2. Einiioeaio?eci ?aiiae ae?aaiaa?a/aneie O.
Ia i?ioyaeaiee VI-IV aa. aei i.y. a A?aoeee i?ienoiaeee ao?iue ?anoeaao
eoeueoo?u e O. Ca yoio ia?eiae auee nicaeaiu iiaia iaieo. ie?iaicc?aiea,
iiaay ea?oeia ie?a, oeaio?aeueiui yeaiaioii e-?ie noaei o/aiea i
einiina. Einiin ioaaouaaao Caieth, /aeiaaea, iaaaniua naaoeea e nai
iaaaniue naiae. Ii caieioo, eiaao noa?e/aneoth oi?io e a iai i?ienoiaeeo
iinoiyiiue e?oaiai?io – ana aicieeaao, oa/ao e eciaiyaony. Ec /aai
aicieeaao, e /aio aica?auaaony ieeoi ia ciaao. Iaeie a?a/aneea o-u
(iaoo?o-u) n/eoatho, /oi iniiaie aauae yaeyaony /oanoaaiii
aini?eieiaaiua yeaiaiou eenei?iae, iaiiue, aiaea, caiey e ii?aaeaeaiiia
aauanoai – aiae?ii; ae?oaea (ieoaai?aeoeu) aeaeaee aa a iaoaiaoe/aneeo
aoiiao; o?aouee (yeaaou) oniao?eaaee iniiao ie?a a aaeeiii,
iac?eiii auoee; /aoaa?oua n/eoaee oaeie iniiaie (Aeaiie?eo) iaaeaeeiua
aoiiu; iyoua (oeiea Ieaoiia) – caiiie oa? eeoue oaiue, ?acoeueoao
aiieiuaiey oea?noaa /enoie iunee. ?acoiaaony ana yoe O. iai?aaeaiey
auee ai iiiaeo ioiioaieyo iaeaiuie e i?ioeai?a/eauie ae?oa ae?oao. Ia
ii?aaa aua aei eiioea n ieoieiaeae, iie ioaiaeeee aiaai,
naa?oanoanoaaiiui neeai aoi?inoaiaiiia, a oi e o?aoueanoaiaiiia ianoi,
iuoaeenue iiciaoue ie? ec iaai naiiai. Ia ia?auo ii?ao ae?aaiaaa?/aneea
o-u ia iniciaaaee, /oi iniiaiie aii?in O. iiaeao eiaoue ?aciia cia/aiea,
ii oaea a V a. aei i.y. (esp.Ieaoii, Aeaiie?eo) /aoei iaicia/eeenue aeaa
i?ioeaiai?noaothuea eeiee, ai?ueaa iaaeaeo e-?uie i?ioiaeeo /a?ac anth
aeaeueiaeooth enoi?eth O.
3. O/aiea Ieaoiia i auoee, aeooa, e iiciaiee.
(427-347, “Ainoaea?noai, caeiiu”). Ieaoii – iniiaaoaeue iauaeoeaiiai
eaeaaeecia. Niaeanii o/aieth Ieaoiia eeoue ie? eaeae i?aaenoaaeyao niaie
enoeiiia auoea, a eiie?aoiua aaue – yoi ia/oi n?aaeiaa iaaeaeo auoeai e
iaauoeai, iie oieueei oaie eaeae. Ieaoii iauyaee ie? eaeae aiaeanoaaiiui
oea?noaii, a e-?ii aei ?iaeaeaiey /aeiaaea i?aauaaao aai aannia?oiay
aeooa. Caoai iia iiiaaeaao ia a?aoioth caieth, aaea a?aiaiii iaoiaeynue
a /ae. oaea, eae ociee a oaiieoea iia aniiieiaao i ie?a eaeae. Auoea –
oiaeaeanoaaiiia e iaeciaiiia, iaeiaei a aeeaeiaao Nioeno e Ia?iaieae I.
i?eo e auaiaeo, /oi aunoea ?iaeu nouaai – Auoea, aeaeae., iieie,
oiaeaeanoai e eciaiaiea – iiaoo iuneeony oieueei oaeei niiniaii, /oi
eaaeaeue ec ieo e anoue e ia anoue, e ?aaai naiiio naaa e ia ?aaai., e
oiaeaeanoaaiai naaa e i?eoiaeeo a eiia. Oae auoea iineieueeo iii
?anniao? naii ii naaa – aaeeii, aa/ii, oiaeaeanoaaiii, iaeciaiii,
iaiiaeaeaeii, ii iii aea iineieueeo iii ?anni ii ioiio e eiiio,
niaea?aeeo a naaa ?acee/ea, eciai/eai, iiaeaeaeii. Iiyoiio auoea
niaea?aeo a naaa i?ioeai?a/ey: iii aaeeii e iiiaeanoaaiii, aa/ii e
i?aoiaeyua, iaeciaiii e eciai/eai. A einiiaiie/aneii o/aiee I
ooaa?aeaeaao, /oi iineaaeieie ye-oaie anao aauae yae iaaeaeeiua
o?aoaieueieee eee aaiiao?e/aneoa aanoaeaniua aoiiu. Oai?ey iiciaiey
Ieaoiia iie?aaony ia aai o/aiea i aeooa. I n/eoae, /oi /aeiaae, eae
oaeaniia nouanoai, nia?oai. Aeooa aea aai aannia?oia. Eiaaea /aeiaae
oie?aao, aai aeooa, ii I, ia iiaeaaao, a eeoue inaiaiaeaeaaony io
oaeaniiai iie?iaa eae naiae oaiieoeu e ia/eiaao naiaiaeii
iooaoanoaiaaoue a iiaeiaaaniie noa?a. Ai a?aiy yoiai iooaoanoaey iia
nii?eeanaaony n ie?ii eaeae e nica?oeaao eo. Iiyoiio nooue i?ioeanna
iiciaiey ninoieo a i?eiiieiaiee aeooie oiai eaeae, eioi?ua iia oaea
nica?oeaea. Enoeiiia ciaiea aeaao oieueei iuoeaiea. Iuoeaiea aea yoi ia
caaeneiue io /oanoaaiiuo aini?eyoee aaniethoii naiinoiyoaeueiue i?ioeann
i?eiiieiaiey. Oieueei iuoeaiea aeaao ciaiea eaeae. *oanoaaiiia
aini?eyoea ii?aaeaeaao eeoue iiaiey i aauao. A nayce n yoei i?ioeann
iiciaiey ii?aaeaeyaony Ieaoiiii eae aeeaeaeoeea, o.a eneonnoai aanoe
onoioth ?a/ue, eneoncoai noaaeoue aii?inu e ioaa/aoue ia ieo,
i?iaoaeaeay ainiiieiaiey. *ae aeooa iacaaeneia io oaea e aannia?oia.
Aeooa ninoieo ec 3 /anoae: ?acoiiie, eio nicaeaaony naiei oai?oeii,
aooaeoeaiie e aiaeaeaeathuae, eio nicaeathony iecoeie aiaaie. Iiaaaea
?acoiiie /anoe iaae no?anoyie e aiaeaeaeaieyie aici i?e niioa
ainieoaiee. O.e. ethaee ia iiaoo ee/iuie oneeeyie i?eae e niaa?oainoao
oi iaiaoiaeeii ain-ai e caeiiu. Ain-ai iniiaaii ia ?acaeaeaiee o?oaea
iaaeaeo ?ac?yaeaie naia a?aaeaeai. A o/. i aeaeaiee a?aaeaeai ia
?ac?yaeu I ?oeiaiaenoaoaony naiae eeanneo /anoae aeooe. ?ac /anoe
aeieaeai niioa ?ac?oi i?aaeoaeae-oeeinioia, aooaeoiie – aieiia,
aiaeaeaeaiiie – ?aianeaiieeia. *anoiay nianoa e naiuey – iiae?uaatho
oneiaey iauanoaa. Iiyoiio I ?ac?aaioae ieai iauaaeeoey, iniiaaiiiai ia
ono?aiaiee aeey i?aaeo e aieiia – ee/iie nianoaaiiinoe, a oaeaea o/aiea
i iauiinoe aeai e ain ainieoaiee aeaoae.
4. O/aiea A?enoioaey i i?e/eiao, iaoa?ee e oi?ia.
A?enoioaeue (384 – 322 aa aei i y). Ii e?eoeeoao Ieaoiia ca oi, /oi oio
i?eienae eaeayi naiinoiyoaeueiia nouanoaiaaiea, iainiaea e ioaeaeea eo
io /oanoaaiiiai ie?a. Nouiinoue – yoi aaeeie/iia, iaeaaeathuaa
naiinoiyoaeueiinoueth auoea. Iia ioaa/aao ia aii?in: “*oi anoue aauue?”
e i?aaenoaaeyao niaie oi, /oi aeaeaao i?aaeiaou eiaiii yoei, ia iicaieyy
aio neeoueny n ae?oaeie. A?-eue aeaeeo nouiinoe ia iecoea e aunoea.
Iecoea nouiinoe ninoiyo ec iaoa?ee e oi?iu. Iaoa?ey eae e o Ieaoiia –
yoi ia?ae/iue iaoa?eae, iioaioeey aauae. I?eaeaao aea iaoa?ee
aeooaeueiia ninoiyiea, o.a i?aa?auaao aa ec aiciiaeiinoe a
aeaenoaeoaeueiinoue oi?ia. O i, A?-eue iiiyoea eaeae caiaiyao ia iiiyoea
oi?iu. Oi?ia, niaeanii A?-eth – yoi aeoeaiia ia/aei, ia/aei aeecie e
aeayoaeueiinoe. Aunoea nouiinoe ii iacuaaao /enouie oi?iaie. Ii nooe
aeaea, /enoua oi?iu anoue ie/oi eiia eae eaeaaeueiua nouiinoe. Iaeaunoae
nouiinoueth A?-eue n/eoaao /enooth, eeoaiioth iaoa?ee oi?io –
Ia?aiaeaeaaoaeue, eioi?ue neoaeeo enoi/ieeii aeecie e aeaeaeaiey anaai
einiina. A niioaaonoaee n o/aieai i nooiinoe, A?-eue i?iaiaeeo
eeanneoeeaoeeth i?e/ei auoey e auaeaeyao 4 aeaea i?e/ei: Iaoa?eaeueiua,
oi, ec /aai ninoiyo aaue, eo noano?ao. Oi?iaeueiua, a eioi?uo oi?ia
i?iyaeyao naay, ia?acoy nouiinoue, noanoaioeeth auoey. Eaaeaeay aauue
anoue oi /oi iia anoue. Aeaenoaothuea eee i?iecaiaeyuea –
?anniao?eaathuea enoi/iee aeaeaeaiey e i?aa?auaiey aiciiaeiinoe a
aeaenoaeoaeueiinoue, yia?aeoe/aneay aaca oi?ie?iaaiey aauae. Oeaeaaay
eee eiia/iay i?e/eia, ioaa/athuay ia aii?inu “Ii/aio?” e “Aeey /aai?”.
A?-eue anaaaea naycuaae aeaeaeaiea n niioaaonoaothuae yia?aeae, aac
eioi?ie ia iiaeao i?iecieoe i?aa?auaiea ec iioaioeeaeueiiai a
aeooaeueiia. Iiae yioaeaoeae A?-eue iiieiaao aeinoeaiooue ?acoeueoao,
oeaeue aeaeaeaiey, caaa?oaiea i?ioeanna. Eaaeaeia auoea ii A?-eth
niaea?aeeo a naaa aioo?aiiea oeaee . Aeaaiaea?y oeaee, caeeth/aiiie a
i?aaeiaoa, ?acoeueoao iaoiaeeony a auoee aei aai inouanoaeaiey, eiaaea
i?ioeann caeii/eeny e aeaeaeaiea aeinoeaei naiaai naiaai caaa?oaiey,
oeaee ?acaeoey. O i, iiiyoea yioaeaoee aiineo a aeaeaeaiea
oaeaieiae/aneee oa?aeoa?. Oaeaieiaeci A?-ey iaoiaeeo naia aunoaa
?acaeoea a aai o/aiee i ia?aiaeaeaaoaea. Oeacaa, /oi aeaeaeaiea aa/ii,
A?enoioaeue i?aaeiieaaae, /oi aeieaeii nouanoaiaaoue ia/oi, /oi
i?eaiaeeo ana oaea a aeaeaeaiea. Yoi e anoue ia?aue aeaeaaoaeue. Nai ii
ia iiaeao iaoiaeeoueny a aeaeaeaiee, eai oiaaea neaaeiaaei au
i?aaeiieiaeeoue iaee/ea aua iaeiiai aeaeaaoaey. “Ia?aue aeaeaaoaeue”
aeey naiae aeayoaeueiinoe ia ioaeaeaaony a nouanoaiaaiee ae?oaeo oae, ii
nai anoue yia?aey, /enoay aeayoaeueiinoue. Aoaeo/e yia?aeae,
ia?aiaeaeaaoaeue ia iaeaaeaao iaoa?eae, a iai iao einoiiai, ii anoue
/enoay oi?ia – oeaeue. Aeooa yae-ny oi?iie ii ioiioaieth e iaoa?ee.
Iaeiaei, ii A?-eth, i?enoua eeoue aeeaiio nouanoao. Ae iaeaaeatho
oieueei ?anoaiey, aeeaioiia e /aeiaae. ?anoeoaeueia aeooa aaaeaao
ooieoeeyie ieoaiey ?inoa e ?aciiiaeaiey – iaueie aeey aeeauo nouanoa. O
aeeaioiuo i?eaaaeyaony niiniaiinoue aeaeaiey, o a no?aieaiea e i?eyoiiio
e ecaaaaieth iai?eyoiiai. ?acoiiie aeooie iaeaaeaao eeoue /aeiaae.
A?-eue ii?aaeaeyao ?acoiioth aeooo eae oaeoth /anoue aeooe, eioi?ay
iiciaao e aeoiaao. ?acoi ninoaaeyao iniiaiia ia/aei yoie aeooe. Ii ia
caaeneo io oaea, aannia?oai e iaoiaeeony a oaniie nayce n anaeaineei
?acoiii. Ioee/ea /ae-ea io aeeaioiiai – yoi niiniaiinoue e
eioaeaeooaeueiie aeecie. Oeaio?aeueiia iiiyoea a?enoioaeaaneie yoeee –
aeia?iaeaoaeue. A?-eue ?acaeaeye aeia?iaeaoaeue ia aeaa aeaaiuo aeaea:
aeeaiiyoe/aneea (eioaeaeooaeueiua) e yoe/aneea (aieaaua)
5. Yeeeienoe/aneay oeeinioey.
Yeeeienoe/aneay oeeinioey (io a?a/. hellen – a?ae) – a?aei-?eineay
oeeinioey a ia?eiae io ia/aea iioiaeia Aeaenaiae?a Aaeeeiai (356-323)
aei iaeaaeaiey ?eieyi Aaeioii. aei Aaaonoeia e a aieaa iicaeithth yiioo
– aei eiioea Ae?aaiaai ie?a (na?.6 a).
Yeiiiie/aneee e iieeoe/aneee oiaaeie A?aoeee, caeao ?iee iieena
io?aaeathony a a?a/aneie oeeinioee. Oneeey, iai?aaeaiiua ia iiciaiea
iauaeoeaiiai ie?a (oeeinioey A?enoioaey), aeoeaiia o/anoea a
iieeoe/aneie aeecie, eioi?ia i?iyaeeinue o a?a/aneeo oeeinioia,
iinoaiaiii caiauathony eiaeeaeaeoaeeciii, yoece?iaaieai e
ii?aeece?iaaieai eeai neaioeoeeciii e aaiinoeoeeciii. Ni a?aiaiai
eioa?an e oeeinioneiio iuoeaieth aiiaua ?acei iaaeaao. I?eoiaeeo ia?eiae
ienoeee, ?aeeaeicii-oeeinioneiai neie?aoecia, o?enoeaineie oeeinioee.
(aua Ia?eiaoaoeee. Aeaaeaie/aneay oeeinioey. Yeeaeoeoeeci. Iaiieaoiieci
(Ieioei, ienoe/aneee eaeaaeeci)).
Eeieci – (oeeieee) (Aioenoai, Aeeiaai Neiiineee eae?) no?aieeenue ia
neieueei e iino?iaieth caeii/aiiie oai?ee auoey e iiciaiey, neieueei e
io?aaioea e yenia?aiaioaeueiie i?iaa?ea ia naaa ii?aaeae. ia?aca aeecie.
Iuneeoue ii-eeie/enee – oieueei n?aaenoai, oeaeue aeeoue ii – eeie/anee.
Eeieee n auciaii eiaiiaaee naay “a?aaeaeaiaie ie?a” e iaycuaaeenue
aeeoue a ethaii iauanoaa ia ii aai caeiiai, a ii naiei nianoaaiiui, n
aioiaiinoueth i?eaiey noaoon ieueo, th?iaeeauo. Iieiaeaiea ia oieueei
e?aeia aaaenoaaiiia, ii e oieceoaeueiia ecae?aaony eie eae iaeeo/oaa.
Eeieee oioaee auoue iaaeie e iaeeiieeie, nioeeaeueiua nayce e
eoeueoo?iua iaauee – iieiinoue. Ana aeaeu aeooiaiie e oece/. aaaeiinoe
i?aaeii/oeoaeueiaa aiaaonoaa. Iie oae aea caieiaeenue oai?eae iiciaiey,
e?eoeeoy iauea iiiyoey, eae a?aaeioth auaeoieo, oneiaeiythuoth ioiio e
i?aaeiaoo. Eeieee – enoi/iee noieoeecia.
Yieeo?eci. Yieeo?aeci – o/aiea e ia?ac aeecie, enoiaeyuea ec eaeae
Yieeo?a e aai iineaaeiaaoaeae, ioaeathueo ia caaeoiuaaynue i?aaeii/oaiea
iaoa?eaeueiui ?aaeinoyi aeecie. Aeaeeii, iaeaieaa auaeathueiny
iuneeoaeai yeeeienoe/aneiai ia?eiaea aue Yieeo?. Ae.i?iecaaaeaiey:
“I?aaeei” (eaiii), “I i?e?iaea” e.o.ae. O/aiea Aeaiie?eoa Yieeo? ia
i?eieiaao ianneaii, ii iii?aaeyao aai, aeiiieiyao e ?acaeaaao. Anee
Aeaiie?eo oa?aeoa?ecoao aoiiu ii aaee/eia, oi?ia e iieiaeaieth a
i?ino?ainoaa, oi Yieeo? ei i?eienuaaao aua iaeii naienoai – oyaeanoue.
Aianoa n Aeaiie?eoii ii i?eciaao, /oi aoiiu, aeaeaeoony a ionoioa.
Yieeo? aeiioneaao e i?eciaao caeiiiia?iui e ii?aaeaeaiiia ioeeiiaiea io
i?yiieeiaeiiai, aeaeaeaiey.
Yieeo?iai iiieiaiea neo/aeiinoe ia eneeth/aao, i?e/eiiiai iauyniaiey. O
/aeiaaea anoue naiaiaea auai?a, a ia ana i?aaeii?aaeaeaii. A o/aiee i
aeooa Yieeo? ionoaeaaao iaoa?eaeenoe/aneea acaeyaeu. Niaeanii Yieeo?o,
aeooa – yoi ia ia/oi aanoaeaniia, a no?oeoo?a aoiiia, oii/aeoay iaoa?ey,
?annayiiay ii anaio i?aaiecio. Ionthaea auoaeaao e io?eoeaiea aannia?oey
aeooe. A iaeanoe oai?ee iiciaiey Yieeo? – nainoaeeno. A iniiaa anyeiai
iiciaiey eaaeao iuouaiey, eioi?ua aicieeatho i?e ioaeaeaiee io?aaeaiee
io iauaeoeaii nouanoaothueo i?aaeiaoia e i?iieeatho a iaoe i?aaiu
/oanoa. Oaeei ia?acii, iniiaiie i?aaeiinueeie anyeiai iiciaiey yaeyaony
nouanoaiaaiea iauaeoeaiie ?aaeueiinoe e aa iiciaaaaiinoue n iiiiuueth
/oanoa.
Aieueoia aieiaiea oaeaeye Yieeo? e iiiyoeyi. ssniinoue e oi/iinoue
oiio?aaeyaiuo iiiyoee ii n/eoae iniiaie ethauo ?annoaeaeaiee.
Yoe/aneea e aiiaua oeeinioneea aicc?aiey Yieeo?a oaniaeoei ia?acii
naycaiu n aai ioe?uoui e aieinoaothuei aoaeciii. Iniiaiui enoi/ieeii
aicieeiiaaiey e nouanoaiaaiey ?aeeaee ii n/eoae no?ao nia?oe e iaciaiea
anoanoaaiiuo caeiiia. Yieeo?aeci i?aaenoaaeye niaith a a?a/aneie
oeeicooee III-I a. aei i. y. iaeaieaa /aoei au?aaeaiiia
iaoa?eaeenoe/aneia iai?aaeaiea e a i?eioeeia nua?ae iieiaeeoaeueioth
?ieue.
Noieoeeci A eiioea IV a. aei i. y. a A?aoeee oi?ie?oaony noieoeeci,
eioi?ue a yeeeienoe/aneii, a oaeaea a aieaa iicaeiai ?eineii ia?eiaea
noaiiaeony iaeiei ec naiuo ?ani?ino?aiaiiuo oeeinioneeo oa/aiee. Aai
iniiaaoaeai aue Caiii. O?aeoao “I /aeiaa/aneie i?e?iaea”. Noieee /anoi
n?aaieaaee oeeinioeth n /aeiaa/aneei i?aaieciii. Eiaeeo iie n/eoaee
neaeaoii, yoeeo – iuooeaie, a oeceeo – aeooie. Aieaa ii?aaeaeaiioth
oi?io noie/aneiio iuoeaieth i?eaeaao O?eneii. Ii i?aa?auaao noie/aneoth
oeeinioeth a iaoe?ioth nenoaio. Noieee oa?aeoa?eciaaee oeeinioeth eae
“oi?aaeiaiea a ioae?inoe”. I?oaeeai oeeinioee, aa iniiaiie /anoueth iie
n/eoaee eiaeeo. Iia o/eo ia?auaoueny iiiyoeyie, ia?aciauaaoue noaeaeaiey
e oiicaeeth/aiey. Aac iaa iaeuecy iiiyoue ie oeceeo, ie yoeeo, eioi?ay
yaeyaony oeaio?aeueiie /anoueth noie/aneie oeeinioee.
A iioieiaee noieee i?eciatho aeaa iniiaiuo i?eioeeia: iaoa?eaeueiue
i?eioeei (iaoa?eae), eioi?ue n/eoaaony iniiaie, e aeooiaiue i?eioeei –
eiain (aia), eioi?ue i?iieeaao /a?ac anth iaoa?eth e ia?acoao eiie?aoiua
aaeeie/iua aaue. Noieee, a ioee/ea io A?enoioaey nouiinoueth n/eoaee
iaoa?eaeueiue i?eioeei (oioy, oae aea eae e ii, i?eciaaaee iaoa?eth
ianneaiui, a eiain (aia) – aeoeaiui i?eioeeiii). Iiiyoea aiaa a
noie/aneie oeeinioee iiaeii ioa?aeoa?eciaaoue eae iaioaenoe/aneia.
Eiain, niaeanii eo acaeyaeai, i?iieouaaao anth i?e?iaeo, i?iyaeyaony
aacaea a ie?a. Ii yaeyaony caeiiii iaiaoiaeeiinoe, i?iaeaeaieai. Iiiyoea
aiaa niiauaao anae eo eiioeaioeee auoey aeaoa?ieienoneee, aieioue aei
oaoaeecia, oa?aeoa?, eioi?ue i?iiecuaaao e eo yoeeo. A iaeanoe oai?ee
iiciaiey noieee i?aaenoaaeytho ii i?aeiouanoao aioe/ioth oi?io
nainoaeecia. Noieee oi?iuatho a?enoioaeaaneoth nenoaio eaoaai?ee –
/aou?a iniiaiuie eaoaai?eyie: noanoaioeey (nouiinoue), eiee/anoai,
ii?aaeaeaiiia ea/anoai e ioiioaiea, niaeanii ii?aaeaeaiiiio ea/anoao. N
iiiiuueth aeaiiuo eaoaai?ee iinoeaaaony aeaenoaeoaeueiinoue.
Oeaio?ii e iineoaeai iiciaiey, niaeanii noie/aneie oeeinioee, yaeyaony
aeooa. Iia iiieiaaony eae ia/oi oaeaniia, iaoa?eaeueiia. Eiiaaea aa
iaicia/atho eae iiaaia (niaaeeiaiea aicaeooa e iaiy). Aa oeaio?aeueioth
/anoue, a eioi?ie eieaeece?oaony niiniaiinoue e iuoeaieth e aiiaua ana
oi, /oi iiaeii ii?aaeaeeoue a iuiaoieo oa?ieiao eae ineoe/aneoth
aeayoaeueiinoue, noieee iacuaatho ?acoiii (aaaaiiieeii). ?acoi naycuaaao
/aeiaaea ni anai ie?ii. Eiaeeaeaeoaeueiue ?acoi yaeyaony /anoueth
ie?iaiai ?acoia. Oioy noieee n/eoatho iniiaie anyeiai iiciaiey /oanoaa,
aieueoia aieiaiea iie oaeaeytho e i?iaeaiai iuoeaiey.
Noie/aneay yoeea auaeaeaaao ia aa?oeio /aeiaa/aneeo oneeee
aeia?iaeaoaeue. Aeia?iaeaoaeue, ii eo i?aaenoaaeaieyi aaeeinoaaiiia
aeaai. Aeia?iaeaoaeue icia/aao aeeoue a niaeanee n ?acoiii. Noieee
i?eciatho /aou?a iniiaiua aeia?iaeaoaee, i?eaaaeythony /aou?a
i?ioeaiiieiaeiinoe: ?acoiiinoe i?ioeainoieo ia?acoiiinoue, oia?aiiinoe –
?aniouaiiinoue, ni?aaaaeeeainoe – iani?aaaaeeeainoue e aeiaeanoe –
o?oninoue, iaeiaeooea. Iaaeaeo aeia?ii e ceii, iaaeaeo aeia?iaeaoaeueth
e a?aoii /aoeia, eaoaai?e/aneia ?acee/ea.
Noie/aneay oeeinioey, aeaeeii, eo/oa anaai no?auaao ?acaeaathueeny
e?ecen aeooiaiie aeecie a?a/aneiai iauanoaa, eioi?ue yaeeny neaaenoaeai
yeiiiie/aneiai e iieeoe/aneiai ?aceiaeaiey. Eiaiii noie/aneay yoeea
iaeaieaa aaeaeaaoii io?aaeaao “naia a?aiy”. Yoi yoeea “niciaoaeueiiai
ioeaca”, niciaoaeueiiai cie?aiey n noaeueaie. Iia ioaiaeeo aieiaiea io
aiaoiaai ie?a, io iauanoaa e aioo?aiiaio ie?o /aeiaaea. Eeoue aioo?e
naay /aeiaae iiaeao iaeoe aeaaioth e aaeeinoaaiioth iii?o. Iiyoiio
noieoeeci aiiaue iaeeaaao a ia?eiae e?ecena ?eineie ?anioaeeee e caoai a
ia?eiae ia/eiathuaainy ?aniaaea ?eineie eiia?ee.
Neaioeoeeci. A eiioea 4 a. aei i.y. oi?ie?oaony aua iaeii, iai?aaeaiea –
neaioeoeeci. Iniiaaoaeue – Ie??ii ec Yeeaeu. Eae e Nie?ao eceaaae naie
eaeae onoii. Iiyoiio ana naaaeaiey i iai eaeoo ec o?oaeia aai o/aieea
Oeiiia. Neainen eiae ianoi a a?a/aneie oeeinioee e ?aiueoa. A
yeeaienoe/aneoth yiioo neeaaeuaathony aai i?eioeeiu, eai neainen
ii?aaeaeyeny ia iaoiaee/aneeie onoaiiaeaie a iaaiciiaeiinoe
aeaeueiaeoaai iiciaiey, a ioeacii io aiciiaeiinoe aeieoe aei enoeiu. E
yoio ioeac noaiiaeony i?ia?aiiie.
Aeiaiaeu i?ioea i?aaeeueiinoe eae /oanoaaiiuo aini?eyoee, oae e iiciaiee
iunee neaioeee iauaaeeieee a aeanyoue oacenia, o?iiia: iai?eia?, ia?aue
iiaeaa?aaao niiiaieth iieiaeaiey i aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe ?acaeoey
oeceieiae/aneie no?oeoo?u aeeaioiuo, 2 – iiae/a?eeaaao eiaeeaeaeoaeueiua
?acee/ey ethaeae n oi/ee c?aiey oeceieiaee e ineoeee, 3 – i ?acee/ee
/oanoaaiiuo i?aaiia, a eioi?uo aaue aucuaatho ?aciua iuouaiey e o.ae.
Aiiauai iie aeaeaee aeoeaio ia noauaeoeaeci iiciaiey /aeiaaea. Enoiaey
ec i?eioeeia “ie/aai ia ooaa?aeaeaoue”, iiaee?aieaiiiai o?iiaie,
neaioeee ioaa?aaee ethaua iiiuoee iiciaiey i?e/ei e ioa?anuaaee ethaua
aeieacaoaeuenoaa. A ioee/ea io YI. e NO. oeeinioee, aaea aeinoeaeaiea
i?aaeiieaaaei iiciaiea yaeaiee e caeiiia i?e?iaeu, yoa oeeinioey
ioeacuaaaony io iiciaiey. Aeinoeaeaiea n/anouey ii Ie??iio –
aeinoeaeaiea aoa?aenee (niieienoaey, iaaiciooeiinoe).
Oioy neaioeoeeci ai iiiaii e?eoe/anee iinoeaaao ?aaeueioth i?iaeaiaoeeo
neiaeiinoe ?acaeoey iiciaiey, aai iniiaiie /a?oie auee, iaeiaei,
aaciaaeaaeiinoue e ioeac, aaaeouea e aaiinoeoeecio.
6. Aia, /aeiaae e ie? a n?aaeiaaaeiaie o?enoeaineie oeeinioee.
E?aaoeeiieci. Niaeanii o?enoeaineiio aa?io/aieth, Aia nicaeae ie? ec
ie/aai, nioai?ee aai aeoii naiae aiee, aeaaiaea?y naiaio iiaouanoao.
Aiaeano anaiia-ai i?iaeieaeaao iiaeaea?aeeaaoue auoea ie?a. Iiaeaea?ae-a
auoey ie?a anoue iinoi-a oai?aiea aai aiaii aiiaue. Anee au oai?/aneay
neea aiaa i?ae?aoeeanue, ie? au aa?ioeny a iaauoea.
A ioee/ea io aioe/iuo aiaia, eioi?ua auee ?iaenoaaiiu i?e?iaea e
ia?aaeei ioiaeaeanoaeyeenue n iath, o?enoeaineee Aia noieo iaae
i?e?iaeie, ii oo noi?iio aa. O i, a o?enoeaineii ie?iaicc?aiee aeoeaiia
oai?/aneia ia/aei eae au ecuiaaony ec i?e?iaeu, ec einiina e ia?aaeaaony
cai?aaeaeueiie neea – Aiao. Aia o?aeooaony eae aaniethoiia oai?/aneia
ia/aei. Aio i?eienuaathony ana ao?eaoou, eioi?uie ae?aaiaa?a/aneea
oeeiniou iaaeaeyee auoea: Ii aa/ai, iaeciaiai, enoi/iee anaai
nouanoaothuaai. Iaeiaei o?enoeaineay O eiaao aeooiaii-i?aanoaaiioth
iai?aaeaiiinoue, i?eaioe?oao /aeiaaea ia nianaiea aai aeooe. Iiyoiio
o?enoeaineay iioieiaey no?eoueny ia i?eioeeia, /oi aia yoi ia oieueei
aunoaa auoea, ii e aunoaa aeaai, aunoey enoeia, aunoay e?anioa.
Aio?iiioeaio?eci. A eiioaenoa ?aeeaeiciiai ie?iaicc?aiey, yoi niai-oue
acaeyaeia, ooaa?aeaeathueo eneeth/eoaeueioth ?ieue /aeiaaea n?aaee
oai?aiey aiaa. Niaeanii o?eno o/aieth, Aia nioai?ee /aeiaaea ia aianoa
ni anaie nouanoaaie, a ioaeaeueii, a niaoeeaeueiue aeaiue. O?eno
oeeiniou iiae/a?eeaaee iniaoth ?ieue /aeiaaea. Anee ana ae?oaea iaoa?-ua
nenoaiu – eeoue i?inoi oai?aiey, oi /aeiaae aaiaoe oai?aiey. Ii yaeyaony
oeaio?ii anaeaiiie e eiia/iie oeaeueth oai?aiey. Aieaa oiai ii nouanoai
ainiiaenoaothuaa ia caiea.
Aunieee noaoon /aeiaa/aneiai auoey ii?aaeaeyaony aeaeaeneie oi?ioeie
“/aeiaae – ia?ac e iiaeiaea aiaa”. Aiaeanoaaiiua ea/anoaa /aeiaaea – yoi
?acoi e aiey. Eiaiii ?acoi e naiaiaeiay aiey aeaeatho i?aanoaaiiui
nouanoaii /aeiaaea e i?aaenoaaeoaeai aiaa a yoii Aiaa a yoii ie?a,
i?iaeieaeaoaeai aiaeanoaaiiuo aeayiee. *aeiaaeo, eae e Aiao, aeaia
niiniaiinoue auneacuaaoue noaeaeaiey. ?acee/aoue aeia?i e cei. Naiaiaea
aiee iicaieyao /aeiaaeo naeaeaoue auai? a iieueco aeia?a eee cea.
Ia?aua ethaee A e A – naeaeaee yoio auai? ia oaea/ii. Iie aua?aee cei e
niaa?oeee a?aoiiaaeaiea. Ioiuia i?e?iaea /aeiaaea ieacaeanue
enii?/aiiie, ia iaai iinoiyiii ieacuaaao aicaeaenoaea a?aoiiaaeaiea.
Iiyoiio o?enoeaineea iuneeoaee ii?aaeaeytho i?e?iaeo /aeiaaea
aeaienoaaiiie. Yoi ?acaeaiaiea /aeiaaea Aaaonoei iacuaae “aieaciueth
aeooe”, iaiiae/eiaiea aa naaa naiie, o a aunoaio ia/aeo. Niaeanii o?eno
ie?iaic?aieth, /aeiaae nai naieie neeaie, ia niiniaai i?aiaeieaoue naieo
a?aoiaiuo iaeeiiiinoae. Aio iinoiyiii iaiaoiaeeia aiaeanoaaiiay iiiiuue,
aeaenoaea aiaeanoaaiiie aeaaiaeaoe. Niioiioaiea i?e?iaeu e aeaaiaeaoe
yaeyaony oeaio?aeueiie oaiie o?enoeaineie aio?iiieiaee.
I?iaeaeaioeeaeeci e ynoaoieiaeci. A iniiaa o?eno eiioeaioeee enoi?ee
eaaeeo i?aaenoaaeaiea i iinoiyiiie e iaiaoiaeeiie nayce /aeiaaea n
aiaii. *aeiaae o?aeooaony eae auoea, nioai?aiiia aiaii, nianaiiia
O?enoii e i?aaeiacia/aiiia e naa?oanoanoaaiiie noaeueaa. Eno-e i?ioeann
i?e oaeii iiaeoiaea i?aaenoaaeyao ?ane?uoea eae aiai-/aeiaa/aneiai
ioiioaiey, oa?aeoa?ecothuaainy, n iaeiie noi?iiu, oiaaeeii, ?aa?annii,
aucaaiiui a?aoiiaaeaieai e io/oaeaeaieai /aeiaaea io aiaa, a n ae?oaie
noi?iiu ainoiaeaeaieai /aeiaaea e aiao. Iniiaiay ienney /aeiaaea
oa?aeoa?ecoaony eae nianeoaeueiay, eniuoaoaeueiay, e iaceaeaoaeueiay.
I?e oaeii iiaeoiaea enoi?e/aneee i?ioeann iieo/aao eae au aeaa
ecia?aiey: ai?eciioaeueiia e aa?oeeaeueiia. Ai?eciioaeueiia
oa?aeoa?ecoao enoi?e/aneee i?ioeann n o c? aai aioo?aiiaai ?acaeoey:
aeayoaeueiinoe ethaeae, eo ai?ueau ca aeanoue, ca oeo/oaiea
aeaaininoiyiey e o ae. Aa?oeeaeueiia – oa?aeoa?ecoao aeeyiea ia
enoi?e/aneee i?ioeann aeaenoaey Aiaa, aai aiaoaoaeuenoai a oiae
enoi?e/aneiai ?acaeoey. O?enoeaineia ie?-a a naiae iniiaa
i?iaeaeaioeeaeueii. Ie? ?acaeaaaony ia nai ii naaa, a niaeanii i?iiuneo
Aiaeeth. Niaeanii yoiio ie?iaic-th, i?iiunae Aiaa ?ani?ino?aiyaony ia
aanue ie?oaeathuee ie? e i?eaeaao anai i?e?iaeiui e iauanoaaiiui
i?ioeannai iniuneaiiue e oeaeaiai?aaeaiiue oa?aeoa?. A oee-e enoi?ee
i?iaeaeaioeeiiaeeci ooaa?aeaeaao, /oi aiaeanoaaiiue caiunae
i?aaeii?aaeaeyao enoi?eth ethaeae. Ia aeieth ethaeae inoaaony eeai
niaeaenoaiaaoue inouanoaeaieth yoiai ieaia, e, o i ?aaioaoue ia nianaiea
ie?a e /aeiaaea, eeai i?ioeaiaeaenoaiaaoue aio, ca /oi aia iiaeaa?aiao
ethaeae iaeacaieyi.
I?iaeaeaioeeaeeci ia?ac?uaii naycai n ynoaoieiaeae – o/aieai i eiioea
ie?a. Enoi?ey a o?eno-i ie?iaic-e ecia?aaeaaony eae oeaeaniia?aciue
i?ioeann iai?aaeyaiue aiaii e ca?aiaa i?aaeii?aaeaeyaiie oeaee –
oea?noao Ynoaoiia (oea?noao Aiaeeth). O?enoeaineea iuneeoaee
ecia?aaeatho oea?noai Aiaeea eae ie? enoeiiiai, i?ae?aniiai e
niaa?oaiiiai, a eioi?ii /aeiaae aoaeao iaoiaeeoueny a iieiii aaeeiaiee n
aiaii. Aeinoeaeaiea oea?noaa Aiaeueaai – yoi eiia/iay oeaeue e niune
/aeiaa/aneiai nouanoaiaaiey. Yoi iieiaeaiea yaeyaony iniiaie
o?enoeaineiai ie?iaic-y e i?eciaaony anaie iai?aaeaieyie o?enoeaineie
oeeinioee e oaieiaee.
Oiia Aeaeineee – iuoaaony iino?ieoue e iauynieoue ?aeeaeth ia iniiaa
?acoiiiai, a ia aa?u, iaoea aeieaeia iiaeoaa?aeaeaoue ?aeeaeth.
7. ?aoeeiiaeenoe/aneay iaoaoeceea
?AOeEIIAEECI (io eao. ratio – ?acoi) – oeeinioneia aicc?aiea,
i?eciathuaa ?acoi (iuoeaiea) enoi/ieeii iiciaiey e e?eoa?eai aai
enoeiiinoe.
?aia Aeaea?o (aeoaeeno) – iaoaiaoee, oecee. A einiieiaee eaeay
anoanoaaiiiai ?acaeoey nieia/iie nenoaiu, a O. o/aiea i noanoaioeee,
iaoa?ey = i?ioyaeaiiinoue. Ionoioa iaiaoa?eaeueia. Iiieiaiea /aeiaaea –
aacaeooiue oaeaniue iaoaieci e iuneyuay aeooa + aiey. AEeaioiua aeeaua
aaoiiaou. Aia nouiinoue, e-ay yae. i?e/eiie anaai nouaai e iaaieaa oiai.
Aeaaiay caaea/a /ae. ainiiaenoai iaae ae?oaeie aaoiiaoaie, eiaaea /ae.
aeinoeaiao enoeiiiai ciaiey i?e aeaoo one. 1) ciaiea anoanoaaiiie
i/aaeaeiinoe 2) ciaiea iiae/eiaii aaeeiiio oieaa?naeueiiio iaoiaeo
iiciaiey. Nieiica ?acaee iaoa?-oth noi?iio o/aiey Aeaea?oa
i?ioeaiiinoaaea aeoaeecio iaoa?eaeenoe/aneee iiieci – o-ia aicc?aiea,
niaeanii e-io ana iiiaiia?acea ie?a iauyniyaony n iiiiuueth aaeeiie
noanoaioeee – iaoa?ee eeai aeooa. A. Eaeaieoe ?acaeaae eaeae
iauaeoeaiiai eaeaaeecia, caeiaeaiiua a ieaoiiianeii ianeaaeee, auneacae
?yae aeoaieeo iuneae aeeaeaeoe/aneiai o-?a. Ie? ninoieo ec iaeue/aeoeo
yeaiaioia eee iiiaae – aeooiaiuo yeaiaioia auoey, iaeaaeathueo
aeoeaiinoueth e naiinoiyoaeueiinoueth, iaoiaeyueony a iai?a?uaiii
eciaiaiee e niiniaiuo e no?aaeaieth, aini?eyoeth e niciaieth. ?aia
Aeaea?o. (1596 – 1650a) A a?aieoeao aai oeceee iaoa?ey i?aaenoaaeyao
niaie aaeeinoa. noanoaioeeth, aaeeinoaaiiia iniiaaiea auoey e iiciaiey.
A oi aea a?aiy a ineoieiaee, oai?ee iiciaiey, a o/aiee i auoee Ae. –
eaeaaeeno. A oai? iici. Ae. iauyaeyao naiie aeinoiaa?iie enoeiie enoeio
i nou. niciaiey, iuoeaiey: “ss iuneth neaaeiaaoaeueii ss nouanoaoth”. A
o/. i auoee ii ia oieueei i?eciaao nou aeooiaiie noanoaioeee, ii e
ooaa?aeaeaao, /oi iaae ieie iaaeie a ea/anoaa aunoae noanoaioeee
i?aauaaao aia.
A iiciaiee aeaaioth ?ieue ea?aao ?acoi – ?aoeeiiaeeci. Ae. iieaaae, /oi
enoi/ieeii aeinoiaa?iinoe ciaiey iiaeao auoue oieueei nai ?acoi. A
i?ioe. iiciaiey eneeth/. ianoi ioaae aeaaeoeoeee. Enoiaeiua iieiaeaiey –
aeneiiu. A eia oeaie aeaaeoeoeee, neaae. ca aeneiiaie, eaaeaeia neaae
caaii aeinoiaa?ii. Iaeiaei aeey yniiai e io/aoeeaiai i?aaenoaaeaiey anae
oeaie ioaeia neea iaiyoe. Iiyoiio iaiin?. i/aaeaeiua enoiaeiua
iieiaeaiey, eee eiooeoeee, eiatho i?aeiouanoai n?aaieoaeueii n
?annoaeae. aeaaeoeoeee.
Aii?. eiooeoeeae e aeaaeoeoeeae ?acoi iiaeao aeinoe/ aeinoiaa?iiai
ciaiey a neo/aa anee aoaeao aii?oaeai iaoiaeii. Iaoiae Ae. ninoieo ec 4
o?aaiaaiee: 1.aeiioneaoue a ea/. enoeiiuo oieueei oaeea iieiaeaiey, eio
i?aaenaae. oio ynii e io/aoeeai, ia iiaoo aucaaoue ieeaeeo niiiaiee a
enoeiiinoe; 2. ?an/eaiyoue eaaeaeoth neiaeioth i?iae. ia ninoaaeythuea
aa /anoiua i?iae; 3. iaoiaee/anee ia?aoiaeeoue io ecaanoiiai e
aeieacaiiiai e iaeca. e iaaeie.; 4.ia aeiioneaoue ieeaeeo i?iioneia a
ia. caaiueyo enneaaeiaaiey.
Aaiaaeeeo Nieiica.(iaoa?eaeeno) – (1632 – 1677). Iniiaiay oeaeue oee. –
caaiaaaiea ainiiaenoaa iaae aiaoiae i?e?iaeie e niaa?o. /aeia. i?e?iaeu.
?acaeaay yoe eaeae i?aaeoanoaaiieeia ii aeiiieiee eo o/aieai i naiaiaea.
N. o/ee, /oi nou eeoue iaeia noanoaioeey – i?e?iaea, eio yaeyaony
i?e/eiie naiie naay. I?e?. yaeyaony n iaeiie noi?iiu i?e?iaeie oai?yuae,
a n ae?. – i?e?iaeie nioai?aiiie. Eae i?e?iaea oai?yuay iia anoue
noanoaioeey, eee, /oi oiaea naiia – aia. Ioiaeaeanoaeyy i?e? e aiaa, N.
io?eoeaao nou. naa?oi?e?iaeiiai nouanoaa, ?anoai?yao aiaa a i?e?iaea e
oai naiui iainiiauaaao iaoa?eaeeno. iiieiaiea i?e?iaeu.
Iainiiauaaao aaaeiia ?acee/ea iaaeaeo nouiinoueth e nouanoaiaaieai. A
aaeeie/iuo, i?aoiaeyueo aauao noui. ia niai. n nouanoa., ii a aa/iie e
aaneiia/iie noanoaioeee ec nouiinoe n iaiaoiaeeiinoueth neaaeoao aa
nouanoaiaaiea. Iiyoiio auoea aiaa (eee noano) iiaeao auoue aeieacaii, o.
a nouanoaiaaiea aiaa i.a. auaaaeaii ec iiiyoey i nouiinoe aiaa
(i?e?iaeu). Auoea noano. iaeiia?aiaiii e iaiaoiaeeii e naiaiaeii o.e. ia
nou. ieeaeie i?e/eiu, eio. iiaoaeaeaea au noano e aeaenoaeth, e?iia aa
nianoa. nouiinoe. Aaeeie/iay aauue ia neaaeoao ec noano eae ec naiae
aeeae. i?e/eiu. Iia iiaeao neaaeiaaoue oieueei ec ae?. eiia/iie aaue.
Iiyoiio anyeay aae. aauue ia iaeaaeaao naiaiaeie.
Io noano. neaaeoao ioee/aoue ie? eii. aauae, eee niaie. iiaeonia. Iiaeon
yoi oi, /oi nou. ia naii ii naaa , a a ae?oaii. Noano – aaeeia, aa
nouiinoue eneeth/aao anyeia iiiaeanoai. Iiaeonia aea aaneiia/iia
iiiaeanoai. Iie ioiinyony e noano eae aan/eneaiiua oi/ee, eaaeauea ia
i?yiie ioiinyony e naiie i?yiie.
I?e?. nou. naia ii naaa, iacaaeneii io oia e aia oia. Aaneiia/iue oi iia
au iinoeaaoue aane noano. ai anao aa aeaeao e aniaeoao. Ii iao oi ia
aaneiia/ai. Iiyoiio ii iinoeaaao nou. noanoaioeee eae aaneiia/ioth eeoue
a 2 aniaeoao: eae i?ioyaeaiea e eae iuoeaiea (ao?eaoou noanoaioeee).
*ae eae i?aaeiao iiciaiey, ia ninoaae ieeaeiai eneeth/aiey. *ae. anoue
nouanoai, eio. iiaeon i?ioyaeaiey – oaei, niioa iiaeon iuoeaiey – aeooa.
A ethaii neo/aa /aeiaae – /anoue i?e?iaeu.
A.A. Eaeaieoe (1646 – 1716) ?acaeaaao o/aiea i auoee a oi?ia o/aiey i
noanoaioeee. Aeaea?o naae iaoa?eaeueiinoue e i?ioyaeaieth. E. iieaaae,
/oi ec i?ioyaeaiey iiaoo auoue auaaaeaiu eeuue aaiiao?, ii ia oec na-aa
oae: eo aeaeaeaiea, aeaenoaea, nii?ioeaeaiea… Iiyoiio iaiaoiaeeii
i?aaeiieaaaoue a noano oaeea na-aa, ec eio iiaee au auoue auaaaeaiu
iniiaiua oec oa?-ee oae. Oi, /oi aaue iaeaaeatho nianoa. aeaenoaeai
i?eaiaeeo E. e auaiaeo, /oi aaue a nouiinoe neeu. Ethaay aauue –
noanoaioeey, neaaeia. /enei noano. aaneiia/ii. Eaaeaeay noano. eee neea
anoue aaeeieoea auoey eee iiiaaea. Iiiaaea – aeooiaiay aaeeieoea auoey,
aeooiaiue aoii. *enei yaeyaony aiaoiei au?aaeaieai aeooiaiie nouiinoe
iiiaaeu, au? aa ianneaiinoe, ia?aie/aiiinoe. Iaeiaei ianneaiinoue –
i?iecaiaeiue iiiaio iiiaaeu. Ia?ae/iua ea/anoaa eio –
naiinoiyoaeueiinoue, naiiaeayoaeueiinoue. Aeaaiae?y iii. iaoa?ey iae.
niiniaiinoueth aa/iiai naiiaeaeaeaiey. Eaaeaeay iii iaeiia?aiaiii –
oi?ia e iaoa?ey, eai ethaia iao oaei iaeaaeaao iiaae oi?iie. Oi?ia –
iaiaoa?eaeueia e i?aaenoaaeyao oeaeaniia?acii aeaenoaothuoth neeo, a
oaei – yoi iaoai. neea. Iiyoiio i?e?. iaeuecy iauyniyoue oieueei c-iaie
iaoaieee, iaiaoiaeeii aaanoe iiiyoea i oeaee. Iiiaaea anoue n?aco e
iniiaaiea anao naieo aeaenoaee e eo oeaeue. Eae noanoaioeee iiiaaeu
iacaaeneiu ae?oa io ae?oaa. Iaeiaei ia eciee?iaaiu: a eaaeaeie iiiaaea
io?aaeaaony aanue ie?iaie no?ie, any niaie. iiiaae. O.e. aeaenoaey i. –
yoi oaeaniua aeou, oi iie iiae/eiythony i?e?iaea oaea e o?aaotho iao.
iauyniaiey, o.a. iauyni. /a?ac “aeaenoaothuea i?e/eiu”. A o.e. aeaenoaey
yoe anoue aeaenoaey ?acaeaathuaeny iiiaaeu, oi iie iiae/eiythony
i?e?iaea aeooe, o?aaotho iauyni. i?e iiiiue oeaeaniia?aciinoe, o.a
“eiia/iua”(oeaeaaua) i?e/eiu.
Iiiyoea ?acaeoey o E. i/aiue oe?iei. A i?e?iaea ana iao. a ?acaeoee.
?acaeoea anoue eeoue eciaiaiea ia?aiia/. oi?i iooai aaneiia/ii iaeuo
eciaiaiee (iao ie i?ienoiaeaeaiey ie oie/oiaeaiey). Io?eoeaao aici
nea/eia eee ?ac?uaia iai?a?uaiinoe a ?acaeoee. Aeaeae neea ?acaeoey. A
iii. i?ieno iai?a?. eciaiaiea, auoaeathuaa ec aa aioo?. i?eioeeia.
Aaneii ?aciiia?acea iiiaioia, ?ane?uaathueony a ?acaeoee iiiaaeu, oaeony
a iae ia iaoa?eaeueii, a eeoue eaeaaeueii, o.a. eae i?aaenoaaeaiea. O.i.
neea, eaae. a iniiaa ?acaeoey anao iiiaae anoue neea i?aaenoaaeaiey –
ia?oeaioeee. I?aaenoaaeaiea ia ioiaeaeanoaeyaony n niciaieai. Niciaiea
i?enoua eeoue nouanoao, iaaeaeaiiiio niin. naiiniciaiey – aiia?oeaioee –
/aeiaaeo. O.e. niiniaiinoue i?aaenoaae. i?enoua anai iii, E. aeaeaao
auaiae i oii, /oi i?e?. iaeooaaeaia. Iii.E. ia oieueei iiaeiaea aoiia,
ii e iiaeiaea iee?ii?aaiecia – yoi “naeaoay anaeaiiay”. A oai? ?acaeoey
E aeaao noaio ia?aoiaea iai?a. ie?a a i?aaie/aneee. Iii i?aaenoaaeytho
?ace. nooiaie ?acaeoey, ii?aaeaeyaiua ?ace. a niiniaiinoe
i?aaenoaaeaiey. Ia iecoae nooiaie noiyo iii, iaeaaeathuea oaiiui
i?aaenoaaeaieai (ia ioee/aao i?aaenoaaeyaiiai ie io naay, ie io anaai
inoaeueiiai). Caoai iii n niooiui i?aaenoaaeaieai (ioee/atho io anaai
inoaeueiiai, ii ia io naay). Auno. nooiaiue – io/aoeeaia i?aaenoaaeaiea.
Oeaio? iiiyoea oai?ee E. – iiiyoea i “iaeuo iaoeaioeeyo”, o.a i aaneii
iaeuo ?aciinoyo iaaeaeo nooiaiyie ?acaea niciaiey. Ionthaea E. auaiaeeo,
/oi anyeia ianoiyuaa nino iii. anaaaea: 1. /?aaaoi aoaeoue e 2.
ia?aiaiaii anai aa i?ioeui. Aoae. iii. caeeth/aii oieueei a iae naiie, e
?acaeoea iiaeao ninoiyoue oieueei a iineaaeia. ?acaa?ouaaiee aa ia/.
ninoiyiey.
8. YAIETHOeEss AIAEEENEIAI YIIE?ECIA
AYEII. Ia?aui o., niciaoaeueii iinoaaeaoei ia?aae niaie caaea/o
?ac?aaioee iao/iiai iaoiaea ia iniiaa iao. iiieiaiey i?e?iaeu, aue
O.Ayeii (1561 – 1626). Anoanoaiciaiea – enoeiiay iaoea, a oeceea, iie?.
ia /oanoa iiuo – aaaeiaeoay /anoue anoanoaiciaiey. *oanoaa iaiia?aoeiu e
anoue enoi/iee anyeiai ciaiey. Iaoea anoue iiuoiay iaoea e ninoieo a
i?eiaiaiee ?aoeeii. iaoiaea e /oanoaaiiui aeaiiui. Eiaeoeoeey, aiaeec,
n?aaiaiea, iaaethaeaiea, yenia?eiaio nooue aeaaiua oneiaey ?aoe.
iaoiaea. Aeaaiue o?oae – “Iiaue I?aaiii”. A yoii i?iecaaae A.
niciaoaeueii i?ioeaiiinoaaeyao naia iiieiaiea iaoee e aa iaoiaea oiio
iiieiaieth, ia eio. iniiaai “I?aaiii” A?enoioaey.
A. ?acee/aao 2 aeaea iiuoia: 1. “ieiaeiiiniua” – oeaeue – i?eianaiea
iaiin?. iieuecu /aeiaaeo 2. “naaoiiiniua” – oeaeue ia iaiin?. iieueca, a
iiciaiea caeiiia e naienoa aauae
I?aaeiiueea i?aia?ac iaoee – e?eoeea anae nou noie. e niiiaiea a
enoeiiinoe anaai, /oi aei neo ii? eacaeinue enoeiie. Iaeiaei niiiaiea
eeoue n?aaenoai iaoiaeaeaiey aei?iae e enoeia. Iaaeinoiaa?iinoue
ecaanoiiai aeinaea ciaiey iaoneiaeaia iaiaaeaaeiinoueth oiic?eoaeueiiai
iaoiaea oiicaeeth/aiee e aeieacaoaeuenoaa. Ia?aui oneiaeai ?ao. iaoee
yae. oniaa?oainoaiaaiea iaoiaeia iaiauaiey – eiaeoeoeee. Neaaeothuei
oaaii aeieaeii auoue i/euaiea ?acoia io caaeoaeaeaiee. A. ?acee/aao 4
aeaea oaeeo caae. eee eaeieia – ?iaea, iaua?u, ?uiea , oaao?a.
Aeaaiia oneiaea i?ia?anna ciaiey – niaa?oainoaiaaiea niiniaiinoe
oiicaeeth/aiey, aaaeiaeoae oi?iie eio. yaeyaony i?aaeeueiay eiaeoeoeey.
Aei A. oee, ienaaoea i eiaeoeoeee ia?auaee aieiaiea ia oa neo/ae, eio
iiaeoaa?aeaeatho aeieacuaaaiua eee iaiu. eie iieiaeaiey. A. iiae/a?eioe
cia/aiea oao neo/aaa, eio. ii?iaa?aatho iaiauaiea, i?ioeai?a/ao aio. Yoi
oae iacua. io?eoeaoaeueiua einoaioeee.
EIEE.. Aieueoeinoai oee nenoai iiaiai a?aiaie auaeaeyee 2 iniiaiuo
yoaia: *oanoaaiiia e ?aoeeiiaeueiia. Eo ?ieue e cia/aiea a iioe iiciaiey
ii?aaeaeyeenue?aciuie oee ii ?aciiio. ?aoeeiiaeenou (Aeaea?o, Nieiica,
Eaeaieoe, eaio, aaaaeue) i?eienuaaee ?aoathuaa cia/aiea ?aoe iiciaieth,
ia io?eoeay e cia/ /oanoa iiciaiey a ea/ iaoaiecia nayce ?acoia n ai
ie?ii. Noi?iiieee yiie?ecia n/eoaee /oanoa iiciaiea aeaaiui e aeaaea
aaeeinoaaiui enoi/ieeii ciaiee(Aiaan, Eiee).
Eiee: n naiiai ia/aea iu eiaai ia iaeiie noi?iia aaue, a ia ae? –
/aeiaaea, niaa?oaiii eeoaiiiai ciaiey. Aaue i?e? aicaeaenoaotho ia aai
i?aaiu /oanoa e aucua a i?aaiecia ioaaoioth ?aaeoeeth – nia/aea a aeaea
naiinoiyoaeueii nou iuouaiee. Iineaaeothuaa eiiaeie?iaaiea ?aciiia? iuou
aeaao /ae aini?eyoea i?aaeiaoa a oeaeii. (eiiaeiaoeey aaeiai oeaaoa,
neaaeeinoe e iniaie oi?iu /anoe/ae i?eaiaeeo e aicieeiiaaieth
oeaeinoiiai aini?eyoey naoa?a) Iiiaie?aoii aini?eieiay i?aaei, /aeia
cae?aieyao aini?eyoea a iaiyoe, ii iiaeao i?eiiieiaoue aini?eyoea e
ia?ac a ionoonoaee i?aaeiaoa – oae aicieeaao i?aaenoaaeaiea. O.a iuou,
aini?eyoey, i?aaenoaaeaiey i?aaenoatho a aeaea niaa?oaiii iacaaeneiuo,
iineaaeiaaoaeueii i?eiueaaueo ae?oa e ae?oao ?aaeueiuo yoaiia iiciaa
aeayoaeueiinoe. Iuoeaiea eeoue iaaeno?aeaaaony iaae ?ac e oi?iaie /oanoa
iiciaiey.
THi (1711—1776). Ii iioae aeaeueoa e iineaaeiaaoaeueiaa, /ai Aa?eee.
THi no?oeoo?e?oao iiuo aini?eyoey iuouaiee. Ec /aai ninoieo iiuo? A
iaoai niciaiee iu eiaai aini?eyoey, /oi ca ieie—iaecaanoii,
aini?eyoeyie /aai yaeythony iaoe aini?eyoey? Iu ia iiaeai aunei/eoue ca
iaoa aini?eyoea. Iiaoo auoue aia/aoeaiey, a iiaoo auoue eaeae (a yoii
THi neaaeoao Eieeo: i?inoua e neiaeiua eaeae; i?inoua—aini?eyoea
ea/anoa). Auaaao aieueoay eee iaiueoay noaiaiue yniinoe o aia/aoeaiee; a
i?ioeii e ianoiyuai ?aciay e?ani/iinoue. Ca a?aiaiiie aeenoaioeeae eaeae
(auaoea naaaeea eaeae). Iia?e?oao aiaeaeayie e eaeayie. I?eioeei
?ai?acaioaoeee THia: ethaay noanoaioeey anoue aa?aaao ea/anoa,
i?ienoiaeyueo io iaecaanoiiai ia/oi. THi ia ciaao anoue ee iauaeo ca
aia/aoeaieyie, eee iie aicieeatho naie a niciaiee (oioue iaeioi?ua).
I?eioeei annioeeaoeee—iaoaieci eiiaeie?iaaiey annioeeaoeeyie e
eaeayie. O?e iaoaiecia: ii niaaeiinoe a i?ino?ainoaa (Yeoaeaaa Aaoiy e
Ia?eae), ii noiaenoao e eiio?anoiinoe (ii?o?ao iiaeao iaiiieiaoue aeeaie
iauaeo; ia yoii i?eioeeia ?aaioatho aeanou), annioeeaoeee ii a?aiaiee.
Iu ia eiaai i?aaa aiai?eoue i noanoaioeeyo e i?e/eiiinoe. I?eia?: ea?aai
a aeeeea?ae. Iiiaaeay iu aiai?ei, /oi oi?ioee oaea? noae i?e/eiie
iiiaaeaiey oa?a a eoco. Eiaai i?ino?ainoaaiioth niaaeiinoue, aeaeei
iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue niauoee, aeaeaeaiea ae?oaiai oa?a. Nieioea
anoiaeeo ia Ainoiea, e iu aa?ei, /oi e caao?a iii anoaiao oae aea, aa?ei
a iaeii?iaeiinoue niauoee. Iu naeaeaee yoi caeeth/aiea ia iniiaa
i?eioeeia eiaeoeoeee, ii yoi i/aiue iaaeinoiaa?iue niinia iieo/aiey
eioi?iaoeee. Yoi ineoe/aneay i?eau/ea. THi iieiinoueth i?iaeaiaoece?oao
yoo noi?iio iaoaai iiuoa. Oaeaea ii niio?ae ia noauaeo iiciaiey. Ia
iniiaa /aai iu ciaai i naiai niciaiee? Iaoa niciaiea oaeaea iaoeiaeii
eae e iaoa?ey. Yoi oiaea aa?aeao eaeeo-oi ea/anoa, i?eiaaeeaaeaueo
iaecaanoii /aio. *aeiaae ia?aaeeaaao ?aciua ninoiyiey, ii
noanoaioeeiiaeueiiai ia/aea ia nouanoaoao. Aaea oio eoi ni?aoeaaao: eoi
oaeie ss? Au iinoiyiii naay ioiaeaeaaaoa aeaeueoa. Iiciaoue naiiai naay
iaeuecy, iioiio /oi iu anaaaea ca eaae?ii. *oi iu anoue aiiaua a oeaeii
iaueynieoue naiiio naaa ia aeaii. Aia/aoeaiey i naaa iaiecuaathony eae
ia ooaiao e aeatho iaeia i?aaenoaaeaiea. Ooiee iiciaiey e ai aioo?aiiai
ie?a e ai aiaoiai. Oece/anee iaaiciiaeii ociaoue. Anoue aia/aoeaiey e
eaeae. Aa?eee e THi e?eoeeiaaee oai?eth iauanoaaiiiai aeiaiai?a. Aa?eee
iai?eo i nae?aeueiinoe aeanoe (a?aaeia oai?ey, aaea aiai?eony /oi
aeanoue io Aiaa). THi no?aieeny iieacaoue ooiieci yoie oai?ee, ii n/eoae
/oi aeanoue yoi ?acoeueoao ianeeey iaeiie a?oiiu ethaeae iaae ae?oaeie.
THi ioeacuaaaony i?eciaoue enoiaeioth aeaiiinoue ?aeeaee. I?iecaaaeaiea:
“Anoanoaaiiay enoi?ey ?aeeaee”. Yaiethoeey ?aeeaeiciiai niciaiey:
eaeieiiieeiinoai, oaoeoeci, iieeoaeci, iiiioaeci. I?e/eia aicieeiiaaiey
?aeeaee a no?aoa e iaaeaaeaeaethaeae. *aeiaa/aneia niciaiea aeieaeii
?acaeoueny, /oiau nicaeaoue iiiioaenoe/aneoth eaeath.
9. Nioeeaeueiay O. O?aioeocneiai i?inaauaiey.
(Aieueoa?, ?onni, Aieueaao)
Iaeaieaa aeoa neaae a ?ani?ino?aiaiee eaeae i?inaauaiey inoaaeee
Aieueoa?, ?onni e o?aioeocneea iaoa?-ou. A oa/aiea iiiaeo aeanyoeeaoee
Aieueoa? aue iuneeoaeai aeoi, ii aaniiuaaeii e?eoeeiaae iaaaaeanoai,
aeooiaainoai, ii ianoaeaae /oiau o?aioeocu i?eiauaeenue e ciaieyi,
iaoea. Aieueoa? ia aue aoaenoii ii aiai?ee, /oi aia ana naeaeae e
aeeciue ethaeae ii?aaeaeyaony eo aeayieai. Iie aeieaeiu ai?ioueny n oaie
eoi ?ani?ino?aiyao eiaeue, noaaa?ea. Ii aiai?ee “?acaeaaeoa yoo
aaaeeio”, eiay a aeaeo eaoiee/aneoth oea?eiaue. Ii aiai?ee, anee au ia
auei aiaa, aai iaaei auei au auaeoiaoue.
AE.AE. ?onni oiaea i?inaaoeoaeue ii ii iieaaae, /oi eneonnoai e iaoea,
eae e aiiaua oeeaeeecaoeey e eoeueoo?a ia naeaeaee ethaeae aieaa
n/anoeeauie. ?onni aiai?ee /oi a i?ioei nouanoaiaae anoanoaaiiue
/aeiaae, eioi?ue ioee/aeny naiei oiii.
Aiaan aiai?ee, /oi /aeiaae aeia?, /oi ii aeeaao na?aeoeai e yoi iooue e
aiao. ?acoiii aiaa ia iiiyoue. ?onni n aiaaii ia?ooeeny ia aoaenoia e
aiai?ee /oi ii na?aeoeai /oanoaoao aiaa. Yoi iiceoeey ia ?acoia, iie ia
i?eieiatho aeie-oaa e ?annoae-y, aiai?yo /oi iao “ca” e “i?ioea” aiaa,
yoi aia ?acoia, yoi ?aeeaey na?aeoea. Ii ?onni /aeiaae iia au aeeoue
n/anoeeai, ii aai enii?oeea oeeaeeecaoeey, e a eiia/iii n/aoa iiaeao aai
iiaoaeoue. O.i. ec ono ?onni i?icao/ae eee/ “Iacaae e ia?aiauoiiio
iauanoao”. Aieueoa? cayaee, /oi i?i/eoaa ?onni aio caoioaeinue anoaoue
ia /aoaa?aiueee e oaaaeaoue a ean. ?. ia oae i?ino eae aai i?aaenoaaeye
A, ? ia o?aaiaae iieiiai aica?aoa e noa?iio, ii aeaeae a /anoiie
nianoaaiiinoe aeaaiiai a?aaa aeia?iaeaoaee. ? cayaeyao “io neieueeeo au
aaaenoaee nian ?acoiiue /aeiaae iauanoai, aua?ineaoee eieuey /anoiie
nianoaaiiinoe”.? aeaeae noaiiaeaiea /anoiie nianoaaiiinoe eae
caeiiiia?iinoue e ia aiai?ee, /oi /anoioth nianoaaiiinoue ioaeii
ioa?ineoue, ii aiai?ee, /oi e?oiiie /anoiie nianoaaiiinoe ia ae.a. Ii
o?aaiaae, /oi au caiey ia?aoea a ?oee e?anoueyinoaa, ii ionoaeaae
o?aaieoaeueiua eaeae. Aua O Ayeeii oiio?aaee au?aaeaiea ii iiaiaeo
/anoiie nianoaaiiinoe ia caieth: “E?oiiay /anoiay nianoaaiiinoue ia
caieth i?eiineo ia?iiue a?aae: anee ia iaeiii ianoa auaaeeoue iaaic –
yoi a?aae, a anee ?aaiiia?ii ?aca?inaoue oi aoaeao iieueca, oae e caiey
– anee ia?aeaeao a /ano niano iaeiiai eaoeooiaeenoa aoaeao oieueei cei”.
Noiye aii?in eae nio?aieoue iaeeoth /anoioth nianoaaiiinoue ia caieth?
Yoi neiaei aii?in e ? yoi iiieiae, /oi aoaeao ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiea caiee a
iieueco e?oiiuo aeaaeaeueoeaa. ? ?acaeaaao eaeath ?anioaeeee, ii noie ca
eiiioiu. Oi?aaeyoueny eiiioiu aeieaeiu aiai?iuie eeoeaie. Eaaeaeue
iiaeao i?eiyoue o/anoea a auai?ao. Ii ? yoi aiciiaeii eeuue aeey
iaaieueoiai ?aaeiia, aaea ethaee iiaoo ciaoue auae?aaiiai. ? i?aaeeaaaao
nicaeaaaoue i?aaenoaaeoaeueiua i?aaiu aeanoe, eioi?ua aeieaeiu auae?aoue
oeaio?aeueioth aeanoue. O.i. ? i?aaeeaa-o ?aoeoue i?ia-io ain ono?i-aa.
Eaeae ? auee aeinooiiu e ?aa-oeey i?ioiaeeea iiae aai eicoiaaie e
ii?aaeaiea ?aa-oeee – iieacaoaeue neaainoe eaeae ?. Ii ? aiceaaae
aieueoia cia/aiea ia caiaaeioth Aa?iio.O?aioeocneea iaoa?-ou XVIII a
Aeeae?i, Aieueaao, Aaeueaaoeee, Eiiao?e. Iie ia ieacaee aeoaieiai
aeeyiey ia ?aa-oeeth, ii eo ?aaiou eiatho oeaiiinoue a oii, /oi iie
aeaee aeinoao-a iainiia-a iaoa?-ia ia oio ia?eiae. Iniiaa-eue Aeeae?i,
ia?aue nicaeaoaeue yioeeeeiiaaeee. Ii i?eoyaeaae e naaa ethaeae anao
neiaa iau-aa. Nenoai-ii iaoa?-eo eaeae aue Aieueaao, eio-e iineaae-ii
ecei-e i?eioeeiu iaoa?-ia. A aia-e /oi nou-ao oieueei i?e?iaea. Aanue
ie? iaoa?-ai, noua-ea iioonoi?iiiaai e aiaa yoi oieueei auaeoiea,
?aeeaey ea?aao io?eoeao-th ?ieue. O?ai iaoa?-ou auee i?ioea-ie ?aeeaee,
ii aieueoa ai?ieenue n oea?e-ie i?aai-ae /ai n eaeayie, eai niio?aee ia
?aee-th eae ia ano?a/o aeo?aea n iaiaiueeii. Aiai?y i i?e-aea O?ai
iao-ou iiiei-ee aa eae iaoa?-ia aauanoai e i?eaea?-nue aoiienoe/aneiai
ie?iaic?aiey, aeaey i?e?iaeo ia iae?i e iee?i, iieiaa /oi nou-ao
ia?aiaau-ai. O?ai iaoa?-ou iieaaaee /oi ia?aiaau-ai yoi nia-oue aoii-a,
ei?ioneiea, eioi?ay eiaao nai-aa e iaoea iaeaeao eo, /oi iicaieeo iaeoe
iiaeeaiiia iauyniaiea i?e?iaeu. Iae?ioaea aicieeatho e ?aniaaeathony, a
ia?aioaea aa/iu. Aeey O iaoa?-a aeaeaeaiea – yoi niinia nouano-ey
iaoa?-uo aauae, ii iie ciaee iaeii aeaeaeaiea – ia?aiauaiea oae a
i?ino?ainoaa. Aeaeaeaiea ii iei aaniethoii, a iieie ioiineoaeai.
Niciaiea – ooieoeey iicaa. Yoi iieiaeaiea i?ioea a?oaiai eaeaaeecia e
aaieiaecia, eioi?ue i?eciaao anaiauoth iaeooaaeaiiinoue i?e?iaeu. Ii
?aoeoue i?iaeaio /aeiaaea iie ia iiaee, ioeoaea /aeiaae? O iaoa?-ou
neeiiyeenue /oi /aeiaae nouanoaiaae aa/ii, e nouanoaothuea i?e?iaeiua
oneiaey aeatho /aeiaaeo aiciiaeiinoue aeeoue. Iie aiai?eee /oi /aeiaae
aeeaao ii caeiio i?e?iaeu, o /aeiaaea anoue iio?aaiinoe eioi?ua aa/iu, e
n/anouea ii?aaeaeyaony oaeiaeaoai?aieai iio?aaiinoae. Anee ii ian/anoai,
oi /aeiaaeo iaaycaee ia anoanoaaiiua iio?aaiinoe. Iie ooaa?aeaeaee, /oi
anee /aeiaaeo iauynieoue aai iio?aaiinoe, oi ii aoaeao n/anoeea. Iie
?acee/aee 1) anoanoaaiiua i?aaa (i?aai ia aeeciue, ia naiaiaeo, ia
n/anouea), naiaiaea caeeth/aaony a auai?a n?aaenoa aeinoeaeaiey n/anouey
e aaaeiia n?aaenoai – yoi o?oae, e ethaee io i?e?iaeu ia ?aaiu,
neaaeiaaoaeueii ia iiaeao auoue nioeeaeueiiai ?aaainoaa, yoi e oi?ioi
oae eae nioe-ia ia?aaainoai noeioee?oao ethaeae oyiooueny ca aieaa
ninoiyoaeueiuie, ec ia?aaainoaa neaaeoao /oi o?oae ia iaeeiaeiai
yooaeoeaai, anoue aeoiua e oiiua e o.ae. Aiaaonoai ae.a. iniiaaii ia
o?oaea (ia aieia, ia iaiai e o i ). Aiaaoua aeieaeiu caaioeoueny i
aaaeiuo.
2) a?aaeaeaineea i?aaa, eioi?ua iicaieytho ethaeyi niaa?oaoue
ii?aaeaeaiiua aeaenoaey.
10. E?eoe/aneay oeeinioey Eaioa.
Eiiaioee Eaio ?iaeeeny a 1724a a Eaieenaa?aa. Caeanue aea o/eeny, noae
?aeoi?ii oieaa?neoaoa , ienae naie o?oaeu e oia? a 1804. Ii aue ia
oieueei oee, ii oaeaea e?oiiui o/aiui a iae anoanoaiciaiey. I?aiiaeaaae.
Oee ?acaeoea E. aeaeeony ia 2 ia?eiaea. A ia?a. ia?eiae (aei ia/. 70-o
aa) iuoaeny ?aoaoue o i?iae – i auoee, oee i?e?iaeu, ?aeeaee, yoeee,
eiaeee enoiaey ec oaaaeaeaiey, /oi o. i.a. ?ac?aaioaia e iainiiaaia eae
oiic?eoaeueiay iaoea. (aac ia?au e iiuoiui aeaiiui)
Ai 2-e ia? (e?eoe/aneee) iuoaao ny no?iai ioaeaeeoue yaeaiey io aauae a
naaa. Iineaaeiea ia iiaoo auoue aeaiu a iiuoa. Aaue iaiiciaaaaiu. Iu
iici. eeoue yaeaiey eee oio niinia, eio. yoe aaue a naaa aeaenoaotho ia
ian. Yoi o/aiea – aaiinoeoeeci. Eaio iacuaae aai “e?eoeeie ?acoia”. Yoi
o/aiea ia?aie/eaaao ?acoi, iineieueeo iii ioeacuaaao aio a iiciaiee
nouiinoe aauae. ?acaeaay yoo e?eoeeo Eaio iuoaeny 1. auynieoue enoi/ieee
?acee/iiai aeaea ciaiee – iao/iiai e oeeinioneiai 2. auynieoue ia /ai
iniiauaaaony aeinoiaa?iinoue ciaiee. 3. enneaaeiaaoue oi?iu e eaoaai?ee
iao/iiai iuoeaiey…
O/aiea “E?eo oee” noi?ie?iaaeinue e ia/aeo 80-o aa. Iii eceiaeaii a
o?aeo. “ E?eoeea /enoiai ?acoia” – 81, “E?eoeea i?aeoe/aneiai ?acoia” –
88 e “E?eoeea niiniaiinoe noaeaeaiey” – 90. (oai? iiciaiey, yoeea e
ynoaoeea (o/aiea i oeaeaniia?. a i?e?iaea) niioaaonoaaiii)
Iiciaiea ia/eiaaony n oiai, /oi “aaue a naaa” aicae. ia iaoe i?aaiu
/oanoa e aucua iuouaiey. Yoi eiia/ii iaoa?eaeeci. Ii aeaeueoa E. –
eaeaaeeno. Eaeaaeeci ninoieo a oaaaeaeaiee, /oi ie iuouoiae iaoae
/oanoaaiiinoe, ie iiiyoey e noaeae. iaoaai ?annoaeea, ie iiiyoey ?acoia
ia iiaoo aeaoue iai oai?ao. ciaiey i “aauao a naaa” (aan). Aeinoiaa?iia
ciaiea nou – yoi iaoaiaoeea e anoanoaiciaiea. Enoeiu yoeo iaoe anaiauea
e iaiaoiaeeiua. Ii yoi ia anoue ciaiea i aan, a oieueei i naienoaao aau.
e eio. i?eeiaeeiu oi?iu iaoaai niciaiey: iuou, iiiyoey. Aan
i?eioeeieaeueii iaiiciaaaaiu.
O/aiea i ciaiee. Iie?aaony ia oai?eth noaeaeaiey. Ciaiea anaaaea au?aae
a oi?ia noaeaeaiey, a eio iuneeony anycue iaaeaeo aeaoiy iiiyoeyei –
noauaeoaie e i?aaeeeaoaie noaeaeaiey. Nou 2 aeaea yoie nayce. A iaeieo
noaeaeaieyo i?aaeeeao ia aeaao iiaiai ciaiey i i?aaei n?aaieoaeueii n
oai ciaieai, eio oaea iuneeony a noauaeoa. Yoi aiaeeoe/aneea oaeaeaiey.
I?eia?: ana oaea eiatho i?ioyaeaiey (i?aaeeeao – eiatho i?io)
Anee i?aaeeeao ia auaiaeeony ec noauaeoa, a niaaeeiyaony n noa., oi yoi
neoaoe/aneea noaeaeaiey. I?: iaeioi?ua oaea oyaeaeu. Anoue 2 eeanna neio
noaeaeaiee. 1. naycue i?aaeeeaoa n n. iuneeony iioiio, /oi
iaia?oaeeaaaony a iiuoa (iae eaaaaee /a?iu) – aiinoa?ei?iua 2.yoa naycue
ia iiaeao iniia ia iiuoa.Iia iuneeony eae naycue, i?aaeoanoa iiuoo e
iacaaenyu io iaai – ai?ei?iua noaeaeaiey.( ana, /oi neo/aaony eiaao
i?e/eio). Ai?. noaeaeaieyi E. i?eaeaao a. cia/aiea. Aii?in i ai?ei?i.
neio noaeaeaieyo ii noaaeo a neaae oi?ia: 1. eae aici oaeea noaeaeaiey a
iaoai 2.eae aici iie a oai?ao anoanoaiciaiee 3.aiciiaeiu ee iie a
iaoaoeceea. ?aoaiea yoeo aii?. ii naycuaaao n enneaaeia. 3 iniiaiuo
niiniaiinoae iiciaiey: /oanoaaiiinoe, ?annoaeea, ?acoia.
*oanoaaiiia iiciaiea. Aii?in i aici ai?. neio noaeaeaiee a iaoai E ?anni
a o/aiee i oi?iao /oanoaaiiiai iiciaiey.. Ii E ye-ou iaoai ciaiey – ia
iiiyoey, a iaaeyaeiua i?aaenoaaeaiey. A noaeae. iaoai neioac noauaeoa n
i?aaeee iniiauaaaony eeai ia /oanoa nica?oeaiee i?ino?ainoaa, eeai
a?aiaie. I?ino?ainoai – ai?ei?iay oi?ia aiaoiaai /oanoa nica?oeaiey
(a?aiy – aioo?aiiaai), /oi e i?eaeaao nica?oe. i?ino?. eo aaconeiaioth
anaiauiinoue e iaiaoiaeeiinoue.
O.i. o E i?ino? e a?aiy ia?anoatho auoue oi?iaie nou aauae. Iie
noaiiayony ai?ei?iuie oi?iaie iaoae /oanoaaiiinoe.
Ai?ei?iua oi?iu ?annoaeea. Oneiaeai aici ai?. neio noaeae a oai?ao
anoanoaiciaiee yae eaoaai?ee. Yoi iacaaeneiua io iinoaaeyaiiai iiuoii
niaea?aeaiey iiiyoey ?annoaeea, iiae eio ?annoaeie iiaeaiaeeo anyeia
niaea?ae, iieo/aaiia ec iiuoa. O.a. eaoaai?e ia oi?iu auoey, a iiiyoey
?annoaeea. Yoi oieueei oi?iu, iiae eio ?annoaeie iiaeaiaeeo
aeinoaaeyaiue /oanoaaiiinoueth iaoa?eae. Eaoaai?ee ai?ei?iu. Ii E ie
iuou ie iiiyoey naie ia aeatho ciaiey. Iuou aac iiiyoee- neaiu, a
iiiyoey aac iuou – ionou. Ciaiea anoue neioac iuou n iiiyoeyie.
Aicieeaao aii?in: eaeei ia? ?aciiia?acea /oanoa nica?oeaiee i?aa?
iin?aaenoaii ai?ei?iuo oi?i a aaeeinoai? Oneiaeai oaeiai aaeeinoaa
ninoieo a aaeeinoaa naiiniciaiey.
Ia yoeo iniiaao ?ac?aaioae ioaao ia aii?in i aiciiaeiinoe oai?ao
anoanoaiciaiey. A iniiaa anao noaeae anoanoa iaoe eaaeao iauea e
iaiaoiaeeiua caeiiu. Iao/iui ciaieai i?aaei e yaeaiey iaoe iiaoo auoue
i?e oneiaee, anee ?annoaeie iuneeo i?aaeiaou e yae eae iiae/eiaiiua 3
caeiiai: 1 nio?aiaiey noanoaioeee 2.i?e/eiiinoe e 3.acaeiiaeaenoaey
noanoaioeee. Yoe cae. i?eiaaeeaaeao ia naiie i?e?iaea a oieueei iaoaio
?acoio. Iaoa niciaiea naii no?ieo i?aaeiao ia a oii niunea, /oi iii
ii?iaeaeaao aai eee aeaao aio auoea, a a oii, /oi iii i?eaeaao
iiciaaaaiiio i?aaei oo oi?io, iiae eio ii oieueei e iiaeao iiciaaaoueny
– oi?io anaiauaai e iaiaoiae ciaiey. O.a. ia oi?iu iaoaai oia
niia?acothony n aau i?e?, a iai?ioea, aaue i?e? – n oi?iaie oia.
Ionthaea auaiae , /oi aaue naie ii naaa iaiiciaaaaiu. Ie oi?iu
/oanoaaiiinoe, ie eaoaai?ee ?annoaeea, ie yoe 3 caeiia ia ninoaae
ii?aaeaeaiey naieo aauae a naaa. I?e?iaea eae i?aaeiao anaiauaai e iaiao
ciaiey no?ieony naiei niciaieai.
Yoeea. I?ioeai?a/ea iaiaoiaeeiinoe e naiaiaeu – ia ianoiyuaa: /ae
iinooiaao iaiaoiaeeii a iaeiii ioiioaiee e naiaiaeii a ae?oaii.
Iaiaoiaeeii, oae eae /ae anoue yaeaiea n?aaee ae? yae i?e? e a yoii
ioiio iiae/eiai iaiaoiaeeiinoe. Ii /ae oaeaea e i?aanoaaiiia nou,
noauaeo i?aanoaaiiiai niciaiey. Eae i?aanoa nou /ae i?eiaaeeaaeeo e ie?o
oiiiinoeaaaiuo aan. E a yoii ea/anoaa ii naiaiaeai. I?aanoa. caeii E
iiieiaao eae aaconeiaiia i?aaeienaiea eee “eaoaai?e/aneee eiia?aoea.”
C-i yoio o?aaoao, /iau eaaeaeue iinooiae oae, /oiau i?aaeei aai ee/iiai
iiaaaeaiey iiaei noaoue i?aa aeey anao. Iinooiie i.a. ii?aeueiui oieueei
anee ii niaa?o ec oaaaeaey e i?aano c-io.
E no?aieeny ineaaeoue caaeneiinoue yoeee io aa?u. Ii ooaa?aeaeaao, /oi
ia i?aanoaaiiinoue iniiaaia ia ?aeeaee, a iaiai?io. Iiuo iieac, /oi
iaaeaeo ii? eee aii? iiaaaeaieai /ae e aai n/anoueai ia nou
iaiaoiaeeiiai niioaaonoaey. I?ioeai?a/ea iaaeaeoii? iiaaae /ae e
?acoeueoaoii yoiai iiaaaeaiey a yiie? aeecie ia ie?eony n iaoei
i?aanoaaiiui niciaieai, eio o?aaoao ni?aaaaeeeaiai niioaaonoaey. Ia
iaoiaey aai a ie?a yaeaee, i? niciaiea auioaeaeaii aa?eoue, aoaeoi niioa
inou a ie?a “oiiiinoeaaaiii”. Nou iiiyoee eae naiaiaea, aannia?oea e aia
iauyni ii E. aa?ie a “oiiiinoea” ie?. Eo auoea ia anoue enoeia,
aeieacoaiay oai?aoe/anee, ii anoue iaiao iinooeao eee o?aaiaaiea
“i?aeoe/aneiai ?acoia”.
11. Nenoaia e iaoiae Aaaaey.
Aunoei aeinoeaeaieai iaiaoeeie eeanne/aneie oeeinioee yaeyeanue
aeeaeaeoeea Aaaaey (1770-1831). aaeeeay caneoaa eioi?iai ninoieo a oii,
/oi ii aia?aua i?aaenoaaee aanue i?e?iaeiue, enoi?e/aneee e aeooiaiue
ie? a aeaea i?ioeanna, o.a. a aani?a?uaiii aeaeaeaiee, eciaiaiee,
i?aia?aciaaiee e ?acaeoee, e naeaeae iiiuoeo ?ane?uoue aioo?aiithth
naycue yoiai aeaeaeaiey e ?acaeoey… cia/aiea oeeinioee Aaaaey
caeeth/aeinue a oii, /oi a iae a nenoaiaoe/aneie oi?i/a auei eceiaeaii
aeeaeaeoe/aneia ie?iiiieiaiea e niioaaonoaothuee aio aeeaeaeoe/aneee
iaoiae enneaaeiaaiey. Aaaaeue ?ac?aaaouaae aeeaeaeoeeo eae oeeinioneoth
iaoeo, iaiauathuoth anth enoi?eth iiciaiey e enneaaeothuoth iaeaieaa
iauea caeiiiia?iinoe ?acaeoey iauaeoeaiie aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe. A
iniaaiiinoe aea Aaaaeue no?aieeny enneaaeiaaoue e ananoi?iiia
iainiiaaoue aaaeiaeoea i?eioeeiu aeeaeaeoe/aneiai niiniaa iuoeaiey, a
ei?ia i?ioeaiiieiaeiiai iaoaoeceea. Iiaeaa?aioa aeoaieie e
iniiaaoaeueiie e?eoeea iaoaoece/aneee iaoiae, Aaaaeue noi?ioee?iaae,
i?aaaea a eaeaaeenoe/aneie oi?ia, caeiiu e eaoaai?ee aeeaeaeoeee.
Eaoaai?ee ea/anoaa e eiee/anoaa. Ea/anoai yoi oi, aac /aai iauaeo
nouanoaiaaoue ia iiaeao. Eiee/anoai aac?acee/ii e iauaeoo, ii aei
ii?aaeaeaiiiai i?aaeaea. Eiee/anoai iethn ea/anoai anoue ia?a. O?e
caeiia aeeaeaeoeee (nooue enoi?ee ?acaeoey). 1. Caeii ia?aoiaea
eiee/anoaaiiuo ioiioaiee a ea/anoaaiiua (i?e eciaiaiee eiee/anoaaiiuo
ioiioaiee iinea ii?aaeaeaiiie noaaeee i?ienoiaeeo eciaiaiea ea/anoaa
ec-ca ia?ac?ooaiey ia?u). 2. Caeii iai?aaeaiey ?acaeoey (io?eoeaiea
io?eoeaiey). Aieia io?eoeaiea – ia/oi eaeouaa iinea aeaiiiai iauaeoa,
iieiinoueth aai oie/oiaeathuaa. Aeeaeaeoe/aneia io?eoeaiea: nio?aiyaony
ia/oi io ia?aiai iauaeoa – aini?iecaaaeaiea yoiai iauaeoa, ii a ae?oaii
ea/anoaa. Aiaea – eaae. Niieioeoue ca?ii – aieia io?eoeaiea, iinaaeeoue
ca?ii – aeeaeaeoe/aneia io?eoeaiea. ?acaeoea i?ienoiaee ii nie?aee. 3.
Caeii aaeeinoaa e ai?ueau i?ioeaiiieiaeiinoae. I?ioeai?a/ea iaaeaeo
oi?iie e niaea?aeaieai, aiciiaeiinoueth e ?aaeueiinoueth. I?e/eia
?acaeoey – aaeeinoai e ai?ueaa i?ioeaiiieiaeiinoae. Yoi i?enoua aeooo.
Ecia/aeueii oiaeaeanoai, ii iioaioeeaeueii oaeo ?acee/ea. Oiaeaeanoai –
?acee/ea – i?ioeaiiieiaeiinoue. I?ioeaiiieiaeiinoe acaeiiaeaenoaotho, oi
anoue ai?thony. Ai?ueaa aaaeao e o?ai enoiaeai: acaeiiia oie/oiaeaiea,
eeethieiaoeey iaeiie ec noi?ii eee eiii?iienn.
Enoiaey ec aeeaeaeoe/aneiai iieiaeaiey i aaeeinoaa nouiinoe e yaeaiey,
Aaaaeue ioaa?a eaioianeia o/aiea i iaiiciaaaaiinoe “aaue a naaa”; a
i?e?iaea aauae iao ieeaeeo iai?aiaeieeiuo i?aa?aae aeey iiciaiey. “Ana
/oi ?acoiii – aeaenoaeoaeueii, a ana /oi aeaenoaeoaeueii – ?acoiii”.
Aaniethoiue eaeaaeeci Aaaaey caeeth/aaony a auiina anae i?e/eiu aiaia.
Nouanoaotho o?e noaaeee ?acaeoey aaniethoa: 1. noauaeoeaiue aeoo
(o?iaaiue eiaeeaeaea), 2. iauaeoeaiue aeoo, 3. aaniethoiue aeoo.
Aanietho yaeyaony a yoeo o?ao eiinoanyo.
Anth ie?iaoth enoi?eth Aaaaeue ?acaeaeye ia o?e iniiaiua yiioe:
ainoi/ioth, aioe/ioth e aa?iaineoth.
12. AIO?IIIEIAE*ANEEE I?EIOeEI OAEA?AAOA
Iineaaeiei aaeeeei i?aaenoaa eeann iai oee aue E.Oaa?aao (1804 –
1872). Inoaeaeay eaeaaeeno ieeiaaiea iuoeaiey eae aiai?e?iaeiie e
naa?o/ae nouiinoe, O i?eoiaeeo e auaiaeo, /oi aii?in ia ioiio auoey e
iuoe anoue aii?in i nouiinoe /aeiaaea, eai iuneeo eeoue /ae. Neaaeia
oee.,iineieueeo iia ?ao aii?in ia ioiio iuoe e auoeth, aeieaeia auoue
aio?iiieiaeae, o.a. o/aieai i /ae, a nouanoaiaaiee, a aeayo eioi?iai
yoio aii?in iaoiaeeo naia oaeoe/aneia, ?aaeueiia ?aoaiea.
*ae iaioaeaeei io i?e?iaeu; iuoeaiea anoue iaiaoiaeeiia au?aaeaiea
i?enouae aio aeie, oeceieia. aeayoaeueiinoe. O. Aio?iiieiaey O oeacua ia
aai no?aieaiea ?ac?aaioaoue iaoa? neno acaeyaeia. Nouanoaaiiui
niaea?aeaieai e iacia/. aio?iiieia. i?eioeeia yaeyaony ii O. iao/iia
enoieeiaaiea iauanoaaiiiai niciaiey, a eio ii aeaeeo io?aaeaiea nouiinoe
/ae. Yoa nouiinoue ii O i?aaeaea anaai /oanoaaiiay aeeciue oia e
na?aeoea, iiiaiia?acea ia?aaeea eiaeeaeaea. ?a/ue eaeao neaaeia i oii,
/oiau ?anniao?eaaoue ?ace oi?iu iau niciaiey (e ?aeeaeth) n oi/ee c?aiey
caee. a iae aeeciaiiiai niaea?aeaiey.
Iniiaie aio?iiie O yaeyaony iao o/aiea i i?e?iaea. I?e? yae
aaeeinoaaiiie ?aaeueiinoueth, a /ae aa aunoei i?iaeoeoii. A /ae e
aeaaiaea?y aio i?e? iuouaao naay, nica?oeaao naay, iuneeo i naaa.
I?e?iaea aa/ia. Aicieeiiaaiea e oie/oiaeaiea ioiinyony oiueei e
ioaeaeueiui yaeaieyi. I?e? aaneiia/ia a i?ino?ainoaa. O. ionoaeaaao
iieiaeaiea i ia?ac?uaiie nayce iaoa?ee e aeaeaeaiey. Iaeiaei ia
oeacuaaao ia ea/anoaaiiia iiiaiia?acea oi?i aeaeae. iaoa?ee, ia eo
acaeiiia?aoiaeo. Oeaeaniia?aciinoue a aeea e ?ano ie?a i?aaenoaaeyao
niaie ia ?-o ?aaeecaoeee aioo?aiia i?enouae yae oeaee, a neaaenoaea
aaeeinoaa iao ie?a. O.i ii ia io?eoeaao iauaeo oeaeaniia?aciinoe a aeea
i?e?iaea, ii i?aa oeacuaaao ia aa ioiineoaeueiinoue.
O.i o. o/aiea i i?e?iaea a oeaeii ia auoiaeeo ca ?aiee iaoao
iaoa?eaeecia. O i?eciaao aaaeioth iiciaa ooieoeeth oai?ao iuoeaiey e aai
niiniaiinoe aeinoe/ue aieaa aeoaieiai iiciaiey aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe.
Caaea/a iuoeaiey – niae?aoue, n?aaieaaoue ?acee/aoue, eeanneoeoee?iaaoue
/oanoa aeaiiua, iniciaaaoue, iiieiaoue, iaia?oaeeaaoue eo ne?uoia,
iaiin?aaenoaaiii ia yaeythuaany niaea?aeaiea. Iuoeaiea iineo
iiin?aaeiaaiiue oa?-oa?, iiyoiio oi, i /ai iu iuneei, ia anaaaea yae
iauaeoii iaiin?aaenoa aini?eyoey.
13. Aiethioa?eci Oiiaiaaoy?a e i?ia?aiia ia?aioeaiee anao oeaiiinoae
Ieoeoa.
Oiiaiaaoy? iuoaeny eiieo?e?iaaoue n Aaaaeai e iacia/ae /anu eaeoeee
iaeiia?aiaiii n iei, ii nooaeaiou oee ia eaeoeee Aaaaey, ianiio?y ia oi
/oi eaeoeee /eoae ooaea. Ii iaienae eieao “Ie? eae aiey e
i?aaenoaaeaiea”. I?e aeecie iia ecaeaaaeanue aeaaaeaeu, ii ia eiaea
oniaoa. Oieueei iinea nia?oe ii noae iaeaieaa /eoaaiui iuneeoaeai e
Aaaaeue aio ia niia?iee. Oiiaiaaoy? iooaeeeaaaony io Eaioa io aai “aaue
a naaa”. N o c? Eaioa aiey — yoi aauue a naaa, ii a ioee/ee io ae?oaeo
aauae a naaa, iia ?ane?uaaaony, noaiiaeony aeinooiiie /aeiaaeo, eai
au?aaeaieai /aeiaaea yaeyaony aai oaeaniia iiaaaeaiea, eioi?ia
iiaeaa?aeaii aiee /aeiaaea e ii Oiiaiaaoy?o ana aaue yoi anoue
au?aaeaiea aiee. Ie? au?aaeaiea ie?iaie aiee, eioi?ay a naiae nouiinoe
cea. Oiiaiaaoy? y?eee ianneieno, aai iniiaiay eaeay: aeeciue ethaeae –
nieioiia no?aaeaiea, nieioiay aieue, /aeiaae ia ia /oi ia iiaeao
iaaeayoueny, ionthaea aai aeaeaiea o?acaoue naie aeaeaiey e i?eiyoue
aoaeaeeci. Ii iaeiei ec ia?auo i?eiye Ie?aaio, o/aiea i iinoaiaiiii
ioeaca io aeaeaiee. Ii a aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe ii ethaee oi?ioi iianoue e
?acaea/ueny.
Ieoeoa n iaeiie noi?iiu i?iaeieaeaao o?aaeeoeeth ia/aooth Ea?oeai?ii,
eioi?ue ia/ae aoaeo ia ?acoi e iaoeo, Oiiaiaaoy? i?iaeieaeee, ii
?iaeiia/aeueieeii yaeyaony Ieoeoa, eioi?ue a ioee/ee io Eaioa, Aaaaey,
Oaea?aaoa ia i?aoaiaeoao ia nicaeaiea neeueiie e ia i?ioeai?a/eaie
oeeinioee.
Ieoeoa iaeaaeae oi?ioae eeoa?aoo?iie iiaeaioiaeie. Ieoeoa i?eaeiaeai e
oai, /oi ii auno?i iieo/ee caaiea i?ioanni?a, ii i?aiiaeaaaoaeuenoai aai
ia oaeaeei, ii nioae n oia e 12 eao i?iaae a ineoaieueieoea. Oeeinioey
Ieoeoa – yoi oeeinioey aeecie, e nicaeaieth eioi?ie iiaeoieeioea oai?ey
Aea?aeia ia yaiethoeee aeeaioiuo e ?anoaiee, eioi?ay aace?oaony ia
auaeeaaiee neeueiaeoaai, iaeaieaa i?eniiniaeaiiiai.
Ieoeoa auae?aao iauaeoii e?eoeee ?acoi, iaoeo, i?aanoaaiiinoue,
o?enoeaineoth ?aeeaeth. Ii aunooiaao eae aieinoaothuee aioe aeaiie?ao, n
aai o c? yeeoa yoi neeueiua e aieinoaothuea ethaee. O i aieueoay /anoue
ianaeaiey – yoi iecoea, iaiieiioeaiiua, eioi?uo iiaeii aeiaeaeaoue i?e
iiiiue aieiu. Iaeie n/eoaee Ieoeoa eioa?aniui iuneeoaeai, eioi?ue
i?iaicaeanee ia?aioeaieo oeaiiinoae, a ae?oaea n/eoatho /oi Ieoeoa
i?aaeoa/a iaiaoeeiai oaoecia. Ieoeoa ia aue aieinoaothuei
iaoeeiiaeenoii, ii ia i?iaicaeaoae iaioeaa aunoae iaoeeae, ii ii Ieoeoa
“aaeieo?ay aanoey” (ii?aee/aneay iaoeey) aeieaeia ooaa?aeeoue naay,
ia?aaeaeaoue ie?, inaiaiaeea /aeiaa/anoai io ioa?inia (eaoiia, o?onia e
o i). Ieoeoa aiai?eo /oi aeey yoiai aeieaeia noi?ie?iaaoueny
eioa?iaoeeiiaeueiay yeeoa, ii ec ii?aee/aneie ?anu. O i, eaeae Ieoeoa
aiieia niaianoeiu n oaoenoneei oeaea ono?aieaieai. Iiyoiio oi?aee a
aae?an Ieoeoa aiieia caneoaeeaatho aieiaiey. Ieoeoa aiai?eo, /oi ?acoi
aiciiiee naay ainiiaeeiii ie?a, i?e?iaeu, niune eiaao oieueei aeaaeaea
aeecie eioi?ay aeieaeia ni/aoaoueny n aieae aeanoe. Ieoeoa
io?eoeaoaeueii ioiineoueny e o?enoeaineie ?aeeaee, o e iia
i?iiiaaaeiaaea ?aaainoai anao ia?aae aiaii, nino?aaeaiea, oa?ieiinoue,
neaaeiaaiea caiiaaaeyi E O, /oi naeaeaei aa?iio neaaie ia
i?ioeainoiyuoth Acee e Ao?eea. Ai aeaaa aeieaeai noiyoue aeaniio
ooaeiaeiee, ec oeeueiia aeaeii, /oi Aeoea? n/eoae naay ooaeiaeieeii.
Eaeaae o Ieoeoa – aeaniio ooaeiaeiee. Ieoeoa ia aeaeaao e?anie aiai?y
/oi o?enoeaiei nayoioa ia aeinoiei oaaaeaiey e ii/aoa. I?e yoii Ieoeoa
a?aaeaeaaii ioiineony e aeaiueiai. “AEaiueiu – yoi eioee e ioeoeu, a
eo/oai neo/aa ei?iau. Ioae/eia aeieaeai ainieouaaoueny eae aiei, a
aeaiueia aeey aai aaeioiiaeaiey, i?e/ai ioae/eia aeieaeai eaeoe e
aeaiueia n ieaoeie”.
Ii o Ieoeoa anoue e eioa?aniua iieiaeaiey, eioi?ua eanathony ia?aniio?a
iauanoaii oeaiiinoae i?aanoaaiiinoe, ii noieo ca /anoiinoue, caei?iauea
e o i , ca no?aieaiea ethaeae e enneonoao. Eaeaaeii Ieoeoa aue
eiiiiceoi? Aaaia?.
14. Iaieaioeainoai XIX a.
Iaeiei ec iai?aaeaiee “oeeinioee iaoee” yaeyaony iaieaioeainoai.
Iaieaioeainoai iuoaeinue aic?iaeeoue aaaeiua i?eioeeiu oeeinioee Eaioa.
Iaieaioeainoai ca?iaeeeinue a 60-o aa 19 a a Aa?iaiee. A iaieaioeainoaa
io/aoeeai auaeaeythony aeaa oeeinioneea oeieu: Ia?ao?aneay e Aaaeaineay.
E oa e ae? caieiaeenue iaoiaeieiaeae e ?ac?aaaouaaee iniiau iao/iiai
iiciaiey. Ia?ao?aneay oeiea caieiaeanue iaoai-i anoanoaiciaieai, a
Aaaeaineay – nioe-ie iaoeaie e oeaiiinoyie.
Ia?ao?aneay oeiea (A. Eiaai 1842 -1918, I. Iaoi?i 1854 -1924). Iie
aiai?eee, /oi Eaio naeaeae iiiaia, ii ia caaa?oee o/aiea e naeaeae
iieioiinoue a iiiyoee “aauue a naaa” (eaoa?-ay aaoue eioi?ay
aicaeaenoaoao ia i?aaiu /oanoa e aucuaaao iuouaiea). Iie aiai?eee, /oi
aauue a naaa yoi enoi/iee /oanoa, iiuoa, a eiio a iaoea ioaeiu /oanoaa e
iiuo. *oanoaa aeatho ciaiey aaeeie/iiai, iiyoiio iaoea ia aeeth/aao ie
eaeea /oanoaa e aeey iaoee ia eiaao cia/aiey iiuo. Iaoea no?ieony n
iiiiuueth iiiyoee, n iiiiuueth eioi?uo no?iyony ooieoeeiiaeueiua nayce.
Iaoaiaoe/aneea oi?ioeu – yoi aeinoiyiea iaoee. O.i. iie aunooiatho
i?ioea /oanoa e yiia?e/aneiai enneaaeiaaiey. Aeey iaoee aaaeii anaiauaa
– eiae/aneay no?oeoo?a iaoee, eioi?ay iaania/eaaao eiino?oe?iaaiea
eaeaaeueiuo iauaeoia, eioi?ua yaeythony neaaenoaeai eiae/aneie
iaiaoiaeeiinoe. Eiaai e Iaoi?i ia i?ioea i?eciaiey i?e?iaeu, ii eaeia
yoi eiaao cia/aiea aeey iaoee – ieeaeiai. Aeey iaoee aaaeii
anoanoaiciaiea. Aeey no?oeoo?u iaoee eiatho cia/aiea eaoaai?ee. Eiaai e
Iaoi?i aica?auathony e Eaioo, ii ii naaio aeatho eeanneoeeaoeeth yoei
eaoaai?eyi. Iie n/eoatho /oi yoe eaoaai?ee eaaeao a iniiaa
o?ainoeaiaeaioaeueiiai iaoiaea, eioi?ue naiaeeony e inaiaiaeaeaieth
iao/iiai iiciaiey io ineoieiaecia, o a enneaaeiaaiea eiae/aneie
no?oeoo?u iiciaiey iacaaeneii io aa naycae ia oieueei n
aeaenoaeoaeueiinoueth, ii e /oanoaaiiui iiciaieai. Yoio iaoiae
iaoneaaeeaaao ?acaeoea oai?aoe/aneiai anoanoaiciaiey. Ia?ao?aneay oeiea
iiaeiyea i?iaeaio oai?aoe/aneiai o?iaiy ciaiey, eioi?ay aace?oaony ia
eiino?oe?iaaiee eaeaaeueiuo iauaeoia.
Aaaeaineay oeiea: A. Aeiaeaeueaaiae (1848 – 1915) A. ?eeea?o (1863 –
1936). Ei i?eiaaeeaaeeo iuneue, /oi i/o iau-ie iaoeaie e anoanoaiciaieai
iai?aiaeaeeiay a?aiue. ?acee/ea yoi a oii, /oi anoanoaiciaiea
no?aieoueny e oiio, /oiau aaeeie/iia iiaeiyoue ia o?iaaiue
aaia?aeecaoeee (iai?. Anoanoaieniuoaoaeue eco/aao ninoaa aiaeu,
?aceaaaao iieaoeo e iieo/aao aiaei?iae e eenei?iae, caoai ia?aaiaeeo yoi
aeey anao iieaeoe aiaeu), io /anoiiai e aieaa aunieiio (iauaio). A
nioeeaeueiii iiciaiee caeiiia iao ii iiaieth yoeo o/aiuo, iii eiaao
aeaei n eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuie niauoeyie, a enoi?ee ana neo/aaony iaeei ?ac
e aeey iau-ie iaoee aaaeii aeeeieoueny a yoi niauoea e iiiyoue /oi a iai
oieeaeueiia, iaiiaoi?eiia. O a a ia?aii neo/aa aaia?aeecaoeey, a ai
aoi?ii eiaeeaeaeoaeecaoeey.
Anee nioe-ia iiciaiea i?aioe?iaaii ia iienaiea iaiiaoi?yaiuo niauoee,
oiaaea enneaaeiaaoaeue a o?oaeiii iieiaeaiee: Eaeea niauoey a?aoue?
Neaaeiaaoaeueii nioeeaeueiia iiciaiea ia aiciiaeii. Oiaaea iie aia?aua
auaeaeioee oai?eth oeaiiinoae e aicieeea ieneieiaey – oeeinioey
oeaiiinoae.
Iie ?acee/atho oeaiiinoue e ioeaieo. Ioeaiea – auyaeaiea oeaiiinoae,
naycaia n noauaeoeaeciii enneaaeiaaoaey. Oeaiiinoue iauaeoeaia,
aicieeaao noeoeeii a iauanoaaiiie aeecie. Yoi ia oaeoe/iinoue, a
cia/eiinoue, /oi iau-ai auae?aao a ea/anoaa cia/eiiai, ii iau-ai iiaeao
auae?aoue a ea/anoaa cia/eiiai ?aciia.
Aeey Aeiaeaeueaaiaea e ?eeea?oa oeaiiinoue yaeyaony iniiaie
enneaaeiaaiey, oi /oi cia/eii aeey iauanoaa, niiauanoaa e o i. Yoi
eniieueciaaeinue a eco/aiee oeeaeeecaoeee, o a eaaeaeay oeeaeeecaoeey
eiaao naith nenoaio oeaiiinoae.
15. IIOIEIAEss, AIINAIEIAEss, AENEIEIAEss
No?oeoo?a oee. Ciaiey: 1) ssae?i oee – aeeaeaeoeea, iaoea i iaeaieaa
iaueo caeiiao ?acaeoey i?e?iaeu, iauanoaa e iuoeaiey. 2) Aiinaieiaey
(oai?ey iiciaiey) – iaoea i oii, eae /-e iiciaao ie? e naiiai naay. 3)
Iioieiaey – o/aiea i auoee. 4) Iauay nioeeieiaey – i caeiiiia?iinoyo e
aeaeaeoueo neeao ?acaeoey iaaa. Io iauae nioe. Ioaeaeeeenue oaeea iaoee
: yoeea, iieeoieiaey, ?aeeaeiaaaeaiea e ae?., eioi?ua nou. Naaiaeiy eae
naiinoiyoaeueiua iaoee. 5) Enoi?eei-oeeinianeee ?acaeae – eco/aiea
enoi?ee oee o/aiee. 1-5 O a iieiii niunea neiaa, 1-3 oee. a oceii niunea
neiaa.
Iioieiaey ?aaiicia/ii iaoaoeceea eco/aao aunoea, iaaeinooiiua i?aaiai
/oanoa, eeoue i?aaeiieaaaaiua ia/aea anaai nouanoaothuaai, iaycyoaeueiia
aeey anao iaoe. Iia aunooiaao a oaniie nayce n anoanoaaiiiiao/iui e
aoiaieoa?iui ciaieai. Iioieiaey aunooiaao eae nenoaa oiic?eoaeueiuo
anaiaueo ii?aaeaeaiee auoey. I?iaeaio auoey oaniui ia?acii naycuaatho n
iao/iui e aeeciaiiui (yecenoaioeeaeueiui) iiuoii, n a?aieoeaie e
aiciiaeiinoyie iiciaiey aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe.
Aiinaieiaey – aaaeiay /anoue oeeinioneie oai?ee, o/aiea i niiniaiinoe
/aeiaaea iiciaoue aeaenoaeoaeueiinoue, ia enoi/ieeao, oi?iao e iaoiaeao
iiciaiey, ia enoeia e iooyo aa aeinoeaeaiey. Oa?iei aaae Eaio.
Iaoa?eaeenoe/aneay aiinaie. enoiaeeo ec i?eciaiey iauaeoeaiinoe aiaoiaai
ie?a e aiciiaeiinoe aai iiciaiey. Eaeaaeenoe/aneay aiinaie. eeai
ooaa?aeaeaao, /oi iiciaiea yaeyaony io?aaeaieai ienoe/aneie eaeae, eeai
n/eoaao, /oi ie? nicaeaaony a i?ioeanna aini?eyoey, o.e. i?aaeiaou nooue
“eiiieaenu iuouaiee”, eeai a i?eioeeia io?eoeaao aiciiaeiinoue iiciaiey
ie?a.
Aenaieiaey – ?acaeae oeeinioee, iinayuaiiue o/aieth i oeaiiinoyo.
I?aia?acoth ie?oaeathuee ie?, ethaee nicaeatho iaoa?. e aeooiai.
oeaiinoe. N?aaee ieo i?iecaiaenoaaiii-auoiaay oaoieea, caei?iauea,
naiuey, i?aanoaaiiua ii?iu, ooaeiaeanoaaiiua i?iecaaaeaiey. A eiioaeoa n
ieie i?ioiaeeo aeeciue eiaeeaeaea e aeey iaai ia aac?acee/ii, eaeie e?oa
oeaiiinoae aoaeao i?eaioe?ii e iioeaii a aai aeecie. Iniaia cia/aiea a
ea/anoaa oeaiiinoae eiaee enoeia, aeia?i e e?anioa. ?aeeaeicii-o?eno.
iuneue a ea/anoaa iacuaeaiie iniiau oeaiiinoae i?aaeeiaeeea Aiaa, a
aeaaiie oeaiiinoueth – nianaiea aeooe. E?eoeea ?aeeaeiciuo aeiaiaoia
niinianoaiaaea aic?iaeaeaieth iaoee e eneonnoaa e caaa?oeeanoue
?ac?aaioeie iiaie nenoaiu oeaiiinoae, a eioi?ie aeieaeiia ianoi caiyee
o?oae, caei?iauea, i?inaauaiea, iiciaiea e oaoieea, ain-ai e
nioeeaeueiay ni?aaaaeeeainoue.
16. I?iaeaia auoey. Ae iioie eaoaai?ee.
Iioieiaey – o/aiea i auoee, ?acaeae oeeinioee, eco/athuee ooiaeaiaio.
i?eioeeiu, iaeaieaa iauea nouiinoe e eaoaai?ee nouaai. Auoea – naiia
oe?ieia (aano?aeoiia) iiiyoea, oa?iei “auoue” icia/aao iaee/anoaiaaoue,
nouanoaiaaoue. I?eciaiea oaeoa nouanoaiaaiey iiiaiia?aciuo aauae
ie?oaeathuaai ie?a, i?e?iaeu e iauanoaa, naiiai /aeiaaea yaeyaony ia?aie
i?aaeiinueeie oi?ie?iaaiey ea?oeiu ie?icaeaiey. Ec yoiai auoaeaao aoi?ie
aniaeo i?iaeaiu auoey, eioi?ue ieacuaaao nou. aeeyiea ia ie?iaic?.
/ae-ea. I. Auoea (nouaa) i?ioeainoieo eaoaai?ey “ie/oi”. O Aeaiie?eoa –
ionoioa, o Ieaoiia – /enoay aiciiaeiinoue, ianneaiinoue e caaeneiinoue.
O?aoee aniaeo i?iaeaiu – naycai n i?eciaieai aaeeinoaa ie?icaeaiey.
*aeiaae a naiae iianaaeiaaiie aeecie, i?aeoe/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe
i?eoiaeeo e auaiaeo i naiae iauiinoe n ae?oaeie ethaeueie, nouanoaiaaiey
i?e?iaeu e o.ae. Ii a oi aea a?aiy aeey iaai ia iaiaa i/aaeaeiu e
?acee/ey, eioi?ua nouanoaotho i/ae ethaeueie, aauaie, i/ae iauanoaii e
i?e?iaeie, eoae. E, anoanoaaiii, aicieeaao aii?in i aiciiaeiinoe
anaiauaai, oi anoue iauaai aeey anao yaeaiee ie?oaeathuaai ie?a. Ana
iiiaiia?acea aauiuo e aeooiaiuo yaeaiee iauaaeeiyao oi, /oi iie anoue,
iaee/anoaotho, nouanoaotho, ianiio?y ia ?acee/ea oi?i naiaai
nouanoaiaaiey. E eiaiii aeaaiaea?y oaeoo naiaai nouanoaiaaiey iie
ia?acotho oeaeinoiia aaeeinoai ie?icaeaiey. Aaeeiia – ia/aei anyeiai
iiiaeanoaa, anyeiai auoey e oia, i?aaeoanoaothuaa ei e i?aainoiaeyuaa.
Nouanoaiaaiea e nouiinoue: A enoi?ee oeeinioee I. nouanoaiaaiey
oiio?aaeyeinue iau/ii aeey iaicia/aiey aiaoiaai auoey aaue, eioi?ia a
ioee/ee io nouiinoe iinoeaaaony ia iuoeaieai, a iiuoii. I. Nouiinoue a
ianoiyuaa a?aiy iiiyoea nouanoaiaaiey iau/ii ioiaeaeanoaeytho n auoeai,
a I. nouiinoe neoaeeo aeey iaicia/aiey ia?aiiniiau, iniiaiie /a?ou e
enoi/ieea nouanoaiaaiey oie eee eiie aaue e a yoii niunea n?iaeie
eaoaai?ee noanoaioeee. Ia iniiaa eaoaai?ee auoey a O aeaaony naiay iauay
oa?-ea ie?icaeaiey: ana nouanoaothuaa – yoi e anoue ie?, e eioi?iio iu
i?eiaaeeaaeei. Yoa oa?aeoa?enoeea ia niaea?aeeo ieeaeeo
ie?iaicc?ai/aneeo ioeaiie. I?ioeai?a/ey i/ae O oeieaie – /oi neoaeeo
iauaaeeiythuei ia/aeii ie?icaeaiey.
17. ?aaeueiinoue iauaeoeaiay e noauaeoeaiay. Iaoa?ey.
?aaeueiinoue – aauanoaaiiue, aeaenoaeoaeueiue. Iauaeoeaiay ?aaeueiinoue
– iaueoeaiue ie? nouanoaothuee ia caaeneii io /aeiaa/aneie aiee,
i?aaenoaaeaiee. Noauaeoeaiay ?aaeueiinoue – iaiai?io. Iaoa?ey –
aaneiia/iia iiiaeanoai anao nouanoaothueo a ie?a iauaeoia e nenoai,
anaiauay noanoaioeey, noano?ao ethauo naienoa, naycae, ioiioaiee e oi?i
aeaeaeaiey. Aanue ie?oaeathuee ie? i?aaenoaaeyao niaie aeaeaeouothny
iaoa?eth a aa aaneiia/iuo oi?iao e i?iyaeaieyo.
Oaea a ae?aaiinoe oeeiniou iuoaeenue i?aaenoaaeoue aeaeeiia iiiaiia?acea
aauae eae i?iyaeaiea aeaeeiiai ia/aea. Yoi iauaa, ianioai?eiay e ia
oie/oiaeeiay iniiaa anao aauae iieo/eea iacaaiea noanoaioeee.
Oi?ie?iaaiea noanoaioeee – yoi e oi?ie?iaaiea iao/iiai iiieiaiey
iaoa?ee. A ae?aaiae A?aoeee iiae noanoaioeeae iaoa?eaeenou iiieiaee
eiie?aoiia aauanoai. Ae?aaiaa?a/aneea aoiienou n/eoaee, /oi noanoaioeey
yoi aoii. Ana /oi ninoieo ec aoiiia e ionoiou. A oeeinioee e
anoanoaiciaiee iiaiai a?aiaie e a ?aaioao Iuethoiia, Eiiiiiniaa
aiaoiie/aneea eaeae iieo/eee ?acaeoea. N eiioea 16a.aei ia/aea 19a.
ainiiaenoaiaaea iaoaienoe/aneay ea?oeia ie?a. Iaoa?ey ?anniao?eaaeanue
eae niaieoiiinoue iaaeaeeiuo aoiiia, eioi?ua iaaeaeaiu aaiiao?e/aneeie e
iaoaie/aneeie naienoaaie: iannie, i?ioyaeaiiinoueth, oi?iie,
iai?iieoeaaiinoueth e niiniaiinoueth ia?aiauaoueny. Ii a yoi a?aiy auee
auneacaiu e ae?oaea eaeae i iaoa?ee:
1) i naiiaeaeaeaiee a iaoa?ee 2) iaoa?ey iiieiaeanue eae aano?aeoiia
iiiyoea, a eioi?ii ioia?aaeaiu naienoaa iiiaiia?aciuo aauanoa. 3)
Iaoa?ee i?enoua aioo?aiia iuneue. O?aeoiaea iaoa?ee eaeaaeenoe/aneeie
iai?aaeaieyie oee. Noauaeoeaiua eaeaaeenou ioiaeaeanoaeyee iaoa?eth n
niaieoiiinoueth iuouaiee. Iauaeoeaiua eaeaaeenou n/eoaee, /oi iaoa?ey
ianneaia, eia?oia. AEeciue ae i?eaeaao eaeath. Eoae e aeey iaoa?eaeecia
e aeey eaeaaeecia oa?aeoa?ii ioiaeaeanoaeaiea iaoa?ee n aauanoaii, n
eiie?aoiuie oi?iaie aa i?iyaeaiey; Ia i?iaiaeeony ?acee/ea i/o oee.
iiieiaieai iaoa?ee e anoanoaaiiienoi?e/aneeie acaeyaeaie ia
nouanoaothuee ie?. Ia?en e Yiaaeuen iiieiaee iiae iaoa?eae noanoaioeeth.
Iaoa?ey – yoi anaiauay iineoaeueieoea na-a, ioiioaiee, eciaiaiee
eiie?aoiuo aauae. Ii iaoa?ey ia nouanoaoao aia eiie?aoiuo aauae, a
oieueei /a?ac ieo. A ia/aea 19-20aa. a anoanoai ciaiee auei naeaeaii
?yae ioe?uoee, eioi?ua ii?iaa?aee noa?oth, iao. ea?oeio ie?a. Ioe?uoea
?aioaaiianeeo eo/ae iiae?uaaao eaeath iai?iieoeaaiinoe iaoa?ee. ssaeaiea
aeaoaeoa iannu, ioe?uoia Aaeea?aeai i?e eco/aiee ?aaeeiaeoeaiiai
?aniaaea. Aue naeaeai auaiae, /oi iaoa?ey i?aa?auaaony a iaoa?eth.
Iaoa?ey en/acaao. Iaoa?eaeeci eiaeai. Ioe?uoea Oiiiniiii yeaeo?iia
ioaa?aaao eaeath i oii, /oi aoii ia aeaeei. I?aaeiyy ea?oeia ie?a
?ooeeanue. A anoanoaiciaiee ianooiee iaoiaeieiae/aneee e?ecen. Iiaua
ioe?uoey ia aienuaaeenue a noa?oth ea?oeio ie?a. Ia?aae oee. noaea
caaea/a ooi/iaiey iiiyoey
iaicia/aiey iauaeoeaiie ?aaeueiinoe, eio. aeaia /-eo a iuouaieyo aai,
eioi?ay eiie?oaony, oioia?aoe?oaony, ioia?aaeaaony, iaoeie iuouaieyie,
nouanoaothuay iacaaeneii io ieo. A yoii ii?aaeaeaiee auaeaeaii 2
i?eciaea iaoa?ee: 1) I?eciaiea ia?ae/iinoe iaoa?ee ii ioiioaiee e
niciaieth (iauaeoeaiinoue iuouaiey) 2) I?eciaiea i?eioeeieaeueiie
iiciaaaaiinoe ie?a. Eaiei ?aca?aie/eaaao oeeinioneia iiieiaiea iaoa?ee e
anoanoaaiiiiao/iua ciaiey i nouanoaothuai ie?a. Eaiei niinianoaiaae
i?aiaeieaieth e?ecena a oeceea, naycaiiiai n aeeth/aieai i?eioeeia
no?oeoo?iinoe iaoa?ee e aeaeeiinoe aoiiia a iao/ioth ea?oeio ie?a. A
aeiia?enenoeie oeeinioee iaoa?ey ioiaeaeanoaeyeanue n eiie?aoiuie aa
aeaeaie, iai?. aoiiaie e oae. Ioiaeaeanoaeaiea ia e.-e. yoaia iiciaiey
oeein. iiiyoey I. eae iauaeoeaiie ?aaeueiinoe n eiie?aoiuie
ano.-iao/iuie i?aaenoaaeaieyie i aa no?oeoo?a e oi?iao ii nouanoao
i?eaiaeeo e eneeth/aieth aua iaecaanoiuo, ii ?aaeueii nouanoaothueo
iauaeoia e nenoai ec no?oeoo?u I., /oi i?ioeai?a/eo i?eioeeio
iaoa?eaeueiiai aaeeinoaa ie?a. Yoi aaeeinoai eiaao iiiaeanoai eiie?aoiuo
oi?i i?iyaeaiey, iineaaeia. ?ane?uaaaiuo iaoeie e i?aeoeeie. Anaiaueie
oi?iaie auoey I. yaeythony i?ino?ainoai e a?aiy, eioi?ua ia nouanoaotho
aia I., eae ia iiaeao auoue e iaoa?eaeueiuo, eioi?ua ia iaeaaeaee au
i?ino?ainoaaiii a?aiaiiuie naienoaaie.
18. I?ino?ainoai e a?aiy eae oeeinioneea eaoaai?ee.
I?ino?ainoai – iau/ii i?ioyaeaiiinoue, a?aiy – aeeeoaeueiinoue. I e a
iaeaaeatho naieie naienoaaie. I iaeaaeaao o?aoia?iinoueth, iii
neiao?e/ii, o a iao ia ia?aoeiuo i?ioeannia, i?ino?ainoai iaeii?iaeii
(eaaeaeay oi/ea i?ino?ainoaa i a acyoa ca ia/aei eii?aeeiao),
i?ino?ainoai ecio?iiii, o a iao i?eaaeeae?iaaiiuo iai?aaeaiee (a aa?o, a
iec, a eaai, a i?aai). A?aiy – aeeeoaeueiinoue, iii aneiiao?e/ii, o a ia
ia?aoeii. A?aiy iiaeao iiieiaoueny ii ?aciiio: oeeeee/aneia a?aiy
(eaeaiaea?e); a?aiy iiaeao oieeiaaoueny eae iaeioi?ay neiiao?ey, o e
?yae i?ioeannia ia yaeyaony ia ia?aoeiuie (niaaeeiaiea I e I2aeaao I2I e
ia?aoii, aiciiaeii ?aniaaeaiea); a?aiy iiaeao iiieiaoueny eae no?aea, o
a a?aiy ia ia?aoeii, iaeuecy aa?iooueny a i?ioeia. A?aiy ioee/aaony io
aa/iinoe, aa/iinoue ia iaiyaony e ia eiaao a?aiaie, aa/iinoue yoi
anaaaea ianoiyuaa. I?ino?ainoai e a?aiy aeieai a enoi?ee
?anniao?eaaeenue ?acaeaeueii. Aeaiie?eo iieaaae /oi anoue ionoioa –
a?aiy e aianoeeeua – i?ino?ainoai. Yoe acaeyaeu iiaeaea?aeeaae Iuethoii.
Eaeaieoe ii ae? iiaeioae e iiieiaieth a?aiaie e i?ino?ainoaa, eae e
naienoaai aeaeaeaiey.
Anoue aeaa oai?ee ioiineoaeueiinoe:
1. Niaoeeaeueiay. A iae auee iauaaeeiaiu iiiyoey aeaeaeaiea,
i?ino?ainoai e a?aiy. Iie eae naienoaa iaoa?eaeueiuo iauaeoia iaiythony
io nei?inoe eo aeaeaeaiey, eae e ianna , eioi?ay aicieeaao ni
nei?inoueth aeaeaeaiey. Iiyaeythony iiiyoey ianna iieiy e ianna
aeaeaeaiey. I e a iaiythony a caaen-e io nei?inoe aeaeaeaiey; ?eoi
a?aiaie nie?auaaoy e eeiaeiua ?acia?u oaea nie?auathony. Neaaeiaaoaeueii
ia nouanoaoao aaeeiie nenoaiu eii?aeeiao e auei aaaaeaii iiiyoea –
i?ino?ainoaaiii-a?aiaiiie eioa?aae – yoi aaee/eia eioi?ay ia iaiyaony
i?e ia?aoiaea io iaeiie nenoaiu ion/aoa e ae?oaie. Yoio eioa?aae
iicaieyao eciaiyoueny i?ino?ainoao e a?aiaie a ?aciuo iai?aeaieyo, /oi
iicaieyao aio inoaaaoueny iinoiyiiui.
2. Iauay oai?ey ioiineoaeueiinoe naycaea a aaeeii iiiyoey oyaioathuae
iannu, i?ino?ainoaa e a?aiaie. ?eoi a?aiaie caiaaeeyaony . I?ino?ainoai
ene?eaeyaony iiae aeaenoaeai iiey oyaioaiey. Iaaethaeaiey ai a?aiy
nieia/iuo caoiaiee iieacaee /oi i?ino?ainoai ene?eaeyaony. Ec yoiai auee
naeaeaiu neaaenoaey ia iniiaa aaiiao?ee Eiaa/aaneiai (io?eoeaoaeueiay
e?eaecia) e ?eiaia (iieiaeeoaeueiay e?eaecia), /oi i?e iieiaeeoaeueiii
ene?eaeaiee i?ino?ainoaa anaeaiiay caieiooa, a i?e io?eoeaoaeueiii
anaeaiiay aaneiia/ia.
?aoay o?aaiaiea Yiooaeia, O?eaeiai naeaeae auaiae, /oi iaoa anaeaiiay i
a noaoeeiia?iie, iia eee noaeaaony eee ?anoe?yaony. I?e niaeo?aeueiii
aiaeeca naaoa auei onoaiiaeaii, /oi iieinu naaoa niauathony a noi?iio
e?aniiai – cia/eo iauaeou oaeaeythony, anee aea e oeieaoiaiio, oi
iauaeou i?eaeeaeathony. Iaoa aea anaeaiiay ?anoe?yaony. O i 15-20 ie?ae
eao iacaae iaoa anaeaiiay auea neiioeaio?e?iaaia a caieiooie oi?ia
i?ino?ainoaa. O anaeaiiie anoue ai?eciio, e ca i?aaeaeu eaeie-oi noa?u o
/aeiaaea iao aiciiaeiinoe aueoe. Ioe?ue ?anoe?ythuothny nenoaio Oaaae.
Noaiiaeaiea anaeaiiie naycuaatho n /a?iuie aeu?aie naa?oieioiiai
ninoiyiey, eioi?ua ioee/athony oai /oi a iiea eo oyaioaiey ana en/acaao,
aeaaea eo/ naaoa. *a?iua aeu?u yoi yeaiaioa?iua /anoeoeu naeaoua
i?ino?ainoaii e a?aiaiai. A ?acoeueoaoa ac?uaa ec /a?iie aeu?u
auaeaeythony yeaiaioa?iua /anoeoeu, /oi i?eaiaeeo e noaiiaeaieth
oeie/aneeo niaaeeiaiee e noaiiaeaieth anaeaiiie.
19. Oeeinioneia iiieiaiea aeaeaeaiey e ?acaeoey.
A ie?a ana iaoiaeeony a aeaeaeaiee, io aoiiia aei anaeaiiie. Ana
i?aauaaao a aa/iii no?aieaiee e eiiio ninoiyieth, e ia ii
i?eioaeaeaieth, a ii nianoaaiiie i?e?iaea. Iineieueeo aeaeae anoue
nouiinoiue ao?eaoo iaoa?ee, oi iii, oaeaea eae e naia iaoa?ey,
ianioai?eii e iaoie/oiaeeii. Aeaeaeaiea – yoi niinia nou iaoa?ee. Aeaeae
caeeth/aii a naiie i?e?iaea iaoa?ee. Iaeie oi?iu aeaeae i?aa?au a
ae?oaea e ie iaeei aeae ia aa?aony ieieoaea.
Aeaeaeaiea iaoa?ee – ia oieueei iaoaie/aneia ia?aiauaiea oae a
i?ino?ainoaa, ii e ethaua acaeiiaeaenoaey, a oaeaea eciaiaiey ninoiyiee
iauaeoia, eioi?ua aucuaathony yoeie acaeiiaeaenoaeyie. Aeaeaeaiea – yoi
e acaeiiia i?aa?auaiea yeaiaioa?iuo /anoeoe, e iaiai aauanoa a eeaoeao
i?aaiecia, e iaiai aeayo-oueth iaaeaeo ethaeueie a i?ioeanna eo
nioeeaeueiie aeecie.
Iniiaiua oeiu aeaeaeaiey: 1.- yoi aeaeaeaiea, eiaaea nio?aiyaony
ea/anoai i?aaeiaoa; 2.-oei aeaeaeaiey, naycaiiue n ia?aoiaeii io iaeiiai
ea/anoaa e ae?oaiio, n eciaiaieai ea/anoaaiiiai ninoiyiey i?aaeiaoa.Yoi
iiaeao auoue ?ac?ooaiea i?aaeiaoa, ?aniaae aai ia ninoaaeythuea
yeaiaiou, eio. i?aaenoaaeytho iniaua ea/-aa, aicieeathuea a ?ac-oa
i?aia?aciaaiey enoiaeiiai i?aaeiaoa.
I?ioeannu, naycaiiua n i?aia?aciaaieai ea/-aa i?aaeiaoia, n iiyaeaieai
iiauo ea/-uo ninoiyiee, eio. eae au ?acaa?ouaatho iioaioeeaeueiua
aiciiaeiinoe, ne?uoua e ia?acaa?iooua a i?aaeoanoaothueo ea/-uo
ninoiyieyo, oa?aeoa?ecothony eae ?acaeoea. I?ioeann ?acaeoey – yoi
anaaaea ia?aoiae iaeiiai ea/anoaa a ae?oaia, iai?aaeaiiia oi?ie?iaaiea
iiauo nenoai, iiauo oeiia i?aaiecaoeee, eio. ?iaeaeathony ec
i?aaeoanoaothueo ei nenoai. Aeaa ?aciiaeaeiinoe i?ioeannia ?acaeoey: 1)
i?ioeannu ea/anoaaiiuo i?aa?auaiee, ia auoiaeyuea ca ?aiee
niioaaonoaothuaai aeaea iaoa?ee, ii?aae-ai o?iaiy aa i?aaiecaoeee. 2)
I?ioeannu ia?aoiaea io iaeiiai o?iaiy e ae?oaiio. A iaaeeaie i?e?iaea
y?eei i?eia?ii ia?aie ?aciiaeaeiinoe ?acaeoey iiaeao neoaeeoue
yaiethoeey caacae.
Nouanoaoao ianeieueei ea/anoaaiii ?acee/iuo oi?i aeaeae iaoa?ee: iaoai,
oece/aneay, oei, aeieiae/aneay, nioeeaeueiay… Ea/anoaaiiia
?aciiia?acea iaeiiai o?iaiy ia i.a. iauyniaii ea/ ?aciiia?aceai
ae?oaiai. Oi/iia iienaiea aeaeae /anoeoe aicaeooa ia iiaeao iauynieoue
niune /ae ?a/e. Iaeiaei iaiaoiaeeii eiaoue a aeaeo e iauea
caeiiiia?iinoe, naienoaaiiua anei o?iaiyi, a oaeaea eo acaeiiaeaenoaea.
Yoa naycue au?aae a oii, /oi aunoaa aeeth/aao iecoaa. (AeIE – oei
niaaeeiaiea) Iaeiaei aunoea oi?iu ia aeeth/aiu a iecoea. (iao aeecie a
oei niaaeeiaieyo)
?acaeoea, iaia?aoeiia, iai?aaeaiiia, caeiiiia?iia eciaiaiea
iaoa?eaeueiuo e eaeaaeueiuo iauaeoia. Oieueei iaeiia?aiaiiia iaee/ea
anao oeacaiiuo naienoa auaeaeyao i?ioeannu ? n?aaee ae? eciaiaiee:
ia?aoeiinoue eciaiaiee oa?-ao i?ioeannu ooieoeeiie?iaaiey; ionoonoaea
caeiiii?iinoe oa?aeoa?ii aeey neo/aeiuo i?ioeannia eaoano?ioe/ oeia; i?e
ionoonoaee iai?aaeaiiinoe eciaiaiey ia iiaoo iaeaieeaaoueny , e iioiio
i?ioeann eeoaaony oa?aeoa?iie aeey ? aaeeiie, aioo?aiia acaeiinaycaiiie
eeiee. A ?acoeueoaoa ?. aicieeaao iiaia ea/anoaaiiia ninoiyiea iauaeoa,
e-?ia aunooiaao eae eciaiaiea aai ninoaaa eee no?oeoo?u (o.a.
aicieeiiaaiea, o?ainoi?iaoeey eee en/aciiaaiea aai yeaiaioia e naycae).
Niiniaiinoue e ? ninoaaeyao iaeii ec anaiaueo naienoa iaoa?ee e
niciaiey.
20. I?eioeei aeaoa?ieiecia. Eaoaai?ee i?e/eiu e neaaenoaey,
iaiaoiaeeiinoe e neo/aeiinoe, aiciiaeiinoe e aeaenoaeoaeueiinoue.
I?e/eia e oeaeue.
Aeaoa?ieieci io eao determino – ii?aaeaeyth, oeein o/aiea ia iauaeoeaiie
caeiiiia?iie acaeiinayce e acaeiiiaoneiaeaiiinoe aauae, i?ioeannia e
yaeaiee ?aaeueiiai ie?a. Ae i?aaeiieaaaao iaee/ea ?aciiia?aciuo
iauaeoeaii nouanoaothueo oi?i acaeiinayce yaeaiee, iiiaea ec e-uo
au?aaeathony a aeaea niioiioaiee, ia eiathueo iaiin?aaenoaaiii
i?e/eiiiai oa?aeoa?a, o a i?yii ia niaea?aeaueo a naaa iiiaioia
ii?iaeaeaiey, i?iecaiaenoaa iaeiiai ae?oaei. Nthaea aoiaeyo i?ino?ainoa
e a?ai ei??aeyoeee, ooieoeeiiaeueiua caaeneiinoe, ioiioaiey neiiao?ee,
acaeiiaeaenoaey /anoae a nenoaiao, acaeiiaeaoa?ieiaoeey /anoae e
oeaeiai, naycue ninoiyiee a aeaeaeaiee e ?acaeoee e ae?. (i?eia? oai?ey
Aea?aeia).
I?e/eia e neaaenoaea. Eaoaai?ey i?e/eiiinoe ?ane?uaaao
i?e/eiii-neaaenoaaiioth naycue. Aeey ii?aaeaeaiey /oi oaeia i?e/eia
iaaei niiinoaaeyoue: i?e/eio, iiaiae, oneiaea. I/aiue aaaeii niioiioaiea
i?e/eia e oneiaea. Aiai?y i i?e/eia ioaeii eiaoue a aeaeo, /oi i?e/eiu
eiatho naie i?iyaeaiey, o a ?acee/atho oi?iu i?e/ei. I?e/eiu
nouanoaaiiua e ianouanoaaiiua. Ana i?e/eiii iaoneiaeaii e ie /oi ia
i?ioiaeeo aac neaaenoaee. ?acee/ea i/o nouiinoueth e ia nouiinoueth
oneiaii. Ii yoi iaaei aeiaeaeaoue, nio?aiyy aaeeiue eiioaeno i?e/eiu.
I?e/eiu ?acee/atho eae iauaeoeaiua oae e noauaeoeaiua. Anoue i?e/eia e
ooieoeeiiaeueiay caaeneiinoue. Iao iiaeae i?eaaei e iiiyoeth
ooieoeeiiaeueiie caaeneiinoe. Aeey o/aiiai aaaeii ia oieueei
ea/anoaaiiay caaeneiinoue i/o i?e/eiie e neaaenoaeai, aaaeii e
eiee/anoaaiiia, eioi?ia au?aaeaaony a ooieoeeiiaeueiie caaeneiinoe.
Eiaaea aiai?yo i i?e/eiiinoe eiatho a aeaeo yaeaiea eioi?ia ii?iaeaeaao
neaaenoaea, a eiaaea aiai?yo i ooieoeeiiaeueiie caaeneiinoe aeiaoe/aneay
naycue noe?aaony. A ooieoeeiiaeueiie caaeneiinoe iiaeii iaiyoue ianoaie
a?aoiaio e ooieoeeth. Iineaaeiea aiaeu noaee aiai?eoue /oi iiiyoea
i?e/eiiinoe onoa?aei e aeinoaoi/ii aeaaeaoue ooieoeeiiaeueiie
caaeneiinoueth. Iiyaeeanue oai?ey oaeoi?ia, eiaaea eaeay-oi aaee/eia
noaaeoueny a caaeneiinoue io ?yaea oaeoi?ia. I?iaeaia i?e/eiiinoe noaea
aua aieaa caiooaiiie a nayce n i?iieeiiaaieai a iee?iie?. A noaoeno-e
caeiiiia?iinoe ?aaioaao aa?iyoiinoue, a iae iao nnueee ia i?e/eiiinoue.
Iiiaea o/aiua iuoathony nio?aieoue iiiyoea i?e/eiu, aiai?yo /oi anoue
iiiaiia?acea i?e/eiii neaaenoaaiiuo naycae. Yoi i?eaieaii, o e eia/a
iiaeii aeiionoeoue iaee/ea /oaean.
Iaiaoiaeeiinoue e neo/aeiinoue. Eaeia oa?aeoa? auoey? A auoea ana
iaiaoiaeeii eee neo/aeii? Yoa i?iaeaia iino-ia aua a aioe/iinoe.
Neiaeeeinue oaa?aeia oaaaeaeaiea, /oi a ie?a aeaenoaotho neeu, eioi?ua
aucuaatho ii?aaeaeaiiua neaaenoaey. Iiyaeeny Eiieanianeee aeaoa?ieieci.
Eaiean cayaee, /oi anee iiyaeony iaoe?iue oi, eioi?ue iiaeao o/anoue ana
aeaenoaothuea neeu, oi ii iiaeao iaienaoue aeeooa?aioeeaeueiia o?aaiaiea
n iiiiuueth eioi?iai iiaeii ciaoue e i?ioeia e aoaeouaa. Yoi aeaeaao
auoea /oaeiaeuiui. Eaiean aa?ee /oi ie? yoi “ia?iaay iaoeia” ana
aeaeaeaiea eioi?ie iiaeii iienaoue. O i /aeiaae iiiaaeaao a oaeaniue
ie?, a eio-i ie/aai eciaieoue iaeuecy. Yoio acaeyae iac-ny oaoaeeciii
eiaaea ana oaoaeueii i?aaeii?aaeaeaii.
I?eieiaiea noaoenoeee a oeceea noaei iaiyoue i?aaenoaaeaiea i auoea,
noao-a ii?aae-o neo/ niauoey, eio-a iinyo aa?iyoiinoiue oa?aeoa? e
ie/aai a nouiinoe ia iaiytho. Iiiaea noaee aiai?eoue, /oi ie? – yoi
ieaai neo/aeiinoe (oae aiai?ee Aein). Auoea – yoi neo/aeiinoe e aeaeaoue
noaaeo ia iaiaoiaeeiinoe – yoi ioeaea.
A o?aeoiaea iaiaoiaeeiinoe e neo/aeiinoe oaea/ii auneacaeny Aaaaeue. Iie
acaeiiaeiiieiythuea oa?aeoa?enoeee auoey ii Aaaaeth. O Y i?iaeieaeay yoo
eeieth aeae ?yae oaea/iuo oa?aeoa?enoee: neo/-oue yoi oi?ia i?iyaeaiey e
aeiiieiaiey iaiaoiaeeiinoe. Cia/eo iaiaoiaeeiinoue nouanoaoao ii
iaia?oaeeaaao naay a neo/aeiinoe. Iaiieaii neo/aeiinoue ii a iai
iaiaoiaeeiinoue ?aaiethoeee iaia?oaeeea naay. Iaiaoiaeeiinoue a /enoii
aeaea ia aunooiaao, neo/-oue aicaeaenoaoao ia iaiaoiaeeiua
caeiiiia?iinoe.
Aiciiaeiinoue e aeaenoaeoaeueiinoue. Yoe eaoaai?ee aaae A?enoioaeue. Ii
?acee/ae aeooaeueiia e iioaioeeaeueiia auoea, o e ethaie iauaeo – yoi ia
oieueei aeooaeueiinoue, ii yoi e ii?aaeaeaiiua oaiaeaioeee eciaiaiey, o
a niiniaiinoue aaue eciaieoue naia ninoiyiea, ea/anoaaiii eciaieoueny.
Noieeiiaaiea oaiaeaioeee ii?aaeaeyao eciaiaiea aaue. I?aa?auaiea
aiciiaeiinoe a aeaenoaeoaeueiinoue anoue yaiethoeey.
Oeaeue iaeei ec yeaiaioia iiaaaeaiey e niciaoaeueiie aeayo-oe /aeiaaea,
e-?ue oa?-ao i?aaeainoeuaiea a iuoeaiee ?acoeueoaoa aeayoaeueiinoe e
iooe aai ?aaeecaoeee n iiiiuueth ii?aaeae n?aaenoa. Oe aunooiaao eae
niinia eioaa?aoeee ?acee/iuo aeaenoaee /aeiaaea a iaeioi?oth
iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue eee nenoaio, eae iaeia ec oi?i aeaoa?ieiaoeee
/aeiaa/ aeayoaeueiinoe. Aiaeec aeayoaeueiinoe eae oeaeaiai?aaeaiiie
i?aaeiieaaaao auyaeaiea ianiioaaonoaey i/o iaeeiie aeeciaiie neooaoeeae
e Oe; inouanoaeaiea Oe yaeyaony i?ioeannii i?aiaeieaiey yoiai
ianiioaaonoaey. A?-eue oieeiaae Oe eae “oi, ?aaee /aai” ia/oi
nouanoaoao.
21.I?aaeiao nioeeaeueiie oeeinioee. Iiiyoea iauanoaa.
Iauanoai iiaeii aiaeece?iaaoue ii-?aciiio. ?on iuneeoaeue
A.A.Aiaaeaiia(1873-1928), iai?eia?, ?anniao?eaae iauanoai ni noi?iiu
i?aaiecaoeee e oi?aaeaiey. “Anyeay /ae aeayoaeueiinoue yae i?aaiecaoeeae
eee aeaci?aaiecaoeeae. Yoi cia/eo: anyeoth /ae aeayoaeueiinoue – oao,
iauanoa, ooaeiaeanoa – iiaeii ?anniao?eaaoue eae iaeee iaoa?eae
i?aaiecaoeeiiiii iiuoa e enneaaeiaaoue n i?aaiec oi/ee c?aiey” A iniiaa
nioe oee iiaoo eaaeaoue ?acee/iua iiaeoiaeu, oiaiaea niioa iieo/athony e
?acee/iua iiaeaee. ?anniio?ei iaeioi?ua ec ieo.
A 17-18 aa. oe? ?ani?ino?aiaiea iieo/eea iaoo?aeenoe/aneay eiioeaioeey
oieeiaaiey iau aeecie. Yoa eiioeaioeey o?aaoao iauyni nioe yaeaiee
eneeth/eoaeueii aeaenoaeai i?e? caeiiiia?iinoe: oece/, aaia?ao,
aeieiae/…
Oa?eue Oo?uea (o?aioe nioeeaeeno-ooiieno) – iuoaeny nicaeaoue nioe iaoee
ec caeiia anaie?iiai oyaioaiey Iuethoiia. Nioe oai?ey – anue /anoue
oai?ee anaie?iiai aaeeinoaa, iniiaaiiie a i?eioeeia i?eoyae ii no?anoe,
anaiauae caeiiiia?iinoe, iaoneaae i?e? neeiiiinoue /ae e eaeiio-eeai
aeaeo eieeaeoeaiiai o?oaea.
Aunoea oi?iu auoey iaoo?aeeci naiaeeo e iecoei. *aeiaae naiaeeony aei
o?iaiy eneeth/ i?e?iaeiiai nou-aa. I?e yoii /aeia iiaaaeaiea aeanoei
aeeth/aaony a oeaiue i?e? i?e/ei e neaaenoaee, naiaiaea ia inoaaony
ianoa e eiioeaioeey nioe niauoee i?eieiaao oaoaeenoe/aneoth ie?aneo. A
nenoaia Aiaana Naiaiaea anaai-eeoue iiaeeoeeaoeey iaiaoiaeeiie i?e/eiu.
“Eaaeaeia aeia?iaieueiia aeaenoaea yae auioaeaeaiiui”, “ana aeaenoaey
iaiaoiaeeiu”.
Aua iaeiei iaaeinoaoeii iaoo? iiaeoiaea yae oi, /oi ii ?anni /ae-ea eae
iaeee nioeeaeueiue aoii, a iauanoai eae iaoaie/ aa?aaao oaeeo aoiiia,
caieioouo eneeth/ ia naieo eioa?anao.
Eiuie neiaaie iaoo?aeeci caia/aao a /ae oieueei i?e?iaeioth
noanoaioeeth. A ?-oa e /ae nayce ia?aoatho i?e? oa?aeoa?. Iauanoai
i?ecaaony, ii a ea/ oeaiaioe?othuaai ia/aea aa?aony eee iieueca
(i?inaaoeoaee 17-18aa), eee iieiaay ethaiaue (Oaa?aao). Iauanoai a
iaoo?ae oee oa?aeoa?ecoaony eae anaiauiinoue, naycothuay iiiaeanoai
eiaeeaeaeia eeoue i?e? ocaie. Ii a yoii neo/aa eaaeaeue aieai caueuaoue
naith i?e?iaeo aii?aee nou ii?aeueiui i?eioeeiai, eai iineaaeiea ia
auoaeatho ec i?e? /ae-ea. Oai? iainiiaaiea yoie eneeth/eo yaienoe/aneie
aeeci iiceoeee aeae iai oee Iaen Ooeia? a eieaa “Aaeeinoaaiiue e aai
nianoaaiiinoue”.
Eaeaaeeci iaiai?io neeoeii io?uaaao /ae io i?e?iaeu, i?aa?auay aeoo
noa?o iau aeecie a naiino noanoaioeeth. Ia i?aeoeea yoi icia/aao
neaaeiaaoue i?eioeeio “iiaiey i?aayo ie?ii”. Eaeaae a i?eioeeia ia
io?eoe iauaeoeaiiai oaeoi?a enoi?ee. Iaeiaei ?acaeoea iauanoaa
iieiinoueth ii?aaeaeyaony aeaenoaeai ie?iaiai ?acoia eee aieaaay
aeoeaiinoue /aeiaaea. A ia?aii neo/aa a nioe oee aiineony oaoaeeci, a ai
aoi?ii – iainiiauaaaony /enoi noauaeoeaenoneia iiieiaiea enoi? oiaea.
A iaieio oee nenoaiao niaea?aeaeinue iieiae ia/aei a iiaeoiaea e /ae e
enoi?ee. Iii caee a iainiiaaiee naia noauaeoa, aai oai?/aneie
aeoeaiinoe.Eae au ie iiieiaeanue aeooiaiinoue, ieeoi ia iuneeo aa aac
i?aanoaaiiinoe, iineaaeiyy i?aaeiieaaaao iaee/ea naiaiaeu. Aeooiaii
i?aanoaaiiui iiaeao auoue oiueei naia /aeiaae.
A naaoa aeaiiie eiioeaioeee *aeiaae eae ii?aeueiia nouanoai ia
ioaeaeaaony ie a eaeeo i?eiaieao eee i?eioaeaeaiee, eai iiaeeeiii
i?aaoaiiue iioea ii?iaeaeaaony naia aieaecuyaeaieai ee/iinoe. Yoio iioea
caeeth/ a oii, /oiau /aeia auiieiee naie ii? aeiea, ia iaeeaeay
eiiiainaoeee ie a yoii , ie a eiii ie?a.
Aeaaiui iaaeinoaoeii eaeaae eiioeaioeee yae io?ua neiaa io aeaea, oai?ee
io i?aeoeee, eaeaaea io eioa?ana… A eiaaea neiaie ainiiaenoaoao iaae
auoeai (aoaeue yoi ia?ac naaoeiaoi aoaeouaai eee anaiiaouae oaoieee),
oeaeue iai?aiaiii iiaeiaiyaony n?aaenoaii, a ioae?inoue – ?annoaeeii.
Aeeae iaoa?eaeeci. Iau aeeciue – aunoay oi?ia aeaeae iaoa?ee. Oioue
iauanoai e yae aeeaie neno iii ea/anoaaiii ioee/ io ae? aeeauo nenoai,
aunooiaao e eae iauaeo e eae noauaeo iao aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe.
Aeeaeaeoeei – iaoa?eaeeno iiieiaiea enoi?ee ia/eiaaony n ?aoaiey
iniiaiiai aii?ina oee a i?eiaiaiee e iauanoao. “Niciaiea ethaeae caaeneo
io eo auoey”. Yoi ooaa?aeaeaiea auoaeaao ec i?inoiai oaeoa, /oi “ethaee
a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue aeieaeiu anoue, ieoue, eiaoue aeeeeua e iaeaaaoueny,
i?aaeaea /ai auoue a ninoiyiee caieiaoueny iieeoeeie, iaoeie,
eneonnoaii, ?aeeaeae…” A aeey yoiai ioaeii o?oaeeoueny, i?iecaiaeeoue
iao aeaaa.
Eoae nouiinoue iao iiieiaiey enoi?ee inoieo a oii, /oi: 1. i?iecaiaenoai
e aneaae ca iei iaiai aai i?iaeoeoia ninoaae iniiao anyeiai iau no?iy.
2. enoi? i?ioeann, iau auoea iinyo iauaeo oa?aeoa? 3. aeaaiie aeaeae
neeie, i?aia?ac aeeciue iauanoaa, yaeythony ia?iaeiua iannu. 4.
n?aaenoaa aeey eciai nou iieiaeaiey aauae ioaeii ioe?uaaoue a iaee/iuo
iaoa? oaeoi?ao i?iecaiaenoaa.
Nioe caeiiu e eaoaai?ee. Iauaeoeaiay iniiaa e a?aieoeu /ae naiaiaeu.
A ioee/ee io i?e?iaeiie nioeeaeueiay caeiiiia?iinoue eiaao ?yae niaoeeo
/a?o: 1.Iau ioiioaiey i?eiei oi?io iau eioa?ania, iio?aaiinoae, oeaeae.
A yoi cia/eo /oi nioe caeiiu – cae ia oieueei iao, ii e aeooiaiie
aeayoaeueiine. 2.Iineieueeo iauanoai iaeiia? yaeyaony e iauaeoii e
noauaeoii, nioe cae – yoi cae /aeia aeayoaeueiinoe. Aac /ae aeayo,
eioi?ay aaiaoe/anee i?aae/ia, iao e ia i.a. nioe caeiiiia?iine. Enoi?ey
– yoi aeayoaeueiinoue i?aneaaeothuaai naie oeaee /aeiaaea. 3.Nioe
caeiiu ii oa? naiae aeayo – noaoenoe/aneea. 4. Niaoeeoeeie nioe caeiiia
yae eo enoi?e/iinoue. Aneaaenoaee oiai, /oi nioe yaiethoeey i?ioaeaao
aiea auno?uie oaiiaie, /ai yaie i?e?iaeu, iau ioiioaiey e oi?iu
eoeueoo?u aieaa iiaeaeaeiu /ai aaieia ia?eiaeu. Nioe i?aaeci i/aiue
aeeaie/ai, e aai cae iicaieytho oeiaeoue eeoue iauoth oaiaeaioeeth
?acaeoey, a yoi nicaeaao iaeoth aa?iyoiinoue onoaiiaeaey no?iaeo n?ieia
ianooieaiey niauoee.
Nioe caeiiu:
1. caeii ii?aaeaeythuae ?iee niiniaa ?iecaiaenoaa ii ioiio e ae? noa?ai
aeayoaeueiinoe.
2. caeii ii?aae ?iee yeiiii aacena ii ioiio e iaaeno?ieea
3.caeiiniioa i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo ioiioaiee o?iaith e oa?aeoa?o i?ieca nee.
4. caeii i?ia?anneaiie niaiu iau-yeiiii oi?iaoeee
5. caeii nioeeaeueiie ?aaiethoeee
6.caeii aic?anoathuae ?iee ia? iann a enoi?ee
7. caeii ioiineoaeueiie naiinoiyoaeueiinoe iau niciaiey.
8. caeii aicauoaiey iio?aaiinoae.
Nou aieueoia eie-ai nioe caeiiia /anoiiai ii?yaeea, eio aeaenoaotho a
ii?aae noa?ao iauanoaa. Ii a etha neo/aa iacaaenii io ianooaaa aeaenoaey
nioe caeiiu io?aaeatho iaee/ea nioe iaiaoiaeeiinoe e iauaeo oiaea iau
aeecie.
Aeaenoaey nioe caeiiia eiie?aoece?othony oee eaoaai?eyie: nioe iaoa?ey,
nioe a?aiy, nioe i?ino?ainoai, nioe i?ioeai?a/ea, nioe io?eoeaiea, nioe
?aaiethoeey, iau auoea e iau niciaiea. Naiaiaea e iaiaoiaeeiinoue, aacen
e iaaeno?ieea, iau oi?iaoeey, niinia i?iecaiaenoaa…
E?eoaee iauaeoeaiinoe nioe aeecie caeeth/aaony a iaee/ee nioe
i?aainoaaiiinoe, oae eae eaaeaeia iieieaiea ia/eiaao n oie ?aaeueiie
iniiau, eio aio aeinoaeanue. “Ethaee a iatho naia a auai?a naieo
i?iecaiaeeoaeueiuo neie, eio ia?acotho iniiao anae eo enoi?ee, oae eae
anyeay i?iecaiae neea anoue i?eia?aoaiiay neea, i?iaeoeo i?aaeoanoa
aeayoaeueiinoe.
Oiaaea eiaao ee ianoi naiaaea a iauanoaa? A /ai aea iia au?aaeaaony,
anee nou nioe caeiiu, au?aaeathuea iauaeoeaiue, iaiaoiaeeiue oiae
enoi?ee? A i?e?iaea iaiaoiaeeiinoe i?ioeainoieo neo/aeiinoue. A iauanoaa
n ae niioiineony naiaiaea. Naiaiaea a?aaeaeaaiu ia caeiiu, a aaccaeiiea,
oain. E iaiaoiaeeiinoue e naiaiaea a ?aaiie noaiaie iauaeoeaiu, oioy eo
ooieoe iaa?ocea e ?acee/ia. Iaiaoiaeeiinoue io?aaeaao ia/oi onoie/eaia,
nio?aiythuaany, /oi au?aae a caeiiao nio?aiaiey. Naiaiaea aea io?aaeaao
?acaeoea, iiyaeaiea iiaiai, iiauo aiciiaeiinoae, ii ia aaca
iaiaoiaeeiinoe. Iaiaoiae au?aaeaao iaee/iia, a naiaiaea noaaouaaao
aoaeouaa, eaeei ie? aeieaeai eee iiaeao auoue.Ie? enoi?ey – yoi i?ioeann
aic?anoaiey noaiaie naiaiaeu, ii a eaaeaeue enoi? ia?eiae iia eiaao naie
a?aieoeu. Naiaiaea iiiaieeea, ii nouiinoue aaeeia – iaee/ea
?aciiia?aciuo aiciiaeiinoae.
22. Eiaeeaeae, ee/iinoue, eiaeeaeaeoaeueiinoue. Naiaiaea e
ioaaonoaaiiinoue ee/iinoe a iauanoaa.
Eiaeeaeae (aoii) – iaaeaeeiue, aaeeiue, – /aeiaae eae /anoue eieeaeoeaa,
niaieoiiinoe ?iaea /aeiaa/aneiai.
A ianoiyuaa a?aiy nou 2 eiioeaioeee ee/iinoe: ee/iinoue eae
ooieoeeiiaeueiay (?ieaaay) oa?aeoa?enoeea /ae e ee/iinoue eae aai
nouiinoiay oa?aeoa?enoeea. Ia?aay eioeaioeey iie?aaony ia iiiyoea nioe
?iee /aeiaaea. Yoa eiioeaioeey iaeiaei ia iicaieyao ?ane?uoue aioo?aiiee
ie? /ae, oeene?oy oieueei aai aiaoiaa iiaaaeaiea, eio ia anaaaea
io?aaeaao nouiinoue /ae. Nouiinoiay eiioeaioeey yae aieaa aeoaieie.
Ee/iinoue – eiaeeaeaeoaeueiia au?aaeaiea iau ioiioaiee e ooieoeee
ethaeae, noauaeo iicaiey e i?aia?aciaaiey ie?a, i?aa e iaycaiinoae,
yoe/aneeo, ynoaoe/aneeo e anao eiuo nioe ii?i. Ee/iinoiua ea/ /ae a
oaeii neo/aa anoue i?iecaiaeiia io aai nioe ia?aca aeecie e
naiiniciathuaai ?acoia. Ee/iinoue iiyoiio anoue anaaaea iauanoaaiii
?acaeoue /aeiaae. Ee/iinoue anoue niaie o?ao aa iniiaiuo ninoaaeythueo:
aeiaaiaoe/aneeo caaeaoeia, aicaeaenoaey nioe oaeoi?ia e aa
ineoinioeeaeueiiai yae?a – “ss”. Aeaaiui ?acoeueoe?othuei naienoaii
ee/iinoe yae ie?iaicc?aiea. *aeiaae aii?ioaao naay: eoi y? ca/ai y? a
/ai niune iiae aeecie? Oieueei au?aaioaa oi eee eiia ie?iaicc?,
ee/iinoue, naiiii?aaeaeyynue a aeecie, iieo/aao aiciiaeiinoue iniciaii,
oeaeaiai?aaeaiii aeaenoaiaaoue, ?aaeecoy naith nouiinoue. Neiai oa?aeoa?
eae i?aaeei icia/aao ia?o ee/iinoiie neeu, o.a. neeo aiee. O.i.,
ee/iinoue – ia?a oeaeueiinoe /aeiaaea, aac aioo?aiiae oeaeueiinoe iao
ee/iinoe.
Eaaeaeue /ae aeieiae/anee iaiiaoi?ei. Iaeiaei iiaeeeiiue niune
oieeaeueiinoe nayca ia nieueei n aiaoiei aeaeii /aeia, neieueei n aai
aioo?aiiei aeoo ie?ii. “Eiaeeaeaeoaeueiinoue – yoi iaaeaeeiinoue,
aaeeinoai, oeaeinoiinoue, aaneiia/iinoue; n aieiau aei iia, io ia?aiai
aei iineaaeiaai aoiia, ianeaicue, iianthaeo y eiaeeaeaeoaeueiia
nouanoai”. O eaaeaeiai eiie?aoiiai /ae anaaaea anoue /oi-ieaoaeue naia,
oioy au iaiiaoi?eiay ooiinoue, ia iicaieythuay aio ioeaieoue neooaoeeth
e naay a iae. Eiaeeaeaeoaeueiinoue ia anoue aanietho. Iia eciaiyaony e
iaeiia?aiaiii inoaaony iaeciaiiie ia i?ioyaeaiee aeecie /aeiaaea.
Ioaaonoaaiiinoue – eaoaai?ey, io?aaeathuay iniaia nioeeaeueiia e
ii?aeueii i?aaiaia ioiioaiea ee/iinoe e iauanoao, e-ia oa?aeoa?ecoaony
auiieiaieai naiaai i?aanoaaiiiai aeieaa e i?aaiauo ii?i. Yoa eaoaai?ey
iaieiaaao oeeinionei-nioeeieiae/aneoth i?iaeaio niioiioaiey niiniaiinoe
e aiciiaeiinoe /aeiaaea aunooiaoue a ea/anoaa noauaeoa (aaoi?a) naieo
aeaenoaee e aieaa eiie?aoiua aii?inu: niiniaiinoue /aeiaaea niciaoaeueii
auiieiyoue ii?aaeaeaiiua o?aaiaaiey e inouanoaeyoue noiyuea ia?aae iei
caaea/e; niaa?oaoue i?aaeeueiue ii?aeueiue auai?; aeinoeaaoue
ii?aaeaeaiiiai ?acoeueoaoa, a oae aea naycaiiua n yoei aii?inu i?aaiou
eee aeiiaiinoe, aiciiaeiinoe iaeia?aiey eee inoaeaeaiey,
aiciaa?aaeaeaiey eee iaeacaiey. I. ?anniao?eaaaony a nayce n oeeinioneie
i?iaeaiie naiaiaeu.
Iaiaoiaeeiinoue e naiaiaea. Aii?in i ioiioaieyo naia e iaioiaeeiinoe
ecaa/ai. Ethaee iaeaaeatho cia/ naiaiaeie a ii?aaeaeaee oeaeae naiae
aeayoaeueiinoe, n?aaenoa aeey aeinoeae yoie oeaee. Naiaiaea
neaaeiaaoaeueii ia aaniethoia e i?aoai?yaony a aeeciue eae inou
aiciiaeiinoe iooai auai?a ii?aaeaeaiiie oeaee e ieaia aeaenoaee. Naia
aiee – yoi niiniaiinoue /ae i?eieiaoue ?aoaiey e niaa?oaoue iinooiee a
niioa ni naiei eioa?anaie, oeaeyie, ioeaieaie e eaeaaeaie,
au?aaeathuayny a aai ecae?aoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe, iniiaaiiie ia
iiciaiiuo ei iauaeoeaiuo naienoaao e ioiioai aauae, caeiiii naycae
yaeaiee e niauoee iauaeoeaiiai ie?a. O.i. eaaeaeia aeaenoaea /ae anoue
nieaa naia e iaiaoiae. => Naiaiaea ee/iinoe, iauanoaa caee ia a aiia?aae
iacaaenei io iauaeo oaeiiia, a a niiniaiinoe auae?aoue, i?eieiaoue
?aoaiey.
Eae aea naiaiaea niioiineony n iaiaoiaeeiinoueth? N iaeiie noi? naia
i?enoonoaoao a iaiaoiae, o.a. iaiaoiae ?aaeecoaony oieueei /a?ac
naiaiaeo, a aeaea aaneii oeaie auai?a a aeayoaeueiinoe ethaeae, eio,
iaeiaaeaeu ia/aaoenue, i?eaaea e aeaiiiio iau ninoiyieth. Yoi icia/aao,
/oi a enoi? i?ioeanna iaiaoiae ia oieueei niciaaony, ii e nicaeaaony. N
ae? noi?iiu iaiaoiae niaea?aeeoueny a naia a aeaea iauaeoeaii aeaiuo
enoi? ianoiyoaeuenoa, iauae oneiaee aeayo ethaeae. A iauai naiaiaea
anoue iniciaiiay iaiaoiaeeiinoue.
23. IAUANOA. IOIIOAIEss E NIOe. EINOEOOOU.
Iauanoaaiiua ioiio-y ( II) – iiiaiia?aciua nayce, aicieeathuea iaaeaeo
nioe-ie a?oiiaie, eeannaie, iaoeeyie, a oaeaea aioo?e ieo a i?ioeanna eo
yeiiiie/aneie, iieeoe/aneie, nioeeaeueiie aeecie e aeayo-oe.
A oee-ee II ?anniao?eaathony n iaoa?eaeenoe/aneie eee eaeaaeeno.
iiceoeee. Iaoa?eaeeno. iiieiaiea II aia?aua au?aaioaii ia?eneciii. II n
yoie oi/ee c?aiey aeaeyony ia iaoa?eaeueiua (aaceniua) e eaeaieiae/aneea
(iaaeno?ia/iua). Aeaaiuie yae-ny iao-ua – yeiiiie/., i?iec-ua ioiioaiey.
Oa?aeoa? iaoa?eaeueiuo II ii?aae-ny i?iecaiaeeoaeueiuie neeaie iauanoaa
e ia caaenyo io niciaiey e aiee ethaeae. Eaeaieiae/aneea II – iieeoe/-a,
i?aaiaua, i?aanoaaiiua e ae?. – aicieeatho ia aaca iaoa?eaeueiuo iau.
ioiio-e e neeaaeuaathony eae iaaeno?ieea iiae ieie, i?ioiaey
i?aaeaa?eoaeueii /a?ac niciaiea ethaeae. Aeaeaiea II ia iaoa?eaeueiua e
eaeaieiae/. iicaieyao ia oieueei ?acee/aoue a iau. ioiio-o
ii?aaeaeythuea e i?iecaiaeiua, ii e aiaeece?iaaoue eiie?aoiua
niaieoiiinoe iau. ioiio-e, a eioi?uo ni/aoathony e iaoa?-ua e
eaeaieiae/-a yeaiaiou. A nayce n oneiaeiaieai iauanoaaiiie aeecie
aicieeatho eiiieaenu iau-o ioiioaiee, naycaiiua ni niaoeeoe/aneie
aeayo-oueth ethaeae, – iao/iie, ooaeiaeanoaaiiie e o.ae.
Nioeeaeueiua einoeooou (NE) – yoi i?aaieciaaiiua iauaaeeiaiey ethaeae,
auiieiythueo ii?aaeaeaiiua nioeeaeueii cia/eiua o-oeee, iaania/eaathuea
niaianoiia aeinoeaeaiea oeaeae ia iniiaa auiieiyaiiai /eaiaie naieo
nioeeaeueiuo ?ieae, caaeaaaaiuo nioeeaeueiuie oeaiiinoyie, ii?iaie e
ia?acoeaie iiaaaeaiey.
Iaiaoiaeeiia oneiaea iiyaeaiey NE – nioeeaeueiay iio?aaiinoue. Einoeooou
i?ecaaiu i?aaieciauaaoue niaianoioth aeayo-oue ethaeae a oeaeyo
oaeiaeaoai?aiey oao eee eiuo nioeeaeuei. iio?aaiinoae ( einoeooo naiuee
oaeiaeaoai?yao iio?aaiinoue a aini?iecaiaenoaa /aeiaa/aneiai ?iaea e
ainieoaiee aeaoae, ?aaeecoao ioiioaiey iaaeaeo iieaie, iieieaieyie ).
NE i?aaenoaaeyao niaie naiinoiyoaeueiia iauanoaaiiia ia?aciaaiea, eio.
eiaao naith eiaeeo ?acaeoey, oa?-ny iaee/eai oeaee naiae aeayo-oe,
eiie?aoiuie ooieoeeyie, iaania/eaathueie aeinoeaeaiea oaeie oeaee,
iaai?ii nioeeaeueiuo ?ieae, oeie/iuo aeey aeaiiiai nioe-ai einoeoooa.
Aeaeu e o-oeee nioe. einoeoooia: 1) aini?iecaiaenoai /eaiia iauanoaa; 2)
nioeeaeecaoeey – ia?aaea/a eiaeeaeaeaie onoaiiaeaiiuo a aeaiiii iauanoaa
ia?acoeia iiaaaeaiey e niiniaia aeayo-oe – einoeooou naiuee,
ia?aciaaiey, ?aeeaee e o.ae.; 3) i?iec-ai e ?ani?aaeaeaiea
iaania/eaaaony yeiiiie/anei-nioe-ie einoeoooaie oi?aaeaiey e eiio?iey
– i?aaiu aeanoe.
24. Nioeeaeueiua iauiinoe.
Nioeeaeueiay no?oeoo?a iauanoaa – yoi niaieoiiinoue ioiineoaeueii
onoie/eauo nioeeae. iauiinoae ethaeae, ii?aaeaeaiiui ia?acii
acaeiiaeaenoa. iaaeaeo niaie: 1) Enoi?e/aneea iauiinoe ethaeae (?iae,
ieaiy…) 2) Ianaeaiea ai?iaea e aea?aaie.
3) ?aaioieee oece/aneiai e oinoaaiiiai o?oaea. 4) Eeannu e ?acee/iua
nioe. neie. 5) ?acee/iua eieeaeoeau ethaeae. 6) Naiuey.
Nioe. no?oeoo?a iauaeoeaia e ai iiiaii caaeneo io niiniaa i?iecaiaenoaa.
Ia?en ooaa?aeaeae, /oi:
1) Nouanoaiaaiea eeannia naycaii n ii?aaeaeaiiuie enoi?e/. oacaie
?acaeoey i?-aa. 2) Eeanniaay ai?ueaa iaioa?aoeii aaaeao e aeeeoaoo?a
i?ieaoa?eaoa. 3) Aeeeoaoo?a – anoue i?aoiaeiue iiiaio e iauanoao aac
eeannia. Iniiaiie eeanniia?acothuee i?eciae a ia?enecia – ioiioaiea e
n?aaenoaai i?-aa, ioiioaiea e nianoaaiiinoe. Oai?ey nioe. no?aoeoeeaoeee
– yoi nia?aiaiiay oai?ey, aiaeece?othuay nioe. no?oeoo?o iauanoaa.Ii
yoie oai?ee iauanoai aeaeeony ia no?aou, ca iniiao auaeaeaiey eioi?uo
aa?oo ?acee/iua i?eciaee. Ecaanoiue iai. nioeeieia IAO Aaaa? ca iniiao
aeaeaiey iauanoaa aa?ao nioe. noaoon. Ii auaeaeyao 3 noaooniuo
iieacaoaey: 1) O?iaaiue ia?aciaaiey. 2) I?ioanney, o?iaaiue
eaaeeoeeaoeee. 3) O?iaaiue aeioiaeia.
A niioaaonoaee n yoeie iieacaoaeyie Aaaa? ?acee/aao 3-e eeanna a
iauanoaa: 1) Aunoee eeann (oeiain. iaaiaou, e?oiiua i?iiuoeaiieee…) 2)
N?aaeiee eeann (niaieoiiinoue ethaeae iaaiiiai e naiinoiyo. o?oaea,
iaeaaeathueo iauei naiiniciaieai: a) aunoee neie n?aaeiaai eeanna
(n?aaeiea i?aaei?eieiaoaee) a) n?aaeiee neie a) ienoee neie (ethaee ni
n?aaeiei niaoe. ia?aciaaieai) 3) Ienoee eeann – ieceee o?iaaiue
ia?aciaaiey, nouanoaotho e ia?aeiaeueiua neie.
Ia?aeiaeecaoeey iauanoaa i?ienoiaeeo iiae aicaeaenoaeai nioe. e
oaoiinaeaeaia e naycaii n ?anoaouaaieai e eiieie ii?iaoeaii-oeaiiinoiuo
nenoai. Iniiaa noaaeeueiinoe iauanoaa – n?aaeiee eeann. A iauanoaa,
?acaeaeaiiii ia eeannu, nouanoaoao nioeeae. iiaeeueiinoue, o.a.
ia?aiauaiea ec iaeieo nioe. neiaa a ae?. Iia auaaao ai?ecio. e aa?oeeae.
Iauanoai n?aaieaatho n iiiaiyoaaeiui aeiiii, a eioi?ii aeaeaeoony 6
eeooia: yeiiiieea, a?iey, iieeoeea, oea?eiaue e eoeueoo?a, a?ae. Iieeo.
no?oeoo?a – niaieoiiinoue iieeo einoeoooia, eaeae ii?i. ecaa?aoaeueiiai
i?aaa, iauanoaaiiia aiiaiea n iiiiuueth eio. inouanoaeyaony aeanoue e
aeeyiea ia iaa.
25. Iaoo?aeenoe/aneea i?aaenoaaeaiey a nioeeaeueiie oeeinioee e
aaiiieeoe/aneea aeieo?eiu.
Iauanoai i?aaenoaaeyao niaie naioth neiaeioth iaoa?eaeueioth nenoaio,
oae eae oeaio?aeueiay oeao?a a ia /aeiaae, eioi?ue ?acoiai. A oeeinioee
iiaeoiae e iauanoao i.a. ?acee/iui, ii auaeaeytho 3 iniiaiuo iiaeaee:
(1) iaoo?aeenoe/aneay; (2) eaeaaeenoe/aneay; (3)
enoi?eei-iaoa?eaeenoe/aneay.
Iaoo?aeenoe/aneay iiaeaeue iauanoaa a nioe oee-ee enoiaeeo ec oiai, /oi
o iauanoaa anoue caeiiu, eioi?ua iiaeii iiciaoue, a neaaeiaaoaeueii
iauanoaii iiaeii oi?aaeyoue. Iineieueeo /aeiaae /anoue i?e?iaeu, oi aai
aeayoaeueiinoue ii?aaeaeyaony anoanoaaiiuie caeiiaie. I?e?iaea
iiiaiia?acia. Anoue einie/aneea oeeeeu eioi?ua ieacuaatho aicaeaenoaea
ia /aeiaaea, o enoi?ee anoue ?eoiu eioi?ua ii?aaeaeythony anoanoaaiiuie
i?ioeannaie. I ieo aiai?ee Aoieeaa, *a?iuoaaneee. Aoieeaa iuoaeny
iauynieoue enoi?e/aneee i?ioeann einie/aneeie e aeieiae/aneeie caeiiaie.
“I?e?iaea aeaao yia?aaoe/aneee caian, iiyaeythony ianneiia?iua ethaee
(eiathuea ecauoie yia?aee) e aiinyo eciaiaiey a enoi?eth”. Oae
i?aaeiieaaae Aoieeaa, iaeiaei iiyaeaiea ianneiia?eaa caaaaei/ii e
iaiiiyoii. Einie/aneea ?eoiu aaconeiaii anoue e ieacuaatho eaeia oi
aicaeaenoaea, ii aii?in i eo aeeyiee ia enoi?e/aneee i?ioeann inoaaony
ioe?uoui.
Aoi?ie iaoo?aeenoe/aneee iiaeoiae. Iineaaeiaaoaee *. Aea?aeia iuoathony
iauynieoue oiae enoi?ee ai?ueaie ca nouanoaiaaiea. Iiyaeyaony ?aneci.
Iaeiaei naycuaaoue enoi?eth ia?iaeia n ?aniauie ?acee/eyie ia
i?aaiia?ii.
Ae?oaie iaoo?aeenoe/aneee iiaeoiae ii?aaeaeyaony oai?eae O?aeaea e aai
ineoiaiaeecii. Yia?aaoe/aneee caian ii?aaeaeyao aeeciaiiua neeu
/aeiaaea. O?aeae anth aeeciue ethaeae iuoaeny iauynieoue iieiaie
yia?aeae.
Nioeeiaeieiaey naycuaaao aeeciue /aeiaaea n ianeaaenoaaiiinoueth.
Nioeeaeueiia iieiaeaiea ethaeae ii?aaeaeyaony aaiaie, i?e/ai ia
iaycaoaeueii nouanoaiaaiea /aeiaaea aeieaeii iineoue aa?anneaiue
oa?aeoa? ai acaeiiioiioaieyo, ia eioi?uo no?ieony iauanoai. Yoo iiaeaeue
no?iyo a?a/e, aeieiae e o.i. E yoiio iai?aaeaieth ioiineony
aaia?aoe/aneia, eioi?ia iauyniyao enoi?eth eeeiaoii. Aaiiieeoeea
ia?auaaony e aaia?aoee /oiau iauynieoue, /oi aaia?aoe/aneia iieiaeaiea
ii?aaeaeyao enoi?eth, iieeoeeo, yeiiiieeo iauanoaa.
Ana yoi iaoo?aeeci, eioi?ue naiaeeo caeiiu iauanoaa e i?e?iaea.
26. Iiiyoea iau-ye. oi?iaoeee e niiniaa i?-aa.
Iaee/ea ii?aaeaeaiiuo yoaiia eae a ?acaeoee ioaeaeueiuo no?ai, oae e ana
/aeiaa/aneie enoi?ee ioia/aeinue iuneeoaeyie ecaeaaia. Eo auaeaeaiea
ia?aaeei auei iaoneiaeaii caaea/aie iainiiaaiey i?iaeoia “eaeaaeueiiai
iauanoaa”, a eioi?ii auee au i?aiaeieaiu ii?iee, iaaeinoaoee iauanoaa
nouanoaothuaai. Iniiau iao/iie oeiecaoeee enoi?e/aneiai i?ioeanna
caeiaeee Aaaaeue. Aaaaeue auaeaeye o?e oaeeo enoi?e/aneeo nooiaie e
niioaaonoaaiii o?e oeia iauanoaa: ainoi/iue ie?, aioe/iinoue, aa?iaineee
ie?. Oieiae – 21 oeeaeeecaoeey. Aaaa? – “eaeaaeueiue oei”, iiaeaeue – ii
eoeueoo?iui oeaiiinoyi. ?inoio “aae.eiaeono?.iauanoai” e
“iino.eiae.iauanoai”. E.Ia?en: iaoiae enneaaeiaaiey iauanoaa eae
nioeeaeueiiai i?aaiecia, ?acaeoea eioi?iai niaa?oaaony caeiiiia?ii, eae
e ?acaeoea i?e?iaeiuo i?aaie/aneeo nenoai. A oiaea anoanoaaiiie
yaiethoeee aicieeatho iiaua oi?iu e aeaeu ni naieie iniauie
ea/anoaaiiuie oa?aeoa?enoeeaie. Iiaeiaii yoiio e ?acaeoea /aeiaa/anoaa
i?aaenoaaeyao niaith anoanoaaiii-enoi?e/aneee i?ioeann ooieoeeiie?iaaiey
e niaiu ea/anoaaiii ii?aaeaeaiiuo oeiia iauanoaa, eioi?ue inouanoaeyaony
a niioaaonoaee n iauaeoeaiuie, niaoeeoe/aneeie aeey iauanoaa caeiiaie.
Ia?aiauoii-iaueiiue, ?aaiaeaaeaeue/aneee, oaiaeaeueiue,
eaieoaeeenoe/aneee, nioeeaeenoe/aneee, eiiioienoe/aneee. E.Ia?en
i?iaaaey eco/aiea enoie/aneiai i?ioeanna, i?aaenoaaee anth enoi?eth
/aeiaa/anoaa eae caeiiiia?iue i?ioeann ?acaeoey e niaiu
iauanoaaiii-yeiiiie/aneeo oi?iaoeee. Iauacoaaiii-yeiiiie/aceay oi?iaoeey
– yoi eiie?aoii-enoi?e/aneee oei iauanoaa, acyoiai a aai oeaeinoiinoe
(?ace. noi?iiu aeecie iauanoaa), ooieoeeiie?othuee e ?acaeaathueeny a
niioaaonoaee n i?enoueie aio iauaeoeaiuie caeiiaie.
Niinia i?-aa – enoi?e/aneia aaeeinoai i?iecaiaeeoaeueiuo nee e
i?iec.ioiioaiee, oa?aeoa?ecothuaa nioeeaeueiua aniaeou aeayoaeueiinoe
/aeiaaea, iai?aaeaiiua ia nicaeaiea iao.aeaa. N.i. – iaoa?eaeueiay
iniiaa I.ye.o., ii?aaeaeythuay aa iniaaiiinoe, ?acaeoea e ia?aoiae io
iaeiie o. e ae?oaie. ?acaeoea N.i. iiae/eiyaony anaia. caeiio
niioaaonoaey i?iec.ioiioaiee oa?aeoa?o e o?iaith ?acaeoey
i?iec.ioiioaiee. ?aca-a I.N. i?eaiaeeo e oie/oiaeaieth I.I. e ?acaeoeth
iiaiai N.i. e I.y.o.
27. Iiiyoea oeeaeeecaoeee e i?ioeann aa noaiiaeaiey.
Oeeaeeecaoeey ia eiaao iaeiicia/iiai iiiyoey. Nouanoaotho ?acee/iua
iiaeoiaeu a iiieiaiee oeeaeeecaoeee. (1) Oeeaeeecaoeeth /anoi
ioiaeaeanoaeytho n eoeueoo?ie. (2) Oeeaeeecaoeey – yoai a ?acaeoee
eoeueoo?u. Yoi iiieiaiea aei eiae/aneie caaa?oaiiinoe aeiaae iaiaoeeee
oeeinio Oiaiaea?, eioi?ue iaienae eieao “Caeao Aa?iiu”, aaea aiai?ee /oi
?acaeoea enoi?ee eiaao oeeeee/aneee oa?aeoa?. Eaaeaeue oeeee – yoi
eoeueoo?a – au?aaeaiea aeooa iaoeee. Nia/aea ia?anoatho aeooiaiua
oeaiiinoe, a caoai iie ia/eiatho einoeiaoue, inouanoaeyaony ia?aoiae e
iaoea e oaoieea – yoi anoue oeeaeeecaoeey, caoai i?ienoiaeeo ?aniaae
eoeueoo?u e ia/eiaaony iiaue oeeee. Yoa eieaa auea iaienaia iinea 1-ie
ie?iaie aieiu e eiaea oiaeaeaiea aei na?aaeeiu 30-uo aiaeia. O Oiaiaea?a
auee iniiaaiey aiai?eoue, /oi iaoea e oaoieea a?aaeaeaaiu eoeueoo?a, yoi
eino?oiaio ii ioaeia oeaeue aeey eniieueciaaiey yoiai eino?oiaioa,
eioi?ay ii?aaeaeyaony eoeueoo?ie. Oae eae iaoea auaeaeaaaony ia ia?aia
ianoi, oeaee eoeueoo?u ioiaeaeaathony ia caaeiee ieai, a iaoea e oaoieea
iieo/aao naii?acaeoea. Yoi aa?ii, ii ia aa?iui yaeyaony ooaa?aeaeaiea
/oi yoi i?eaaaeao e eaoano?ioa. (3) Oeeaeeecaoeey eae nooiaiue a
?acaeoee /aeiaa/anoaa.
Eoeueoo?a iiyaeeanue ?aiueoa oeeaeeecaoeee, aianoa n /aeiaaeii.
Eoeueoo?iue ie? ?anoe?yaony, ieacuaaao aeaaeaiea ia einoeieou /aeiaaea.
Oeeaeeecaoeey oa?aeoa?ecoaony: 1) i?aa?auaiea iaoa?eaeueiiai
i?iecaiaenoaa a iniiaiie enoi/iee iieo/aiey iaoa?eaeueiuo aeaa. *aeiaae
io niae?aoaeuenoaa ia?aoiaeeo e i?iecaiaenoao; 2) iaoa?eaeueiia
i?iecaiaenoai noaiiaeony ia iiae iiae aeeyieai ?acaeaeaiey o?oaea,
iiyaeyaony ?aianei, caieaaeaeea, neioiaiaenoai. Ia yoie iniiaa
neeaaeuaathony oiaa?ii-aeaiaaeiua ioiioaiey, oi?ie?oaony nianoaaiiinoue,
e neaaeiaaoaeueii nicaeaaony ainoaea?noai. Yoe /a?ou oa?aeoa?ecotho
oeeaeeecaoeeth eae noaiaiue a iauanoaaiiii ?acaeoee. Ii oeeaeeecaoeey
iiieiaaony e eae i?aaiecaoeey iauanoaa. Iauanoai i.a. i?aaieciaaii ia
iniiaa /anoiie nianoaaiiinoe, ainoaea?noaa e i?aaiauo ioiioaiee. Yoa
i?aaiecaoeey o?aaoao ii?aaeaeaiiiai ?acaeoey nioeeaeueiuo ioiioaiee e
oaoieee. Iiyoiio oeeaeeecaoeeth iiieiatho eae ii?aaeaeaiiue oei
nioeeaeueii-oaoie/aneie i?aaiecaoeee iauanoaa. Yoi iiieiaiea iicaieyao
aeaeaoue ?acee/iua oeeaeeecaoeee. O.i., iiaeii auaeaeeoue aa?a?iia e
eiaeono?eaeueiia iauanoai. Aii?inaie oeeaeeecaoeee caieiaeenue
Nai-Neiii, Iaen Aaaa?. A OO a oeeaeeecaoeey caaiaaaea i?i/iue oa?aeoa?.
A NNN? oeeaeeecaoeeiiiue iiaeoiae e?eoeeiaaeny, o.e. ii eiieo?e?iaae n
oi?iaoeeiiiui iiaeoiaeii. A iano a? e ia?enenou aiai?yo i oeeaeeecaoeee.
A /anoiinoe eiiioienou aiai?yo i ia?aoiaea e o?aoueae oeeaeeecaoeee –
eioi?iaoeeiiiiio iauanoao. Oaeei ia?acii, iiiyoea oeeaeeecaoeee
iniiauaaaony iiieiaiee ia?iaeiioicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe e yeaiaioao
oeaiiinoae. Oae aa?aiay oeeaeeecaoeey o anao ia?iaeia, ii eiaao
?acee/iue ie?an. Oae aeey eeoaeoeaa i?aiaeaaeathuee i?eioeei “o-aye”.
Iiiyoea oeeaeeecaoeee iaoeaeeaaao ia oi /oi enoi?eth aeaeatho ethaee.
Aa?a?iay oeeaeeecaoeey neeaaeuaaaony a ?acoeueoaoa 1-ie ?aaiethoeee
i?iecaiaeeoaeueiuo nee. Caieaaeaeea noaei i?aiaeaaeathuei aeaeii
aeayoaeueiinoe, /oi iiaeaeei ca niaie noaiiaeaiea iinaeaiee e oeaio?ia
iinaeaiee. Inaaeeue ia?ac aeecie aaaeao e ?acaeoeth ?aianea.
Caieaaeaeue/aneea iinaeaiey noaiiayony aieaa aiaaouie /ai
neioiaiae/aneea ieaiaia. Iineaaeiea ia/eiatho iaiaaeaoue. Caieaaeaeueoeu
nicaeatho oe?aieaiey, a?ieth, oi?ie?othony oi?aiaua oeaio?u. Iinaeaiey
nicaeathony ia aa?aaao ?ae. ?aee o?aaotho ii?aaeaeaiiiai ?aaoee?iaaiey.
Iiyaeyaony i?ioanneiiaeueiay a?oiia i?aaiecaoi?ia. A ?acoeueoaoa oaeeo
eciaiaiee – nicaeaaony a?oiia oeeaeeecaoi?ia – aaeieieno?aoeaiua
oeaio?u, eioi?ua aeeaoo ca n/ao ?aio e iaeiaia. Ai?iae aunooiaao
aeaniioii ii ioiioaieth e naeueneioicyenoaaiiui iaueiai. Nieioue e
?yaeii aaeieieno?aoeee iaiythony ii aeeciue a iaueiao eaeao naiei
/a?aaeii. Caieaaeaeue/aneea iaueiu ciatho /anoioth nianoaaiiinoue ii ia
auaeaeyao aa, ethaee aeeaoo ae?oaeii e iaueiie, /oi ii?aaeaeeei
onoie/eainoue oeeaeeecaoeee.
Eiaeono?eaeueiia iauanoai. I?aaeunoi?ey eiaeono?eaeueiiai iauanoaa yoi
?ei e A?aoeey. Caieaaeaeueoeu ia iiaee i?iei?ieoueny, aeeee ca n/ao
oi?aiaee e i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa. Iiyoiio a ae?aaiae a?aoeee e a
ae?aaiai ie?a neiaeeeanue /anoiay nianoaaiiinoue e ?aanoai. Iaeiaei,
?aanoai ?aca?auaei /aeiaa/anoai, /oi eiiaoaeei yoe ainoaea?noaa. Ii aeoo
i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa e /anoiie nianoaaiiinoe aeaaii?eyoii iiaeeyee ia
?acaeoea iaoee e oaoieee. Onoaiiaea ia ?acaeoea iaoee e oaoieee – yoi
onoaiiaea yoiai iauanoaa. O ae?aaieo iauanoa Eeoay, Eiaeee e o.ae. auee
ae?oaea oeaiiinoe.
Ia ?acaaeeiao ?eia e A?aoeee noi?ie?iaaeenue caiaaeii-aa?iiaeneea
ainoaea?noaa. Oianeaaeiaaa eo iiuo, iie iieo/eee aiciiaeiinoue
yenia?aiaioe?iaaoue, ii ei ioaeiu auee oaea iiaua oeaiiinoe.
Ia?aay oeaiiinoue e?anoueyinoaa – aaaeiinoue, iioii i?eoea oeaiiinoue –
ieeina?aeea. I?ioanoainoai eciaieei neooaoeeth, iiyaeeanue nenoaia
oeaiiinoae: ?aaioae e iieenue, o.a. ?aaioae ?aaee iaiaauaiey; ?aaioae,
aoaeue aa?aaeeea e ou aoaeaoue aiaao, a neaaeiaaoaeueii ou aoaeaoue
iieacai iauanoao. Yoa nenoaia oeaiiinoae neiiaea aa?a?ioth
oeeaeeecaoeeth e i?ieiaeeea iooue e eiaeono?eaeueiiio iauanoao. A iniiao
oeeaeeecaoeee eaa ?aoeeiiaeeci yeiiiie/aneee, iieeoe/aneee, oaoie/aneee.
Yeiiiie/aneee ?aoeeiiaeeci – oi, /oi ia ieoiaaony oi aeieaeii
ioa?anuaaoueny. Iieeoe/aneee ?aoeeiiaeeci – ioaeii noaaeeueiia iauanoai,
eioi?ia aiciiaeii ca n/ao aeaiie?aoee. Iiiaea n/eoatho /oi yeiiiie/aneee
?aoeeiiaeeci aaaeao e aeaaee, o.e. /aeiaae nicaeai o?oaeii, oi anee ana
aaoiiaoece?iaaoue, /aeiaae eeoeony naie nouiinoe.
28. OI?IE?IAAIEA AINOAeA?NOAA.
Auoea /aeiaaea a iau-aa i?aaeiieaaaao nouanoaiaaiea aeanoe. A aeeaioiii
ie?a nouanoaoao aeanoue eeaea?a, ei yaeyaony iaeaieaa neeueiia
aeeaioiia. Aeaoe ioaeaeathony a io?aia, neaae-ii nouanoaoao aeanoue
?iaeeoaeae. Iia ?acoiia, anoanoaaiia, iino?iaia ia aaoi?eoaoa
?iaeeoaeae. Yoi nio?aiyony a iauanoaaiiuo ioiioaieyo. Iau-ai ia iiaeao
auoue aac aeanoe. Iauanoaaiiy aeanoue aace?oaony ia iiuoa, ciaiee
niaoeeaeenoia. Ethaee ia?aaeatho ei aeanoue. O.I. auaeaeyaony iniaay
a?oiia, caiyoay oi?aaeaieai. Iia o?aaoao i?aaeinoaaeaoey
niioaaonoaothueo i?aa, eioi?ua e iieo/aao. A neaaenoaee yoiai iia
ia/eiaao auiieiyoue naie ooieoeee ia n/eoaynue ni ni?aaaaeeeainoueth,
o?aaeeoeeyie. Aieiu, ?acaeaeaiea o?oaea e oiaa?iua ioiioaiey i?e/eia
aicieeiiaaiey ainoaea?noaa.
Ain. aeanoue – iniaay aeanoue. 1.Iia i?aaeiieaaaao iaee/ey iniaie
i?ioanneiiaeueiie a?oiiu,eioi?ay anth aeeciue oi?aaeyao iauanoaaiiuie
aeaeaie. 2. Yoi iniaua aii?oaeaiiua io?yaeu, au?aaeathuea ain. aeanoue.
I?aaiaua ii?iu eiatho iniaaiiinoe: i?iaicaeaoathony io eiaie anaai
iauanoa e oi?iaeueii iie iai?aaeaiu ia iiaeaea?aeaiea oneeee
iauanoaaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa e aeecie.
Ia-ai ia iiaeao aeeoue aac ainoae.i?aaiia. Iie aa?oo ia naay auiieiaiea
iiiaeo ooieoeee: ia?aciaaiea, cae?aaiio?aiaiea, ?acaeoea nia?aiaiiuo
io?aneae i?iecaiaenoaa, caueoa a?aaeaeai.
Ain-ai – yoi i?aaiaay iauanoaaiiay aeanoue, iie?athuayny ia
iaoa?eaeueioth neeo naiaai aaeieieno?aoeai., noaeaaiiai e aiaiiiai
aiia?aoa. Yoi i?aaiecaoeey iieeo. aeanoe, yeiiiieee. Ecaeaao iieiaeaiey,
iai?aaeaiiua ia ?aaoee?iaaiea aaeieieno?ao., eiouanoa., oeiainiauo e
ae?. ioiioaiee iaaeaeo a?aaeaeaiaie e o/?aaeaeaieyie.
?aniieaaay e?oiiuie oeiainiauie e ae?. aiciiaeiinoyie, ain-ai aa?ao ia
naay eieoeeaoeao ii nicaeaieth iiauo io?aneae i?iecaiaenoaa, ii ?aoaieth
?oiiuo ia?iaeioicyenoaaiiuo caaea/.. I?aaiaia ain-ai, anee e ia
iaania/eaaao eioa?anu anao neiaa ianaeaiey, oi ai anyeii neo/aa aeaao
iaeneiaeueioth aiciiaeiinoue a yoii ioiioaiee.
A ioee/ea io i?aanoaaiiuo ii?i a i?aainiciaiee iiiyoey aeieaeiiai e
ni?aaaaeeeaiai iuneyony eae aicaaaeaiiua ia o?iaaiue ain. caeiia,
ia?ooaiea eioi?iai nii?iaiaeaeaaony i?aaiauie naieoeeyie. Iniaaiiinoue
i?aaiauo ii?i ninoieo a oii, /oi anee ii?iu i?aainiciaiey oi?ioee?othony
e i?iaiaeyony a aeeciue ainoaea?noai, oi i?aanoaaiua ii?iu
neeaaeuaathony e ooieoeeiie?otho a iaiin?aaenoaaiiie i?aeoeea
iiaaaeaiey. Iie cae?aieythony iauanoaaiiui i?eciaieai eo oeaiiinoe n
o.c?. anaiauaai aeaaa aeey oiai eee eiiai eieeaeoeaa,ia eiay i?e yoii
th?eaee/anee cae?aieaiiie neeu.
29. *aeiaa/anoai ia?aae eeoeii aeiaaeueiuo i?iaeai.
OO aae enoi?ee /aeiaa/anoaa iciaiaiiaai aicieeiiaaieai e oaeoaeaieai
aeiaaeueiuo i?iaeai. Aeiaaeueiua i?iaeaiu – yoi niaieoiiinoue i?iaeai
anaai /aeiaa/anoaa, io ?aoaiey eioi?uo caaeneo nio?aiaiea oeeaeeecaoeee.
Iie iiiaiia?aciu. E /eneo iaeaieaa aaaeiuo ioiinyo: no?aieoaeueiue ?ino
ia?iaeiianaeaiey Caiee, aaaeouee e aeaiia?aoe/aneiio ac?uao; aeeaeaeoay
ia?niaeoeaa en/a?iaiey o?aaeeoeeiiiuo yia?aaoe/aneeo e ae?oaeo
i?e?iaeiuo ?ano?nia; aani?aoeaaeaioiia caa?yciaiea n?aaeu iaeoaiey
/aeiaa/anoaa, a?icyuaa yeieiae/aneie eaoano?ioie.
Na?ueaciie i?iaeaiie nia?aiaiiiai ie?a yaeyaony “aeaiia?aoe/aneee
ac?ua”. Aeanyoue ouy/ eao iacaae auei ieiei 5iei /aeiaae, 2 ouny/e eao
iacaae – ieiei 200 iei, a 1960 a – 3 ie?ae, a 1975 – 4 ie?ae, a 1987 – 5
ie?ae. Anee yoio oaii i?e?inoa ianaeaiey nio?aieony oi e 2000a ia Caiea
aoaeao aieaa 6 ie?ae /aeiaae, a e eiioeo 21 aaea a aeaa ?aca aieueoa.
Aeey naiae aeecie ethaee ioaeaeathony a eenei?iaea, i?iaeoeoao ieoaiey,
i?iiuoeaiiuo oiaa?ao. Ana yoi naiei enoi/ieeii eiaao i?e?iaeo. Enoiaey
ec n?aaeiaai o?iaiy aeecie /aeiaaea a NOA, ia 1 ei2 iiaoo aeeoue 57
/aeiaae, a ia anae caiea – 5,7 ie?ae /aeiaae. Iniaay ino?aoa yoie
i?iaeaiu iiae/a?eeaaaony oai, /oi nauoa 4/5 i?e?inoa ie?iaiai ianaeaiey
i?eoiaeeony ia ?acaeaathueany no?aiu. A eoiaa noieue auno?iai ?inoa
/eneaiiinoe ianaeaiey ?acaeaathueony no?ai e eo yeiiiie/aneiai
ionoaaaiey oneeeaaaony ianoaaeeueiinoue a ie?iaie yeiiiieea e iieeoeea.
E yoiio iaaei aeiaaaeoue /oi ai iiiaeo no?aiao NIA oioue o?iaaiue
i?e?inoa ianaeaiey ia aunieee, ii ca n/ao nieaeaiey aeeciaiiai o?iaiy a
ioiineoaeueiii ioiioaiee, aeaeaao yoe no?aiu iiniuie n o.c?. yaea?iiai
iioaioeeaea. Iaoeeiiiue ?ino ia?iaeiianaeaiey ieaiaou noaeeeaaaony n ia
iaiaa neiaeiie aeiaaeueiie i?iaeaiie – en/a?iaiey o?aaeeoeeiiiuo
yia?aeoe/aneeo ?ano?nia. Oae caianu oaey ninoaaeytho 600 eao, iaooe – 90
eao, i?e?iaeiiai aaca – 50 eao, o?aia – 27 eao. O.i. ana aeaeu oiieeaa
ii anai eaoaai?eyi aoaeoo niaeaiu ca 800 eao. I?e yoii IOI a iai?aaeaiee
nicaeaiey ?aaiethoeeiiiuo oaoiieiaee i?iecaiaenoaa ia aaca
i?eioeeieaeueii iiauo i?aaeiaoia e n?aaenoa o?oaea ia ca?aeiiaiaeiaae
naay. O?aaeeoeeiiiua yia?aeoe/aneea ?ano?nu ia oieueei ia?aie/aiu, eo
eniieueciaaiea caa?yciyao aoiinoa?o. Ia naeeaaiea oaey, aaca e iaooe ec
aoiinoa?u aaeaaiaeii ecuiaaony 20 iei oiii eenei?iaea, a a caiai
aua?anuaathony ieeeeiiu oiii oaeaeeneiai aaca e i?i/eo yaeiaeouo
aauanoa. Ieaiaoa aoeaaeueii oiiao a ianna yaeiaeouo iooiaeia
i?iiuoeaiiinoe.
A ianoiyuaa a?aiy aeinoa?a auoea ec ninoiyiey onoie/eainoe. Iia
ia?anoaea iiaeauaoue ecauoie oaea?iaea a aoiinoa?a e, iaiai?io, ia/aea
aua?anuaaoue oaea?iae a iaa. Aeinoa?a oo?aoeea niiniaiinoue
noaaeeece?iaaoue ie?oaeathuoth n?aaeo. Ii?ia onoie/eainoe
eiioeiaioaeueiie /anoe aeinoa?u i?aauoai a 5-7 ?ac. I?e yoii neaaeoao
eiaoue a aeaeo, /oi anee ?ano?niay iiaeaeue aeiioneaao /eneaiiinoue
ianaeaiey Caiee a 7-8 ie?ae /aeiaae, oi aeinoa?a – anaai 1-2 ie?ae.
Aic?anoaiea oaiiia i?e?inoa ianaeaiey oyaeeei a?ocii eaaei ia aeinoa?o,
iio?aaiaaa aieaa eioaineaiiai eniieueciaaiey ieiaei?iaeey ii/a. A nayce
n ?inoii ianaeaiey n?aaeiyy ieiuaaeue iinaaia ca?iiauo eoeueoo?,
i?eoiaeyueony ia iaeiiai /aeiaaea, oiaiueoeeanue ca iineaaeiea
o?eaeoeaoue eao ia iaeio o?aoue. Anee a ia/aea 20 aaea ia 1 /aeiaaea
i?eoiaeeeinue 9 aa eoeueoo?iuo caiaeue, oi e na?aaeeia aaea yoio
iieacaoaeue ninoaaeye oaea 6aa, a a iano a? ieiei 3 aa (ii a NOA caiee
ioaiaeyo iiae ia?ee e o.ae.).
Oae iacuaaaiua eioaineaiua oaoiieiaee enoiuatho ieiaei?iaeea ii/a (/ooue
– a NOA nai aeaeae ioee/ea caiaeue o?eaeoeaoue eao iacaae e a iano a?.)
Oaaee/eaathuaany /enei aeiaaeueiuo i?iaeai e eo oaeoaeaiea yaeythony
i?eciaeii e?ecena oeeaeeecaoeee e yoi e?ecen ia ioaeaeueiuo noi?ii
auoey, a iniiaiuo oi?i aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe aa?iiaeneie eiaeono?eaeueii
oaoie/aneie oeeaeeecaoeee, eaeaeii-ie?iaic?ai/anee ainoiaeyuae e
a?a/aneie eoeueoo?a. Iaeiia?aiaiii yoio e?ecen eanaaony e nia?aiaiiiai
/aeiaaea aiiaua, niiniaa aai naii?aaeecaoeee, eai ana no?aiu ie?a, ana
ia?iaeu, iuoaynue aeinoe/ue o?iaiy aeecie i?iiuoeaiii ?acaeouo no?ai
Caiaaeiie Aa?iiu e NOA, no?aiyoueny eaeoe ii eo iooe. Ae?oaiai niiniaa
oniaoiie naii?aaeecaoeee nia?aiaiiue /aeiaae ia ciaao. Aio ii/aio iiaeii
neacaoue, /oi nia?aiaiiue /aeiaae, niinia aai auoey iaoiaeyony a
aeoai/aeoai e?ecena.
30. Iiiyoea yeinenoaiu. Aeiaaeueiua yeieiae/aneea i?iaeaiu nia?aiaiiie
oeeaeeecaoeee.
Aeiaaeecaoeey nioeeaeueiuo, eoeueoo?iuo, yeiiiie/aneeo e iieeoe/aneeo
i?ioeannia a ie?a, ii?iaeeea ?yae na?ueaciuo i?iaeai, iaeiie ec eioi?uo
yaeyaony yeieiae/aneay i?iaeaia.
Nouiinoue yeieiae/aneie i?iaeaiu ninoieo a io/aoeeai iaia?oaeeaoainy e
oaeoaeythuainy i?ioeai?a/ee iaaeaeo i?iecaiaeeoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoueth
/aeiaa/anoaa e noaaeeueiinoueth i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu aai iaeoaiey. Eae
ioia/ae iniiaaoaeue ?eineiai Eeoaa A. Ia//ae: “Enoeiiay i?iaeaia
/aeiaa/aneiai aeaea a oii /oi ii ieacaeny ianiiniaiui a eoeueoo?iii
ioiioaiee eaeoe a iiao e i?eniiniaeony e oai eciaiaieyi, eioi?ua nai
aian a yoio ie?”. Yoe eciaiaiey yaeythony ieiaeii anae
eoeueoo?ii-i?aia?aciaaoaeueiie, e i?aaeaea anaai, i?iecaiaenoaaiiie
aeayoaeueiinoe. Ianna anao eneonnoaaiii nicaeaiiuo /aeiaaeii
iaiaeooaaeaiiuo i?aaeiaoia e aeeauo i?aaieciia iacuaaaony oaoiiiannie.
?an/aou o/aiuo iieacaee, /oi oaoiiianna i?iecaiaeeiay /aeiaa/anoaii ca 1
aiae ninoaaeyao 10 a 13-14 noaiaie, a aeiianna i?iecaiaeeiay ia nooa 10
a 23. Ec yoeo ?an/aoia neaaeoao, /oi /aeiaa/anoai nicaeaei
eneonnoaaiioth n?aaeo, eioi?ay a 10 ?ac i?iaeoeoeaiaa anoanoaaiiie
n?aaeu. Yoi iaeei ec aaaeiaeoeo oaeoi?ia, iaoneaaeeaathuee iinoaiiaeo
ia?aae /aeiaa/anoaii yeieiae/aneie i?iaeaiu. A yoie nayce iniaoth
ino?ioo i?eia?aoaao ?ani?ino?aiaiea a ie? n?aaea i?iecaiaenoa e
i?iaeoeoeee, e iniaaiii caa?yciythueo, aucuaathueo eaoaeeeciu. Oaea a
iaic?eiii aoaeouai aiciiaeii iaeeaeaiea iioaieaiey e oayiey eaaeieeia,
/oi iineoaeeo i?e/eiie aeey ieeeeiiia /aeiaae i?aa?aoeoueny a
yeieiae/aneeo aaaeaioeaa.
O/aiua naeaeaoaeuenoaotho, /oi anyeee aeieiae/aneee aeae niiniaai
auaeeoue a i?aaeaeao aeinoaoi/ii oceie yeieiae/aneie ieoe, o.a.
niaieoiiinoe ?acee/iuo oneiaee e oaeoi?ia ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu. *aeiaae
yoi aeieiae/aneee aeae, oioy e aieaa oieaa?naeueiue, aieaa aaeaioeaiue e
eciaiaieyi a ie? n?aaea. Iaeiaei e aai ?ano?nu a neeaaeuaathuaeny
neooaoeee en/a?iuaathony. I?e/ai aicaeaenoaotho ia oieueei oece/aneea
oaeoi?u (caa?yciaiea), ii e ineoieiae/aneea. ?eineee eeoa i?eoae e
auaiaeo, /oi aeaaiie i?e/eiie yeieiae/aneeo i?iaeai yaeyaony IOI,
i?eaioe?iaaiiue ia aacoaea?aeiue ?ino iio?aaeaiey. A /anoe
eioaeaaaioiiai ianaeaiey ?acaeouo no?ai iiaeii ioiaoeoue, /oi ainieoaiea
aeaoae iai?aaeaii ia ia no?aieaiea au?anoeoue ethaeae no?iyueony e
aacoaea?aeiiio iaiaauaieth, a iaiai?io e iaua/aeiaa/aneei oeaiiinoyi,
nei?aa iaiai?io neaaua e ?acaeoua no?aiu ii?iaeaeatho aeoe eiia?eaeecia.
Yoi niioaaonoaoao oai i?aaeeiaeaieyi oeeinioia eioi?ua aunooiatho ca
ia?ai?eaioaoeeth ethaeae n ie?neeo oeaiiinoae ia oeaiiinoe aeooiaiua.
31. ?inney, Ainoie, Caiaae: aeeaeia eoeueoo? a nia?aiaiiii ie?a.
Oeeinionei-enoi?e/aneea enneaaeiaaiey anaaaea eiatho ii?aaeaeaiioth
i?aeoe/aneoth i?eaioaoeeth. Iinoeaay i?ioeia iu no?aieiny ?acia?aoueny a
ianoiyuai, ii?aaeaeeoue oaiaeaioeee ?acaeoey nia?aiaiiiai iauanoaa. A
yoii niunea iniai aaaeiia cia/aiea aeey ian i?eia?aoaao ?aoaiea aii?ina
i niioiioaiee Caiaaeiie e Ainoi/iie eoeueoo? e oeeaeeecaoeee, a oaeaea
ianoa ?inne a aeeaeiaa yoeo eoeueoo?. Caiaae e Ainoie ?anniao?eaathony
eae aainioeeieoeueoo?iua iiiyoey. Caiaae – iniaue oei oeeaeeecaoeeiiiiai
e eoeueoo?iiai ?acaeoey, eioi?ue noi?ie?iaaeny a Aa?iia a XV-XVII aa.
Oeeaeeecaoeeth yoiai oeia iiaeii iacaaoue oaoiiaaiiie. Aa oa?aeoa?iua
/a?ou – yoi auno?ia eciaiaiea oaoieee e oaoiieiaee, aeaaiaea?y
i?eiaiaieth iaoee. ?acoeueoaoii /aai yaeythony IO?ee, iaiythuea
ioiioaiea /aeiaaea e i?e?iaea e aai ianoi a nenoaia i?iecaiaenoaa. Yoi
i?eaiaeeo e auno?iio oi?ie?iaaieth e niaia iiaiai oeia ee/iinoe.
I?aaeiinueee caiaaeiie eoeueoo?u caeeaaeuaaeenue aua a aioe/iinoe e
n?aaeiaaaeiauea. Iniiaiua aaoe a aa enoi?ee: iiuo aeaiie?aoee,
noaiiaeaiea ia?acia oai?aoe/aneeo iaoe, a caoai noi?ie?iaaaoayny a yiioo
aa?iiaeneiai n?aaeiaaaeiauey o?enoeaineay o?aaeeoeey n aa
i?aaenoaaeaieaie i /aeiaa/aneie eiaeeaeaeoaeueiinoe, n eiioeaioeeae
ii?aee e iiieiaieai /aeiaa/aneiai ?acoia eae nicaeaiiiai ii ia?aco e
iiaeiaeth aiaa, e iiyoiio niiniaiiai e ?aoeeiiaeueiiio iinoeaeaieth
niunea auoey. Ayiioo I?inaauaiey caaa?oeeinue oi?ie?iaaiea
ie?iaic?ai/aneeo onoaiiaie, ii?aaeaeaaoeo iineaaeothuaa ?acaeoea
oaoiiaaiiie oeeaeeecaoeee. A nioeeaeueiii ieaia caiaaeiay oeeaeeecaoeey
ioiaeaeanoaeyaony n yiioie noaiiaeaiey eaieo i?iec yeii ioi e ao?ae
aeaiie? oi?i i?aaeaiey, noaiiaeaiey a?aaeaeaineiai iauanoaa e i?aaiaiai
ainoaea?noaa. A oaoiieiae/aneii ieaia – n eiaeono?eaeueiui e
iinoeiaeono?eaeueiui iauanoaii. Oeeiniou e nioeeieiae ?anniao?eaatho
ie?iaic?ai/aneee, nioeeaeueiue e oaoiieiae/aneee aniaeou eoeueoo?u eae
aaeeiia oeaeia. I. Aaaa? iieacae /oia ?acoeueoaoa noaiiaeaiey
eaeueaeiecia a ni/aoaiee n ?acaeoeai eaieoaeecia noi?ie?iaaeenue
neaaeothuea oeaiiinoe caiaaeiie eoeueoo?u: 1)aeeiaieci, i?eaioaoeey ia
iiaecio, 2) ooaa?aeaeaiey aeinoieinoaa e oaaaeaiey e /aeiaa/aneie
ee/iinoe, 3) eiaeeaeaeoaeeci, onoaiiaea ia aaoiiiiiinoue ee/iinoe, 4)
?aoeeiiaeueiinoue, 5) eaeaaeu naiaiaeu, ?aaainoaa e oa?ieiinoe, 6)
oaaaeaiey e /anoiie nianoaaiiinoe.
Caiaaeiiio oeio eoeueoo?u a oeeinioee i?ioeainoieo ainoi/iue oei,
iieo/eaoee iacaaiea “o?aaeeoeeiiiiai iauanoaa”. Aaiiieeoe/anee Ainoie
naycuaaaony n eoeueoo?aie Ae?aaiae Eiaeee, Aaaeeiia, Ae?aaiaai Aaeioa,
iaoeeiiaeueiiainoaea?noaaiiuie ia?aciaaieyie ianoeueiaineiai ie?a. Yoe
eoeueoo?u auee naiiauoiuie, ii eiaee e iauea /a?ou: i?eaioaoeey ia
aini?iecaiaenoai neiaeeaoeony nioeeaeueiuo no?oeoo?, noaaeeecaoeeth
onoayaoaainy ia?aca aeecie. O?aaeeoeeiiiia iiaaaeaiea, aeeoioee?othuaa
iiuo i?aaeeia – aunoay oeaiiinoue. A aeooiaiie noa?a ainiiaenoaiaaee
?aeeaeicii-ieoieiae/aneea i?aaenoaaeaiey, iao/iie ?aoeeiiaeueiinoe
i?ioeaiiinoaaeyeanue i?aanoaaiii-aieaaay onoaiiaea ia
nica?oeaoaeueiinoue, aaciyoaaeiinoue, eiooeoeaii-ienoe/aneia neeyiea n
auoeai. Aaoiiiiey, naiaiaea e aeinoieinoai /aeiaa/aneie ee/iinoe /oaeaeu
aeooo ainoi/iie eoeueoo?u. AEeciue /aeiaaea i?aaeii?aaeaeaia. Ionthaea
i?ienoaeatho iieeoe/aneea e yeiiiie/aneea iiaeaee ono?ienoaa aeecie
ainoi/iiai /aeiaaea. Ainoi/iui ethaeyi /oaeae aeoo aeaiie?aoee,
a?aaeaeaineiai iauanoaa.
Iniaiai ?iaea noieo aii?in ioiineoaeueii ?inne, aicieeaee aii?inu eae
niioiinyony a eoeueoo?a ?innee caiaaeiia e ainoi/iia? Aiciiaeai ee e
iaiaoiaeeiee naiiauoiue iooue ?acaeoey ?innee? A nayce n yoei a ?innee a
19a noi?ie?iaaeenue eaeaieiaee caiaaeie/anoaa (*aaaeaaa, Noaieaae/,
Aaeeineee, Aa?oeai) e neaayiioeeuenoaa (Ee?aaaneee, Oiiyeia, Naia?ei).
Caiaaeieee n/eoaee /oi ?inney aeieaeia ia?aieiaoue ana eo/oaa o
caiaaeiie eoeueoo?u. Neaayiioeeu ionoaeaaee eaeath naiiauoiinoe
?inneeneiai iooe ?acaeoey, naycuaay yoo naiiauoiinoue n
i?eaa?aeaiiinoueth ?onneiai ia?iaea i?aaineaaeth. Ii eo iiaieth,
i?aaineaaea yaeeinue enoi/ieeii iniaaiiinoae ?onneie aeooe: aeoaieay
?aeeaeiciinoue, iiauoaiay yiioeeiiaeueiinoue, i?ei?eoao eieeaeoeaiiai
ia/aea iaae eiaeeaeaeoaeueiui, i?eaa?aeaiiinoue e naiiaea?aeaaeth e
o.ae.
Yoio aii?in i naiiauoiinoe ?innee aieueoia cia/aiea i?eia?ae aeey
oeeinioia yiea?aioia iinea ?aaiethoeee (Aa?aeyaa, Auoaneaaoeaa, Oaaeioia
e ae?.). Aa?aeyaa n/eoaao, /oi aeey ii?aaeaeaiey iaoeeiiaeueiiai oeia,
ia?iaeiie eiaeeaeaeoeueiinoe ii?aaeaeaiey aeaoue iaaiciiaeii. Oaeia
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiinoe iiciaaony ethaiaueth e a iae anaaaea anoue /oi oi ia
iinoeaeeiia aeey oia. Aeaaiue aii?in ii Aa?aeyaao /oi aea i?aaenoaaeyao
niaie oiiiinoeaeeiue ia?ac ?onneiai ia?iaea. Ii Othoue/aao “Oiii ?inneth
…” Iiyoiio aiai?eo Aa?aeyaa aeey iinoeaeaiey ?innee iaaei i?eiaieoue
aa?o, iaaeaaeaeo, ethaiaue. Aa?aeyaa n/eoaao /oi ?inney niaaeeiyao a
naaea e Caiaae e Ainoie.
Ianeieueei eiie oa?aeoa? iineo ?aoaiea oaiu i naiiauoiinoe ?inneeneie
enoi?ee e eoeueoo?u a ?aaioao i?aaenoaaeoaeae oae iacuaaaiiai
aa?aceeneiai aeaeaeaiey (Ea?naaeia, O?oaaoeeiai, Ii?ianeiai).
Aa?aceenoai ?anniao?eaaao ?inneth eae Aa?aceth – iniaue yoiia?aoe/aneee
ie?, caieiathuee n?aaeeiiia i?ino?ainoai Acee e Aa?iu. ?inney eiaao
naiiauoioth eoeueoo?o n e?aiii a noi?iio Acee. ?aaiethoeey oie/oiaeeea
i?aaeithth ?inneth. Caiaae en/a?iae naay e aai ii?aceo aeoaieee e?ecen,
a aoaeouaa i?eiaaeeaeeo ?innee e i?aaineaaeth.
Yoe aii?inu eiatho aeooeueiinoue e naaiaeiy iniaaiii a naaoa i?iaeai
Caiaaea e e?ecena a no?aiao NIA.
32. I?IAEAIA *AEIAAEA
?ac?ooaiea i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu, ineoaeaiea i?eau/iiai eaiaeoaooa,
?ani?ino?aiaiea iiaaeoeo iaiaeaiee, a?icyueo iionoioeoue Caieth,
yaea?iua i?iecaiaenoaa – ana yoi ?iaeaeaao iuouaiea aaccaueoiinoe
/aeiaa/anoaa, aiciiaeiinoe aai aeaaee. Enneaaeiaaoaeueneay iuneue ana
aeoaaea i?iieeaao a caaaaeee aeeaie, iaeooioai?aiiie iaoa?ee.
Ia?niaeoeau aaiaoe/aneie eiaeaia?ee, o?ainieaioaoeey i?aaiia,
eeiie?iaaiea eeaoie – ana yoi ?ac?ooaao o?aaeeoeeiiiia i?aaenoaaeaiea i
iaeciaiiie aeieiae/aneie i?e?iaea /aeiaaea. Aieaciaiioth ino?ioo
i?eia?aee ineoieiae/aneea i?iaeaiu. ?ac?ooaiea o?aaeeoeeiiiuo oi?i e
ii?i aeecie, eciaiaiea ie?oaeathuae ianoaiiaee, iiaua ae?ooaeueiua
yeaiaiou ?aaeueiinoe e o.ae. i?eaiaeeo e oo?aoa ethaeueie
i?aaenoaaeaiee i nianoaaiiie eaeaioe/iinoe onoie/eainoe naiaai
aioo?aiiaai ie?a e niaoeeoe/anee /aeiaa/aneeo /a?o.
Yaiethoeey /aeiaaea iniiauaaaony ia oii, /oi ii oo?aoee naith
ia?aiia/aeueioth ?iaeeio – i?e?iaeo. Ii ieeiaaea oaea ia niiaeao ooaea
aa?iooueny. O iaai oaia?ue oieueei iaeei iooue: iieeiooue naith
anoanoaaiioth ?iaeeio e eneaoue iiaoth, eioi?oth ii nai naaa nicaeano, a
eioi?ie ii i?aa?aoeo ie?oaeathuee ie? a ie?.
Oeeinioneia iiieiaiea /aeiaaea ieeiaaea ia noaiao iaeiicia/iui iioiio,
/oi aaeeiue ioaao ia yoio aii?in eneeth/aaony i?aaeaeueiie
i?ioeai?a/eainoueth iaoaai auoey.
Aunoee aeo naiiooaa?aeaeaiey ee/iinoe caeeth/aaony a aea?oaaiiinoe, a
oii, /oiau i?eiyoue no?aaeaiea e nia?oue, ii ia eciaieoue naiaio
/aeiaa/aneiio i?ecaaieth. Iaoa auoea e noaiiaeony a aunoae noaiaie
/aeiaa/aneei eiaiii oiaaea, eiaaea iu ia/eiaai iiieiaoue, /oi “ss”,
ee/iinoiia ia/aei yaeyaony /ai-oi aieueoei, /ai nianoaaiiay aeeciue.
Oaeia ia?aaeien: /aeiaae ia?aoaao naay eae ee/iinoue, oieueei oa?yy naay
eae aeieiae/aneoth iniaue.
Aio?iiieiaey – o/aiea i i?e?iaea e nouiinoe /ae-ea. Oeaio?aeueiay
i?iaeaia – /oi anoue /ae-e. Oa?iei “oeeinioneay aio?iiieiaey” aaae Eaio,
eae ?acaeae oee-e, eioa?an eio. i?eeiaai e i?iaeaia aaoiiiiiinoe /ae-ea.
Caieiaaony au?aaioeie eaeae /ae-ea ia iniiaa ciaiee, iaeiieaiiuo a
?aciuo iaoeao i /ae-ea. Nia?aiaiiay caiaaeiay oee.aio?iiieiaey iuoaaony
auyaeoue iniiau e noa?u /aeiaa/aneiai auoey, eiaeeaeaeoaeueiinoe e
oieeaeueiinoe /aeiaa/. ee/iinoe, aa oai?/aneeo aiciiaeiinoae, niune
nouanoaiaaiey.
33. I?ienoiaeaeaiea /aeiaaea. O?oae, iauaiea, ?a/ue eae iniiaiua
oaeoi?u aio?iiinioeeiaaiacena.
A Aeaeee eceaaaaony ieo i oai?aiee /aeiaaea Aiaii. A ianoiyuaa a?aiy
nouanoaotho neaaeothuea iniiaiua aeiioacu i?ienoiaeaeaiey /aeiaaea:
1. iaoo?aeenoe/aneay. a) *aeiaae nicaeai i?e?iaeie, cia/eo, ii Aea?aeio,
aicieeiiaaiea /ae-ea iiaeaioiaeaii, iii i?iecioei a i?ioeanna
anoanoaaiiiai ioai?a.
a) a nioeeiaeieiaee: /ae-e iiyaeeny a ?acoeueoaoa iooaoeee – eciaiaiee a
ianeaaenoaaiiinoe. Iie aucaaee ia?ano?ieeo i?aaiecia aeeaioiiai e
i?iecioae /aeiaae.
a) /ae-e anaaaea nouanoaiaae ia Caiea, ii aeey yoiai iaaei aeiionoeoue
aa/iia nouanoaiaaiea Caiee. Yoi ia aa?ii, /ae-e aa/ii nouanoaoao a
i?e?iaea, einiina, Caiey canaeaia i?eoaeueoeaie ec einiina.
2. eaeaaeenoe/aneay. Iaeaieaa /aoei au?aaeaia Aaaaeai. A i?aaeea /ae-ea
“ae?aiae”ie?iaie ?acoi, a caoai i?inioeny. Iaia?oaeaiea ie?.?acoia a
/ae-ea au?aceeinue a noaiiaeaiee iciaiey, i?yiie iioiaeea e ?acaeoee
i?aaie ?oee. Eoeueoo?iua oeaiiinoe oi?ie?otho /ae-ea. Eoeueoo?a –
i?iaeoeo niciaiey ethaeae, niciaiea – i?iaeoeo i?iaiai ?acoia..
3. au?aaeaaony a o?oaeiaie oai?ee aicieeiiaaiey /ae-ea. N iiiaioa
iiyaeaiey iao.i?iecaiaenoaa ia/eiaaony i?ioeann aicieeiiaaiey /ae-ea e
iau-aa. Iau-ai aunooiaao eae niinia auoey /aeiaaea. Ionthaea aa?ao
ia/aei aio?iiinioeeiaaiac. O?oae. oai?ey aiai?eo i oii, /oi, aeaaiaea?y
o?oae. aeayo-oe iiyaeyaony /aeiaae. Oai?/aneay ?ieue o?oaea au?aceeanue
a oii, /oi /aeiaae noae i?iecaiaeeoue i?oaeey o?oaea e n eo iiiiuueth
iaoa?eaeueiua oeaiiinoe.
iiyae. ?a/e e ycuea. N iiiiuueth i?oaeee o?oaea iauaoueny iaeuecy.
Au?aaaouaaaony ycue neia, a /eaii?acae. ?a/e, caoeao oeene?-ny neiaieu.
Neiaieu a iaoa?. niunea – neiaa e a?aoe/. ecia?aaeaiea – yoi n?aaenoai
ecia?ao. /aeiaaeii aeey iauaiey . Neiai – eino?oiaio e oi?ie?iaaieth
ethaeneiai eieeaeoeaa. Neiai iicaieeei auianoe aioo?. ie?
oi?ie?othuaainy /aeiaaea ai aia e naeaeaoue aioo?. iaaeyaeiui.
34. *aeiaae e aai ianoi a ie?a. I?iaeaia aeecie e nia?oe a aeooiaiii
iiuoa /aeiaa/anoaa.
Nia?oue – anoanoaaiiue eiiaoe anaai aeeaiai. AEeciue – oi?ia
nouanoaiaaiey iaoa?ee, aicieeathuay i?e ii?aaeaeaiiuo oneiaeyo a iiiaio
aa ia?aciaaiey. Io anao ae?oaeo aeeauo nouanoa /aeiaae ioee/aaony aieaa
anaai oai, /oi ia i?ioyaeaiee anae naiae eiaeeaeaeoaeueiie aeecie ii
ieeiaaea ia aeinoeaaao “oeaeae” aeecie ?iaeiaie, enoi?e/aneie; a yoii
niunea ii iinoiyiii ia ?aaeecoaiia aaeaeaaoiia nouanoai. *aeiaae ia
oaeiaeaoai?yaony neooaoeeae. E yoa iaoaeiaeaoai?aiiinoue niaea?aeeo a
naaa i?e/eiu oai?/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe, ia caeeth/aiiua a
iaiin?aaenoaaiiuo aa iioeaao. Iiyoiio i?ecaaiea, caaea/a eaaeaeiai
/aeiaaea – ananoi?iiia ?acaeaaoue ana naie niiniaiinoe e ii ia?a
aiciiaeiinoae aiineoue naie ee/iue aeeaae a enoi?eth, a i?ia?ann
iauanoaa, aai eoeueoo?u. A yoii e caeeth/aaony niune aeecie ioaeaeueiie
ee/iinoe, eioi?ue iia ?aaeecoao /a?ac iauanoai, ii oaeia aea e niune
aeecie iauanoaa e /aeiaa/anoaa a oeaeii.
Aoaeaeeci: /aeiaae aeeaao aeey oiai, /oiau i?a?aaoue oeaiue
ia?a?iaeaeaiee e ieeiaaea aieueoa ia aic?iaeaeaoueny. O?enoeainoai –
ainoiaeaeaieai /aeiaaea e aiao. Iniiaiay ienney /aeiaaea oa?aeoa?ecoaony
eae nianeoaeueiay, eniuoaoaeueiay, e iaceaeaoaeueiay. Eneai: /aeiaae
aeeaao aeey oiai, /oiau iioii aine?aniooue. N?aaeiaaaeiaay O. –
oaioeaio?eci, a aeaeee iaeia ec aeaaiuo i?iaeai aeeciue iinea nia?oe.
AEeciue /aeiaaea ioea. Caoai yiioa ?aoeeiiaeecia – /aeiaae iaoaieci –
nia?oai. Caaea/a ia oia?aoue ?aiueoa a?aiaie, au?aaioaoue iaeneiaeueii
naie ?ano?n; a caoai yiioa i?inaauaiey – nia?oai – ?oeiaiaenoaoeny anaie
oeaiiinoyie(!) – iiaoaeaeaao e aeoeaiinoe. O. nouanoaiaaiey aeaaiay
i?iaeaia nia?oe e aannia?oey. I?aeoe/aneee niune i?iaeaiu: ii?aaeaeyao
nenoaio oeaiiinoae e iai?aaeaiey iiaaaeaiey.
A aeecie eaaeaeiai ii?iaeueiiai /aeiaaea ?aii eee iicaeii ianooieo
iiiaio, eiaaea ii caaeanony aii?inii i eiia/iinoe naiaai
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiiai nouanoaiaaiey. (a anee eo/oa ia yoii ia aeoiaoue?).
*aeiaae aaeeinoaaiiia nouanoai eioi?ia iniciaao naith nia?oiinoue (oae
ee?). Ia?aie ?aaeoeeae, neaaeothuae ca iniciaieai naiae nia?oiinoe,
iiaeao auoue /oanoai aaciaaeaaeiinoe e ?anoa?yiiinoe. I?aiaeieaaay yoi
/oanoai /aeiaae nouanoaoao ioyaiuaiiue ciaieai i a?yaeouae nia?oe,
eioi?ia noaiiaeony iniiaiiieaaathuei a iineaaeothuai aeooiaiii ?acaeoee
/aeiaaea. Iaee/eai oaeiai ciaiey a aeooiaiii iiuoa /aeiaaea e
iauyniyaony ino?ioa, n eioi?ie ia?aae iei anoaao aii?in i niunea e oeaee
aeecie. A nayce n yoei ia no?aieoeao oeeinioneie eeoa?aoo?u /anoi
oeao?e?otho aii?inu: eiaao ee aeeciue /aeiaaea eaeie eeai niune e
oeaiiinoue? Noieo ee aeeciue oiai /oiau aeeoue? I?e iieiaeeoaeueiii
ioaaoa auooth neaaeothuea oi/ee c?aiey: niune aeecie – a niaeanee n
nianoaaiiie i?e?iaeie e oaeiaeaoai?aiee iio?aaiinoae, a iieo/aiee
ianeaaeaeaiey e ?aaeinoe, a ?acaeoee oai?/aneeo niiniaiinoae e o?oaea ia
aeaai iauanoaa. E iaeiiaoe iiaeii ano?aoeoue acaeyae, niaeanii eioi?iio
niune aeecie – a naiii nouanoaiaaiee. Yoi iiiaiia?acea acaeyaeia
naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i oii, ia neieueei i?ioeai?a/eau ioeaiee oeaee aeecie.
35. *AE-E EAE OAI?AOe E OAI?AIEA EOEUeOO?U
*aeiaae e eoeueoo?a ia?ac?uaii naycaiu ae?oa n ae?oaii. A eaeie
eoeueoo?iie noa?a ainieouaaaony eiaeeaeae, oaeia e aai ia?ac aeecie,
oaeiau aai onoaiiaee e oeaee. *aeiaae – ia oieueei oeaio? eoeueoo?u, ii
e oi aaeeinoaaiiia e aaniethoiia “i?ino?ainoai”, a ?aieao eioi?iai
aeeaao e ooieoeeiie?oao eoeueoo?a. Aia /aeiaaea eoeueoo?a iii?inoo ia
nouanoaoao. *aeiaae eae iineoaeue eoeueoo?u iiieiaaony a i/aiue
oe?ieii nioeeaeueiii eiioaenoa, ai anai aiaaonoaa naieo iauanoaaiiuo
ioiioaiee, a aaeeinoaa n nicaeaiiui ei iaoa?eaeueiui e aeooiaiui
iauanoaaiiui ie?ii. Eoeueoo?a – yoi neaaaaiua /aeiaa/aneie
aeayoaeueiinoe, aeaaiaea?y eioi?iio i?ienoiaeyo ?acaeoea, naii?acaeoea
/aeiaaea eae iauanoaaiiiai noauaeoa. Iiaeii neacaoue, /oi a naiae iniiaa
eoeueoo?a – yoi naii?acaeoea /aeiaaea eae iauanoaaiiiai nouanoaa.
Eoeueoo?a anoue au?aaeaiea e iaia?oaeaiea aeayoaeueiie i?e?iaeu
/aeiaaea. E a yoii niunea eoeueoo?a aunooiaao ia?ie ?acaeoey naiiai
/aeiaaea. Eaeia /aeiaae, oaeiaa e eoeueoo?a iauanoaa, *aeiaae
aunooiaao oaeoe/anee a ?iee Iauanoaaiiiai /aeiaaea, ieeoeaoai?ythuaai
niaie ana *aeiaa/aneia Iauanoai. Enoi?ey iauanoaa i?aa?auaaony a
enoi?eth /aeiaa/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe, a enoi?eth eoeueoo?u. I?oaeey
o?oaea e iao/iua o?aeoaou, ia?eaiaio e ii?aeueiua ii?iu, oaaeaa?u
aeeaiiene e einie/aneea noaioeee, – ana yoi nicaeaii /aeiaaeii, ana yoi
ie? /ae. eoeueoo?u.
Ooieoeee eoeueoo?u, eioi?ua caeeth/athony a oii, /oiau iao/eoue aeeoue
ethaeae a iauanoaa, ieacuaaaony aanueia neiaeii ioaeaeeoue io naiie
iauanoaaiiie aeecie – io iaoee, i?iecaiaenoaa, iieeoeee. Eoeueoo?a
iauanoaa iaoiaeeony a oaniie caaeneiinoe io oiai, /oi /aeiaae eae
niciaoaeueiia nouanoai aeoiaao i naaa, i naieo aeaeaieyo e oeaeyo.
Eoeueoo?a ieacuaaaony ia i?inoi i?iecaiaenoaii iieaciuo aeey /aeiaaea e,
neaaeiaaoaeueii, aeey iauanoaa aauae, ii e ?aaeecaoeeae /aeiaaeii
naiaai nianoaaiiiai i?aaeiacia/aiey a ie?a eae ii aai (yoi
i?aaeiacia/aiea) iiieiaao.
36. I?ienoiaeaeaiea niciaiey.
Naiua ia?uaua i?aaenoaaeaiey i niciaiee aicieeee a ae?aaiinoe. Oiaaea
aea aicieeee e i?aaenoaae i aeooa e auee iinoaaeaiu aii?inu: /oi
i?aaenoaaeyao niaie aeooa? eae iia niioiineony n i?aaeiaoiui ie?ii? N
oao ii? i?iaeieae nii?u i nouiinoe nici e aiciiaeiinoe aai iiciaiey.
Eaeaaeeci – niciaiea ia?ae/ii. Aeoaeeci – niciaiea e iaoa?ey iacaaeneiu
ae?oa io ae?oaa. Iaoa?eaeeci – iaoa?ey ia?ae/ia e enoi?e/anee e
aiinaieiae/anee. Iia iineoaeue e i?e/eia aai aicieeiiaaiey. niciaiea –
i?iecaiaeiia io iaoa?ee. Niciaiea aycaii ia ni anae iaoa?eae, a oieueei
n /anoueth iicaa e oieueei a ii?aae ia?eiaeu a?aiaie. I?e/ai iuneeo ia
iica, a /ae. i?e iiiiue iicaa.
Niciaiea – yoi aunoay, naienoaaiiay oieueei /aeiaaeo e naycaiiay n
?a/ueth ooieoeey iicaa, caeeth/athuayny a iaiauaiiii e
oeaeaiai?aaeaiiii io?aaeaiee aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe.
Niciaiea iiaeii aaniethoii i?ioeaiiinoaaeoue iaoa?ee oieueei a ?aieao
iniiaiiai aii?ina. Ca yoeie i?aaeaeaie i?ioeaiiinoaae ioiineoaeueii.,
eai niciaiea ia anoue naiinoiyoaeueiay noanoaioeey, a iaeii ec naienoa
iaoa?ee e , neaaeiaaoaeueii, ia?ac?uaii naycaii n iaoa?eae. Aanie
i?ioeaiiinoaaeaiea iao e nici aaaeao e oiio, /oi nici aunooiaao eae
iaeay naiino noanoaioeey, nou ia?yaeo n iaoa?eae. Niciaiea anoue iaeii
ec naienoa aeaeae iaoa?ee, anoue iniaia naienoai aunieii?a iaoa?ee. Yoi
icia/aao, /oi iaaeaeo nici e iaoa?eae nou e ?acee/ea, e naycue, e
aaeeinoai.
?acee/ea – niciaiea ia anoue naia iaoa?ey, a iaeii ec aa naienoa.
Nouiinoueth nici yaeyaony aai eaeaaeueiinoue, eio au?aaeaaony a oii,
/oi ninoaae nici ia?acu ia iaeaaeatho ie naienoaaie io?aaeaaiuo a iai
i?aaeiaoia, ie naienoaaie ia?aiuo i?ioeannia, ia iniiaa eio iie
aicieeee.
Eaeaaeueiia ia yae /ai-oi naiinoiyoaeueiui ii ioiioaieth e nici a
oeaeii: iii oa?aeoa?ecoao nouiinoue niciaiey a ioiioaiee e iaoa?ee. A
yoii ieaia eaeaaeueiia iicaieyao aeoaaea iniuneeoue aoi?e/iinoue aunoae
oi?iu io?aaeaiey.
Eaeaaeueiia e iaoa? ia ?acaeaeaiu ia?ioiaeeiie a?aiueth, Eaeaaeueiia
anoue ie /oi eiia, eae iaoa?eaeueiia, i?a?naaeaiiia a /ae aieiao e
i?aia?aciaaiiia a ae. Oaeia i?aia? iaoa?eaeueiiai a eaeaaeueiia
i?iecaiaeeo iica.
Niciaiea nou ia anaaaea. Iii aicieeei a oiaea enoi? ?acaeoey iaoa?ee,
oneiaeiaiey aa oi?i, eae naienoai aunieii?aaiec iaoa? nenoai.
37. INEOEEA, IUOEAIEA, NICIAIEA
A iniiaa iuoeaiey eaaeao iuouaiey. Iuoeaiea i?aaeii/eoaao ana, /oi
aeinooiii /oanoaai c?aiey e neooa. Iuoeaiea – iauaa anai ethaeyi, anai
aeaii iiciaoue naay e auoue ?acoiiuie. Aeaaea anee /oi-oi inoaeinue
ne?uoui io naaoa, aini?eieiaaiiai /oanoaaie, iii ia iiaei ao oe?uoueny
io ?acoieiiai naaoa, “io oiai, /oi ieeiaaea ia caoiaeeo”
Aeaea?o ca enoiaeiue ioieo iino?iaiey aeinoiaa?iiai caeaiey iaoee
i?eieiaao niiiaiea a iauai?eiyoii ciaiee. Iiaeii niiiaaaoueny ai anai,
iaeiaei naii niiiaiea ai anyeii neo/aa nouanoaoao. Niiiaiea anoue iaeei
ec aeoia iuoeaiey. ss niiiaaathnue, iineieueeo y iuneth. Anee o.i
niiiaiea – aeinoia. oaeo, oi iii nou. eeoue iineieueeo nou iuoeaiea,
eeoue iine y nai nou a ea/anoaa iuneyuaai. (ss iuneth neaaeia. y nou)
Yoi iieiaeaiea e anoue eneiiay aeinoiaa?iay iii?a ciaiey. Yoio auaiae ia
o?. eiae/aneiai aeie-aa, ii anoue ?-o eiooeoeee oia.
ssniinoue e io/aoeeainoue iuoeaiey Ae ioeai/ii iauyaeyao iaiao e
aeinoaoi/iuie i?eciaeaie anyeiai aeinoiaa?iiai ciaiey. E?eoa?ee
enoeiiinoe ciaiey o.i ia a i?aeoeea, a a /aeia. niciaiee.
Iaoee ane?uaatho ia?ac?uaioth naycue iuoeaiey n iao i?ioeannaie a /ae
i?aaiecia, n /oanoa aini?eyoeyie eoae. *ae iaioaeaeei io i?e?iaeu;
iuoeaiea anoue iaiaoiaeeiia au?aaeaiea i?enouae aio aeie, oeceieia.
aeayoaeueiinoe.
Niciaiea – yoi aunoay, naienoaaiiay oieueei /aeiaaeo e naycaiiay n
?a/ueth ooieoeey iicaa, caeeth/athuayny a iaiauaiiii e
oeaeaiai?aaeaiiii io?aaeaiee aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe.
Niciaiea iiaeii aaniethoii i?ioeaiiinoaaeoue iaoa?ee oieueei a ?aieao
iniiaiiai aii?ina. Ca yoeie i?aaeaeaie i?ioeaiiinoaae ioiineoaeueii.,
eai niciaiea ia anoue naiinoiyoaeueiay noanoaioeey, a iaeii ec naienoa
iaoa?ee e , neaaeiaaoaeueii, ia?ac?uaii naycaii n iaoa?eae. Aanie
i?ioeaiiinoaaeaiea iao e nici aaaeao e oiio, /oi nici aunooiaao eae
iaeay naiino noanoaioeey, nou ia?yaeo n iaoa?eae. Niciaiea anoue iaeii
ec naienoa aeaeae iaoa?ee, anoue iniaia naienoai aunieii?a iaoa?ee. Yoi
icia/aao, /oi iaaeaeo nici e iaoa?eae nou e ?acee/ea, e naycue, e
aaeeinoai. ?acee/ea – niciaiea ia anoue naia iaoa?ey, a iaeii ec aa
naienoa.
Nouiinoueth nici yaeyaony aai eaeaaeueiinoue, eio au?aaeaaony a oii,
/oi ninoaae nici ia?acu ia iaeaaeatho ie naienoaaie io?aaeaaiuo a iai
i?aaeiaoia, ie naienoaaie ia?aiuo i?ioeannia, ia iniiaa eio iie
aicieeee.
Eae naienoai aeea i?aaieciia aunooiaao ?acae?aaeeiinoue. Iuou
ninoaaeytho ia/ oi?io ineoeee.
Ineoeea – yoi niiniaiinoue ae nouanoa nicaeaaaoue /oanoaaiiua e
iaiauaiua ia?acu aiaoiae aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe e ?aaae?iaaoue ia ieo
niia?acii naiei iio?aaiinoyi.
Iiae ineoeeie /ae iiieiaaony any niaieoiiinoue yaeaiee e ninoiyiee aai
aioo?aiiaai ie?a.Niciaiea yaeyaony /anoueth ineoeee. Ineoeea ioaaouaaao
ia oieueei niciaoaeueiua, ii e iiaeniciaoaeueiua e aanniciaoaeueiua
i?ioeannu.
Naiua ia?uaua i?aaenoaaeaiey i niciaiee aicieeee a ae?aaiinoe. Oiaaea
aea aicieeee e i?aaenoaae i aeooa e auee iinoaaeaiu aii?inu: /oi
i?aaenoaaeyao niaie aeooa? eae iia niioiineony n i?aaeiaoiui ie?ii? N
oao ii? i?iaeieae nii?u i nouiinoe nici e aiciiaeiinoe aai iiciaiey.
Iaeie enoiaeeee ec iiciaaaaiinoe, ae?oaea /oi iiiuoee iiiyoue niciaiea
ouaoii oaeaea eae iiiuoea ec ieia oaeaeaoue naay eaeouei ii oeeoea.
Eaeaaeeci – niciaiea ia?ae/ii. Aeoaeeci – niciaiea e iaoa?ey iacaaeneiu
ae?oa io ae?oaa.
Iaoa?eaeeci – iaoa?ey ia?ae/ia e enoi?e/anee e aiinaieiae/anee. Iia
iineoaeue e i?e/eiaaai aicieeiiaaiey. niciaiea – i?iecaiaeiia io
iaoa?ee. Niciaiea aycaii ia ni anae iaoa?eae, a oieueei n /anoueth iicaa
e oieueei a ii?aae ia?eiaeu a?aiaie. I?e/ai iuneeo ia iica, a /ae. i?e
iiiiue iicaa.
Niciiea – yoi aunoay, naienoaaiiay oieueei /aeiaaeo e naycaiiay n
?a/ueth ooieoeey iicaa, caeeth/athuayny a iaiauaiiii e oeaeaiai?aaeaiiii
io?aaeaiee aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe.
Niciaiea iiaeii aaniethoii i?ioeaiiinoaaeoue iaoa?ee oieueei a ?aieao
iniiaiiai aii?ina, ca ieie – iao. Ca yoeie i?aaeaeaie i?ioeaiiinoaae
ioiineoaeueii., eai niciaiea ia anoue naiinoiyoaeueiay noanoaioeey, a
iaeii ec naienoa iaoa?ee e , neaaeiaaoaeueii, ia?ac?uaii naycaii n
iaoa?eae. Aanie i?ioeaiiinoaaeaiea iao e nici aaaeao e oiio, /oi nici
aunooiaao eae iaeay naiino noanoaioeey, nou ia?yaeo n iaoa?eae. Niciaiea
anoue iaeii ec naienoa aeaeae iaoa?ee, anoue iniaia naienoai aunieii?a
iaoa?ee. Yoi icia/aao, /oi iaaeaeo nici e iaoa?eae nou e ?acee/ea, e
naycue, e aaeeinoai.
?acee/ea – niciaiea ia anoue naia iaoa?ey, a eaeii ec aa naienoa.
Ninoaaeythuea niaea?aeaiea niciaiey ia?acu aiaoieo iauaeoia ioee/iu ii
oi?ia io yoeo iauaeoia, eae eaeaaeueiua eo eiiee.
Aaeeinoai e naycue – Ineo yaeaiey e iica oanii aycaiu eae naienoai e iao
noano?ao, eio yoi naienoai i?eiaaeeaaeeo e aac eio iii ia nou. N ae?
noi?iiu aicieeathuea a nici ineo ia?acu noiaeiu ii niaea?aeaieth n
aucuaathueie eo iaoa? iauaeoaie.
Nouiinoueth nici yaeyaony aai eaeaaeueiinoue,eio au?aaeaaony a oii, /oi
ninoaae nici ia?acu ia iaeaaeatho ie naienoaaie io?aaeaaiuo a iai
i?aaeiaoia, ie naienoaaie ia?aiuo i?ioeannia, ia iniiaa eio iie
aicieeee.
Eaeaaeueiia aunooiaao eae iiiaio i?aeoe/aneiai ioiioaiey /aeiaaea e
ie?o, ioiioaiey, iiin?aaeiaaiiiai oi?iaie, nicaeaiiuie i?aaeoanoaothueei
iieieaieyie – i?aaeaea anaai niiniaaiinoueth io?aaeaoue a iaoa? oi?iao
ycuea, ciaeia, e i?aa?auaoue eo iin?aaenoaii aeayoaeueiinoe a ?aaeueiua
i?aaeiaou.
Eaeaaeueiia ia yae /ai-oi naiinoiyoaeueiui ii ioiioaieth e nici a
oeaeii: iii oa?aeoa?ecoao nouiinoue niciaiey a ioiioaiee e iaoa?ee. A
yoii ieaia eaeaaeueiia iicaieyao aeoaaea iniuneeoue aoi?e/iinoue aunoae
oi?iu io?aaeaiey. Oaeia iiieiaieaeiaao niune oieueei i?e eco/aiee
niioiio iaoa?ee e nici, ioiio niciaiey e iao ie?o.
Eaeaaeueiia e iaoa? ia ?acaeaeaiu iai?ioiaeeiie a?aiueth, Eaeaaeueiia
anoue ie /oi eiia, eae iaoa?eaeueiia, ia?anaaeaiiia a /ae aieiao e
i?aia?aciaaiiia a ae. Oaeia i?aia? iaoa?eaeueiiai a eaeaaeueiia
i?iecaiaeeo iica.
Niciaiea nou ia anaaaea. Iii aicieeei a oiaea enoi? ?acaeoey iaoa?ee,
oneiaeiaiey aa oi?i, eae naienoai aunieii?aaiec iaoa? nenoai.
Iaoa?ee i?enoua naienoai, noiaeiia n nici – io?aaeaiea. Io?aaeaieai
iaeaae ana iao ia?aciaaiey. Iii yae iiiaioii ethaiai acaeiiaeaenoaey.
Io?aae – yoi eciaiaiea iaeiiai yaeaiey iiae aicaeaenoaeai ae?oaiai. A
iaaeeaie i?e?iaea ?ani?inoa?aiaiu eciii?oiua io?aaeaiey – ioia/aoee ,
neaaeu…
Eae naienoai aeea i?aaieciia aunooiaao ?acae?aaeeiinoue. Aeaeueiaeoee
yoai ?acaeoey oi?i io?aaeaiey iinea ?acae?aaeeiinoe naycai n
aicieeiiaaieai /oanoaeoaeueiinoe, o.a. niiniaiinoe eiaoue iuouaiey,
io?aaeathuea naienoaa i?aaeiaoia, aicaeaenoaothueo ia i?aaieci. Iuou
ninoaaeytho ia/ oi?io ineoeee.
Ineoeea – yoi niiniaiinoue ae nouanoa nicaeaaaoue /oanoaaiiua e
iaiauaiua ia?acu aiaoiae aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe e ?aaae?iaaoue ia ieo
niia?acii naiei iio?aaiinoyi.
Iiae ineoeeie /ae iiieiaaony any niaieoiiinoue yaeaiee e ninoiyiee aai
aioo?aiiaai ie?a. Niciaiea yaeyaony /anoueth ineoeee. Ineoeea ioaaouaaao
ia oieueei niciaoaeueiua, ii e iiaeniciaoaeueiua e aanniciaoaeueiua
i?ioeannu.
38. Nopyeoypa ciciaiey.
Niciaiea no?oeoo?ii i?aaieciaaiii, i?aaenoaaeyao nenoaio yeaiaioia,
iaoiaeyueony iaaeaeo niaie a caeiiiia?iuo ioiioaieyo. A no?oeoo?a
niciaiey iaeaieaa io/aoeeai auaeaeythony oaeea yeaiaiou eae iniciaiea
aauae, a oaeaea ia?aaeeaaiea, o.a. ioiioaiea e niaea?aeaieth oiai /oi
io?aaeaaony. ?acaeoea niciaiey i?aaeiieaaaao i?aaeaea anaai iaiaauaiea
aai iiauie ciaieyie. Iiciaiea aauae eiaao ?aciua o?iaie i?iieeiiaaiey e
noaiaiue yniinoe iiieiaiey. Ionthaea iauaeaiiia, oeeinioneia, iao/iia,
e.o.ae. iniciaiea ie?a a oaeaea /oanoaaiiue e ?aoeeiiaeueiue o?iaaiue
niciaiey. Iuouaiey, iiiyoey, aini?eyoey, iuoeaiea ia?acotho yae?i
niciaiey. Ii iie ia en/a?iuaatho anae no?oeoo?iie iieiiou niciaiey: iii
aeeth/aao a naay e aeo aieiaiey eae naie iaiaoiaeeiue eiiiiiao. Eiaiii
aeaaiaea?y nin?aaeioi/aiiinoe aieiaiey ii?aaeaeaiiue e?oa iauaeoia
iaoiaeeony a oieona niciaiey. Aicaeaenoaothuea ia ian i?aaeiaou, niauoey
aucuaatho o ian ia oieueei iiciaaaoaeueiua ia?acu, ii e yiioeee.
Aiaaoaeoay noa?a yiioeeiiaeueiie aeecie /aeiaaea aeeth/aao a naay
nianoaaiii /oanoaa, iano?iaiea, eee yiioeeiiaeueiia naii/oanoaea e
aooaeou (y?inoue, oaean e.o.ae.). *oanoaa, yiioeee nooue eiiiiiaiou
niciaiey Niciaiea ia ia?aie/eaaaony iiciaaaoaeueiuie i?ioeannaie,
iai?aaeaiiinoueth ia iauaeo, yiioeeiiaeueiie noa?ie. Iaoe iaia?aiey
i?aoai?ythony a aeeciue aeaaiaea?y oneeeyi aiee. Iaeiaei niciaiea – yoi
ia noiia iiiaeanoaa ninoaaeythueo aai yeaiaioia, a eo eioaa?aeueiia
neiaeii-no?oeooe?iaaiiia oeaeia.
39. Aanniciaoaeueiia eae ineoe/aneee oaiiiai.
Aanniciaoaeueiia a oe? niunea – niaieoiiinoue ineoe/aneeo i?ioeannia,
iia?aoeee e ninoiyiee, ia i?aaenoaaeaiiuo a niciaiee noauaeoa. A ?yaea
ineo oai?ee A – iniaay noa?a ineoe/aneiai eee nenoaia i?ioeannia,
ea/anoaaiii ioee/iuo io yaeaiee niciaiey. Oa?iei “A” eniieuecoaony
oaeaea aeey oa?aeoa?enoeee eiaeeaeaeoaeueiiai e a?oiiiaiai iiaaaeaiey,
aeaenoaeoaeueiua oeaee e iineaaenoaey eioi?iai ia iniciathony.
Eiioeaioeey A aia?aua auea /aoei noi?ioee?iaaia Eaeaieoeai, o?aeoiaaaoei
A eae ieceoth oi?io aeooaaiie aeayoaeueiinoe, eaaeauoth ca ii?iaii
iniciaiiuo i?aaenoaaeaiee. Ia?aoth iiiuoeo iaoa?eaeenoe/aneiai
iauyniaiey A i?aaei?eiye Ae. Aa?oee, naycaaoee A n aeayoaeueiinoueth
ia?aiie nenoaiu.
A ia/ 19 a ia/aeinue nianoaaiii ineoieiae/aneia eco/aiea A.
Aeeiaie/aneoth oa?aeoa?enoeeo A aaae Aa?aa?o (1824), niaeanii eioi?iio
ianiaianoeiua eaeae iiaoo anooiaoue iaaeaeo niaie a eiioeeeo, i?e/ai
aieaa neaaua auoaniythony ec niciaiey, ii i?iaeieaeatho ia iaai
aicaeaenoaiaaoue, ia oa?yy naieo aeeiaie/aneeo naienoa. Iiaue noeioe a
eco/aiee A aeaee ?aaiou a iaeanoe ineoiiaoieiaee, aaea a oeaeyo oa?aiee
noaee i?eiaiyoue niaoeeoe/aneea iaoiaeu aicaeaenoaey ia A (aeiiic).
Enneaaeiaaiey o?aioe ineo oeieu iicaieeee ane?uoue ioee/ioth io
niciaoaeueiie ineo aeayoaeueiinoue, ia iniciiaaaioth iaoeeaioii.
I?iaeieaeee yoo eeieth O?aeae, eioi?ue i?aaenoaaee A a aeaea
iiaouanoaaiiie e??aoeeiiaeueiie neeu, aioaaiienoe/iie aeayoaeueiinoe
niciaiey. Aannici aea/aiey ii O?aeaeo iiaoo auyaeyoueny e noaaeoueny
iiae eiio?ieue niciaiey n iiiiuueth oaoieee ineoiaiaeeca. THia iiieii
ee/iiai A, aaae iiiyoea eieeaeoeaiiai A, eaeaioe/iiai o eeoe
ii?aaeaeaiiie a?oiiu, oiai eee eiiai ia?iaea, anaai /aeiaa/anoaa.
A i?aaenoaaeyao niaie oi?io ineo io?aaeaiey, a eioi?ie ia?ac
aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe e ioiioaiea noauaeoa e yoie aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe
i?aaenoaaeaiu eae iaeii ia?an/eaiaiiia oeaeia: a ioee/ee io niciaiey a A
io?aaeaaiay ?aaeueiinoue neeaaaony n ia?aaeeaaieyie noauaeoa. A
neaaenoaee yoiai a A ionoonoaotho i?iecaieueiue eiio?ieue inouanoaeyaiuo
noauaeoii aeaenoaee e ?aoeeeneaiay ioeaiea eo ?acoeueoaoia.
Iaau/eaiiinoue ia?aca aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe ec ioiioaiee e iae noauaeoa
i?iyaeyaony a oaeeo iniaaiiinoyo A, eae ia/oanoaeoaeueiinoue e
i?ioeai?a/eyi e aiaa?aiaiiie oa?aeoa? A – i?ioeia, ianoiyuaa, aoaeouaa
ninouanoaotho e ia iaoiaeyony a ioiioaiee eeiaeiie iaia?aoeiinoe
iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe. A iaoiaeyo naia au?aaeaiea a oi?iao iiciaiey
?aaaieii aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe, a eiooeoeeyo, aooaeoao e o.ae., a oaeaea a
no?aieaieyo, /oanoaao e iinooieao, iiaoaeaeathuea i?e/eiu eioi?uo ia
iniciathony ee/iinoueth.
A oeaeii a ineoieiaee auaeaeythony 4 eeanna i?iyaeaiee A. 1)
Iaaeuiaeeaeaeoaeueiua iiaeniciao yaeaiey – onaiaiiua noauaeoii eae
/eaiii oie eee eiie nioe a?oiiu ia?acoeu oeie/iiai aeey aeaiiie iauiinoe
iiaaaeaiey , aeeyiea eioi?uo ia aai aeayoaeueiinoue aeooaeueii ia
iniciaaony noauaeoii e ia eiio?iee?oaony (iiae?aaeaiea). 2)
Iainiciaaaaiua iiaoaeeoaee aeayoaeueiinoe – iioeau e niuneiaua onoaiiaee
ee/iinoe. Ii O?aeaeo – yoi “aeeiaie/aneia auoaniaiiia A” , ioaaouaathuaa
ia?aaeeciaaiiua aea/aiey, eioi?ua ec-ca eo eiioeeeoa n nioeeaeueiuie
ii?iaie ecaiiythony ec niciaiey e ia?acotho ne?uoua aooaeoeaiua
eiiieaenu, i?aae?aniieiaeaiiinoe e aeaenoaeyi, aeoeaii aicaeaenoaothuea
ia aeeciue ee/iinoe e i?yaeythueany a iai?yiuo neiaiee/aneeo oi?iao
(thii?a, iaiieaeao, niiaeaeaieyo). Aaaeiia cia/aiea eiatho oaeea
oaiiiaiu A a iaaeee/iinoiuo ioiioaieyo, eae yiiaoey (iaiin?aaenoaaiiia
a/oanoaiaaiea), i?iaeoeey (ia iniciaiiia iaaeaeaiea /aeiaaea niano
naienoaaie) e o.ae. 3) Ia iniciaaaaiua iia?aoeeiiiua onoaiiaee e
noa?aioeiu aaoiiaoece?iaaiiiai iiaaaeaiey. Iie aicieeatho a i?ioeanna
?aoaiey ?acee/iuo caaea/ e iie?athony ia i?ioeue iiuo. 4)Iainiciaaaaiia
noanaini?iia aini?eyoea: i?e eco/aiee ii?iaia iuouaiey aeeaiaciia
/oanoaeoaeueiinoe /aeiaaea auee iaia?oaeaiu oaeou aicaeaenoaey ia oaeeo
?acae?aaeeoaeae, i eioi?uo ii ia iia aeaoue io/aoa.
40. Yecenoaioeeaeueiinoue /aeiaaea.
Yecenoaioeey –iaeii ec iniiaiuo iiiyoee yecenoaioeeiiaeecia, icia/athuaa
niinia auoey /aeiaa/aneie ee/iinoe. Y. I?aaenoaaeyao niaie oeaio?aeueiia
yae?i /aeiaia/aneiai “ss”, aeaaiaea?y e-io yoi iineaaeiaa aunooiaao ia
i?inoi eae ioaeaeueiue yiie?e/aneee eiaeeaeae e ia eae “iuneyuee ?acoi”,
o a ia/oi anaiauaa (iaua/aeiaa/aneia), a eiaiii eae eiie?aoiay
iaiiaoi?eiay ee/iinoue. Y – yoi ia nouiinoue /aeiaaea, eai iineaaeiyy
icia/aao, niaeanii yecen-oai, ia/oi ii?aaeaeaiiia ca?aiaa aeaiiia, a,
iai?ioea, “ioe?uoay aiciiaeiinoue”. Iaeii ec aaaeiaeoeo ii?aaeaeaiee Y –
aa iaiauaeoeae?oaiinoue. *aeiaae iiaeao iauaeoeae?iaaoue naie
niiniaiinoe, ciaiey, oiaiey i?aeoe/anee – a aeaea aiaoieo i?aaeiaoia; ii
iiaeao, aeaeaa, naeaeaoue iauaeoii nianoaaiiiai ?anniio?aiey naie
ineoe/aneea aeou, naia iuoeaiea e o.ae., iauaeoeae?oy eo oai?aoe/anee.
Aaeeinoaaiiia, /oi oneieuecaao io aai i?aeoe/aneiai, oae e
oai?aoe/aneiai iauaeoeae?iaaiey, a oai naiui e io iiciaiey e /oi, o.i.,
ia iiaeaeanii aio, – aai Y. o/aiea ia Y. O/aiea ia Y iai?aaeaii eae
i?ioea ?aoeeiiaeenoe/aneiai iiieiaiey /aeiaaea, oniao?eaathuaai
nouiinoue iineaaeiaai a ?acoia, oae e i?ioea ia?enenoeiai iiieiaiey yoie
nouiinoe eae niaieoiiinoe iau. Ioiioaiee.
A iauaeaiiie aeecie /aeiaae ia anaaaea iniciaao naay eae yecenoaioeeth,
aeey yoiai iaiaoiaeeii /oiau ii ieacaeny a iia?aie/iie neooaoeee, o.a
ia?aae eeoeii nia?oe. *aeiaae aiacaiii “noaiiaeony naiei niaie”, ii oi,
/oi ii ociaao i naaa, ia i?eaiaeeony ae?oaiio. A ?acoeueoaoa ia?aoiaea
/a?ac “iia?aie/ioth neooaoeeth” /aeiaae i?eia?aoaao iiaue acaeyae ia
ie?: ii aeaeeo a i?aaeiaoao neiaieu o?ainoeaiaeaioiiai, eioi?ia
iaaeinooiii iiciaieth, ii /oanoaoaony eae “yecenoaioeeaeueiue” no?ao.
*aeiaae oeo?oao (neiaieece?oao) naie i?aaenoaaeaiey i o?ainoeaiaeaioiii
a ieoao, oeeinioneeo e ?aeeaeiciuo eiioeaioeeyo. O?ainoeaiaeaioiia, a
naith i/a?aaeue, noiaeeo e ethaeyi a aeaea oeo?ia: naiaiaeu, nia?oe,
e?ooaiee a aeecie e ae?. *aeiaae, a aeecie eioi?iai iao iia?aie/iuo
neooaoeee – yoi /aeiaae, iia?ycoee a “iau/iii”, “i?eau/iii”, ia
aeaeathuee ie/aai iaiyoue a naaa. Ia?aoay naay eae Y /aeiaae aia?aua
ia?aoaao naiaiaeo. Niaeanii Y, naiaiaea ninoieo a oii, /oiau /aeiaae ia
aunooiae eae aauue, oi?ie?othuayny iiae aeeyieai anoanoaaiiie e
nioeeaeueiie iaiaoiaeeiinoe, a auae?ae naiiai naay, oi?ie?iaae eaaeaeui
naiei aeaenoaeai e iinooieii. Naiaiaeiue /aeiaae ianao ioaaonoaaiiinoue
ca ana niaa?oaiiia ei, a ia ii?aaaeuaaao naay ianoiyoaeuenoaaie. *oanoai
aeiu – yoi /oanoai naiaiaeiiai /aeiaaea. O Y – iii?a ia eiooeoeaiia
iiciaiea ie?a.
41. I?iaeaiu /aeiaaea a nia?aiaiiie eoeueoo?a.
?acee/ea iauanoaa e eoeueoo?u auyaeyao a? ii?aaeaeaiey eae niaieoiiinoue
nicaeaiiuo /aeiaaeii oeaiiinoae. Ie? eoeueoo?u – ie? iaoa?eaeueiuo e
eaeaaeueiuo aeooiaiuo oeaiiinoae, o.a. ie? iauaeoii iaoa?eaeueiuo e
eaeaaeueiuo acyouo a aai ioiioaiee e /aeiaaeo, ie?, iaiieiaiiue
/aeiaa/aneeie niuneaie. O?aeoiaea eoeueoo?u eae nenoaiu oeaiiinoae
ia?aie/eaaao eoeueoo?o io i?e?iaeu e iaeiia?aiaiii ia iicaieyao
ioiaeaeanoaeyoue a? n iauanoaii. I?e oaeii iiaeoiaea eoeueoo?a aunooiaao
eae ii?aaeae?iiue aniaeo iauanoaa, oai naiui i?iyniyaony a? nioeeaeueiay
i?e?iaea, ii aianoa n oai ia nieiaaony e aaaeiay i?iaeaia niioiioaiey
eoeueoo?u e iauanoaa.
*aeiaae aini?eieiaao eoeueoo?o ecae?aoaeueii iiae aeeyieai
i?aaeii/oaiee, ii?aaeaeyaiuo iiiaeie ianoiyoaeuenoaaie. E eeoue ia
iniiaa yoie, onaiaiiie ei eoeueoo?u ii ieacuaaaony niiniaiui
?acaeaaoueny aeaeueoa. Eae noauaeo eoeueoo?u ii aiineo a ia? ia/oi
iiaia. A niioiioaiee inaiaiey e oai?/anoaa eoeueoo?u caeiaeaia ianna
i?iaeai e i?ioeai?a/ee. *oiau a ieo ?acia?aoueny iaaei oioy au a iauai
aeaea i?iaiaeece?iaaoue i?iaeaio ?acaeoey eoeueoo?u.
Aeaeaei auoiaeyo ca ?aiee ioaeaeueiuo nioeeaeueiuo nenoai e i?eia?aoatho
aeiaaeueiue iauaoeeaeeecaoeeiiiue oa?aeoa? aeaiia?aoe/aneea e
yia?aaoe/aneea i?iaeaiu, caaea/a iaania/aieai i?iaeiaieuenoaeai
ianaeaiey Caiee. Ia?aae anai /aeiaa/anoaii noieo iauay oeaeue –
nio?aieoue oeeaeeecaoeeth, iaania/eoue nianoaaiiia auaeeaaiea. Ionthaea
oaeaea neaaeoao, /oi i?eioeeieaeueiua ?acee/ey ie?iauo nioeeaeueiuo
nenoai ia ioiaiytho iiiyoee /aeiaa/aneie oeeaeeecaoeee, nia?aiaiiie
oeeaeeecaoeee. caiiie oeeaeeecaoeee, eioi?oth iaiaoiaeeii iaueie
oneeeyie anao ia?iaeia oaa?a/ue io yaea?iiai oie/oiaeaiey.
42. Ineoiaiaeeoe/aneay oeeinioey C. O?aeae, A. THia e A. Aaeea?.
Yiie?e/aneie aacie ineoiaiaeeoe/aneie oeeinioee yaeyaony ineoiaiaeec. Ii
aiciee a ?aieao ineoeao?ee eae naiaia?aciue iiaeoiae e ea/aieth iaa?icia
iaoiaeii eaoa?nena eee naiii/euaiey. Iinoaiaiii ec iaaeeoeeineie
iaoiaeeee ii au?in aei o?iaiy oeeinioneiai oa/aiey, no?aiyuaainy
iauynieoue ee/iinoiua, eoeueoo?iua e nioeeaeueiua yaeaiey.
Iniiaiiieiaeiee ineoiaiaeeca aano?eeneee a?a/ – C. O?aeae (1856 – 1939
aa.). Eeanne/aneay ineoieiaey aei O?aeaea eco/aea yaeaiey niciaiey, eae
iie i?iyaeyeenue o caei?iaiai /aeiaaea. O?aeae, eae ineoiiaoieia,
enneaaeoy oa?aeoa? e i?e/eiu iaa?icia, iaoieeioeny ia oo iaeanoue
/aeiaa/aneie ineoeee, eioi?ay ?aiueoa ieeae ia eco/aeanue, ii eioi?ay
eiaea aieueoia cia/aiea aeey aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe /aeiaaea – yoi
aanniciaoaeueiia.
Ioe?uoea aanniciaoaeueiiai, enneaaeiaaiea aai no?oeoo?u, aeeyiey ia
eiaeeaeaeoaeueioth e iauanoaaiioth aeeciue auei aeaaiie caneoaie
O?aeaea. Aanniciaoaeueiu ii O?aeaeo iiiaea iaoe aeaeaiey e iiaoaeaeaiey.
Aeiaieueii /anoi i?i?uaaaony aanniciaoaeueiia ia?oaeo a aeiiioe/aneeo
ninoiyieyo, niiaeaeaieyo, a eaeeo-eeai oaeoao iaoaai iiaaaeaiey.
Niaeanii O?aeaeo, ineoeea /aeiaaea i?aaenoaaeyao niaie acaeiiaeaenoaea
o?ao o?iaiae: aanniciaoaeueiiai, i?aaeniciaoaeueiiai e niciaoaeueiiai.
Aanniciaoaeueiia ii n/eoae oeaio?aeueiui eiiiiiaioii, niioaaonoaothuei
nooe /aeiaa/aneie ineoeee, a niciaoaeueiia – eeoue iniaie eiooeoeeae,
iaaeno?aeaathuaeny iaae aanniciaoaeueiui. Nicaeaiiay O?aeaeii iiaeaeue
ee/iinoe i?aaenoaao eae eiiaeiaoeey o?ao yeaiaioia. “Iii” – aeoaeiiue
neie aanniciaoaeueiiai aea/aiey – ineoe/aneay naiinoue, iniiaa
aeayoaeueiinoe eiaeeaeaeia, “ss” – noa?a niciaoaeueiiai, iin?aaeiee i/o
“Iii” e “aiaoiei ie?ii”. “Naa?o – ss” aioo?eee/iinoiay niaanoue, eioi?ay
aicieeaao eae iin?aaeiee i/o “Iii” e “ss” a neeo iinoiyiii aicieeathuaai
eiioeeeoa i/o ieie. “Naa?o – ss” yaeyaony eae au aunoei nouanoaii a
/aeiaaea. Aeoaeiiue neie /aeiaa/aneie ineoeee, ii iunee O?aeaea,
ooieoeeiie?oao ia iniiaa i?e?iaeiuo einoeieoia, ia?ae/iuo aea/aiee n
oeaeueth iieo/aiey iaeaieueoaai oaeiaieuenoaey. A ea/anoaa iniiau
ia?ae/iuo O?aeae nia/aea ?anniao?eaae /enoi naenoaeueiua aea/aiey.
Iicaeiaa ii caiaiyao eo aieaa iauei iiiyoeai “eeaaaei”, eioi?ia
ioaaouaaao anth noa?o /aeiaa/aneie ethaae ( e ?iaeeia, ?iaeeoaeyi e
o.ae.). A eiia/iii n/aoa ii auaeaeaaao aeiioaco, /oi aeayoaeueiinoue
/aeiaaea iaoneiaeaia iaee/eai eae aeieiae/aneeo, oae e nioeeaeueiuo
aea/aiee, aaea aeiieie?othuoth ?ieue ea?atho oae iacuaaaiua “einoeieo
aeecie” – y?in e einoeieo nia?oe – oaiaoin. Iineieueeo a oaeiaeaoai?aiee
naieo no?anoae eiaeeaeae noaeeeaaaony n aiaoiae ?aaeueiinoueth, eioi?ay
i?ioeainoieo a aeaea “Iii”, a iai auaeaeyaony “ss”, no?aiyuaany
iaocaeaoue aanniciaoaeueiua aea/aiey e iai?aaeoue eo a ?onei nioeeaeueii
iaeia?aiiiai iiaaaeaiey i?e iiiiue “naa?o – ss”. O?aeae n/eoae /oi
ineoiaiaeec i.a. eniieueciaai e aeey iauyniaiey e aeey ?aaoee?iaaiey
iauanoaaiiuo i?ioeannia. A ineoe/aneie aeecie /aeiaaea anaaaea
i?enoonoaoao “Ae?oaie”, n eioi?ui ii anooiaao a eiioaeo. Iaoaieciu
ineoe/aneiai acaeiiaeaenoaey i/o ?acee/iuie einoaioeeyie a ee/iinoe
iaoiaeyo naie aiaeia a eoeueoo?iuo i?ioeannao iauanoaa. Ethaee,
iiae/a?eeaae ii, iinoiyiii iaoiaeyony a ninoiyiee no?aoa e aaniieienoaa
io aeinoeaeaiee oeeaeeecaoeee, iineieueeo oaeiaua iiaoo auoue
eniieueciaaiu i?ioea /aeiaaea. *oanoai no?aoa e aaniieienoai oneeeaaaony
io oiai, /oi nioeeaeueiua eino?oiaiou, ?aaoee?othuea ioiioaiey i/o
ethaeueie a naiuea, iauanoaa e ainoaea?noaa, i?ioeainoiyo ei eae
/oaeaeua e iaiiiyoiua neeu. ?acaeoea eoeueoo?u – yoi au?aaioaiiay
/aeiaa/anoaii oi?ia iaocaeaiey /aeiaa/aneie aa?annee. I?ioeai?a/ea i/o
eoeueoo?ie e aioo?aiieie ono?aieaieyie /aeiaaea aaaeoo e ia?aicai.
Eaeae O?aeaea ?acaeaae A. THia (1875 – 1961 aa). THia n/eoae, /oi O?aeae
iaii?aaaeaiii naae anth /aeiaa/aneoth aeayoaeueiinoue e aeieiae/anee
oianeaaeiaaiiui einoeieoai, oiaaea eae eiatho /enoi neiaiee/aneoth
i?e?iaeo. A nayce n yoei ii aaae iiiyoea “a?oaoeiu” – oi?iaeueiua
ia?acoeu iiaaaeaiey eee neiaiee/aneea ia?acu, ia iniiaa eioi?uo
ioi?ieythony eiie?aoiua, iaiieiaiiua niaea?aeaieai, ia?acu,
niioaaonoaothuea a ?aaeueiie aeecie noa?aioeiai niciaoaeueiie
aeayoaeueiinoe /aeiaaea. Iiiyoea “a?oaoeiu” THia ?acuyniyao ia iniiaa
o/aiey i eieeaeoeaiii aanniciaoaeueiii. THia i?iaiaeeo /aoeia
?acaeaeaiea i/o eiaeeaeaeoaeueiui e eieeaeoeaiui aanniciaoaeueiui.
Eiaeeaeaeoaeueiia aanniciaoaeueiia io?aaeaao ee/iinoiue iiuo
ioaeaeueiiai /aeiaaea e ninoieo ec ia?aaeeaaiee , eioi?ua eiaaea oi auee
niciaoaeueiuie, ii oo?aoeee naie niciaoaeueiue oa?aeoa? a neeo caaaaiey
eee iiaeaaeaiey. Eieeaeoeaiia aanniciaoaeueiia – yoi iaua/aeiaa/aneee
iiuo, oa?aeoa?iue aeey anao ?an e ia?iaeia. Iii i?aaenoaaeyao niaie
ne?uoua neaaeu iaiyoe /aeiaa/aneiai i?ioeiai, a oaeaea aei/aeiaa/aneia
aeeaioiia ninoiyiea, iii auoiaeeo o nia?aiaiiuo ethaeae ia iiaa?oiinoue
/a?ac niiaeaeaiey.
Anee O?aeae a iauyniaiee iioeaia iiaaaeaiey ee/iinoe nin?aaeioa/eaae
naia aieiaiea ia auyaeaiee i?e/eiu aeaenoaey /aeiaaea, oi A. Aaeea?
n/eoae, /oi aeey yoiai iaiaoiaeeii ciaoue eiia/ioth oeaeue aai
ono?aieaiee, “aanniciaoaeueiue aeeciaiiue ieai”, i?e iiiiue eioi?iai ii
noa?aaony i?aiaeieaoue iai?yaeaiea aeecie e naith iaoaa?aiiinoue.
Niaeanii o/aieth Aaeea?a, eiaeeaeae /oanoaoy naia oece/aneia ia
niaa?oainoai iuoaaony naiiooaa?aeeony n?aaee ae?oaeo, ca n/ao
eiioeaio?aoeee naiaai oai?/aneiai iioaioeeaea. A ?acoeueoaoa ii iieo/aao
naa?oeiiiainaoeeth (iai?eia? Iaiieaii).
43. Yecenoaioeeaeueiay oeeinioey.
(Eaith. “Ieo e Neceoa. Ynna ia aano?aea”, Na?o?. “Yecenoaioeeaeeci – yoi
aoiaieci”). Yecenoaioeeaeeci – Oeeinioey nouanoaiaaiey.
E??aoeeiiaeenoe/aneay oee. Iaeaieaa e?oiiua i?aaenoaaeoaee: I.
Oaeaeaaaa?, E ssnia?n, A.Ia?naeue, AE.I.Na?o?, A.Eaith, I.Aaaaiueyii. A
Aa?i y. noae neeaaeuaaoueny iinea 1 ie? aieiu (ianoaiiaea iceiaeaiey e
oiuiey) Iia aieia – O?aioeey a?aiai ieoiaoeee e iinea 2 ie? aieiu. Y.
iinoaaeee aiiin i niunea aeecie, i noaeueaa /ae, i auai?a e ee/iie
ioaaonoaaiiinoe.
Enoiaeiue ioieo oee. Y. – eciee?iaaiiue, iaeeiieee eiaeeaeae, ana
eioa?anu eioi?iai nin?aaeioi/aiu ia iai aea naiii, ia aai nianoaaiiii
iaiaaeaaeiii e a?aiiii nouanoaiaaiee. Yecenoaioeeaeueiua i?iaeaiu – yoi
oaeea i?iae, eioi?ua aicieeatho ec naiiai oaeoa nou /aeiaaea. Aeey Y
eiaao cia/aiea oieueei aai nianoaaiiia nou e aai aeaeaeaiea e iaauoeth.
Y iauyae i?aaeiaoii o. – auoea. “Nia?aiaiiay oee, eae e a i?ioeua
a?aiaia caiyoa auoeai”- (Na?o?). Iie ooaa?aeaeatho, /oi iiiyoea auoey
yae iaii?aaeaeeiui., e /oi ieeaeie eia aiaeec aai iaaiciiaeai. Iiyoiio
o. ia i.a. iaoeie i auoee e aeieaeia eneaoue eiuo, iaiao/iuo,
e??aoeeiiaeueiuo iooae aeey i?iieeiiaaiey a iaai.
Oioy auoea aauae niaa?o iaiiiyoii, ii anoue 1 aeae auoey ioee/ii iai
ciaeiiue – yoi iaoa nianoaaiiia auoea. Caeanue oi e ioe?uaaaony aeinooi
e auoeth eae oaeiaiio, ii eaeao /a?ac iaoa nouanoaiaaiea. Ii yoi nou.
ia/oi aioo?aiiaa e iaau?aceiia a iiiyoeyo: “nou anoue oi, /oi ieeiaaea
ai noaiiaeony iauaeoii”, eai iu ieeiaaea ia iiaeai acaeyiooue ia naay ni
noi?iiu.
Y – yoi oee, aaeeinoaaiiue i?aaeiao eio – /aeiaa/aneia nou-a, oi/iaa
i?aaeeaaiea nou-y. N?aaee anao niiniaia auoey nouanoaiaaiey Y euoo
oaeie, a eio nou ?ane?ueinue au iaeaieaa iieii – yoi no?ao. No?ao – yoi
enoiaeiia ia?aaeeaaiea, eaaeauaa a iniiaa anaai nou-y. A eii/iii n/aoa
yoi no?ao ia?aae nia?oueth.
Aeey Na?o?a ana aaue, e?iia /aeiaaea anoue”auoea a naaa”, a /ae. nou.
anoue “auoea aeey naay” eee ie/oi. Iineieueeo anyeia auoea aici ec auoey
e ia iiaeao i?aa? a ie/oi, oi aeeo /ae nou-y, iiieiaaiiai eae
ia?aaeeaaiea, ia iiaeao iaeoenue oaeiai auuoey, ec eio iii iiaei au
aicieeiooue e eoaea oeoe. Cia/eo auoea /ae anoue ie/oi. Iniciaaay naia
ie/iaeanoai /ae eniuouaaao no?ao “/aeiaae anoue aai no?ao”.
ssnia?n iieaaaao, /oi /ae nou ?ane?uaaaony eeoue a “iia?aie/iuo
neooaoeee” – no?aaeaiea, ai?ueaa, nia?oue.
Naiaiaea. *aeia nai naiaiaeii auae?aao naith nouiinoue, ii noaiiaeony
oai, eai ii naay naeaeaao. *ae – yoi iinoiyiiay aiciiaeiinoue, caiunae,
i?iaeo. Ii naiaiaeii auae?aao naay e ianao iieioth ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca
naie auai?. Naiaiaea ninoaaeyao naii /ae. nouanoaiaaiea, /ae e anoue
naiaiaea.
Iaeiaei naia iiieiaaony eie eae ia/oi iaecuynieiia, ia iiaeaeathuany
au?aae a iiiyoeyo, e??aoeeiiaeueiia. Naia iie iuneyo eae naia aia
iauanoaa. Yoi aioo? ninoiyiea, iano?iaiiinoue, ia?aaeeaaiea eiaeeaeaea.
Naiaiaea i?ioeaiiinoaaeyaony iaiaoiaeeiinoe. Oaeay naiaiaea, i?ioeaiiino
iaiaoiaeeiinoe e io?aoaiiay io iauanoaa, – anoue ionoie oi?iaeueiue
i?eioeei. Naiaiaea – yoi naiaiaea auai?a ioiioaiey e ie?oae
aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe. ?aa iiaeao auoue naiaiaeiui, niioaaonoaaiii
naiiii?aaeaeyy ioiioaiea e naiaio auoeth. Naiaiaea noaiiaeony
iaioa?aoeiui ?ieii. “*aeiaae inoaeaeai auoue naiaiaeiui” naiaiaea anoue
io/eoaeueiay iaiaoiaeeiinoue.
Oa?aeo /a?oie /ae nou yaeyaony oi, /oi ii ia nai auae?aao oneiaey naiaai
nou, ii caa?ioai a ie? e iiaeaeanoai noaeueaa. Io /aeiaaea ia caaeneo
a?aiy aai ?iaeaeaiey e nia?oe. Yoi i?eaiaeeo eo e iunee, /oi iiieii /ae
nou-y nou iioonoi?iiiyy ?aaeueiinoue, eio iiieiaaony eae niinia nou /ae,
ninoiyuee a icaai/aiiinoe /ae, iai?aaeaiiie eoaea-oi aia aai. Ai ie?
i?aaenoaaeyao n?aaeo, ie? caaiou /ae, ie?oaeathuee /ae nou-a e
iaoiaeyueeny a ia?ac?uaiie nayce n iei. I?ino?ainoai e a?aiy anoue
niiniau /ae nou-y. A?aiy – yoi ia?aaeeaaiea nou-ai naiae ia?aie/aiiinoe,
a?aiaiiinoe. I?aaenoaae i a?aiaie aei iiaai ?iaeaeaiey e iinea nia?oe –
i?iecaieueiay yeno?aiieyoeey. Aiai?eoue i oii, /oi aoaeao iinea iiae
nia?oe aanniuneaii.
Ee/iinoue e iauanoai Iauanoai – anaiauay aacee/iay neea, iiaeaaeythuay e
?ac?oo eiaeeaeaeoaeueiinoue, ioieiathuay o /ae aai auoea., iaaycua
ee/iinoe o?aoa?aoiua aeonu, i?aau,acaeyaeu… *aeiaae, i?aneaaeoaiue
no?aoii nia?oe, euao i?eaaaeeua a iauanoaa. ?anoai?yynue a iai ii
ooaoaao naay oai, /oi ethaee nia?oiu. Ii aeeciue a iauanoaa ia enoeiia.
A aeoaeia /ae ne?uoi enoeiiia, iaeeiieia nou-a. Eaaeaeue oie?aao a
iaeeii/eo.
44. AIAEEOE*ANEAss OEEINIOEss
AO – iai?aaeaiea caiaaeiie oee-e, eio. naiaeeo oee-th e aiaeeco
oiio?aaeaiey ycueiauo n?aaenoa e au?aaeaiee, oieeoaiiio eae iiaeeeiiue
enoi/iee iinoaiiaee oee. i?iaeai. Yoio aiaeec a AO ?anniao?eaaaony eae
aaeeinoaaiiue i?aaiia?iue iaoiae oee-ai enneaaeiaaiey e iai?aaeai ia oi,
/oiau auyaeoue aeaenoaeoaeueiinoue neooaoeee oiio?aaeaiey ycueiauo n?-a,
ii?iaeaeathueo oeeinioneea i?iaeaiu. Aai oeaeue – iieacaoue, /oi ia
nouanoaoao ?aaeueiuo oee. i?iaeai, a oee. i?iaeaia yae. eeai
inaaaeii?iaeaiie, eeai iineo eiaeiieeiaaenoe/aneee oa?aeoa?, eeai
i?aaeiieaaaao eiie?aoiia enneaaeiaaiea. AO noi?ie?iaaeanue a NOA,
Aaeeeia?eoaiee.
A AO 2 iai?aaeaiey: 1. eiae/aneee aiaeec oee-e, eio. a ea/-aa n?-aa
aiaeeca i?eiaiyao aiia?ao nia?. iaoaiao. eiaeee; 2. eeiaaenoe/aneay
oee-y, ioaa?aaao eiae/aneoth oi?iaeecaoeeth eae iniiaiie iaoiae aiaeeca
e caieiaaony enneaaeiaaieai oeiia oiio?aaeaiey au?aaeaiee a anoannoa.,
iauaeaiiii ycuea, a o./. eiaaea ii i?ei. i?e oi?ioee?iaea oee. iiiyoee.
Yoe iai?aaeaiey au?aaeatho ?acee/iua oiiiano?iaiey: a oi a?aiy, eae
oee-y eiae/ aiaeeca n/eoaan naay oee-ae iaoee, noi?iiieee oee-e
eeiaaenoe/. aiaeeca aunooiatho i?ioea e-e eoeueoa iao/iiai ciaiey e
ionoaeaatho anoannoa. ioiioaiey e ie?o, au?aaeaiiia a iauaeaiiii ycuea.
?iaeiia/. eeiaaenoe/. oee-e ?aee, Oenaeii, No?inii, Aeae. ?iaeiia/.
eiae/. aiaeeca oee-e – Aeoeiaooaei, Eoaei, Aoaeiai, Iiiia?.
Iiiyoea aiaeeca, i?eiyoia a aiaeeo. oee-e, iiyaeeinue a oee-e OO a. o
?annaea eae ii?aaeaeaiiue iaoiae ?ac?aaioee oee. i?iaeaiaoeee.
Iiiyoea AO iieo/aao ?ani?ino?aiaiea iinea aoi?ie i?iaie aieiu, ioaaouaay
?acee/iua oa/aiey nia?. oee-e, i?aaeiaoii aiaeeca eio. auee ycueiaua
n?aaenoaa iaoee, iauaeaiiiai ycuea e niiie oee-e. ?ani?ino?aiaiea
oa?ieia AO, auoaniythuaai oa?iei “iaiiiceoeaeci”, naycaii n iaoaea/aie
?aaeecaoeee i?ia?aiiu iaiiiceoeaecia. Aeey AO oa?aeoa?ia oaiaeaioeey,
nio?aiea eaeath aiaeeca eae “aioeiaoaoeceee”, iaeneiaeueii
inaiaiaeeoueny io e-e niaea?aeaoaeueiuo i?aaeiinueie.
45. ss. *AAAeAAA I ?INNEENEIE ENOI?EE E ENOI?EENIOEE.
I.ss. *aaaeaaa – iaeei ec oao iuneeoaeae, aeeciue e oai?/anoai eioi?iai
i?aaenoaaeytho eioa?an ia oieueei aeey enoi?eeia, ii e aeey
nia?aiaiieeia. Ia i?inaaoeoaeueneea aicc?aiey *aaaeaaaa ai ana ia?eiaeu
aai oai?/anoaa ieacuaaee aicaeaenoaia ?aeeaeiciua i?aaenoaaeaiey. Ii
eco/ae aeaeaeneea oaenou, oaeaeaeny oaieiae/aneie eeoa?aoo?ie.
Iniiaiui o?oaeii aeecie *aaaeaaaa yae-ny “Oeeinioneea ienueia”. Eiaiii
yoi ni/eiaiea ii?aaeaeeei aai aeeyiea e cia/aiea a ?onneie
iauanoaaiii-oeeinioneie iunee. A ni/eiaiee *aaaeaaaa aeiieie?otho aeaa
oaiu: 1) ?inney – aa i?ioeia, ianoiyuaa e aoaeouaa; 2) oeeinioey eae
oeeinioey enoi?ee. ?inney – ia?ainoaiaiiay oaia aeey *aaaeaaaa, a nayce
n eioi?ie ii ?anniao?eaae e iiiaea ae?oaea eioa?anothuea aii?inu. Eae
neeaaeuaaeinue i?ioeia ?innee, ii eaeei iooyi eaeao iniciaiea aa
ianoiyuaai, eae oynieoueaa aoaeouaa – yoe i?iaeaiu ia ooiaeyo ec iiey
c?aiey oeeinioa. Aai aeaeaiea ?innee naiaeeony e oiio, /oi ?inney –
no?aia aiiiaeueiay, aa i?ioeia e aeaenoaeo-oue ia?aciauaathony aii?aee e
a i?ioeai?a/ee n caeiiaie ?acaeoey e nouanoaiaaiey ia?iaeia. A
iineaaeothuai ii auneacuaaao i?aaeiieiaeaiea, /oi ?inney ia oieueei
i?aiaeieaao nianoaaiiua o?oaeiinoe iauanoaaiiiai ?acaeoey, ii e iiiiaeao
Caiaaeo ?aoeoue aai i?iaeaiu. Ii aeey yoiai ?inney aeieaeia auoue
ei?aiiui ia?acii i?aia?aciaaia ai anao ioiioaieyo.
Eae auei ioia/aii, nioeeaeueii-iieeoe/aneea aicc?aiey *aaaeaaaa
iaeaieueoaa caaa?oaiea iieo/eee a aai oeeinioee enoi?ee. Iaeiaei e
ae?oaea oeeinioneea iaeanoe, aeeth/ay iioieiaeth e aiinaieiaeth, ia auee
inoaaeaiu aai aieiaieai. A iniiaa iioieiae/aneeo i?aaenoaaeaiee
/aaaeaaaa eaaeao i?eioeeiu iauaeoeaiinoe e aaeeinoaa. Eo acaeiiaeaenoaea
ii?iaeaeaao “eiaeeo i?e/ei e neaaenoaee”. Aiinaieiaey *aaaeaaaa
iie?aaony anaoeaei ia aai iioieiae/aneea i?aaenoaaeaiey. Eeth/aaie
aunooiaao eaeay iauaeoeaiie iaoneiaeaiiinoe niciaiey. Iinoeaeaiea auoey
inouanoaeyaony n iiiiuueth anoanoaaiiuo n?aaenoa – iiuoiinoe e
?annoaeaeaiey. E yoiio aeiaaaeyaony eiooeoeey.
46. ?AC?AAIOEA EAeAIEIAEE NEAAssIIOEEUeNOAA.
I?eaeiaeueiui ?onneei oeeinionei-eaeaieiae/aneei oa/aieai yaeyaony
neaayiioeeuenoai ( Oiiyeia, Ee?aaaneee, Aenaeia). Neaayiioeeu iie?aeenue
ia “naiiauoieeia”, ia i?aaineaaii-?onneia iai?aaeaiea a iauanoaaiiie
iunee ?innee. A iniiaa eo oeeinioneiai o/aiey eaaeaea eaeay i
ianneaineie ?iee ?onneiai ia?iaea, i aai ?aeeaeiciie e eoeueoo?iie
naiiauoiinoe e, aeaaea, eneeth/eoaeueiinoe. Enoiaeiue oacen o/aiey
neaayiioeeia ninoieo a ooaa?aeaeaiee ?aoathuae ?iee i?aaineaaey aeey
?acaeoey anae ie?iaie oeeaeeecaoeee. Ii iiaieth Oiiyeiaa, eiaiii
i?aaineaaea noi?ie?iaaei “oa eneiiii ?onneea ia/aea, oio “?onneee aeoo”,
eio. nicaeae ?onneoth caieth a aa aaneiia/iii iauaia”.
Eaeea aea ea/anoaa i?aaineaaey aeatho aio i?aeiouanoai ia?aae ae?oaeie
?aeeaeyie. Aeey ioaaoa ia yoio aii?in Oiiyeia i?iaiaeeo enneaaeiaaiey, a
eio. ioeaieaaao ?ieue ?acee/iuo ?aeeaee a ie?iaie enoi?ee. Ii aeaeeo ana
?aeeaee ia aeaa iniiaiua a?oiiu: e?aineoth e eooeoneoth. ?acee/ea
iaaeaeo yoeie aeaoiy a?oiiaie ?aeeaee, ii aai iuoeaieth, ii?aae-ny
niioiioaieai a ieo naiaiaeu e iaiaoiaeeiinoe. Eooeinoai no?ieony ia
ia/aeao iaiaoiaeeiinoe, ia?aeay aai iineaaeiaaoaeae ia aacaeoiiia
iiae/eiaiea, i?aa?auaao ethaeae a eniieieoaeae /oaeaeie ei aiee.
E?ainoai – yoi ?aeeaey naiaiaeu, iia ia?auaaony e aioo?aiiaio ie?o
/aeiaaea, o?aaoao io iaai niciaoaeueiiai auai?a iaaeaeo aeia?ii e ceii.
Iaeaieaa iieii nouiinoue e?ainoaa au?aceei, ii iiaieth Oiiyeiaa,
o?enoeainoai. Ii o?enoeainoai ?aneieieinue ia o?e e?oiiuo iai?aaeaiey:
eaoieeoeeci, i?aaineaaea e i?ioanoaioeci. A ?acee/iuo iai?aaeaieyo
o?enoeainoaa ni/aoaiea naiaiaeu e iaiaoiaeeiinoe i?aaenoaaeaii
ii-?aciiio. Eaoieeoeeci iaaeiyaony neaayiioeeaie a ionoonoaee oea?eiaiie
naiaiaeu. I?ioanoaioeci aea aiaaeaao a ae?oaoth e?aeiinoue – a
aaniethoecaoeeth /aeiaa/aneie naiaiaeu, eiaeeaeaeoaeueiiai ia/aea, eio.
?ac?ooaao oea?eiaiinoue. Oieueei i?aaineaaea, n/eoaao Oiiyeia,
aa?iiie/anee ni/aoaao naiaiaeo e iaiaoiaeeiinoue, eiaeeaeaeoaeueioth
?aeeaeiciinoue n oea?eiaiie i?aaiecaoeeae.
?aoaiea i?iaeaiu ni/aoaiey naiaiaeu e iaiaoiaeeiinoe, eiaeeaeaeoaeueiiai
e oea?eiaiiai ia/aea neoaeeo o neaayiioeeia aaaeiui iaoiaeieiae/aneei
i?eioeeiii aeey ?ac?aaioee eeth/aaiai iiiyoey eo ?aeeaeicii-oeeinioneeo
aicc?aiee – iiiyoey niai?iinoe. Ii?aaeaeyauei i?eciaeii niai?iinoe
neoaeeo i?eioeei “aaeeinoaa e iiiaeanoaaiiinoe”. Niai?iinoue i?iyaeyaony
ai anao noa?ao aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe /aeiaaea: a oea?eae, a naiuea, a
ioiioaieyo iaaeaeo ainoaea?noaaie e o.ae.
Iaeiie ec aaaeiuo oai ?aciuoeaiee neaayiioeeia auea oaia aa?iiie/iiai
ni/aoaiey niai?iuo enoei e ?annoaei/iuo iieiaeaiee, ?aeeaeiciie aeecie e
naaoneie oeeinioee. Neaayiioeeu iiaeaa?aaee ?aceie e?eoeea
?ani?ino?aiaiiue a ?onneii i?aaineaaee oacen i nouanoaiaaiee
iai?eie?eiiai i?ioeai?a/ey iaaeaeo ?aeeaeae e oeeinioeae. Iie i?eciaaaee
aaaeioth ?ieue a aeecie ethaeae ?annoaei/iiai ia/aea, oeeinioneeo
eneaiee e i?ecuaaee e nicaeaieth naiiauoiie ?onneie oeeinioee eae iauaai
iniiaaiey anao iaoe e aeooiaiiai iiuoa ?onneiai ia?iaea, ?aoiaaee ca
niaaeeiaiea niai?iuo enoei n nia?aiaiiui i?inaauaieai. Iaeiaei, ii eo
iiaieth, oeeinioneea ?aciuoeaiey iieaciu eeoue iinoieueeo, iineieueeo ia
no?aiyony ainiiaenoaiaaoue iaae ?aeeaeiciie aeeciueth. A oao aea
neo/ayo, eiaaea i?ienoiaeeo auaeaeaeaiea oeeinioee ia ia?aue ieai,
niai?iia niciaiea iiaeiaiyaony ?annoaei/iui.
Neaayiioeeu ionoaeaatho oacen i i?eioeeieaeueiii ioee/ee ?acaeoey ?innee
io anae caiaaeiie oeeaeeecaoeee. E caeanue ia ia?aaeiee ieai auoiaeeo
?aeeaeiciia ia/aei. Caiaaeiua ia?iaeu, eca?aoea neiaie aa?u, oai naiui
i?aaeaee caaaaieth niai?iia ia/aei. A yoi a naith i/a?aaeue ii?iaeeei
iaaeinoaoee aa?iiaeneie eoeueoo?u. ?inney aea, iie?aynue ia
i?aaineaaioth aeooiaioth iniiao, eaeao naiei iniaui iooai, eio. aeieaeai
i?eaanoe aa e ie?iaiio eeaea?noao.
I?aaineaaea ii?iaeeei niaoeeoe/aneoth nioeeaeueioth i?aaiecaoeeth –
naeueneoth iaueio. Iaueiiia ono?ienoai ?onneie aeecie yae-ny aaaeiui
i?eciaeii ?onneiai ia?iaea, ii?aaeaeythuaai aai iniaue iooue a
enoi?e/aneii ?acaeoee. Neaayiioeeu aa?eee, /oi ii ia?a ?ani?ino?aiaiey
“iaueiiiai i?eioeeia” a ?inneeneii iauanoaa aoaeao ana aieaa
oe?aieyoueny “aeoo niai?iinoe”.
47. AA?OeAI E *A?IUOAANEEE EAE OEEINIOU
Iaoa?eaeenou A.E.Aa?oeai (1812-1870), I.A.*a?iuoaaneee (1828-1889), Iie
yaeyeenue ia oieueei oeein oai?aoeeaie, ii e eaeaieiaaie ?. ?aa
aeaiie?aoee. ? o i?ioee iio/eoaeueioth oeieo iai eean oee e O?
i?inaauaiey. Iinea aeoaieiai oaea/aiey aaaaeueyinoaii ? oee iiaa?ioeanue
a noi? iao-ia (ia aac iiiiue Oaa?a), no?aiynue iaeiaei nio?aieoue
aeeaeaeoe/iinoue. Iie iainiiaaee i?eioeei aaeeinoaa niciaiey e auoey,
ia?ae/iinoue iaoa? ii ioiio e niciaieth, eaeath i oii , /oi nici anoue
na-ai ia anae, a oieueei aunieii?aaiec iaoa?ee – iicaa.
A i?e?iaea, ii *a?iuoaaneiio, ia/aai eneaoue eaeae: a iae eeoue
?aciiioi?ieaiiay iaoa?ey n ?acii?iaeiuie ea/anoaaie, a ?-oa noieeiiaaiey
eio e ia/eiaaony aeeciue i?e?iaeu.
Iainiiaaee i?eioeei iinoiyiie yaiethoeee iauanoaaiiie enoi?ee. Aa?oeai:
i?e?iaea e /aeia enoi?ey aa/ii e iai?a?uaii eciaiythony, iie oa/aiea,
i?aeea, aeaeaeaiea, i?e/ai aeaeae i?ienoiaeeo iin?aaenoaii ai?ueau 2
i?ioeaiiie oaiaeaioeee: aicieeiiaaiey e ?ac?ooaiey. ?acaeoea eaeao /a?ac
i?ioeai?a/ey, ai?ueao iiaiai ni noa?ui, io?eoeaieai ioaeeaoaai
ia?iaeaeathueiny.
Naiiauoiui ? iuneeoaeai aue Eaa Oienoie(1828-1910). Iiaeaa?aay e?eoeea
iau-iieeo ono?ienoai ?, O oiiaae ia i?aanoaaiii-?aeeaeiciue i?ia?ann a
niciaiee /ae. Eaeath enoi? i?ia? ii naycuaae n ?aoaieai aii? i
iacia/aiee /ae e niunea aeecie, ioaao ia eio aeieaeia aeaoue nicaeaiiay
ei enoeiiay ?aeeaey. A iae ii i?eciaaae eeoue yoe/aneoth noi?iio,
io?eoeay aiaineianeea aniaeou. Ioeac io ethaie ai?ueau, iai?ioeaeaiea
ceo, i?iiiaaaeue anaiauae ethaae. “Oea?noai aiaeea aioo?e ian” – ii
iai?eaieeeiau/iia ?ae iiieiaiea aiaa. Anyeay aeanoue – ianeeea —
io?eoeaiea ain-aa. O.e. ii ioaa?aae ai?ueao oi oi?acaeiaiea ain aeieaeii
i?iecieoe iooai ioeaca eaaeaeiai io auiieiaiey iau e ain iaycaiiinoae.
O.I.Aeinoiaaneee. (1821-1881). A naieo iauanoa-iieeo eneaieyo ii
ia?aaeee ianeieueei ia?eiaeia. Oaeaeaeny eaeayie ooiie/aneiai
nioeeaeeciao (a e?oaeea Iao?aoaaoeaa). Caoai a aai acaeyaeao i?iecioae
ia?aeia, nayc n onaiaieai ?aeeaeicii-i?aanoa eaeae. Eniiaaaeuaae eaeae
ii/aaie/anoaa, ey eio oa?-ii ?aeea i?eaioe?iaaiiinoue oee iniuneaiey
noaeaa ?on enoi?ee. Any enoi?. /aeiaa/anoaa n yoie oi/ee c?aiey
i?aaenoaaeyeanue eae ai?ueaa ca oi?aeanoai o?enoeainoaa. ? ia?iae –
ienney, iineoaeue aunoae aeoo enoeiu.
48. Oeeinioey anaaaeeinoaa A.N. Nieiaueaaa.
A.N Nieiaueaa (1853 – 1900) – e?oiiaeoee ?onneee oeeinio, caeiaeeaoee
iniiau ?onneie ?aeeaeiciie oeeinioee. Ii iuoaeny nicaeaoue oeaeinoioth
ie?iaic?ai/aneoth nenoaio, eioi?ay naycaea au aiaaeeii cai?inu
?aeeaeiciie e nioeeaeueiie aeecie /aeiaaea. Iniiaie oaeiai ie?iaic?aiey
ii Nieiaueaao, aeieaeii noaoue o?enoeainoai. Iniaaiiinoue iiaeoiaea
Nieiaueaaa a oii, /oi ii ?aoiaae ca iauaaeeiaiea anao o?enoeaineeo
eiioannee (i?aaineaaey, eaoieeoeecia e i?ioanoaioecia). Ae?oaay aai
iniaaiiinoue a oii, /oi ii iuoaeny aeeth/eoue a o?enoeaineia
ie?iaic?aiea iiaaeoaa aeinoeaeaiea anoanoaiciaiey, enoi?ee e oeeinioee,
nicaeaoue neioac ?aeeaee e iaoee.
Oeaio?aeueiay eaeay aai oeeinioee – eaeay anaaaeeinoaa. Ii aai o/aieth,
nouaa anoue aaeeiia, anaiauaiethuaa. Iecoee e aunoee o?iaaiue auoey
acaeiinaycaiu, o.e. iecoaa iaia?oaeeaaao naia oyaioaiea e aunoaio, a
eaaeaeia aunoaa aae?aao a naay iecoaa. Iioieiae/aneie iniiaie
anaaaeeinoaa o Nieiaueaaa aunooiaao aiaeanoaaiiay o?ieoea a aa nayce ni
anaie aiaeanoaaiiuie oai?aieyie e, aeaaiia, n /aeiaaeii. Iniiaiie
i?eioeei anaaaeeinoaa: “Ana aaeeii a aiaa”. Anaaaeeinoai – yoi aaeeinoai
oai?oea e oai?aiey. Aia ii N “einie/aneee ?acoi”, “ iniaay i?aaiecothuay
neea, aeaenoaothuay a ie?a”.
Ie?oaeathuee ie? ii N ia iiaeao ?anniao?eaaoueny eae niaa?oaiiia
nicaeaiea, iaiin?aaenoaaiii enoiaeyuaa ec aiee iaeiiai aiaeanoaaiiiai
ooaeiaeieea. Aiaeanoaaiiue oi, i?aaie/aneay neea ii Nie ?aniaaeaaony ia
iiiaeanoai yeaiaioa?iuo nouiinoae eee aa/iuo e iaeciaiiuo i?e/ei,
eioi?ua eaaeao a iniiaaiee anyeiai i?aaeiaoa eee yaeaiey. Yoe
yeaiaioa?iua nouiinoe ii iacuaaao aoiiaie, eioi?ua naieie aeaeaeaieyie e
eieaaaieyie ia?acotho ?aaeueiue ie?. Naie aoiiu Nieiaueaa o?aeooao eae
iniaua i?iyaeaiey Aiaeanoaa, aeeaua yeaiaioa?iua nouanoaa eee eaeae.
Eaaeaeay eaeay iaeaaeaao ii?aaeaeaiiie neeie, /oi aeaeaao aa
aeayoaeueiui nouanoaii. Nieiaueaa aue noi?iiieeii aeeaeaeoe/aneiai
iiaeoiaea e aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe. Iauee i?eciae anaai aeeaouaai ninoieo a
iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe eciaiaiee. Aeey iainiiaaiey iai?a?uaiie aeeiaieee
auoey Nieiaueaa aaiaeeo oaeia aeoeaiia iaa/aei eae ie?iaay aeooa.,
eioi?ay aunooiaao noauaeoii anao eciaiaiee e i?aaenoaaeyao niaie
yia?aeth eioi?ay iaeooioai?yao ana nouanoaothuaa. Ii aeaenoaoao iia ia
naiinoiyoaeueii, iia ioaeaeaaony a aiaeanoaaiiii eiioeuena. Eiioeuen –
aia aeaao ie?iaie aeooa eaeath anaaaeeinoaa eae ii?aaeaeythuoth oi?io aa
aeayoaeueiinoe. Yoa eaeay iacuaaaony Nioey-ioae?inoe. Iiiyoea Nioee
aaiaeeony aeey oiai, /oiau cayaeoue /oi ie? – yoi ia oieueei oai?aiea
aiaa. Iniiaie ie?a yaeyaony “aeooa ie?a” – Nioey – naycothuaa caaii i/o
oai?oeii e oai?aieai, i?eaeathuay iauiinoue aiao, ie?o e /aeiaa/anoao.
Iaoaieci naeeaeaiey Aiaa, ie?a e /aeiaa/anoaa ?ane?uaaaony /a?ac
eiioeaioeeth aiai/aeiaa/anoaa, ?aaeueiui e niaa?oaiiui aiieiuaieai
eioi?iai yaeyaony Eenon O?enoin. Aai ia?ac neoaeeo ia oieueei eaeaaeii
aeey eiaeeaeaeia, ii e yaeyaony oeaeueth ?acaeoey anaai enoi?e/aneiai
i?ioeanna. Ia yoie oeaee aace?oaony nieiaueaaneay enoi?einioey. Oeaeueth
e niuneii anaai enoi?e/aneiai i?ioeanna yaeyaony iaeooioai?aiea
/aeiaa/anoaa, niaaeeiaiea /aeiaaea n aiaii, aiieauaiea aiai/aeiaa/anoaa.
Ia?ae/iui oneiaeai ia iooe e aiai/aeiaa/anoao yaeyaony o?enoeaineia
ia?auaiea. E O ioe?ue ii?aeueiua oeaiiinoe, nicaeae oneiaey aeey aai
i?aanoaaiiiai niaa?oainoaiaaiey. I?eiauaynue e o/aieth O?enoa, /aeiaae
eaeao ii iooe naiaai iaeooioai?aiey. Yoio i?ioeann ninoaaeyao aanue
enoi?e/aneee ia?eiae aeecie /aeiaa/anoaa. *aeiaa/anoai i?eaeao e
oi?aeanoao aa?u e ni?aaaaeeeainoe, eiaaea aai iauaaeeiythuei ia/aeii
noaiao aiieiuaiiue a /aeiaaea aia.
A aiinaieiae/aneii aniaeoa i?eioeei anaaaeeinoaa ?aaeecoaony /a?ac
eiioeaioeeth oeaeueiiai ciaiey, i?aaenoaaeythuaai niaie ia?ac?uaioth
acaeiinaycue o?ao ?aciiaeaeiinoae yoiai ciaiey: yiie?e/aneiai
(iao/iiai), ?aoeeiiaeueiiai (oeeinioneiai) e ienoe/aneiai
(nica?oeaoaeueii-?aeeaeiciiai). A ea/anoaa iniiaiiieiaathuaai i?eioeeia
oeaeueiia ciaiea i?aaeiieaaaao a nouanoaiaaiea aaniethoiiai ia/aea –
Aiaa. Yiie? ciaiea ?ane?uaaao aiaoithth noi?iio yaeaiee, ?aoeeiiaeueiia
– iniaaiiinoe iuoeaiey. Iaeiaei enoeia iinoeaaaony /a?ac
iaiin?aaenoaaiiia nica?oeaiea, eiooeoeeth.
Eaeaaeueiia iauanoai iuneeeinue Nieiaueaaui eae anaiauaiethuay
oea?eiaii-ainoaea?noaaiiay i?aaiecaoeey, neioac anaeaineie oea?eae e
anaie?iie iiia?oee iiae yaeaeie eaoiee/aneiai ?eia.
49. ?onneee einieci.
Einieci – nianai ae?oaay iuneue, iainiiauaathuayny ooiaeaiaioaeueiie
iaiaoiaeeiinoueth auoiaea /aeiaaea ca i?aaeaeu naiie Caiee.
Iaiaoiaeeiinoue – iauay /a?oa einienoia. Caiaaeiay oeeinioey –
ianneienoe/iue acaeyae. ?inney – aoiaienoe/aneay, iioeienoe/aneay
iuneue. Einieci: anoanoaaiiiiao/iue, ?aeeaeiciue. Oeeinionoaothuea
anoanoaieniuoaoaee: *eaeaaneee (niaaoi? ano?iaeieiaee), Aa?iaaeneee
(iiinoa?a), Oeeieeianeee (iaiaoiaeeiinoue auoiaea /aeiaaea a einiin,
ioe?uoea ?aeao; Caiey – eieuaaeue, ii iaeuecy aea aeeoue a eieuaaee),
Oiia, Eoi?aae/. Anoanoaaiiiiao/iue einieci, ca/ai? Anoanoaaiiiiao/iia
iauyniaiea – o/ao aeeyiey einie/aneeo yaeaiee ia aeeciue ia Caiea.
Nieia/iua aniuoee – aaiiaaieoiua yaeaiey, aeeythuea ia iiaaaeaiea
aeeaioiuo i?aaieciia, iea?aoeeth iiioeyoeee, ie?iaua ?aaiethoeee,
nioeeaeueiua iio?ynaiey e o.i. *eaeaaneee – aei?eoiu.
Aa?iaaeneee – nicaeaoaeue oai?ee iiinoa?a. Anoae ia iiceoeee
ooiaeaiaioaeueiinoe nouanoaiaaiey aeecie. AEeaua nouanoaa – oaeia aea
aauanoai, eae e ethaia ae?oaia. Ia ethaii io?acea aaioeie/aneiai
i?ioeanna iaia?oaeeaaaony aeeaia aauanoai. Oioy e ia io?eoeae /oi aeeaia
iiaeao i?iecieoe ec iaaeeaiai. Ii ana aea aeeaia nei?aa anaai nouanoaoao
anaaaea. Nouanoaoao iai?aaeaiiinoue yaiethoeeiiiiai i?ioeanna (o
Aa?aniia nouanoaoao ia?aiia/aeueiue eiioeuen), oioy anoue ioaaoaeaiey,
ceacaae; iao iiiyoiiai aeaeaeaiey. Ia ii?aaeaeaiiii o?iaia aeaeaeaiea
aeinoeaaao oaeie noaaeee ?acaeoey, /oi niiniaii ieacuaaoue aeeyiea ia
ie?oaeathuee ie?. *aeiaae – o/anoiee aaieiae/aneiai i?ioeanna
(iiai?a/eaaiea ?ae e i?.). Niiniaiinoue e ?ac?ooaieth noieue aaeeea, /oi
i?e?iaea ia ni?aaeyaony. Iaiaoiaeeia neaaeothuay noaaeey ?acaeoey
?acoiiiai ia/aea, iaiaoiaeeia iiinoa?a – noa?a ?acoia. Iiinoa?a
ioaaouaaao anth iaiei/eo e iiyaeyaony ec aeinoa?u. Aa iacia/aiea a
aa?iiiecaoeee ioiioaiee /aeiaaea n i?e?iaeie. *aeiaae noaiiaeony aeaaiui
?aaoeyoi?ii i?e?iaeu. Yoa noa?a aeieaeia oaaee/eaaoueny. *aeiaae
en/a?iuaaao ?ano?nu – iaaei eniieueciaaoue ?ano?nu einiina.
Oeeieeianeee. Iiciaiea caeiiia i?e?iaeu. Iaiaoiaeeii aaoio?ioiia ieoaiea
(eae ?anoaiey iaiin?aaenoaaiii caae?atho yia?aeth Nieioea). Auoiae
/aeiaaea a einiin eae neaaenoaea ia?aie/aiiinoe ?ano?nia e iinoiyiiiai
?inoa /eneaiiinoe ianaeaiey. Inaiaiea ae?oaeo ie?ia a Nieia/iie nenoaia
e o.ae. Oaioace?oao ia aaoio?ioiii ieoaiee a einiina. I oai?ee
ioiineoaeueiinoe ia ciaao. Einiin aaca?aie/ai, caacae iiiai, ieaiao
iiiai – aeieaeia auoue aeeciue. AEeciue anoue anaaaea a neeo ianooaaia
anaeaiiie.
Oiia. Aiciiaeiay oieeaeueiinoue aeecie ai anaeaiiie (aeaeaa ?aaiou
Oeeieeianeiai). *aeiaae ioaaonoaaiai ca ninoiyiea anaeaiiie (eae aaiaoe
?acaeoey). Oaeaaoue naay a aieiao aaci?aanoaaiii n oi/ee c?aiey ?acaeoey
i?e?iaeu. Aa/iinoue e oieeaeueiinoue aeecie. I /aeiaa/aneie nia?oe.
Eoi?aae/. *aeiaa/aneay nia?oue ia yaeyaony caeiiii yaiethoeee aeey
/aeiaaea. Nia?oue ioaeia aeey niaa?oainoaiaaiey ?iaeiauo i?eciaeia
aeaea. Aeaeaa ?acaeoea /a?ac eoeueoo?o – aiaoiei yecioa?e/aneei ia?acii.
Nia?oue oa?yao naith aeieiae/aneoth iaiaoiaeeiinoue – iaiaoiaeeii
ono?aieoue nia?oue. Ae?onu e iaeiieeaoi/iua aeeaoo i?aeoe/anee aa/ii.
Naeaiey aeeaao ouny/aeaoey e oie?aao ec-ca aeeyiey ecaia. Nia?oue eae
?acoeueoao naiy a aaiaoe/aneii iaoaiecia. N 21 aiaea ia/eiaaony
noa?aiea. Iaiaoiaeeii ?anniio?aoue naie ia iieaeoey?iii o?iaia (eee yoi
aieaciue, eee naie). I?iaeaia ia?aiuo eeaoie. Iica eniieuecoaony ia ia
noi i?ioeaioia (aeieiaey – aiciiaeii, /oi yoi ia oae). Aua iaecaanoii,
io/aai i?ienoiaeeo naie. Iiaeii i?iaeeeoue aeeciue. Aeioaoiieiaee.
AEeciue e nia?oue – einie/aneea i?iaeaiu. Nii?eeanathony n
i?aanoaaiii-yoe/aneeie i?iaeaiaie. Iiaiiy ca ianeaaeaeaieyie.
?aeeaeiciia iai?aaeaiea einiecia. Oaaei?ia, Nieiaueaa, Aa?aeyaa,
Oei?aineee, Aoeaaeia. N eo oi/ee c?aiey auoiae a einiin iaoneiaeai
i?aanoaaiiuie i?e/eiaie. Oaaei?ia: “Iauaa aeaei”. Caaea/a ia oieueei
aua?ineoue nia?oue, ii e aine?aneoue anao aeeaoeo ia caiea. A ?aeeaee iu
no?aieiny a?aoue i?eia? n O?enoa-no?aaeaeueoea, a iaaei ia no?aaeaoue a
aine?aoaoue. Aine?aoaiea ii oeaii/ea io iooea e nuio. Anee aiai?eoue,
/oi aoaeai aeeoue oieueei iu, oi yoi aaci?aanoaaiii ii ioiioaieth ei
anai aeiaaaeoei ian aei yoie noaaeee. Nieiaueaa. 1. Eaeay anaaaeeinoaa
/aeiaa/anoaa, 2. eaeay nioeeiinoe, 3. eaeay iaiaeanoaeaiey ie?a.
Aiai/aeiaa/anoai. Oai?/anoai (e oai?aiea) ia caeai/eaaaony nicaeaieai
ie?a. *aeiaae aianoa n aiaii o/anoaoao a niaa?oainoaiaaiee ie?a.
Nianoenue iiaoo ana, oi /oi i?aaeneacaii a Aiieaeeinena yoi i?iaiic,
i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiea. Iaaei /oi-oi iaiyoue nae/an, /oiau ia i?eeoe e yoiio.
O /aeiaa/anoaa anoue oain i?eeoe e Noaeo ai anai?oaeee – anoaoue aianoa
n Aiaii a aa?iiiecaoeee ie?a. Aia aianoa n /aeiaaeii – aiai/aeiaae.
Iaiaeanoaeaiea ie?a. *aeiaaeo iiiiaaao Nioey. Aaeeinoai ?acee/iuo
iaeanoae iiceoeaiie iaoee (?aeeaey, eneonnoai, oeeinioey). Anaaaeeiay
aeooiaiay aeayoaeueiinoue. Anaaaeeiia eoeueoo?iia aeooiaiia ?acaeoea.
Aiai/aeiaae yoi ia naa?o/aeiaae Ieoeoa, caeanue ana ii-ae?oaiio.
50.Ia?enenoneay oeeinioey a ?innee.
Ieaoaiia (1856-1918) a naieo o?oaeao ?acaeaae aiinaieiae/aneea e
nioeeieiae/aneea aniaeou iaoa?eaeueiiai iiieiaiey enoi?ee a iiciaiee
iauanoaaiiie aeecie. Aeeaeaeoe/aneee iaoiae a aeaea Yiaaeuenianeie (aai
eioa?i?eoaoeee Ia?ena auee aeeaea) noaiaoecaoeee – “Aeeaeaeoe/.
iaoa?eaeeci” – aai neiaa a ?aa. “E aii?ino i ?acaeoee iiienoe/aneiai
acaeyaea ia enoi?eth”, noaaoae i?ia?aiiie ?on. ia?enecia. Ooaa?aeaeaiea
i “iaaeinoaoi/iii oee. iainiiaaiee ia?enecia” ?acaeaeyeinue I.No?oaa,
N.Aoeaaeiaui – e Ooaai-Aa?aiianeee “Eaaaeueiua ia?enenou”, caeanue ?a/ue
i i?yiuo iiiuoeao niaaeeiaiey ia?enecia n oee.e?eoeoeeciii e ia
io?eoeaiee aeeaeaeoeee eae a iiieiaiee oi?iu aeaeaeaiey, oae e a
ea/anoaa iaoiaea iiciaiey. Eoia/a?neee – “Iaoa?ey ia nouanoaoao,
nouanoaotho eeoue yaeaiey”, “ie? nooue yaeaiey, i?ienoiaeyuea a iaoai
niciaiee”. O.I. a iniiaiii auea e?eoeea. Eaiei (1870-1924) n/eoae, /oi
ia?eneci ninoieo ec 3 /anoae: O, iieeoye-iee, nioeiieeo oai?ee. Iniaoth
aeooaeueiinoue oeeinioneea aii?inu i?eia?aoatho a aiaeu canoiy. A ?aaioa
naycuaaao eo n ?acaeoeai anoanoaiciaiey. Ii aeaaea a yoeo ioaeaeueiuo
aii?inao ii o?aaoao aeaeaoue noieeiiaaiea eeannia, ia?oeeiuo eeanniauo
eioa?ania. Ii ioeaieaaao ethaoth eaeaaeenoe/aneoth e ?aeeaeicioth iuneue
eae iieeoe/aneoth ?aaeoeeth. N yoiai ia/eiaeanue eaeaieiaecaoeey e
iieeoecaoeey O. Iinea nia?oe (E) i?iecioea eaiiiecaoeey ia?enecia e
aeiaiaoecaoeey aai i?eioeeiia. ?acaeoea O noaei oaeaeii ioaeaeueiuo
ee/iinoae e nuacaeia ia?oee. Noaeei acye ia naay i?aai aaeeinoaaiiiai e
iaiiaoi?eiiai oieeiaaoaey ia?enecia. Ai?ueaa i?ioea eaeaaeecia auea
aicaaaeaia a ?aia ain. iieeoeee.
51. Aiinaieiaey (yienoaiieiaey) eae oeeinioneia o/aiea i iiciaiee.
Noauaeo e iauaeo iiciaiey. Iiciaiea eae io?aaeaiea aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe.
Aiinaieiaey – oee o/aiea i /ae-i iiciaiee. *aeiaae e iauanoai a naiai
auoee eciaiytho ie?oaeathuee ie?, i iauanoai iiaeao nouanoaiaaoue
eciaiyy ie?. Yoi i?aeoe/aneia ioiioaiea e ie?o e yaeyaony i?aeoe/aneie
iniiaie iau-aa. Iniaaiiinoe /ae-iai auoey – yoi oi, /oi aeey naiaai
auoey, /ae-e auioaeaeai oeaea iai?aaeaii eciaiyoue ie? ie?. *oiau
eciaiaiea auei ?aoeeiiaeueiui /aeiaa/anoai au?aaioaei iiciaiea. Caaea/a
A – auyniaiea i?e?iaeu /aeiaa/aneiai iiciaiey, aai ini caeiiii-e,
ii?aaeaeaiea oeaeae e aici-ae /aeia-iai iiciaiey. Iia ?anniao?eaaao
iniiaiua iaoaieciu iiciaaaoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe, aiaeece?oao no?oeoo?o
/ae-iai ciaiey, iniiaiua naienoaa ciaiey (*oi anoue enoeia aaaeiaeoee
aii?in A), ?ieue aeieia e nioe-o oaeoi?ia iiciaiey, ennea-o caeii-oe
?acaeoey /ae-ai cia-y e o.ae. A iuoaaony aeaoue ia?ac /ae-ai iic-y,
iie?-ny ia iiiaiaaeiaie iiuo, naycaia n ineoieiaeae, eeiaaenoeeie,
eeaa?iaoeeie e o.ae.
Noauaeo e iauaeo iic-y. A ?aoeeiiaeenoe/aneie oee-ee i?iaeaiu oai?ee
iiciaiey ?anniao?eaaeenue iiae oaeii c?aiey acaeiiaeaenoaey noauaeoa e
iauaeoa. Iaeiaei aeaaea a ?aieao ?aoeei-ie o?aaeeoeee o?aeoiaea N e I
nouanoaaiii iaiyeanue. A aeieaioianie oee-ee iiae N iic-y iiieiaee
aaeeie/ii-ioi?ieaiiia auoea, /aeiaa/aneiai eiaeeaeaea. Iiae I aea, oi ia
/oi iai?aeaia iic-ay aeayoaeueiinoue e /oi nouanoaoao a aai niciaiee a
aeaea eaeaaeueiuo iuneeoaeueiuo eiino?oeoeee. Eaio ia?aaa?ioe ioiioaiey
I e N. Eaioianeee N – yoi aeooiaiia ia?aciaaiea, oi, /oi eaaeeo a iniiaa
i?aaeiaoiiai ie?a. I aea – i?iaeoeo aeayoaeueiinoe yoiai N. N ia?ae/ai
ii ioiioaieth e iauaeoo. A iai eean oee-ee N i?aaenoaao eae
iaaeuiaeeaeaeoaeueiay ?acaeaathuayny nenoaia,nouiinoue eioi?ie ninoieo a
aeoeaiie aeayoaeueiinoe. O Eaioa, Oeooa, Aaaaey yoa aeayo-oue
?anniao?eaaeanue i?aaeaea anaai eae aeooiaiay aeoeaiinoue, eioi?ay
ii?aaeaeaea iauaeou. O E I e O Y yoa aeayo-oue iineea iaoa?eaeueii
/oanoaaiiue oa?aeoa?, auea i?aeoe/aneie. N – iineoaeue iaoa?eaeueiiai
oeaea iai?aaeaiiiai aeaenoaey, naycuaathuaai aai n I. I – i?aaeiao, ia
eioi?ue iai?aaeaii aeaenoaea.
Eaeiau aea iniiaiua ea/anoaa N ioee/athuea aai io I. Enoiaeiay oa?-ea N
– aeoeaiinoue, iiieiaaiay eae naiii?iecaieueiia, aioo?aiiaa
aeaoa?ieie?iaaiiia ii?iaeaeaiea iaoa?eaeueiie e aeooiaiie yia?aee. I aea
yoi i?aaeiao i?eeiaeaiey aeoeaiinoe. Aeoeaiinoue /aeiaaea iineo
iniciaiiue oa?aeoa? e, neaaeiaaoaeueii, iia iiin?aaeoaony
oeaeaiieaaaieai e naiiniciaieai. Naiaiaeiay aeayoaeueiinoue anoue aunoaa
i?iyaeaiea aeoeaiinoe. O i N – yoi aeoeaiia, naiiaeayoaeueiia nouanoai,
inouanoaeythuaa oeaeaiieaaaiea e i?aia?aciaaiea aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe. I –
yoi noa?a i?eeiaeaiey aeoeaiinoe N.
?acee/ey i/o I e N ioiineoaeueiu. N e I – yoi ooieoeeiiaeueiua
eaoaai?ee, eioi?ua icia/atho ?iee ?acee/iuo yaeaiee a oao eee eiuo
neooaoeeyo aeayoaeueiino. Eiaeeaeae, anee aeoeaii aicaeaenoaoao oi N, a
anee ia iaai aicaeaenoaotho ae?, oi ii i?aa?auaaony a I. N o c?
ia?enecia, /ae-e noaiiaeoueny N iic-ey eeoue a oie ia?a, a eaeie ii
aeeth/ai a nioe-oth aeayoaeueiinoue ii i?aia?aciaaieth aiaoiaai ie?a. A
yoi cia/eo /oi iic-ea ieeiaaea ia inouanoaeyaony ioaeaeueiui
eciee?iaaiiui eiaeeaeaeii, a eeoue oaeei N, eioi?ue aeeth/ai a
eieeaeoeaioth i?aeoe/aneoth aeayo-oue. I – /anoue iauaeoeaiie
?aaeueiinoe, n eioi?ie N anooiee a i?aeoe/aneia e iiciiaaoaeueiia
acaeiiaeaenoaea. O i ia?eneci n/eoaao, /oi iiaeeaiiui aiinaieiae/anee
noauaeoii yaeyaony /aeiaa/anoai, iauanoai.
Iiciaiea eae io?aaeaiea aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe. Io?aaeaiea – yoi
acaeiiaeaenoaea aeaoo nenoai a ?acoeueoaoa eioi?iai iniaaiiinoe iaeiie
nenoaiu aini?iecaiaeyony a iniaaiiinoyo ae?oaie nenoaiu. A
aeeaeaeoeei-iaoa?eaeenoe/aneie oee-ee naienoai io?aaeaiey
?ani?ino?aiyaony ia aanue iaoa?eaeueiue ie?. Ii ia eaaeaeii o?iaia
?acaeoey iaoa?ee iia iaeaaeaao naieie niaoeeoe/aneeie oa?aeoa?enoeeaie.
?anniio?ei iniaaiiinoe io?aaeaiey a iiciaaaoaeueiii i?ioeanna, eioi?ue
i?ienoiaeeo ia o?iaia /aeiaa/aneiai niciaiey. Iauaeoeaiue ie?
aicaeaenoaoao ia niciaiea /aeiaaea niaoeeoe/aneei niiniaii. ?acoeueoaoii
yoiai aicaeaenoaey yaeythony ia?acu niciaiey. Yoe ia?acu yaeythony
nieieaie, eiieyie ?aaeueiuo aauae. Iie iauaeoeaiu ii naiaio
niaea?aeaieth, niaea?aeaoaeueii aini?iecaiaeyo iniaaiiinoe io?aaeaaiiai
iauaeoa. Ii aini?iecaaaeaiea iniaaiiinoae io?aaeaaiiai iauaeoa a ia?acao
niciaiey i?ienoiaeeo a niioaaonoaee n iniaaiiinoyie , io?aaeathuae
nenoaiu, o a niciaiey. A yoi cia/eo, /oi ia?acu niciaiey, aoaeo/e
iauaeoeaiu ii niaea?aeaieth, noauaeoeaiu ii oi?ia, o a ianoo a naaa
ii?aaeaeaiiua oa?aeoa?enoeee noauaeoa.
52. *oanoaaiiia iiciaiea e aai yeaiaiou (oi?iu). Ioeaiea nainoaeecia.
Eae inou i?ioeann iiciaiey? Ec eaeeo yoaiia ii ninoieo? Eaeiaa eo
no?oeoo?a?
Aieueoeinoai oee nenoai iiaiai a?aiaie auaeaeyee 2 iniiaiuo yoaia:
*oanoaaiiia e ?aoeeiiaeueiia. Eo ?ieue e cia/aiea a iioe iiciaiey
ii?aaeaeyeenue?aciuie oee ii ?aciiio. ?aoeeiiaeenou (Aeaea?o, Nieiica,
Eaeaieoe, eaio, aaaaeue) i?eienuaaee ?aoathuaa cia/aiea ?aoe iiciaieth,
ia io?eoeay e cia/ /oanoa iiciaiey a ea/ iaoaiecia nayce ?acoia n ai
ie?ii. Noi?iiieee yiie?ecia n/eoaee /oanoa iiciaiea aeaaiui e aeaaea
aaeeinoaaiui enoi/ieeii ciaiee(Aiaan, Eiee).
* iiciaiea yae ia/aeueiui yoaiii iiciaiey. Ai-ia?auo a enoi? ieaia:
?acaeaeaiea oec e oinoaaiiiai o?oaea e auaeae iineaaeiaai a ioaeaeueiue
aeae aeayoaeueiinoe – n?aai iicaeiee yoai enoi?ee. Ai-aoi?uo, oaeay
aeayo. yaeyaony ia/aeueiie a oii niunea, /oi ia aa iniiaa inou eiioaeo
/ae n ie?ii iao iauaeoia. Iia i?aaeiinueea aac eio ae? oi?iu iiciaa
aeayoaeueiinoe ia iiaoo nou.
Aeey iiciaiey iauaeoia aeaiiiai oeia iaiaoiae ooieoeeiie?iaaiea i?aaiia
/oanoa, ia?aiie nenoaiu, iicaa, aeaaiaea?y /aio aicieeaao iuou,
aini?eyoea iao iauaeoia. oaeay oi?ia aeayoaeueiinoe iacua /oanoa
aeayoaeueiinoueth eee /oanoa iiciaieai. Iaiaoiaeeii iiae/a?eiooue
caaeneiinoue /oanoa iiciaiey io iaiin?aaenoaaiiie /oanoua- i?aeo
aeayoaeueiinoe e, ai-aoi?uo, oeaeinoiinoue /oanoaaiiiai inaiaiey iao
iauaeoa. Iaeiaei iiaeii auaeaeeoue e ioaeaeueua, ooieoeeiie? a ?aieao
yoie oeaeinoiinoe yeaiaiou / iici.
Iuouaiey iiaeao ?anni eae i?inoaeoee e enoiaeiue yeaiaio /oanoa
iiciaiey. Onoaiiaeaii , /oi n oi/ee c?aiey “eioi?i niiniaiinoe” ia
ia?aii ianoa noiyo c?aiea e inycaiea, a caoai neoo, aeon, iaiiyiea.
Iuouaiea yae noauaeoeaiui, eaeaaeueiui ia?acii i?aaeiaoa, oae eae
io?aaeaao, i?aeiieyao aicaeaenoaea i?aaei /a?ac i?ecio /ae niciaiey.
Iai?eia? aieue io iaeiaa ( a iaia iao aiee). Iuou ia i?inoi oeene?oao
aicaeaenoaea iauaeoia, nou iacaaeneii io /ae, ia /ae i?aaieci.
A iuou. ia/eiaao io?aaeaoueny naycue iuouathuaai noauaeoa n ie?oae ie?ii
n eio i?aeoe/anee acaeiiaeaenoaoao noauaeo. Iuou o.i. noieo o enoieia
io?aaeaiey e oeene?iaaiey iauaeoeaiie neno ioiioaiee, a eio ?aaeueii
anooiaao e ?aaeueii aeeth/ai /ae. Iuou caaenyo e io ninoiyiey i?aaiia
/oanoa e anaai i?aaiecia. Ii, ianiio?y ia yoo aeaieioth caaeneiiioue
iuou e io iauaeoa e io noauaeoa, a i?ioeanna i?aeoe/ ooieoeeiie?iaaiey
niciaiey o /ae au?aaioaeanue niiniaiinoue ioeaieaaoue e iianaaeiaaii
eniieueciaaoue iauaeo eioi?iaoeeth, iinoaaeyaioth iuou.
Aaniethoece?iaaiea noauaeoeaiinoe a iuouaieyo aaaeao e noauaeo
eaeaaeecio.
Oioy iu i?e iiiiue ?ace i?aaiia /oanoa iuou i?ino?ainoa oi?io, oeaao,
aeon, caiao, a oi aea a?aiy aeaenoaoao /oanoa niiniaiinoue
neioace?iaaiey iuouaiee, i?aa?auaiey eo a aini?eyoea, iaeaaeathuaa
iniaui naienoaii: aeaaiaea?y aini?eyoeth i?aaeiao aeaaony niciaieth
eiaiii a naiae oeaeinoii-i?aaeiaoiie oi?ia, o.a. a aeaea iauaeoeaiie,
iacaaeneiie io niciaiey oeaeinoiinoe. Eiaiii aeaaiaea?y aeeth/aieth a
aini?eyoea ioaeaeueiia iuou i?eia?aoaao ea/anoai noauaeoeaiiai ia?aca
iauaeo ie?a.
Aini?eyoea- oeaeinoiue ia?ac iao i?aaeiaoa, aeaiiiai iin?aaenoaii
iaaethaeaiey. Aini? ia anoue iaoai noiia iuouaiee. Aini?eyoea nou eae
oi?ia oaeiai aeoeaiiai neioaca ?aciiia? i?iyaeaiee i?aaeiaoa, eio
ia?ac?uaii naycaia n ae?oaeie aeoaie iiciaa e i?aeoe/aneie
aeayoaeueiinoe (iiuoii), i?aaeoanoa aeaiiiio eiie? iaaethaeaieth.
Iai?eia?, oioue iu iiaeai iaiin?aaenoaaiii iuou oieueei /anoue aeiia, ii
iaoa aini?eyoea neioace?oao a oeaeinoiue ia?ac aeiia e oa /anoe, eio a
aeaiiue iiiaio iu ia iuouaai. Aeaaiaea?y iiiaie? ?aaioa iaoaieciia
aini?eyoey iu a iaoai niciaiee, a iaoae iaiyoe iiaeai oaea?aeeaaoue
oeaeinoiue ia?ac i?aaeiaoa e oiaaea, eiaaea i?aaeiao iaiin?aaenoaaiii ia
aeai iai. A yoii neo/aa ooieoeeiie?oao aua aieaa neiaeiay oi?ia /oanoa
iiciaiey – i?aaenoaaeaiea.
Yiioeee – eiiieaeniay oi?ia /aeia /oanoaaiiinoe. Yiioeee, iiaeiaii anai
ae? oi?iai /onoaaiiinoe, n iaeiie noi? caeeth/atho a naaa aniaeou iauaeo
io?aaeaiey ?aaeueiuo naycae, a eio aeeth/ai /aeiaae, n ae? noi?iiu, iie
oeene?otho iauaeo ioiioaiea /ae e ie?o. Yiioeee anaaaea aee a naay
iiiaio ioeaiee yaeaiey.
*oaona iiciaiea n naiiai ia/aea eiaao niaoeeoe/anee /aeiaa/aneee, o.a.
nioe-enoi? oa?aeoa?. Eiia/ii , a /oanoa iiciaiee /ae eiaao ianoi
iaiin?aaenoa acaeiiaeaenoaea ai i?aaeiaoa e i?aaiia /oanoa. Iaeiaei iu
ia iiaeai iaia?oaeeoue a ?aaeueiie iiciaa aeayoaeueiinoe noauaeoa /oanoa
iiciaiey a niaa?oaiii iainiae, oae neacaoue /enoii aeaea. – aia iauaiey
n ae? ethaeueie, aia aeeyiey oiai ie?a eoeueoo?u, a eio aeeth/ai
/aeiaae. I?ioe /oanoa aini?eyoey i/aiue neiaeiu. Iu niio?ei ia i?aaeiao
e iaoa aeaeaiea naycaii n iaoei ioiioaieai e yoiio i?aaeiaoo, iu aini?ei
aai eae e?aneaue eee aacia?aciue, iieaciue eee a?aaeiue… Eiaaea iu
aeaeei /aeiaaea, aini?eieiaai aai aeaenoaey e iinooiee eee iaaethaeaai
iau niauoey, iaoaieci aini?eyoey aua aieueoa oneiaeiyaony “E?anioa”.
“ni?aaaaeeaeeainoue”, I?ia?anneaiinoue” e iiiaea ae? iiiyoey, naycaiiua
n ieie ioiioaiey e onoaiiaee aeeth/athony a i?ioeann iaaethaeaiey,
aini?eyoey oaeeo iauaeoia.
Ooieoeeiie?iaaiea i?aaiia /oanoa – iaiaoiaeeiay i?aaeiinueea iiciaiey,
aac iaa iaaiciiaeii. Iiea ana ooieoeeiie?oao ii?iaeueii, iu iiaeai ia
caia/aoue eo ?iee. Ii eo ?ieue noai i/aaeaeiie i?e eo iia?aaeaeaiee.
I?eia?u, eiaaea ethaee io i?e? eeoaiiua aiciiaeiinoe neuoaoue eee
aeaeaoue, niiniaiu auoue aiieia iieiioeaiiuie ethaeueie, ?acaea a naaa
niiniaiinoe iiciaiey e ?aoe iuoeaiey aiai?yo i aioo?aiiae iiue /ae
?acoia. A aio eiaeeaeaeu, au?inoea ni caa?yie – i?aeoe/anee oa?ytho
niiniaiinoue e iiciaieth. Yoi icia/aao, /oi /aeia /oanoaaiii -i?aeo
aeayoaeueiinoue e ia?ac?uaii niaaeeiaiiia n iath /oanoaaiiia iiciaiea ii
naiie nouiinoe yaeythony nioeeaeueii-enoi?e/aneeie yaeaieyie.
A /aeia /oano aini?eyoee anoue aua 1 aaaeiue yeaiaio, eio i?enou oieueei
/aeiaaeo. *ae niiniaai iaaeyaeii i?aaenoaaeoue ia oieueei oi, /oi aeaeae
nianoa aeacaie, aaeaa ee ia aieueoay /anoue aai iiuoa aeeth/aao ia?acu,
eio ii/a?iioou ec iienaiee. O.a. eiaeea iiuo /ae i.a. aei ii?aaeaeaiiie
noaiaie caiaiai ?acoeueoaoaie iiuoa ?yaea aai i?aaeoanoaaiieeia. A iao
aae a nayce n ?acaeoeai n?aaenoa i eioi?i. yoa niiniaiinoue /ae,
iieueciaaoueny /oanoa iiuoii ae? ethaeae noaea ii/oe iaia?aie/aiiie.
Caeanue oaeaea noaiiaeony i/aaeaeiui oieaa?naeueiia cia/aiea ycuea n aai
aiciiaeiinoueth i?aaeaaaoue eiie?aoiua ia?acu i?e iiiiue neia.
Cia/aiea ycuea a iiciaiee ia?iiii. sscue i?aaenoaaeyao niaie ?acoeueoao
aeeoioeyoeee, iaiauaiey i?aaeoanoaothuaai /ae iiuoa. “ Anyeia neiai –
oaea iaiauaao”. Aeaiiue oaeo nou ia?acii aeeyao ia niaoeeoe/anee-/aeia
ooieoeeiie?iaaiea i?aaiia /oanoa. A oi aea a?aiy ii aeiiiino?e?oao
ianinoiyoaeueiinoue i?aaenoaae iaoaoece/aneiai iao-ia i /oanoa iiuoa eae
niaa?oaiii naiinoiyoaeueiii e iainiaeaiiii yoaia, o?iaa iiciaa
aeayoaeueiinoe /aeiaaea.
Eiee: n naiiai ia/aea iu eiaai ia iaeiie noi?iia aaue, a ia ae? –
/aeiaaea, niaa?oaiii eeoaiiiai ciaiey. Aaue i?e? aicaeaenoaotho ia aai
i?aaiu /oanoa e aucua a i?aaiecia ioaaoioth ?aaeoeeth – nia/aea a aeaea
naiinoiyoaeueii nou iuouaiee. Iineaaeothuaa eiiaeie?iaaiea ?aciiia? iuou
aeaao /ae aini?eyoea i?aaeiaoa a oeaeii. (eiiaeiaoeey aaeiai oeaaoa,
neaaeeinoe e iniaie oi?iu /anoe/ae i?eaiaeeo e aicieeiiaaieth
oeaeinoiiai aini?eyoey naoa?a) Iiiaie?aoii aini?eieiay i?aaei, /aeia
cae?aieyao aini?eyoea a iaiyoe, ii iiaeao i?eiiieiaoue aini?eyoea e
ia?ac a ionoonoaee i?aaeiaoa – oae aicieeaao i?aaenoaaeaiea. O.a iuou,
aini?eyoey, i?aaenoaaeaiey i?aaenoatho a aeaea niaa?oaiii iacaaeneiuo,
iineaaeiaaoaeueii i?eiueaaueo ae?oa e ae?oao ?aaeueiuo yoaiia iiciaa
aeayoaeueiinoe. Iuoeaiea eeoue iaaeno?aeaaaony iaae ?ac e oi?iaie /oanoa
iiciaiey.
53. ?aoeeiiaeueiia iiciaiea e aai iniiaiua oi?iu.
*oanoaaiiia aini?eyoea /ae eiie?aoiuo niauoee, oaeoia caaeneo io
niaea?aeaiey iiiyoee, a oaeaea io oiai a eaeie ia?a niae iiiyoee inaiaii
aeaiiui /ae. Neaaeiaaoaeueii ?a/ue eaeao i caa-oe /oanoa iiuoa e
aini?eyoey io ycuea, io iiiyoeeiiai aiia?, eniieuecoaiiai /ae a aai
i?aeo aeayoaueiinoe. Iaeiaei yoa caa ia yae iaeiinoi?iiiae.
Iiiyoea yae ?ac-oii enoi? iiuoa /aeiaa/anoaa. Onaiaiea eiie? ethaeueie
oaea nou iiiyoee, ?ieue yoeo iiiyoee a eo nici e aeayoaeueiinoe – ana
yoi caa. io iaiin? eiioaeoa ethaeae n iauaeo ?aaeueiinoueth. A oiaea
oaeeo eiio iiiyoey iiiaie? i?iaa?ythony, iaiaauathony, aeiiieiythony iia
niuneii.
O.i. /oanoa e ?aoe iuoeaiea iaoiaeyony a ia?ac?uaiii aaeeinoaa e
acaeiiaeaenoaee. A eo neiaeiii acaeiiae iaia?oaeeaaaony 2 oeia
aeayoaeueiinoe: 1.i?aeo aeayoaeueiinoue a oe?ieii niunea. 2. aeayo ,
niaoeeaeueii iai?aae ia nicaeaiea ciaiee, ia i?iaeooee?iaaiea iiiyoee,
o.a. oai?aoe/aneay aeayo eae iniaue aeae oinoaaiiiai o?oaea.
Iiiyoey- yoi oaeea aiieiuaiiua a neiaao i?iaeoeou nioeeaeueii-enoi?
i?ioe iiciaiey, eio auaeaeytho e oeene?otho iauea nouanoaaiiuanaienoaa,
ioiioaiey i?aaeiaoia e yaeaiee. Anee au a oiaea enoi?ee ia au?aaioaeenue
oaeea iiiyoey, oi eaaeaeue /ae a eaaeaeii iieieaiee auioaeaeai aue au
aiiaue e aiiaue iienuaaoue eaaeaeoth eiie? aauue, oaeo, yaeaiea.
Ia?aoei aieiaiea ia aeaenoaey, eio eiatho ianoi a i?ioe. ia?aciaoaiey
/oanoa iiiyoee. Acaeiinaycaiiua aeaenoaey ioaea/aiey, n?aaiaiey e
niiinoaae, auaeaeaiea oiai iauaai na-aa, eio i?enoua iaiaic? iiiaeanoao
i?aaeiaoia e oeaeui eeannai i?aaei, a oee eiaioaony aano?aae?iaaieai, a
?-ou aano?aae?iaaiey – aano?aeoeeyie. Aano?aae?iaaiea anoue i?aa?auaiea
ioiioaiee a iauaeo iiciaiey. Ooo nou 2 aaaeiuo iiiaioa: I?e aano? /ae
enoiaeeo ec iauaeo, aeaenoaeo naienoa iauaeoia e yaeaiee e ec eo
?aaeueiuo ioiio ae?oa e ae?oao, oeene?oaony eo aeaenoaeoaeueiia,
iacaaeneii io nici nouanoaothuaa aaeeinoai.. Ii i?e yoii aeayoaeueiinoue
ioaea/aiey e iauaaeei naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i aeoeaiinoe /ae iiciaiey, i
aicieeiia iniaiai oeia aeayoaeueiinoe, iniaiai oeia iiciaiey, iai?aae ia
oeene?iaaiea ioiioaiee.
Iauyniaiea e iiieiaiea.
Oai? iiciaiey ?acee/aao no?oeoo?iua iauyniaiey, ioaa/ ia aii?in, eae
ono?iai iauaeo; ooieoeeiiaeueiua iauyni – eae aeaenoaoao e
ooieoeeiie?oao iauaeo; i?e/eiiua – ii/aio aicieeei aeaiiia yaeaiea,
ii/aio eiaiii aeaiiue iaai? oaeoia i?eaae e oaeiio-oi neaaenoaeth. I?e
yoii a i?ioe iauyni iu eniieuecoai oaea eiathueany ciaiey aeey iauyni
ae?oaeo. Ia?aoiae io aieaa iaueo ciaiee e aieaa eiie?aoiui e
yiie?e/aneei e ninoaaeyao i?ioeaaeo?o iauyniaiey. Ciaiey, eio neoaeao
iniiaaieai aeey iauyni iacuaathony iauyniythueie. Ciaiey, eio eie
iainiiauaathony – iauyniyaiuie. A ea/anoaa iauyniythuaai iiaoo
aunooiaoue eae cae oae e ioaeaeueiua oaeou.
Iiieiaiea – yoi ia aaeeie/iue aeo, a aeeyoaeueiue e neiaei i?ioeann. Iu
iinoiyiii ia?aoiaeei io iaeiiai o?iay iiieiaiey e ae?oaiio. I?e yoii
inou oaeea i?ioeaaeo?u eae Eioa?i?aoaoeey- i?aaiia/aeueiia i?eienuaaiea
eioi?iaoeee niunea e cia/aiey; ?aeioa?i?aoaoeey – ooi/iaiea e eciaiaiea
niunea e cia/aiey; eiaa?aaioeey – iauaaeeiaiea, neeyiea i?aaeaea
?ac?iciaiuo niuneia e cia/aiee; Aeeaa?aaioeey – ?acuaaeeiaea aaeeiiai
niunea ia ioaeaeueiua iiaeniuneu; eiiaa?ney – ea/anoaaiiia
aeaeieciaiaiea niunea e cia/aiey, eo ?aaeeeaeueiia i?aia?aciaaiea.
Iiieiaiea, neaaeiaaoaeueii i?aaenoaaeyao niaie ?aaeec iiiaeo i?ioeaaeo?,
iaania/eaathueo i?aia?aciaaiea eioi?i i?e ia?aoiaea io iaciaiey e
ciaieth.
I?ioeann iiiei ninoieo ia ieueei a onaiaiee oaea au?aaioaiiuo ae?oaeie
ethaeueie eee yiioaie ciaiee, ii i a eiino?oe?iaaiee ia iniiaa ?yaae
neiaeiuo i?aia?aciaaiee i?eioeeieaeueii iiauo ciaiee, ia nouanoaiaaaoeo
?aiaa.
E??aoeeiiaeeci – oee o/aiea, ianoaeaathuaa ia ia?aie/aiiuo aiciiaeiinoyo
?acoia, iuoeaiey e i?eciathuaa ini ?iaeii iiciaiey eiooeoeeth, /oanoai,
einoeieo…N/eoaao aeaenoaeoaeueiinoue oaioe/iie, eeoaiiie
caeiiiia?iinoae, iiae/ei ea?a neonay, neaiie aiea. (e??. a /anoiinoe yae
yecenoaioeeaeeci)
?aoeeiiaeeci – O/aiea a oai? iiciaiey, niaeanii eio anaiauiinoue e
iaiaoiaeeiinoue – eiae/aneea i?eciaee anaiauaai ciaiey – ia iiaoo auoue
auaaaeaiu ec iiuoa e aai iaiauaiee. Iie iiaoo auoue ii/a?iioou ec naiiai
oia eeai ec iiiyoee, i?enoueo oio io ?iaeaeaiey (Aeaea?o), eeai ec
iiiyoee, nou oieueei a aeaea caaeaoeia, i?aae?aniieiaeaiee oia. Iiuo
noeioee?oao ec i?iyaeaiea. (Nieiica, Eaeaieoe, Eaio, Aaaaeue, Oeooa,
Oaeeeia.)
Iuoeaiea. Yoi aeoeaiue i?ioeann iiciaaaoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe niciaiey.
Iii aeaenoa ia oii o?iaia, aaea iao iaiin?aaenoaaiiiai eiioaeoa n
iauaeoeaiie aeaenoaeoaeueiinoueth. Iuoe iie?aaony ia ?acoeueoaou /oanoa
iiciaiey e aeaao iaiau-a ciaiea. Noi?iiieee aeaaeaeoe/aneiai iaoa?-ia:
Iuo-a – yoi oeaeaiai?aaeaiiia,iiin?aaeiaaiiia e iaiauaiiia io?aaeaiea a
niciaiee /aeiaaea nouanoaaiiuo naienoa e ioiioaiee aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe.
Iuoe inouanoaeyaony a o?ao oi?iao. 1) Iiiyoea – yoi oi?ia iunee, a
eioi?ie io?aaeathony iauea, nouanoaaiiua naienoaa, nayce e ioiioaiey
aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe. Iiiyoea e i?aaenoaaeaiea naeeaeaao oi, /oi eo
niaea?aeaiea iineo iaiauaiiue e iiin?aaeiaaiiue oa?aeoa?. Ii i/o ieie
anoue ?acee/ea. I?aaeno-a aeaao iaaeyaeiue ia?ac aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe.
Niaea?aeaiea iiiyoey eeoaii iaaeyaeiinoe. 2) Noaeaeaiea – yoi oaeay
oi?ia iunee, a eioi?ie iin?aaenoaii nayce ooaa?aeaeaaony (eee
io?eoeaaony) /oi-eeai i /ai-eeai. 3) Oiicaeeth/aiea – yoi oi?ia iunee a
aeaea ?annoaeaeaiey, a oiaea eioi?iai ec iaeiiai eee ianeieueeeo
noaeaeaiee eiaioaiuo iinueeaie auaiaeeony iiaia noaeaeaiea, eioi?ia iac
neaaenoaeai eee caeeth/aieai. Iai? 1. Ana yeai /anoeoeu eiatho ianno 2th
O – aiiaue ioe?uoa yeai /ano, auoaeaao auaiae O – eiaao ianno.
Eiae/aneay aeayoaeueiinoue iuoeaiey inouanoaeyaony a oaeeo oi?iao:
iiiyoea, noaeaeaiea, oiicaeeth/aiea, aiaeec e neioac, eiaeoeoeey e
aeaaeoeoeey, o.ae.
54. sscue e iuoeaiea. Iniiaiua aniaeou e ooieoeee ycuea. Anoanoaaiiua e
eneonnoaaiiua ycuee.
I?eioeeieaeueiia ioee/ea iuoeaiey io /oanoaaiiiai iiciaiey a oii, /oi
iii ia?ac?uaii naycaii n ycueii, nenoaiie ciaeia. Ciae – yoi
iaoa?eaeueiue i?aaeiao eioi?ue neoaeeo a i?ioeanna iuoeaiey e iauaiey
ethaeae i?aaenoaaeaieai ae?oaiai i?aaeiaoa. Aeaeu ciaeia: 1) ciaee
eiaeaenu (aunieay oaiia?aoo?a oaea); 2) naycaiu n i?aaenoaaeyaiuie eie
i?aaeiaoaie iaeioi?ui i?e/eiiui ia?acii; 3) ciaee neiaieu ie eae ia
naycaiu oece/anee n iaicia/aaiuie i?aaeiaoaie e ia eiatho no?oeoo?iiai
noiaenoaa, naycue onoaiaaeeaaaony noeoeeii eee ii niaeaoaieth.
Aniaeou ycuea: Neioaene/aneee aniaeo ninoaaeyao iiiaiia?acea ioiioaiee
ciaeia e ae? ciaeai, a oaeaea i?aaeea ia?aciaaiey iaeieo ciaeia ec
ae?oaeo i?e iieiii ioaea/aiee io oiai /oi iie iaicia/atho. Naiaoe/aneee
aniaeo ninoaaeyao niaieoiiinoue ioiioaiee ciaeia e iauaeoai iaycueiaie
aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe (eaeiai cia/aiea e niune neiaa?). I?aaiaoe/aneee
aniaeo aeeth/aao a naay yiioeeiiaeueii ineoieiae/aneea oaeoi?u a
i?ioeanna oiio?aaeaiey ycuea eae n?aaenoaa iauaiey. Aeaa ciaea eiathuea
iaeeiaeiaoth naiaoeeo iiaoo eiaoue ?acioth i?iaiaoeeo (aeo?ae e ia
oiiue). Ciaee oa?aeoa?ecothony auaeaeaieai niunea e i?aeiaoiiai
cia/aiey. I?aaeiaoiia cia/aiea ciaea – yoi ethaie iauaeo iunee, yoi ia
nai ciae, a oi /oi ii iaicia/aao. Niuneiaia niaea?aeaiea ciaeia yoi
oaeay oa?aeoa?enoeea naycaiiay n iaicia/aaiui iauaeoii ciaeii, eioi?ay
iicaieyao auaeaeeoue iauaeo ec iiiaeanoaa ae?oaeo. A neo/aa iaee/ey o
iaeiiai ciaea ?aciuo cia/aiee – iacuaaaony iiiieiiiey. ?aciua ciaee n
iaeiei cia/aieai – yoi neiiieiey.
Anoanoaaiiua e eneonnoaaiiua ycuee. Eneon ycuee nicaeathony ia i?inoi
aeey caiaiu anoanoaaiiuo. O ieo ?aciua oeaee. Anoanoaaiiua ycuee
neeaaeuaathony a i?ioeanna eiiioieeaoeaiie aeayoaeueiinoe e neoaeao
n?aaenoaii iauaiey, ia?aaea/e eioi?iaoeee, au?aaeaiey yiioeee e
ie?iiuouaiee. Ionthaea eo iiiaia?aiiinoue, iiiaiieaiiainoue,
iiiaicia/iinoue e aeaeinoue. E y i?eaioe?iaaiiu ia no?iai ia?aie/aiiua e
niaoeeaeueiua caaea/e enneaaeiaaiey. Iie caeeth/athony a iino?iaiee
auaiaeeiiai ciaiey ec oaea ecaanoiuo enoiaeiuo i?aaeiinueie. E y iiaeii
?annia-oue eae o?aaiaiou, iiaeaee ii?aaeaeaiiuo aniaeoia anoanoaaiiuo
ycueia. Neiaiee/aneea ycuee iaoaiaoeee e ae? oi/iuo iaoe i?aneaaeotho ia
oieueei oeaeue nie?auaiey caiene. Yoi iiaeii aeaeaoue e i?e iiiiue
noaiia?aoee. Aeaaiia a oii, /oi iaae oi?ioeaie E ss iiaeii i?iaiaeeoue
iia?aoeee, iieo/aoue ec ieo iiaua oi?ioeu e niioiioaiey. sscue oi?ioe E
ss noaiiaeoueny eino?oiaioii iiciaiey. Aaaaeaiea E ss-a iicaieyao iaoea
aeinoeaiooue oao aano?aeoiuo iieiaeaiee, eco/aiea caeiiiia?iinoae
eioi?uo aeaeaao iao/iia ciaiea oieaa?naeueiui.
Iiiuoee iino?ieoue oieaa?naeueiue eneon yc, e-ue, ai-ia?auo,
iaeneiaeueii aaeaeaaoii io?aaeae au a naaa ana naienoaa ?aaeueiinoe, e
ai-aoi?uo, aue au iaeneiaeueii iiaeoiaeyuei o?aaiaioai anoanoaaiiiai
ycuea ia?a/aiu ia neaaeothuaa. Ethaie naiue aiaaoue ii naiei
aiciiaeiinoyi eneon yc ia niiniaai io?aceoue a naaa i?ioeai?a/eaoth
nouiinoue ?aaeueiinoe e auoue ai anao ioiioaieyo aaeaeaaoiui caiaieoaeai
anoanoaaiiiai ycuea. Eiaeeeaoi?aie yoiai neoaeao oae iacuaaaiua
ia?aaeienu. A ia?aua ia ieo ia?aoee aieiaiea ae? a?a/ oeeinio Caiii (V a
ae i y). Aai oai?/anoao i?eiaaeeaaeao ai?ei?ee (a – io?eoeaiea, ii?in –
iooue) Aeaeaa i?eia? i aaaoia Aoeeeana eioi?ue ia iia aaaeaoue iioiio
/oi eaaeaeue ?ac aio i?aaenoiyei i?iaaaaoue iieiaeio iooe, /oi
i?aaeiieiaaei aaneiia/iia aeaeaiea io?acea.
55. Oeeinioneia o/aiea ia enoeia. Iauaeoeaiinoue enoeiu. Enoeia
aaniethoiay e ioiineoaeueiay. I?iaeaia e?eoa?eaa enoeiu.
Iau/ii enoeio ii?aaeaeytho eae niioa ciaiey iauaeoo. Enoeia – yoi
aaeaeaaoiay eioi?i i iauaeoa, iieo/aaiay iin?aaenoaii iai /oanoaaiiiai
eee eioaeaeooaeueiiai iinoeaeaiey eeai niiauaiey i iai e oa?aeoa?ecoaiay
n oi/ee c?aiey aa aeinoiaa?iinoe. O.i. enoeia nou eae noauaeoeaiay
?aaeueiinoue a aa eioi?i e oeaiiinoiii aniaeoao. Oeaiiinoue ciaiey
ii?aaeae ia?ie aai enoeiiinoe. Enoeia anoue naienoaiciaiey, a ia iauaeoa
iiciaiey.
Ciaiea anoue io?aaeaiea e nou a aeaea /oanoaaiiiai eee iiiyoeeiiai
ia?aca. Ia?ac iiaeao auoue ia oieueei io?aae iaee/iiai auoey, ii oaeaea
e i?ioeiai. A aoaeouaa – iiaeao ee iii auoue i?aaei io?aaeaey? Iiaeii ee
ioeaieoue eae enoeiioth eaeath, aunooiathuoth a aeaea caiunea? Aeaeeii
iao. ?acoiaaony caiunae no?ieony ia iniiaaiee ciaiee. E a yoii niunea ii
iie?aaony ia enoeiiia. Iaeiaei caiunae ioeaieaaaony a oa?ieiao
oeaeaniia?aciinoe e ?aaeecoaiinoe, a ia oa?i enoeiiinoe eee eiaeiinoe.
O.i. enoeio ii?aaeaeytho eae aaeaeaaoiia io?aaeaiea iauaeoa iiciathuei
noauaeoii, aini?iecaiaeyuae ?aaeueiinoue oaeie, eaeay iia anoue naia ii
naaa, aia e iacaaeneii io niciaiey. Enoeia anoue aaeaeaaoiia io?aaeaiea
?aaeueiinoe a aeeiaieea aa ?acaey. Yoi i?eaeaao ae inia oeaiiinoue,
naycaiioth n i?iaiinoe/aneei ecia?aieai. Enoeiua ciaiey aeatho ethaeyi
aiciiaeiinoue ?acoiii i?aaieciauaaoue naie i?aeo aeaenoaey a ianoiyuai e
i?aaeaeaeaoue aoaeouaa.
Ii /aeiaa/anoai ?aaeei aeinoeaaao enoeiu eia/a, eae /a?ac e?aeiinoe e
caaeoaeaeaiey. Caaeoaeaeaiea – yoi niaea?aeaiea niciaiey, a
niioaaonoaothuaa ?aaeueiinoe, ii i?eieiaaiia ca enoeiiia. Caaeoaeaeaiey
oiaea io?aaeatho, i?aaaea iaeiinoi?iiia, iauaeoeai aeaenoaeoaeueiinoue,
eiatho ?aaeueiue enoi/ee. A ethaii auiunea niaea?aeaony ieoe
?aaeueiinoe. Caaeoaeaeaiey iaoneiaeaiu e ioiineoaeueiie naiaiaeie auai?a
iooae iiciaiey, neiaeiinoueth ?aoaaiuo i?iaea, no?aieaieai e ?aaeec
caiuneia a neooaoeee iaiieiie eioi?iaoeee.
Eoae caaeoaeaeaiey eiatho e aiinaieia e ineoieiae/aneea, e nioe
iniiaaiey. Ii eo neaaeoao ioee/aoue io eaee eae
i?aanoaaiii-ineoieiae/aneiai oaiiiaia. Eiaeue – yoi eneaaeaiea
aeaenoaeoaeueiiai ninoiyiey aeae, eiathuaa oeaeueth aaanoe eiai-oi a
iaiai. Eiaeueth i.a eae eciuoeaiea i oii /aai ia auei, oae e
niciaoaeueiia nie?uoea oiai, /oi auei. Enoi/ieeii eaee i.a. e eiae/anee
iai?aaeeueiia iuoeaea.
Iao/iia iiciaiea ii naiae nooe iaaiciiaeii aac noieeiia ?acee/iuo
iiaiee, oaaaeaeaiee, oaeaea eae iaaiciiaeii e aac ioeaie. Ioeaee
ia?aaeei niaa?oathony a oiaea iaaethaeaiey, ecia?aiey, ?an/aoia,
noaeaeaiee, ioeaiie. Aei oao ii? iiea /ae no?aieony aia?aae ii
aeoaeaeaao,” – aiai?ee Aaoa.
Ai?acaei neiaeiaa ana a iauanoa ioeao a /anoiinoe a enoi?ee. Ooo e
aeinooiiinoue enoi/ieeia e eo aeinoiaa?iinoue e iieeoeea.
Enoeia enoi?e/ia. Iiiyoea eiia/iie eee iaeciaiiie enoeiu – anaai eeoue
i?ec?ae. Ethaie iauaeo iiciaiey – iaen/a?iaai, ii iaiyaony, iaeaae
iiiaeanoaii naienoa e naycai aaneii /eneii naycae n ie?oae ie?ii.
Eaaeaeay nooiaiue iiciaiey ia?aie/aia o?iaiai ?acaeoey iauanoaa,
iaoee… Iao/iua ciaiey iiyoiio inyo ioiineoaeueiue oa?aeoa?. Ioiineo
ciaiee caee a eo iaiieiioa e aa?iyoiinoiii oa?aeoa?a. Enoeia iiyoiio
ioiineoaeueia, eai iia io?aae iauaeo ia iieiinoueth, ia en/a?iuaathuei
ia?acii. Ioiineoaeueiay enoeia anoue ia?aie/aii-aa?iia ciaiea i
/ai-eeai.
E aaniethoiui enoeiai ioiinyony aeinoiaa?ii onoaiiaeaiiua oaeou, aeaou
niauoee, ?iaeaeaiey , nia?oe eoae. Aan enoeia – yoi oaeia niaea?aeaiea
ciaiey, eio ia ii?iaa?aaaony iineaaeothuei ?acaeoeai iaoee, a
iaiaauaaony e iinoiyiii iiaeoaa?aeaeaaony aeeciueth.
Oa?iei aaniethoiia i?eiai e e e ethaie ioiineo enoeia: iineieueeo iia
iauaeoeaia, oi a ea/ iiiaioa niaea?aeeo ia/oi aaniethoiia. E a yoii
niunea ethaay enoeia aaniethoii-ioiineoaeueia. ?acaeoea etha enoeiu
anoue ia?aueaaiea iiiaioia aaniethoiiai. Iiau i oai?ee yae aieaa iieiuie
e aeoaieeie ii n?aai n i?aaeuaeoueie. Ii iia enoeiu ia na?anuaatho iiae
ioein enoi?ee noa?ua, a aeiiieiytho, eiie?aoece?otho eee aeeth/atho eo a
naay eae iiiaiou aieaa iaueo e aeoa enoei. (Oai? ioiineo Yeiooaeia e
Iuethoiiianeay iaoaieea).
Eiie?aoiinoue – yoi naienoai enoeiu, iniiaaiia ia ciaiee ?aaeueiuo
naycae, acaeiiaeaenoaey anao noi?ii iauaeoa, aeaaiuo, nou naienoa,
oaiaeaoeee aai ?acaeoey. Oae enoeiinoue eee eiaeiinoue oao eee eiuo
noaeaeaiee ia i.a. onoaiiaeaa anee ia ecaanoiu oneiaey ianoa, a?aiae…,
a eio iie no?ioee?iaaiu. Noaeaeaiea, aa?ii io?aae iauaeo a aeaiuo
oneiaeyo, noaiiaeony eiaeiui ii ioiio e oiio aea iauaeoo a eiuo
ianoiyoaeuenoaao.(eeiaiea aiaeu i?e100 a?aae).
Eaaeaeue iauaeo ia?yaeo n iaueie /a?oaie iaaeaeai e eiaeeaeae
iniaaiiinoyie. A neeo yoiai ia?yaeo n iaiauaiui iaiaoiaeei e eiie?aoiue
iiaeoiae e iauaeoo: iao aano? enoeiu, iia anaaaea eiie?aoia. Enoeiiu ee
e i?eia?o i?eioeeiu eean iaoaieee? Aea, ii a ii?aae i?aaeaeao. E oae
aeey etha enoeiu.
*oi aeaao ethaeyi aa?aioeth enoeiinoe ciaiey? Aeaea?o, Nieiica, Eaeaieoe
– e?eo enoeiu yniinoue e io/aoeeainoue iuoeaiey. I?eia?: eaaae?ao eiaao
4 noi?iiu. Iaeiaei yniinoue e i/aaeaeiinoue – noauaeo ninoiyiey niciaiey
e iie ioaeaeathony a iii?a ia /oi-oi aieaa i?i/iia.
Auaeaeaaeny e oaeie e?eo enoeiu, eae iauaciai/eiinoue: enoeii oi, /oi
niioa iiaieth aieueoeinoaa. Iaeiaei aniiiiei Eiia?ieea. Ii iaeei aue
i?aa, a inoaeueiua – iao.
Nou e i?aaiaoe/aneee e?eoa?ee enoeiu: enoeiiua eaeae – yoi oa eio oi?ioi
?aaioatho.( iieaciua) *oi eo/oa ?aaioaao ia ian, aaaeao ian, /oi eo/oa
anaai iiaeoiaeeo e eaaeaeie /anoe aeecie e niaaeeieii ni anae
niaieoiiinoueth iaoaai iiuoa. Anee i?aaenoaae i aiaa aoaeoo
oaeiaeaoai?youe yoei e?eoa?eyi – oi iie enoeiiua.
E?eo enoeiu caee a i?aeoeea. Eiaiii a i?aeoeea aeieaeai /ae aeieacaoue
enoeiinoue, o.a. aeaenoaeoaeueiinoue naiaai iuoeaiey. Iaeei ec
i?eioeeiia i iuoeaiey aeaneo: iaeia iieiae yae enoeiiui, anee aiciiaeii
aeieacaoue, i?eiaieii ee iii a oie eee eiie eiie?aoiie neooaoeee. Yoio
i?eioeei au?aae a oa?ieiii ?aaeecoaiinoue. Iin?aaenoaii ?aaeecaoeee
eaeae a i?aeo aeaenoaee ciaiea niecia?yaony, niiinoaaeyaony ni naiei
iauaeoii, auyaeyy oai naiui ianoiyuoth ia?o iauaeoeaiinoe, enoeiiinoe
naiaai niaeaaeaiey.
A ea/ e?eoa?ey enoeiu i?aeoeea ?aa ia oieueei eae i?aaeiaoiay
aeayoaeueiinoue. Iia aunooiaao e a iiin?aaeiaaiie oi?ia – eae eiaeea,
caeaeeaoayny a ai?ieea i?aeoeee. Iiaeii neacaoue, /oi eiaeea – yoi
iiin?aaeiaaiay iaeoeae. Iao ?acoi aeenoeeieeie?oaony eiaeeie aauae,
aini?iecaaaeaiiie a eiaeea i?aeo aeaenoaee e anae nenoaia aeoo
eoeueoo?u.
Iaeuecy caauaaoue, /oi i?aeoeea ia iiaeao iieiinoueth iiaeoaa?aeeoue eee
ii?iaa?aiooue eaeia au oi ie auei i?aaenaaeaiea, ciaiea. “ Aoii
iaaeaeei” – oae n/eoaeinue iiiai aaeia e i?aeoeea iiaeoaa?aeaeaea yoi.
I?aeoeea o?aieo iie/aiea ioiineoaeueii oiai, /oi iaoiaeeony ca
i?aaeaeaie aa enoi?e/anee ia?aie/aiiuo aiciiaeiinoae. Iaeiaei iia
iinoiyii ?acaeaaaony, niaa?oainoaoaony. A i?ioeanna ?acaeoey enoeiiiai
ciaiey, oaaee/aey aai iauaia iaoea e i?aeoeea ana aieueoa aunooiatho a
ia?acaeaeueiii aaeeinoaa.
56. Iiiyoea eae oi?ia iunee, aai ?ieue a iao/iii iuoeaiee. Iniiaiua
iia?aoeee n iiiyoeyie.
Iiiyoea – anoue ?acoeueoao iaiauaiey i?aaeiaoia iaeioi?iai aeaea ii
ii?aae-e niaieoiiinoe iaueo aeey ieo e niaieoiiinoe ioee/eoaeueiuo aeey
ieo i?eciaeia. Ia?aoiae io /oanoaaiiiai iiiyoey iuoeaiey, e aano?aeoiiio
iuoeaieth anoue ia?aoiae io io?aaeaiey ie?a a oi?iao iuouaiey e
io?aaeaieth aai a iiiyoeyo. Iuoeaiea i?aaenoaaeyao niaie iaoaieci
iia?e?iaaiey iiiyoeyie. Iii au?aaeaaony neiaaie eee neiaini/aoaieyie.
Iiiyoea ia anoue ycueiaia au?aaeaiea, ii au?aaeaaony n iiiiuueth
ycueiauo au?aaeaiee (niaa, snow …).
Iiiyoea anoue oi?ia iunee, eioi?ay yaeyaony ?acoeueoaoii iuneaiiiai
auaeaeaiey iaeiioeiiuo i?aaeiaoia iaeioi?iai iiiaeanoaa ii iauei e
nouanoaaiiui i?eciaeai. Eaaeaeia iiiyoea eiaao niaea?aeaiea e iauai.
Iauai iiiyoey – yoi niaieoiiinoue i?aaeiaoia iiiyoey. Niaea?aeaiea
iiiyoey – yoi niaieoiiinoue i?eciaeia, ia iniiaa eioi?ie iauaeou
auaeaeaiu e iaiauaiu a iiiyoee. I/o niaea?aeaieai e iauaiii iiiyoey
anoue naycue a aeaea caeiia ia?aoiiai ioiioaiey: /ai aieueoa
niaea?aeaiea iiiyoey, oai iaiueoa e?oa iauaeoia ooieoeeiie?othueo a iai,
e iaiai?io, /ai aieueoa iauai oai oaea niaea?aeaiea.
Iiiyoea ioee/aaony io oi?i /oanoaaiiiai iiciaiey: a i?aaenoaaeaiee
aeaaony on?aaeiaiiue iauaeo /oanoaaiiiai iiciaiey, a iiiyoea iiaeao
io?aaeaoue e /oanoaaiii ia aini?eieiaaiia (nei?inoue naaoa, eaoee …).
Aeaeu iiiyoee: 1) ii eiee/anoaaiiiio e?eoa?eth a) aaeeie/iua (iuiaoiyy
ei?ieaaa Aiaeee) a) iauea a) ionoua (aa/iue aeaeaaoaeue, e?oaeue
eaaae?ao) 2) ii oa?aeoa?o i?eciaeia a) iieiaeeoaeueiua, anee au?aaeaao
iaee/ea o i?aaeiaoa eaeiai-oi i?eciaea a) io?eoeaoaeueiua 3) ii
oa?aeoa?o iuneeiuo a iiiyoee i?aaeiaoia a) aano?aeoiua iiiyoey a)
eiie?aoiua (nooaeaio, aoii).
Aeaeu ioiioaiee i/o iiiyoeyie: n?aaieiua (yeaeo?ii, iiceo?ii) e
ian?aaieiua (yeaeo?ii e ai?iae) ai iiiaeanoaa n?aaieaaaiuo auaeaeytho a)
niaianoeiua – i?eciaee ninoaaeythuea niaea?aeaiea iiiyoee iiaoo
i?eiaaeeaaeaoue iaeiei i?aaeiaoai (nii?oniai e anie?aio) a)
ianiaianoeiua – anee ia?ana/aiea eo iauaiia yaeyaony ionoui iiiaeanoaii
(nooaeaio ioee/iee e nooaeaio iaoniaaathuee).
Aeaeu niaianoeiinoe: 1 ?aaiicia/iua (?aaiioaieueiue o?aoa e
?aaiinoi?iiiee), 2 iiiyoey iaoiaeyueany a ninoiyiee eiae/aneiai
iiae/eiaiey (anie?aio e o/aueeny) 3 ia?ae?aueaathueany iiiyoey (anie?aio
e nii?oniai).
Aeaeu ianiaianoeiinoe: 1 i?ioeai?a/auea – a iaeiii ec eioi?uo anoue
i?eciaee, iaee/ea eioi?uo io?eoeaaony a ae?oaii (ioae/eia e ia
ioae/eia), ?iae i?e yoii en/a?iuaaaony yoeie iiiyoeyie.2
i?ioeaiiieiaeiua (aunieee e ieceee) 3 niiiae/eiaiiua (i?ieo?i? e
aaeaieao – iauaaeeiaiu a th?eno, ii ia eiatho iaueo i?eciaeia,
o?aoaieueiee e eaaae?ao).
Iia?aoeee n iiiyoeyie. 1. Iia?aoeee n iauaiaie iiiyoee (eeannia) a)
ia?ana/aiea aeaoo eeannia ia?acoao eeann, yeaiaioaie eioi?iai yaeythony
oa e oieueei oa i?aaeiaou, eioi?ua aoiaeyo eae a ia?aue oae e ai aoi?ie
eeannu; 2 iauaaeeiaiea aeaoo eeannia, a ?acoeueoaoa yoie iia?aoeee
ia?acoaony eeann yeaiaioaie eioi?iai yaeythony oa e oieueei oa
i?aaeiaou, eioi?ua aoiaeyo ii e?aeiae ia?a a iaeei ec enoiaeiuo eeannia;
3 aeiiieiaieai e eeanno iacuaaaony iia?aoeey, a ?acoeueoaoa eioi?ie e
eeanno WxA(x) ia?acoaony eeann eeann (n /a?oie), yeaiaioaie eioi?iai
yaeythony oa e oieueei oa i?aaeiaou ec iaeanoe cia/aiee ia?aiaiiie o,
eioi?ue ia aoiaeyo a eeann WxA(x). 4 ?aciinoue eeannia iacuaaaony
iia?aoeey i/o aeaoiy eeannaie, a ?acoeueoaoa eioi?ie ia?acoaony eeann
niaea?aeauee oa e oieueei oa yeaiaiou ia?aiai eeanna, eioi?ua ia aoiaeyo
ai aoi?ie eeann.
Iniiaiuie iia?aoeeyie iaae niaea?aeaieyie iiiyoee yaeythony: io?eoeaiea
niaea?aeaiey, eiiuthieoeey niaea?aeaiee e aeecuthieoeey niaea?aeaiee.
57. Noaeaeaiea eae oi?ia iunee. No?oeoo?a e ?aciiaeaeiinoe noaeaeaiee.
Noaeaeaiea a i?ioeanna iiciaiey ea?aao aaaeioth ?ieue.Anyeia ciaiea
nouanoaoao a eiae/aneie oi?ia oaeaeaiey.
Noaeaeaiea – yoi iuneue, caeeth/aiiay a i?aaeeiaeaiee, niaea?aeeo 3
yeaiaioa: noauaeo, i?aaeeeao, nayceo (“anoue” eee “ia anoue”).Noauaeo e
i?aaeeeao a noaeaeaiee iiaoo auoue au?aaeaiu ianeieueeeie neiaaie,
iai?eia?: “Iaeioi?ua inoaeaeaiiua e eeoaieth naiaiaeu ia niaea?aeaony a
eni?aaeoaeueiuo eieiieyo” – ia?aua /aou?a neiaa – noauaeo, aoi?ua aeaa
neiaa – i?aaeeeao, “ia niaea?aeaony” – naycea.
Iaeoe eie-ai nothaeaiey – cia/eo auynieoue, ooaa?aeaeaaony ee (eee
io?eoeaaony) i?aaeeeao ioiineoaeueii anaai iauaia eee oieueei
ioiineoaeueii /anoe iauaia noauaeoa.
I?eciaee noaeaeaiee: iauaooaa?aeeoaeueiuo – neiaa “eaae-aeue”, “
anyeee”, “ethaie”, noiyuaa ia?aae noauaeoii; iauaio?eoeaoaeueiuo – “ie
iaeei”, noiyuaa eee iiae?acoiaaathuaany ia?aae noauaeoii; /anoiia –
“iaeioi?ua”, “/anoue”, “iau/ii” e o.i. O.I. /oiau iaeoe eiee/anoai
noaeaeaiey, iaiaoiaeeii: 1.iaeoe noauaeo e i?aaeeeao; 2. enneaaeiaaoue
aai iooai i?eaaaeaiey e iaio neia (“eaaeaeue”),anee noaeaeaiea
ooaa?aeeoaeueiia, (eee “ie iaeei”) anee iii io?eoeaoaeueiia.
Aeey ii?aaeaeaiey ea/anoaa noaeaeaiey iaiaoiaeeii iaeoe eee
ainnoaiiaeoue nayceo noaeaeaiey, io?aaeathuoth oa?aeoa? nayce noauaeoa e
i?aaeeeaoa.
Noaeaeaiea – yoi iuneue, a eioi?ie i?e auneacuaaiee aa ia/oi
ooaa?aeaeaaony i i?aaeiaoa aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe e eioi?ay iauaeoeaii
yaeyaony eeai enoeiiie, eeai eiaeiie e i?e yoii iaeiie ec aeaoo.
Enoeiiie iacuaaaony iuneue, niioaaonoaothuay aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe, eiaeiie
– a eioi?ie eneaaeaiii io?aaeaia aeaenoaeoaeueiinoue. A ycuea noaeaeaiea
au?aaeaaony n iiiiuueth iiaanoaiaaoaeueiuo i?aaeeiaeaiee e ?eoi?e/aneiai
aii?ina.
I?inoui iacuaaaony noaeaeaiea, a eioi?ii iaeuecy auaeaeeoue i?aaeeueioth
/anoue, o.a. ia niaiaaeathuoth n oeaeui, a a naith i/a?aaeue
yaeythuothny noaeaeaieai. n?aaee i?inouo noaeaeaiee auaeaeytho
ao?eaooeaiua (eaoaai?e/iua) noaeaeaiey, noaeaeaiey ia ioiioaieyo e
noaeaeaiey nouanoaiaaiey.
Noauaeo noaeaeaiey – yoi iiiyoea i i?aaeiaoa noaeaeaiey. I?aaeeeao –
iiiyoea i i?eciaea i?aaeiaoa, ?anniao?eaaaiii a noaeaeaiee.
Ao?eaooeaiua noaeaeaiey aeaeyony ii ea/anoao ia ooaa?aeeoaeueiua e
io?eoeaoaeueiua, ii eiee/anoao ia aaeeie/iua, /anoiua e iauea.
Oa?iei iacuaaaony ?ani?aaeaeeoaeueiui, anee aai iauai iieiinoueth
aoiaeeo a iauai ae?. oa?ieia eee iieiinoueth enee. ec iaai, o.a. a
noaeaeaiee aiai?eony i anao i?aaeiaoao, ioaaouaaaiuo ae. oa?ieiii.
Noaeaeaiey nouanoaiaaiey io?aaeatho oaeo nouanoaiaaiey eee
ianouanoaiaaiey i?aaeiaoia. (“Nouanoaoao ai?iae Iineaa”). A aeaiiuo
noaeaeaieyo noauaeoii yae. iiiyoea i i?aaeiaoa noaeaeaiey, iauaeoeaiia
nouanoaiaaiea eioi?iai ooaa?aeaeaaony eee io?eoeaaony I?aaeeeaoii yae.
iuneue i nouanoaiaaiee eee ianouanoaiaaiee i?aaeiaoa.
Ioiioaiey iaaeaeo i?aaeiaoaie e yaeaieyie aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe
au?aaeathony a noaeaeaiee ia ioiioaieyo. (“Ii?aeue aicieeea ?aiueoa
?aeeaee”)
Neiaeiuie iacuaathony noaeaeaiey, a eioi?uo iiaeii auaeaeeoue
i?aaeeueiua /anoe, yaeythueany noaeaeaieyie.
Ini. aeaeu neiaeiuc noaeaeaiee:
1. niaaeeieoaeueiua – ia?aciaaiu iin?aaenoaii nayce aeaoo eee
ianeieueeeo i?inouo noaeaeaiee eiae/aneei nithcii “e”;
2. ?acaeaeeoaeueiua – ia?aciaaiu iin?aaenoaii nayce aeaoo eee
ianeieueeeo i?inouo noaeaeaiee eiae/aneei nithcii “eee”.
3. oneiaiua – neiaeiua noaeaeaiey, ia?aciaaiiua i?e iii. eiae/aneiai
nithca “anee … oi”.
4. yeaeaaeaioiinoe – neiaeiua noaeaeaiey, ia?aciaaiiua iin?aaenoaii
nayce aeaoo eee aieaa noaeaeaiee eiae/aneei nithcii “anee e oieueei anee
…, oi”, “oiaaea e oieueei oiaaea …, eiaaea…”
5. noaeaeaiea n aiaoiei io?eoeaieai – noaeaeaiea, a eio. ooaa?aeaeaaony
ionoonoaea iaeioi?ie neooaoeee (“iaaa?ii, /oi…)
A auaeaeythueo noaeaeaieyo anaaaea /oi-eeai ooaa?aeaeaaony eee
io?eoeaaony oieueei i i?aaeiaoa aeaiiiai noaeaeaiey.
A aaeeie/iii auaeaeythuai noaeaeaiee auaeaeythuay oa?-ea ioiineony e
iaeiiio ii?aaeaeaiiiio i?aaeiaoo eaeiai-eeai eeanna i?aaeiaoia.(Oienoie
-aaoi? ?iiaia“Aiia Ea?aieia”).
A /anoiiauaeaeythuai noaeaeaiee auaeaeythuay oa?-ea ioiineony e
iaeioi?ui i?aaeiaoai ecaanoiiai eeanna.
A iauaauaeaeythuai noaeaeaiee auaeaeythuay oa?-ea ioiineony e eaaeaeiio
i?aaeiaoo e-e eeanna.
Eneeth/athuea noaeaeaiey – iauea noaeaeaiey, a eio. enee. /anoue
i?aaeiaoia, ia iaeaaeathueo i?eciaeii, i?enouei anai i?aaeiaoai
?anniao?eaaaiiai eeanna. (“Anyeia ia-ai, ca enee. ia?aiauoiiai, yae.
eeanniaui”).
58. Oiicaeeth/aiea eae eiae/aneay iia?aoeey, aai no?oeoo?a, iniiaiua
?aciiaeaeiinoe e ?ieue a iao/iii iiciaiee.
Oiicaeeth/aiea yoi i?ioeann iieo/aiey ciaiey eee i?aaaeiiiaeiaiiai
ooaa?aeaeaiey, au?aaeaiiiai a noaeaeaiee, ec iaeiiai, aeaoo eee aieaa
noaeaeaiee, i?eieiaaiuo ca enoeiiua eee i?aaaeiiiaeiaiua, ia iniiaa
niaoeeoeee eiae/aneeo oi?i enoiaeiuo e iieo/aaiiai noaeaeaiey n
eniieueciaaieai eee aac eniieueciaaiey iniauo iaoiaeieiae/aneeo
n?aaenoa, a oaeaea ia iniiaa iuneaiiiai iia?e?iaaiey i?aaeiaoaie e o.ae.
Enoiaeiua noaeaeaiey iacuaathony iinueeaie oiicaeeth/aiey, a iieo/aaiia
noaeaeaiea – caeeth/aieai. Auaeaeytho aeaa aeaea oiicaeeth/aiee: 1)
iaiin?aaenoaaiiua – niaea?aeao iaeii noaeaeaiea a ea/anoaa iinueee e
iaeii a ea/anoaa caeeth/aiey; e 2) iiin?aaeiaaiiua – niaea?aeao aieaa
/ai iaeio iinueeo. Aeaeu iaiin?aaenoaaiiuo oiicaee: oiicaeeth/aiea ii
eiae/aneiio eaaae?aoo, oiicaeeth/aiea iiaeaeueiinoe, oiicaeeth/aiea
i?aa?auaiey, -“- ia?auaiey, -“- i?ioeaiiinoaaeaiey i?aaeeeaoo.
Oiicaee ii eia ea: 1. Oiicaee i?ioeai?a/ey iniiauaaaony ia caeiia
eneeth/aiiiai o?aoueaai, niaeanii eioi?iio anee ooaa?aeaeaiea /aai eeai
enoeiii, oi io?eoeaiea yoiai eiaeii, e iaiai?io; 2. Oiicaee
i?ioeaiiieiaeiinoe i?ienoiaeeo ia aaca caeiia i?ioeai?a/ey. Caeeth/aieai
oaeiai oiic-y yaeyaony eiaeiia noaeaeaiea (iai? ec enoei noaeae-y “ie
iaeei /aeiaae ia yaeyaony iaoeiie” iiaeii onoaiiaeoue eiaeiinoue
noaeaeaiey “ana ethaee – iaoeiu”) 3. Oiicaee-a noaeiio?a?iinoe aeaao
aiciiaeiinoue iieo/eoue enoeiiua /anoiiooaa?aeeoaeueiua eee
/anoiiio?eoeaoaeueiua noaeaeaiey (ec enoaiiinoe noaeaeaiey “iaeioi?ua
oeeiniou auee iaoa?eaeenou” iiaeii iieo/eoue enoeiiia noaeaeaiea
“iaeioi?ua oeeiniou ia auee iaoa?eaeenoaie”); 4.oiicaee-y iiae/eiaiey
iicaieytho iieo/eoue enoeiiua /anoiiooaa?aeeoaeueiua eee
/anoiiio?eoeaoaeueiua noaeaeaiey, ii aeatho aiciiaeiinoue naeaeaoue
auaiae i eiaeiinoe iaua ooaa?aeeo e iaua io?eoe noaeaeaiee ia iniiaa
eiaeiinoe niioaaonoaothueo /anoiiooaa?ae e /anoii io?eoe noaeaeaiee
(anee eiaeii “iaeioi?ua ethaee ?anoaiey”, oi eiaeii “ana ethaee
?anoaiey”).
Oiicaee-y iiaeaeueiinoe no?iyony ia i?eioeeiao: 1 /oi iaiaoiaeeii, oi
aeaenoaeoaeueii; 2 /oi iaiaoiaeeii, oiaiciiaeii; 3 /oi aeaenoaeoaeueii,
oi aiciiaeii; 4 /oi iaaiciiaeii, oi iaaeaenoaeoaeueii; 5 /oi
iaaiciiaeii, oi ia iaiaoiaeeii; 6 /oi iaaeaenoaeoaeueii, oi ia
iaiaoiaeeii.(anee iaaiciiaeii /oi 2*2=5, oi iao oaeiai iieiaeaiey aeae,
a eioi?ii 2*2=5.
Oiicae-a i?aa?auaiey eiiatho iaeio ec neaaeothueo noai: 1 anee S anoue
?, oi S ia anoue ia ?, 2 anee S ia anoue ?, oi S anoue ia ?, 3 anee S
anoue ia ?, oi S ia anoue ?, 4 anee S ia anoue ia ?, oi S anoue ?. (Ec
noaeaeaiey “yoa aunoaaea ia eioa?ania” eaaei iieo/eoue noaeaeaiea “yoa
aunoaaea ia ioiineony e eioa?aniui”).
Oiicaee-y ia?auaiey. A iinueea au?aaeaaony caaeneiinoue i/o ioiioaieai
noauaeoa e i?aaeeaaoo e i?aaeeeaoa e noauaeoo, o a oi /oi auei noauaeoii
noaiiaeoueny i?aaeeeaoii, a oi /oi auei i?aaeeeaoii – noauaeoii. Noaiu
oiicaee ia?auaiey oaeiau: 1 anee ana S ano ?, oi iaeioi?ua ? anoue S, 2
Anee ie iaeei S ia anoue ?, oi ie iaeei ? ia anoue S, 3 Anee iaeioi?ua S
anoue ?, oi iaeioi?ua ? anoue S. (iai?, ec noaeaeaiey “iaeioi?ua
aeaeaeneea i?i?iee auee aeieaiaeeoaeyie” neaaeoao “iaeioi?ua
aeieaiaeeoaee auee i?i?ieaie”).
I?ioeaiiinoaaeaieai i?aaeeeaoo iac-ny oaeia iaiin?aae oiicaee-a, a
?acoeueoaoa eioi?iai a auaiaeiii noaeaeaiee noauaeoii noaiiaeoueny
iiiyoea, i?ioeai?a/auaa i?aaeeeaoo noiaeiiai noaeaeaiey, a i?aaeeeaoii –
noauaeo enoiaeiiai noaeaeaiey. Noaiu: 1 Anee ana S anoue ?, oi ie iaeei
ia ? ia anoue S, 2 Anee ie iaeii S ia anoue ?, oi iaeioi?ua ia ? anoue
S, 3 Anee iaeioi?ua S ia anoue ?, oi iaeioi?ua ia ? anoue S.
?anniio?ei iiin?aaeiaaiiua oiicaeeth/aiey, eae iie auee noi?ioee?iaaiu a
neeeiaenoeea. Neeiaenoeea – oai?ey aeaaeoeoeaiiai auaiaea, iia?e?othuay
auneacuaaieyie noauaeoii-i?aaeeeaoeaiie no?oeoo?u. (neaaeiaaiea ec
iaeiie iinueee – yoi iaiin?aaeno neeeiae/aneee auaiae; ec aeaoo –
neeeiaeci; ec iiiaeo – iieeneeeiaeci).
Iiin?aaeiaaiiua oiicaee-y: i?inoie eaoaai?e/aneee neeeiaeci, neiaeiua,
nie?auaiiua e neiaeiinie?auaiiua neeeiaeciu, oneiaiua, ?acaeaeeoaeueiua
e oneiaii-?acaeaeeoaeueiua neeeiaeciu.
I?inoie eaoaai?e/aneee neeeiaeci. Aai iinueee e caeeth/aiea
i?aaenoaaeytho niaie eaoaai?e/aneea, eee ao?eaooeaiua, noaeaeaiey (iai?
“ana ieaiaou eiatho oi?io oa?a”, “caiey – ieaiaoa” neaaeiaaoaeueii Caiey
eiaao oi?io oa?a).Noaia I – ?, S – ? => S – ?. I?eioeei n iiiiuueth
e-iai iainiiauaaaony auaiae ec iinueie eaoaai?e/aneiai neeeiaecia,
iacuaaaony aeneiiie neeeiaecia. Iia eiaao aeaa aeaa oi?ioee?iaee: 1, Ana
/oi ooaa?aeaeaaony eee io?eoeaaony ioiineoaeueii anao i?aaeiaoia eeanna,
oaeaea ooaa?aeaeaaony eee io?eoeaaony ioiineoaeueii eaaeaeiai i?aaeiaoa
e ethaie /anoe i?aaeiaoia yoiai eeanna. 2, I?eciae i?eciaea aaue anoue
i?eciae naiie aaue: oi, /oi i?ioeai?a/eo i?eciaeo aaue, i?ioeai?a/eo
naiie aaue. Oa?aeoa?iie /a?oie i?inoiai eaoaa nee yae-ny oi, /oi a iai
iaeioi?ia iauaa ciaiea i?eiaiyaony e aaeeie/iiio eee /anoiiio ia
iniiaaiee onoaiiaeaiey nayce aeaiiiai aaeeie/iiai eee /anoiiai neo/ay n
iauei. Io ianoiiieiaeaiey n?aaeiaai oa?ieia auaeaeytho /aou?a oeao?u
neeeiaecia (ni ?en).
Oiicaeeth/aiea, a eioi?ii i?iiouaia iaeia ec ec aai /anoae (iinueea eee
caeeth/aiea), iacuaaaony nie?auaiiui oiicaeeth/aieai (yioeiaiie). I?eia?
“Eaaiia – nooaeaio, neaaeiaaoaeueii ii aeieaeai iieo/aoue noeiaiaeeth” .
I?e aiaeeca eaaei ainnoaiiaeoue iaaeinoathuea /anoe. Iaeiei ec
neiaeiinie?auaiiuo neeeiaeciia yae-yn ni?eo: i?ia?anneaiue e
?aa?anneaiue, eo noaiu niioaaonoaaiii: 1.Ana A anoue A, ana N anoue A,
ana Ae anoue N, ana A anoue Ae neaaeiaaoaeueii ana A anoue A. 2. Ana A
anoue A, ana A anoue N, ana N anoue Ae, ana Ae anoue A, neaaeiaaoaeueii
ana A anoue A. I?eia?: Ana iao/iua caeiiu eiatho iauaeoeaiia
niaea?aeaiea. Ana caeiiu anoanoaiciaiey – iao/iua caeiiu. Ana caeiiu
oeceee – caeiiu anoanoaiciaiey. Ana caeiiu eaaioiaie oeceee – oece/aneea
caeiiu. Neaaeiaaoaeueii, ana caeiiu eaaioiaie oeceee eiatho iauaeoeaiia
niaea?aeaiea.
Oneiaiua neeeiaeciu a ieo iaeia eeai iaa iinueee – oneiaiua noaeaeaiey.
Noaia: Anee A, oi A, Anee A, oi N, neaaeiaaoaeueii anee A, oi N.
?acaeaeeoaeueiuie neeeiaeciaie iacuaathony oaeea, a eioi?uo ia?aay
iinueea ?acaeaeeoaeueiia noaeaeaiea (aeecuthieoeaiia) noaeaeaiea. Aoi?ay
iinueea e auaiae i?aaenoaaeytho niaith ?acaeaeeoaeueiua eee
eaoaai?e/aneea noaeaeaiey.
A oneiaii-?acaeaeeoaeueiii neeeiaecia iaeia iinueea yaeyaony oneiaiui
noaeaeaieai, a aoi?ay – ?acaeaeeoaeueiui . A caaeneiinoe io eiee/anoaa
aeueoa?iaoea niaea?aeaueony a ?acaeaeeoaeueiii noaeaeaiee neeeiaecia, ii
iacuaaaony aeeeaiiie, o?eeaiiie, oao?aeaiiie. Iaeaieaa oiio?aaeoaeueia a
i?aeoeea iuoeaiey – aeeeaiia. Iia auaaao i?inoie e neiaeiie,
eiino?oeoeaiie e aeano?oeoeaiie. Noaiu: a) i?inoay eiino?oeoeaiay
aeeeaiia Anee A, oi A; Anee N, oi A; A eee N, => A. a) i?inoay
aeano?oeoeaiay aeeeaiia Anee A, oi ia A; Anee N, oi ia A; A eee N => A.
a) neiaeiay eiino?oeoeaiay aeeeaiia: Anee A, oi A; Anee N, oi Ae; => A
eee Ae. A) neiaeiay aeano?oeoeaiay aeeeaiia aiaeia iineaaeiae, ii e A e
Ae aeiaaaeyaony /anoeoea “ia”.
59. Iaoea a oaoiiaaiiii ie?a.
A nia?aiaiiie oeeaeeecaoeee iaoea ea?aao iniaoth ?ieue . Oaoiieiae/aneee
i?ia?ann 20 aaea , i?eaaaeoee a ?acaeouo no?aiao Caiaaea e Ainoiea e
iiaiio ea/anoao aeecie , iniiaai ia i?eiaiaiee iao/iuo aeinoeaeaiee..
Iaoea ia oieueei ?aaiethoeeiiece?oao noa?o i?iecaiaenoaa , ii e
ieacuaaao aeeyiea ia iiiaea ae?oaea noa?u /aeiaa/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe ,
ia/eiay ?aaoee?iaaoue eo, ia?ano?aeaay eo n?aaenoaa e iaoiaeu. I?iaeaiu
aoaeouaai nia?aiaiiie oeeaeeecaoeee ia iiaoo ianoaeaeaoueny aia
aiaeeca nia?aiaiiuo oaiaeaioeee ?acaeoey iaoee e aa ia?niaeoea. Oioy a
nia?aiaiiii iauanoaa nouanoaotho e aioenoeeaioe/aneea aeaeaeaiey, a
oeaeii iaoea aini?eieiaaony eae iaeia ec aunoeo oeaiiinoae
oeaeeecaoeee e eoeueoo?u.
Oaoiiaaiiay oeeaeeecaoeey yaeyaony aeiaieueii iicaeiei i?iaeoeoii
/aeiaa/aneie enoi?ee. Aeieaia a?aiy yoa enoi?ey i?ioaeaea eae
acaeiiaeaenoaea o?aaeeoeeiiiuo iauanoa. Eeoue a 15-17aa. a aa?iiaeneii
?aaeiia noi?ie?iaaeny iniaue oei ?acaeoey, naycaiiue n iiyaeaieai
oaoiiaaiiuo iauanoa , eo iineaaeothuae yeniaineae ia inoaeueiie ie? e
eciaiaieai iiae eo aeeyieai o?aaeeoeeiiiuo iauanoa. A o?aaeeoeeiiiii
iauanoaa au?aaeai caiaaeeaiiue oaii nioeeaeueiuo eciaiaiee, aeaeu
aeayoaeueiinoe, eo n?aaenoaa iiaoo noieaoeyie nouanoaiaaoue a ea/anoaa
onoie/eauo noa?aioeiia, niioaaonoaaiii a eoeueoo?a yoeo iauanoa
i?ei?eoao ioaeaaony o?aaeeoeeyi, ia?acai e ii?iai, aeeoioee?othuei iiuo
i?aaeeia , eaiiiece?iaaiiui noeeyi iuoeaiey , eiiiaaoeeiiiay
aeayoaeueiinoue ia aini?eieiaaony eae aunoay oeaiiinoue.
Oaoiiaaiiay oeeaeeecaoeey yoi iniaue oei nioeeaeueiiai ?acaeoey e
iniaue aeae oeeaeeecaoeee, ii?aaeaeythuea i?eciaee eioi?ie a ecaaniie
noaiaie i?ioeaiiieiaeiu oa?aeoa?enoeeai o?aaeeoeeiiiuo iauanoa.
Caeanue aicieeaao iniaue aeae aaoiiiiee ee/iinoe : /aeiaae iiaeao
iaiyoue naie ei?ii?aoeaiua nayce, ii aeanoei e iei ia i?eaycai ,
iiaeao e niiniaai i/aiue aeaei no?ieoue naie ioiioaiey n ethaeueie.
?acaeoea oaoiiaaiiie oeeaeeecaoeee ia/eiaaony n iiiaioa yiioe
?aianaina. Iia i?ioiaeeo o?e noaaeee: i?aaeeiaeonoeaeueioth,
eiaeono?eaeueioth e iinoeiaeono?eaeioth. Aaaeiaeoae iniiaie aa
aeeciaaeayoayeueiinoe noaiiaeony ?acaeoea oaoieee, oaoiieiaee ia
oieueei iooai noeoeeii i?ioaeathuae eiiaaoeee a noa?a naiiai
i?iecaiaenoaa , ii e ca n/ao ?aaaia?aoeee anao iiauo iao/iuo ciaiee,
eo aiaae?aiey a oaoieei – oaoiieiae/aneeea i?ioeannu.. Oae aicieeaao
oei ?acaeoey , iniiaaiiue ia onei?ythuainy eciaiaiee i?e?iaeiie
N?aaeu. Eciaiaiea yoiai ie?a i?eaiaeeo e aeoeaiui o?ainoi?iaoeeyi
nioeeaeueiuo naycae ethaeae. A oaoiiaaiiie oeeaeeecaoeee IOI iinoiyiii
iaiyao oeiu iauaiey , oi?iu eiioieeaoeee ethaeae , oeiu ee/iinoae e
iaeac aeecie. A ?acoeueoaoa aicieeaao io/aoeeai au?aaeaiiay
iai?aaeaiiinoue i?ia?anna n i?eaioaoeeae ia aoaeouaa. *aeiaae
iiieiaaony eae aeoeaiia nouanoai , eioi?ia iaoiaeeony a aeayoaeueiii
ioiioaiee e ie?o . Aeayoaeueiinoue /aeiaaea aeieaeia auoue iai?aaeaiia
ia i?aia?aciaaiea e ia?aaeaeeo aiaoiaai ie?a. A naith i/a?aaeue
aiaoiee ie? ?aniao?eaaaony eae a?aia aeayoaeueiinoe /aeiaaea.
Aoi?ie aaaeiue aniaeo, eioi?ue oa?aeoa?ai aeey oaoiiaaiiiai iauanoaa –
iiieiaiea i?e?iaeu eae oii?yaei/aiiiai, caeiiiia?ii ono?iaiiiai iiey
, a eioi?ii ?acoiiia nouanoai , iiciaaoaa caeiiu i?e?iaeu, niiniaii
inouanoaeoue naith aeanoue iaae aiaoieie i?ioeannaie e iauaeoaie ,
iinoaaeoue eo iiae naie eiio?ieue., a a o?aaeeoeeiiiii iauanoaa
i?e?iaea iiieiaaony eae aeeaie i?aaieci , a eioi?ue i?aaie/ii anoi?ai
/aeiaae , naii iiiyoea caeiia i?e?iaeu ,ioee/iiai io caeiiia , eioi?ua
?aaoee?otho nioeeaeueioth aeeciue , auei caeanue /oaeaei.
Aeanoue e ainiiaenoai a oaoiiaaiiie oeea-e i?aaeiieiaaao aeaaeaiea e
i?enaiaiea oiaa?ia.. Naia i?aia?acothuay aeayoaeueiinoue
?anoeaieaaaony eae i?ioeann, iaania/eaathuee aeanoue /aeiaaea iaae
i?aaeiaoii, ainiiaenoai iaae aiaoieie ianoiyoaeuenoaaie . eioi?ua
/aeiaae i?ecaai iiae/eieoue naaa.. Oa?aeoa?enoeea oeeaeeecaoeeiiiuo
aeinoeaeaiee a oa?ieiao neeu ( i?iecaiaeeoaeueiua neeu e o.i.)
au?aaeaea onoaiiaeo ia i?eia?aoaiea /aeiaaeii ana iiauo aiciiaeiinoae,
iicaieythueo ?anoe?youe ai?eciio aai i?aia?acothuae aeayoaeueiinoe. N
yoei naycai iniaue noaoon iao/iie ?aoeeiiaeueiinoe a nenoaia oeaiiinoae
oaoiiaaiiie oeeaeeecaoeee, iniaay cia/eiinoue iao/ii – oaoie/aneiai
acaeyaea ia ie?, eai iiciaiea ie?a yaeyaony oneiaeai aeey aai
i?aia?aciaaiey. Iii nicaeaao oaa?aiiinoue a oii, /oi /aeiaae niiniaai,
?ane?ua caeiiu i?e?iaeu e nioeeaeueiie aeecie, ?aaoee?iaaoue i?e?iaeiua
e nioeeaeueiua i?ioeannu a niioaaonoaee ni naieie oeaeyie. Iiyoiio a
iiaiaa?iiaeneie eoeueoo?a e a iineaaeothuai ?acaeoee oaoiiaaiiuo
iauanoa eaoaai?ey iao/iinoe ia?aoaao naiaia?aciue neiaiee/aneee niune.
Iia aini?eieiaaony eae iaiaoiaeeiia oneiaea i?ioeaaoaiey e i?ia?anna.
Oeaiiinoue iao/iie ?aoeeiiaeueiinoe e aa aeoeaiia aeeyiea ia ae?oaea
noa?u eoeueoo?u noaiiaeony oa?aeoa?iui i?eciaeii aeecie oaoiiaaiiuo
iauanoa.
60. Aeiaaeueiua e?ecenu e i?iaeaia oeaiiinoe IOI.
I?anoeaeiue noaoon iaoee noeioee?oao ?acaa?ouaaiea aieueoiai
iiiaiia?acey aa ?acaeouo oi?i. Enneaaeoy eo e aiaeece?oy, eae iaiyeenue
ooieoeee iaoee a nioeeaeueiie aeecie, iiaeii auyaeoue iniiaiua
iniaaiiinoe iao/iiai iiciaiey, aai aiciiaeiinoe e a?aieoeu. I?iaeaia
yoeo aiciiaeiinoae a iano a? noaaeoueny iniai ino?i. Ana aeaei a oii,
/oi naii ?acaeoea oaoiiaaiiie oeeaeeecaoeee iiaeioei e e?eoe/aneei
?oaaaeai, eioi?ua iaicia/eee a?aieoeu yoiai oeia oeeaeeecaoeeiiiiai
?inoa. Yoi iaia?oaeeeinue ai aoi?ie iieiaeia 20 a. a nayce n
aicieeiiaaieai aeiaaeueiuo e?ecenia. Auaeaeytho o?e aeaaiuo i?iaeaiu.
Ia?aay ec ieo – yoi auaeeaaiea a oneiaeyo iai?a?uaiiai niaa?oainoaiaaiey
i?oaeey ianniaiai ii?aaeaiey. A yaea?iue aae /aeiaa/anoai a ia?aua ca
anth naith enoi?eth noaei nia?oiui, e yoio ia/aeueiue eoia aue “iiai/iui
yooaeoii” IOI, ioe?uaathuaai ana iiaua aiciiaeiinoe ?acaeoey aiaiiie
oaoieee.
Aoi?ie, iiaeaeoe naiie ino?ie i?iaeaiie nia?aiaiiinoe noaiiaeony
ia?anoaiea yeieiae/aneiai e?ecena a aeiaaeueiuo ianooaaao. Aeaa aniaeoa
/aeiaa/aneiai nouanoaiaaiey eae /anoe i?e?iaeu e eae aeayoaeueiiai
nouanoaa, i?aia?acothuaai i?e?iaeo, i?eoiaeyo a eiioeeeoiia
noieeiiaaiea.
O?aouey i?iaeaia – yoi i?iaeaia nio?aiaiey /aeiaa/aneie ee/iinoe
/aeiaaea eae aeinioeeaeueiie no?oeoo?u a oneiaeyo ?anooueo e
ananoi?iiieo i?ioeannia io/oaeaeaiey. Yoo aeiaaeueioth i?iaeaio eiiaaea
iaicia/atho eae nia?aiaiiue aio?iiieiae/aneee e?ecen. *aeiaae oneiaeiyy
naie naie ie?, ana /aua aucuaaao e aeecie oaeea neeu, eioi?ua ii oaea ia
eiio?iee?oao e eioi?ua noaiiayony /oaeaeuie aai i?e?iaea. Nia?aiaiiay
eiaeono?eaeueiay eoeueoo?a aeaenoaeoaeueii nicaeaao oe?ieea aiciiaeiinoe
aeey iaieioeyoeee niciaieai (ss n yoei ia niaeanai a a i?eia? oiio NOA –
/aeiaae aeeaea e i?e?iaea, /aeiaae a oeiea aeey ?aaiuo, iacaaeneiinoue
n?aaenoa eioi?iaoeee aeaao aieueoa i?aaaeu eo.ae.). Onei?aiiia ?acaeoea
oaoiiaaiiie oeeaeeecaoeee aeaeaao aanueia neiaeiie i?iaeaio
noeeaeecaoeee e oi?ie?iaaiey ee/iinoe. Iinoiyiii iaiythueeny ie?
ia?uaaao iiiaea ei?ie, o?aaeeoeee, canoaaeyy /aeiaaea iaeiia?aiaiii
aeeoue a ?aciuo o?aaeeoeeyo. Ii iiaio yoi iaiai?io aeaeaao aeeciue
eioa?aniae, noe?aao eiioeeeo iooeia e aeaoae. Nia?aiaiiay oaoieea
iicaieyao iauaoueny n ethaeueie ?aciuo eiioeiaioia, ii i?e yoii ethaee
ia ciatho naieo ninaaeae. Oaeia iieiaeaiea ia iie acaeyae oaeaea iiaeii
ii?aaaeaoue.
Anoue iianiinoue ?ac?ooaiey /aeiaa/aneie oaeaniinoe, a nayce n
aeaaioneeie iaa?oceaie ia ineoeeo /aeiaaea, no?anaie, cani?aiea
eaioea?iaaiaie, iooaioaie e o.ae. Oeeaeeecaoeey cia/eoaeueii i?iaeeeea
n?ie /aeiaa/aneie aeecie, ?acaeea iaaeeoeeio ii a ianoa n oai au/a?eioea
anoanoaaiiue oaeoi? oaeaeaiey ec ?iaea /aeiaa/aneiai iineoaeae
aaiaoe/aneeo ioeaie. Auoiae eiiaaea aeaeyo a ia?niaeoeaao aaiiie
eiaeaia?ee, ii iia ianao ia iaiueooth iianiinoue. (ia iie acaeyae, ana
iaiai?io ethaee ia?aae a?aeii no?aiyoueny i?iecaanoe caei?iaia
iieieaiea)
Nia?aiaiiua aeiaaeueiua e?ecenu noaayo iiae niiiaiea oei i?ia?anna,
?aaeeciaaiiue a i?aaeoanoaothuai oaoiiaaiiii ?acaeoee. Nouanoaotho
iiiai/eneaiiua aioenoeeaioenoneea eiioeaioeee, aiceaaathuea ia iaoeo e
aa oaoiieiae/aneea i?eiaiaiey ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca ia?anoathuea
aeiaaeueiua i?iaeaiu. E?aeiee aioenoeeaioeci o?aaoao i?inoaiiaeoue IOI e
aa?iooueny e o?aaeeoe iauanoao, ii oiaaea /ai ei?ieoue ethaeae. Auoiae a
oii /oiau i?eaioe?iaaoue IOI ia i?ei?eoao aoiaienoe/aneeo oeaeae.
61. Niaoeeoeea iao/iiai iiciaiey. Iniaaiiinoe no?oeoo?u iao/iiai
iiciaiey – aai noauaeoa, iauaeoa, oeaeae, n?aaenoa e iaoiaeia.
iao/iia iiciaiea, eae ana oi?iu aeooiaiiai i?iecaiaenoaa, a eiia/iii
n/aoa, iaiaoiaeeiu aeey oiai, /oiau ?aaoee?iaaoue /aeiaa/aneoth
aeayoaeueiinoue. ?acee/iua aeaeu iiciaiey ii ?aciiio auiieiytho yoo
?ieue, e aiaeec yoiai ?acee/ey yaeyaony ia?aui e iaiaoiaeeiui oneiaeai
aeey auyaeaiey iniaaiiinoae iao/iiai iiciaiey. Aeayoaeueiinoue iiaeao
auoue ?anniio?aia eae neiaeii i?aaieciaaiiay naoue ?acee/iuo aeoia
i?aia?aciaaiey iauaeoia, eiaaea i?iaeoeou iaeiie aeayoaeueiinoe
ia?aoiaeyo a ae?oaoth e noaiiayony aa eiiiiiaioaie. I?aaeiaoiay
no?oeoo?a aeayoaeueiinoe – acaeiiaeaenoaea n?aaenoa n i?aaeiaoii
aeayoaeueiinoe e i?aa?auaiea aai a i?iaeoeo aeaaiaea?y inouanoaeaieth
ii?aaeaeaiiuo iia?aoeee. Noauaeoiay no?oeoo?a aeeth/aao noauaeo
aeayoaeueiinoe , inouanoaeythuaai oeaeaiai?aaeaiiua aeaenoaey e
eniieuecothuaai aeey yoeo oeaeae ii?aaeaeaiiua n?aaenoaa
aeayoaeueiinoe. N iaeiie noi?iiu n?aaenoaa iiaoo auoue i?aaenoaaeaiiu a
ea/anoaa neonoaaiiuo i?aaiia /aiaa/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe, n ae?oaie,
iie iiaoo ?aniao?eaaoueny a ea/anoaa anoanoaaiiuo iauaeoia , eioi?ua
acaeiiaeaenoaotho n ae?oaeie iauaeoaie. Aeayoaeueiinoue anaaaea
?aaoee?oaony ii?aaeaeaiiuie oeaiiinoyie e oeaeyie. Oeaiiinoue ioaa/aao
ia aii?in “ Aeey /aai ioaeia oa eee eiay aeayoaeueiinoue” Oeaeue ia
aii?in “ /oi aeieaeii auoue iieo/aii a aeayoaeueiinoe?” Iu eiaai aeaei
n i?aaeiaoiie noi?iiie eciaiaiey /aeiaaeii i?e?iaeu , eiaaea a ooieoeee
i?aaeiaoiie aeayoaeueiinoe aunooiatho o?aaaiou i?e?iaeu, a anee a
ooieoeee aa i?aaeiaoia aunooiatho ethaee e naienoaa oi iu eiaai aeaei n
i?aaeiaoiie noi?iiie i?aeoeee , iai?aaeaiiie ia eciaiaiea nioeeaeueiuo
iauaeoia.. *aeiaae nyoie oi/ee c?aiey iiaeao aunooiaoue e eae noauaeo e
eae iauaeo i?aeoe/aneiai aeaenoaey.
Iaoea noaaeo eiia/iie oeaeueth i?aaeaeaeaoue i?ioeann i?aia?aciaaiey
i?aaeiaoia i?aeoe/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe ( iauaeo a enoiaeiii ninoiyiee)
a niioaaonoaothuea i?iaeoeou ( iauaeo a eiia/iii ninoiyiee) Iiyoiio
iniiaiay caaeaya iaoee – auyaeoue caeiiu , a niioaaonoaee n eioi?uie
eciaiythony e ?acaeaathony iauaeou. I?eaioaoeey iaoee ia eco/aiea
iauaeoia, eioi?ua iiaoo auoue aeeth/aiu a aeayoaeueiinoue , e eo
enneaaeaeiaaiey eae iiae/eiythueany iauaeoeaiui caeiiai
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey e ?acaeoey, ninoaaeytho ia?aoth, aeaaioth iniaaiinoue
iao/iiai iiciaiey., eioi?ay ioee/aao aa io ae?oaeo oi?i
iiciaaaoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe. Iaoea i?eaioe?iaaiia ia i?aaeiaoiia
iauaeoeaiia enneaaeiaaiea aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe.I?ioeann iao/iiai iiciaiey
iaoneiaeai ia oieueei iniaaiiinoyie eco/aaiiai iauaeoa , ii e
iiiai/eneaiiuie oaeoi?aie nioeeieoeueoo?iiai oa?aeoa?a. Iaoea a
/aeiaa/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe auaeaeyao oieueei aa i?aaeiaoioth
no?oeoo?o e ana ?anniao?eaaao oieueei neaicue i?ecio yoie no?oeoo?u.
Iaoea iiaeao enneaaeiaaoue ethaua oaiiiaiu aeecie /aeiaaea e aai
ninoiyiey, iia iiaeao enneaaeaeiaaoue e aeayoaeueiinoue e /aeiaa/aneoth
ineoeeo, e eoeueoo?o. ii oieueei iiae iaeiei oaeii c?aiey – eae iniaua
i?aaeiaou, eioi?ua iiae/eiythony iauaeoeaiui caeiiai. Noauaeoeaioth
no?oeoo?o aeayoaeueiinoe iaoea oiaea eco/aao ii eae iniaue iauaeo..
Oaeei ia?aci iaoea iiaeao eco/aoue ana a /aeiaa/aneii ie?a ii a iniaii
?aeo?na e n iniaie oi/ee c?aiey, iaoea ia iiaeao caiaieoue niaie anao
oi?i iiciaiey ie?a , anae eoeueoo?u, e ana /oi oneieuecaao ec aa iiey
c?aiey . eiiiaine?otho ae?oaea oi?iu iinoeaeaiey aeooiaiiai ie?a. Iaoea
eiaao nenoaio ioee/eoaeueiuo i?eciaeia iao/iiai iiciaiey io
iauaeaiiiai : 1) onoaiiaea ia enneaaeiaaiey caeiiia i?aia?aciaaiey
iauaeoia e ?aaeecothuay yoo onoaiiaeo i?aaeiaoiinoue e iauaeoeaiinoue
iao/iuo ciaiee 2) auoiae iaoee ca ?aiee i?aaeiaoiuo no?oeoo?
i?iecaiaenoaa e iauaeaiiiai iiuoa e eco/aia aai iauaeoia ioiineoaeueii
iacaaeneii io naaiaeiaoieo aiciiaeiinoae eo i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai
inaiaiey.
62. Iaoea eae nioeeaeueiue einoeooo.
Aiai?y i nia?aiaiiie iaoea a a? acaeiiaeaenoaeyie n ?acee/iuie noa?aie
aeecie /aeiaaea e iauanoaa, iiaeii auaeaeeoue o?e a?oiiu auiieiyaiuo a?
nioeeaeueiuo ooieoeee: 1) ooieoeee eoeueoo?ii-ie?iaicc?ai/aneea, 2)
ooieoeee iaoee eae iaiin?aaenoaaiiie i?iecaiaeeoaeueiie neeu e 3) a?
ooieoeee eae nioeeaeueiie neeu, naycaiiie n oai. /oi iao/iua ciaiey e
iaoiaeu iuia an? oe?a eniieuecothony i?e ?aoaiee naiuo ?acee/iuo
i?iaeai, aicieeathueo a oiaea iauanoaaiiiai ?acaeoey.
Iiiai a?aiaie iio?aaiaaeinue aeey oiai, /oiau i?aaeeaaaaiua iaoeie
ioaaou ia aii?inu noaee yeaiaioaie iauaai ia?aciaaiey. Aac yoiai iao/iua
i?aaenoaaeaiey ia iiaee i?aa?aoeoueny a ninoaaioth /anoue eoeueoo?u
iauanoaa. Iaeiia?aiaiii n yoei i?ioeannii aicieeiiaaiey e oe?aieaiey
eoeueoo?ii-ie?iaicc?ai/aneeo ooieoeee iaoee caiyoea iaoeie iinoaiaiii
noaiiaeeinue a aeacao iauanoaa naiinoiyoaeueiie e aiieia aeinoieiie,
?aeniaeoaaaeueiie noa?ie /aeiaa/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe. O.a. i?ienoiaeeei
oi?ie?iaaiea iaoee eae nioeeaeueiiai einoeoooa a no?oeoo?a iauanoaa.
Aaaeiie noi?iiie i?aa?auaiey iaoee a i?iecaiaeeoaeueioth neeo yaeeinue
nicaeaiea e oii?yaei/aiea iinoiyiiuo eaiaeia aeey i?aeoe/aneiai
eniieueciaaiey iao/iuo ciaiee, iiyaeaiea oaeeo io?aneae aeayoaeueiinoe
eae i?eeeaaeiua enneaaeiaaiey e ?ac?aaioee, nicaeaiea naoae
iao/ii-oaoie/aneie eioi?iaoeee e ae?. I?e/?i aneaae ca i?iiuoeaiiinoueth
oaeea eaiaeu aicieeatho e a ae?oaeo io?aneyo iaoa?eaeueiiai
i?iecaiaenoaa e aeaaea ca aai i?aaeaeaie. An? yoi aea/?o ca niaie
cia/eoaeueiua iineaaenoaey e aeey iaoee e aeey i?aeoeee. Aaaeiu ooieoeee
iaoee eae nioeeaeueiie neeu a ?aoaiee aeiaaeueiuo i?iaeai nia?aiaiiinoe.
Aic?anoathuay ?ieue iaoee a iauanoaaiiie aeecie ii?iaeeea a? iniaue
noaoon a nia?aiaiiie eoeueoo?a e iiaua /a?ou a? acaeiiaeaenoaey n
?acee/iuie neiyie iauanoaaiiiai niciaiey. a yoie nayce ino?i noaiiaeony
i?iaeaia iniaaiiinoae iao/iiai iiciaiey e niioiioaiey n ae?oaeie oi?iaie
iiciaaaoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe. Yoa i?iaeaia a oiaea a?aiy eiaao
aieueooth i?aeoe/aneoth cia/eiinoue. Iniuneaiea niaoeeoeee iaoee
yaeyaony iaiaoiaeeiie i?aaeiinueeie aiaae?aiey iao/iuo iaoiaeia a
oi?aaeaiea eoeueoo?iuie i?ioeannaie. Iii iaiaoiaeeii e aeey iino?iaiey
oai?ee oi?aaeaiey naiie iaoeie a oneiaeyo ?acaeoey IO? iineieueeo
auyniaiea caeiiiia?iinoae iao/iiai iiciaiey o?aaoao aiaeeca aai
nioeeaeueiie iaoneiaeaiiinoe e aai acaeiiaeaenoaey n ?acee/iuie
oaiiiaiaie aeooiaiie e iaoa?eaeueiie eoeueoo?u.
63. Aicieeiiaaiea (aaiacen) iaoee. I?iaeaia aa?iiioeaio?ecia.
A enoi?ee oi?ie?iaaiey e ?acaeoey iaoee iiaeii auaeaeeoue aeaa noaaeee,
eioi?ua niioaaonoaotho aeaoi ?acee/iui iaoiaeai iino?iaiey ciaiea e
aeaoi oi?iai i?iaiice?iaaiey ?acoeueoaoia aeayoaeueiinoe. Ia?aay noaaeey
oa?aeoa?ecoao ca?iaeaeathuothny iaoeo (i?aaeiaoeo), aoi?ay – iaoeo a
nianoaaiiii niunea neiaa. Ca?iaeaeathuayny iaoea eco/aao i?aeiouanoaaiii
oa aaue e niiniau eo eciaiaiey, n eioi?uie /aeiaae iiiaie?aoii
noaeeeaaeny a i?iecaiaenoaa e iauaeaiiii iiuoa. Ii no?aieeny iino?ieoue
iiaeaee oaeeo eciaiaiee n oai, /oiau i?aaeaeaeaoue ?acoeueoaou
i?aeoe/aneiai aeaenoaey. Ia?aie i?aaeiinueeie auei eco/aiea aauae,
naienoa e ioiioaiee, auaeaeaiiuo naiie i?aeoeeie. Yoe aaue, naienoaa e
ioiioaiey oeene?iaaeenue a iiciaiee a oi?ia eaeaaeueiuo iauaeoia,
eioi?uie iuoeaiea ia/eiaei iia?e?iaaoue. Yoa aeayoaeueiinoue iuoeaiey
oi?ie?iaaeanue ia iniiaa i?aeoeee e i?aaenoaaeyea niaie
eaeaaeece?iaaiioth noaio i?aeoe/aneeo i?aia?aciaaiee iaoa?eaeueiuo
i?aaeiaoia. Niaaeeiyy eaeaaeueiua iauaeou n niioaaonoaothueie
iia?aoeeyie eo i?aia?aciaaiey, ?aiiyy iaoea no?ieea oaeei iooai noaio
oao eciaiaiee, eioi?ua iiaee auoue inouanoaeaiu a i?iecaiaenoaa aeaiiie
eiie?aoiie enoi?e/aneie yiioe (i?eaaaeaiea a iaoaiaoeea ae?. Aaeioa).
Niinia iino?iaiey ciaiee iooai aano?aae?iaaiey e noaiaoecaoeee
i?aaeiaoiuo ioiioaiee iaee/iie i?aeoeee iaania/eaae i?aaeneacaiea aa
?acoeueoaoia a a?aieoeao oaea neiaeeaoeony niiniaia i?aeoe/aneiai
inaiaiey ie?a. Iaeiaei ii ia?a ?acaeoey iiciaiey e i?aeoeee ia?yaeo n
ioia/aiiui niiniaii a iaoea oi?ie?oaony iiaue niinia iino?iaiey ciaiee.
Ii ciaiaioao ia?aoiae e nianoaaiii iao/iiio enneaaeiaaieth i?aaeiaoiuo
naycae ie?a. Anee ia yoaia i?aaeiaoee eae ia?ae/iua eaeaaeueiua iauaeou,
oae e eo ioiioaiey, auaiaeeeenue iaiin?aaenoaaiii ec i?aeoeee e eeoue
caoai aioo?e nicaeaiiie nenoaiu ciaiey oi?ie?iaaeenue iiaua eaeaaeueiua
iauaeou, oi aeaeaa iiciaiea aeaeaao neaaeothuee oaa. Iii ia/eiaao
no?ieoue ooiaeaiaio iiaie nenoaiu ciaiey eae au “naa?oo” ii ioiioaieth e
?aaeueiie i?aeoeea e eeoue iinea yoiai, iooai ?yaea iiin?aaeiaaiee,
i?iaa?yao nicaeaiiua ec eaeaaeueiuo iauaeoia eiino?oeoeee, niiinoaaeyy
eo n i?aaeiaoiuie ioiioaieyie i?aeoeee.
I?e oaeii iaoiaea enoiaeiua eaeaaeueiua iauaeou /a?iathony oaea ia ec
i?aeoeee, a caeinoaothony ec ?aiaa neiaeeaoeony nenoai ciaiey e
i?eiaiythony a ea/anoaa no?ieoaeueiiai iaoa?eaea i?e oi?ie?iaaiee iiauo
ciaiee. Yoe iauaeou iia?oaeathony a iniaoth naoue ioiioaiee, no?oeoo?o,
eioi?ay caeinoaoaony ec ae?oaie iaeanoe ciaiey, aaea iia
i?aaeaa?eoaeueii iainiiauaaaony a ea/anoaa noaiaoece?iaaiiiai ia?aca
i?aaeiaoiuo no?oeoo? aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe. Niaaeeiaiea enoiaeiuo
eaeaaeueiuo iauaeoia n iiaie “naoeie ioiioaiee” niiniaii ii?iaeeoue
iiaoth nenoaio ciaiee, a ?aieao eioi?ie iiaoo iaeoe ioia?aaeaiea
nouanoaaiiua /a?ou ?aiaa ia eco/aiiuo noi?ii aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe. I?yiia
eee einaaiiia iainiiaaiea aeaiiie nenoaiu i?aeoeeie i?aa?auaao aa a
aeinoiaa?iia ciaiea.
Aeaaiaea?y iiaiio iaoiaeo iino?iaiey ciaiee iaoea iieo/aao aiciiaeiinoue
eco/eoue ia oieueei oa i?aaeiaoiua nayce, eioi?ua iiaoo ano?aoeoueny a
neiaeeaoeony noa?aioeiao i?aeoeee, ii e i?iaiaeece?iaaoue eciaiaiey
iauaeoia, eioi?ua a i?eioeeia iiaea au inaieoue ?acaeaathuayny
oeeaeeecaoeey. N yoiai iiiaioa eii/aaony yoai i?aaeiaoee e ia/eiaaony
iaoea a nianoaaiiii niunea. A iae ia?yaeo n yiie?e/aneeie i?aaeeaie e
caaeneiinoyie oi?ie?oaony iniaue oei ciaiey – oai?ey, iicaieythuay
iieo/eoue yiie?e/aneea caaeneiinoe eae neaaenoaea ec oai?aoe/aneeo
iinooeaoia. Iaiyaony e eaoaai?eaeueiue noaoon ciaiee – iie iiaoo
niioiineoueny oaea ia oieueei n inouanoaeaiiui iiuoii, ii e n
ea/anoaaiii eiie i?aeoeeie aoaeouaai, a iiyoiio no?iyony a eaoaai?eyo
aiciiaeiiai e iaiaoiaeeiiai. Ciaiey oaea ia oi?ioee?othony oieueei eae
i?aaeienaiey aeey iaee/iie i?aeoeee, iie aunooiatho eae ciaiey ia
iauaeoao ?aaeueiinoe “naiie ii naaa”, e ia eo iniiaa au?aaaouaaaony
?aoeaioo?a aoaeouaai i?aeoe/aneiai eciaiaiey iauaeoia. Iineieueeo
iao/iia iiciaiea i?eaioe?oaony ia iiene i?aaeiaoiuo no?oeoo?, eioi?ua ia
iiaoo auoue auyaeaiu a iauaeaiiie i?aeoeea e i?iecaiaenoaaiiie
aeayoaeueiinoe, iii oaea ia iiaeao ?acaeaaoueny, iie?aynue oieueei ia
yoe oi?iu i?aeoeee. Aicieeaao iio?aaiinoue a inaie oi?ia i?aeoeea –
yenia?aiaioa.
Ia?aoiae e iaoea a nianoaaiiii niunea neiaa aue naycai n aeaoiy
ia?aeiiiuie ninoiyieyie ?acaeoey eoeueoo?u e oeeaeeecaoeee. Ai-ia?auo, n
eciaiaieyie a eoeueoo?a aioe/iiai ie?a, eioi?ua iaania/eee i?eiaiaiea
iao/iiai iaoiaea a iaoaiaoeea e auaaeeaa ia o?iaaiue oai?aoe/aneiai
enneaaeiaaiey, ai-aoi?uo, n eciaiaieyie a aa?iiaeneie eoeueoo?a,
i?iecioaaeoeie a yiioo aic?iaeaeaiey e ia?aoiaeo e Iiaiio a?aiaie,
eiaaea nianoaaiii iao/iue niinia iuoeaiey noae aeinoiyieai
anoanoaiciaiey. Iao?oaeii oaeaeaoue, /oi ?a/ue eaeao i oao iooaoeeyo a
eoeueoo?a, eioi?ua iaania/eaaee a eiia/iii eoiaa noaiiaeaiea oaoiiaaiiie
oeeaeeecaoeee.
64. Yiie?e/aneee e oai?aoe/aneee o?iaie iao/iiai ciaiey, eo
acaeiinaycue.
A no?oeoo?a iao/iiai ciaiey auaeaeytho i?aaeaea anaai aeaa o?iaiy ciaiey
– yiie?e/aneee e oai?aoe/aneee. Ei niioaaonoaotho aeaa acaeiinaycaiiuo,
ii a oi aea a?aiy niaoeeoe/aneeo aeaea iiciaaaoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe:
yiie?e/an eia e oai?aoe/aneia enneaaeiaaiea. I?eiaieoaeueii e
iiciaaaoaeueiiio i?ioeanno a oeaeii, eiay a aeaeo ia oieueei iao/iia
iiciaiea, /aua anaai aiai?yo i /oanoaaiiie e ?aoeeiiaeueiuo nooiaiyo
iiciaiey. Eaoaai?ee “/oanoaaiiia” e “?aoeeiiaeueiia”, n iaeiie noi?iiu,
e “yiie?e/aneia” e “oai?aoe/aneia”,n ae?oaie, aeinoaoi/ii aeecee ii
niaea?aeaieth, ioiaeaeanoaeyoue eo iaeuecy. Oae yii iic ieeiaaea ia
iiaeao auoue naaaeaii oieueei e /enoie /oanoaeoaeueiinoe. Aeaaea
ia?ae/iue neie yiie?e/aneeo ciaiee – aeaiiua iaaethaeaiee – anaaaea
oeene?othony a ii?aaeaeaiiii ycuea; i?e/ai yoi ycue, eniieuecothuee ia
oieueei iauaeaiiua iiiyoey, ii e iao/iua oa?ieiu. Yii iiciaiea
i?aaeiieaaaao oi?ie?iaaiea ia iniiaa aeaiiuo iaaethaeaiey – iao/iiai
oaeoa. Iao/iue oaeo aicieeaao eae ?acoeueoao i/aiue neiaeiie ia?aaioee
aeaiiuo iaaethaeaiee: eo iniuneaiey, iiieiaiey, eioa?i?aoaoeee. A yoii
niunea ethaua oaeou iaoee i?aaenoaaeytho niaie acaeiiaeaenoaea
/oanoaaiiiai e ?aoeeiiaeueiiai. Oai?aoe/aneia iiciaiea oaeaea ia
i?aaenoaaeyao /enoia ?aoeeiiaeueiia iiciaiea, iineieueeo iaaethaeaaony
ia?aieaoaiea /oanoaaiiiai e ?aoeeiiaeueiiai. Oi?iu ?aoe-iai iiciaiey
(iiiyoey, noaeaeaiey, oiicaeeth/aiey) aeiieie?otho a i?ioeanna
oai?aoe/aneiai inaiaiey aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe. Ii i?e iino?iaiee oai?ee
eniieuecothony oaeaea e iaaeyaeiua iiaeaeueiua i?aaenoaaeaiey, eioi?ua
yaeythony oi?iaie /oanoaaiiiai iiciaiey, eai i?aaenoaaeaiey, eae e
aini?eyoea, ioiinyony e oi?iai aeeaiai nica?oeaiey. Aeaaea neiaeiua e
auniei iaoaiaoece?iaaiiua oai?ee aeeth/atho a naie ninoaa i?aaenoaaeaiey
oeia “eaeaaeueiue ?uiie”. Iiaeiaiua eaeaaeece?iaaiiua iauaeou yaeythony
iaaeyaeiuie iiaeaeueiuie ia?acaie (iaiauaiiuie /oanoaiaaieyie), n
eioi?uie i?iecaiaeyony iuneaiiua yenia?aiaiou. ?acoeueoao yoeo
yenia?eiaioia – auyniaiea oao nouiinoiuo naycae e ioiioaiee, eioi?ua
caoai oeene?othony a iiiyoeyo. O i, oai?ey anaaaea niaea?aeeo
/oanoaaiii-iaaeyaeiua eiiiiiaiou. Iiaeii aiai?eoue eeoue i oii, /oi ia
iecoeo o?iaiyo yiie?e/aneiai iiciaiey aeiieie?oao /oanoaaiiia, a ia
oai?aoe/aneii o?iaia — ?aoeeiiaeueiia.
?acee/ea yei e oai?ao o?iaiae neaaeoao inouanoaeyoue n o/aoii niaoeeoeee
iiciaaaoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe ia eaaeaeii ec yoeo o?iaiae. Iniiaiua
e?eoa?ee, ii eioi?ui ?acee/athony yoe o?iaie, neaaeothuea:
1) oa?aeoa? i?aaeiaoa enneaaeiaaiey. Yii e oai?ao enneaaeiaaiey iiaoo
iiciaaaoue iaeio iauaeoeaioth ?aaeueiinoue, ii aa aeaeaiea, aa
i?aaenoaaeaiea a ciaieyo aoaeoo aeaaaoueny ii ?aciiio. Yii enneaae-a a
iniiaa naiae i?eaioe?iaaii ia eco/aiea yaeaiee e caaeneiinoae i/o ieie.
Ia o?iaia yiia? iiciaiey nouiinoiua nayce ia auaeaeythony aua a /enoii
aeaea, ii iie eae au aunaa/eaathony a yaeaieyo. Ia o?iaia aea oai?ao
iiciaiey i?ienoiaeeo auaeaeaiea nouiinoiuo naycae a /enoii aeaea.
Nouiinoue iauaeoa i?aaenoaaeyao niaie acaeiiaeaenoaea ?yaea caeiiia,
eioi?ui iiae/eiyaony aeaiiue iauaeo. Caaea/a oai?ee – ainnicaeaoue ana
yoe ioiioaiey i/o caeiiaie e o i ?ane?uoue nouiinoue iauaeoa. Neaaeoao
?acee/aoue yiie?e/aneoth caaeneiinoue e oai?aoe/aneee caeii. Ia?aay
yaeyaony ?acoeueoaoii eiaeoeoeaiiai iaiauaiey iiuoa e i?aaenoaaeyao
niaie aa?iyoiinoii-enoeiiia ciaiea. Aoi?ia – yoi anaaaea ciaiea
enoeiiia. O i, yiie? eneaae eco/aao yaeaiey e eo ei??aeyoeee. A yoeo
ei??aeyoeeyo iii iiaeao oeiaeoue i?iyaeaiea caeiia, ii a /enoii aeaea ii
aeaaony oieueei a ?acoeueoaoa oai?aoe/aneiai enea-y. I?inoia
eiaeoeoeaiia iaiauaiea iiuoia ia aaaeao e oai?aoe/aneiio ciaieth. Oai?ey
ia no?ieony iooai eiaeoeoeaiiai iaiauaiey iiuoa.
2) oei i?eiaiyaiuo n?aaenoa enneaaeiaaiey. Yiie?-a ene-ea aace?oaony ia
iaiin?aaenoaaiiii i?aeoe/aneii acaeiiaeaenoaee enneaaeiaaoaey n
eco/aaiui iaueoii. Iiyoiio n?aaenoaa eiia? enneaaeiaaiey
iaiin?aaenoaaiii aeeth/atho a naaey i?eai?u, i?eai?iua onoaiiaee e
ae?oaea n?aaenoaa ?aaeueiiai iaaethaeaiey. A oai?ao ene-ee ionoonoaoao
iaiino?aaenoaaiiia i?aeoe/aneia acaeiiaeaenoaea n iauaeoaie. Ia yoii
o?iaia iauaeo iiaeao eco/aoueny oieueei iiin?aaeiaaiii, a iuneaiiii
yenia?eiaioa, ii ia a ?aaeueiii. E?iia n?aaenoa naycaiiuo n
yenia?aiaioaie i?eiaiythony e iiiyoeeiua n?aaenoaa, a eioi?uo
acaeiiaeaenoaotho yiia?e/aneea n?aaenoaa e oa?ieiu oai?aoe/ ycuea.
Niuneii yiie?e/aneeo oa?ieiia yaeythony iniaua aano?aeoeee, eioi?ua
iiaeii auei au iacaaoue yiie?e/aneeie iauaeoaie (?aaeueiua iauaeou n
aeanoei oeene?iaaiiuie i?eciaeaie). Iniiaiua n?aaenoaa oai?ao enneaae-y
– oai?aoe/aneea eaeaaeueiua iauaeou. Yoi iniaua aano?aeoeee a e-uo
caeeth/ai niune oai?aoe/aneeo oa?ieiia (eaeaaeueiue oiaa?).
3) iniaaiiinoe iaoiaea. Iaoiaeu yiie?e/aneiai enneaaeiaaiey – ?aaeueiue
yenia?aiaio e iaaethaeaia. Oai?aoe/aneea – iaoiae iino?iaiey
eaeaaeece?iaaiiiai iauaeoa, iuneaiiue yenia?eiaio n eaeaaeec-ie
iauaeoaie, iaoiaeu iino?iaiey oai?ee ( iai? ainoiaeaeaiea io
aano?aeoiiai e eiie?aoiiio), iaoiaeu eiae/aneiai e enoi?e/aneia
enneaaeiaaiey e ae?.
A ?aaeueiie aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe yiie? e oai?ao iiciaiey anaaaea
acaeiiaeaenoaotho. Auaeaeaiea aea yoeo eaoaai?ee a ea/anoaa n?aaenoa
iaoiaeieiae/aneiai aiaeeca iicaieyao auynieoue, eae ono?iaii e eae
?acaeaaaony iao/iia ciaiea.
Yiie?e/aneee e oai?aoe/aneee o?iaie eiatho neiaeioth i?aaiecaoeeth. Ia
yiie?e/aneii o?iaia auaeaeytho iaaethaeaiey (ia?ae/iay eioi?iaoeey) e
oaeou (aeinoiaa?iay e iauaeoeaiay eioi?iaoeey iieo/aaiay a ?acoeueoaoa
ia?aaioee iaaethaeaiee, i?e yoii onoaiiaeaiea oaeoa o?aaoao i?eiaiaiey
oai?aoe/aneeo iieiaeaiee).
I?aaiecaoeey oai?aoe/aneiai o?iaiy ciaiee. 1. *anoiua oai?aoe/aneea
iiaeaee e caeiiu – oai?ee ioiinyueany e ia?aie/aiiie iaeanoe /aeaiee. 2,
?acaeoay oai?ey – iaiauathuay oai?aoe/aneay iiaeaeue, eioi?ay ioaaouaaao
ana /anoiua neo/ae, e i?eiaieoaeueii e iae oi?ioee?oaony iaeioi?ue iaai?
caeiiia, eioi?ua aunooiatho eae iaiauathuea ii ioiioaieth ei anai
/anoiui oai?aoe/aneei caeiiai.
65. Iniiaaiea iaoee : eaeaaeu e ii?iu iao/. enneaaeia…
Iao/iia iiciaiea ?aaoee?oaony eaeaaeaie e ii?iaoeaaie, a eioi?uo
au?aaeaiu i?aaenoaaeaiey i oeaeyo iao/iie aeayoaeueiinoe e niiniaao
eo aeinoeaeaiey. I aeie: N?aaee eaeaaeia e ii?i enneaaeiaaiey
auaeaeytho a) iiciaaaoaeueiua onoaiiaee . eioi?ua ?aaoee?otho i?ioeann
aini?iecaaaeaiey iauaeoa a ?acee/iuo oi?iao iao/iiai ciaiey a)
nioeeaeueiua ii?iaoeau , eioi?ua oeene?otho ?ieue iaoee e aa oeaiiinoue
aeey iauanoaaiiie aeecie ia ii?aaeaeaiii yoaia enoi?e/aneiai ?acaeoey,
oi?aaeytho i?ioeannii eiioieeaoeee enneaaeiaaoaeae, ioiioaieyie iao/iuo
niiauanoa e o/?aaeaeaiee ae?oa n ae?oaii e n ia-aii a oeaeii..
Iiciaaaoaeueiua eaeaaeu iaoe eiatho aeinoaoi/ii neiaeioth
i?aaiecaoeeth. auaeaeytho : 1) eaeaaeu e ii?iu iauyniaiey e iienaiey 2)
aeieacaoaeueiinoe e iainiiaaiiinoe ciaiee 3) iino?iaiey e i?aaiecaoeee
ciaiee. A niaieoiiinoe iie ia?acotho naiaia?acioth noaio iaoiaea
enneaaeiaaoaeueneie aeayoaeueiinoe, iaania/eaathuoth inaiaiea iauaeoia
ii?aaeaeaiiiai oeia. A niaea?aeaiee eaeaaeia e ii?i iao/iiai
enneaaeiaaiey auaeaeytho o?e o?iaiy: 1) i?aaenoaaeai i?eciaeaie ,
eioi?ua ioee/atho iaoeo io ae?oaeo oi?i iiciaiey 2) i?aaenoaaeai
enoi?e/aneeeciai/eauie onoaiiaeaie, eioi?ua oa?aeoa?ecotho noeeue
iuoeaiey, aeiieie?othuee a iaoea ia ii?aaeaeaiiii yoaia aa ?acaeoey 3)
a eioi?ii onoaiiaee aoi?iai o?iaiy eiie?aoece?othony i?eiaieoaeueii e
niaoeeoeea i?aaeiaoiie iaeanoe eaaeaeie iaoee.. Niaoeeoeea enneaaeoaiuo
iauaeoia iai?aiaiii neacuaaaony ia oa?aeoa?a eaeaaeia e ii?i iao/iiai
iiciaiey, e eaaeaeue iiaue oei nenoaiiie i?aaiecaoeee iauaeoia.
aiaeaeaaiue a enneaaeiaaoaeueneoth aeayoaeueiinoue, o?aaoao
o?ainoi?iaoeee eaeaaeia e ii?i iao/iie aeenoeeieeiu. Eaeaaeu e ii?iu
?aaoee?otho iino?iaiea ?acee/iuo oeiia oai?ee, inouanoaeaiea,
iaaethaeaiea e oi?ie?iaaiea yiie?e/aneeo oaeoia. I?ioeannu iino?iaiey e
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey iao/iuo ciaiee aeaiiino?e?otho eaeaaeu e ii?iu, a
niioaaonoaee n eioi?uie nicaeaaaeenue iao/iua ciaiey. a nenoaia oaeeo
ciaiee e niiniaia eo iino?iaiey aicieeatho naiaia?aciua yoaeiiiua
oi?iu , ia eioi?ua i?eaioe?oaony enneaaeiaaoaeue.
Aoi?ie aeie iniiaaiee iaoee ninoaaeyao iao/iay ea?oeia ie?a. A
?acaeoee nia?aiaiiuo iao/iuo aeenoeeieei iniaoth ?ieue ea?atho
iaiauaiiua noaiu – ia?acu i?aaeiaoa enneaaeiaaiey, iin?aaenoaii eioi?uo
oeene?othony iniiaiua nenoaiiua oa?aeoa?enoeee eco/aaiie ?aaeueiinoe.
Iaiauaiiay oa?aeoa?enoeea i?aaeiaoa enneaaeiaaiey aaiaeeony a ea?oeia
?aaeueiinoe iin?aaenoaii i?aaenoaaeaiee 1) i ooiaeaiaioaeueiuo
iauaeoao, ec eioi?uo iieaaathony iino?iaiiuie ana ae?oaea iauaeou,
eco/aaiua niioaaonoaothuae iaoeie 2) i oeiieiaee eco/aaiuo iauaeoia 3)
ia iaueo caeiiiia?iinoyo eo acaeiiaeaenoaey 4) i i?ino?ainoaaiii –
a?aiaiie no?oeoo?a ?aaeueiinoe. Ana yoe i?aaenoaaeaiey iiaoo auoue
iienaiu a nenoaia iioieiae/aneeo i?eioeeiia, eioi?ua aunooiatho eae
iniiaaiea iao/iuo oai?ee niioaaonoaothuae aeenoeeieeiu. Eaaeaeay ec ec
eiie?aoii- enoi?e/aneeo oi?i ea?oeiu enneaaeoaiie ?aaeueiinoe iiaeao
?aaeeciauaaoueny a ?yaea iiaeeoeeaoeee, au?aaeathueo iniiaiua yoaiu
?acaeoey iao/iuo ciaiee. ea?oeia ?aaeueiinoe iaania/eaaao
nenoaiaoecaoeeth ciaiee a ?aieao niioaaonoaothuae iaoee. N iae naycaiu
?acee/iua oeiu oai?ee iao/iie aeenoeeieeiu, a oae aea iiuoiua oaeou,
ia eioi?ua iie?aaony e n eioi?uie aeieaeiu auoue niaeaniaaiiu i?eioeeiu
ea?oeiu ?aaeueiinoe. Naycue ea?oeiu ie?a n neooaoeeyie ?aaeueiiai
iiuoa io/aoeeai i?iyaeyaony, eiaaea iaoea ia/eiaao eco/aoue iauaeou ,
aeey eioi?uo aua ia nicaeaii oai?ee e eioi?ua enneaaeothony
yiie?e/aneeie iaoiaeaie. e?iia iaiin?aaenoaaiiie nayce n iiuoii
ea?oeia ie?a eiaao n iei iiin?aaeiaaiiua nayce /a?ac iniiaaiea
oai?ee, eioi?ua ia?acotho oai?eoe/aneea noaiu e noi?ioee?iaaiiua
ioiineoaeueii ieo caeiiu. Ea?oeio ie?a iiaeii ?anniao?eaaoue a ea/anoaa
iaeioi?ie oai?aoe/aneie iiaeaee enneaaeoaiie ?aaeueiinoe. ii yoa
iiaeaeue ioee/aaony io iiaeaeae eiie?aoiuo oai?ee : 1) ia iaeio e oo
aea ea?oeio ie?a iiaeao iie?aoueny iiiaeanoai oai?ee 2) niaoeeaeueioth
ea?oeio ie?a iiaeii ioee/eoue io oai?aoe/aneeo noai . aiaeece?oy
ia?acothuea eo aano?aeoeee Eaeaeueiua iauaeou , ia?acothuea ea?oeio ie?a
, e aano?aeoiua iauaeou , ia?acothuea a naieo naycyo oai?aoe/aneoth
noaio, eiatho ?aciue noaoon.
O?aoee aeie iniiaaiey iaoee – oeeinioneee, inouanoaeyaony iin?aaenoaii
oeeinioneeo eaeae e i?eioeeiia, eioi?ua iainiiauaatho iioieiae/aneea
iinooeaou iaoee a oaeaea aa eaeaaeu e ii?iu. A ooiaeaiaioaeueiuo
iaeanoyo eneaaeiaaiee ?acaeoay iaoea eiaao aeaei n iauaeoaie, ie a
i?iecaiaenoaa ie a iauaeaiiii iiuoa aua ia inaiaiiuie, iiyoiio iao/iua
ea?oeiu ie?a ia oieueei a ia?eiae eo oi?ie?iaaiey ii e a iineaaeothuea
ia?eiaeu ia?ano?ieee ioaeaeathony a naiaia?aciie noueiaea n
ainiiaenoaothuei ie?iaic?aieai oie eee eiie yiioe.. Oaeoth noueiaeo
iaania/eaaao oeeinioneia iniiaaiea iaoee., iaoea eniieuecoao a ea/anoaa
iainiiauaathueo no?oeoo? eeoue iaeioi?ua eaeae e i?eioeeiu. A
aaoa?iaaiiinoe oeeinioneeo iniiaaiee auaeaeytho aeaa acaeiinaycaiiua
iiaenenoaiu : ioieiae/aneoth, i?aaenoaaeaiioth naoeie eaoaai?ee,
eioi?ua neoaeao iao?eoeae iiieiaiey e iiciaiey enneaaeoaiuo iauaeoia, e
ai aoi?uo – yienoaiieiae/aneoth, au?aaeaiioth eaoaai?aeueiuie noaiaie,
eioi?ua oa?aeoa?ecotho iiciiaaoaeueiua i?ioeannu e eo ?acoeueoao. Iaa
iiaenenoaiu enoi?e/anee ?acaeaeaathony a caaeneiinoe io oeiia iauaeoia
, eioi?ua inaaeaaao iaoea e io yaiethoeee ii?iaoeaiuo no?oeoo?,
iaania/eaathueo inaiaiea yoeo iauaeoia.
66. I?iaeaia, aeiioaca e oai?ey eae oi?iu ?acaeoey iao/iiai ciaiey.
Inaaeaay aeaenoaeoaeueiinoue naiuie ?aciiia?aciuie iaoiaeaie, iao/iia
ciaiea i?ioiaeeo ?aciua yoaiu. Eaaeaeiio ec ieo niioaaonoaoao
ii?aaeaeaiiay oi?ia ?acaeoey ciaiee. Iniiaiuie ec yoeo oi?i yaeythony
oaeo, oai?ey, i?iaeaia (caaea/a), aeiioaca, i?ia?aiia.
I?iaeaiaie iacuaatho aaaeiua a i?aeoe/aneii eee oai?aoe/aneii ioiioaiee
caaea/e, niiniau ?aoaiey eioi?uo iaecaanoiu eee ecaanoiu ia iieiinoueth.
I?iaeaiu auaatho:
1. ia?acaeoua – yoi caaea/e, e-?ua oa?aeoa?ecothony neaae /a?oaie: a)
yoi ianoaiaea?oiay caaea/a, aeey ?aoaiey eioi?ie ia ecaanoai aeai?eoi,
a) caaea/a, e-?ay aicieeea eae caeiiiia?iue ?acoeueoao iiciaiey, a)
caaea/a – ?aoaiea e-?ie iai?aa-ii ia ono?aiaiea i?ioeai?a/ey, aicieeoaai
a iiciaiee, a oaeaea ia ono?aiaiea ianiioaaonoaey i/o iio?aaiinoyie e
iaee/eai n?aaenoa aeey eo oaeiaeaoai?aiey, a) caaea/a, iooae ?aoaiey
e-ie ia aeaeii.
2. Caaea/a eioi?ay oa?-ny o?aiy ia?auie ec oeacaiiuo auoa /a?o, a oae
aea niaea?aeeo aieaa eee iaiaa eiie?aoiua oeacaiey ia iooe ?aoaiey,
iacua-ny ?acaeoie i?iaeaiie. Nianoaaiii i?iaeaiu aeaeyony ia aeaeu ii
noaiaie eiie?aoiinoe oeacaiey ia iooe eo ?aoaiey. O i ?acaeoay i?iaeaia
– yoi ciaiea i iaeioi?ii ia ciaiee, aeiiieiaiiia ii?aaeaeaiiui oeacaieai
iooae ono?aiaiey yoiai iaciaiey.
Oi?ioee?iaea i?iaeaiu aeeth/aao o?e /anoe: (1) nenoaio ooaa?aeaeaiee
(aeaii); (2) aii?in eee iiaoaeaeaiea (iaeoe); (3) nenoaio oeacaiee ia
aiciiaeiua iooe ?aoaiey. A oi?ioee?iaea ia ?acaeoie i?iaeaiu iineaaeiyy
/anoue ionoonoaoao.
I?iaeaia eae i?ioeann ?acaeoey ciaiey ninoieo ec ianeieueeeo nooiaiae:
1) oi?ie?iaaiea ia?acaeoie i?iaeaiu; 2) ?acaeoea i?iaeaiu – oi?ie?iaaiea
?acaeoie i?iaeaiu iooai iinoaiaiiie eiie?aoecaoeee iooae aa ?aoaiey; 3)
?aoaiea (eee onoaiiaeaiea ia?ac?aoeiinoe) i?iaeaiu.
Aeiioaca (a?a/ – i?aaeiieiaeaiea). Ia/eiay enneaaeiaaiea /aeiaae
auaeaeaaao i?aaeiieiaeaiea i aai ?acoeueoaoao, o a aeaeeo aeaeaaiue
?acoeueoao a ia/aea enneaaeiaaiey. I?aaeiieiaeaiey, iicaieythuea
?ac?aaioaoue ieai enneaaeiaaiey, iacuaathony aeiioacaie. Aeiioecie
iacuaatho oaeaea i?ioeann iiciaiey, e-?ue caeeth/aaony a auaeaeaeaiee
yoiai i?aaeiieiaeaiey. O i aeiioacie iacuaatho iniaiai ?aaea ciaiea
(iainiiaaiiia i?aaeiieiaeaiea i i?e/eiao yaeaiey, i iaaethaeaaiuo naycyo
i/o yaeaieyie e o.ae., a oaeaea iniaue i?ioeann ?acaeoey ciaiey (yoi
i?ioeann iiciaiey, caeeth/athueeny a auaeaeaeaiee i?aaeiieiaeaiey, aai
iainiiaaiey (iaiieiii) e aeieacaoaeuenoaa eee ii?iaa?aeaiee). A
iineaaeiai i?ioeanna auaeaeytho aeaa nooiaie:
1. ?acaeoea i?aaeiieiaeaiey. 1 yoai – auaeaeaeaiea i?aaeiieiaeaiey, ia
iniiaa aiaeiaee, iaiieiie eiaeoeoeee e o ae (iai? ii aiaeiaee n niei
nenoaiie auea nicaeaia ieaiaoa?iay iiaeaeueaoiia), ii yoi ia aeiioaca, a
nei?aa aeiaaaeea, iineieueeo iii ia iainiiaaii. 2 yoai – iauyniaiea n
iiiiuueth auaeaeiooiai i?aaeiieiaeaiey anao eiathueony oaeoia, e-?ua
aeiioaca i?ecaaia iauynieoue, i?aaeneacaoue e o ae. – oao oaeoia e-?ua
aua ia i?eieiaeenue a o/ao, eee auee ioe?uou iinea auaeaeaeaiey
aeiioacu. E?iia yoeo yoaiia aeey oiai /oiau i?aaeiieiaeaiea i?eia?aei
noaoon aeiioacu, iaiaoiaeeii iaania/eoue oiaeaoai?yaiinoue neaaeothuei
o?aaiaaieyi: (1) i?aaeiieiaeaiea ia aeieaeii auoue naiii?ioeai?a/eaui e
ia aeieaeii i?ioeai?a/eoue ooiaeaiaioaeueiui iieiaeaieyi iaoee. A
iineaaeiai neo/aa iieacii iiaeaa?aiooue niiiaieth ooiaeaiaioaeueiia
iieiaeaiea. (2) i?aaeiieiaeaiea aeieaeii auoue i?eioeeieaeueii
i?iaa?yaiui. (3) i?aaei-a ia aeieaeii i?ioeai?a/eoue ?aiaa onoaiiaeaiiui
oaeoai, aeey iauyniaiey eioi?uo iii ia i?aaeiacia/aii. (4)
i?aaeiieiaeaiea aeieaeii auoue i?eeiaeeii e aiciiaeii aieaa oe?ieiio
e?oao yaeaiee, iooai auai?a iaeaieaa i?inoie aeiioacu (i?inoa oa a e-?ie
ionoonoaoth oaeoi?u, e-?ua aeiioaca aeieaeia iauynieoue, ii ia
iauyniyao). Yoi o?aaiaaiea ia aaniethoii. Iinea yoiai i?aaeiieiaeaiea
iiaeii n/eoaoue iainiiaaiiui (ia iieiinoueth), o a aeiioacie.
2. Aeieacaoaeuenoai e ii?iaa?aeaiea aeiioac. I?inoua aeiioacu i
nouanoaiaaiee yaeaiee e i?aaeiaoia aeieacuaathony eee ii?iaa?aathony
iooai iaia?oaeaiey eo eee onoaiiaeaiey eo ionoonoaey. Iaeaieaa
?ani?ino?aiaiiui niiniaii ii?iaa?aeaiey neiaeiuo aeiioac, iniaaiii
aeiioac, iauyniythueo nayce i/o yaeaieyie, yaeyaony ii?iaa?aeaiea
iin?aaenoaii i?eaaaeaiey e aano?aeo, aeiiieiaiiia i?iaa?eie neaaenoaee
iiuoiui eee i?aeoe/aneei iooai (iai? ia?aciaaiea iciiiauo aeu?). I?e
yoii ii?iaa?aeaiee ec aeiioacu auaaeyony neaaenoaey e-?ua
niiinoaaeythony n aeaenoaeoaeueiinoueth. Aeiioacu iiaoo ii?iaa?aaoueny
iooai aeieacaoaeuenoa aooaa?aeaeaiey, yaeythuaainy io?eoeaieai aeiioacu.
Iaeiei ec niiniaia aeieacaoaeuenoaa aeiioac yaeyaony ii?iaa?aeaiea anao
aiciiaeiuo i?aaeiieiaeaiee e?iia iaeiiai.
Oai?ey – yoi aeinoiaa?iia (a aeeaeaeoe/aneii niunea) ciaiea ia
ii?aaeaeaiiie iaeanoe aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe, i?aaenoaaeythuaa niaie nenoaio
iiiyoee e ooaa?aeaeaiee e iicaieythuaa iauyniyoue e i?aaeneacuaaoue
yaeaiey ec aeaiiie iaeanoe.
Ia ana oeeiniou n/eoatho /oi aeinoiaa?iinoue yoi iaiaoiaeeiue i?eciae
oai?ee. A nayce n yoei auaeaeytho aeaa iiaeoiaea. I?aaenoaaeoaee ia?aiai
iiaeoiaea anee e ioiiny e oai?eyi eiioeaioeee, eioi?ua iiaoo ieacaoueny
ia aeinoiaa?iuie, oi ana aea n/eoatho, /oi caaea/a iaoee – nicaeaiea
enoeiiuo oai?ee. I?aaenoaaeoaee ae?oaiai iiaeoiaea n/eoatho, /oi oai?ee
ia yaeythony io?aaeaieai ?aaeueiie aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe. Oai?eth iie
iiieiatho eae eino?oiaio iiciaiey. Iaeia oai?ey eo/oa ae?oaie, anee iia
yaeyaony aieaa oaeiaiui eino?oiaioii iiciaiey. I?eieiay aeinoiaa?iinoue
ca ioee/eoaeueioth /a?oo oai?ee, iu ioa?aie/eaaai yoio aeae ciaiey io
aeiioacu.
O – yoi aunoay, naiay ?acaeoay i?aaiecaoeey iao/iuo ciaiee, eioi?ay
aeaao oeaeinoiia ioia?aaeaiea caeiiiia?iinoae iaeioi?ie noa?u
aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe e i?aaenoaaeyao niaie ciaeiaoth iiaeaeue yoie noa?u.
Yoa iiaeaeue no?ieoueny oaeei ia?acii, /oi iaeioi?ua ec aa
oa?aeoa?enoee, eioi?ua eiatho iaeaieaa iauoth i?e?iaeo, ninoaaeytho aa
iniiao, ae?oaea aea iiae/eiythony iniiaiui eee auaiaeyony ec ieo ii
eiae/aneei i?aaeeai. Iai?eia? no?iaia iino?iaiea aaiiao?ee Aaeeeaea
i?eaaei e nenoaia auneacuaaiee (oai?ai), eioi?ua iineaaeiaaoaeueii
auaaaeaiu ec iaiiiaeo ii?aaeaeaiee iniiaiuo iiiyoee e enoei, i?eiyouo
aac aeieacaoaeuenoa (aeneii). Iniaaiiinoueth oai?ee yaeyaony oi /oi iia
iaeaaeaao i?aaeneacaoaeueiie neeie. A oai?ee eiaaony iiiaeanoai
enoiaeiuo ooaa?aeaeaiee, ec eioi?uo eiae/aneeie n?aaenoaaie auaiaeyony
ae?oaea ooaa?aeaeaiey, o a a oai?ee aiciiaeii iieo/aiea iaeieo ciaiee ec
ae?oaeo aac iaiin?aaenoaaiiiai ia?auaiey e aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe. O ia
oieueei iienuaaao ii?aaeaeaiiue e?oa yaeaiee, ii e aeaao ei iauyniaiea.
O yaeyaony n?aaenoaii aeaaeoeoeaiie e eiaeoeoeaiie nenoaiaoecaoeee
yiie?e/aneeo oaeoia. Iin?aaenoaii oai?ee iiaeii onoaiiaeoue
ii?aaeaeaiiua ioiioaiey i/o auneacuaaieyie i oaeoao, caeiiao e o.ae. a
oao neo/ayo, eiaaea aia ?aiie oai?ee oaeea ioiioaiey ia iaaethaeathony.
67. IAO*IIA IAUssNIAIEA, AAI NO?OEOO?A E INI. ?ACIIAEAeIINOE.
I?AAeNEACAIEA.
Iauyniaiea – aaaeiaeoay ooieoeey /ae iiciaiey, a /anoiinoe iao/iiai
enneaaeiaaiey, ninoiyuay a ?ane?uoee nouiinoe eco/aaiiai iauaeoa. A
?aaeueiie i?aeoeea enneaaeiaaiey I. inouanoayaony iooai iieaca oiai, /oi
iauyniyaiue iauaeo iiae/eiyaony ii?aaeaeaiiiio caeiio. Oai? iiciaiey
?acee/aao no?oeoo?iua iauyniaiey, ioaa/ ia aii?in, eae ono?iai iauaeo;
ooieoeeiiaeueiua iauyni – eae aeaenoaoao e ooieoeeiie?oao iauaeo;
i?e/eiiua – ii/aio aicieeei aeaiiia yaeaiea, ii/aio eiaiii aeaiiue iaai?
oaeoia i?eaae e oaeiio-oi neaaenoaeth. I?e yoii a i?ioe iauyni iu
eniieuecoai oaea eiathueany ciaiey aeey iauyni ae?oaeo. Ia?aoiae io
aieaa iaueo ciaiee e aieaa eiie?aoiui e yiie?e/aneei e ninoaaeyao
i?ioeaaeo?o iauyniaiey. Ciaiey, eio neoaeao iniiaaieai aeey iauyni
iacuaathony iauyniythueie. Ciaiey, eio eie iainiiauaathony –
iauyniyaiuie. A ea/anoaa iauyniythuaai iiaoo aunooiaoue eae cae oae e
ioaeaeueiua oaeou.
*oi aea aeaao iai i?ioeann iauyniaiey. Ii, ai-ia?auo, onoaiaaeeaaao
aieaa aeoaieea e i?i/iua nayce iaaeaeo ?ace nenoaiaie ciaiee. Ai-aoi?uo,
iicaeyao inou i?aaeaeaeaiea e i?aaeneacaiea aoaeoueo neooaoeee e
i?ioeannia.
I. iiaeao auoue ao?eaooeaiui, noanoaioeeiaeueiui, aaiaoe/aneei (a
/anoiinoe i?e/eiiui), eiio?aaaieoe/aneei (a /anoiinoe ooieoeeiiaeueiui),
no?oeoo?iui e o.ae. Ii naiaio iaoaiecio I. aeaeyo ia I. /a?ac
nianoaaiiue caeii e I. n iiiiuueth iiaeaee?iaaiea. I. oanii naycaii n
iienaieai, eae i?aaeei iniiauaaaony ia iai e, a naith i/a?aaeue,
ninoiaeyao aaco aeey iao/iiai i?aaeaeaeaiey. Iao/iia i?aaeaeaeaiea –
iniiauaathuaany ia iaiauaiee oai?aoe/aneeo e yenia?aiaioaeueiuo aeaiiuo
e o/aoa iauaeoeaiuo caeiiiia?iinoae ?acaeoey i?aaeneacaiea
iaiaaethaeaaiuo eee ia onoaiiaeaiiuo aua ia iiuoa yaeaiee i?e?iaeu e
iauanoaa. I.i. iiaeaoo auoue aeaiyeiai ?iaea: 1) ioiineo6aeueii
iaecaanoiuo, ia ca?aaeno?e?iaaiiuo a iiuoa, ii nouanoaothueo yaeaiee
(ianoi?iaeaeaiea); 2) ioiineoaeueii yaeaiee, eioi?ua aua oieueei
aeieaeiu aicieeiooue a aoaeouai i?e iaee/ee ii?aaeaeaiiuo oneiaee. I.i.
anaaaea iniiauaaaony ia ?ani?ino?aiaiee iiciaiuo caeiiia i?e?iaeu e
iauanoaa ia iaeanoue iaecaanoiuo eee ia aicieeathueo aua yaeaiee, aaea
aeaiiua caeiiu aeieaeiu nio?aiyoue neeo. I.i. iaecaaaeii niaea?aeeo e
yeaiaiou aa?iyoiinoiuo i?aaeiieiaeaiee, iniaaiii a ioiioaiee eiie?aoiuo
niauoee aoaeouaai e eo n?ieia. Yoi iaoneiaeaii aicieeiiaaieai a
i?ioeanna ?acaeoey ea/anoaaiii iiauo i?e/eiiuo naycae e aiciiaeiinoae,
ia nouanoaiaaaoeo ?aiaa. E?eoa?eai i?aaeeueiinoe I.i.a eiia/iii n/aoa
anaaaea yaeyaony i?aeoeea. Io?eoeaiea iauaeoeaiuo caeiiiia?iinoae
aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe aaaeao e io?eoeaieth I.i.
A eieaa “Eiaeea iuoeaiey” Iiiia? eceiaeee iiaeaeue iauyniaiey e
i?aaeaeaeaiey. “Aeaoue i?e/eiiia iauyniaiea niauoeth, – ienae Iiiia?, –
cia/eo aeaaeooee?iaaoue iieiaeaiea, iienuaathuaa aai eniieueciaaiea a
ea/anoaa iinueie aeaaeoeoeee iaeei eee aieaa oieaa?naeueiuo caeiiia
niaianoii n ii?aaeaeaiiuie iaeeii/iuie iieiaeaieyie – ia/aeueiuie
oneiaeyie”
Ionoue iaiaoiaeeii iauynieoue niauoea, naycaiiia n ?ac?uaii ieoe. Iii
iienuaaaony iin?aaenoaii aaeeie/iiai oaeooaeueiiai iieiaeaiey (E). 1)
Aeaiiay ieoue ?aci?aaeanue. Aeiionoei ecaanoii ae?oaia niauoea, /oi e
ieoe aue iiaeaaoai a?oc aanii 2 ea, oiaaea eae i?aaeae i?i/iinoe ?aaai 1
ea. Iineaaeiaa niauoea iiaeao auoue iienaii iin?aaenoaii oaeooaeueiiai
iieiaeaiey (N). Oaia?ue iouneeaaai i?e/eiii-neaaenoaaiiue caeii (C),
eio. oeene?oao, /oi niauoey oeia (N) anaaaea aucuaatho niauoea (A).
Anaaaea, anee ieoue iaa?oaeaia aanii, i?aauoathuei i?aaeae aa i?i/iinoe,
ieoue ?ac?uaaaony. Iiaeaeue iauyniaiey Iiiia?a yae-ny aeaaeoeoeaiie,
iaeiaei ieacuaaaony oaeiaie eeoue a eiioea, nai aea i?ioeann eiaao
nouanoaaiii oa?-?. Ii eae au ie auee aaaeiu i?e/eiiua iauyniaiey,
iai?aaiia?ii naiaeeoue ana oeiu iao/iiai iauyniaiey eeoue e i?e/eiiui.
Aeaaiue niune iauyniaiey ninoieo a iiaeaaaeaiee iauyniyaiiai iauaeoa
iiae eaeie-eeai caeii. Yoio oacen aue /aoei noi?ioee?iaai Eaioii:
“Iauyniaiea yaeaiey anoue onoaiiaeaiea naycae iaaeaeo ?acee/iuie
ioaeaeueiuie yaeaieyie e ianeieueeei iauei oaeoai (iao/iui caeiiai)”.
Eiioeaioeey iauyniaiey ?ac?aaaouaaeanue a iniiaiii ia iaoa?eaea
anoanoaaiiuo iaoe. Iaiaoiaeeii no?iai ?acaeaeyoue iaoee i i?e?iaea e
iaoee i aeooa.
Aeaaiay iiciaaaoaeueiay o-oeey iaoee i i?e?iaea – iauyniaiea. Iia
ninoieo a iiaeaaaeaiee aaeeie/iiai iauaeoa iiae iauee caeii (iiiyoea,
oai?ey). Ini. iiciaaao. o-oeey “iaoe i aeooa” – iiieiaiea. Caeanue
iai?ioea no?aiyony iinoe/ue niune eco/aaiiai iauaeoa eiaiii a aai
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiinoe. Eiuie neiaaie iauyniaiea a?aoiaioe?iaaii
aeiieie?oao eae iniuneaiiinoue nouanoaothuaai iauaeoa, a cia/eo,
iicaieyao iiiyoue aai e eiaiii n oie oeaeueth, eio. i?eiaiyaony.
Iauyniaiey auneacuaathony ia oieueei a iaoeao i i?e?iaea, ii e a iaoeao
ia iauanoaa.
Eae e a neooaoeee n iauyniaieyie, iniiaaieai i?iaiica nianai ia
iaycaoaeueii auoue i?e/eiiuie, o.a. oaeeie, a eioi?uo a ia/aeueiuo
oneiaeyo oeene?oaony i?e/eia i?aaeneacuaaaiiai iauaeoa, a caeii yae-ny
i?e/eiii-neaaenoaaiiui. A i?eioeeia a iniiaaieyo i?aaeaeaeaiey iiaeao
eniieueciaaoueny iao/iue caeii ethaiai oeia. I?aaeaeaeaiea – yoi ia
ii?ua ec ianoiyuaai a aoaeouaa, a auoiae ca a?aieoeu iaaethaeaaiiai
ie?a, oi/iaa neacaoue ca i?aaeaeu eco/aaiiai ie?a. Eiiaaea iniiaaiey
i?iaiicia iaoiaeyony aac caeiiia – i?aaeaeaeaiea caeiia, auaaaeaiea aai
ec iiiaeanoaa iaeiioeiiuo yiie?e/aneeo aeaiiuo. Oaeaea nouanoa-o
eiooeoeaiua i?aaeaeaeaiey.
68. Ii?aaeaeaiea (aeaoaieoeey), aai ?ieue a iao/iii iuoeaiee. Aeaeu e
i?aaeea ii?aaeaeaiee.
Ii? – yoi eiae/aneay iia?aoeey, caeeth/athuayny a i?eaeaiee oi/iiai
niunea ycueiaiio au?aaeaieth, eioi?ue iicaieyao, eiaaea yoi o?aaoaony,
auaeaeeoue eee ooi/ieoue cia/aiea yoiai au?aaeaiey. Caaea/a ii?aaeaeaiey
– auaeaeeoue nenoaio i?eciaeia, iauoth e ioee/eoaeueioth aeey
i?aaeiaoia, iaicia/aaiuo oa?ieiii. A iao/iii iiciaiee yoa caaea/a /anoi
oneeeaaaony o?aaiaaieai iaeoe nenoaio nouanoaaiiuo i?eciaeia yoeo
i?aaeiaoia. Eiaeea oeacuaaao niiniau e i?aaeea ii?aaeaeaiey,
nenoaiaoece?oao oeie/iua ioeaee, aicieeathuea i?e ia?ooaiee yoeo i?aaee.
Auaeaeaiea nenoaiu nouanoaaiiuo i?eciaeia oao eee eiuo i?aaeiaoia –
caaea/a eiie?aoiuo iaoe. Ii?-ea a e-?ii oeacuaaaony nenoaia nou-uo
i?eciaeia i?aaeiaoia, yaeyaony ?acoeueoaoii neiaeiiai i?ioeanna
iiciaiey. Iaeiaei ia ?ane?uaaaony ana niaea?aeaiea iiiyoey i i?aaeiaoao,
a eeoue iniiaiia niaea?aeaiea. I/aiue /anoi ii?aaeaeaieth i?aaeoanoaotho
i?eaiu: Inoaineaiia ii?-a – yoi ?acuyniaiea neia eee neiaini/aoaiee
iooai iaiin?aaenoaaiiiai oeacaiey i?aaeiaoia, aeaenoaee eee neooaoeee,
iaicia/aaiuo neiaaie eee neiaini/-ie. Iienaiea – i?eiaiyaony ia
yiie?e/aneii o?iaia iiciaiey, eiaaea auyaeythony naienoaa i?aaeiaoia,
eco/aaiuo iaoeie (nai-aa i a ioee/eo e ia ioee/eo, nouano e ianouano, ii
?acee/ea i?e iienaiee ia i?iaiaeeony). Oa?aeoa?enoeea – ?ane?uaathony
ana noi?iiu i?aaeiaoa, aaaeiua a eaeiioi ioiioaiee, ii ia iaycaoaeueii
ioee/athuea i?aaeiao io ae?oaeo. N?aaiaiea (iai? ceinoue noiaeia n
e?aoeia?aiaiiui iiiaoaoaeuenoaii).
Aeaeu ii?aaeaeaiee: (1) Iiieiaeueiua ii?a-y – yoi niaeaoaiey
ioiineoaeueii niunea aiiaue aaiaeeiuo ycueiauo au?aaeaiee, a oaeaea
niaeaoaiea i oii, a eaeii ec ?acee/iuo eiathueony niuneia neaaeoao
oiio?aaeyoue au?aaeaiea a aeaiiii eiioaenoa. (2) ?aaeueiua ii?a-y a
eioi?uo i?eaeaaony oi/iue niune au?aaeaieyi, cia/aiey eioi?uo n aieueoae
eee iaiueoae noaiaiueth ii?aaeaeaiiinoe oaea ecaanoiu. Iin?aaenoaii
?aaeueiuo ii?aaeaeaiee aaiaeyony iiiyoey i i?aaeiaoao, iaicia/aaiuo
oa?ieiii, o a ?aoaaony caaea/a auaeaeaiey nenoaiu i?eciaeia, iauae e
ioee/eoaeueiie aeey yoeo i?aaeiaoia. Iiieiaeueiua ii?a-ey iaeuecy
ioeaieaaoue eae enoeiiua eee eiaeiua. ?aaeueiua ii?aaeaeaiey – yoi
noaeaeaiey, iiyoiio iieiiaoo auoue enoeiiuie eee eiaeiuie. Ii?aaeaeaiey
aeaeyony ia iiieiaeueiua e ?aaeueiua ii oie ooieoeee, eioi?oth iie
auiieiytho a iiciaiee. Iiaeii oaeaea iiae?acaeaeeoue ii?aaeaeaiey ia
aeaa aeaea ii oi?ia: (1) yaiua – eiatho no?oeoo?o “A anoue A” eee “A,
anee e oieueei anee A”, aaea A – ii?aaeaeyaiia au?aaeaiea, a A –
ii?aaeaeythuaa; (2) iayaiua ii?aaeaeaiey oaeie oi?iu ia eiatho.
ssaiua ii?aaeaeaiey i?aaeiieaaatho auaeaeaiea ii?aaeaeaiee /a?ac ?iae e
aeaeiaia ioee/ea.Oi iiiaeanoai i?aaeiaoia, n?aaee eioi?uo iaiaoiaeeii
auaeaeeoue eioa?anothuea ian i?aaeiaou, iacuaaaony ?iaeii. Oa nenoaia
i?eciaeia, n iiiiuueth eioi?uo auaeaeythony ii?aaeaeyaiua i?aaeiaou
n?aaee ae?oaeo i?aaeiaoia ?iaea, iineo iacaaiea aeaeiaiai ioee/ey.
?anniio?ei oaeea ii?aaeaeaiey: (1) a ao?eaooeaii-?aeyoeeiiiuo
ii?aaeaeaieyo aeaeiaui ioee/eai yaeythony naienoaa e ea/anoaa. Ea/anoai
– yoi ia/oi, i?eiaaeeaaeauaa i?aaeiaoo naiiio ii naaa. Naienoai anoue
i?iyaeaiea ea/anoaa ai acaeiiaeaenoaee n ae?oaeie i?aaeiaoaie. Iaee/ea
naiaiaeiuo yeaeo?iiia o iaoaeeia – yoi eo ea/anoai. I?iaiaeeiinoue
yeaeo?e/anoaa – yoi naienoai, i?aaenoaaeythuaa niaie i?iyaeaiea
oeacaiiiai ea/anoaa ai acaeiiaeaenoaee n yeaeo?e/aneei iieai. (2) a
aaiaoe/aneeo ii?aaeaeaieyo a ea/anoaa aeaeiaiai ioee/ey aunooiaao niinia
i?ienoiaeaeaiey, ia?aciaaiey, eiino?oe?iaaiey i?aaeiaoia (i?eia?, e?oa
anoue oeao?a, iieo/athoayny a ?acoeueoaoa a?auaiey io?acea i?yiie aie?oa
iaeiiai ec aai eiioeia a ieineinoe). (3) iia?aoeeiiaeueiuie yaeythony
ii?aaeaeaiey, a eioi?uo i?aaeiaou auaeaeythony iin?aaenoaii oeacaiey
iia?aoeee, n iiiiuueth eioi?uo yoe i?aaeiaou iiaeii ?aniiciaoue (i?eia?,
eeneioa – yoi aeeaeeinoue i?e iia?oaeaiee a eioi?oth eaeioniaie aoiaaeee
iineaaeiyy ie?aoeaaaony a e?aniue oeaao).
Iayaiua ii?aaeaeaiey. (1) Ii?aaeaeaiey /a?ac ioiioaiea e
i?ioeaiiieiaeiiio. A ieo ii?aaeaeythony n?aco aeaa oa?ieia iooai
oeacaiey ioiioaiey i?aaeiaoia, iaicia/aaiuo iaeiei ec yoeo oa?ieiia, e
i?aaeiaoai, iaicia/aaiui ae?oaei ec yoeo oa?ieiia (iai?eia?: i?e/eia –
yoi yaeaiea, eioi?ia i?e ii?aaeaeaiiuo oneiaeyo iaycaoaeueii aucuaaao
ae?oaia yaeaiea, iacuaaaiia neaaenoaeai). (2) Eiioaenooaeueiua
ii?aaeaeaiey. A ieo auyniyaony niune eiioaenoa, a eioi?ue aoiaeeo
ii?aaeaeyaiue oa?iei (iai?eia?, i?aaeiieiaeaiea “?” enoeiii, anee e
oieueei anee ?).
I?aaeea ii?aaeaeaiee. Oi?iaeueii-eiae/aneea i?aaeea ii?aaeaeaiey.
I?aaeei 1.Ii?aaeaeaiea aeieaeii auoue ni?acia?iui, o a cia/aiey (iauaiu)
ii?aaeaeyaiiai e ii?aaeaeythuaai au?aaeaiee aeieaeiu niaiaaeaoue.
Aiciiaeiua ioeaee: (a) neeoeii oe?ieia ii?aaeaeaiea – ii?aaeaeythuaa
oe?a ii?aaeaeyaiiai ii iauaio (/aeiaae – aeaoiiaia aania?ia
aeeaioiia),(a) neeoeii oceia ii?aaeaeaiea – iauai ii?aaeaeythuaai
iaiueoa iauaia ii?aaeaeyaiiai (i?, nia?oue – anoanoaaiiue eiiaoe anyeiai
aeeaiai nouanoaa ( a ia anoanoaaiiue?), (a)ia?ae?aueaathuaany
ii?aaeaeaiea – iauaiu ii?aaeaeythuaai e ii?aaeaeyaiiai iaoiaeyony a
ioiioaiee ia?ae?aueaaiey (i?, oeeinio – yoi /aeiaae, ?ac?aaaouaathuee
iao/ioth iaoiaeieiaeth), (a) ii?aaeaeeoue “eae iiiaei” (i?eia? i?i
o?aioeoca eiaaea aeaaaeinue yioeeeeiiaaee/aneia ii?aaeaeaiea ?aea).
I?aaeei 2. Ii?aaeaeaiea ia aeieaeii caeeth/aoue a naaa e?oaa. Aicieeaao
ioeaea “e?oa a naaa” – ii?aaeaeyaiia ii?aaeaeyaony iin?aaenoaii
ii?aaeaeythuaai, a iineaaeiaa ii?aaeaeyaony iaiin?aaenoaaiii eee
iiin?aaeiaaiii ia?aui (i?, Eiaeea – iaoea i i?aaeeueiii iuoeaiee;
I?aaeeueiia iuoeaiea – eiae/aneia iuoeaiea. ?aciiaeaeiinoue yoie ioeaee
– oaaoieiaey – eiaaea ii?aaeaeythuaa iiaoi?yao ii?aaeaeyaiia ii, iiaeao
auoue, ae?oaeie neiaaie (iai?, Iaoaiaoeea – yoi oi, /ai caieiathony
iaoaiaoeee). I?aaeei 3. Ii?aaeaeaiea ae a yniui, o a ae a ecaanoiu
niuneu e cia/aiey oa?ieiia aoiaeyueo a ii?aaeaeythuaa (iai?, e?anioa
anoue eiaeeaeaeoaeueii-iaiiaoi?eiia au?aaeaiea ?iaeiaiai). I?aaeei 4.
Iaeuecy i?eieiaoue iiieiaeueiua ii?aaeaeaiey ca ?aaeueiua (iai?, ionoue
eiaaony iiieiaeueiia ii?a-ea: “aia – yoi niaa?oaiiia nouanoai”, ae?oaia
iiiei ii?aaeaeaiea “niaa?oaiiia nouanoai – oi, eioi?ia iaeaaeaao anaie
naienoaaie iauaeoeaii nouanoaothuaai i?aaeiaoa, a oaeaea naienoaaie
anaaaaeaiey, anaiiaouanoaa e o.ae.” Iiaeii ee i?eiya yoe ii?aaeaeaiey ca
iinueee, naeaeaoue auaiae i oii /oi aia nouanoaoao? Anee yoe iinueee
ieaaeoony enoeiiuie noaeaeaieyie, oi e caeeth/aiea aoaeao enoeiiui. Ii
iineieueeo ii?aaeaeaiey yaeythony iiieiaeueiuie, eo iaeuecy n/eoaoue ie
enoeiiuie, ie eiaeiuie e iaeuecy naeaeaoue oeacaiiiai auaiaea).
Inouanoaeyy ii?aaeaeaiey, aaaeii ?oeiaiaenoaiaaoueny oae aea o?aaiaaieai
?ane?uaaoue eeoue iniiaiia niaea?aeaiea ii?aaeaeyaiiai oa?ieia.
69. Eeanneoeeaoeey eae iaoiae iao/iiai iiciaiey. Anoanoaaiiua e
eneonnoaaiiua eeanneoeeaoeee.
Eeanneoeeaoeey (io eao classis – ?ac?yae, eeann facio – aeaeath,
?aneeaaeuaath), ?acaeaiea iiiaeanoaa (eeanna) iauaeoia ia iiaeiiiaeanoaa
(iiaeeeannu) ii ii?aaeaeaiiui i?eciaeai. A iao/iie E naienoaa iauaeoa
iinoaaeaiu a ooieoeeiiaeueioth naycue n aai iieiaeaieai a ii?aaeae
nenoaia. ?acee/atho eneonnoaaiioth e anoanoa E: a ioee/ee io
eneonnoaaiiie (a aa iniiaa, eae i?aaeei, eaaeao ia nouanoaaiiua
noiaenoaa e ?acee/ey iauaeoa, aeey nenoaiaoecaoeee i?aaeiaoia,
aeoaa.eaoaeia), a anoanoa E ii iaenei eiee/anoao nouanoaaiiuo i?eciaeia
iauaeoa, ii?aaeaeyaony aai iieiaeaiea a nenoaia (iai?, anoanoa nenoaia
i?aaieciia, ia?eiaee/aneay nenoaia yeaiaioia Iaiaeaeaaaa). ?acaeoea
iaoee naycaii n ia?aoiaeii io aeene?eioeaiuo E (oii?yaei/eaathueo a
oaeiaiie oi?ia iaeiieaiiua yiie?e/ ?acoeueoaou) e no?oeoo?iui
(nouiinoiui) E (iicaieythuei ?ane?uoue nouiinoue eeanneoeoee?oaiuo
iauaeoia).
E anaaaea onoaiaaeeaaao ii?aaeaeaiiue ii?yaeie a enneaaeoaiie iaeanoe,
?acaeaaao aa ia a?oiiu, /oiau oii?yaei/eoue iaeanoue e iaic?eii aa
?anniio?aoue. Eiae/aneay iniiaa eeanneoeeaoeee – eiae/aneay iia?aoeey
aeaeaiey iauaia iiiyoey. Iiiyoea – yoi oi?ia iunee, eioi?ay yaeyaony
?acoeueoaoii iuneaiiiai auaeaeaiey iaeiioeiuo i?aaeiaoia iaeioi?iai
iiiaeanoaa ii iauei e nouanoaaiiui i?eciaeai. Iiiyoey au?aaeathony
ioaeaeueiuie neiaaie e neiaini/aoaieyie. Eaaeaeia iiiyoea eiaao iauai e
niaea?aeaiea. Iauai iiiyoey – yoi niaieoiiinoue i?aaeiaoia iiiyoey.
Niaea?aeaiea iiiyoey – yoi niaieoiiinoue i?eciaeia, ia iniiaa eioi?ie
iauaeou auaeaeaiu e iaiauaiu a iiiyoee. I/o niaea?aeaieai e iauaiii
iiiyoey anoue naycue a aeaea caeiia ia?aoiiai ioiioaiey: /ai aieueoa
niaea?aeaiea iiiyoey, oai iaiueoa e?oa iauaeoia oeao?e?othueo a iai, e
iaiai?io /ai aieueoa iauai, oai oaea niaea?aeaiea. Aeaeaiea iauaia
iiiyoey – yoi ?acaeaeaiea iauaia iiiyoey ia iiaeeeannu, i?aaenoaaeythuea
iiaeaeaeu i?aaeiaoia iuneaiiuo iiiyoee. Yoa iia?aoeey aeeth/aao: (1)
iniiaaiea aeaeaiey iiiyoey – yoi i?eciae ii eioi?iio i?iecaiaeeony
?acaeaiea, yoi aa?uee?oaiue i?eciae, (2) aeaeeiia iiiyoea – yoi iauai
eioi?ue iaiaoiaeeii ?acaeoue ia iiaeeeannu, (3) ?acoeueoao aeaeaiey.
?acee/atho i?aaeeueiia e iai?aaeeueiia aeaeaiea e /oiau aeaeaiea auei
i?aaeeueiui iaiaoiaeeii niaethaeaoue i?aaeea: 1) aeaeaiea aeieaeii
aanoenue oieueei ii iaeiiio iniiaaieth; 2) yaeaiea ae a ni?acia?iui eee
en/a?iuaathuei, o a niaieoiiinoue iauaiia aeaeaiey ae.a. ?aaiie
enoiaeiiio iauaio aeaeaiey; 3) iaaeiionoeii aeaeaiea n eceeoiei /eaiii;
4) /eaiu aeaeaiey aeieaeiu acaeiii eneeth/aoue ae?oa ae?oaa; 5) aeaeaiea
ae.a. iai?a?uaiui, o a iaeuecy aeaeaoue nea/eia a aeaeaiee. Auaeaeytho
aeaa aeaea aeaeaiey: (1) Ii aeaeo eciaiaiey iaeioi?iai i?eciaea. (2)
Aeeoiiao?e/aneia aeaeaiea – yoi aeaeaiea a eioi?ii a ea/anoaa iniiaaiey
aeaeaiey neoaeeo iaee/ea eee ionoonoaea caaeaiiiai i?eciaea.
Eeanneoeeaoeey – yoi e anoue iia?aoeey aeaeaiey iauaia iiiyoey. Yoi eeai
ioaeaeueiia aeaeaiea eee niaieoiiinoue aeaeaiee. Eeanneoeeaoeeth
iiieiatho eae iiiaio?iaiaaoth e ?acaaoaeaiioth nenoaio. Eeanneoeeaoeeae
iau/ii iacuaatho aeaeaiea iauaeoia, eioi?ua yaeythony iauaeoaie eco/aiey
oie eee eiie iaoee. E iau/ii ia i?eiaiyao aeeaoiiao?e/aneia aeaeaiea
(eia/a aiai?y, iauai aeaeeiiai iiiyoey aeaeeony ia aeaa i?ioeai?a/aueo
ae?oa ae?oao iiiyoey: A e ia-A; aeaeaa aiciiaeii /oi A aeaeeony ia A e
ia-A e o.ae.). I?eia? eeanne/aneie E – yoi oaaeeoea Iaiaeaeaaaa.
Ii?ith eeanneoeeaoeeth e aeaeaiea iooatho, eo ?anniao?eaatho eae
neiiieiu. Iie ai iiiaii iioiaee, iaeiaei iaaei aeaeaoue e ?acee/ey.
I?eaaaeaiiua aeaeu aeaeaiey aeaenoaeoaeueii iiaoo auoue ioa?aeoa?eciaaiu
eae aeaeu oae iacuaaaiie oaeniiiie/aneie eeanneoeeaoeee. Iaeiaei ana
aieueoaa ?ani?ino?aiaiea iieo/atho ia?eieiae/aneea eeanneoeeaoeee. A
ioee/ea io oaeniiiie/aneiai aeaeaiey, a i?ioeanna eioi?iai auyaeythony
aeaeu i?aaeiaoia iaeioi?iai ?iaea, a ia?eieiae/aneii aeaeaiee
auaeaeythony /anoe i?aaeiaoa. Iai?eia?. Aaoiiao ninoieo ec i?eeeaaea,
eacaiiie /anoe, noaiea e ae?oaeo /anoae. Iiaeii n/eoaoue, /oi
oaeniiiie/aneia e ia?eieiae/aneia aeaeaiey acaeiinaycaiu e eiatho
acaeiiua ia?aoiaeu. Ii neaaeoao oaeaea neacaoue /oi eiae/aneea
i?ioeaaeo?u aeaeaiey iiiyoee e eeanneoeeaoeee yaeythony ieii/aoaeueii
?ac?aaioaiiuie.
70. Aeaaeoeoeey e eiaeoeoeey eae iaoiaeu iao/iiai iiciaiey.
Aii?in ia eniieueciaaiee eiaeoeoeee e aeaaeoeoeee a ea/anoaa iaoiaeia
iiciaiey ianoaeaeaeny ia i?ioyaeaiee anae enoi?ee oeeinioee. Iiae
eiaeoeoeeae /aua anaai iiieiaeinue aeaeaeaiea iiciaiey io oaeoia e
ooaa?aeaeaieyi iauaai oa?aeoa?a, a iiae aeaaeoeoeeae – aeaeaeaiea iunee
io iaueo ooaa?aeaeaiee e iaiaa iauei, a oii /enea e ooaa?aeaeaieyi ia
ioaeaeueiuo i?aaeiaoao. *anoi yoe iaoiaeu i?ioeaiiinoaaeyeenue ae?oa
ae?oao e ?anniao?eaaeenue a io?uaa io ae?oaeo n?aaenoa iiciaiey. Oae O
Ayeii n/eoae iniiaiui iaoiaeii iiciaiey eiaeoeoeeth, a ? Aeaea?o –
aeaaeoeoeeth aianoa n eiooeoeeae. Iaeiaei a yiioo Iiaiai a?aiaie yoe
e?aeiea oi/ee c?aiey ia/aee i?aiaeieaaaoueny. Oae, Aaeeeae, Iuethoii,
Eaeaieoe, i?eciaaay ca iiuoii, a cia/eo e ca eiaeoeoeeae aieueooth ?ieue
a iiciaiee, ioia/aee a ianoa n oai, /oi i?ioeann aeaeaeaiey io oaeoia e
caeiiai ia yaeyaony /enoi eiae/aneei i?ioeannii, a aeeth/aao a naay
eiooeoeeth. Iie ioaiaeeee aaaeioth ?ieue aeaaeoeoeee i?e iino?iaiee e
i?iaa?ea iao/iuo oai?ee e ioia/aee, /oi a iao/iii iiciaiee aaaeiia ianoi
caieiaao aeiioaca, ia naiaeeiay e eiaeoeoeee e aeaaeoeoeee. Iaeiaei
iieiinoueth i?aiaeieaoue i?ioeaiiinoaaeaiea eiaeoeoeaiiai e
aeaaeoeoeaiiai iaoiaeia iiciaiey aeieaia a?aiy ia oaeaaaeinue. A nia?
iao/ iiciaiee i?ioeaiiinoaaeaiea eiaeoeoeee e aeaaeoeoeee eae iaoiaeia
iiciaiey oa?yao niune, iineieueeo iie ia ?anniao?eaathony eae
aaeeinoaaiiua iaoiaeu. A iiciaiee aaaeioth ?ieue ea?atho ae?oaea
iaoiaeu, a oaeaea i?eaiu, i?eioeeiu e oi?iu (iai? aano?aae?iaaiea,
eaeaaeecaeoeey, i?iaeaia, aeiioaca e o.ae.).
Eiaeoeoeey i?aaenoaaeyao niaie oiicaeeth/aiea a eioi?ii caeeth/aiea ia
auoaeaao eiae/anee ec iinueie, e enoeiiinoue iinueie ia aa?aioe?oao
enoeiiinoue caeeth/aiey. Ec enoeiiuo iinueie eiaeoeoeey aeaao
aa?iyoiinoiia caeeth/aiea. Iauay eiaeoeoeey – yoi eiaeoeoeey a eioi?ie
ia?aoiaeyo io ciaiey i ianeieueeeo i?aaeiaoao e ciaieyi i eo
niaieoiiinoe. Yoi oeie/iay eiaeoeoeey. Eiaiii iauay eiaeoeoeey aeaao iai
iauaa ciaiea. Iauay eiaeoeoeey i.a. i?aaenoaaeaia aeaoiy aeaeaie: (1)
iieiay eiaeoeoeey – yoi oiicaeeth/aiea io ciaiey ia ioaeaeueiuo
i?aaeiaoao eeanna e ciaieth i anao i?aaeiaoao eeanna, i?aaeiieaaathuaa
enneaaeiaaiea eaaeaeiai i?aaeiaoa yoiai eeanna: A1 eiaao i?eciae A, A2
eiaao i?eciae A,…, An eiaao i?eciae A, iiiaeanoai A1,…, An yoi aanue
eeann A => aa?iyoii /oi ana iauaeou oeia A eiatho i?eciae A; (2)
Oiicaeeth/aiea io ciaiey eeoue i iaeioi?uo i?aaeiaoao eeanna e ciaieth i
anao i?aaeiaoao eeanna iacuaatho iaiieiie eiaeoeoeeae.
Noaoenoe/aneay ia iieiay eiaeoeoeey. Aeaeaaony auai?ea An +n ec
niaieoiiinoe i?aaeiaoia A, a yoie auai?ea yeaiaiou A1,…, An iaeaaeatho
i?eciaeii A, a yeaiaiou An+1,…, An+n ia eiatho i?eciaea A, ec yoiai
neaaeoao auaiae, /oi iauaeou A iiaoo eiaoue naienoai A n aa?iyoiinoueth
n/(n+n) – iauaa /enei iaaethaeaiee.
A ioee/ee io eiaeoeoeaiuo oiicaeeth/aiee, eioi?ua eeoue iaaiaeyo ia
iuneue, iin?aaenoaii aeaaeoeoeaiuo oiicaeeth/aiee auaiaeyo iaeioi?oth
iuneue ec ae?oaeo iuneae. Aeaaeoeoeaiua oiicaeeth/aiey:
oneiaiieaoaai?e/aneea, ?acaeaeeoaeueii-eaoaai?e/aneea, aeeeaiiu,
oneiaiua oiicaeeth/aiey e o.ae.
71. Yiie?e/aneia ciaiea: aeaiiua iaaethaeaiey, yiie?e/aneea oaeou,
yiie?e/aneea caeiiu. Iaoiaeu iao/ii-yiie?e/aneiai enneaaeiaaiey.
A no?oeoo?a iao/iiai ciaiey auaeaeytho i?aaeaea anaai aeaa o?iaiy ciaiey
– yiie?e/aneee e oai?aoe/aneee. Ei niioaaonoaotho aeaa acaeiinaycaiiuo,
ii a oi aea a?aiy niaoeeoe/aneeo aeaea iiciaaaoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe:
yiie?e/aneia e oai?aoe/aneia enneaaeiaaiea. Yiie?e/aneia ciaiea eiaao
neiaeioth no?oeoo?o e iiaeii auaeaeeoue ii iaiueoae ia?a aeaa
iiaeo?iaiy: iaaethaeaiee e yiie?e/aneeo oaeoia.
Aeaiiua iaaethaeaiey niaea?aeao ia?ae/ioth eioi?iaoeeth, eioi?oth iu
iieo/aai iaiin?aaenoaaiii a i?ioeanna iaaethaeaiey ca iauaeoii. Yoa
eioi?iaoeey aeaia a iniaie oi?ia – a oi?ia iaiin?aaenoaaiiuo /oanoaaiiuo
aeaiiuo noauaeoa iaaethaeaiey, eioi?ua oeene?othony a oi?ia i?ioieieia
iaaethaeaiey. I?ioieieu iaaethaeaiey au?aaeatho eioi?iaoeeth,
iieo/aaioth iaaethaeaoaeai, a ycueiaie oi?ia. A i?ioieieao oeacuaaaony
eoi inou-ao iaaethaeaiea, n iiiiuueth eaeeo i?eai?ia, aeathony
oa?aeoa?enoeee i?eai?a.Yoi ia neo/aeii iineieueeo a aeaiiuo iaaethaeaiee
ia?yaeo n iauaeoeaiie eioi?iaoeeae i yaeaieyo niaea?aeeony iaeioi?ue
ieano noauaeoeaiie eioi?iaoeee, caaenyuee io oneiaee iaaethaeaiey,
i?eai?ia e o.ae. I?eai?u iiaoo aeaaaoue ioeaee, iiyoiio aeaiiua
iaaethaeaiey aua ia yaeythony aeinoiaa?iui ciaieai, e ia ieo ia iiaeao
iie?aoueny oai?ey. Aacenii oai?ee yaeythony yiie?e/aneea oaeou. A
ioee/ee io aeaiiuo iaaethaeaiey – yoi anaaaea aeinoiaa?iay, iauaeoeaiay
eioi?iaoeey; yoi oaeia iienaiea yaeaiee e naycae i/o ieie, aaea niyou
noauaeoeaiua ianeiaiey. Iiyoiio ia?aoiae io iaaethaeaiee e oaeoai
neiaeiue i?ioeann. Yoio i?ioeann i?aaeiieaaaao neaaeothuea
iiciaaaoaeueiua iia?aoeee. (1) ?aoeeiiaeueioth ia?aaioeo aeaiiuo
iaaethaeaiey e iiene a ieo onoie/eaiai, eiaa?eaioiiai niaea?aeaiey. Aeey
oi?ie?iaaiey oaeoa iaiaoiaeeii n?aaieoue iaaethaeaiey auaeaeeoue
iiaoi?ythueany, ono?aieoue neo/aeiua e n iia?aoiinoueth. (2) aeey
onoaiiaeaiey oaeoa iaiaoiaeeii enoieeiaaiea auyaeyaiiai a iaaethaeaieyo
eiaa?eaioiiai niaea?aeaiey. A i?ioeanna oaeiai enoieeiaaiey oe?iei
eniieuecothony ?aiaa iieo/aiiua oai?aoe/aneea ciaiey. A oi?ie?iaaiee
oaeoa o/anoaotho ciaiey, eioi?ua i?iaa?aiu iacaaeneii io oai?ee, a oaeou
aeatho noeioe aeey ia?aciaaiey iiauo oai?aoe/aneeo ciaiee, eioi?ua a
naith i/a?aaeue, anee iie aeinoiaa?iu, iiaoo niiaa o/anoaiaaoue a
oi?ie?iaaiee iiaaeoeo oaeoia, e o.i.
Iaoiaeu iao/ii-yiie?e/aneiai enneaaeiaaiey. (1) Iaaethaeaiea –
oeaeaiai?aaeaiiia aini?eyoea yaeaiee iauaeoeaiie aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe, a
oiaea eioi?iai iu iieo/aai ciaiea i aiaoieo noi?iiao, naienoaao e
ioiioaieyo eco/aaiuo iauaeoia. I?ioeann iaaethaeaiey ia ianneaiia
nica?oeaiea aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe – yoi iniaay aeayoaeueiinoue,
aeeth/athuay iaaethaeaoaey, iauaeo iaaethaeaiey e n?aaenoaa
iaaethaeaiey. Aaaeiaeoae iniaaiiinoue iaaethaeaiey yaeyaony aai
oeaeaiai?aaeaiiue oa?aeoa?, eioi?ay iaoneiaeaia iaee/eai
i?aaeaa?eoaeueiuo eaeae, aeiioac, eioi?ua noaayo caaea/e iaaethaeaieth.
Iaaethaeaiea naycaii n iienaieai, eioi?ia cae?aieyao e ia?aaeaao
?acoeueoaou iaaethaeaiee n iiiiuueth ii?aaeaeaiiuo ciaeiauo n?aaenoa.
Yiie?e/ iienaiea – yoi oeenaoeey n?aaenoaaie anoanoaaiiiai eee
eneonnoaaiiiai ycuea naaaeaiee ia iauaeoao, aeaiiuo a iaaethaeaiee.
Iienaiea iiae?acaeaeyaony ia aeaa aeaea – ea/anoaaiiia e eiee/anoaaiiia.
Eiee/anoaaiiia iienaiea inouanoaeyaony n i?eiaiaieai ycuea iaoaiaoeee e
i?aaeiieaaaao i?iaaaeaiea ?acee/iuo ecia?eoaeueiuo i?ioeaaeo?. A oceii
niunea neiaa aai iiaeii ?anniao?eaaoue eae oeenaoeeth aeaiiuo ecia?aiey.
A oe?ieii niunea iii aeeth/aao oaeaea iaoiaeaeaiea yiie?e/aneeo
caaeneiinoae i/o ?acoeueoaoaie ecia?aiee. Eeoue n aaaaeaieai iaoiaea
ecia?aiey anoanoaiciaiea i?aa?auaaony a oi/ioth iaoeo. A iniiaa
iia?aoeee ecia?aiey eaaeeo n?aaiaiea iauaeoia ii eaeei eeai noiaeiui
naienoaai eee noi?iiai ( ?anneacaoue naiinoiyoaeueii). Iaaethaeaiea e
n?aaiaiea iiaoo i?iaiaeeony eae ioiineoaeueii naiinoiyoaeueii, oae e a
oaniie acaeiinayce n yenia?eiaioii. A ioee/ee io iau/iiai iaaethaeaiey a
yenia?eiaioa enneaaeiaaoaeue aeoeaii aiaoeaaaony a i?ioaeaiea eco/aaiiai
i?ioeanna n oeaeueth iieo/eoue i iai ii?aaeaeaiiua ciaiey. Enneaaeoaiia
yaeaiea iaaethaeaaony caeanue a niaoeeaeueii nicaeaaaaiuo e
eiio?iee?oaiuo oneiaeyo, /oi iicaieyao ainnoaiaaeeaaoue eaaeaeue ?ac
oiae yaeaiey i?e iiaoi?aiee oneiaee.
72. Iao/ii-yiie?e/aneea iaoiaeu onoaiiaeaiey i?e/eiiuo naycae i/ae
yaeaieyie.
Eiia/iay oeaeue enneaaeiaaiee – iauynieoue niaieoiiinoue oaeoia,
auyaeoue i?e/eiu oaeoia. Ia?aiia/aeueii i i?e/eiiuo caaeneiinoyo
aiai?eoueny ia o?iaia yiie?e/aneeo iaaethaeaiee n iiiiuueth iaoiaeia
Ayeiia Ieey.
I?e/eia – yoi yaeaiea, eioi?ia a ii?aaeaeaiiuo oneiaeyo ii?iaeaeaao
ae?oaia yaeaiea, iacuaaaiia neaaenoaeai. Neaaenoaea – yoi yaeaiea,
ii?iaeaeaaiia i?e/eiie. Iiae yoeie yaeaieyie iiieiaaony: (1) niauoea,
nouanoaiaaiea eee ia nouanoaiaaiea i?aaeiaoia e o.ae. (iaee/ea ae?onia a
i?aaiecia – i?e/eia caaieaaaiey), (2) acaeiiaeaenoaey i?aaeiaoia e
eciaiaiey yoeo i?aaeiaoia, (3) acaeiiaeaenoaea i?ioeaiiieiaeiuo noi?ii
i?aaeiaoa e eciaiaiey, i?ienoiaeyuea a aeaiiii i?aaeiaoa a ?acoeueoaoa
yoiai acaeiiaeaenoaey. A iaoiaeao iiae i?e/eiie iiieiaaony
ianoiyoaeuenoai, aeiaaaeaiea eioi?iai e eiathueiny ianoiyoaeuenoaai
aucuaaao neaaenoaea – yaeaiea, i?aaenoaaeythuaa niaie niauoea,
nouanoaiaaiea i?aaeiaoa, eciaiaiea i?aaeiaoa, aicieeiiaaiea iiaiai
naienoaa o i?aaeiaoa e o.ae. Anoue a?oiia yaeaiee aac eioi?uo neaaenoaea
iiaeao ia ianooieoue – yoi ?aeaaaioiiniioonoaothuea ianoiyoaeuenoaa. Yoi
ia iaiaoiaeeiua niauoey ii aeeytho ia neeo aeaenoaey i?e/ei ia niauoea.
I?eioeeiu i?e/eiiinoe: 1) i?e/eiii-neaaenoaaiiay naycue yaeyaony
iauaeoeaiie; 2) yoa naycue iaiaoiaeeiay: ii?aaeaeaiiay i?e/eia a
niioaaonoaothueo oneiaeyo iaycaoaeueii aucuaaao ii?aaeaeaiiia
neaaenoaea; 3) yoa naycue yaeyaony anaiauae: a i?e?iaea iao aani?e/eiiuo
yaeaiee; 4) i?e/eia i?aaeoanoaoao neaaenoaeth ai a?aiaie.
Iaoiae aaeeinoaaiiiai noiaenoaa. ?anniao?eaathony ?acee/iua neo/ae,
eiaaea iaaethaeaaony yaeaiea a. Ai anao neo/ayo yaeaieth a
i?aaeoanoaotho a?oiiu ianoiyoaeuenoa, noiaeiua oieueei a ioiioaiee
ianoiyoaeuenoaa A. Ionthaea aeaeaaony auaiae i oii, /oi ianoiyoaeuenoai
A yaeyaony i?e/eiie yaeaiey a. A nioeeaeueiii iiciaiee iaoiae
aaeeinoaaiiiai noiaenoaa aeaao auaiaeu aunieie noaiaie i?aaaeiiiaeiaey,
anee: (1) onoaiiaeaii, /oi ianoiyoaeuenoai A e yaeaiea a ia aucaaiu
iauae i?e/eiie eee aeaoiy ?acee/iuie i?e/eiaie; (2) onoaiiaeaii, /oi
ianoiyoaeuenoai A i?aaeoanoaoao yaeaieth a; (3) o/oaiu ana
ianoiyoaeuenoaa, i?aaeoanoaothuea yaeaieth (ec oao eioi?ua iiaoo auoue
aai i?e/eiie); (4) anee aaeeei /enei ?anniio?aiiuo neo/aaa. Yoio iaoiae
iiaeao aunooiaoue a ea/anoaa iaoiaea iaaethaeaiey.
Iaoiae aaeeinoaaiiiai ?acee/ey. ?anniao?eaaaony aeaa neo/ay. A ia?aii
neo/aa ianoiyoaeuenoaa AAN i?aaeoanoaotho yaeaieth a. Ai aoi?ii neo/aa
iaeii ec ianoiyoaeuenoa (a) ionoonoaoao , yaeaiea a oiaea ionoonoaoao.
Aeaeaaony auaiae i oii, /oi ionoonoaothuaa ianoiyoaeuenoai (A) yaeyaony
i?e/eiie yaeaiey a. Yoio iaoiae iiaeao i?eiaiyoueny a ea/anoaa
yenia?aiaioaeueiiai enneaaeiaaiey. A anoanoaiciaiee ii aeaao aieaa
i?aaaeiiiaeiaiia caeeth/aiea /ai ia?aue. Iaeiaei a nioeeaeueiii iiciaiee
aai neaaeoao i?eiaiyouen aieueoie inoi?iaeiinoueth, iineieueeo i?e
enneaaeiaaiee nioeeaeueiuo yaeaiee ia anaaaea iiaeii auaeaeeoue
ianoiyoaeuenoaa, i?aaeoanoaothuea yaeaieth.
Niaaeeiaiiue iaoiae noiaenoaa e ?acee/ey. Anee aeaa e aieaa neo/aaa,
eiaaea ianooiaao yaeaiea (O) noiaeia oieueei a iaeiii ianoiyoaeuenoaa
(A), a oi a?aiy eae 2 eee aieaa neo/aaayoiai yaeaiey iao, e ?acee/athony
iie oieueei oai, /oi yoi ianoiyoaeuenoai (A) ionoonoaoao, oi (A) –
i?e/eia. (a oneiaeyo AAN eiaao ianoi O, a one AAeA eiaao ianoi O, a one
AN ionoonoaoao O, a one AeA ionoono O => aa?iyoii oaeoi? A – i?e/eia O.
Iaoiae niioonoaothueo eciaiaiee. Yoio iaoiae caeeth/aaony a neaaeothuai.
Ionoue ianoiyoaeuenoaa AAN i?aaeoanoaotho yaeaieth a. Anee eciaiaiea
iaeiiai ec i?aaeoanoaothueo ianoiyoaeuenoa (A) aucuaaao eciaiaiea
yaeaiey a, oi eciaiaiea ianoiyoaeuenoaa A yaeyaony i?e/eiie eciaiaiey
yaeaiey a. Eniieuecoaony eiaaea i?aaeoanoaothuea yaeaieth
ianoiyoaeuenoaa iaeuecy eciee?iaaoue ae?oa io ae?oaa, o a eiaaea iaeuecy
i?eiaieoue iaoiae aaeeinoaaiiiai ?acee/ey.
Iaoiae inoaoeia. ?anniao?eaaaony neiaeiia yaeaiea U. Iii ?aniaaeaaony ia
?yae i?inouo a b c d. Ec i?aaeoanoaothuaai iiuoa ecaanoii /oi yaeaiea a
aucuaaaony ianoiyoaeuenoai A; aeey b e c aiaeiae/iuie yaeythony
ianoiyoaeuenoaa A e N; e a oiaea a?aiy ecaanoii /oi neiaeiiio yaeaieth U
i?aaeoanoaotho ianoiyoaeuenoaa AAND. Aeaeaaony caeeth/aiea, /oi
inoaaoaany ec i?aaeoanoaothueo ianoiyoaeuenoa (D) yaeyaony i?e/eiie
i?e/eiie inoaaoaainy ec i?inouo yaeaiee, o.a. i?e/eiie d.
73. Oai?aoe/aneee o?iaaiue ciaiee. Eaeaaeecaoeey, iuneaiiia
iiaeaee?iaaiea, aeneiiaoecaoeey e oi?iaeecaoeey eae iaoiaeu iino?iaiey
oai?aoe/. ciaiey.
Ia o?iaia oai?aoe/aneiai iiciaiey i?ienoiaeeo auaeaeaiea nouanoaaiiuo
naycae a iauai aeaea. Nouiinoue iauaeoa i?aaenoaaeyao niaie
acaeiiaeaenoaea ?yaea caeiiia, eioi?ui iiae/eiyaony aeaiiue iauaeo.
Caaea/a oai?ee eae ?ac caeeth/aaony a oii, /oiau ainnicaeaoue ana yoe
ioiioaiey iaaeaeo caeiiaie e o.i. ?ane?uoue nouiinoue iauaeoa.
Neaaeoao ?acee/aoue yiie?e/aneoth caaeneiinoue e oai?aoe/aneee caeii.
Yiie?e/aneay caaeneiinoue yaeyaony ?acoeueoaoii eiaeoeoeaiiai iaiauaiey
iiuoa e i?aaenoaaeyao niaie aa?iyoiinoii-enoeiiia ciaiea. Oai?aoe/aneee
caeii yoi anaaaea ciaiea aeinoiaa?iia. Iieo/aiea oaeiai ciaiey o?aaoao
iniauo enneaaeiaaoaeueneeo i?ioeaaeo?.
A oai?aoe/aneii enneaaeiaaiee ionoonoaoao iaiin?aaenoaaiiia i?aeoe/aneia
acaeiiaeaenoaea n iauaeoaie. Ia yoii o?iaia iauaeo iiaeao eco/aoueny
oieueei iiin?aaeiaaiii, a iuneaiiii yenia?eiaioa, ii ia a ?aaeueiii.
A ea/anoaa iniiaiiai n?aaenoaa oai?aoe/aneiai enneaaeiaaiey aunooiatho
oai?aoe/anee eaeaaeueiua iauaeou. Eo oae aea iacuaatho
eaeaaeece?iaaiiuie iauaeoaie. Yoi iniaua aano?aeoeee a eioi?uo caeeth/?i
niune oai?aoe/aneeo oa?ieiia. Ie iaeia oai?ey ia no?ieony aac i?eiaiaiey
oaeeo iauaeoia. Eo i?eia?aie iiaoo neoaeeoue iaoa?eaeueiay oi/ea,
oa??aeia oaei.
A oai?aoe/aneii enneaaeiaaiee i?eiaiythony iniaua iaoiaeu: eaeaaeecaoeey
(iaoiae eaeaaeece?iaaiiiai iauaeoa); iuneaiiue yenia?eiaio n
eaeaaeece?iaaiiui iauaeoii, eioi?ue eae au caiaiyao ?aaeueiue
yenia?eiaio n ?aaeueiui iauaeoii; iaoiaeu iino?iaiey oai?ee; iaoiaeu
eiae/aneiai e enoi?e/aneiai enneaaeiaaiey.
A neia oai?aoe/aneiai ciaiey iaia?oaeeaathony oaeea acaeiinaycaiiua
ia?aciaaiey eae oai?aoe/aneay iiaeaeue eioi?ay iauyniyao yaeaiey e caeii
eioi?ue oi?ioee?oaony ioiineoaeueii iiaeaee. Iiaeaeue aeeth/aao
eaeaaeece?iaaiiua iauaeou e nayce iaaeaeo ieie. Iai?eia?: anee
eco/athony eieaaaiey ?aaeueiuo iayoieeia, oi aeey oiai /oiau auynieoue
caeiiu eo aeaeaeaiey aaiaeeony i?aaenoaaeaiea ia eaeaaeueiii iayoieea
eae iaoa?eaeueiie oi/ea. Caoai aaiaeeony ae?oaie iauaeo – nenoaia
ion/?oa ( eaeaaeueiia i?aaenoaaeaiea oece/aneie eaai?aoi?ee niaaaeaiie
/anaie e eeiaeeie). E au? iaeei eaeaaeueiue iauaeo – neea (aano?aeoeey
acaeiiaeaenoaey oae).
74. ?ac?aaioea iaoiaeieiaee iao/iiai iiciaiey a iiceoeaecia e
iaiiiceoeaecia.
Iiiyoea “iiceoeaeci” iaicia/aao i?ecuae oeeinioai ioeacaoueny io
iaoaoece/aneeo aano?aeoeee e ia?aoeoueny e enneaaeiaaieth iiceoeaiiai
ciaiey.
Iiceoeaeci aicieeaao a 30-40-o aiaeao 19 a. ai O?aioeee.
?iaeiia/aeueieeii yoiai oa/aiey yae-ny I. Eiio. Ii noi?ioee?iaae caeii i
o?ao iineaaeiaaoaeueiuo noaaeeyo eioaeeaeooaeueiie yaiethoeee /aeiaaea:
oaieiae/aneie, iaoaoece/aneie e iiceoeaiie. Ia ia?aie, oaieia-ie noaaeee
ana yaeaiey iauynioaony ia iniiaa ?aeeaeiciuo i?aaenoaaeaiee, aoi?ay –
iaoaoece/aneay caiaiyao naa?oanoanoaaiiua oaeoi?u a iauyniaiee i?e?iaeu
nouiinoyie, i?e/eiaie. Aoi?ay noaaeey iiaeaioaaeeaaao o?aoueth –
iiceoeaioth
Iiceoeaenoneee iiaeoiae i?aaeiieaaaao aeaa ei?aiiuo i?aia?aciaaiey. A
noa?a iaoee ii icia/aao aa ioeac io iaoaoece/aneeo ianeiaiee. E eioi?ui
Eiio ioiinee i?aoaicee iaoee ia ?ane?uoea i?e/ei yaeaiee e i?iieeiiaaiea
a eo nouiinoue. Ii ooaa?aeaeae, /oi iaoea ia iauyniyao aeaeno-oue, a
eeoue iienuaaao yaeaiey. Io?eoeay i?aaeithth “ iaoaoece/aneoth”
oeeinioeth, Eiio ia ioeacuaaaony io oeeinioee eae oaeiaie. Ii iieaaaao,
/oi aeey aaeaeaaoiiai iiciaiey aeaeno-oe ioaeaeueiuo /anoiuo iaoe
iaaeinoaoi/ii.
Aoi?ay noaaeey a ?acaeoee iiceoeaecia – yiie?eie?eoeoeeci. Aeaiiay
noaaeey nio?aiyao iniiaioth onoaiiaeo iiceoeaecia ia iienaiea
iiceoeaiiai, iiuoiiai ciaiey. Aai i?aaenoaaeoaee ianoaeaatho ia
iaiaoiaeeiinoe ai?ueau a iaoea n caneeeai iaoaoece/aneeo iiaeoiaeia ia
ecuyoea ec iaoee oaeeo iiiyoee, eae “noanoaioeey”, “i?e/eiiinoue”,
“iaoa?eaeueiia”, “eaeaaeueiia”.
O?aoee yoai a ?acaeoee iiceoeaecia – iaiiiceoeaeci – ia/eiaaony a 20-o
a. 20 a. Enoi?e/anee ia?aue e iniiaiie aa?eaio iaiiiceoeaecia –
eiae/aneee iiceoeaeci. I?aaenoaaeoaee eiae/aneiai iiceoeaecia enoiaeeee
ec i?aaeiinueee, /oi i?aaeiaoii oeeinioee ia iiaeao auoue e oai?ey
iiciaiey, iineieueeo aa ?aoaiey auioaeaeaiu auoiaeeoue ia
ie?iaicc?ai/aneoth i?iaeaiaoeeo, a yoi iaecaaaeii iaoaeeeaaao
oeeinioneia iuoeaiea a noa?o “iaoaoece/aneeo” i?iaeai. Ii eo iiaieth,
oeeinioey aiiaua ia eiaao i?aaeiaoa enneaaeiaaiey, iioiio /oi iia ia
yae-ny niaea?aeaoaeueiie iaoeie i eaeie-oi ?aaeueiinoe, a i?aaenoaaeyao
niaie ?iae aeayo-oe, iniaue niinia oai?aoece?iaaiey. Iaiiiceoeaeci
enoieeiauaae enoeio eae niaiaaeaiea auneacuaaiee n iaiin?aaenoaaiiui
iiuoii /aeiaaea. Neaaeoao niaeaneoueny n iaiiiceaeciii a oii, /oi
i?ioeann iuoeaiey, i?ioeann iiciaiey noaiiaeony aeinooiiui eiae/aneiio
enneaaeiaaieth eeoue a ycueiaie oi?ia. O.i., iaiiiceoeaenou naeaeaee
iiaua eaaei oi?ie?othueany oeiu aiaeeca ycuea. Ia yoie iniiaa auee
nicaeaiu i?aaeiinueee oi?iaeecaoeee ia?iiiie iaeanoe aoiaieoa?iiai
ciaiey.
Iaeiie ec aaaei caaea/ yae ioaeaeaiea i?aaeeiae eioi?ua eiatho niune, io
oao eio eeoaiu aai n iao/iie oi/ee c?, e o.i i/enoeoue iaoeo io aanniune
i?aaeeiaeaiee. Ii ?acee/atho 3 oeia iniune i?aaeeiaeaiee 1.auneacuaaiey
ia yiie? oaeoao (anee aiai?yo i oaeoao e ie i /ai aieaa) 2. i?aaeeiae,
niaea?aeauea eia neaaenoaey yoeo auneacuaaiee e iino?iaiiua a niioa n
eia i?aaeeaie (iiaoo auoue naaaeaiu e aune i yiie? oaeoao) 3.
i?aaeeiaeaiey eiaeee e iaoai ( ia niaea?aeao aune i oaeoao, ia aeatho
iiaiai ciaiey i ie?a, iaiaiaeeiu aeey oi?iaeueiiai i?aia?ac oaea
eiathuaainy ciaiey)
*oiau auynieoue eiaao ee i?aaee niune iaiaoiaeei niaoe iaoiae –
aa?eoeeaoeey Nooue a n?aaiaiee i?aaeeiae n aeaenoaeoaeueiinoueth,
oeacaiee eiie?aoi oneiaee, i?e eio iii enoeiii eee eiaeii. Iaoiae
i?iaa?ee aua e onoaiaaeeaaao niune i?aaeeiaeaiey “cia/aiea i?aaeeiaeaiey
caee a iaoiaea aai i?iaa?ee” Oaeoe/aneay enoeia ninoieo a niioa
auneacuaaiey oaeoo. I?aaeeiaeaiey aea oeia “aeooa /ae aannnia?oia”
aanniuneaiu o.e. ia iiaoo auoue i?iaa?aiu.
Iiae oaeoaie ii iiieiatho iuouaiey, ia?aaeeaaiey/, neiaii nino niciaiey.
Ooaa?aeaeaiea i oii, /oi ?ica, a?iiao eio y aaeuoath, iaoa?eaeueia,
?aaii eae ooaa?aeaeaiea, /oi iia eeoue ieiae iiaai aiia?aaeaiey –
iaeeiaeiai eeoaiu niunea. Aoaeo ee y n/eoaoue aa iao eee eaeaaeueiie yoi
ia iiaeeyao ia oaeo , /oi y /oanoaoth aa a?iiao e iia ia noaiao io yoiai
iaoiooue eo/oa eee ooaea”. Cia/eo a i?ioe aa?eoeeaoeee iiaeii n?aaieoue
i?aaeeiaeaiea oieueei n /oanoaaiiuie niaea?aeaieyie e aeaiiuie iuouaiee
eee i?aaeeaaiee. Ieacaeinue, /oi ie iaeei iao/iue caeii, ie iaeii iauaa
ooaa?aeaeaiea oeia “ana ethaee nia?oiu” ia i.a. aa?eoeoee?iaaiu, oae eae
aa? anaaaea ioiineony e eiie?. yiie? oaeoo. A neeo noauaeaoeaecia aa?eo
enoeiu iieiae iaoee ieacaeenue a caaeneiinoe io ioeaiee eaaeaeiai
noauaeoa, i?iecaiae aa?eo. Iiyoiio auei i?aaeeiaeaii n/eoaoue i?aaeeiae
aa?eoeoee?iaaiiui, anee ianeieueei aaoi?eoaoiuo enneaaeia niaeaniu
n/eoaoue aai oaeiaui. O.a e?eoa?ee enoeiu – niaeanea enneaaeiaaoaeae.
Caoai auei i?aaeeiaeaii aeey auyni enoeiiinoe i?aaee. n?aaieaaoue aai n
ae?oa i?aaeeiaeaieyei. Iiieiaiea enoeiu eae niioa oaeoai ia/aei
onooiaoue ianoi acaeyaeo ia enoeio eae ia niaeianiaaiiinoue
i?aaeeiaeaiey n nenoaiie ae? i?aaeeiaeaiee., /oi ia ia iniiaie ciaiey
75. Oeeinioey iaoee E. Iiiia?a: yiie?eci, oaeueneoeeaoeeiieci,
yaiethoeeiiii-aeieiae/aneay eiioeaioeey iaoee.
E Iiiia? (1902), aiae oeeinio e nioeeieia. Aei 1937 a ?aaioae a Aaia, a
1937 – 1945 a Iiaie Caeaiaeee, n 1946 aei na? 70-o – i?io Eiiaeiineie
oeieu yeiiiieee e iieeo iaoe. Iniiaiiieiaeiee e?eoe/aneiai
?aoeeiiaeecia. Ii enoiaeee ec i?aaeiinueee, /oi caeiiu iaoee ia
au?aaeathony aiaeeoe/aneeie noaeaeaieyie e a oiaea a?aiy ia naiaeeiu e
iaaethaeaieyi. A yoi icia/aao, /oi yoe caeiiu ia aa?eoeoee?oaiu. Iaoea,
ii iiaieth E Iiiia?a, ioaeai ae?oaie i?eioeei – ia i?eioeei
aa?eoeeaoeee, a i?eioeei oaeueeoeeaoeee, o.a. ia iiaeoaa?aeaeaiea ia
enoeiiinoue, a ii?iaa?aeaiea iaenoeiiinoe. Oaeueneoeeaoeey ii Iiiia?o,
yoi i?eioeeieaeueiay ii?iaa?aeeiinoue (oaeueneoeoee?oaiinoue) ethaiai
o/?aaeaeaiey, ioiinyuaainy e iaoea. I?eioeei oaeueneoeeaoeee
eniieuecoaony Iiiia?ii eae ?aca?aie/eoaeueiay eeiey a ioaeaeaiee
iao/iiai ciaiey io iaiao/iiai. Yoio i?eioeei a eaeii oi niunea
iaiin?aaenoaaiii iai?aaeai i?ioea i?eioeeia aa?eoeeaoeee. Iiiia?
ooaa?aeaeae, /oi enoeiiui iiaeii n/eoaoue oaeia auneacuaaiea, eioi?ia ia
ii?iaa?aiooi iiuoii. Anee iaeaeaiu oneiaey, i?e eioi?uo oioy au
iaeioi?ua aaceniua “aoiia?iua auneacuaaiey” (oai?ee, aeiioacu) eiaeiu,
oi aeaiiay oai?ey, aeiioaca ii?iaa?aeeia. Eiaaea aea iiuoiia
ii?iaa?aeaiea aeiioacu ionoonoaoao, oi iia iiaeao n/eoaoueny enoeiiie,
eee, ii e?aeiae ia?a, ii?aaaeaiiie. Ii enoieeiaaiea i?eioeeia
oaeueneoeeaoeee eae aioeaa?eoeeaoeee yaeyaony ia oi/iui. O Iiiia?a yoio
i?eioeei eiaao ai?acaei aieaa oe?ieia e i?eioeeieaeueii eiia cia/aiea. N
o.c?. Iiiia?a, iao/iia ciaiea ia naiaeeii e iiuoiiio, yiie?e/aneiio.
Yiie?e/aneia ciaiea – yoi oieueei iaeei o?iaaiue iao/iiai ciaiey.
Ia?yaeo n iei, nouanoaoao e ae?oaie – oai?aoe/aneee. Yiie?e/aneee e
oai?aoe/aneee o?iaie i?aaie/anee naycaiu i/o niaie. Iiyoiio i?eioeei
oaeueneoeeaoeee – yoi ia niinia yiie?e/aneie i?iaa?ee, a ii?aaeaeaiiay
onoaiiaea iaoee ia e?eoe/aneee aiaeec niaea?aeaiey iao/iiai ciaiey, ia
iinoiyiioth iaiaoiaeeiinoue e?eoe/aneiai ia?aniio?a anao aai
aeinoeaeaiee. O.i., Iiiia? ooaa?aeaeaao acaeyae ia iaoeo eae ia
iinoiyiiue aeeiaie/aneee i?ioeann, a eioi?ii iai?a?uaii i?ienoiaeyo
eaeea oi eciaiaiey. I?e/ai, ?acaeoea iao/iiai ciaiey ii Iiiia?o ia
neaaeoao i?aaenoaaeyoue eae i?ia?anneaiue, eoioeyoeaiue i?ioeann, o.a.
i?ioeann aeiaaaeaiey, iaeiieaiey iiauo enoeiiuo ciaiee. Iao/iua oai?ee
iacaaeneiu ae?oa io ae?oaa. Iie a naiai ?acaeoee ia aeiiieiytho a
?acaeaatho ae?oa ae?oaa. A iaoea iinoiyiii i?ienoiaeeo i?ioeann
ia?ano?iae oai?ee. A iaeanoe nioeeaeueiie oeeinioee Iiiia? aunooiee n
e?eoeeie ia?enecia e enoi?ecia. Ii io?eoeaao iauaeoeaiua caeiiu
iauanoaaiiiai ?acaeoey e aiciiaeiinoue nioeeaeueiiai i?iaiice?iaaiey.
76. Eiioeaioeey niaiu iao/iuo ia?aaeeai O. Eoia.
Oaian Eoi (1922) aia? enoi?ee e oeeinio iaoee, iaeei ec eoaea?ia
enoi?e/aneie oeieu a iaoiaeieiaee e oeeinioee iaoee, i?io I?einoiineiai
oieaa?neoaoa. Ii n/eoaao, /oi ia neaaeoao i?aaenoaaeyoue iaoeo eae
nia?aiea enoeiiuo eee eiaeiuo eaeae, auneacuaaiee, oai?ee,
?acaeaathueony ii naiei nianoaaiiui caeiiai – caeiiai iiciaiey. A iaoea
aeaenoaoao /aeiaae-o/aiue eae noauaeo iao/iie aeayoaeueiinoe. Ii
iiae/a?eeaae, /oi iao/iia iiciaiea inouanoaeyaony niiauanoaii o/aiuo
i?ioanneiiaeia, aeaenoaothueo ii iaienaiui i?aaeeai, eioi?ua ?aaoee?otho
eo acaeiiioiioaiey. O.i., Eoi enoiaeeo ec i?aaenoaaeaiey i iaoea eae
nioeeaeueiii einoeoooa, a eioi?ii aeaenoaotho ii?aaeaeaiiua nioeeaeueiua
a?oiiu e i?aaiecaoeee. Ii aeaaiui iauaaeeiythuei ia/aeii iauanoaa o/aiuo
yaeythony ia ii?iu i?io yoeee, a aaeeiue noeeue iuoeaiey, i?eciaiea
aeaiiui iauanoaii ii?aaeaeaiiuo ooiaeaiaioaeueiuo oai?ee e iaoiaeia
enneaaeiaaiey. Yoe iieiaeaiey, iauaaeeiythuea niiauanoai o/aiuo Eoi
iacaae ia?aaeeaiie. “Iiae ia?aaeeaiie, — ienae Eoi – y iiae?acoiaaath
i?eciaiiua anaie iao/iua aeinoeaeaiey, eioi?ua a oa/aiea ii?aaeaeaiiiai
a?aiaie aeatho iao/iiio niiauanoao iiaeaeue iinoaiiaee i?iaeai e eo
?aoaiey”. Ec yoeo iiaeaeae, ii iiaieth Eoia aicieeatho eiie?aoiua
o?aaeeoeee oiai eee eiiai iai?aaeaiey a enneaaeiaaiee. Ia?aaeeaiu eiatho
eae iiciiaaoaeueioth oae e ii?iaoeaioth ooieoeee. Iie aeatho o/aiui
iniiaiua i?eioeeiu eo iiciaaaoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe e oi?iu ?aaeecaoeee
yoeo i?eioeeiia. Ia?aaeeaiu, ii neiaai Eoia yaeythony enoi/ieeii
iaoiaeia, i?iaeaiiuo neooaoeee, noaiaea?oia ?aoaiey i?iaeai, i?eiyouo a
oao eee eiuo niiauanoaao o/aiuo. Aieaa ieceei o?iaiai i?aaiecaoeee
iao/iiai iiciaiey, ii n?aaiaieth n ia?aaeeaiie, yaeyaony iao/iay oai?ey.
Eaaeaeay oai?ey nicaeaaony a ?aieao oie eee eiie ia?aaeeaiu. Oai?ee,
nouanoaothuea a ?aieao ?acee/iuo ia?aaeeai, ia niiinoaaeiu. Iiyoiio
iaeia e oa aea oai?ey ia iiaeao aoiaeeoue a ?aciua ia?aaeeaiu aac
i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai aa na?ueaciiai ia?ainiuneaiey. A yoi icia/aao, /oi
i?e niaia ia?aaeeai iaaiciiaeii inouanoaeoue i?aainoaaiiinoue oai?ee.
Iicaeiaa Eoi iacuaaao ia?aaeeaiu aeenoeeieeia?iuie iao?eoeaie. Iie
aeenoeeieeia?iu, iioiio /oi i?eioaeaeatho o/aiuo e ii?aaeaeaiiiio
iiaaaeaieth, noeeth iuoeaiey, a iao?eoeu – iioiio /oi noiyo ec
oii?yaei/aiuo yeaiaioia ?acee/iiai ?iaea. Aeenoeeieeia?iay iao?eoea ii
Eoio ninoieo ec neaaeothueo yeaiaioia: (1) neiaiee/aneea iaiauaiey eee
oi?iaeeciaaiiua eiino?oeoeee, eniieuecoaiua /eaiaie niiauanoaaie o/aiuo
aac ?aciiaeaney; (2) iaoaoece/aneea iauaiaoiaeieiae/aneea
i?aaenoaaeaiey, eiioeaiooaeueiua iiaeaee; (3) oeaiaioe?othuea aeaiiia
iao/iia niiauanoai oeaiiinoe; (4) ia?acoeu – i?eciaiua i?eia?u.
?acaeoea iaoee Eoi i?aaenoaaeyao eae nea/eiia?aciue, ?aaiethoeeiiiue
i?ioeann, nouiinoue eioi?iai au?aaeaaony a niaia ia?aaeeai. ?acaeoea
iaoee eaeie-oi ia?eiae eaeao a ?aieao aeaiiie ia?aaeeaiu: i?ienoiaeeo
iaeaieeaaiea yiie?e/aneiai iaoa?eaea, ia?aaioea aeaiiuo,
niaa?oainoaothony iaoiaeeee enneaaeiaaiee e o.ae. Yoio ia?eiae ?acaeoey
ciaiey Eoi iacaae ii?iaeiueiie iaoeie. Ii iinoaiaiii aicieeatho i?e/eiu
aeey niiiaiey a yniinoe, i/aaeaeiinoe e iainiiaaiiinoe iauai?eiyouo
oai?aoe/aneeo iieiaeaiee. Ia?aaeeaia eae i?eau/iue noeeue iuoeaiey
?anoaouaaaony, e ia eaeii-oi yoaia ianooiaao e?ecen iniiaiuo enoiaeiuo
iiiyoee a aeaiiie iaoea. Eoi iienuaaao yoio e?ecen eae n
niaea?aeaoaeueiie noi?iiu ?acaeoey iaoee (ianiioaaonoaea iiauo iaoiaeee
noa?ui), oae e n yiioeeiiaeueii-aieaaie (oo?aoa aeiaa?ey e enoiaeiui
i?eioeeiai aeaenoaothuae ia?aaeeaiu ni noi?iiu cia/eoaueiie /anoe
iao/iiai niiauanoaa). E a ia?aoiaea e iiaie ia?aaeeaia aeaenoaotho oa
aea oaeoi?u. Ia?aoiae e iiaie ia?aaeeaia ia iiaeao iniiauaaoueny ia
/enoi ?aoeeiiaeueiuo aeiaiaeao, oioy yoio yeaiaio cia/eoaeai. Caeanue
iaiaoiaeeiu aieaaua oaeoi?u – oaaaeaeaiea e aa?a (yoi ia yecaiaia y
iauynith onoii). Iaeiaei Eoi ia noi?iiiee e??aoeeiiaeueiuo iniiaaiee
niaiu ia?aaeeai. Iiae/a?eeaay yiioeeiiaeueii-aieaaie oa?aeoa? i?eiyoey
?aoaiey, ii oeacuaaao /oi yoi ?aoaiea iie?aaony ia ii?aaeaeaiiua
?aoeeiiaeueiua iniiaaiey eioi?ua caeiaeaiu a eiaeea iao/iiai
enneaaeiaaiey a oao o?aaiaaieyo, eioi?ua i?aaeuyaeytho e noeeth e
niiniao iuoeaiey iiaua iao/iua aeaiiua. Iinoaiaiii yoe ?aoeeiiaeueiua
iniiaaiey oaeoaeythony, e iiaay ia?aaeeaia caaiaauaaao a niiauanoaa ana
aieueoaa eiee/anoai noi?iiieeia iiea ia i?iecieaeao niaia iao/iie
ia?aaeeaiu.
77. Iaoiaeieiaey enneaaeiaaoaeueneeo i?ia?aii E. Eaeaoina.
Ei?a Eaeaoin (1922 Aoaeaiaoo – 1974 Eiiaeii), aiae enoi?ee iaoee, iaeei
ec eeaea?ia enoi?e/aneie oeieu a iaoiaeieiaee e oeeinioee iaoee,
i?eaioe?othuaeny ia eco/aiea caeiiiia?iinoae ?acaeoey iao/iiai ciaiey.
Eaeaoin ?ac?aaioae i?ea eiaeei-ii?iaoeaioth ?aeiino?oeoeeth ?acaeoey
iaoee – iaoiaeieiaeth iao/-enneaaeiaaoaeueneeo i?ia?aii.
Iao/ii-enneaaeiaaoaeueneay i?ia?aiia yaeyaony iniiaiie
no?oeoo?ii-aeeiaie/aneie aaeeieoeae aai iiaeaee iaoee. Ii oa?aeoa?enoeea
Eaeaoina, enneaaeiaaoaeueneea i?ia?aiiu yaeythony aaee/aeoeie iao/iuie
aeinoeaeaieyie e eo iiaeii ioeaieaaoue ia iniiaa i?ia?anneaiiai eee
?aa?anneaiiai naeaeaa i?iaeai. I?ia?anneaiue naeaea i?iaeai – icia/aao
ii Eaeaoino – iao/ioth ?aaiethoeeth. Enneaaeiaaoaeueneay i?ia?aiia
n/eoaaony i?ia?anne?othuae oiaaea, eiaaea aa oai?aoe/aneee ?ino
i?aaeainoeuaao aa yiie?e/aneee ?ino, o.a. eiaaea iia iiaeao
i?aaeneacuaaoue iiaua oaeou. ?aa?ann ianooiaao oiaaea eiaaea iia aeaao
caiicaeaeia iauyniaiea iao/iuo ioe?uoee eee oaeoia, i?aaeainoeuaaiuo e
ioe?uaaaiuo eiieo?e?othuae enneaaeiaaoaeueneie i?ia?aiiie. Anee aeaiiay
enneaaeiaaoaeueneay i?ia?aiia iauyniyao aieueoa, iaaeaee eiieo?e?othuay,
oi iia auoaniyao iineaaeithth ec iai?ioa niiauanoaa o/aiuo.
Eaaeaeay enneaaeiaaoaeueneay i?ia?aiia, n/eoaao Eaeaoin, i?aaenoaaeyao
niaie neiaeioth e no?oeoo?e?iaaiioth nenoaio, ninoiyuoth ec ?yaea
yeaiaioia: “aeanoeiai yae?a” – niaieoiiinoe noaeaeaiee, eioi?ua
yaeythony oai?aoe/aneie iniiaie aeaiiiai noeey iuoeaiey, “cai?aoiiai
iiyna” – noaeaeaiee naycuaathueo enneaaeiaaoaeueneoth i?ia?aiio n
yiie?e/aneeie aeaiiuie, “iaaaoeaiie ya?enoeee” – oeacuaaao, eaeea iooe
enneaaeiaaiey iaaei ecaaaaoue, “iiceoeaiie ya?enoeee” — ?aeiiaiaeoao
iaeaieaa i?aaeii/oeoaeueiua iooe enneaaeiaaiey. Ooaa?aeaeaiey
ninoaaeythuea “aeanoeia yae?i” a ?aieao aeaiiie i?ia?aiiu i?eieiathony
eae iaii?iaa?aeeiua. “Caueoiue iiyn” i?aaeio?aiyao “aeanoeia yae?i” io
ii?iaa?aeaiey, ii eciaiyaony e niaa?oainoaoaony, aeaaiaea?y i?aaeeai
“iiceoeaiie ya?enoeee”, a oaeaea n iiiiuueth i?ioeaaeo? oaeueneoeeaoeee
e aa?eoeeaoeee.
Enoi?ey ?acaeoey iaoee, ii Eaeaoino, — yoi enoi?ey ai?ueau e niaiu
eiieo?e?othueo enneaaeiaaoaeueneeo i?ia?aii, eioi?ua ni?aaiothony ia
iniiaa eo ya?enoe/aneie neeu a iauyniaiee yiie?e/aneeo oaeoia,
i?aaeaeaeaiee iooae ?acaeoey iaoee e i?eiyoee eiio?ia? i?ioea ineaaeaiey
yoie neeu. Ii nooe aeaea caeanue Eaeaoin aini?iecaiaeeo a eiuo oa?ieiao,
a aieaa aeeooa?aioee?iaaiiii aeaea eoiianeoth eiioeaioeeth ?acaeoey
iaoee ia iniiaa ia?aaeeai. Iaeiaei i?e eioa?i?eoaoeee aeaeaeoueo i?e/ei
niaiu enneaaeiaaoaeueneeo i?ia?aii, eiie?aoiuo iaoaieciia ?acaeoey iaoee
Eaeaoin ia ?acaeaeyao acaeyaeu Eoia. Ii aeaeeo a iaoea aioo?aiithth e
aiaoithth enoi?eth. Aioo?aiiyy enoi?ey iaoee aace?oaony ia aeaeaeaiee
eaeae, iaoiaeieiaee, iaoiaeee iao/iiai enneaaeiaaiey, oi, /oi ii neiaai
Eaeaoina, ninoaaeyao nianoaaiiia niaea?aeaiea iaoee. Aiaoiyy enoi?ey –
yoi oi?iu i?aaiecaoeee iaoee e ee/iinoiua oaeoi?u iao/iiai
enneaaeiaaiey. Eoi iiae/a?eeaae ia?iiiia cia/aiea yoeo aiaoieo oaeoi?ia,
Eaeaoin aea ioaeaao ei aoi?inoaiaiiia cia/aiea.
78. I?eioeei i?ieeoa?aoeee e iaoiaeieiae/aneee aia?oeci Oaea?aaaiaea.
Iie Oaea?aaaiae (1924 Aaia, Aano?ey), aia? enoi?ee e oeeinio iaoee. N
1952 a Aaeeeia?eoaiee, n 1958 a NOA.
Ii auaeaeioe iaoiaeieia eiioeaioeeth iacuaaaioth ei “yienoeiieiae/aneei
aia?oeciii”, eioi?ay yaeeanue eoiaii e?eoeee iiceoeaenoeie iaoiaeieiaee
e ?acaeoey iaeioi?uo eaeae Iiiia?a e Eoia. Iie?aynue ia ?ac?aaioaiiia
Iiiia?ii e Eaeaoinii iieiaeaiea i oii, /oi i?e noieeiiaaiee iao/ oai?ee
n iaeioi?ui oaeoii aeey aa ii?iaa?aeaiey ioaeia aua iaeia oai?ey
(i?eaeathuay yoiio oaeoo cia/aiea ii?iaa?aathuaai naeaeaoaeuenoaa),
auaeaeioe iaoiaeieiae/aneee i?eioeei i?ieeoe?aoeee (?aciiiaeaiey)
oai?ee: o/aiua aeieaeiu no?aieoueny nicaeaaaoue oai?ee ianiaianoeiua n
nouanoaothueie e i?eciaiiuie oai?eyie.Nicaeaiea oaeeo aeueoa?iaoeaiuo
oai?ee niinianoaoao eo acaeiiie e?eoeea e onei?yao ?acaeoea iaoee.
Oaea?aaaiae ioaa?aaao nouanoaiaaiea a iaoea oai?aoe/anee iaeo?aeueiiai
yiie?e/aneiai ycuea, n/eoay, /oi ana iao/iua oa?ieiu “oai?aoe/anee
iaa?oaeaiu”. Cia/aiey iao/iuo oa?ieiia aeaoa?ieie?othony oie oai?eae, a
eioi?oth iie aoiaeyo, iiyoiio i?e ia?aoiaea oa?ieia ec iaeiie oai?ee a
ae?oaoth aai cia/aiea iieiinoueth eciaiyaony; eaaeaeay oai?ey nicaeaao
naie nianoaaiiue ycue aeey iienaiey oaeoia. Ionthaea O i?eoiaeeo e
auaiaeo i ianiecia?eiinoe eiieo?e?othueo e niaiythueo ae?oa ae?oaa
aeueoa?iaoeaiuo oai?ee. Eo iaeuecy n?aaieaaoue eae a ioiioaiee e iauaio
yiie?e/aneiio aaceno, oae e n o.c?. eiaeei-iaoiaeieiae/aneeo noaiaea?oia
e ii?i.
Niaaeeiaiea o O ieth?aeecia oai?ee n oacenii ia eo ianiecia?eiinoe
ii?aaeaeaao aia?oeci. Eaaeaeue o/aiue, ii O, iiaeao ecia?aoaoue e
?ac?aaaouaaoue naie nianoaaiiua oai?ee, iaia?auay aieiaiey ia
ianiia?aciinoe, i?ioeai?a/ey e e?eoeeo. Aeayoaeueiinoue o/aiiai ia
iiae/eiyaony ieeaeei ?aoeeiiaeueiui ii?iai. Iiyoiio ?acaeoea iaoee , ii
o, e??aoeeiiaeueii: iiaua oai?ee iiaaaeaeatho e iieo/atho i?eciaiea ia a
neaaenoaea ?aoeeiiaeueii iainiiaaiiiai auai?a e ia aneeo oiai, /oi iie
aeeaea e enoeia eee eo/oa niioaaonoaotho oaeoai, a aeiaaaei?y
i?iiaaaiaeenoeie aeayoaeueiinoe eo noi?iiieeia. A yoii niunea iaoea,
n/eoaao Oaea?aaaiae, ie/ai ia ioee/aaony io ieoa e ?aeeaee. Iiyoiio
neaaeoao inaiaiaeeoue iauanoai io “aeeeoaoa iaoee”, ioaeaeeoue iaoeo io
ainoaea?noaa e i?aaenoaaeoue iaoea, ieoo, ?aeeaee iaeeiaeiaua i?aaa a
iauanoaaiiie aeecie.
79. Iiiyoea iao/iinoe.
Eaeaae iao/iinoe – nenoaia iiciaaaoaeueiuo oeaiiinoae e ii?i, auai?,
noaoon e eioa?i?aoaoeey eioi?uo io oe?ieiai iiciaaaoaeueiiai e
nioeeieoeueoo?iiai eiioaenoa. Aai niaea?aeaiea ninoaaeytho
oa?aeoa?enoeee iao/i. ciaiey:
1) iienaiey e iauyniaiey;
2) iino?iaiea e i?aaiecaoeey ciaiee;
3) aeieacaoaeueiinoue e iainiiaaiiinoue.
Eeanne/aneee eaeaae iao/iinoe eiaao oa??aeia yae?i, ninoiyuaa ec ?yaea
?aaoey?ii aini?iecaiaeeiuo, noaaeeueii aeaenoaothueo iniiaiiieiaeaiee.
Auyaeaiea e ?aoeeiiaeueii e?eoe/aneia ianoaeaeaiea iniiaiiieiaeaiee
eeanne/aneiai eaeaaea noaiiayony aiciiaeiui eeoue a nia?aiaiiinoe,
eiaaea iinea aeeeoaeueiie yiioe ?acaeoey ianooiaao aai ooiaeaiaioaeueiue
e?ecen. Iaeiaei, ianiio?y ia i/aaeaeiue e?ecen, oaeoe/anee ana
iniiaiiieiaeaiey eeanne/aneiai eaeaaea iao/iinoe iaoiaeyo naieo
caueoieeia aieioue aei naaiaeiyoiaai aeiy.
Iaeiei ec oeaio?aeueiuo iniiaiiieiaeaiee eeanne/aneiai eaeaaea iao/iinoe
yaeyaony enoieeiaaiea a i?i noaoona enoeiu. Enoeiiinoue yaeyaony ia
oieueei ii?iaoeaiie oeaiiinoueth, ii e iaiaoiaeeiie iienaoaeueiie
oa?aeoa?enoeeie ethauo iiciaaaoaeueiuo ?acoeueoaoia, i?aoaiaeothueo ia
iao/iinoue.
Iiaeeeiiia iao/iia ciaiea aeieaeii auoue iainiiaaii ooiaeaiaioaeueiui
ia?acii.
Iniiao iaoiaeieiae/aneiai ?aaeoeoeeiiecia ninoaaeyao i?aaenoaaeaiea i
aiciiaeiinoe au?aaioee iaeioi?iai oieaa?naeueiiai noaiaea?oa iao/iinoe.
A niioaaonoaee ni no?aoaaeae iaoiaeieiae/aneiai ?aaeoeoeeiiecia naaiaeiy
iiiaea o/?iua e oeeiniou yoaeii iao/iinoe oniao?eaatho a anoanoaiciaiee,
a a naiii anoanoaiciaiee /aua anaai ia?auathony e oeceea. Eiaaony
oaiaeaioeey ?anniao?eaaoue yoo iaeanoue iao/iiai ciaiey a ea/anoaa
anaiauaai ia?acoea.
A enoi?ee oeeinioee e iaoiaeieiaee iaoee ecaanoiu iiuiua iiiuoee
iino?ieoue niioaaonoaothuea eaeaaeu ia iniiaa auaeaeaeaiey a ea/anoaa
ia?acoeiaiai. yoaeiiiiai oeia iiciaiey ia oieueei oeceee. ii e
iaoaiaoeee. e nioeeaeueii-aoiaieoa?iuo iaoe.
80. EIIIUeTHOA?ECAOeEss e EIOI?IAOeEIIIUA OAOIIEIAEE
Nia?aiaiiia ia-ai iacuaatho eioi?iaoecaoeeiiiui, o.e. eioi?iaoeey
ia?acoao aaaeiaeoee yeaiaio aai aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe. Eioi?iaoecaoeey,
eae i?ioeann ia?aoiaea e eioi?iaoeeiiiiio ia-ao, einioeanue anao noa?
/aeiaa/aneie aeecie. Iiaua eioi?iaoeeiiiua oaoiieiaee ioe?uaatho
neaaeothuoth no?aieoeo a ?acaeoee iaoee e aeecie iao/iiai ia-aa a
oeaeii. Yeaeo?iiiay ii/oa, eiiiuethoa?iua eiioa?aioeee iaania/eaatho
aiciiaeiinoue oaniiai eiioaeoa o/aiuo, eioaineaiiai ianoaeaeaiey
eioa?anothueo i?iaeai. Eioi?iaoecaoeey iao/iuo enneaaeiaaiee – yoi
?aaeecaoeey eiiieaena ia?, iai?aaeaiiuo ia iaania/aia iieiiai e
naiaa?aiaiiiai iieo/aiey aeinoiaa?iuo ciaiee ia iauaeoao enneaaeiaaiee.
Eioi?iaoecaoeey ia?aciaaiey yaeyaony eeth/aaui oneiaeai iiaeaioiaee
niaoeeaeenoia, niiniaiuo i?eaioe?iaaoueny a ie?oaeathuai ie?a. A noa?a
yoie aeayoaeueiinoe i?aoa?iaaatho niuneiaie iaiieiaiea aaciaua caaea/e
ia?aciaaiey. Eioi?iaoeey ia?aciaaiey – i?ioeann, a eioi?ii iieeoe/aneea,
nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneea, oaoiieiae/aneea e i?aaiaua iaoaieciu oanii
naycaiu ia iniiaa oe?ieiai i?eiaiaiey YAI, n?aaenoa, nenoai eieeaeoeaiie
e ee/iie nayce.
Oeaeue eioi?iaoecaoeee – aeiaaeueiay ?aoeeiiaeecaoeey eioaeeaeooaeueiie
aeayoaeueiinoe, iaania/eaathuae aaoioi?iaeecaoeeth i?aaeiaoiuo iaeanoae
e aaoiiiieth i?ioeanna iiciaiey eaaeaeiai eiaeeaeaea ca n/ao
naiaiaeiiai aeinooia ei anai aeaeai, oi?iai e o?iaiyi o/aaiuo ciaiee.
Nouiinoue eioi?iaoecaoeee ia?aciaaiey ninoaaeytho no?oeoo?e?iaaiea
i?ioanneiiaeueiuo ciaiee a caaeaiiuo i?aaeiaoiuo iaeanoyo e iaania/aiea
naiaiaeiiai aeinooia iao/aaiuo e aacai aeaiiuo.
Eiiiuethoa?iia iiaeaee?iaaiea-yooaeoeaiia n?aaenoai iao/aiey. Iieaciui
n?aaenoaii iiaeao auoue eiiiuethoa? e i?e eco/aiee oai, o?aaothueo
onaiaiey aieueoiai iauaia oeeo?iaie e eiie eiie?aoiie eioi?iaoeee.
Eiiiuethoa?u aeatho iiaua aiciiaeiinoe o?aiaiey oiaea e ?acoeueoaoia
?aoaiey iiiaiia?aciuo caaea/, aeeth/ay aeiioneaaiua i?e yoii oeie/iua
ioeaee. Iiieii ?acaeoey eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo oi?i iao/aiey aoaeoo
iiyaeyoueny e iiaua oi?iu niaianoiiai iao/aiey.
Iao/iue yenia?eiaio naaiaeiy ?acaeaaaony ii aeaoi iniiaiui iai?aaeaieyi:
1. iinoiyiii oneiaeiyaony e niaa?oainoaoaony aai iaoa?eaeueiay iniiaa;
2. iioeiecaoeey oi?aaeaiey yenia?eiaioii. Aaoiiaoecaoeey yenia?eiaioa
iicaieyao iiiaie?aoii onei?youe aai i?iaaaeaiea, nouanoaaiii iiauoay
yooaeoeaiinoue o?oaea yenia?eiaioaoi?a. Aaaeiie iaeanoueth i?eiaiaiey
eiiiuethoa?iuo iaoiaeia aeey ?anoeo?iaee yenia?eiaioaeueiie eioi?iaoeee
yaeyaony ainnicaeaiea i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo no?oeoo?iuo iiaeaeae neiaeiuo
iieaeoe ia iniiaa ?aioaaiianeeo nieieia.
Naaiaeiy iiaeii aiai?eoue i aeaoo ini. iai?aaeaieyo eiiiuethoa?iiai
neioaca: 1. naycaii n eni-ai i?ia?aii, iie?athueony ia oaea ecaanoiua
?aaeoeee; 2. i?ia?aiiu, iniiaaiiua ia ia?aai?a eiae/anee aiciiaeiuo
aa?eaioia neioaca iaiaoiaeeiiai niaaeeiaiey. Aaaeiui iai?aaeaieai
aicaeaenoaey eiiiuethoa?ecaoeee ia iao/iue yenia?eiaio yaeyaony
nicaeaaaaiay ath aiciiaeiinoue nouanoaaiiiai nie?auaiey aai iauaia i?e
oneiaee ii?aaeaeaiiie eioi?iaoeeiiiie iiaeaioiaee. O.I.
eiiiuethoa?ecaoeey auaiaeeo iao/iue yenia?eiaio ia ea/anoaaiii iiaue
o?iaaiue ?acaeoey. Iia i?eaaea e iiyaeaieth iiaiai aaaeiiai iaoiaea
enneaaeiaaiey neiaeiuo nenoai e yaeaiee au/eneeoaeueiiai yenia?eiaioa:
ia iniiaa ecaanoiuo caeiiia nicaeaaony iaoaiaoe/aneay iiaeaeue
eco/aaiiai yaeaiey, caoai n iii. YAI enneaaeothony ?acee/iua noi?iiu
iiaeaee. A i?ioeanna yenia?eiaioa a iiaeaeue iiaoo aiineoueny eciaiaiey
e inouanoaeyoueny i?iaa?ea aeiioac.
Eiiiuethoa?u aunooiatho n?aaenoaii iauaiey ethaeae. Iaeaieaa
oieaa?naeueiui n?-aii eiiiuethoa?iiai iauaiey yaeyaony yeaeo?iiiay
ii/oa, eio. iicaieyao ia?anueaoue niiauaiy i?aeoe/anee n ethaie iaoeiu
ia ethaoth. I?e iiiiue eiiiuethoa?ia i?iaiaeyony eiioa?aioeee, naiay
aieueoay – USENET- iauaaeeiyao nioie ouny/ iaoei ii anaio ie?o.
INTERNET- aeiaaeueiay eiiiuethoa?iay naoue, ioaaouaathuay aanue ie?,
iaania/eaaao naycue ?acee/iuo eioi?iaoeeiiiuo naoae.
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