Niaea?aeaiea
1). Aaaaeaiea.
2). Ooieoeee eiieo?aioeee.
3). Iniiaiua iiaeaee ?uiea.
3.1 Iieeiieey.
3.2 Iiiiiieey.
3.3 Iiiiiieenoe/aneay eiieo?aioeey.
3.4 Ieeaiiieey.
4). Niiniau aaaeaiey eiieo?aioiie ai?ueau.
5). Caeeth/aiea.
6). Nienie eeoa?aoo?u.
Aaaaeaiea
Nia?aiaiiay ?uii/iay yeiiiieea i?aaenoaaeyao niaie neiaeiaeoee
i?aaieci , ninoiyuee ec ia?iiiiai eiee/anoaa ?aciiia?aciuo
i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo, eiiia?/aneeo, oeiainiauo e eioi?iaoeeiiiuo no?oeoo? ,
acaeiiaeaenoaothueo ia oiia ?acaaoaeaiiie nenoaiu i?aaiauo ii?i aeciana,
e iauaaeeiyaiuo aaeeiui iiiyoeai – ?uiie.
Ii ii?aaeaeaieth ?uiie – yoi i?aaieciaaiiay no?oeoo?a, aaea
“ano?a/athony” i?iecaiaeeoaee e iio?aaeoaee, i?iaeaaoeu e iieoiaoaee,
aaea a ?acoeueoaoa acaeiiaeaenoaey ni?ina iio?aaeoaeae (ni?inii
iacuaaaony eiee/anoai oiaa?a, eioi?ia iio?aaeoaee iiaoo eoieoue ii
ii?aaeaeaiiie oeaia ) e i?aaeeiaeaiey i?iecaiaeeoaeae (i?aaeeiaeaiea –
yoi eiee/anoai oiaa?a, eioi?ia i?iecaiaeeoaee i?iaeatho ii ii?aaeaeaiiie
oeaia ) onoaiaaeeaathony e oeaiu oiaa?ia, e iauaiu i?iaeaae. I?e
?anniio?aiee no?oeoo?iie i?aaiecaoeee ?uiea ii?aaeaeythuaa cia/aiea
eiaao eiee/anoai i?iecaiaeeoaeae (i?iaeaaoeia) e eiee/anoai iio?aaeoaeae
(iieoiaoaeae), o/anoaothueo a i?ioeanna iaiaia anaiauaai yeaeaaeaioa
noieiinoe (aeaiaa) ia eaeie-eeai oiaa?. Yoi eiee/anoai i?iecaiaeeoaeae e
iio?aaeoaeae, oa?aeoa? e no?oeoo?a ioiioaiee iaaeaeo ieie ii?aaeaeytho
acaeiiaeaenoaea ni?ina e i?aaeeiaeaiey.
Eeth/aaui iiiyoeai, au?aaeathuei nouiinoue ?uii/iuo ioiioaiee
yaeyaony iiiyoea eiieo?aioeee (competition) . Eiieo?aioeeth – yoi oeaio?
oyaeanoe anae nenoaiu ?uii/iiai oicyenoaa, oei acaeiiioiioaiee iaaeaeo
i?iecaiaeeoaeyie ii iiaiaeo onoaiiaeaiey oeai e iauaiia i?aaeeiaeaiey
oiaa?ia ia ?uiea. Yoi eiieo?aioeey iaaeaeo i?iecaiaeeoaeyie. Aiaeiae/ii
ii?aaeaeyaony eiieo?aioeey iaaeaeo iio?aaeoaeyie eae acaeiiioiioaiey ii
iiaiaeo oi?ie?iaaiey oeai e iauaia ni?ina ia ?uiea. Noeioeii ,
iiaoaeaeathuei /aeiaaea e eiieo?aioiie ai?ueaa , yaeyaony no?aieaiea
i?aacieoe ae?oaeo . A niia?ie/anoaa ia ?uieao ?a/ue eaeao i caeeth/aiee
naeaeie e i aeieyo o/anoey a ?uii/iie noa?a . Eiieo?aioiay ai?ueaa – yoi
aeeiaie/aneee ( onei?ythuee aeaeaeaiea ) i?ioeann. Ii neoaeeo eo/oaio
iaania/aieth ?uiea oiaa?aie.
A ea/anoaa n?aaenoa a eiieo?aioiie ai?ueaa aeey oeo/oaiey naieo
iiceoeee ia ?uiea eiiiaiee eniieuecotho , iai?eia? , ea/anoai ecaeaeee,
oeaio, na?aeniia ianeoaeeaaiea, anni?oeiaio, oneiaey iinoaaie e
ieaoaaeae, eioi?iaoeeth /a?ac ?aeeaio.
Ooieoeee eiieo?aioeee.
Ooieoeey ?aaoee?iaaiey. Aeey oiai /oiau onoiyoue a ai?ueaa,
i?aaei?eieiaoaeue aeieaeai i?aaeeaaaoue ecaeaeey, eioi?ua i?aaeii/eoaao
iio?aaeoaeue ( noaa?aieoao iio?aaeoaey ) . Ionthaea e oaeoi?u
i?iecaiaenoaa iiae aeeyieai oeaiu iai?aaeythony a oa io?anee , aaea a
ieo nouanoaoao iaeaieueoay iio?aaiinoue.
Ooieoeey iioeaaoeee. Aeey i?aaei?eieiaoaey eiieo?aioeey icia/aao
oain e ?ene iaeiia?aiaiii:
-i?aaei?eyoey, eioi?ua i?aaeeaaatho eo/ooth ii ea/anoao i?iaeoeoeeth
eee i?iecaiaeyo aa n iaiueoeie i?iecaiaenoaaiiuie cao?aoaie , iieo/atho
aiciaa?aaeaeaiea a aeaea i?eauee ( iiceoeaiua naieoeee ). Yoi
noeioee?oao oaoie/aneee i?ia?ann;
-i?aaei?eyoey, eioi?ua ia ?aaae?otho ia iiaeaeaiey eeeaioia eee
ia?ooaiey i?aaee eiieo?aioeee naieie niia?ieeaie ia ?uiea , iieo/atho
iaeacaiea a aeaea oauoeia eee auoaniythony n ?uiea ( iaaaoeaiua naieoeee
) .
Ooieoeey ?ani?aaeaeaiey. Eiieo?aioeey ia oieueei aeeth/aao noeioeu e
aieaa aunieie i?iaeoeoeaiinoe , ii e iicaieyao ?ani?aaeaeyoue aeioiae
n?aaee i?aaei?eyoee e aeiiaoieo oicyenoa a niioaaonoaee n eo yooaeoeaiui
aeeaaeii. Yoi ioaa/aao ainiiaenoaothuaio a eiieo?aioiie ai?ueaa
i?eioeeio aiciaa?aaeaeaiey ii ?acoeueoaoai.
Ooieoeey eiio?iey. Eiieo?aioeey ia?aie/eaaao e eiio?iee?oao
yeiiiie/aneoth neeo eaaeaeiai i?aaei?eyoey. Iai?eia?, iiiiiieeno iiaeao
iacia/aoue oeaio. A oi aea a?aiy eiieo?aioeey i?aaeinoaaeyao
iieoiaoaeth aiciiaeiinoue auai?a n?aaee ianeieueeeo i?iaeaaoeia. *ai
niaa?oaiiaa eiieo?aioeey , oai ni?aaaaeeeaaa oeaia.
Iieeoeea a iaeanoe eiieo?aioeee i?ecaaia caaioeoueny i oii, /oiau
eiieo?aioeey iiaea auiieiyoue naie ooieoeeth. ?oeiaiaeyuee i?eioeei
“iioeiaeueiie eioaineaiinoe eiieo?aioeee” a ea/anoaa oeaeae iieeoeee a
iaeanoe eiieo?aioeee i?aaeiieaaaao, /oi:
– oaoie/aneee i?ia?ann a ioiioaiee ecaeaeee e i?ia?annia auno?i
aiaae?yaony ( eiiiaaoeey iiae aeaaeaieai eiieo?aioeee) ;
– i?aaei?eyoey aeaei aaeaioe?othony e iaiythueiny oneiaeyi (iai?eia?,
neeiiiinoe iio?aaeoaeae )( aaeaioaoeey iiae aeaaeaieai eiieo?aioeee ).
Ianooaa eioaineaiinoe eiieo?aioeee ii?aaeaeyaony oai, eae nei?i
i?eaiouanoaa a i?eauee oa?ythony a ?acoeueoaoa oniaoiiai
aini?iecaaaeaiey eiiiaaoeee eiieo?aioai. A ia?aoth i/a?aaeue yoi caaeneo
io oiai, ianeieueei auno?i eiieo?aiou ?aaae?otho ia ?uaie aia?aae
i?aaei?eyoey-ieiia?a e ianeieueei aeeiaie/ai ni?in.
A niioaaonoaee n ?oeiaiaeyuei i?eioeeiii iioeiaeueiie eioaineaiie
eiieo?aioeee aeaaii?eyoiua oneiaey aeey ii?iaeueiiai ooieoeeiie?iaaiey
niia?ie/anoaa iiyaeythony oiaaea, eiaaea eiatho aeaei n “oe?ieie”
ieeaiiieeae n “oia?aiiie” eiaeeaeaeoaeecaoeeae i?iaeoeoeee. “Oceay”
ieeaiiieey n neeueiie eiaeeaeaeoaeecaoeeae i?iaeoeoeee , iai?ioea,
oiaiueoaao eioaineaiinoue eiieo?aioeee.
A eaaeaeie ?uii/iie yeiiiieea nouanoaoao iianiinoue oiai, /oi
o/anoieee eiieo?aioiie ai?ueau iiiuoathony oeeiieoueny io iaycaoaeueiuo
ii?i e ?enea, naycaiiuo ni naiaiaeiie eiieo?aioeeae, i?eaaaay, iai?eia?,
e naiai?o i oeaiao eee eieoaoeee oiaa?iuo ciaeia. Iiyoiio ainoaea?noai
aeieaeii ecaeaaaoue ii?iaoeaiua aeieoiaiou, eioi?ua ?aaeaiaioe?otho
i?aaeea eiieo?aioiie ai?ueau e aa?aioe?otho:
– ea/anoai eiieo?aioeee;
– naii nouanoaiaaiea eiieo?aioeee;
– oeaiu e ea/anoai ecaeaeee aeieaeiu auoue a oeaio?a aieiaiey
eiieo?aioeee;
– i?aaeeaaaaiay oneoaa aeieaeia auoue ni?acia?iie ii oeaia e ae?oaei
aeiaiai?iui oneiaeyi;
– caueuaiiua i?aaiauie ii?iaie oiaa?iua ciaee e ia?ee iiiiaatho
iieoiaoaeth ?acee/aoue oiaa?u ii eo i?ienoiaeaeaieth e naiaia?aceth, a
oaeaea noaeeoue i iaeioi?uo eo ea/anoaao;
– ia?aie/aiiay ii a?aiaie iaoaioiay caueoa (20 eao ) e
ca?aaeno?e?iaaiiua i?iiuoeaiiua ia?acoeu, a oaeaea ia?acoeu i?iiuoeaiiie
ynoaoeee .
Iniiaiua iiaeaee ?uiea
A caaeneiinoe io niioiioaiey iaaeaeo eiee/anoaii i?iecaiaeeoaeae e
eiee/anoaii iio?aaeoaeae ?acee/atho neaaeothuea aeaeu eiieo?aioiuo
no?oeoo?:
1. Aieueoia eiee/anoai naiinoiyoaeueiuo i?iecaiaeeoaeae iaeioi?iai
iaeii?iaeiiai oiaa?a e ianna iainiaeaiiuo iio?aaeoaeae aeaiiiai oiaa?a.
No?oeoo?a naycae oaeiaa, /oi eaaeaeue iio?aaeoaeue, a i?eioeeia, iiaeao
eoieoue oiaa? o ethaiai i?iecaiaeeoaey, niia?acoynue n nianoaaiiie
ioeaieie iieaciinoe oiaa?a, aai oeaiie e nianoaaiiuie aiciiaeiinoyie
i?eia?aoaiey aeaiiiai oiaa?a. Eaaeaeue i?iecaiaeeoaeue iiaeao i?iaeaoue
oiaa? ethaiio iio?aaeoaeth, niia?acoynue oieueei n nianoaaiiie auaiaeie.
Ie iaeei ec iio?aaeoaeae ia i?eia?aoaao eaeoth-eeai nouanoaaiioth aeieth
iauaai ni?ina. Aeaiiay no?oeoo?a ?uiea iacuaaaony iieeiieeae e
ii?iaeaeaao, oae iacuaaaioth, niaa?oaiioth eiieo?aioeeth .
2. Ia?iiiia /enei iainiaeaiiuo iio?aaeoaeae e iaeia eiee/anoai
i?iecaiaeeoaeae, eaaeaeue ec eioi?uo iiaeao oaeiaeaoai?eoue
cia/eoaeueioth aeieth iauaai ni?ina. Oaeay no?oeoo?a iacuaaaony
ieeaiiieeae, e ii?iaeaeaao, oae iacuaaaioth, ianiaa?oaiioth
eiieo?aioeeth. I?aaeaeueiui neo/aai aeaiiie no?oeoo?u, eiaaea ianna
iio?aaeoaeae i?ioeainoieo aaeeinoaaiiue i?iecaiaeeoaeue, niiniaiue
oaeiaeaoai?eoue iauee ni?in anao iio?aaeoaeae, yaeyaony iiiiiieey. A
neo/aa, eiaaea ?uiie i?aaenoaaeai ioiineoaeueii aieueoei /eneii
i?iecaiaeeoaeae, i?aaeeaaathueo aaoa?iaaiioth (?acii?iaeioth)
i?iaeoeoeeth, oi aiai?yo i iiiiiieenoe/aneie eiieo?aioeee .
3. Aaeeinoaaiiue iio?aaeoaeue oiaa?a e iiiaeanoai naiinoiyoaeueiuo
i?iecaiaeeoaeae. I?e yoii aaeeiue iio?aaeoaeue i?eia?aoaao aanue iauai
i?aaeeiaeaiey oiaa?a, eioi?ue iinoaaeyaony anai iiiaeanoaii
i?iecaiaeeoaeae. Aeaiiay no?oeoo?a ii?iaeaeaao iniaue oei ianiaa?oaiiie
eiieo?aioeee, iacuaaaiue iiiiiniieae (iiiiiieey ni?ina).
4. No?oeoo?a acaeiinaycae, aaea aaeeiiio iio?aaeoaeth
i?ioeaiiinoaaeyaony aaeeinoaaiiue i?iecaiaeeoaeue (aeaonoi?iiiyy
iiiiiieey),aiiaua ia yaeyaony eiieo?aioiie, ii oaeaea ia yaeyaony e
?uii/iie.
Ii Nieoo nouiinoue eiieo?aioiiai iiaaaeaiey i?iecaiaeeoaeae
ninoaaeyei “/anoiia”- aac naiai?a – niia?ie/anoai i?iecaiaeeoaeae
iin?aaenoaii , eae i?aaeei , oeaiiaiai aeaaeaiey ia eiieo?aioia .Ia
niia?ie/anoai a onoaiiaeaiee oeaiu , a ionoonoaea aiciiaeiinoe aeeyoue
ia oeaio , yaeyaony eeth/aaui iiiaioii a nia?aiaiiie o?aeoiaea iiiyoey
eiieo?aioeee.
?anniio?ei iiae?iaiaa iniiaiua ec auoaia?a/eneaiiuo ?uii/iuo
no?oeoo?.
Iieeiieey (niaa?oaiiay eiieo?aioeey)
Aieueoia /enei i?iaeaaoeia e iieoiaoaeae iaeiiai e oiai aea oiaa?a.
Eciaiaiey a oeaia eaeiai-eeai i?iaeaaoea aucuaatho niioaaonoaothuoth
?aaeoeeth oieueei n?aaee iieoiaoaeae, ii ia n?aaee ae?oaeo i?iaeaaoeia.
?uiie ioe?uo aeey eaaeaeiai. ?aeeaiiua eiiiaiee ia oae aaaeiu e
iaycaoaeueiu, o.e ia i?iaeaaeo i?aaeeaaathony oieueei aiiiaaiiua
(iaeii?iaeiua) oiaa?u, ?uiie i?ic?a/ai e ionoonoaotho eaeea-eeai
i?aaeii/oaiey. Ia ?uiea n iiaeiaiie no?oeoo?ie oeaia – yoi caaeaiiay
aaee/eia. Ia iniiaaiee auoaeceiaeaiiiai iiaeii auaanoe neaaeothuea
aa?eaiou iiaaaeaiey o/anoieeia ?uiea:
Aeoeaioaio oeaiu Oioy oeaia e oi?ie?oaony a i?ioeanna eiieo?aioeee
n?aaee anao o/anoieeia ?uiea, ii a oi aea a?aiy ioaeaeueii acyoue
i?iaeaaaoe ia ieacuaaao ieeaeiai i?yiiai aeeyiey ia oeaio. Anee
i?iaeaaaoe cai?aoeaaao aieaa aunieoth oeaio, ana iieoiaoaee n?aco aea
ia?aoiaeyo e aai eiieo?aioai, oae eae a oneiaeyo niaa?oaiiie
eiieo?aioeee eaaeaeue i?iaeaaaoe e iieoiaoaeue iaeaaeatho iieiie e
i?aaeeueiie eioi?iaoeeae i oeaia, eiee/anoaao i?iaeoeoa, cao?aoao e
ni?ina ia ?uiea
Anee aea i?iaeaaaoe cai?aoeaaao aieaa ieceoth oeaio, oi ii ieaaeaony
ia a ninoiyiee oaeiaeaoai?eoue aanue ni?in, eioi?ue aoaeao i?eaioe?iaai
ia iaai, a neeo aai iacia/eoaeueiie aeiee ia ?uiea, i?e yoii i?yiiai
aeeyiey ia oeaio ni noi?iiu yoiai eiie?aoiiai i?iaeaaoea ia i?ienoiaeeo.
Anee iieoiaoaee e i?iaeaaoeu iinooiatho iaeeiaeiaui ia?acii, oi iie
ieacuaatho aeeyiea ia oeaio.
?aaoeyoi? eiee/anoaa Anee i?iaeaaaoe auioaeaeai niaeaneoueny n
i?aiaeaaeathueie ia ?uiea oeaiaie, oi ii iiaeao i?eniiniaeoueny e ?uieo
iooai ?aaoee?iaaiey iauaia naieo i?iaeaae. A yoii neo/aa ii ii?aaeaeyao
eiee/anoai, eioi?ia ii iaia?ai i?iaeaoue ii caaeaiiie oeaia. Iieoiaoaeth
oaeaea inoaaony eeoue aua?aoue, neieueei ii caoi/ao iieo/eoue ii
caaeaiiie oeaia.
Oneiaey niaa?oaiiie eiieo?aioeee ii?aaeaeythony neaaeothueie
i?aaeiinueeaie:
– aieueoia eiee/anoai i?iaeaaoeia e iieoiaoaeae , ie iaeei ec eioi?uo ia
eiaao caiaoiiai aeeyiey ia ?uii/ioth oeaio e eiee/anoai oiaa?a;
– eaaeaeue i?iaeaaaoe i?iecaiaeeo iaeii?iaeiue i?iaeoeo , eioi?ue ie a
eaeii ioiioaiee ia ioee/ei iao i?iaeoeoa ae?oaeo i?iaeaaoeia;
– aa?uea?u aeey aoiaea ia ?uiie a aeieain?i/iii aniaeoa eeai
ieieiaeueiu, eeai aiiaua ionoonoaoao;
– ieeaeeo eneonoaaiiuo ia?aie/aiee ni?ina, i?aaeeiaeaiey eee oeaiu
nouanoaoao e ?ano?nu – ia?aiaiiua oaeoi?u i?iecaiaenoaa – iiaeeueiu;
– eaaeaeue i?iaeaaaoe e iieoiaoaeue aeaaeaao iieiie e i?aaeeueiie
eioi?iaoeeae i oeaia , eiee/anoaao i?iaeoeoa , cao?aoao e ni?ina ia
?uiea.
Iao?oaeii aeaeaoue, /oi ie iaeei ?aaeueiue ?uiie ia oaeiaeaoai?yao
anai ia?a/eneaiiui oneiaeyi.Iiyoiio noaia niaa?oaiiie eiieo?aioeee eiaao
a iniiaiii oai?aoe/aneia cia/aiea. Iaeiaei iia yaeyaony eeth/ai e
iiieiaieth aieaa ?aaeueiuo ?uii/iuo no?oeoo? . E a yoii aa oeaiiinoue.
Aeey o/anoieeia ?uiea a oneiaeyo niaa?oaiiie eiieo?aioeee oeaia – yoi
caaeaiiay aaee/eia. Iiyoiio i?iaeaaaoe iiaeao eeoue ?aoaoue, eaeia
eiee/anoai oiaa?a ii caoi/ao i?aaeeiaeeoue ii aeaiiie oeaia. Yoi
icia/aao, /oi ii iaeiia?aiaiii aeoeaioaio oeaiu e ?aaoeyoi? eiee/anoaa.
Iiiiiieey
Iaeei i?iaeaaaoe i?ioeainoieo iiiaei iieoiaoaeyi, i?e/ai yoio
i?iaeaaaoe yaeyaony aaeeinoaaiiui i?iecaiaeeoaeai i?iaeoeoa, ia
eiathuaai, e oiio aea, aeeceeo oiaa?ia-caiaieoaeae. Oaeay iiaeaeue eiaao
neaaeothuea oa?aeoa?iua /a?ou:
a) i?iaeaaaoe yaeyaony aaeeinoaaiiui i?iecaiaeeoaeai aeaiiiai oiaa?a
(i?iaeoeoa);
a) ?aaeecoaiue i?iaeoeo oieeaeai a oii niunea, /oi iao aai
caiaieoaeae;
a) iiiiiieeno iaeaaeaao ?uii/iie aeanoueth, eiio?iee?oao oeaiu,
iinoaaee ia ?uiie (iiiiiieeno yaeyaony caeiiiaeaoaeai oeaiu, o.a.
iiiiiieeno iacia/aao oeaio e iieoiaoaeue i?e caaeaiiie iiiiiieueiie
oeaia iiaeao ?aoaoue, eaeia eiee/anoai oiaa?a ii iiaeao caeoieoue, ii a
aieueoeinoaa neo/aaa iiiiiieeno ia iiaeao iacia/aoue i?iecaieueii
aunieoth oeaio, o.e ii ia?a ?inoa oeai ni?in nieaeaaony, a i?e
iaaeathueo oeaiuo ni?in aic?anoaao);
a) ia iooe aoiaea a ?uiie iiiiiieenoii onoaiaaeeaathony
iai?aiaeieeiua aa?uea?u aeey eiieo?aioia – eae anoanoaaiiiai, oae e
eneonnoaaiiiai i?ienoiaeaeaiey,
i?eia?aie anoanoaaiiuo iiiiiieee iiaoo neoaeeoue i?aaei?eyoey
iauanoaaiiiai iieueciaaiey – yeaeo?e/aneea e aaciaua eiiiaiee,
i?aaei?eyoey aiaeiniaaaeaiey, eeiee nayce e o?ainii?oiua i?aaei?eyoey. E
eneonnoaaiiui aa?uea?ai ioiinyony iaoaiou e eeoeaicee, i?aaeinoaaeyaiua
iaeioi?ui oe?iai ia eneeth/eoaeueiia i?aai ooieoeeiie?iaaoue ia aeaiiii
?uiea
Iiiiiieenoe/aneay eiieo?aioeey
Ioiineoaeueii aieueoia /enei i?iecaiaeeoaeae i?aaeeaaaao iioiaeoth,
ii ia eaeaioe/ioth i?iaeoeoeeth, o.a. ia ?uiea i?enoonoaotho
aaoa?iaaiiua oiaa?u. A oneiaeyo niaa?oaiiie eiieo?aioeee oe?iu
i?iecaiaeyo noaiaea?oeciaaiioth (iaeii?iaeioth) i?iaeoeoeeth, a oneiaeyo
iiiiiieenoe/aneie eiieo?aioeee i?iecaiaeeony aeeooa?aioee?iaaiiay
i?iaeoeoeey. Aeeooa?aioeeaoeey cao?aaeaaao i?aaeaea anaai ea/anoai
i?iaeoeoa eee oneoa, aeaaiaea?y /aio o iio?aaeoaey neeaaeuaathony
oeaiiaua i?aaeii/oaiey. I?iaeoeoeey iiaeao auoue aeeooa?aioee?iaaia
oaeaea ii oneiaeyi iineai?iaeaaeiiai ianeoaeeaaiey ( aeey oiaa?ia
aeeeoaeueiiai eniieueciaaiey), ii aeecinoe e iieoiaoaeyi, ii
eioaineaiinoe ?aeeaiu e o.i.
Oaeei ia?acii, oe?iu ia ?uiea iiiiiieenoe/aneie eiieo?aioeee
anooiatho a niia?ie/anoai ia oieueei ( e aeaaea ia noieueei) /a?ac
oeaiu, ii e iooai anaie?iie aeeooa?aioeeaoeee i?iaeoeoeee e oneoa.
Iiiiiieueiinoue a oaeie iiaeaee caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi eaaeaeay oe?ia a
oneiaeyo aeeooa?aioeeaoeee i?iaeoeoeee iaeaaeaao a iaeioi?ie ia?a
iiiiiieueiie aeanoueth iaae naiei oiaa?ii; iia iiaeao iiauoaoue e
iiieaeaoue oeaio ia iaai aia caaeneiinoe io aeaenoaee eiieo?aioia, oioy
yoa aeanoue e ia?aie/eaaaony iaee/eai i?iecaiaeeoaeae aiaeiae/iuo
oiaa?ia. E?iia oiai ia iiiiiieenoe/aneeo ?uieao ia?yaeo n iaeeeie e
n?aaeieie aeinoaoi/ii e?oiiua oe?iu.
I?e oaeie iiaeaee ?uiea oe?iu no?aiyony ?anoe?youe naith iaeanoue
i?aaeii/oaiee iooai eiaeeaeaeoaeecaoeee naiae i?iaeoeoeee. Yoi
i?ienoiaeeo i?aaeaea anaai n iiiiuueth oiaa?iuo ciaeia, iaeiaiiaaiee e
?aeeaiiie eiiiaiee, eioi?ua iaeiicia/ii auaeaeytho ?acee/ey oiaa?ia.
Iiiiiieenoe/aneay eiieo?aioeey ioee/aaony io niaa?oaiiie iieeiieee
ii neaaeothuei i?eciaeai:
– ia niaa?oaiiii ?uiea i?iaeathony ia aiiiaaiiua, a aaoa?iaaiiua
oiaa?u;
– aeey o/anoieeia ?uiea iao iieiie i?ic?a/iinoe ?uiea, e iie
aeaenoaotho ia anaaaea a niioaaonoaee n yeiiiie/aneeie i?eioeeiaie;
– i?aaei?eyoey no?aiyony ?anoe?eoue naith iaeanoue i?aaeii/oaiee
iooai eiaeeaeaeoaeecaoeee naiae i?iaeoeoeee;
– aeinooi e ?uieo aeey iiauo i?iaeaaoeia i?e iiiiiieenoe/aneie
eiieo?aioeee cao?oaeiai a neeo iaee/ey i?aaeii/oaiee.
Ieeaiiieey
Iaiiiai/eneaiiinoue o/anoieeia eiieo?aioeee – eiaaea ioiineoaeueii
iaeia (a i?aaeaeao aeanyoea) /enei oe?i ainiiaenoaoao ia ?uiea oiaa?ia
eee oneoa. I?eia?u eeanne/aneeo ieeaiiieee: “aieueoay o?ieea” a NOA –
“Aeaeaia?ae iioi?c”, “Oi?ae”, “E?aenea?”.
Ieeaiiieee iiaoo i?iecaiaeeoue eae iaeii?iaeiua, oae e
aeeooa?aioee?iaaiiua oiaa?u. Iaeii?iaeiinoue /aua anaai i?aiaeaaeaao ia
?uieao nu?uey e iieooaa?eeaoia: ?oaeu, iaooe, noaee, oeaiaioa e o.ae.;
aeeooa?aioeeaoeey – ia ?uieao iio?aaeoaeueneeo oiaa?ia.
Iaiiiai/eneaiiinoue oe?i niinianoaoao eo iiiiiieenoe/aneei
niaeaoaieyi: ii onoaiiaeaieth oeai, ?acaeaeo eee ?ani?aaeaeaieth ?uieia
eee ii ae?oaei niiniaai ia?aie/aiey eiieo?aioeee iaaeaeo ieie.
Aeieacaii, /oi eiieo?aioeey ia ieeaiiieenoe/aneii ?uiea oai eioaineaiae,
/ai ieaea o?iaaiue eiioeaio?aoeee i?iecaiaenoaa (aieueoaa /enei oe?i), e
iaiai?io.
Aaaeioth ?ieue a oa?aeoa?a eiieo?aioiuo ioiioaiee ia oaeii ?uiea
ea?atho iauai e no?oeoo?a oie eioi?iaoeee i eiieo?aioao e ia oneiaeyo
ni?ina, eioi?ie oe?iu ?aniieaaatho: /ai oaeie eioi?iaoeee iaiueoa,
iaeaieaa eiieo?aioiui aoaeao iiaaaeaiea oe?iu. Iniiaiia ioee/ea
ieeaiiieenoe/aneiai ?uiea io ?uiea niaa?oaiiie eiieo?aioeee naycaii n
aeeiaieeie oeai. Anee ia niaa?oaiiii ?uiea iie ioeuene?otho iai?a?uaii e
aannenoaiii a caaeneiinoe io eieaaaiee ni?ina e i?aaeeiaeaiey, oi i?e
ieiaiiieee eiatho oaiaeaioeeth e onoie/eaie oeenaoeee e eciaiythony ia
oae /anoi. Oeie/ii o.i. eeaea?noai a oeaiao, eiaaea eo i?aeiouanoaaiii
aeeeooao iaeia aaaeouay oe?ia, inoaeueiua aea ieeaiiieenou neaaeotho ca
eeaea?ii. Aeinooi e ?uieo iiaui i?iaeaaoeai cao?oaeiai. A neo/aa
niaeaoaiey ieeaiiieenoia ii iiaiaeo oeai, eiieo?aioeey ana aieueoa
niauaaony a iai?aaeaiee ea/anoaa, ?aeeaiu e eiaeeaeaeoaeecaoeee.
Niiniau aaaeaiey eiieo?aioiie ai?ueau
Eiieo?aioeey a ia?aaiaea n eaoeineiai ycuea cia/eo “noaeeeaaoueny” e
eae auei oaea ioia/aii auoa, icia/aao ai?ueao iaaeaeo
oiaa?ii?iecaiaeeoaeyie ca iaeaieaa auaiaeiua oneiaey i?iecaiaenoaa e
nauoa i?iaeoeoeee. Eiieo?aioeey auiieiyao ?ieue ?aaoeyoi?a oaiiia e
iauaiia i?iecaiaenoaa, iiaoaeaeay i?e yoii i?iecaiaeeoaey aiaae?youe
iao/ii-oaoie/aneea aeinoeaeaiey, iiauoaoue i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue o?oaea,
niaa?oainoaiaaoue oaoiieiaeth, i?aaiecaoeeth o?oaea e o.ae.
Eiieo?aioeey yaeyaony ii?aaeaeythuei oaeoi?ii oii?yaei/aiey oeai,
noeioeii eiiiaaoeeiiiuo i?ioeannia (aiaae?aiea a i?iecaiaenoai
iiaiaaaaeaiee: iiauo eaeae, ecia?aoaiee). Iia niinianoaoao auoaniaieth
ec i?iecaiaenoaa iayooaeoeaiuo i?aaei?eyoee, ?aoeeiiaeueiiio
eniieueciaaieth ?ano?nia, i?aaeioa?auaao aeeeoao i?iecaiaeeoaeae
(iiiiiieenoia) ii ioiioaieth e iio?aaeoaeth.
Eiieo?aioeeth iiaeii oneiaii ?acaeaeeoue ia aeia?iniaanoioth
eiieo?aioeeth e iaaeia?iniaanoioth eiieo?aioeeth.
Aeia?iniaanoiay eiieo?aioeey
Iniiaiuie iaoiaeaie yaeythony:
– iiauoaiea ea/anoaa i?iaeoeoeee;
– nieaeaiea oeai (“aieia oeai”);
– ?aeeaia;
– ?acaeoea aei- e iineai?iaeaaeiiai ianeoaeeaaiey;
– nicaeaiea iiauo oiaa?ia e oneoa n eniieueciaaieai aeinoeaeaiee IO? e
o.ae.
Iaeiie ec o?aaeeoeeiiiuo oi?i eiieo?aioiie ai?ueau yaeyaony
iaieioee?iaaiea oeaiaie, o.i. “aieia oeai”. Iia inouanoaeyaony iiiaeie
niiniaaie: iiieaeaieai oeai, eieaeueiuie eciaiaieyie oeai, naciiiuie
?ani?iaeaaeaie, i?aaeinoaaeaieai aieueoaai iauaia oneoa ii aeaenoaothuei
oeaiai, oaeeeiaieai n?ieia iio?aaeoaeueneiai e?aaeeoa e ae?. A iniiaiii
oeaiiaay eiieo?aioeey eniieuecoaony aeey auoaeeeaaiey n ?uiea aieaa
neaauo niia?ieeia eee i?iieeiiaaiey ia oaea inaiaiiue ?uiie.
Aieaa yooaeoeaiie e aieaa nia?aiaiiie oi?iie eiieo?aioiie ai?ueau
yaeyaony ai?ueaa ca ea/anoai i?aaeeaaaaiiai ia ?uiie oiaa?a. Iinooieaiea
ia ?uiie i?iaeoeoeee aieaa aunieiai ea/anoaa eee iiaie iio?aaeoaeueiie
noieiinoe cao?oaeiyao ioaaoiua ia?u ni noi?iiu eiieo?aioa, o.e.
“oi?ie?iaaiea” ea/anoaa i?ioiaeeo aeeeoaeueiue oeeee, ia/eiathueeny n
iaeiieaiey yeiiiie/aneie e iao/ii-oaoie/aneie eioi?iaoeee. A ea/anoaa
i?eia?a iiaeii i?eaanoe oio oaeo, /oi ecaanoiay yiiineay oe?ia “SONY”
inouanoaeyea ?ac?aaioeo aeaeaiiaaieoioiia iaeiia?aiaiii ii 10
eiieo?e?othuei iai?aaeaieyi.
A ianoiyuaa a?aiy iieo/eee i/aiue aieueoia ?acaeoea ?acee/iiai ?iaea
ia?eaoeiaiaua enneaaeiaaiey, oeaeueth eioi?uo yaeyaony eco/aiey cai?inia
iio?aaeoaey, aai ioiioaiey e oai eee eiui oiaa?ai, o.e. ciaiea
i?iecaiaeeoaeai iiaeiaiiai ?iaea eioi?iaoeee iicaieyao aio aieaa oi/ii
i?aaenoaaeyoue aoaeoueo iieoiaoaeae aai i?iaeoeoeee, aieaa oi/ii
i?aaenoaaeyoue e i?iaiice?iaaoue neooaoeeth ia ?uiea a ?acoeueoaoa aai
aeaenoaee, oiaiueoaoue ?ene iaoaea/e e o.ae.
Aieueooth ?ieue ea?aao aei- e iineai?iaeaaeiia ianeoaeeaaiea
iieoiaoaey, o.e. iaiaoiaeeii iinoiyiiia i?enoonoaea i?iecaiaeeoaeae a
noa?a ianeoaeeaaiey iio?aaeoaeae. I?aaei?iaeaaeiia ianeoaeeaaiea
aeeth/aao a naay oaeiaeaoai?aiea o?aaiaaiee iio?aaeoaeae ii oneiaeyi
iinoaaie: nie?auaiea, ?aaoey?iinoue, ?eoie/iinoue iinoaaie (iai?eia?,
eiiieaeoothueo aeaoaeae e oceia). Iineai?iaeaaeiia ianeoaeeaaiea-
nicaeaiea ?acee/iuo na?aeniuo oeaio?ia ii ianeoaeeaaieth eoieaiiie
i?iaeoeoeee, aeeth/ay iaania/aiea caianiuie /anoyie, ?aiiio e o.i.
A nayce n aieueoei aeeyieai ia iauanoaaiiinoue n?aaenoa ianniaie
eioi?iaoeee, i?annu ?aeeaia yaeyaony aaaeiaeoei iaoiaeii aaaeaiey
eiieo?aioiie ai?ueau, o.e. n iiiiuueth ?aeeaiu iiaeii ii?aaeaeaiiui
ia?acii oi?ie?iaaoue iiaiea iio?aaeoaeae i oii eee eiii oiaa?a, i?e/ai
eae a eo/ooth, oae e a ooaeooth noi?iiu, a ea/anoaa aeieacaoaeuenoaa
iiaeii i?eaanoe neaaeothuee i?eia?:
Ai a?aiaia nouanoaiaaiey O?A o caiaaeiiaa?iaineeo iio?aaeoaeae
aieueoei ni?inii iieuecoaony o?aioeocneia ieai. Caiaaeiiaa?iaineea
i?iecaiaeeoaee aeaeaee ana, /oiau ia aeiionoeoue o?aioeocneia ieai ia
aioo?aiiee ?uiie O?A. Ie ?aeeaia iaiaoeeiai ieaa, ie iao?eioe/aneea
i?ecuau “iaioeu, iaeoa iaiaoeeia ieai”, ie iaieioee?iaaiea oeaiaie, ie e
/aio ia i?eaaee. Oiaaea i?anna O?A noaea aeaeaoue oii? ia oi, /oi
o?aioeocneia ieai niaea?aeeo ?acee/iua a?aaeiua aeey caei?iauey
oeie/aneea aauanoaa, a oi a?aiy eae iaiaoeeia yeiau yaeyaony
eneeth/eoaeueii /enoui i?iaeoeoii. Ia/aeenue ?acee/iua aeoeee a i?anna,
a?aeo?aaeiua noaeu, iaaeeoeeineea yenia?oecu, A ?acoeueoaoa anaai yoiai
ni?in ia o?aioeocneia ieai ana-oaee oiae – ia anyeee neo/ae iaioeu
ia?anoaee iieoiaoue o?aioeocneia ieai.
Ii ia?yaeo n iaoiaeaie aeia?iniaanoiie eiieo?aioeeae nouanoaotho e
ae?oaea, iaiaa caeiiiua iaoiaeu aaaeaiey eiieo?aioiie ai?ueau:
Iaaeia?iniaanoiay eiieo?aioeey
Iniiaiuie iaoiaeaie yaeythony:
– yeiiiie/aneee (i?iiuoeaiiue oieiiaae);
– iiaeaeaeea i?iaeoeoeee eiieo?aioia;
– iiaeeoi e oaioaae;
– iaiai iio?aaeoaeae;
– iaoeiaoeee n aeaeiaie io/aoiinoueth;
– aaethoiua iaoeiaoeee;
– nie?uoea aeaoaeoia e o.ae.
E yoiio iiaeii oaeaea aeiaaaeoue e iao/ii-oaoie/aneee oieiiaae, o.e.
ethaay iao/ii-oaoie/aneay ?ac?aaioea oieueei oiaaea yaeyaony enoi/ieeii
i?eauee, eiaaea iia iaoiaeeo i?eiaiaiea a i?aeoeea, o.a. eiaaea
iao/ii-oaoie/aneea eaeae aiieiuathony ia i?iecaiaenoaa a aeaea
eiie?aoiuo oiaa?ia eee iiauo oaoiieiaee.
Iaoaio eae noeioe i?iiuoeaiiiai oieiiaaea
Eiaiii i?iiuoeaiiue oieiiaae oae neacaoue “nicaeae” iaoaio ia
ecia?aoaiea. Iineieueeo nio?aieoue nae?aou i?iecaiaenoaa ia oaeaaaeinue,
ecia?aoaoaeue, iio?aoeaoee aiaeu o?oaea, iia e ia iieo/eoue ieeaeiai
aiciaa?aaeaeaiey ca naia ecia?aoaiea, o.e. ?acoeueoaoii ecia?aoaiey
/anoi iieueciaaeenue niaa?oaiii iinoi?iiiea, ia eiathuea ie eaeiai
ioiioaiey e ecia?aoaieth ethaee. I?aaeioa?aoeoue oaeoth
iani?aaaaeeeainoue aeieaeai aue iaoaio.
Iaoaio – yoi aeieoiaio, oaeinoiaa?ythuee ecia?aoaiea e cae?aieythuee
ca iaeaaeaoaeai iaoaioa eneeth/eoaeueiia i?aai ia iieueciaaiea
?acoeueoaoaie naiaai ecia?aoaiey. Anee iaoaio eniieuecoaony aac
?ac?aoaiey aeaaeaeueoea, ii iiaeao /a?ac noae aicianoeoue oauoee eee
i?ae?aoeoue iacaeiiiia iieueciaaiea aai ecia?aoaieai. E?iia yoiai, ii
iiaeao auaeaoue eeoeaiceth ae?oaei eeoeai ia eniieueciaaiea
caiaoaioiaaiiiai ecia?aoaiey.
Ii iaoaio, oai?aoe/anee iai?aaeaiiue i?ioea i?iiuoeaiiiai oieiiaaea,
i?aeoe/anee yaeeny naiaai ?iaea noeioeii yoiai yaeaiey. Iaeei ec ia?auo
caeiiia i iaoaioao ia ecia?aoaiea aue ecaeai ai O?aioeee a eiioea XVIII
aaea, a iai aiai?eeinue, /oi ca anyeei, eoi ia?aui i?eaacao ai O?aioeeth
eaeia-eeai eiino?aiiia ecia?aoaiea, i?eciathony oaeea aea eueaiou,
eaeeie au iieueciaaeny au aai ecia?aoaoaeue. Oaeei ia?acii, ca
i?iiuoeaiiui oieiiii i?eciathony i?aaa ?aaiua i?aaai ecia?aoaoaey.
Nia?aiaiiue yeiiiie/aneee oieiiaae
*anoi oa?ieiu “i?iiuoeaiiue” e “yeiiiie/aneee” oieiiaae eniieuecotho
eae neiiieiu. Ii iaaeaeo ieie nouanoaoao ii?aaeaeaiiay ?acieoea, o.e. a
i?eioeeia i?iiuoeaiiue oieiiaae yaeyaony /anoueth yeiiiie/aneiai.
Yeiiiie/aneee oieiiaae naa?o i?iiuoeaiiiai ioaaouaaao e oaeea noa?u, eae
iieacaoaee aaeiaie iaoeeiiaeueiue i?iaeoeo – yoi:
1). ?uii/iay noieiinoue anae i?iecaaaeaiiie a iauanoaa eiia/iie
i?iaeoeoeee e oneoa ca aiae;
2). noiia aeioiaeia i?aaei?eyoee, i?aaiecaoeee e ianaeaiey a
iaoa?eaeueiii e iaiaoa?eaeueiii i?iecaiaenoaa e aii?oecaoeeiiiuo
io/eneaiee) , aai ?ani?aaeaeaiea ii io?aneyi yeiiiieee, i?ioeaioiua
noaaee, caianu i?e?iaeiuo ?ano?nia, aiciiaeiua eciaiaiey a oaoie/aneie
iieeoeea, i?iaeou nicaeaiey e?oiiuo ainoaea?noaaiiuo iauaeoia –
caaiaeia, iieeaiiia, iaaeno?aeae e o.ae.
Ioaao ia aii?in, ii/aio yeiiiie/aneee oieiiaae eioa?anoaony
auoaia?a/eneaiiuie iieacaoaeyie ainoaea?noaa, caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi
iiiaea no?aiu aeatho iaiauaiiua aeaiiua, ec eioi?uo o?oaeii onoaiiaeoue
oi?ie?iaaiea aeioiaeia e ?anoiaeia oie eee eiie io?anee eee anaai
ainoaea?noaa. Iniaaiii yoi ioiineony e oaeei noa?ai, eae oeiaine?iaaiea
?acee/iiai ?iaea iao/ii-enneaaeiaaoaeueneeo ?aaio a iaeanoe yaea?iie
oeceee e yeaeo?iieea, einie/aneie i?iiuoeaiiinoe e ae?. Oi aea ioiineony
e e niaea?aeaieth ?acee/iiai ?iaea niaoeneoaea.
A i?eioeeia, a iaoa a?aiy, ethaia i?aaeoaeuenoai oi?ioi ?acaeoie
no?aiu ?aniieaaaao e?oiiuie aeaiaaeiuie n?aaenoaaie, ia eiio?iee?oaiuie
ia?eaiaioii. Yoe noiiu iiaoo auoue ne?uou a ?acee/iuo noaoueyo
ainoaea?noaaiiuo ?anoiaeia eee ia o/oaiu a ioaeeeoaiii ainoaea?noaaiiii
athaeaeaoa. Oaeei iooai ne?uoiai oeiaine?iaaiey auea nicaeaia, iai?eia?,
aoiiiay aiiaa a NOA. Aa nicaeaiea noieei i?aaeoaeuenoao 2 ie?ae.
aeieea?ia.
Iniiaiuie iauaeoaie aieiaiey i?iiuoeaiiiai oieiiaaea yaeythony
iaoaiou, /a?oaaee, nae?aou i?iecaiaenoaa, oaoiieiaee, no?oeoo?a
ecaea?aeae; yeiiiie/aneee oieiiaae e?iia i?iiuoeaiiuo nae?aoia
ioaaouaaao, e iae?iyeiiiie/aneea iieacaoaee e aeeth/aao a naay ?acaaaeeo
i?e?iaeiuo ?ano?nia, auyaeaiea i?iiuoeaiiuo caiania; a nayce n ?acaeoeai
ia?eaoeiaa aieueooth oeaiiinoue i?eia?aoaao nai? eioi?iaoeee i aeonao e
aeioiaeao ?acee/iuo nioeeaeueiuo a?oii iauanoaa.
N ?acaeoeai i?iiuoeaiiiai oieiiaaea i?iiuoeaiiua iiiiiieee ouaoaeueii
io?aiytho niaea?aeaiea iaoaioia, ?acoeueoaou iao/ii-oaoie/aneeo
enneaaeiaaiee, i?iaeou e yneecu ethaie naiae i?iaeoeoeee. A
i?aaiecaoeeiiioth no?oeoo?o OIE aoiaeyo o.i. oaoie/aneea oeaio?u,
iniiaiie caaea/ae eioi?uo yaeyaony ?ac?aaioea iiauo oiaa?ia, iiauoaiea
ea/anoaa oaea nouanoaothuae i?iaeoeoeee, ?ac?aaioea iiauo oaoiieiaee e
o.ae.
A oeaeyo iiauoaiey i?eauee OIE no?aiyony e onoaiiaeaieth enoeiiie
oeaiiinoe nianoaaiiie i?iaeoeoeee. Aeey yoiai i?iecaiaeeony
aeaoaeueiaeoee aiaeec i?iaeoeoeee eiieo?aioia n oeaeueth onoaiiaeaiey
n?aaieoaeueiiai ea/anoaa naiae i?iaeoeoeee.
Ana i?iiuoeaiiua iiiiiieee eiatho canae?a/aiiua eaai?aoi?ee, aaea ii
anai ia?aiao?ai n?aaieaatho o?iaie oaoie/anee ?aoaiee, ea/anoai,
i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue e iaaeaaeiinoue naiae i?iaeoeoeee n aiaeiae/iie
i?iaeoeoeeae eiieo?aioia. A yoeo eaai?aoi?eyo ?acae?atho eaaeaeue ocae e
aa?aaao nianoaaiiuo iaoei e aiaeiae/iie i?iaeoeoeee eiieo?aioia, /oiau
iauaeoeaii n?aaieoue eo e auyaeoue aeaenoaeoaeueioth oeaiiinoue oie eee
eiie i?iaeoeoeee. O/eouaathony ana iaaeinoaoee eee i?aeiouanoaa naieo e
/oaeeo oiaa?ia. Ana eo/oaa o eiieo?aioia ia?aieiatho e i?eniinaaeeaatho
aeey naieo iaoei, iaoaieciia e eiino?oeoeee, anee i?e yoii iiaeii iaieoe
iaoaioiia caeiiiaeaoaeuenoai eee anee yoi auaiaeii oe?ia.
Iaaeinoaoee naiae i?iaeoeoeee ouaoaeueii eco/athony. Caoai euoony
iooe eo ono?aiaiey, anee yoi ieacuaaaony auaiaeii. Ii ieeiaaea
eioi?iaoeey i neaauo noi?iiao naiae i?iaeoeoeee ia auoiaeeo ca i?aaeaeu
oaeeo eaai?aoi?ee e eiia/ii ieeiaaea ia aeioiaeeo aei iau/iuo
iio?aaeoaeae. Naii nouanoaiaaiea oaeeo eaai?aoi?ee oaeaea ia
aoeoe?oaony.
Nouanoaotho ?acee/iua niiniau iieo/aiey eiioeaeaioeeaeueiie
eioi?iaoeee i aeayoaeueiinoe eiieo?aioia, eae caeiiiuo, oae e
iacaeiiiuo. Caeiiiuie n?aaenoaaie n/eoathony nai? e aiaeec eioi?iaoeee
ec ioeoeeaeueii ioaeeeoaiuo enoi/ieeia, aeieeaaeia, io/aoia, eco/aiee
i?iaeoeoeee eiieo?aioia e o.ae.
Iniiaiuie caeiiiuie iooyie nai?a eioi?iaoeee i eiieo?aioao yaeythony:
ioaeeeaoeee eiieo?aioia e io/aou i aeayoaeueiinoe oe?i; naaaeaiey,
aeaiiua ioaee/ii auaoeie neoaeaueie eiieo?aioia; aaeaaiaeiua oeiainiaua
io/aou; iaci?u ?uieia e aeieeaaeu eiaeaia?ia-eiinoeueoaioia; auioneaaiua
eiieo?aioaie ecaeaiey; aiaeec ecaeaeee eiieo?aioia; io/aou ca?oaaaeiuo
oeeeaeia e ae?.
Oae eae eaaeaeay OIE ciaao i aiciiaeiuo aeaenoaeyo, enneaaeiaaiee
i?ioea iaa ni noi?iiu eiieo?aioia, oi a ioeoeeaeueiuo ioaeeeaoeeyo e
io/aoao eaaeaeay OIE noa?aaony aeaoue ieieiaeueioth eioi?iaoeeth i naiae
aeayoaeueiinoe e oeiainiaii iieiaeaiee, i iao/ii-enneaaeiaaoaeueneeo
?aaioao. A iniiaiii, ethaay e?oiiay eiiiaiey ninoaaeyao ianeieueei
aa?eaioia io/aoa.
Io/ao, io?aaeathuee enoeiiia ninoiyiea aeae, a n/eoaiiuo yecaiiey?ao
i?aaenoaaeyaony aunoei ?oeiaiaeeoaeyi OIE, eioi?ua ii?aaeaeytho iieeoeeo
e no?aoaaeth ei?ii?aoeee.
Ae?oaie aa?eaio io/aoa, ec eioi?iai eneeth/aia iaeaieaa aaaeiay e
ee/iay eioi?iaoeey, no?oeoo?a i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo ecaea?aeae,
i?aaeinoaaeyaony ?oeiaiaeeoaeyi ei?ii?aoeee n?aaeiaai o?iaiy, iaeioi?ui
oi?aaeythuei ca?oaaaeiuie oeeeaeaie, iaeioi?ui eeoeai ec n?aaeu
iniiaiuo aeoeeiia?ia.
Aiciiaeai e o?aoee – iiioey?iue aa?eaio io/aoa, a eioi?ii ionoonoaoao
i?aeoe/anee anyeee niune, ii caoi i?enoonoaotho ioee/iua eeethno?aoeee,
io/ao i?ae?anii ecaeai e o.ae.; oaeie io/ao i?aaeiacia/ai aeey
aeoeeiia?ia e oe?ieie iauanoaaiiinoe.
Ii eiieo?e?othuea oe?iu, ciay i aiciiaeiuo niiniaao nie?uoey
eioi?iaoeee, inouanoaeytho nai? eiioeaeaioeeaeueiie eioi?iaoeee
neaaeothueie iooyie:
– ?acee/iiai ?iaea aii?inu, caaeaaaaiua niaoeeaeenoai eiieo?aioa;
– i?eaeaoaiea ia ?aaioo niaoeeaeenoia eiieo?aioa;
– eiaeiua i?aaeeiaeaiey ?aaiou niaoeeaeenoai ec oe?i-eiieo?aioia aac
iaia?aiey a?aoue eo ia ?aaioo.
Oaeaea iiaoo auoue ?aaeeciaaiu neaaeothuea niiniau:
– oaeiia iaaethaeaiea ca eioa?anothuei niaoeeaeenoii, ioaeaeii,
eaai?aoi?ee;
– eniieueciaaiea i?ioanneiiaeueiuo oieiiia aeey iieo/aiey eioi?iaoeee;
– iiaeeoi nio?oaeieeia ec iniiaiuo ioaeaeia eiieo?aioa;
– aiaae?aiea “ioaeiuo” eeoe a no?oeoo?o oe?iu-eiieo?aioa;
– iiaeneooeaaiea ?acaiai?ia e o.ae.;
– iioeuaiea /a?oaaeae, ia?acoeia, aeieoiaioia;
– oaioaae e ae?oaea niiniau aeaaeaiey;
– iieo/aiea eioi?iaoeee io enoi/ieeia a ainoaea?noaaiiuo no?oeoo?ao;
– nai? eioi?iaoeee /a?ac ca?oaaaeiua oeeeaeu e /a?ac iaueo iinoaaueeia.
Aua iaeiei ec yooaeoeaiuo niiniaia yeiiiie/aneiai oieiiaaea yaeyaony
aiaae?aiea “naiaai /aeiaaea” a ainoaea?noaaiiua i?aaiu, i?ecaaiiua
?aaoee?iaaoue aeayoaeueiinoue i?iiuoeaiiuo iiiiiieee, /oi iicaieyao
iieo/aoue iaiaoiaeeioth eioi?iaoeeth i eiieo?aioao, eiio?iee?iaaoue
aeaenoaey naycaiiua n aioeiiiiiieueiie iieeoeeie e o.i.
Iiaeaiaey eoia auoaneacaiiiio iiaeii naeaeaoue auaiae, /oi iniiaiie
eaeae i?iiuoeaiiiai oieiiaaea aeey OIE yaeyaony nio?aiaiea naieo
nae?aoia e iieo/aiea eioi?iaoeee i nae?aoao eiieo?aioa.
I?iiuoeaiiue oieiiaae e oaeueneoeeaoeey
oe?iaiiie i?iaeoeoeee
*anoiia nianoaaiiinoue ia ecia?aoaiey onoaiaaeeaaaony /a?ac
iaoaioiaaiea. N yeiiiie/aneie oi/ee c?aiey iaoaioiaaiea ?aaiicia/ii
iiiiiieecaoeee auaiae, naycaiiuo n eniieueciaaieai iaoaioa.
A iniiaiii iaoaio i?aaeinoaaeyao ?aaeueiua auaiaeu a oa/aiee naie
eao, /oi iicaieyao ca yoi a?aiy iieo/eoue iaiaeoth i?eaueue aai
aeaaeaeueoeo. Ii n ae?oaie noi?iiu, iiyaeaiea iaoaioa, cai?auathuaai
eniieueciaaoue eaeia-eeai iaoaioiaaiiia ioe?uoea iaiin?aaenoaaiii
eiieo?aioaie, canoaaeyao eo ia oi?ne?iaaiioth ?ac?aaioeo eaeeo-oi iiauo
oaoie/aneeo i?eaiia, oaoiieiaee.
E?iia oiai, iiiaea e?oiiaeoea ecia?aoaiey /anoi ia iaoaioothony,
/oiau ia i?eaeaeaoue e iei aieiaiey eiieo?e?othueo eiiiaiee. Yoi /aua
anaai ioiineony e oaoiieiaeyi, oaoie/aneei i?ioeannai, eioi?ua o?oaeii
neiie?iaaoue, a ioee/ea io nicaeaiey iiauo oiaa?ia.
Iooue io ecia?aoaiey aei eiiia?/aneiai eniieueciaaiey o?aaoao
aieueoeo oeiainiauo, o?oaeiauo e iaoa?eaeueiuo cao?ao. Iiyoiio, anee iao
iianiinoe, /oi eiieo?aio ia aiaae?eo ecia?aoaiea auno?aa /ai naia
ei?ii?aoeey, oi ecia?aoaiea ia iaoaiooaony, anee aea nouanoaoao ?ene,
/oi ecia?aoaiea aoaeao eniieueciaaii eiieo?aioii, aai n?aco aea
iaoaiootho e eiieo?aio auioaeaeai 15-20 eao iaeeaeaoue, iiea enoa/ao
n?ie iiiiiieueiiai i?aaa. Nae?aou i?iecaiaenoaa oao eee eiuo oiaa?ia ia
iaoaioothony n oai, /oiau ii enoa/aiee ii?aaeaeaiiiai n?iea ia
iaia?iaeiaaoue oaoiieiaeth eo ecaioiaeaiey. Iaee/ea iaoaioa neoaeeo
iiuiui n?aaenoaii aeey eiio?iey iaae ?uieii, o.e. aai ia?ooaiea ea?aaony
eiioeneaoeeae iacaeiiii i?iecaaaeaiiie i?iaeoeoeee, aiciauaieai oauoeia
e oieaoie ia?ooeoaeai e?oiiuo oo?aoia, aeinoeaathueo 10 iei. aeieea?ia.
Iaoaiou i?eiaiythony, i?aaeaea anaai, aeey io?aiu i?iaeoeoeee oe?iu io
iiaeaeaeie eee eieoaoeee ea/anoaaiiuo oiaa?ia.
Aeey oe?i, /ueth i?iaeoeoeeth eiie?otho, iiaeaeaeee eiatho
eaoano?ioe/aneea iineaaenoaey: ?acei noaeaaony ?uiie nauoa, i?eaueue
?acei nieaeaaony, ooiaey e i?iecaiaeeoaeyi iiaeaeaeie, iiaeaeaeee
iiae?uaatho aaoi?eoao oe?iu, o.e. iiaeaeaeee e?iia naiae aeaoaaeciu
eiatho aua e ieceia ea/anoai, iiyoiio iiaeaeaeee auno?i auoiaeyo ec
no?iy, oooaeoay oai naiui aeiaa?ea iio?aaeoaeae e oe?ia, /uey ia?ea auea
iiaeaeaeaia.
Iaoiaeu i?iiuoeaiiiai oieiiaaea
Ia?yaeo n oe?iei ecaanoiuie iaoiaeaie nia?aiaiiue i?iiuoeaiiue
oieiiaae iieuecoaony iiaaeoeie aeinoeaeaieyie iaoee e oaoieee. I/aiue
/anoi noaee eniieueciaaoueny ?acee/iiai ?iaea iee?ineiie/aneea i?eai?u
ia iniiaa ?acee/iuo yeaeo?iiiuo noai.
Niaoeeaeueiay oaoiieiaey iicaieyao ia?aoaaouaaoue ethaoth
eioi?iaoeeth, i?aaeaaaaioth onoii, /a?ac oaeaoii, oaeaoaen, eiiiuethoa?.
Ieiiiua noaeea iiaoo neoaeeoue iee?ioiiaie: ii eo eieaaaieth
niaoeeaeueiua ono?ienoaa ainnoaiaaeeaatho ea?oeio ?acaiai?a.
Eniieueciaaiea yeaeo?iiiie oaoieee iaania/eaaao niaoeeaeueiui neoaeaai
iiiiiieee, eae e niaoeneoaeaai ainoaea?noa, aiciiaeiinoue iieo/aoue
iaiaoiaeeioth eioi?iaoeeth i ninoiyiee aeae eiieo?aioia, eo ia?aaiai?ao
e o.ae.
N ?acaeoeai eiiiuethoa?iie oaoieee e nicaeaieai ?acee/iiai ?iaea
eiiiuethoa?iuo naoae eae aeiaaeueiiai (ie?iaiai ianooaaa), oae e
?acee/iuo eieaeueiuo naoae, iai?eia? aaieianeeo, anoaao i?iaeaia caueou
enoi/ieeia eioi?iaoeee a yoeo naoyo, o.e. ethaia ianaieoeeiie?iaaiiia
aoi?aeaiea, neaaeai, a aaieianeoth naoue iiaeao i?eaanoe e iioa?a
aaaeiie eioi?iaoeee, e iioa?a aa nae?aoiinoe e eae neaaenoaea
-eniieueciaaieth yoie eioi?iaoeee a eaeeo-eeai ei?unoiuo oeaeyo.
?acaeoea eiiiuethoa?ia e eiiiuethoa?iuo naoae n ?acaeoeai
eiiiuethoa?iiai ie?aonoaa e ai?ianoaa auioaeeei i?aaeoaeuenoaa iiiaeo
no?ai i?eiaiyoue ?acee/iua ia?u; iai?eia?, a NOA i?aaieciaaia
niaoeeaeueiay a?oiia, ioaa/athuay ca aaciianiinoue e iai?eeiniiaaiiinoue
eiiiuethoa?iuo naoae e eiiiuethoa?iuo aac aeaiiuo, o.e. ethaie /aeiaae,
eiathuee eiiiuethoa?, aeinooi a naoue e ii?aaeaeaiiue eioaeeaeo iiaeao
iieo/aoue aeinooi a oaeea eiiiuethoa?iua aaiee aeaiiuo, eioi?ua
niaea?aeao no?iai eiioeaeaioeeaeueioth e nae?aoioth eioi?iaoeeth,
eioi?ay ia i?aaeiacia/aia aeey ?yaeiaiai iieueciaaoaey. A ea/anoaa
i?eia?a iiaeii i?eaanoe neo/ae, i?iecioaaeoee a NOA, eiaaea iaeei
iieueciaaoaeue niia iiaeeeth/eoueny e naoe eiiiuethoa?ia ieienoa?noaa
iai?iiu NOA, a ?acoeueoaoa aai ceiai oiunea auea iieiinoueth
oie/oiaeaia aaaeiay eioi?iaoeey iaeiiai ec iaioaaiiianeeo eiiiuethoa?ia.
Caeeth/aiea
Eiieo?aioeey yaeyaony iaiaoiaeeiui e ii?aaeaeythuei oneiaeai
ii?iaeueiiai ooieoeeiie?iaaiey ?uii/iie yeiiiieee. Ii eae ethaia yaeaiea
eiaao naie iethnu e ieionu. E iieiaeeoaeueiui /a?oai iiaeii ioianoe:
aeoeaecaoeeth eiiiaaoeeiiiiai i?ioeanna, aeaeia i?eniiniaeaiea e ni?ino,
aunieia ea/anoai i?iaeoeoeee, aunieoth i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue o?oaea,
ieieioi ecaea?aeae, ?aaeecaoeeth i?eioeeiii iieaou ii eiee/anoao e
ea/anoao o?oaea, aiciiaeiinoue ?aaoee?iaee ni noi?iiu ainoaea?noaa. E
iaaaoeaiui iineaaenoaeyi – “iiaaaea” iaeieo e “ii?aaeaiea” ae?oaeo,
?acee/ea a oneiaeyo aeayoaeueiinoe, /oi aaaeao e ia/anoiui i?eaiai,
/?acia?iay yenieoaoaoeey i?e?iaeiuo ?ano?nia, yeieiae/aneea ia?ooaiey e
ae?.
Eae auei iieacaii /?acia?iay iiiiiieecaoeey, iiyaeaiea eiieo?aioiie
ai?ueau iaaeaeo iiiiiieeyie, aac niioaaonoaothuaai eiio?iey ni noi?iiu
ainoaea?noaa iiaeao i?eaanoe e nicaeaieth, oae neacaoue “ainoaea?noaa a
ainoaea?noaa”, /ai a i?eioeeia e yaeythony OIE. Iiiiiieeci i?eaiaeeo e
caiaaeeaieth iao/ii-oaoie/aneiai i?ia?anna, eiina?ae?oao ieceia ea/anoai
i?iaeoeoeee, aeaeatho yoo i?iaeoeoeeth iaeiieo?aioiniiniaiie ia ie?iaii
?uiea, oo?a/eaathony noeioeu iaoiaeaeaiey aieaa yooaeoeaiuo ?aoaiee
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey a yeiiiieea e ae?.
Aiai?y i iaaaoeaiuo iaoiaeao aaaeaiey eiieo?aioiie ai?ueau
iaiaoiaeeii ioiaoeoue, /oi ana-oaee iiea anoue eiieo?aioeey, aoaeao
nouanoaiaaoue e i?iiuoeaiiue oieiiaae, o.a. yoe aeaa yaeaiey naycaiu
iaaeaeo niaie, iaeuecy, eiia/ii, io?eoeaoue yooaeoeaiinoue i?iiuoeaiiiai
oieiiaaea, iai?eia?, ii ieacuaaao cia/eoaeueiia aeeyiea ia ?acaeoea
aiaiii-i?iiuoeaiiiai eiiieaena. E ana aea, ianiio?y ia yooaeoeaiinoue
i?iiuoeaiiiai oieiiaaea, ii ia iiaeao caiaieoue ?acaeoey ie a
io?aneaauo, ainoaea?noaaiiuo e aeiaaeueiuo ianooaaao, ia iiaeao
caiaieoue iao/ii-enneaaeiaaoaeueneea ?aaiou, ioe?uoey, o.e. anee ana
a?aiy iieueciaaoueny /oaeei, iioeuaiiui, oi i?e yoii oa?yaony iaeioi?ue
nianoaaiiue iioaioeeae ?acaeoey, /oi a eoiaa aaaeao e ?aa?anno.
A oeaeii aea, eiieo?aioeey ianao iaiueoa iaaaoeaiuo iiiaioia, /ai
iieiaeeoaeueiuo; eiieo?aioeey – cia/eoaeueii iaiueoaa cei, /ai
iiiiiieey, ceioiio?aaeythuay naiei iieiaeaieai a yeiiiieea.
Eiieo?aioeey – ii?aaeaeythuaa oneiaea iiaeaea?aeaiey aeeiaiecia a
yeiiiieea, e a oneiaeyo eiieo?aioeee nicaeaaony aieueoaa iaoeeiiaeueiia
aiaaonoai i?e iaiueoae noieiinoe eaaeaeiai aeaea i?iaeoeoeee ii
n?aaiaieth n iiiiiieeae e ieaiiaie yeiiiieeie.
Nienie eeoa?aoo?u
1. Aanaiia ?.I I?iiuoeaiiue oieiiaae ia neoaeaa iiiiiieee.
I.: Iaaeaeoia?iaeiua ioiioaiey. 1986
2. Caeaeaeue. O , Oaiiai.? Iniiau o/aiey ia yeiiiieea. I.: Aeaei
EOAe. 1994
3. Eueaia. TH.A Iniiau yeiiiieee e i?aaiecaoeee aeciana. N-I. Oi?ieea.
1992
4. Iaeiiiaee. E., A?th. N . Yeiiiieen : i?eioeeiu, i?iaeaiu e
iieeoeea.
I.: ?anioaeeea. 1992. O. 1
5. Ii?oa?. I Iaaeaeoia?iaeiay eiieo?aioeey. I.:1994
6. ?iaeinii. Aeae. Yeiiiie/aneay oai?ey ianiaa?oaiiie eiieo?aioeee. I.
1986
7. ?ocaaei. A.E. Iniiau ?uii/iie yeiiiieee. I.: THIEOE. 1996.
8. Oieea/aa. N. Ianiaa?oaiiay eiieo?aioeey. // ?inneeneee yeiiiie/aneee
aeo?iae. 1993. N.5.
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