Einoeooo
yeiiiieee
e i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa
?aoa?ao
ii eo?no
enoi?ee yeiiiie/aneeo o/aiee
ia oaio
Yiioa i?iiuoeaiiiai ia?aai?ioa
e aa io?aaeaiea a yeiiiie/aneeo
enneaaeiaaieyo Ae. ?eea?aei.
Auiieieea
nooaeaioea 2 eo?na
a?oiiu Y-24Ae
yeiiiie/aneiai oaeoeueoaoa
Eiiiieaaa Ia?ey
Iineaa, 1996
Ae. ?eea?aei ( 1772- 1823 ) – ao?aeoaciue eaeaieia yiioe
i?iiuoeaiiie ?aaiethoeee. Aeaaeae ?eea?aei yaeeny e?oiiaeoei
i?iaeieaeaoaeai o/aiey Aaeaia Nieoa. A o?oaeao ?eea?aei eeanne/aneay
ao?aeoaciay iieeoyeiiiiey aeinoeaea cia/eoaeueiuo oniaoia a iiciaiee
aioo?aiieo caeiiiia?iinoae eaieoaeenoe/aneiai niiniaa i?iecaiaenoaa.
Aeaaiua aeinoeaeaiey ?eea?aei auee eniieueciaaiu E. Ia?enii a aai
yeiiiie/aneii o/aiee iooai e?eoe/aneie ia?a?aaioee.
A yiioo i?iiuoeaiiie ?aaiethoeee a Aiaeee ia niaio iaiooaeoo?iiio
i?iecaiaenoao i?eoea iaoeiiay eiaeono?ey. I?aaeiinueeie e neaaenoaeai
yoiai i?ioeanna yaeeinue iaeiieaiea eaieoaea e iaeiia?aiaiii anaiauaa
?ani?ino?aiaiea iaaiiiai o?oaea. Yoio ia?eiae niaiae n aiaeaie aeecie
?eea?aei, eioi?ue i?eaeaaae ia?iiiia cia/aiea i?eiaiaieth iaoei e aai
aeeyieth ia iieiaeaiea iniiaiuo eeannia iauanoaa. Ia neo/aeii a “Ia/aea
iieeoe/aneie yeiiiiee…” ii aaae niaoeeaeueioth aeaao “I iaoeiao“.
?eea?aei iieacae, /oi i?eiaiaiea iaoei i?e eaieoaeecia i?ioeai?a/eai,
/oi iii iiaeao iaiineoue oua?a eioa?anai ?aai/eo, anee a ?acoeueoaoa
“/anoue ?aai/eo eeoaaony ?aaiou e ianaeaiea noaiiaeony eceeoiei a
n?aaiaiee n oiiaeii aeey aai eniieueciaaiey“.
?eea?aei ynii aeaeae e io?acee a naiae eieaa i?ioeaiiieiaeiinoue
yeiiiie/aneeo eioa?ania ao?aeoacee e ?aai/aai eeanna. Iaeiaei aeaaioth
oa?ico aeey i?ia?anneaiiai i?iiuoeaiiiai ?acaeoey e iaeiieaiey eaieoaea
ii aeaeae a ?inoa yeiiiie/aneiai e iieeoe/aneiai aeeyiey
caieaaeaaeaeueoeaa, a oii, /oi eo aeioiaeu a oi?ia caiaeueiie ?aiou
iiaeiuaee ?anoouoth aeieth iaoeeiiaeueiiai aeioiaea. ?eea?aei i?eieiae
oai?eth ia?iaeiianaeaiey Iaeueoona e n/eoae, /oi aeey i?iei?ieaiey
iaoaea?aeeii ?anoouaai ianaeaiey iaecaaaeii i?eoiaeeony ia?aoiaeeoue e
ia?aaioea anao ooaeoeo caiaeue, aeathueo iiieaeaiioth ioaea/o ii
n?aaiaieth n eo/oeie. Yoi aeieaeii aucuaaoue iaoeeiiiue ?ino oeai
naeueneioicyenoaaiiuo oiaa?ia e caiaeueiie ?aiou. Aeaiaaeiay ca?aaioiay
ieaoa iaaiiuo ?aai/eo aeieaeia niioaaonoaaiii iiauoaoueny, oae eae iia
ii?aaeaeyaony a nenoaia ?eea?aei oece/aneei ieieioiii n?aaenoa
nouanoaiaaiey. A oae eae i?iiuoeaiiua eaieoaeenou ia iiaoo a oneiaeyo
naiaiaeiie eiieo?aioeee iiauoaoue oeaiu naieo oiaa?ia ii ia?a ?inoa
ca?aaioiie ieaou, oi eo i?eauee ieacuaathony caaeaouie a oenee iaaeaeo
?anoouae (iiieiaeueii e ?aaeueii) ?aioie e ?anoouae ( oieueei
iiieiaeueii) ca?aaioiie ieaoie. Oaeei iooai ?eea?aei iauyniye
oaiaeaioeeth ii?iu i?eauee e iiieaeaieth, i?e/ai ii aaniethoece?iaae yoo
oaiaeaioeeth e iaaeiioeaieaae i?ioeaiaeaenoaothuea neeu, a /anoiinoe
oaoie/aneee i?ia?ann a naeueneii oicyenoaa, yeiiiieth ia iinoiyiiii
eaieoaea a i?iiuoeaiiinoe, ?ieue aiaoiae oi?aiaea e ae?. ?eea?aei ia
aeaeae enoi?e/aneie ?iee ?aai/aai eeanna e n/eoae, /oi aeaaea aai
iaoa?eaeueiia iieiaeaiea ia iiaeao nouanoaaiii eciaieoueny a ?aieao
eaieoaeenoe/aneie nenoaiu, eae au ii ie ai?ieny ca naie eioa?anu.
Eaieoaeenoe/aneee no?ie ii ?anniao?eaae eae anoanoaaiioth e aa/ioth
oi?io i?aaiecaoeee iauanoaa.
Iaoiaeieiaey. O?oaeu ?eea?aei nua?aee aaaeioth ?ieue a ii?aaeaeaiee
i?aaeiaoa e iaoiaea iieeoe/aneie yeiiiiee eae iaoee, a oaeaea a
i?aeoe/aneie ?ac?aaioea iaoiaeieiaee yeiiiie/aneiai enneaaeiaaiey.
?eea?aei n/eoae, /oi eeanniaay no?oeoo?a iauanoaa ea?aao ii?aaeaeythuoth
?ieue a ooieoeeiie?iaaiee aai yeiiiieee. Iniiaioth caaea/o iieeoe/aneie
yeiiiiee ii aeaeae a onoaiiaeaiee caeiiia ?ani?aaeaeaiey “i?iaeoeoa
caiee” (o. a. iaoeeiiaeueiiai aeioiaea e iaoeeiiaeueiiai aiaaonoaa)
iaaeaeo o?aiy aeaaiuie eeannaie iauanoaa. A yoii auei aeinoieinoai
iaoiaeieiaee ?eea?aei, ii iaaeinoaoie aa ninoiye a oii, /oi ii ia
naycuaae niinia ?ani?aaeaeaiey ni niiniaii i?iecaiaenoaa iaoa?eaeueiuo
aeaa.
?eea?aei no?aieeny enneaaeiaaoue aioo?aiiea iauaeoeaiua caeiiiia?iinoe
eaieoaeenoe/aneiai niiniaa i?iecaiaenoaa e aeey yoie oeaee oniaoii
i?eiaiye iaoiae eiae/aneie aano?aeoeee. Ii oaeaea iieaaae, /oi a
yeiiiie/aneie iaoea iiaoo auoue a ecaanoiie noaiaie i?eiaiaiu iaoiaeu
oi/iuo iaoe, iniaaiii iao/iay aeaaeoeoeey: iieiaeea a iniiao oai?ee ?yae
enoiaeiuo i?eioeeieaeueiuo iieiaeaiee, neaaeoao ia eo iniiaa ?acaeaaoue
ana aieaa neiaeiua e eiie?aoiua caeiiiia?iinoe. A iniiao anae naiae
eiioeaioeee ii iieiaeee caeii noieiinoe – ii?aaeaeaiea noieiinoe oiaa?ia
?aai/ei a?aiaiai. Ii enneaaeiaae, ianeieueei ana yeiiiie/aneea eaoaai?ee
e yaeaiey niioaaonoaotho eee i?ioeai?a/ao yoiio iniiaiiio i?eioeeio.
?eea?aei naeaeae iiiuoeo i?aaenoaaeoue anth nenoaio eaoaai?ee
eaieoaeenoe/aneie yeiiiieee eae aaeeinoai, iiae/eiaiiia a eiia/iii n/aoa
caeiio noieiinoe. Ii e?eoeeiaae Nieoa ca iaiineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue e
aeaienoaaiiinoue a aii?ina i i?eiaieiinoe caeiia noieiinoe e ?aaeueiiio
eaieoaeenoe/aneiio oicyenoao.
Iaeiaei iaoiae naiiai ?eea?aei no?aaeae na?ueaciuie iaaeinoaoeaie. Ii
oi?iuaiii ?anniao?eaae iiiaea i?ioeannu eae ?acoeueoao
iaiin?aaenoaaiiiai aeaenoaey enoiaeiiai caeiia e ia enneaaeiaae neiaeiuo
iin?aaenoaothueo caaiueaa a yoeo naycyo. Oae, ii iaiin?aaenoaaiii
ioiaeaeanoaeye noieiinoue n oeaiie i?iecaiaenoaa, eaii?e?oy eiae/aneea e
enoi?e/aneea caaiuey iaaeaeo ieie. Ae?oaie iniaaiiinoueth iaoiaea
?eea?aei aue i?aeiouanoaaiii eiee/anoaaiiue iiaeoiae e yeiiiie/aneei
eaoaai?eyi e caeiiiia?iinoyi. A yoii auea aai neeueiay noi?iia: oaeei
iooai ?eea?aei i?ieeaaeuaae iooue e i?eiaiaieth iaoaiaoeee a
yeiiiie/aneeo enneaaeiaaieyo. Ii iaeiia?aiaiii, ia /oi iaiaeiie?aoii
oeacuaae Ia?en, yoi ia?aie/eaaei aeoaeio aiaeeca ?eea?aei, aeaeei aai e
iiaa?oiinoiui, aiaoiei yaeaieyi. Aeey ?eea?aei, eae e aeey Nieoa, aue
oa?aeoa?ai aiaenoi?e/aneee iiaeoiae e iauanoaaiiui yaeaieyi. Ii
?anniao?eaae eaieoaeeci eae aaeeinoaaiii aiciiaeioth anoanoaaiioth e
aa/ioth oi?io i?aaiecaoeee iauanoaa e ia aeaeae, /oi caeiiu aa yeiiiieee
io?aaeatho eeoue ii?aaeaeaiioth, enoi?e/anee i?aoiaeyuoth nooiaiue
?acaeoey iauanoaa.
Oai?ey noieiinoe. A oai?ee noieiinoe, eae e a aieueoeinoaa aii?inia,
?eea?aei iie?aeny ia auaiaeu Nieoa e no?aieeny ?acaeoue aai acaeyaeu. Ii
aua aieaa /aoei ?aca?aie/ee aeaa oaeoi?a oiaa?a – iio?aaeoaeueioth e
iaiiaoth noieiinoue. Iieaciinoue (iio?aaeoaeueiay noieiinoue) yaeyaony
iaiaoiaeeiui oneiaeai iaiiaie noieiinoe, ii ia iiaeao auoue aa ia?eeii.
Iaiiaay noieiinoue anao oiaa?ia, ca eneeth/aieai iaaieueoiai /enea
iaaini?iecaiaeeiuo aeaa (a?iaea ea?oei noa?uo ianoa?ia eee auaea?aeaiiuo
oieeaeueiuo aei), ii?aaeaeyaony cao?aoaie o?oaea ia eo i?iecaiaenoai.
Iineieueeo iaiiaay noieiinoue yaeyaony anaaaea ioiineoaeueiie,
au?aaeaiiie a ecaanoiii eiee/anoaa ae?oaiai oiaa?a (eee aeaiaa),
?eea?aei iinoaaee aii?in i oii, /oi ia?yaeo n iae nouanoaoao aaniethoiay
noieiinoue. Yoi noanoaioeey noieiinoe, caeeth/aiiia a o?oaea eiee/anoai
o?oaea. Iaiiaay noieiinoue yaeyaony iaiaoiaeeiie e aaeeinoaaiii
aiciiaeiie oi?iie i?iyaeaiey aaniethoiie noieiinoe. Iaeiaei yoa aeoaieay
eaeay ?eea?aei, ?acaeoay aiineaaenoaee Ia?enii, au?aaeaia o ia?aiai
eeoue o?aaiaioa?ii. Oa?aeoa?ii, /oi iacaaa?oaiiay ?oeiienue, iaae
eioi?ie ?aaioae ?eea?aei a iineaaeiea aeie naiae aeecie, auea
icaaeaaeaia “Aaniethoiay e ioiineoaeueiay noieiinoue”. Ane?uoue Ia?enii
iaaeinoaoie oai?ee noieiinoe ?eea?aei ninoiye a oii, /oi ii ?anniao?eaae
noieiinoue, ai-ia?auo, eeoue n eiee/anoaaiiie noi?iiu, a ai-aoi?uo,
aiaenoi?e/anee, eae anoanoaaiiia naienoai i?iecaiaeeiuo o?oaeii
i?iaeoeoia i?e ethaii iauanoaaiiii no?ia.
Iao/iie caneoaie ?eea?aei auei io?eoeaiea oacena Nieoa i oii, /oi
noieiinoue ii?aaeaeyaony cao?a/aiiui o?oaeii eeoue i?e i?inoii oiaa?iii
i?iecaiaenoaa, a a oneiaeyo eaieoaeenoe/aneiai i?iecaiaenoaa ninoieo ec
noiiu ?aaeecoaiuo aeioiaeia. Oaeie iiaeoiae, eae ioia/aeinue auoa,
i?aaenoaaeye niaie, a nouiinoe, ioeac io oai?ee o?oaeiaie noieiinoe e
ioe?uaae iooue aeey aiieiaaoe/aneie o?aeoiaee i?eauee e caiaeueiie
?aiou. ?eea?aei iineaaeiaaoaeueii iieiaeee a iniiao naieo acaeyaeia
ii?aaeaeaiea noieiinoe cao?a/aiiui o?oaeii.
Iiiai aieiaiey ?eea?aei oaeaeye aii?ino i aeeyiee eciaiaiee ca?aaioiie
ieaou iaaiiuo ?aai/eo ia noieiinoue oiaa?ia, i?iecaiaeeiuo eo o?oaeii.
Enoiaey ec naiae o?aeoiaee caeiiia noieiinoe, ?eea?aei io?eoeae aeeyiea
ca?aaioiie ieaou ia noieiinoue oiaa?ia: “Noieiinoue oiaa?a, eee
eiee/anoai eaeiai-eeai ae?oaiai oiaa?a, ia eioi?ia ii iaiaieaaaony,
caaeneo io ioiineoaeueiiai eiee/anoaa o?oaea, eioi?ia iaiaoiaeeii aeey
aai i?iecaiaenoaa, a ia io aieueoaai eee iaiueoaai aiciaa?aaeaeaiey,
eioi?ia oiea/eaaaony ca yoio o?oae”. Anee, iai?eia?, iiauneony
ca?aaioiay ieaoa aac anyeiai eciaiaiey i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea, oi
noieiinoue oiaa?a io yoiai ia eciaieony. I?e i?i/eo ?aaiuo oneiaeyo yoi
ia aeieaeii iiaeeyoue e ia oeaio, ii eioi?ie i?iaeaaony oiaa?, a iiaeao
eeoue eciaieoue niioiioaiea iaaeaeo ca?aaioiie ieaoie e i?eaueueth a
oeaia oiaa?a. A oneiaeyo naiaiaeiie eiieo?aioeee eaieoaeenou ia iiaoo
ia?aeeaaeuaaoue i?e?ino ca?aaioiie ieaou ia oeaiu, a auioaeaeaiu
aea?oaiaaoue /anoueth i?eauee.
Yoa i?iaeaia n naiiai ia/aea iineea ino?ue nioeeaeueii-iieeoe/aneee
oa?aeoa?, iineieueeo auea oanii naycaia n ai?ueaie ?aai/aai eeanna ca
iiauoaiea ca?aaioiie ieaou. E. Ia?en iie?aeny, a /anoiinoe, ia auaiaeu
?eea?aei, eiaaea iiaeaa?a aii?in i acaeiiaeaenoaee ca?aaioiie ieaou,
oeai e i?eauee niaoeeaeueiiio aiaeeco aeey ioii?a a?aaeiie aeey ?aai/aai
eeanna iiceoeee i oii, /oi ai?ueaa ca iiauoaiea ca?aaioiie ieaou yeiau
aanniuneaiia ec-ca iaecaaaeiiai ?inoa oeai. Ia?en ioia/ae, /oi “iauaa
iiauoaiea o?iaiy ca?aaioiie ieaou i?eaaei au e iiieaeaieth iauae ii?iu
i?eauee, ii a oeaeii ia io?aceeinue au ia oeaiao oiaa?ia”.
Eae e Nieo, ?eea?aei noieeioeny n aieueoeie o?oaeiinoyie a i?eiaiaiee
oai?ee o?oaeiaie noieiinoe e oneiaeyi eaieoaeenoe/aneiai i?iecaiaenoaa.
?a/ue oea i ?iee eaieoaea eae iaeiieaiiuo e i?eiaaeeaaeaueo iniaiio
eeanno n?aaenoa i?iecaiaenoaa a nicaeaiee noieiinoe, n iaeiie noi?iiu, e
a i?iecaiaenoaa iaoa?eaeueiiai aiaaonoaa (iannu iio?aaeoaeueiuo
noieiinoae) – n ae?oaie. ?eea?aei iaoieeioeny ia i?iaeaio
i?aia?aciaaiey noieiinoe a oeaio i?iecaiaenoaa e iuoaeny ?aoeoue aa. Ii
aeaeae, /oi a ?aaeueiie aeecie i?eaueue ia eaieoae, i?eiaiyaiue a
?acee/iuo noa?ao oicyenoaa, ii?aaeaeyaony a i?eioeeia ?acia?aie yoiai
eaieoaea. Eia/a aiai?y, ii?ia i?eauee eiaao oaiaeaioeeth o?aaieaaoueny.
Ii yoi auei au iaaiciiaeii, anee au oiaa?u iaiaieaaeenue oieueei a
niioaaonoaee n cao?aoaie aeeaiai o?oaea ia eo i?iecaiaenoai. A yoii
neo/aa io?anee n ieceei i?aaie/aneei no?iaieai eaieoaea eee n auno?ie
iai?a/eaaaiinoueth eaieoaea eiaee au i?aeiouanoai ia?aae io?aneyie n
aunieei no?iaieai eaieoaea e iaaeeaiiie iai?a/eaaaiinoueth. Ia?aua a
niioaaonoaee n aieaa cia/eoaeueiuie cao?aoaie o?oaea i?iaeaaaee au
oiaa?u ioiineoaeueii aei?iaea e i?eiineee au aieaa aunieea i?eauee. Ii
oiaaea eaieoae ooiaeee au a yoe io?anee, a io?anee aoi?iai ?iaea ia
iiaee au ?acaeaaoueny.
*oiau ?ac?aoeoue yoi i?ioeai?a/ea e aianoeoue yaeaiea on?aaeiaiey
i?eauee a naith eiioeaioeeth, ?eea?aei aue auioaeaeai iiaeeoeoee?iaaoue
oai?eth noieiinoe. Iaeiaei aianoi oiai, /oiau auaanoe oeaio
i?iecaiaenoaa e n?aaeithth i?eaueue ia iniiaa caeiia noieiinoe iooai
aiaeeca ?yaea iin?aaenoaothueo caaiueaa, ?eea?aei no?aieony iiaeaanoe
yoe eaoaai?ee iiae caeii noieiinoe. A ?acoeueoaoa aai aiaeec noaiiaeony
iaoaaaeeoaeueiui e oycaeiui aeey e?eoeee. Yoi iicaieeei ao?aeoaciui
e?eoeeai ?eea?aei eiaeoue aai ia i?ioeai?a/eyo e niinianoaiaaei
ineaaeaieth aai aeeyiey ia iineaaeothuoth yeiiiie/aneoth iuneue.
Ia yoii yoaia aiaeeca ?eea?aei ioeacuaaaony io naiaai oacena i oii, /oi
ca?aaioiay ieaoa a i?eioeeia ia aeeyao ia noieiinoue oiaa?a, e iuoaaony
iauynieoue aeeyiea ?acee/ee a ninoaaa e iai?ioa eaieoaea ia noieiinoue
(a nouiinoe, aa i?aia?aciaaiea a oeaio i?iecaiaenoaa) /a?ac ?acee/iua
aicaeaenoaey iieaou o?oaea ia noieiinoue. Ii iiaiaeo yoie iaoaea/iie
iiiuoee Ia?en ienae: “…?eea?aei aeieaeai aue au neacaoue: yoe n?aaeiea
oeaiu ecaea?aeae ioee/iu io noieiinoae oiaa?ia. Aianoi yoiai ii
caeeth/aao, /oi iie oiaeaeanoaaiiu…I?e aieaa aeoaieii i?iieeiiaaiee a
aeaei ?eea?aei iaoae au, /oi iaeii oaea nouanoaiaaiea iauae ii?iu
i?eauee…iaoneiaeeaaao ioee/athueany io noieiinoae oeaiu ecaea?aeae,
aeaaea anee i?aaeiieiaeeoue, /oi ca?aaioiay ieaoa inoaaony
iaeciaiiie…?eea?aei oaeaeae au oaeaea, /oi iiieiaiea yoiai ?acee/ey
eiaao aeey oai?ee a oeaeii ian?aaiaiii aieaa aaaeiia e ?aoathuaa
cia/aiea, /ai aai aiaeec oao eciaiaiee a oeaiao ecaea?aeae oiaa?ia,
eioi?ua aucuaathony iiauoaieai eee iaaeaieai ca?aaioiie ieaou”.
?eea?aei a ecaanoiie ia?a iieacae iaoaieci ia?aeeaa eaieoaea,
iaania/eaathuee o?aaiaiea ii?iu i?eauee. A yoii i?ioeanna aaaeiaeooth
?ieue ea?aao e?aaeeoiay nenoaia, eioi?ay cia/eoaeueii ?acaeeanue ii
n?aaiaieth ni a?aiaiai, eiaaea yoio aii?in ?anniao?eaae Nieo. Ia?aeea
eaieoaea inouanoaeyeny ia iooai iaoaie/aneiai ia?aoiaea oaa?eeaioia ec
iaiaa i?eaueueiuo a aieaa i?eaueueiua io?anee (oioy a ioaeaeueiuo
neo/ayo yoi iiaei eiaoue ianoi), a iooai nie?auaiey caaiiie /anoe
eaieoaea a iaeii?eaueueiuo e aa oaaee/aiey a aunieii?eaueueiuo
i?aaei?eyoeyo.
Ca?aaioiay ieaoa, i?eaueue e ?aioa. ?eea?aei a iniiaiii ?acaeaae
acaeyaeu Nieoa ia ia?ae/iua aeioiaeu o?ao aeaaiuo eeannia iauanoaa.
N/eoay oiaa?ii nai o?oae (a ia ?aai/oth neeo), ii iieaaae, /oi ?uii/iay
oeaia o?oaea (ca?aaioiay ieaoa) ii?aaeaeyaony a naiae iniiaa
anoanoaaiiie oeaiie e eieaaeaony aie?oa iaa. Iiae anoanoaaiiie oeaiie
o?oaea ?eea?aei, a nouiinoe, iiieiae noieiinoue ?aai/ae neeu, iineieueeo
ii?aaeaeye aa noieiinoueth n?aaenoa nouanoaiaaiey ?aai/aai e aai naiuee.
Oioy ?eea?aei oeacuaae ia oi, /oi ninoaa yoeo n?aaenoa nouanoaiaaiey
ii?aaeaeyaony enoi?e/anee e caaeneo io o?iaiy ?acaeoey e neiaeeaoeony
ii?i e o?aaeeoeee, o iaai neeueia oaiaeaioeey naiaeeoue anoanoaaiioth
oeaio o?oaea e oece/aneiio ieieioio. Ii, iai?eia?, aeaeeo i?yioth naycue
iaaeaeo oeaiie oeaaa e ?acia?aie aeaiaaeiie ca?aaioiie ieaou: ii aai
i?aaenoaaeaieyi, anee i?e ?inoa oeaiu ia oeaa ia iiauneony ca?aaioiay
ieaoa, ?aai/ea ia/ioo aieiaeaoue e auie?aoue.
?eea?aei, eae e Iaeueoon, n/eoae, /oi ca?aaioiay ieaoa ?aai/eo
oaea?aeeaaaony ia aieiaeiii o?iaia ia a neeo niaoeeoe/aneeo caeiiia
eaieoaeecia, a a neeo anoanoaaiiuo caeiiia, eiathueo anaiauaa cia/aiea.
Eeoue a eneeth/eoaeueiuo, naiuo aeaaii?eyoiuo ianoiyoaeuenoaao
aiciiaeiinoue ?inoa i?iecaiaeeoaeueiuo nee i?aainoiaeeo niiniaiinoue
ianaeaiey e ?aciiiaeaieth. I?e ii?iaeueiuo oneiaeyo ia?aie/aiiia
eiee/anoai caiee e iaaeaiea ioaea/e ia aeiiieieoaeueiua aeiaeaiey
eaieoaea aaaeoo e oiio, /oi i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue caiee ia/eiaao i/aiue
nei?i ionoaaaoue io niiniaiinoe ianaeaiey e ?aciiiaeaieth. Oiaaea
anooiaao a aeaenoaea noeoeeiue iaoaieci ?aaoee?iaaiey: ca?aaioiay ieaoa
iaaeaao ieaea anoanoaaiiie oeaiu o?oaea, /oi naea?aeeaaao ?ino
ianaeaiey. ?eea?aei aneaae ca Iaeueoonii aunooiae ca oi, /oiau
ainoaea?noai ia aiaoeaaeinue a ooieoeeiie?iaaiea ?uiea o?oaea. Ii aue
i?ioea a?ioiaie iiiiue aaaeiyeai, eioi?ay, ii aai iiaieth, iaoaea
aeaenoaeth anoanoaaiiuo caeiiia e, iiiiaay oaea?aeaoue /eneaiiinoue
aaaeiyeia ia iaii?aaaeaiii aunieii o?iaia, iaoaea oeo/oaieth iieiaeaiey
?aai/aai eeanna a oeaeii.
?eea?aei ieaaea ia ?anniao?eaaao i?eaaai/ioth noieiinoue iainiaeaiii io
aa eiie?aoiuo oi?i – i?eauee, nnoaeiiai i?ioeaioa e ?aiou, oioy e
iiaeoiaeeo e oaeiio iiieiaieth, o?aeooy i?ioeaio e ?aioo eae au/ao ec
i?eauee, eioi?ua i?iiuoeaiiue eaieoaeeno auioaeaeai aeaeaoue a iieueco
nianoaaiieea nnoaeiiai eaieoaea e caieaaeaaeaeueoea. A nouiinoe, oio
oaeo, /oi ?aai/ee nicaeaao naiei o?oaeii aieueooth noieiinoue, /ai
iieo/aao a aeaea ca?aaioiie ieaou, i?aaenoaaeyaony ?eea?aei i/aaeaeiui e
ia ioaeaeaaony, ii aai iiaieth, a eaeii-oi iniaii aiaeeca. Aai
eioa?anoao eeoue eiee/anoaaiiia niioiioaiea, ?aniaaeaiea ia ca?aaioioth
ieaoo e i?eaueue.
?anniao?eaay no?oeoo?o noieiinoe e oeaiu oiaa?a, ?eea?aei iau/ii
eaii?e?iaae oo aa /anoue, eioi?ay io?aaeaea ia?aianaiioth eiie?aoiui
o?oaeii noieiinoue iinoiyiiiai eaieoaea, o. a. neaaeiaae “aeiaia Nieoa”.
Iineieueeo noieiinoue oiaa?a ?aniaaeaaony ia ca?aaioioth ieaoo e
i?eaueue, iineaaeiyy iaoiaeeony a ia?aoiii ioiioaiee e ia?aie e caaeneo
io iaa. I?eaueue anaaaea aunooiaao o iaai eae inoaoie iinea au/aoa ec
noieiinoe oiaa?a cao?ao ia ca?aaioioth ieaoo. Iiieiaaiay oaeei ia?acii
i?eaueue i?aaenoaaeyao niaie, ii nooe, i?eaaai/ioth noieiinoue. Ii
aeaeaa ?eea?aei ia?aoiaeeo e ?anniio?aieth i?eauee a oii aeaea, eae iia
aunooiaao ia iiaa?oiinoe yaeaiee, o. a. i?eauee iinea oieaou caiaeueiie
?aiou caieaaeaaeaeueoeo. E?iia oiai, ii n/eoaao i?eaueue
i?iii?oeeiiaeueiie aaee/eia aaaine?iaaiiiai eaieoaea. Aeaaiay i?iaeaia,
eioi?ay caieiaea aai i?e o?aeoiaea i?eauee, caeeth/aeanue a oaiaeaioeee
e iiieaeaieth aa ii?iu. Yoo oaiaeaioeeth ii iauyniye ia niaoeeoe/aneeie
iniaaiiinoyie eaieoaeenoe/aneiai i?iecaiaenoaa, a aeaenoaeai i?e?iaeiuo
oaeoi?ia, i eioi?uo aiai?eeinue auoa. ?eea?aei iianaeny, /oi iiieaeaiea
ii?iu i?eauee a eiia/iii n/aoa iiaaaeao e oiaiueoaieth iaeiieaiey
eaieoaea. Eaieoaeii ii n/eoae n?aaenoaa i?iecaiaenoaa, a oaeaea cao?aou
eaieoaeenoia ia ca?aaioioth ieaoo ?aai/eo. Aeey ?eea?aei oa?aeoa?ii
iaoo?aeenoe/aneia e aiaenoi?e/aneia iiieiaiea eaieoaea. A aai
i?aaenoaaeaiee eaieoaeii iaeaaeae oaea ia?aiauoiue ioioiee eee ?uaieia.
Aiaeec caiaeueiie ?aiou aue iaeiei ec na?ueaciuo aeinoeaeaiee ?eea?aei.
Iino?iea oai?eth ?aiou ia iniiaa oai?ee o?oaeiaie noieiinoe, ii
iauyniee, /oi enoi/ieeii ?aiou yaeyaony ia eaeay-oi iniaay uaae?inoue
caiee, a i?eeaaaaiue e caiea o?oae a oneiaeyo ii?aaeaeaiiuo ioiioaiee
nianoaaiiinoe. Iineieueeo ?ano?nu caiee ia?aie/aiu, aicaeaeuaathony
?aciua ii ieiaei?iaeeth e ?aniieiaeaieth o/anoee e noieiinoue
naeueneioicyenoaaiiie i?iaeoeoeee ii?aaeaeyaony cao?aoaie o?oaea ia
ooaeoeo (i?aaeaeueiuo) o/anoeao. Oaeea o/anoee i?eiinyo
i?aaei?eieiaoaeth oieueei n?aaeithth i?eaueue e ia aeatho ?aiou. Ii
i?eaueue ia ioiineoaeueii eo/oeo o/anoeao auoa n?aaeiae, e yoio ecauoie
i?enaaeaaaony caieaaeaaeaeueoeai a aeaea ?aiou. Ii ia?a aiaea/aiey a
oicyenoaaiiue iai?io ana ooaeoeo o/anoeia ?aioa caieaaeaaeaeueoeaa
?anoao aac anyeeo oneeee n eo noi?iiu.
?eea?aei iieacae, oaeei ia?acii, i?ienoiaeaeaiea aeeooa?aioeeaeueiie
?aiou. Ii eaii?e?iaae oio oaeo, /oi a oneiaeyo /anoiie nianoaaiiinoe ia
caieth eaeoth-oi ?aioo aeieaeiu i?eiineoue e ooaeoea o/anoee.
Oai?ey aeaiaa. Aii?inu aeaiaaeiiai ia?auaiey e aaieia caieiaee aaaeiia
ianoi a o/aiee ?eea?aei. Yoi iauyniyaony io/anoe enoi?e/aneeie
oneiaeyie, a eioi?uo ii ?aaioae: a eiioea XVIII a. aue ioiaiai ?aciai
aaieiio Aaiea Aiaeee ia cieioi, i?iecioei eo iaanoeaiaiea e iiauoaiea
oiaa?iuo oeai. Eioaineaii ianoaeaeaeny aii?in i oi?iao aica?aoa e
cieioie aaethoa e ooieoeeyo Aaiea Aiaeee. Aunooiay n iiceoeee
i?iiuoeaiiie ao?aeoacee, ?eea?aei iainiiauaae aeaiaaeioth nenoaio,
ninoiyuoth i?aeiouanoaaiii ec aaieiio, ?aciaiiuo ia cieioi ii oaa?aeiio
niioiioaieth.
Oai?ey aeaiaa ?eea?aei ioee/aaony aeaienoaaiiinoueth. N iaeiie noi?iiu,
ii iieiaeee a aa iniiao oai?eth o?oaeiaie noieiinoe e ?anniao?eaae
aeaai?iaeiua iaoaeeu eae iniaua oiaa?u, noieiinoue eioi?uo ii?aaeaeyaony
cao?aoaie iauanoaaiii iaiaoiaeeiiai o?oaea. N ae?oaie noi?iiu, ?eea?aei
anoae ia iiceoeeth eiee/anoaaiiie oai?ee aeaiaa, a niioaaonoaee n
eioi?ie noieiinoue aeaiaa onoaiaaeeaaaony a i?ioeanna ia?auaiey e
caaeneo io eo eiee/anoaa. Ii enoiaeee ec oiai, /oi a no?aia iiaeao
ia?auaoueny ethaia eiee/anoai oae eee eia/a iiiaaoaai ooaea cieioa. Anee
eiee/anoai cieiouo aeaiaa ii eaeei-eeai i?e/eiai aic?inei, yoi aucuaaao,
i?e i?i/eo ?aaiuo oneiaeyo, iiauoaiea oeai. ?eea?aei iaoaie/anee
ia?aiinee ia cieioi iiuo ia?auaiey ia?aciaiiuo aoiaaeiuo aeaiaa. Oaeie
acaeyae ieioi niaeanoaony n oai?eae o?oaeiaie noieiinoe.
?eea?aei iieaaae, /oi aai oai?ey aeaiaa iauyniyao oaeaea eieaaaiey a
iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo yeiiiie/aneeo ioiioaieyo e noeoeeiia, aaoiiaoe/aneia
?aaoee?iaaiea ieaoaaeiuo aaeainia. Anee a aeaiiie no?aia ieacuaaaony
neeoeii iiiai cieioa, oi a iae iiauoathony oiaa?iua oeaiu e noaiiaeony
auaiaeii aaiceoue oiaa?u ec-ca a?aieoeu. A oi?aiaii aaeaina ia?acoaony
aeaoeoeeo, eioi?ue i?eoiaeeony iie?uaaoue cieioii. Cieioi ooiaeeo ec
no?aiu, oeaiu iiieaeathony, i?eoie eiino?aiiuo oiaa?ia
i?einoaiaaeeaaaony, e ana i?eoiaeeo a ?aaiiaanea.
Oaeei ia?acii, cieioi iaeeo/oei ia?acii ?ani?aaeaeyaony iaaeaeo
no?aiaie. Ionthaea ?eea?aei aeaeae auaiaeu a iieueco naiaiaeu oi?aiaee.
Ia/aai aaniieieoueny, ienae ii, anee aaic oiaa?ia i?aauoaao auaic e
cieioi ooiaeeo ec no?aiu. Yoi aiana ia iniiaaiea aeey ia?aie/aiee aaica
oiaa?ia. I?inoi a no?aia neeoeii iiiai cieioa e neeoeii aunieea oeaiu.
Naiaiaeiue eiii?o iiiiaaao eo iiieceoue e ana i?eaanoe a ?aaiiaanea. Yoa
oai?ey ?eea?aei i?aoiaiueoaea i?ioeai?a/ey e eiioeeeou, n eioi?uie
naycaii i?e eaieoaeecia ooieoeeiie?iaaiea iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo yeiiiie/aneeo
ioiioaiee. Oai ia iaiaa o?oaeu ?eea?aei i?iaeaeioee aia?aae
enneaaeiaaiey eiie?aoiuo i?iaeai aeaiaa, aiaoiae oi?aiaee, aaethoiuo
ioiioaiee.
Oaea ai a?aiaia ?eea?aei aiaoiea nayce ea?aee a a?eoaineie yeiiiieea
aaaeioth ?ieue, e anoanoaaiii, /oi ii iiiai caieiaeny yoei aii?inii.
?eea?aei n/eoaaony iaeiei ec aaoi?ia eaeae, iainiiauaathuae auaiaeiinoue
iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai ?acaeaeaiey o?oaea e niaoeeaeecaoeee no?ai ia
i?iecaiaenoaa ioaeaeueiuo oiaa?ia. Ii iieacae, /oi niaoeeaeecaoeey
auaiaeia ia oieueei a oao i/aaeaeiuo neo/ayo, eiaaea iia aeeeooaony
i?e?iaeiuie e eeeiaoe/aneeie oneiaeyie. Iaiaycaoaeueii, /oiau no?aia
eiaea aaniethoiia i?aeiouanoai ii aeaiiiio oiaa?o, o. a. /oiau cao?aou
o?oaea ia i?iecaiaenoai aaeeieoeu yoiai oiaa?a auee iaiueoa, /ai ca
a?aieoeae. Aeinoaoi/ii, /oiau iia eiaea n?aaieoaeueiia i?aeiouanoai, o.
a. /oiau ii aeaiiiio oiaa?o niioiioaiea aa cao?ao n cao?aoaie ae?oaeo
no?ai auei aieaa aeaaii?eyoii aeey iaa, /ai ii ae?oaei oiaa?ai. N
iiiiuueth oeeo?iaiai i?eia?a ?eea?aei aeieacuaae, /oi i?e ii?aaeaeaiiii
niioiioaiee cao?ao oaeay no?aia ana aea iiaeao auea?aoue io
niaoeeaeecaoeee ia i?iecaiaenoaa aeaiiiai oiaa?a.
Oai?ey ?eea?aei io?aaeaea i?iaeaiu e i?ioeai?a/ey ?acaeoey eaieoaeecia
yiioe i?iiuoeaiiie ?aaiethoeee. Iia iieacaea, n iaeiie noi?iiu,
i?ia?anneaiinoue eaieoaeenoe/aneiai niiniaa i?iecaiaenoaa, ia?iiiua
aiciiaeiinoe ?acaeoey i?iecaiaeeoaeueiuo nee. Ionthaea yeaiaiou
enoi?e/aneiai iioeiecia a o?oaeao ?eea?aei. Ii, n ae?oaie noi?iiu, a aai
oai?ee aeaeia enoi?e/aneay ia?aie/aiiinoue ao?aeoaciiai no?iy, a
iniaaiiinoe aai oaiaeaioeey e ?aneieo iauanoaa ia aioaaiienoe/aneea
eeannu.
Oioy o/aiea ?eea?aei auei iiioey?ii e ieacaei aieueoia aeeyiea ia
iineaaeothuaa ?acaeoea yeiiiie/aneie iaoee, iaiin?aaenoaaiiuo
i?iaeieaeaoaeae o iaai ia iaoeinue. Ethaee, eioi?ua iauyaeyee naay aai
o/aieeaie e iineaaeiaaoaeyie, ia aeaea nei?i ioeacaeenue io iniia aai
o/aiey, noaee ooaa?aeaeaoue, /oi eaieoae nicaeaao noieiinoue ia?yaeo n
o?oaeii e eiaao caeiiiia i?aai ia aiciaa?aaeaeaiea. Eniieuecoy neaaua
ianoa ?eea?aei, oai?aoe/aneea i?ioeaieee ino?i e?eoeeiaaee aai o/aiea.
Iaeiiaoe, nioeeaeenou (Ioyi e ae?.) iuoaeenue iiaa?iooue ?eea?aeeainoai
i?ioea ao?aeoacee, ii, noiy ia ooiie/aneeo iiceoeeyo, ia iiaee naeaeaoue
yoi n oniaoii.
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