9
Iineianeee Ainoaea?noaaiiue Einoeooo Iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo Ioiioaiee IEAe ?O
Eaoaae?a Yeiiiie/aneie Oai?ee
Eioi?iaoeeiiii-aiaeeoe/aneay ni?aaea
ia oaio
“Iiiyoea i ?aoeeiiaeueiii yeiiiie/aneii iiaaaeaiee. Ia?aie/aiiay
?aoeeiiaeueiinoue.”
nooaeaioa 14-ie a?oiiu 1-ai eo?na IYI
Iao/iue ?oeiaiaeeoaeue:
aeioe. Niaieaaa Oaeney Aaneeueaaia
Iineaa, 1997
1. I?ei/eiu aicieeiiaaiey i?iaeaiu.
*aeiaa/aneea nouanoaa – ian/anoiua nicaeaiey – ia?aiaiaiiua
iio?aaiinoyie. A /enea i?i/aai iai ioaeiu ethaiaue, iauanoaaiiia
i?eciaiea, iaoa?eaeueiua aeaaa e aeeciaiiua oaeianoaa. A nouiinoe,
ethaeyi naienoaaiiu eae aeieiae/anee, oae e nioeeaeueii iaoneiaeaiiua
iio?aaiinoe. Iu no?aieiny i?eia?anoe ieuo, iaeaaeaeo, e?ia, iiiaeanoai
oiaa?ia e oneoa, eioi?ua annioeee?othony o ian n aunieei o?iaiai aeecie.
Iu oaeaea iaaeaeaiu ii?aaeaeaiiuie niiniaiinoyie e ie?oaeaiu iiiaeanoaii
iaoa?eaeueiuo aeaa – i?e?iaeiuo e i?iecaaaeaiiuo. Iiyoiio aiieia
anoanoaaiii eniieueciaaoue eiathueany i?e?iaeiua e iaoa?eaeueiua ?ano?nu
– ?aai/oth neeo e oi?aaeai/aneea niiniaiinoe, eino?oiaiou e iaoeiu,
caieth e ieia?aeueiua aiaaonoaa – aeey i?iecaiaenoaa oiaa?ia e oneoa,
oaeiaeaoai?ythueo iaie iaoa?eaeueiua iio?aaiinoe.
Iaeiaei, aeaa oaeoa, ioaaouaathuea, ii nouanoao, anth i?iaeaio yeiiiiee,
ia iicaieytho aeinoeaiooue eaeaaeueiiai ?aoaiey. Ia?aue oaeo oaeia:
iaoa?eaeueiua iio?aaiinoe iauanoaa, oi anoue iaoa?eaeueiua iio?aaiinoe
aai eiaeeaeaeia e einoeoooia, aoeaaeueii aaca?aie/iu e iaooieeiu. Aoi?ie
oaeo: yeiiiie/aneea ?ano?nu, oi anoue n?aaenoaa aeey i?iecaiaenoaa
oiaa?ia e oneoa, ia?aie/aiiu eee ?aaeee.
Eoae, a naiae niaieoiiinoe iaoa?eaeueiua iio?aaiinoe a i?aeoe/aneii
niunea iaooieeiu eee aaca?aie/iu, a yoi icia/aao, /oi iaoa?eaeueiua
iio?aaiinoe a oiaa?ao e oneoaao iieiinoueth oaeiaeaoai?eoue iaaiciiaeii.
Caeanue iaaei neacaoue, /oi a aeaiiii neo/aa eiae/aneay ioeaea a
iino?iaiee aiieia oianoia. Iaoe iio?aaiinoe a eiie?aoiii oiaa?a eee
oneoaa iiaeii oaeiaeaoai?eoue; neaaeai, ia i?ioyaeaiee ei?ioeiai
ia?eiaea iiaeii iieo/eoue aeinoaoi/iia eiee/anoai coaiie ianou eee ieaa.
?acoiaaony, iaeia iia?aoeey aiiaiaeeoeeoa en/a?iuaaao iio?aaiinoue a iae
/aeiaaea. Ii nianai ae?oaia aeaei – oiaa?u aiiaua. Eo iu ia iieo/aai e,
aa?iyoii, ia iiaeai iieo/eoue a aeinoaoi/iii eiee/anoaa. Iiaeoaa?aeeoue
yoio auaiae iiaeii n iiiiuueth i?inoiai yenia?eiaioa. I?aaeiieiaeei, /oi
ian i?inyo ia?a/eneeoue oa oiaa?u e oneoae, eioi?ua iai ioaeiu, ii
eioi?ua iu a aeaiiue iiiaio ia ?aniieaaaai. Cao?aoei ii?aaeaeaiiia a?aiy
ia ninoaaeaiea ia?a/iy iaoaeiaeaoai?aiiuo iio?aaiinoae, e ii ieaaeaony
aanueia aiooeoaeueiui. Ii n oa/aieai a?aiaie iio?aaiinoe oiiiaeathony, e
iu auioaeaeaiu iiiieiyoue ia?a/aiue ana iiauie. No?aieoaeueiia
iiyaeaiea iiauo ecaeaeee ?acaeeaaao iaoe aiiaoeou, a oe?ieay ?aeeaia
no?aieony oaaaeeoue ian a oii, /oi iu ioaeaeaainy a aan/eneaiiii
eiee/anoaa i?aaeiaoia, eioi?ua aac yoie ?aeeaiu iai au e a aieiao ia
i?eoei iieoiaoue. Aua ia oae aeaaii o ian ia auei aeaeaiey i?eia?aoaoue
ia?niiaeueiua eiiiuethoa?u, eaaeia ieai, aeaeaiiaaieoioiiu, yeaeo?iiiua
/anu, iee?iaieiiaua ia/e.
?anniio?ei oaia?ue aoi?ie ooiaeaiaioaeueiue oaeo: yeiiiie/aneea ?ano?nu
– ia?aie/aiiu eee ?aaeee? Eiathony a aeaeo ana i?e?iaeiua, ethaeneea e
i?iecaaaeaiiua /aeiaaeii ?ano?nu, eioi?ua eniieuecothony aeey
i?iecaiaenoaa oiaa?ia e oneoa. Ana yoi aeeth/aao aieueoie e?oa iauaeoia:
oaa?e/iua e naeueneioicyenoaaiiua no?iaiey, anyeiai ?iaea iai?oaeiaaiea,
eino?oiaiou, iaoeiu, eniieuecoaiua a i?iecaiaenoaa i?iiuoeaiiuo oiaa?ia
e i?iaeoeoia naeueneiai oicyenoaa; ?aciiia?aciua n?aaenoaa o?ainii?oa e
nayce; aan/eneaiiua aeaeu o?oaea; iaeiiaoe, iineaaeiaa, ii ia iaiaa
aaaeiia – caieth e anaaiciiaeiua iieaciua eneiiaaiua. Iao “einie/aneee
ei?aaeue Caiey” niaea?aeeo eeoue ia?aie/aiiia eiee/anoai ?ano?nia,
eioi?ua iiaeii eniieueciaaoue a i?iecaiaenoaa oiaa?ia e oneoa. Iaoioiua
caiee, iieaciua eneiiaaiua, eaieoaeueiia iai?oaeiaaiea e ?aai/ay neea –
eo iaee/ea ia?aie/aii ii?aaeaeaiiui i?aaeaeii. Aneaaenoaea ?aaeeinoe
i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo ?ano?nia e i?aaeaea, eioi?ue eo ?aaeeinoue noaaeo
ia?aae i?iecaiaenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoueth, nai iauai i?iecaiaenoaa ii
iaiaoiaeeiinoe ia?aie/ai. Iauanoai ia niiniaii i?iecaanoe e iio?aaeoue
aanue iauai oiaa?ia e oneoa, eioi?ue iii oioaei au iieo/eoue.
Eoae, iai?aeiaeiui oaeoii yaeyaony oi, /oi niaieoiiinoue anao iaoeo
iaoa?eaeueiuo iio?aaiinoae i?aauoaao i?iecaiaeeoaeueiua aiciiaeiinoe
anao eiathueony ?ano?nia. Aio ii/aio aaniethoiia iaoa?eaeueiia eciaeeea
ia i?aaenoaaeyaony inouanoaeiui. Yoio iainii?eiue oaeo e eaaeeo a
iniiaa iaoaai ii?aaeaeaiey yeiiiieee. Yeiiiieea – iauanoaaiiay iaoea,
enneaaeothuay i?iaeaiu yooaeoeaiiai eniieueciaaiey ia?aie/aiiuo
i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo ?ano?nia eee oi?aaeaiey eie n oeaeueth aeinoeaeaiey
iaeneiaeueiiai oaeiaeaoai?aiey aaca?aie/iuo iio?aaiinoae iauanoaa. Eaeie
eiaiii niune aeeaaeuaatho yeiiiienou a iiiyoea “yooaeoeaiinoue”?
Yeiiiie/aneay yooaeoeaiinoue ioaaouaaao i?iaeaio “cao?aou – auione”.
Eiie?aoii aiai?y, iia oa?aeoa?ecoao naycue iaaeaeo eiee/anoaii aaeeieoe
?aaeeeo ?ano?nia, eioi?ua i?eiaiythony a i?ioeanna i?iecaiaenoaa, e
iieo/aaiui a ?acoeueoaoa eiee/anoaii eaeiai-eeai iio?aaiiai i?iaeoeoa.
Aieueoaa eiee/anoai i?iaeoeoa, iieo/aaiia io aeaiiiai iauaia cao?ao,
icia/aao iiauoaiea yooaeoeaiinoe. Iaiueoee iauai i?iaeoeoa io aeaiiiai
eiee/anoaa cao?ao oeacuaaao ia nieaeaiea yooaeoeaiinoe.
2. Iniiaiia eceiaeaiea i?iaeaiu.
Iiiaiia?acea /aeiaa/aneie ee/iinoe, aa iaiiaoi?eiay
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiinoue, ?aciiia?aciua iioeau aa aeayoaeueiinoe aeaeatho
iaiaoiaeeiui i?e iao/iii aiaeeca yeiiiie/aneie aeecie eniieueciaaoue
oieoeoee?iaaiiia i?aaenoaaeaiea i /aeiaaea, aeaenoaothuai a eiie?aoiie
nenoaia enoi?e/aneeo eii?aeeiao, oi anoue iino?ieoue iiaeaeue /aeiaaea.
Yoa iiaeaeue aeeth/aao a naay iniiaiua ia?aiao?u, oa?aeoa?ecothuea
eiaeeaeaeia, e i?aaeaea anaai iioeau yeiiiie/aneie aeoeaiinoe, aa oeaee,
a oaeaea iniaaiiinoe oece/aneeo, ineoieiae/aneeo e eioaeeaeooaeueiuo
aiciiaeiinoae /aeiaaea, eniieuecoaiuo ei aeey aeinoeaeaiey iinoaaeaiiuo
oeaeae. I?e yoii aaaeii ioiaoeoue, /oi ana aoiaieoa?iua iaoee, o. a.
iaoee, naycaiiua n eco/aieai /aeiaaea, iauanoaa iuoathony iiiyoue
/aeiaaea n oi/ee c?aiey naiaai i?aaeiaoa e iiyoiio aai iaeee,
nicaeaaaaiue eaaeaeie ec yoeo iaoe ia iiaeao ia no?aaeaoue ecaanoiie
iaeiinoi?iiiinoueth.
Yeiiiie/aneay oai?ey auaeaeyao a /aeiaaea aeaaiui ia?acii oi, /oi
ioaa/aao caaea/a iauyniaiey yeiiiie/aneiai iiaaaeaiey ethaeae a
?acee/iuo oicyenoaaiiuo nenoaiao i?e ia?aie/aiiinoe ?ano?nia e
aaca?aie/iinoe /aeiaa/aneeo iio?aaiinoae.
N?aaee iiiai/eneaiiuo iai?aaeaiee “iiaeaee?iaaiey” /aeiaaea oneiaii
iiaeii auaeaeeoue o?e.
Ia?aia iai?aaeaiea i?aaenoaaeaii aiaeeeneie eeanne/aneie oeieie,
ia?aeeiaeeciii e iaieeanneeaie. Ai aeaao oaea iiaeaeae, au?aaioaiiuo a
?aieao yoiai iai?aaeaiey, noaiiaeony yaienoe/aneee iaoa?eaeueiue,
i?aaeaea anaai aeaiaaeiue eioa?an, yaeythueeny aeaaiui iioeaaoeeiiiui
noeioeii aeayoaeueiinoe “/aeiaaea yeiiiie/aneiai”.
Aoi?ia iai?aaeaiea i?enoua eaeineaineie oeiea, einoeoooeeiiaeecio,
enoi?e/aneie oeiea. Iiaeaee /aeiaaea, au?aaioaiiua a ?aieao yoiai
iai?aaeaiey , i?aaenoaaeythony aieaa neiaeiuie. A /anoiinoe,
iioeaaoeeiiiua noeioeu aeeth/atho a naay ia oieueei no?aieaiea e
iaoa?eaeueiui, aeaiaaeiui aeaaai, ii e ii?aaeaeaiiua yeaiaiou
ineoieiae/aneiai oa?aeoa?a – ieeina?aeea, oeaee naycaiiua n
o?aaeeoeeyie, niia?aaeaieyie i?anoeaea, eniieueciaaieai naiaiaeiiai
a?aiaie e ae?. Nouanoaaiii cao?oaeiaii a yoie iiaeaee e aeinoeaeaiea
iinoaaeaiiuo oeaeae aneaaenoaea iaaeinoaoi/iie eioi?ie?iaaiiinoe
oicyenoaothueo noauaeoia, ianiaa?oainoaa eo eioaeeaeoa,
yiioeeiiaeueiinoe, noa?aioeiiinoe iiaaaeaiey a caaeneiinoe io i?eau/ae,
?aeeaeiciuo onoaiiaie e o.i.
O?aouea iai?aaeaiea i?aaenoaaeaii i?eioeeieaeueii iiaie iiaeaeueth
noauaeoia nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneiai i?ioeanna, io?aaeathuae nia?aiaiiua
?aaeee. Aeey iaa oa?aeoa?ii eciaiaiea iioeaaoeee aeayoaeueiinoe a
iai?aaeaiee aic?anoaiey cia/aiey oao eee eiuo ninoaaeythueo, eioi?ua
iaania/eaatho ?aaeecaoeeth ia noieueei iaoa?eaeueiuo, neieueei aeooiaiuo
iio?aaiinoae ee/iinoe. Yoa iiaeaeue nioeeaeueii-eiaeeaeaeoaeueiiai
/aeiaaea i?aaeiieaaaao iauanoai, iniiaaiiia ia aeaiie?aoe/aneeo e
ieth?aeenoe/aneeo ia/aeao n ?acaeouie iaaea?oiiiauie naycyie e
?aciuouie, iaaeanoeeie a?aieoeaie iaaeaeo nioeeaeueiuie iauiinoyie.
Nae/an yoa iiaeaeue iaoiaeeony ia noaaeee noaiiaeaiey.
Iaeaieueoee eioa?an aeey eco/aiey ?aoeeiiaeueiiai yeiiiie/aneiai
iiaaaeaiey /aeiaaea i?aaenoaaeyao ia?aia iai?aaeaiea iiaeaee?iaaiey. Iii
iniiauaaaony ia iiaeaee “homo economicus”, iaeaieaa ecaanoiie ec anao
iiaeaeae. ?ac?aaioaiiay aua a XVIII a. ia iniiaa ?aaiou Aaeaia Nieoa
“Enneaaeiaaiey i i?e?iaea e i?e/eiao aiaaonoaa ia?iaeia” , iia aeiaeeea
e aei iaoeo aeiae. Nianoaaiii, Nieo oae e ia noi?ioee?iaae iiiyoea “homo
economicus”, ii ecia?aoaoaee yoie iiaeaee iie?aeenue eiaiii ia aai
?aaioo. Ciaiaieoay oi?ioee?iaea i “iaaeaeeiie ?oea, iiaeao auoue
yaeyaony /aua anaai oeeoe?oaiui ianoii ec “ Aiaaonoaa ia?iaeia”.
Oiae iuneae Nieoa iiaeii i?aaenoaaeoue naaa oae. Aeaaiui iioeaii
oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe /aeiaaea yaeyaony naiaei?unoiue eioa?an. Ii
i?aneaaeiaaoue naie eioa?an /aeiaae iiaeao, oieueei ieacuaay oneoae
ae?oaei ethaeyi, i?aaeeaaay a iaiai naie o?oae e i?iaeoeou o?oaea. Oae
?acaeaaaony ?acaeaeaiea o?oaea. Ethaee iiiiaatho ae?oa ae?oao e
iaeiia?aiaiii niinianoaotho ?acaeoeth iauanoaa, oioy eaaeaeue ec ieo –
yaieno e ia/aony oieueei i naieo eioa?anao. Anoanoaaiiia no?aieaiea
ethaeae oeo/oaoue naia iaoa?eaeueiia iieiaeaiea – yoi oaeie iiuiue
noeioe, /oi anee aio i?aaeinoaaeoue aeaenoaiaaoue aac iiiaoe, ii nai
niaie niiniaai i?eaanoe iauanoai e aeaaininoiyieth. Aieaa oiai yoio
noeioe aeaaea niiniaai “i?aiaeieaoue nioie aeinaaeiuo i?aiyonoaee,
eioi?uie aacoiea /aeiaa/aneeo caeiiia oae /anoi cao?oaeiyao aai
aeayoaeueiinoue…”.
Eaaeaeue ioaeaeueiue /aeiaae no?aieony eniieueciaaoue naie eaieoae oae,
/oiau i?iaeoeo aai iaeaaeae iaeaieueoae noieiinoueth. Iau/ii ii e ia
aeoiaao i?e yoii ia iauanoaaiiie iieueca e ia niciaao, ianeieueei
niaeaenoaoao ae. Ii eiaao a aeaeo eeoue nianoaaiiue eioa?an, ii “ a yoii
neo/aa, eae e ai iiiaeo ae?oaeo, ii iaaeaeeiie ?oeie iai?aaeyaony e
oeaee, eioi?ay nianai e ia aoiaeeea a aai iaia?aiey… I?aneaaeoy naie
nianoaaiiua eioa?anu, ii /anoi aieaa aeaenoaeoaeueiui ia?acii neoaeeo
eioa?anai iauanoaa, /ai oiaaea, eiaaea niciaoaeueii no?aieony aeaeaoue
yoi”.
“Iaaeaeeiay ?oea” – yoi noeoeeiia aeaenoaea iauaeoeaiuo yeiiiie/aneeo
caeiiia. Yoe caeiiu aeaenoaotho iiieii aiee ethaeae e /anoi i?ioea eo
aiee. Oneiaey, i?e eioi?uo iaeaieaa yooaeoeaii inouanoaeyaony
aeaaioai?iia aeaenoaea naiaei?unoiiai eioa?ana e noeoeeiuo caeiiia
yeiiiie/aneiai ?acaeoey, Nieo iacuaae anoanoaaiiui ii?yaeeii. O Nieoa e
o iineaaeothueo iieieaiee iieeoeei-yeiiiiia yoi iiiyoea eiaao eae au
aeaieiie niune. N iaeiie noi?iiu, yoi i?eioeei “laissez faire”, n
ae?oaie – yoi oai?aoe/aneay eiino?oeoeey, “iiaeaeue“ aeey eco/aiey
yeiiiie/aneie aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe. Ii “i/aaeaeiay e i?inoay nenoaia
anoanoaaiiie naiaiaeu”, eioi?ay i?aaeiieiaeeoaeueii aeieaeia
o?aaiiaaoeaaoue /anoiua eioa?anu e yeiiiie/aneoth yooaeoeaiinoue, i?e
aeeaeaeoai ?anniio?aiee ieacuaaaony eaeaioe/iie iiiyoeth eiieo?aioeee;
“iaaeaeeiay ?oea” anoue ia /oi eiia, eae aaoiiaoe/aneee ?aaiiaaniue
iaoaieci eiieo?aioiiai ?uiea.
I?eaaaeai oaeie i?eia?. Eaaeaeiio i?eoiaeeeinue auaaoue a noia?ia?eaoa e
noiyoue a i/a?aaeyo a eanno. A iiaeiaiie neooaoeee e au, e ae?oaea
iieoiaoaee oioyo, /oiau eo i/a?aaeue iiaeioea eae iiaeii nei?aa. Eiay a
aeaeo yoo oeaeue, caaeaaeeiny aii?inii: eae aeieaeiu auoue
neii?aeeie?iaaiu aeaenoaey iieoiaoaeae? Eae ecaaaeaoue neooaoeee, a
eioi?ie iaeioi?ua i/a?aaee aoaeoo i/aiue aeeeiiuie, a oi a?aiy eae
iaeioi?ui eanne?ai i?eaeaony aeaeaoue eeeaioia?
Iaeei ec niiniaia ninoieo a oii, /oiau ?ani?aaeaeeoue anao iieoiaoaeae
ii ii?aaeaeaiiui i/a?aaeyi. Iaaacei iiaeao iieueciaaoueny noaiaea?oiui
i?aaeeii: iieoiaoaee, /uee eiaia ia/eiathony n aoeau, iaoiaeyuaeny a
i?iiaaeooea io A aei Ae, anoatho a i/a?aaeue 1, iieoiaoaee “A-E” anoatho
a i/a?aaeue 2 e oae aeaeaa. Eee aianoi yoiai, iaaacei iiaeao iaiyoue
niaoeeaeueiiai neoaeauaai, eioi?ue aoaeao ?ani?aaeaeyoue iieoiaoaeae ii
?aciui i/a?aaeyi. Iaa yoe i?eia?a iieacuaatho, eae aeaenoaoao i?eioeei
ea?a?oee. Ii noia?ia?eaou ia naiii aeaea ?aaioatho ia oae. Iie
iicaieytho iieoiaoaeyi i?eieiaoue naiinoiyoaeueiua ?aoaiey i oii, a
eaeoth i/a?aaeue ei anoaaaoue, i?e/ai, iieoiaoaee iieuecothony
eioi?iaoeeae, iieo/aaiie ec nianoaaiiuo iaaethaeaiee. Eiaaea au
iiaeoiaeeoa e ?yaeo eann a iaaaceia naiiianeoaeeaaiey, au i?aaeaea anaai
euaoa naiua ei?ioeea i/a?aaee. Caoai au i?iaeieaeaaoa aaoe
?annoaeaeaiey, iniiauaaynue ia oii, /oi o iaeieo iieoiaoaeae oaeaaeee
iieiua, ae?oaea aea iieoiatho iaeei-aeaa oiaa?a. Iaeiiaoe, au i?eieiaaoa
?aoaiea e anoaaoa a oo i/a?aaeue, eioi?ay, ia aao acaeyae, aoaeao
aeaeaaoueny auno?aa anaai. Anee au ioeaeenue, e ae?oaea i/a?aaee
i?iaeaeaathony auno?aa, /ai au i?aaeiieaaaee, oi au iiaeaoa ia?aeoe e
ae?oaie eanna. Yoio iiaeoiae e ?aoaieth i?iaeaiu aeaao iai i?eia?
noeoeeiiai ii?yaeea. Ii noeoeeiue, iineieueeo iieoiaoaee i?eieiatho
naiinoiyoaeueiua ?aoaiey, iniiauaaynue ia naiai iaiin?aaenoaaiiii
ie?oaeaiee; yoi eiaiii ii?yaeie, a oii niunea, /oi a ?acoeueoaoa ana
i/a?aaee i?eia?ii iaeeiaeiau. I/a?aaee au?iaiyeenue, oioy ie iaeei
iieoiaoaeue ia eiae naiae oeaeueth au?aaieaaiea i/a?aaeae. Ana i?inoi
i/aiue oioaee aua?aoueny ec iaaaceia iinei?aa.
Aiaeec yeiiiie/aneiai iiaaaeaiey ethaeae a ?aieao iiaeaee “homo
economicus” i?aaeiieaaaao eniieueciaaiea iinooeaoa i ?aoeeiiaeueiii
yeiiiie/aneii iiaaaeaiee /aeiaaea. A aai iniiaa eaaeeo no?aieaiea
eiaeeaeaeooia iieo/eoue iaeneiaeueiue ?acoeueoao i?e ieieiaeueiuo
cao?aoao a oneiaeyo ia?aie/aiiinoe eniieuecoaiuo aiciiaeiinoae e
?ano?nia. I?e oaeiaeaoai?aiee naieo noauaeoeaiuo eioa?ania ethaee aacaea
iaoiaeyony ia?aae iaiaoiaeeiinoueth auae?aoue aeueoa?iaoeaiua niiniau
eniieueciaaiey ia?aie/aiiuo yeiiiie/aneeo aeaa. Anoanoaaiii, /oi aeey
?aaeecaoeee naiaai ?aoeeiiaeueiiai iiaaaeaiey eiaeeaeaeooiu aeieaeiu
iaeaaeaoue naiaiaeie auai?a. N ?acaeoeai /aeiaa/anoaa noaiaiue naiaiaeu
auai?a yeiiiie/aneiai iiaaaeaiey oaaee/eaaaony, /oi naycaii n
iinoaiaiiie eeeaeaeaoeeae nineiaiuo, eanoiauo, iieeoe/aneeo,
eaeaieiae/aneeo, i?aaiauo e i?i/eo ia?aie/aiee yoie naiaiaeu.
Eaeay i ?aoeeiiaeueiii yeiiiie/aneii iiaaaeaiee ethaeae a nenoaia
?uii/iiai oicyenoaa i/aiue aaaeia. Aaaeue no?ieoue ii?aaeaeaiiua
i?iaiicu a ioiioaiee oao eee eiuo iineaaenoaee, iai?eia?,
ainoaea?noaaiiie yeiiiie/aneie iieeoeee aiciiaeii oieueei oiaaea, eiaaea
i?aaeiieaaaaony, /oi /aeiaae aoaeao aanoe naay yeiiiie/anee
?aoeeiiaeueii.
“Anee au ethaee a iauanoaa ia oeaieee ?aoeeiiaeueiinoue, a ioaeaaaee
i?aaeii/oaiea i?e/oaeai, neo/aeiinoyi e aaniieaciui aeaenoaeyi,
yeiiiie/aneay oai?ey ii/oe iioa?yea au naith i?aaeneacaoaeueioth neeo…
aa i?aaeneacaoaeueiay neea auoa a oao iaeanoyo iauanoaaiiie aeecie, aaea
?aoaiey i?eieiathony aieaa iaaeoiaiii” (I. Oaeia. Yeiiiie/aneee ia?ac
iuoeaiey. I., 1991. N. 444)
I?e yoii i?eiyoi ?acee/aoue iieioth ?aoeeiiaeueiinoue yeiiiie/aneiai
iiaaaeaiey, aunooiathuoth nei?aa eae oai?aoe/aneia aeiiouaiea, e
ia?aie/aiioth ?aoeeiiaeueiinoue. A ia?aii neo/aa i?aaeiieaaaaony, /oi
/aeiaae iaeeo/oei ec aiciiaeiuo niiniaia eniieuecoao anth eiathuothny
eioi?iaoeeth e aeinoeaaao iaeaunoaai ?ac?uaa iaaeaeo aeinoeaioouie
?acoeueoaoaie e i?iecaaaeaiiuie cao?aoaie ( iaeneioi auaiae i?e ieieioia
cao?ao). Ia?aie/aiiay ?aoeeiiaeueiinoue io?aaeaao iaaiciiaeiinoue i?e
i?eiyoee oicyenoaaiiuo ?aoaiee eniieueciaaoue anth iieiioo eiathuaeny
eioi?iaoeee ec-ca o?oaeiinoae a aa nai?a e aiaeeca. A yoii neo/aa
?aoaiey i?eieiathony io/anoe ia iniiaa iiuoa, eiooeoeee e i?., a /enoue
auea?uo (o.a. ?acieoea iaaeaeo iaueie auaiaeaie e iaueie ecaea?aeeaie) a
aeaiiii neo/aa iaiueoa.
3. Naycue oai?ee n i?aeoeeie.
I?ioeannu i?eiyoey ?aoaiee, iiieiaaiua eae auai? iaeiie ec ianeieueeeo
aiciiaeiuo aeueoa?iaoea, i?iiecuaatho anth /aeiaa/aneoth aeeciue.
Aieueoeinoai ?aoaiee iu i?eieiaai ia caaeoiuaaynue, oae eae nouanoaoao
aaoiiaoeci iiaaaeaiey, au?aaioaiiue iiiaieaoiae i?aeoeeie. Anoue
?aoaiey, eioi?ui iu i?eaeaai iaeia cia/aiea, e iiyoiio iaei
caaeoiuaaainy i?e inouanoaeaiee auai?a. E, iaeiiaoe, nouanoaotho
i?iaeaiu auai?a, ?aoay eioi?ua, /aeiaae eniuouaaao io/eoaeueiua
?acaeoiuey. Eae i?aaeei, yoe i?iaeaiu eiatho eneeth/eoaeueiue
iaiiaoi?ythueeny oa?aeoa? e naycaiu n ?anniio?aieai oeaeiai ?yaea
aeueoa?iaoea. A oaeeo i?iaeaiao iiaui yaeyaony eeai iauaeo auai?a, eeai
ianoaiiaea, a eioi?ie niaa?oaaony auai?. Oaeea i?iaeaiu i?eiyoey ?aoaiee
iacuaathony i?iaeaiaie oieeaeueiiai auai?a.
Nouanoaoao iiiaeanoai i?iaeai oieeaeueiiai auai?a.
I?iaeaiu ?aoeeiiaeueiiai auai?a a oieeaeueiuo neooaoeeyo, oa?aeoa?iuo
aeey aaeieieno?aoeaiie aeayoaeueiinoe (auai? ieaia eaieoaeiaeiaeaiee,
auai? ieaia i?iecaiaenoaa ecaeaeee, auai? ia?niaeoeaiiai ieaia ?acaeoey
i?aaei?eyoey e ae?.) anaaaea eioa?aniaaee iiiaeo niaoeeaeenoia e
enneaaeiaaoaeae. Nienie iiaeiaiuo i?iaeai aeiaieueii iaoe?ai, ii ana iie
eiatho neaaeothuea /a?ou:
– oieeaeueiinoue, iaiiaoi?eiinoue neooaoeee auai?a;
– neiaeiue aeey ioeaiee oa?aeoa? ?anniao?eaaaiuo aeueoa?iaoea;
– iaaeinoaoi/iay ii?aaeaeaiiinoue iineaaenoaee i?eieiaaiuo
?aoaiee;
– iaee/ea niaieoiiinoe ?acii?iaeiuo oaeoi?ia, eioi?ua neaaeoao
i?eieiaoue ai aieiaiea;
I?iaeaiu ?aoeeiiaeueiiai auai?a a oieeaeueiuo neooaoeeyo nouanoaiaaee
anaaaea, ii ii ?yaeo i?e/ei a iineaaeiea aeanyoeeaoey aaaeiinoue eo
cia/eoaeueii aic?inea. i?aaeaea anaai ?acei aic?in aeeiaieci
ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu e oiaiueoeeny ia?eiae a?aiaie, eiaaea i?eiyoua
?aiueoa ?aoaiey inoathony i?aaeeueiuie. Ai-aoi?uo, ?acaeoea iaoee e
oaoieee i?eaaei e iiyaeaieth aieueoiai /enea aeueoa?iaoeaiuo aa?eaioia
auai?a. A-o?aoueeo, aic?inea neiaeiinoue eaaeaeiai ec aa?eaioia ?aoaiey
i?iaeai oieeaeueiiai auai?a. A ?acoeueoaoa anaai yoiai ?acei aic?inee
o?oaeiinoe ?aoeeiiaeueiiai ?aoaiey i?iaeai oieeaeueiiai auai?a. Yoe
i?iaeaiu nouanoaaiii oneiaeieeenue, e ethaee, ?oeiaiaeeoaee
i?aaiecaoeee, ano?a/athony n ieie ana /aua.
Eae aea iau/ii ?aoathony oaeea i?iaeaiu? A neooaoeeyo i?eiyoey
oieeaeueiuo ?aoaiee anaaaea nouanoaoao iaoaaoea eioi?iaoeee, iie?uoue
eioi?oth iiaeii eeoue aa?ie a iaeio ec aiciiaeiuo aeiioac. Iiuoiua
?oeiaiaeeoaee iau/ii eniieuecotho ana iieaciua niaaou, ii iinooiatho
ii-naiaio, ia iniiaa naiae iiaeaee ?acaeoey aoaeoueo niauoee, naiae
ioeaiee oao eee eiuo ee/iinoae. I?iaeaiu i?eiyoey oieeaeueiuo ?aoaiee
anaaaea o?aaiaaee oai?/aneiai iiaeoiaea, ica?aiey, ae?oaeie neiaaie,
?aoeeiiaeueiue auai? a oieeaeueiuo neooaoeeyo ii naiae nooe yaeyaony
iniaui eneonnoaii.
Iaeiaei, nae/an iu eiaai aiciiaeiinoue i?eiaiyoue oai?eth
?aoeeiiaeueiiai yeiiiie/aneiai iiaaaeaiey e e aiayeiiiie/aneei
neooaoeeyi.
Iiyaeaiey eiinoeueoaoeaiie aeayoaeueiinoe yaeyaony caeiiiia?iui
?acoeueoaoii ?acaeoey yeiiiieee. Iauaeoeaiay iaiaoiaeeiinoue
eniieueciaaiey eiinoeueoaioia, aiaeeoeeia a aaeieieno?aoeaiii aiia?aoa
iai?a?uaii aic?anoaao. Ia?yaeo n i?i/eie oaeoi?aie yoa iaiaoiaeeiinoue
naycaia n auno?uie eciaiaieyie a ie?oaeathuai ian ie?a. Oniaoii
i?eiaiyaoeany ?aiaa i?ioeaaeo?u ieaie?iaaiey e oi?aaeaiey noaiiayony
iaeiyooaeoeaiuie. Ionoonoaea ?aoeeiiaeueiie, oeaeaiai?aaeaiiie iieeoeee
i?eaiaeeo e yeiiiie/aneei iioa?yi, e nieaeaieth oaiiia
iao/ii-oaoie/aneiai i?ia?anna.
Nouanoaotho aeaa i?e/eiu, i?aiyonoaothuea eniieueciaaieth aieaa
niaa?oaiiuo iaoiaeia e i?ioeaaeo? i?eiyoey ?aoaiee. Ia?aay ec ieo
naycaia n o?aaeeoeeiiiuie i?aae?annoaeeaie nio?oaeieeia
aaeieieno?aoeaiiai aiia?aoa, i?eaycaiiinoueth e i?eau/iui oi?iai
iiaeaioiaee ?aoaiee. Aoi?ay – n ianiaa?oainoaii noeey e iaoiaeia ?aaiou
eiinoeueoaioia, n iaaeinoaoi/iui o/aoii eie /aeiaa/aneeo oaeoi?ia. Nai
iooue e oai eee eiui oi?iaeueiui iinoaiiaeai aeieia e oa?ieno. Ii
i?ieaaaao /a?ac iiiaea i?aa?aaeu e i?aiyonoaey, iaecaaaeiua a ?aaeueiuo
neooaoeeyo. AEeciue o?aaoao io eiinoeueoaioa ii i?iaeaiai i?eiyoey
?aoaiee ni/aoaiey iiiaeo ea/anoa: eneonnoaa aiaeeca neooaoeee, aeoaieeo
i?ioanneiiaeueiuo ciaiee, i?eaiia e iaoiaeia i?eiyoey ?aoaiee, oiaiey
i?aaenoaaeaiey ?aeiiaiaeaoeee, i?ioanneiiaeueiuo iaaueia a ?aaioa n
ethaeueie.
Aeey iiiaeo eiinoeueoaioia-niaoeeaeenoia ii iaoiaeai i?eiyoey ?aoaiee
yoa iaeanoue ?aaiou i?eaeaeaoaeueia eiaiii iiaui ni/aoaieai
ineoieiae/aneeo, nioeeieiae/aneeo, iaoaiaoe/aneeo, yeiiiie/aneeo
i?iaeai. A i?aaenoiyuea aeanyoeeaoey iiiaeo oae iacuaaaiua
iiaaaeai/aneeo iaoee aaconeiaii naeaeatho oaa aia?aae. Oiaaea iiyaeony
aiciiaeiinoue no?ieoue iaiiiai aieaa yooaeoeaiua iaoiaeu i?eiyoey
?aoaiee. Ii oaea nae/an iaiaoiaeeii ?anniao?eaaoue i?ioeann i?eiyoey
?aoaiee eae i?ioeaaeo?o, aeaaiuie o/anoieeaie eioi?ie yaeythony
?oeiaiaeeoaeue e yenia?ou. Eiaiii /aeiaa/aneea aniaeou yaeythony
iniiaiuie a i?ioeanna i?eiyoey ?aoaiee. Eiaiii ia yoeo aniaeoao neaaeoao
iniiauaaoue e?eoa?ee i?iaa?ee i?aeoe/aneie oeaiiinoe iaoiaeia i?eiyoey
?aoaiee.
Nienie eeoa?aoo?u.
1. Iaeeiiiaee E., A?th N. “Yeiiiieen” I. 1966.
2. Eo?n yeiiiie/aneie oai?ee. Iiae ?aae. i?io.*aio?eia I.I., i?io.
Eenaeaaie A.A. Ee?ia., Ecaeaoaeuenoai “ANA”, 1995.
3. Aeaoaa?a E.A., THaeei Y.A. “Noaiiaeaiea e nouiinoue nenoaiiiai
iiaeoiaea” I. 1973.
4. Aeaoa I. “Yeiiiie/aneay iuneue a ?ao?iniaeoeaa” I., Aeaei EOAe, 1994.
5. Aeieai Y., Eeiaenae Ae. “?uiie: Iee?iyeiiiie/aneay iiaeaeue” N.-Ia.
1992.
6. Naioyeuenii I. “Yeiiiieea” I. 1964.
7. Aieeei A. A. “THiinoue iaoee. AEeciue e eaeae iuneeoaeae-yeiiiieneia
aei Ia?ena” I., “Iieeoecaeao”, 1985.
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