IIAINEAE?NEAss AINOAeA?NOAAIIAss AEAAeAIEss YEIIIIEEE E OI?AAEAIEss
EO?NIAAss ?AAIOA II YEIIIIE*ANEIE OAI?EE
OAIA : «Iaeeee aecian a ?uii/iie yeiiiieea: aai ?ieue e ia?niaeoeau»
Auiieiee : Oa?aaaa A. A.
I?aiiaeaaaoaeue : Oeeaoia N.A.
Oaeoeueoao : OYI ECI, 1 eo?n
Iai?aaeaiea : Yeiiiieea e oi?aaeaiea
Niaoeeaeecaoeey : ia i?aaei?eyoeyo iaoeiino?iaiey
1997 aiae
OAIA : «Iaeeee aecian a ?uii/iie yeiiiieea: aai ?ieue e ia?niaeoeau»
IEAI ?AAIOU
1. Ianoi e ?ieue iaeiai e n?aaeiaai i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa a i?ioeanna
oi?ie?iaaiey ?uii/iuo no?oeoo?.
1.1. Iiaay eiioeaioeey oi?aaeaiey. Yooaeou ianooaaa, ieieiaeueii
yooaeoeaiue ?acia? i?aaei?eyoey.
1.2. E?eoa?ee auaeaeaiey iaeiai i?aaei?eyoey.
1.3. Iaeeee aecian – iniiaa nia?aiaiiie ?uii/iie eio?ano?oeoo?u:
iniiaiua i?aeiouanoaa iaeiai aeciana
eiiiaaoeeiiiue oa?aeoa? iaeuo i?aaei?eyoee
i?e/eiu iaoaea/ iaeeeo i?aaei?eyoee
2. Ainoaea?noaaiiia ?aaoee?iaaiea iaeiai e n?aaeiaai
i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa a ?innee.
2.1.Nenoaia ainoaea?noaaiiie iiaeaea?aeee iaeiai aeciana : oeaee,
yeaiaiou, ?acoeueoaou.
2.2. oiiaeu iiaeaea?aeee iaeiai i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa – iniiaiua
iai?aaeaiey aeayoaeueiinoe.
4 . Caeeth/aiea.
1.1 & 1.2. Eciaiaiey aioo?aiieo e aiaoieo oneiaee oicyenoaaiiie
aeayoaeueiinoe, i?ienoiaeyuea a ie?a a iineaaeiea aeanyoeeaoey (?anoouay
neiaeiinoue nia?aiaiiiai oaoiieiae/aneiai iai?oaeiaaiey, iaiaoiaeeiinoue
iaeiia?aiaiii iiauoaoue yooaeoeaiinoue e ea/anoai ?aaiou a ni/aoaiee n
oiaieai auno?i ?aaae?iaaoue ia cai?inu ?uiea e iineaaeiea aeinoeaeaiey a
iaoea e oaoieea, naeaeae a no?oeoo?a ecaea?aeae i?iecaiaenoaa e a
niioiioaiee oaeoi?ia eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoe i?aaei?eyoee) iiiaie?aoii
oaaee/eee iaa?oceo ia anth nenoaio oi?aaeaiey nia?aiaiiui
i?iecaiaenoaii.
Iniiauaaynue ia iiuoa ?aaiou aia?eeaineeo eiiiaiee iiaeii naeaeaoue
auaiae : «Oa eiiiaiee, eioi?ua ana aua no?aiyony i?aoniaoue a
eiieo?aioiie ai?ueaa ca n/ao yeiiiiee ia ianooaaa i?iecaiaenoaa, ia
noieueei auea?uaatho, neieueei oa?ytho. E oa?ytho iie iio?aaeoaey e
aeieth ?uiea» (2n.226).
Eaeea aea oa?aeoa?enoeee iaiaoiaeeiu naaiaeiy oniaoii ?acaeaathuaiony
i?iecaiaenoao?
iaaieueoea i?aaiecaoeeiiiua iiae?acaeaeaiey n iaaieueoei /eneii
?aaioieeia, eiathueo aieaa aunieee, /ai i?aaeaea, eaaeeoeeaoeeiiiue e
ia?aciaaoaeueiue o?iaaiue.
Iaaieueoia /enei o?iaiae oi?aaeai/aneie ea?a?oee, ii/oe iieiia
oi?acaeiaiea i?aaiecaoeeiiiie ie?aieaeu.
Aeaiiua oaiaeaioeee a ?acaeoee i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo no?oeoo? oi?aaeaiey
?aaeecothony a aeaoo iai?aaeaieyo:
ai-ia?auo, yoi aeeiaie/iia ?acaeoea iaeiai aeciana;
ai-aoi?uo, iiyaeaiea e ?acaeoea eiiaiaeiuo (a?eaaaeiuo) no?oeoo?.
Naaiaeiy ia anao o?iaiyo oi?aaeaiey ioaeiu aaoiiiiiua, naiioi?aaeyaiua
a?oiiu ?aaioieeia ec ?aciuo iiae?acaeaeaiee eiiiaiee, niiniaiua
iaiin?aaenoaaiii aueoe ia ?uiie. A nouiinoe, aeaiiua no?oeoo?u yaeythony
eiae/aneei neaaenoaeai oaiaeaioeee a ?acaeoee oi?ie?iaaiey i?ano?oeoo?u
oi?aaeaiey ei?ii?aoeee, i?ineaaeeaathueany ia i?ioyaeaiee iineaaeiaai
iieoaaea. Eiiaiaeiua no?oeoo?u i?ecaaiu iaania/eoue ni/aoaiea
i?aeiouanoa iaeiai aeciana n i?ia?aiiii-oeaeaaui oi?aaeaieai a ?aieao
e?oiiie i?aaiecaoeee. N iaeeei aecianii eiiaiaeiua no?oeoo?u i?aaeaea
anaai naeeaeaao iauiinoue i?aaiecaoeeiiiie eoeueoo?u, nenoaiu
iaoa?eaeueiiai e ii?aeueiiai noeioee?iaaiey, iuouaiea oicyeia
iieo/aiiiai ?acoeueoaoa. Iaeioi?ua aia?eeaineea ei?ii?aoeee («Aethiii»,
«Aeaeaia?ae iioi?n») aua a 20-a aiaeu inouanoaeee aeaoeaio?aeecaoeeth
oi?aaeaiey iooai nicaeaiey oae iacuaaaiuo aeeaeceiiiuo no?oeoo?.
Aiineaaenoaee yoio iiaeoiae caeinoaiaaee iiiaea e?oiiua oe?iu. A a 70-a
e 80-a aiaeu ii noae aeiieie?othuei. Nouiinoue iiaeiaiiai iiaeoiaea a
auaeaeaiee ioaeaeaiee, eiathueo ii?aaeaeaiioth ocei io?aneaaoth eee
i?iaeoeoiaoth niaoeeaeecaoeeth. Aia?eeaineea niaoeeaeenou n/eoatho, /oi
eaaeaeay ec e?oiiaeoeo eiiiaiee NOA iiaeao auoue, ?acaeaeaia ia
iaaieueoea i?iecaiaenoaaiiua e iai?iecaiaenoaaiiua aaeeieoeu, ia
naiinoiyoaeueiua a?eaaaeu ?aai/eo e eiaeaia?ia eee ia eiiaiaeu
niaoeeaeenoia, a eaeaaea n /eneii caiyouo io 15 aei 20 /aeiaae
(2.n.267).
Ia oae aeaaii auei caia/aii, /oi, ia/eiay n ii?aaeaeaiiiai iiiaioa, ana
aieueoa e aieueoa ?acia?u i?aaei?eyoey icia/atho iiauoaiea n?aaeieo
iaueo ecaea?aeae. Yeiiiienou ii?aaeaeeee yoi eae iieiaeeoaeueiue e
io?eoeaoaeueiue yooaeo ?inoa ianooaaia i?iecaiaenoaa eee «yooaeo
ianooaaa» (1.n.57).
Iieiaeeoaeueiue yooaeo ianooaaa aeiaieueii iiae?iaii eco/ai a iaoae
eeoa?aoo?a. Oaia aeaiiie ?aaiou i?aaeiieaaaao ia?auaiea e iaaeinoaoi/ii
eco/aiiiio o ian yaeaieth – aicieeiiaaieth io?eoeaoaeueiie noi?iiu
«yooaeoa ianooaaa». Iniiaiay i?e/eia naycaia n ii?aaeaeaiiuie
oi?aaeai/aneeie o?oaeiinoyie, aicieeathueie i?e iiiuoea yooaeoeaii
eiio?iee?iaaoue e eii?aeeie?iaaoue aeayoaeueiinoue eiiiaiee,
i?aa?aoeaoaeny a e?oiiiianooaaiia i?iecaiaenoai. Aua Ieoa?n e Oioa?iai
ioia/aee, /oi, ii eo iaaethaeaieyi, i?aaiecaoeee n /eneii caiyouo aieaa
500 /aeiaae noaiiayony ieioi oi?aaeyaiuie, iaiiai?ioeeauie,
iaaini?eei/eauie e iiaiaaaaeaieyi e ia ?aaae?otho ia aicieeathuea
i?iaeaiu (2, n.226). A ?acoeueoaoa no?aaeatho yooaeoeaiinoue e ?anooo
n?aaeiea ecaea?aeee i?iecaiaenoaa.
Io?eoeaoaeueiue yooaeo i?iecaiaenoaa aeaiiino?e?oaony aicauoathueiny
io?aceii e?eaie aeieain?i/iuo ecaea?aeae ia ?en.A (i?eeiaeaiea 1).
Aeaiiua ?annoaeaeaiey eiae/anee iiaeaiaeyo e auaiaeo i oii, /oi
iieiaeeoaeueiua e io?eoeaoaeueiua yooaeou ianooaaa yaeythony aaaeiaeoeie
oaeoi?aie, ii?aaeaeythueie no?oeoo?o aeaiiie io?anee. Yoi ioaeii
o/eouaaoue yeiiiie/aneeie e ainoaea?noaaiiuie no?oeoo?aie i?e
oi?ie?iaaiee eiioeaioeee oi?aaeaiey iaeui aecianii. Iaeiaei yoi ia
aiai?eo i i?aaeii/oaiey e?oiiiai eee iaeeiai i?iecaiaenoaa. Eo
i?aeiouanoaa ?aaeecothony eeoue a oii neo/aa, anee i?aaeeueii aua?aia
noa?a aeayoaeueiinoe e nicaeaiu oneiaey aeey oniaoiiai
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey.
1.2. Yeiiiie/aneea ?aoi?iu a iaoae no?aia iieiaeeee ia/aei eioaineaiiio
aicieeiiaaieth iaeuo i?aaei?eyoee. A no?aiao caiaaeiie yeiiiieee yoi
i?ioeann ia/aeny caaeieai aei yoiai. 70-80 aa aiaeu iciaiaiiaaeenue
i?enoaeueiui aieiaieai yeiiiienoia e i?iaeaiai ?acaeoey iaeiai aeciana.
Yoio eioa?an ia aue neo/aeiui. E?eceniua yaeaiey (iniaaiii ia/aea 80-o
aiaeia) iaaeyaeii iieacaee: iaeua i?aaei?eyoey, iaeaaeay aieueoae
iiaeeueiinoueth, /ai e?oiiua ei?ii?aoeee niiniaiu auno?aa ?aaae?iaaoue
ia eieaaaiey iio?aaeoaeueneiai ni?ina. Ie?iaay i?aeoeea oaaaeaeaao:
i?i?ua e ?uieo iiaeao auoue inouanoaeai i?aaeaea anaai, /a?ac aeoeaiia
?acaeoea iaeiai aeciana. Ii yaeyaony naaiaeiy noaiiaui o?aaoii yeiiiieee
?acaeouo no?ai. Yoi iiaeoaa?aeaeaaony eiee/anoaaiiui niioiioaieai
i?aaei?eyoee «iaeie yeiiiieee» e iauaio /eneo oe?i, aeaenoaothueo ia
?uiea oie eee eiie no?aiu (ni. I?eeiaeaiea 3). A ?innee yoio naeoi?
i?aeoe/anee ia nicaeai. Nia?aiaiiay no?oeoo?a ?uii/iie yeiiiieee a
ianooaaao ?innee i?aaeiieaaaao iaee/ea 10-12 ieeeeiiia iaeuo
i?aaei?eyoee, a oaeoe/anee ian/eouaaaony 300-400 ouny/, iiiaea ec
eioi?uo iiea /oi aeaeaee io ?uii/iuo «eiiaeeoeee» (5, n.17).
A caiaaeiuo no?aiao ia ?ac?aaioai aaeeiue e?eoa?ee, niaeanii eioi?iio oa
eee eiua i?aaei?eyoey ioiinyony e eaoaai?ee iaeuo i?aaei?eyoee.
Nouanoaotho eioaeeaeooaeueiua ii?aaeaeaiey. Iaeii ec ieo aeiaieueii
?ani?ino?aiaiiia ii?aaeaeaiea, aeaiiia a aeieeaaea eiieoaoa a?eoaineiai
ia?eaiaioa ii enneaaeiaaieth iaeuo oe?i (oae iacuaaaiue eiieoao Aieoiia)
a 1971 aiaeo: «… iaeie yaeyaony oe?ia, eioi?ay, ai-ia?auo, eiaao
ioiineoaeueii iaaieueooth aeieth ?uiea naiae i?iaeoeoeee, ai-aoi?uo,
oi?aaeyaony nianoaaiieeaie, a-o?aoueeo, iacaaeneiay a niunea, /oi ia
yaeyaony /anoueth aieaa e?oiiiai i?aaei?eyoey e nianoaaiieee –
iaiaaeaea?u naiaiaeiu io eiio?iey ecaia i?e i?eiyoee i?eioeeieaeueiuo
?aoaiee.
Oiio?aaeyaony oaeaea ooieoeeiiaeueiay eeanneoeeaoeey. Ii ii?aaeaeaieth
iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai ath?i o?oaea, e iaeui e n?aaeiei i?aaei?eyoeyi
ioiinyony oe?iu a ia?aaaouaathuae i?iiuoeaiiinoe e a noa?a oneoa,
naiaeiua i?aaei?eyoey, oe?iu, eniieuecothuea iaaeiiieeia, eiiia?aoeaiua,
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiua i?aaei?eyoey.
Iaeiaei iaeaieaa ?ani?ino?aiaiiui e?eoa?eai yaeyaony eiee/anoai caiyouo
(ni.i?eeiaeaiea 4).
A ioiioaiee ?inneeneeo iaeuo i?aaei?eyoee i?iaeieaeaao aeaenoaiaaoue
iinoaiiaeaiea NI ?NON? ?406, ii eioi?iio onoaiiaeaii aeaa e?eoa?ey eo
auaeaeaiey : eiee/anoai ?aaioathueo e iauai oicyenoaaiiiai iai?ioa.
Oaeoe/anee a iinoaiiaeaiee naeaeaia iiiuoea eeanneoeoee?iaaoue iaeua
i?aaei?eyoey ii eiee/anoao caiyouo n o/aoii io?aneaaie i?eiaaeeaaeiinoe
(ni.i?eeiaeaiea 5).
Anieane iiyaeaiey iaeuo i?aaei?eyoee a iaoae no?aia i?eoiaeeony ia
1994a. Ii aoeaaeueii /a?ac ianeieueei ianyoeaa iiauoaiea oeai e
oaeanoi/aiea iaeiaiaie iieeoeee ?acei nie?aoeee eo i?e?ino. Aeaeiaay
aeoeaiinoue caia?ea. Ia/aeny i?ioeann auaeeaaiey.
Anoanoaaiii, /oi a oaeeo oneiaeyo iaeia i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoai ia iiaeao
?aaeeciaaoue oa ooieoeee, eioi?ua i?enoue iaeiio aeciano a ae?oaeo
no?aiao, e, neaaeiaaoaeueii, auiieiyoue naith caaea/o – oi?ie?iaaoue
iieiioeaiiue ?uiie oiaa?ia e oneoa.
1.3. iaeue aecian a ?uii/iie yeiiiieea – aaaeouee naeoi?, ii?aaeaeythuee
oaiiu yeiiiie/aneiai ?inoa, no?oeoo?o e ea/anoai aaeiaiai
iaoeeiiaeueiiai i?iaeoeoa. Ii aeaei ia oieueei a eiee/anoaaiiuo
iieacaoaeyo – yoio oaeoi? ii naiie naiae nooe yaeyaony oeie/ii ?uii/iui
e ninoaaeyao iniiao nia?aiaiiie ?uii/iie eio?ano?oeoo?u. Iniiaiua
i?aeiouanoaa, oa?aeoa?iua /a?ou, i?enouea iaeiio aeciano:
a) aiciiaeiinoue aieaa aeaeeo e iia?aoeaiuo ?aoaiee. Ii n?aaiaieth n
e?oiiuie ei?ii?aoeeyie a iaeii aeciana oi?iuaia no?oeoo? i?eiyoey
oi?aaeai/aneeo ?aoaiee, yoi aeaao aiciiaeiinoue auno?i e aeaei
?aaae?iaaoue ia eiiuthieoo?iua eciaiaiey, a oii /enea iooai iaiaa?a
eaieoaea i?e ia?aeeth/aiee n iaeiiai aeaea aeayoaeueiinoe ia ae?oaie.
a) i?eaioaoeey i?iecaiaeeoaeae i?aeiouanoaaiii ia ?aaeiiaeueiue ?uiie.
Iaeue aecian eaeaaeueii i?eniiniaeai aeey eco/aiey iiaeaeaiee,
i?aaeii/oaiee, iau/aaa, i?eau/ae e ae?oaeo oa?aeoa?enoee ianoiiai ?uiea.
a) iiaeaea?aeaiea caiyoinoe e nicaeaiea iiauo ?aai/eo iano. Yoa i?iaeaia
/?acau/aeii aeooaeueia aeey iaoae no?aiu; i?ioeann i?eaaoecaoeee oaa?ao
aaeeano n i?aaei?eyoee e iaeeee aecian iia au nua?aoue ?ieue
aii?oecaoi?a, aia?aa a naay naiaiaeioth ?aai/oth neeo.
a) auiieiaiea aniiiiaaoaeueiuo ooieoeee ii ioiioaieth e e?oiiui
i?iecaiaeeoaeyi. E?oiiua oe?iu aeaoeaio?aeecotho i?iecaiaenoaaiiue
i?ioeann, ia?aaeaaay aai oacu iaeui i?aaei?eyoeyi ia iniiaa
noaeiiia?aoi?ia.
ae) iaaieueoie ia?aiia/aeueiue iauai eiaanoeoeee. O iaeuo i?aaei?eyoee
iaiueoea n?iee no?ieoaeuenoaa; iaaieueoea ?acia?u, ei auno?aa e aeaoaaea
ia?aaii?oaeaoueny, aiaae?youe iiaoth oaoiieiaeth e aaoiiaoecaoeeth
i?iecaiaenoaa, aeinoeaaoue iioeiaeueiiai ni/aoaiey iaoeiiiai e ?o/iiai
o?oaea.
a) yeiiiie/aneay yooaeoeaiinoue i?iecaiaenoaa a iaeuo i?aaei?eyoeyo.
ae) eiiiaaoeeiiiue oa?aeoa? iaeuo i?aaei?eyoee. Iiiaea yeiiiienou
ionoaeaatho eaeath ia eneeth/eoaeueiie ?iee iaeiai aeciana a
?acaa?ouaaiee IO?.
Iaeaieaa cia/eoaeueioth aeoeaiinoue a iaeanoe iiaiaaaaeaiee i?iyaeytho
aai/o?iua oe?iu. Iie oniaoii eiieo?e?otho n e?oiiuie, aeiaeaaynue aieaa
auno?uo oaiiia aiaae?aiey aeinoeaeaiee iao/ii-oaoie/aneiai i?ia?anna.
Iaeeea enneaaeiaaoaeueneea oe?iu aeoeaii i?iaiaeyo enneaaeiaaiey e
?ac?aaioee, i?iyaeytho aieueoa aeaeaiey acyoue ia naay ?ene, ai?acaei
yooaeoeaiaa eniieuecotho enneaaeiaaoaeueneea oiiaeu e iai?oaeiaaiea,
eaaeeoeoee?iaaiiua eaae?u, oai naiui aiinyo aaniiue aeeaae a
eiiiaaoeeiiiue i?ioeann, oaoiieiae/aneia iaiiaeaiea i?iecaiaenoaa.
Iaeeea eiiiaaoeeiiiua oe?iu n eo iiaeeueiinoueth a oneiaeyo eiieo?aioeee
iiauo oiaa?ia, eiaaea ?uii/iui oaeoi?ii noaiiayony oaiiu iaiiaeaiey
anni?oeiaioa auioneaaiie i?iaeoeoeee, iaoee naia ianoi a nenoaia
oicyenoaa. Iie caieiathony ia/aeueiuie noaaeeyie iiaiaaaaeaiee, inoaaeyy
e?oiiui oe?iai eaieoaeiaieea noaaeee i?iiuoeaiiiai ?acaa?ouaaiey iiauo
i?iecaiaenoa. Aeinoeaeaiey iao/ii-oaoie/aneiai i?ia?anna iicaieytho ei
auno?i iiaeeeth/eoueny e iaoeiaieei io?aneyi, ia ?aniieaaay i?e yoii
aieueoei eaieoaeii.
Iaeeea oe?iu aeaenoaotho a oneiaeyo aeanoeie ?uii/iie eiieo?aioeee,
eioi?oth ia ana niiniaiu auaea?aeaoue. Iiyoiio ao?iue ?ino /enea iiauo
i?aaei?eyoee nii?iaiaeaeaaony a oi aea a?aiy ?aci?aieai iiiaeo ec ieo. A
aieueoeinoaa neo/aaa (ieiei 90%) oe?iu ?aci?ythony ia ec-ca iaoaaoee
eaieoaea eee iayooaeoeaiie oaoiieiaee, a ec-ca ionoonoaey oi?aaeai/aneeo
ciaiee (6, n.6).
A NOA ?aaoey?ii i?iaiaeyony ii?inu, aaea aeaaiuie i?e/eiaie iaoaea/ /aua
anaai iacuaathony (4, n.22):
1) iaeiiiaoaioiinoue, ianaaeaine?iaaiiue iiuo (iai?eia?, iiuoiue
eiaeaia?, ii iaiiuoiue eiiia?naio), iaoaaoea iiuoa a eiiia?oeee,
oeiainao, iinoaaeao, i?iecaiaenoaa e oi?aaeaiee;
2) iacia/eoaeueiua iauaiu i?iaeaae
3) eiieo?aioeey
4) neeoeii aieueoea yenieoaoaoeeiiiua ?anoiaeu.
Iaeiaei, /aua anaai eiiiaiee oie?atho io ia?aoaiiuo oi?aaeai/aneeo
i?iaeai, iaaeaee io iaoaaoee eaieoaea eee eiaanoeoeee. Oii Iaee,
eioi?iio oaeaeinue o/anoaiaaoue a noaiiaeaiee iiiaeo eiiiaiee aiai?eo
(2, n.231) : «i?e/eiie aaie?ionoaa yaeyaony iioa?y eiio?iey ca
ninoiyieai aeae e ia ioaa/athuay iio?aaiinoyi i?iecaiaenoaa nenoaia
oi?aaeaiey».
2.1. ?acaeoea iaeeiai i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa a ?innee i?aaeiieaaaao aieaa
aiooeoaeueiue i?ioeaio ?aci?eaoeony i?aaei?eyoee, /ai a no?aiao n
?acaeoie oi?aaeai/aneie eio?ano?oeoo?ie. Iaeua i?aaei?eyoey iauaeoeaii,
ii naiae i?e?iaea iaoiaeyony a ooaeoeo eiieo?aioiuo oneiaeyo ia ?uiea ii
n?aaiaieth n e?oiiui aecianii. O ieo auoa ecaea?aeee i?iecaiaenoaa a
nayce n iaeuie na?eyie auioneaaiie i?iaeoeoeee, aieaa ieceee o?iaaiue
iao/ii-oaoie/aneie iniauaiiinoe, i?aaiecaoeee, eaaeeoeeaoeee eaae?ia.
Neiaeiaa ianoieo aeaei n eioi?iaoeeiiiui iaania/aieai, ei ia?aaeei ia
oaaoaao n?aaenoa aeey i?iaaaeaiey ia?eaoeiaa. Ana yoi noaaeo iaeua
i?aaei?eyoey a iaauaiaeiia iieiaeaiea ia ?uiea. Iiyoiio nicaeaiea
?acaa?iooie e ananoi?iiiae nenoaiu ainoaea?noaaiiie e iauanoaaiiie
iiaeaea?aeee iaeiai aeciana – aaaeiaeoaa oneiaea aai ?acaeoey.
Ainoaea?noaaiiay iiaeaea?aeea iaeiai i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa
inouanoaeyaony ii neaaeothuei iai?aaeaieyi:
1) oi?ie?iaaiea eio?ano?oeoo?u iiaeaea?aeee e ?acaeoey iaeiai
i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa
2) nicaeaiea eueaioiuo oneiaee eniieueciaaiey noauaeoaie iaeiai
i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa ainoaea?noaaiiuo oeiainiauo,
iaoa?eaeueii-oaoie/aneeo e eioi?iaoeeiiiuo ?ano?nia, a oaeaea
iao/ii-oaoie/aneeo ?ac?aaioie e oaoiieiaee
3) onoaiiaeaiea oi?iuaiiiai ii?yaeea ?aaeno?aoeee iaeiai
i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa, eeoeaice?iaaiey eo aeayoaeueiinoe, na?oeoeeaoeee
i?iaeoeoeee, i?aaeinoaaeaiey ainoaea?noaaiiie noaoenoe/aneie e
aooaaeoa?neie io/aoiinoe
4) iiaeaea?aeea aiaoiayeiiiie/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe noauaeoia iaeiai
i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa, aeeth/ay niaeaenoaea ?acaeoeth eo oi?aiauo,
iao/ii-oaoie/aneeo, i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo naycae n ca?oaaaeiuie no?aiaie
5) i?aaiecaoeey iiaeaioiaee, ia?aiiaeaioiaee e iiauoaiey eaaeeoeeaoeee
eaae?ia aeey iaeuo i?aaei?eyoee.
Iaeiei ec iaeaieaa aaaeiuo iai?aaeaiee ainoaea?noaaiiie iiaeaea?aeee y
yaeyaony eueaioiia e?aaeeoiaaiea.
Aeciano ioaeai i?eoie n?aaenoa. E?oiiui i?aaei?eyoeyi – n eiaiai,
aaoi?eoaoii, aaie anaaaea iieaeao iaano?a/o. A iaeiio, iniaaiii
ia/eiathuaio, a?yae ee ia iau/iuo oneiaeyo aeaaeoo e?aaeeo. Iiyoiio
caeiiii ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee «I ainoaea?noaaiiie iiaeaea?aeea iaeiai
i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa a ?O» io 12 iay 1995 aiaea i?aaeoniio?aii
eueaioiia e?aaeeoiaaiea e no?aoiaaiea noauaeoia iaeiai
i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa n eiiiainaoeeae niioaaonoaothuae ?acieoeu
e?aaeeoiui e no?aoiaui eiiiaieyi ca n/ao n?aaenoa oiiaeia iiaeaea?aeee
iaeiai i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa.
E?iia eueaioiie e?aaeeoiie iieeoeee i?eiaiyaony e eueaioiia
iaeiaiiaeiaeaiea. Caeiiaie ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee onoaiaaeeaathony
eueaiou ii iaeiaiiaeiaeaieth noauaeoia iaeiai i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa,
eiaanoeoeeiiiuo e eeceiaiauo eiiiaiee, e?aaeeoiuo e no?aoiauo
i?aaiecaoeee.
Aieueooth ?ieue a ainoaea?noaaiiie iiaeaea?aeea iaeiai aeciana aeieaeiu
nua?aoue oiiaeu, ainoaea?noaaiiua e ioieoeeiaeueiua. Iiaeaea?aeea iaeiai
i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa, iniiaiuie iai?aaeaieyie aeayoaeueiinoe eioi?uie
yaeythony:
niaeaenoaea a oi?ie?iaaiee ?uii/iuo ioiioaiee iooai i?eaea/aiey e
yooaeoeaiiai eniieueciaaiey oeiainiauo ?ano?nia aeey ?aaeecaoeee
oeaeaauo i?ia?aii, i?iaeoia, ia?ii?eyoee a iaeanoe iaeiai
i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa;
o/anoea a ?ac?aaioea, i?iaaaeaiee yenia?oecu e eiieo?niii ioai?a
i?iaeoia a iaeanoe iaeiai i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa, ?acaeoea eiieo?aioeee,
ianuuaiey oiaa?iiai ?uiea, nicaeaiey iiauo ?aai/eo iano
o/anoea a oi?ne?iaaiee ?aaio ii nicaeaieth eio?ano?oeoo?u ?uiea
iiaeaea?aeea eiiiaaoeeiiiie aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneeo
no?oeoo?, noeioee?iaaiea ?ac?aaioee e i?iecaiaenoaa i?eioeeieaeueii
iiauo aeaeia i?iaeoeoeee, niaeaenoaea a inaiaiee iiauo oaoiieiaee e
ecia?aoaiee
niaeaenoaea a i?eaea/aiee ioa/anoaaiiuo e eiino?aiiuo eiaanoeoeee aeey
?aaeecaoeee i?ei?eoaoiuo iai?aaeaiee aeayoaeueiinoe ii nicaeaieth
eiieo?aioiie n?aaeu e ?acaeoeth iaeiai i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa.
Oiiaeu iiaeaea?aeee iaeiai i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa iiaoo i?aaeinoaaeoue
eueaioiua e?aaeeou, aani?ioeaioiua nnoaeu, e?aoein?i/iua caeiu,
auiieiyoue ooieoeee caeiaiaeaoaey, ii?o/eoaey, aa?aioa a oeaeyo ?acaeoey
eiieo?aioeee e ianuuaiey oiaa?iiai ?uiea.
4. Eoae, eae iieacuaaao aiaeec oi?i, i?ioeey e i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo no?oeoo?
iaeiai i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa, cia/eoaeueiay eo /anoue i?aaie/anee
naycaia n ?aaioie e?oiiuo i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo no?oeoo?. Iaeua i?aaei?eyoey
eeai acaeiiaeaenoaotho n ieie a ?aaeeia onoie/eaiai eiiia?e?iaaiey, eeai
oi?ie?otho eio?ano?oeoo?o ooieoeeiie?iaaiey anao aeaeia i?aaei?eyoee,
iaoiaeyueony ia iaeiie oa??eoi?ee. A yoeo oneiaeyo auai? iai?aaeaiee
?acaeoey e iainiiaaiey i?ioeey iaeuo i?aaei?eyoee a aieueoae ia?a
caaeneo io neiaeeaoaeny iauae i?aaiecaoeeiiii-i?iecaiaenoaaiiie
no?oeoo?u e a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue io e?oiiuo i?aaei?eyoee. Oaeay
acaeiinaycue e?oiiiai e iaeeiai aeciana o?aaoao nicaeaiey i?ia?anneaiuo
i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo no?oeoo?.
A oneiaeyo ianoaaeeueiinoe aiaoiae n?aaeu – eieaaaiee oeai ia nu?uea e
yia?aeth, eioeyoeee, nea/eia aaethoiuo eo?nia, eciaiaiee a yeiiiie/aneie
iieeoeea ainoaea?noa – iaeua e n?aaeeia i?aaei?eyoey noa?athony
eniieueciaaoue ia?yaeo n i?aeiouanoaaie niaoeeaeecaoeee aiciiaeiinoe,
i?aaeinoaaeyaiua i?iecaiaenoaaiiie eiiia?aoeeae, ?anoe?aieai ianooaaa
i?iecaiaenoaa, i?iaaaeaieai niaianoiuo iao/iuo enneaaeiaaiee e
?ac?aaioie, ?acaeaeaieai oeiainiaiai ?enea. Oieueei iauaaeeiyy oneeey ii
oeaeiio ?yaeo iai?aaeaiee iaeua i?aaei?eyoey iiaoo ?ann/eouaaoue ia
noaaeeueiia iieiaeaiea a no?oeoo?a yeiiiieee, oniaoioth eiieo?aioeeth e
nio?oaeie/anoai n e?oiiuie i?aaei?eyoeyie.
Nienie eniieueciaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u :
1) Eyiaaee ?. Iaeeiiaee, Noaiee E. A?th. «Yeiiiieea». Iineaa,
ecaeaoaeuenoai «?anioaeeea», 1992a., oii 2.
2) «Iaeeee aecian a Caiaaeiie Aa?iia». Iineaa, 1992a.
3) «Eae aeiaeoueny oniaoa» (iiae iauae ?aaeaeoeeae A. O?ooeeiai) Iineaa,
ecaeaoaeuenoai «iieeoe/aneay eeoa?aoo?a», 1991a.
4) «Iaeeee aecian e yooaeoeaiinoue aia?eeaineie yeiiiieee», Iineaa,
«Oaeo», 1991a.
5) «Yeiiiie/aneay aacaoa» ?36, 39 1992a.
6) «Nicaeaiea e ?acaeoea iaeuo i?aaei?eyoee», Iineaa, «Oeiainu e
noaoenoeea», 1991a.
7) «Iaeue aecian a nenoaia i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa Aaeeeia?eoaiee»,
Iineaa, aaaionoai «Eioa?i?eio», 1992a.
8) «I?aeoe/aneia iiniaea ii oeiainiaiio ieaie?iaaieth nianoaaiiiai
i?aaei?eyoey», Iiaineae?ne, 1992a.
9) Iinoaiiaeaiea NI ?NON? ?406 io 18 ethey 1991 a. «I ia?ao ii
iiaeaea?aeea e ?acaeoeth iaeuo i?aaei?eyoee a ?NON?»
10) Iinoaiiaeaiea NI I?aaeoaeuenoaa ?O ?446 io 11 iay 1993a. «I
ia?aii/a?aaeiuo ia?ao ii ?acaeoeth e ainoaea?noaaiiie iiaeaea?aeea
iaeiai i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa a ?O».
11) Oaaea?aeueiue caeii ?O io 12 iay 1995a. «I ainoaea?noaaiiie
iiaeaea?aeea iaeiai i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa a ?O».
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