? a o a ? a o
ia oaio:
Eioeyoeey
e oi?iu aa i?iyaeaiey
Auiieiee:
o/aiee 11a eeanna
n?aaeiae oeieu ? 138
?aiaeei Aiae?ae Aaneeueaae/
Aae?an:
620135, a. Aeaoa?eiao?a,
oe. Oaoneay, ae. 96, ea. 297,
oaeaoii: 35-73-58
Aeaoa?eiao?a 1997N I Ae A ? AE I E A
I. Oai?aoe/aneay /anoue.
1. Aaaaeaiea. Iiiyoea Eioeyoeee 3
2. I?e/eiu Eioeyoeee 5
3. Aeaeu eioeyoeee 8
4. Yeiiiie/aneea e nioeeaeueiua iineaaenoaey eioeyoeee. 12
5. E?eaay Oeeeeina. 13
Aioeeioeyoeeiiiay iieeoeea. 17
II. I?aeoe/aneay /anoue.
1. Eioeyoeey a ?innee. I?e/eiu e iniaaiiinoe 19
Aioeeioeyoeeiiiay iieeoeea a ?innee. 22
Iiaua acaeyaeu ia eioeyoeeth (Oai?ey i?ioanni?a
A.Ioaa/aaa) 26
Caeeth/aiea. 27
Nienie eeoa?aoo?u 28
Yienney – iieoi aeey ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa.
I. A. Nieieueieeia
Oai?aoe/aneay /anoue.
·1. Iiiyoea eioeyoeee
Eae yeiiiie/aneia yaeaiea eioeyoeey nouanoaoao oaea aeeeoaeueiia a?aiy.
N/eoaaony, /oi aa iiyaeaiea naycaii /ooue ee ia n aicieeiiaaieai aeaiaa,
n ooieoeeiie?iaaieai eioi?uo iia ia?ac?uaii naycaia.
Oa?iei eioeyoeey (io eaoeineiai inflatio – acaeooea) aia?aua noae
oiio?aaeyoueny a Naaa?iie Aia?eea a ia?eiae a?aaeaeaineie aieiu
1861-1865 aa. e iaicia/ae i?ioeann ?acaooaiey aoiaaeii-aeaiaaeiiai
ia?auaiey. A XIX aaea yoio oa?iei oiio?aaeyeny oaeaea a Aiaeee e ai
O?aioeee. Oe?ieia ?ani?ino?aiaiea a yeiiiie/aneie eeoa?aoo?a iiiyoea
eioeyoeey iieo/eei a OO aaea n?aco iinea Ia?aie ie?iaie aieiu. A
niaaoneie yeiiiie/aneie eeoa?aoo?a iiiyoea aicieeei eeoue a na?aaeeia
20o aiaeia.
Iaeaieaa eaeiie/iia ii?aaeaeaiea eioeyoeee – iiauoaiea iauaai o?iaiy
oeai, iaeaieaa iauaa – ia?aiieiaiea eaiaeia ia?auaiey aeaiaaeiie iannu
naa?o iio?aaiinoae oiaa?iiai?ioa, /oi aucuaaao iaanoeaiaiea aeaiaaeiie
aaeeieoeu e niioaaonoaaiii ?ino oiaa?iuo oeai.
Iaeiaei o?aeoiaeo eioeyoeee eae ia?aiieiaiea eaiaeia aeaiaaeiiai
ia?auaiey iaanoeaieaathueieny aoiaaeiuie aeaiueaaie iaeuecy n/eoaoue
iieiie. Eioeyoeey, oioue iia i?iyaeyaony oieueei a ?inoa oiaa?iuo oeai,
ia yaeyaony noaoai aeaiaaeiui oaiiiaiii. Eioeyoeey – anoue oiieia
nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneia yaeaiea, ii?iaeaeaaiia aeeni?iii?oeeyie
aini?iecaiaenoaa a ?acee/iuo noa?ao ?uii/iiai oicyenoaa. Iaeiia?aiaiii,
eioeyoeey – iaeia ec iaeaieaa ino?uo i?iaeai nia?aiaiiiai ?acaeoey
yeiiiieee i?aeoe/anee ai anao no?aiao ie?a.
Nooue eioeyoeee caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi iaoeeiiaeueiay aaethoa
iaanoeaieaaaony ii ioiioaieth e oiaa?ai, oneoaai e eiino?aiiui aaethoai,
nio?aiythuei noaaeeueiinoue naiae iieoiaoaeueiie niiniaiinoe. Iaeioi?ua
?inneeneea o/aiua aeiaaaeytho e yoiio ia?a/ith aua e cieioi, i?eaeaaay
aio ii-i?aaeiaio ?ieue anaiauaai yeaeaaeaioa.
2. I?e/eiu eioeyoeee.
?ino oeai iiaeao auoue naycai n i?aauoaieai ni?ina iaae i?aaeeiaeaieai
oiaa?ia, iaeiaei oaeay aeeni?iii?oeey iaaeaeo ni?inii e i?aaeeiaeaieai
ai iiiaeo neo/ayo ia yaeyaony eioeyoeeae. I?eia? – yia?aaoe/aneee e?ecen
70o a NOA, eiaaea iaooaaeiauaathuea no?aiu iiaeiyee oeaiu ia iaooue a
aeanyoee ?ac, a ia ae?oaea oiaa?u e oneoae a oi a?aiy oeaiu aic?inee ia
7-9%.
Iacaaeneii io ninoiyiey aeaiaaeiie noa?u oiaa?iua oeaiu iiaoo
eciaiyoueny aneaaenoaea ?inoa i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea, oeeeee/aneeo
e naciiiuo eieaaaiee, no?oeoo?iuo naeaeaia a nenoaia aini?iecaiaenoaa,
iiiiiieecaoeee ?uiea, ainoaea?noaaiiiai ?aaoee?iaaiey yeiiiieee,
aaaaeaiey iiauo noaaie iaeiaia, aeaaaeueaaoeee e ?aaaeueaaoeee
aeaiaaeiie aaeeieoeu, eciaiaiey eiiuthieoo?u ?uiea, aicaeaenoaey
aiaoiayeiiiie/aneeo naycae, noeoeeiuo aaaenoaee, e o.i. I/aaeaeii, /oi
ia anyeee ?ino oeai – eioeyoeey, iiyoiio iniaaiii aaaeii auaeaeeoue
aeaenoaeoaeueii eioeyoeeiiiua.
Oae, ?ino oeai, naycaiiue n oeeeee/aneeie eieaaaieyie eiiutheoo?u,
iaeuecy n/eoaoue eioeyoeeiiiui. Ii ia?a i?ioiaeaeaiey oac oeeeea,
iniaaiii i?e eiiaaea eiathuae ianoi eo “ianoaiaea?oiie” ?anoyiooinoe,
caiaoii aoaeao iaiyoueny e aeeiaieea oeai. Oeaiu aoaeoo iiauoaoueny a
oacao aoia e iaaeaoue a oacao e?ecena, a caoai niiaa aic?anoaoue a
iineaaeothueo oacao auoiaea ec e?ecena.
Iiauoaiea i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea i?e i?i/eo ?aaiuo oneiaeyo
i?eaiaeeo e nieaeaieth oeai. Iaeiaei aiciiaeiu neo/ae, eiaaea iiauoaiea
i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea i?eaiaeeo e iiauoaieth ca?aaioiie ieaou. A
yoii neo/aa iiauoaiea ca?aaioiie ieaou a eaeie-oi io?anee
nii?iaiaeaeaaony iiauoaieai iauaai o?iaiy oeai.
Noeoeeiua aaaenoaey iaeuecy n/eoaoue i?e/eiie eioeyoeee. Iai?eia?, a
?acoeueoaoa noeoeeiiai aaaenoaey ia eaeie-oi oa??eoi?ee ?ac?ooaiu
aeiia. I/aaeaeii, /oi aic?anoaao ni?in ia no?ieiaoa?eaeu, oneoae
no?ieoaeae, o?ainii?o e o.ae. Aieueoie ni?in ia oneoae e i?iiuoeaiioth
i?iaeoeoeeth aoaeao noeioee?iaaoue i?iecaiaeeoaeae e oaaee/aieth iauaiia
i?iecaiaenoaa e ii ia?a ianuuaiey ?uiea oeaiu aoaeoo iioneaoueny.
Eoae, e aaaeiaeoei eioeyoeeiiiui i?e/eiai ?inoa oeai iiaeii ioianoe
neaaeothuea:
1. Aeeni?iii?oeeiiaeueiinoue – ianaaeaine?iaaiiinoue ainoaea?- noaaiiuo
?anoiaeia e aeioiaeia, oae iacuaaaiue aeaoeoeeo ainoaea?noaaiiiai
athaeaeaoa. *anoi yoio aeaoeoeeo iie?uaaaony ca n/ao eniieueciaaiey
“ia/aoiiai noaiea”, /oi i?eaiaeeo e oaaee/aieth aeaiaaeiie iannu e, eae
neaaenoaea, e eioeyoeee.
2. Eioeyoeeiiii iianiua eiaanoeoeee – i?aeiouanoaaiii ieeeoa?ecaoeey
yeiiiieee. Aiaiiua anneaiiaaiey aaaeoo e nicaeaieth aeiiieieoaeueiiai
ieaoaaeaniiniaiiai ni?ina e, neaaeiaaoaeueii, e oaaee/aieth aeaiaaeiie
iannu. *?acia?iua aiaiiua anneaiiaaiey iau/ii yaeythony aeaaiie i?e/eiie
o?iie/aneiai aeaoeoeeoa ainoaea?noaaiiiai athaeaeaoa, a oaeaea
oaaee/aiey ainoaea?noaaiiiai aeieaa, aeey iie?uoey eioi?iai auioneathony
aeiiieieoaeueiua aoiaaeiua aeaiueae.
3. Ionoonoaea /enoiai naiaiaeiiai ?uiea e niaa?oaiiie eiieo?aioeee eae
aai /anoe. Nia?aiaiiue ?uiie a cia/eoaeueiie noaiaie ieeaiiieenoe/ai.
Ieeaiiieeno, no?aiynue iiaeaea?aeaoue aunieee o?iaaiue oeai,
caeioa?aniaai a nicaeaiee aeaoeoeeoa (nie?auaiee i?iecaiaenoaa e
i?aaeeiaeaiey oiaa?ia).
4. “Eiii?oe?oaiay” eioeyoeey, ?ieue eioi?ie aic?anoaao n ?inoii
ioe?uoinoe yeiiiieee e aiaea/aiey aa a ie?ioicyenoaaiiua nayce oie eee
eiie no?aiu. Aiciiaeiinoe aeey ai?ueau o ainoaea?noaa aeiaieueii
ia?aie/aiu. Iaoiae ?aaaeueaaoeee nianoaaiiie aaethou, eiiaaea
i?eiaiyaiue a oaeeo neo/ayo, aeaeaao eiii?o aieaa aeaoaaui. Ii
?aaaeueaaoeey aeaeaao e aieaa aei?iaei yenii?o ioa/anoaaiiuo oiaa?ia.
5. Eioeyoeeiiiua iaeeaeaiey – aicieeiiaaiey o eioeyoeee
naiiiiaeaea?aeeaathuaainy oa?aeoa?a. Ianaeaiea e oicyenoaaiiua noauaeou
i?eaueatho e iinoiyiiiio iiauoaieth o?iaiy oeai. Ianaeaiea o?aaoao
iiauoaiey ca?aaioiie ieaou e caianaaony oiaa?aie ai?ie, iaeeaeay eo
nei?ia iiaei?iaeaiea. I?iecaiaeeoaee aea iianathony iiauoaiey oeai ni
noi?iiu naieo iinoaaueeia, iaeiia?aiaiii caeeaaeuaay a oeaio naieo
oiaa?ia i?iaiice?oaiue eie ?ino oeai ia eiiieaeoothuea, ?anea/eaay oai
naiui iaoiaee eioeyoeee. AEeaie i?eia? oaeeo eioeyoeeiiiuo iaeeaeaiee iu
iiaeai iaaethaeaoue a naiae iianaaeiaaiie aeecie.
A oai?eyo, ?ac?aaaouaaaiuo caiaaeiuie yeiiiienoaie, auaeaeythony a
ea/anoaa aeueoa?iaoeaiuo eiioeaioeee eioeyoeee ni?ina e eioeyoeee
ecaea?aeae. Yoe eiioeaioeee ?anniao?eaatho ?acee/iua i?e/eiu eioeyoeee.
Eioeyoeey ni?ina – ia?ooaiea ?aaiiaaney iaaeaeo ni?inii e i?aaeeiaeaieai
ni noi?iiu ni?ina. Iniiaiuie i?e/eiaie caeanue iiaoo auoue oaaee/aiea
ainoaea?noaaiiuo caeacia (iai?eia?, aiaiiuo), oaaee/aiea ni?ina ia
n?aaenoaa i?iecaiaenoaa a oneiaeyo iieiie caiyoinoe e ii/oe iieiie
caa?ocee i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo iiuiinoae, a oaeaea ?ino iieoiaoaeueiie
niiniaiinoe o?oaeyueony (?ino ca?aaioiie ieaou), a ?acoeueoaoa,
iai?eia?, niaeaniaaiiuo aeaenoaee i?ionithcia. Aneaaenoaea yoiai
aicieeaao ecauoie aeaiaa ii ioiioaieth e eiee/anoao oiaa?ia e oeaiu
ia/eiatho ?anoe.
Eioeyoeey ecaea?aeae – ?ino oeai aneaaenoaea oaaee/aiey ecaea?aeae
i?iecaiaenoaa. I?e/eiaie oaaee/aiey ecaea?aeae iiaoo auoue
iaiiieenoe/aneay iieeoeea oeaiiia?aciaaiey, yeiiiie/aneay e oeiainiaay
iieeoeea ainoaea?noaa, ?ino oeai ia nu?uea, aeaenoaey i?ionithcia,
o?aaothueo iiauoaiey ca?aaioiie ieaou.
Ia i?aeoeea iaeaaei ioee/eoue iaeei oei eioeyoeee io ae?oaiai, ana iie
oanii naycaiu e iinoiyiii acaeiiaeaenoaotho. Iai?eia?, ?ino ca?ieaou
iiaeao auaeyaeaoue e eae eioeyoeey ni?ina, e eae eioeyoeey ecaea?aeae.
Iaiaoiaeeii oaeaea ioiaoeoue, /oi ie a iaeiie yeiiiie/anee
?acaeoie no?aia ia iaaethaeaeinue ai aoi?ie iieiaeia OO aaea iieiay
caiyoinoue, naiaiaeiue ?uiie eee aea noaaeeueiinoue oeai. Oeaiu ii ?yaeo
i?e/ei a yoi a?aiy ?inee iinoiyiii e aeaaea a ia?eiaeu canoiy
i?iecaiaenoaa. Oaeia yaeaiea iacuaaaony noaaoeyoeeae – eioeyoeeiiiui
?inoii oeai a oneiaeyo canoiy i?iecaiaenoaa, yeiiiie/aneiai e?ecena.
3. Aeaeu eioeyoeee.
?aiaa eioeyoeey aicieeaea, eae i?aaeei, a /?acau/aeiuo
ianoiyoaeuenoaao. Oae, ai a?aiy aiei ainoaea?noaa /anoi auioneaee
aieueoea eiee/anoaa iaiaania/aiiuo oiaa?ii aoiaaeiuo aeaiaa aeey
iie?uoey aiaiiuo ?anoiaeia. A iineaaeiea aeaaaeoeaoue – o?eaeoeaoue eao
eioeyoeey noaea o?iie/aneei caaieaaaieai yeiiiiee iiiaeo no?ai ie?a.
Eioeyoeey iiaeao i?ioaeaoue oia?aiii, auoue iieco/ae, a oneiaeyo eioi?ie
oeaiu aic?anoatho ia aieaa /ai ia 10 % a aiae. Iiiaea nia?aiaiiua
yeiiiienou, a oii /enea iineaaeiaaoaee yeiiiie/aneiai o/aiey Eaeina,
n/eoatho oaeoth eioeyoeeth iaiaoiaeeiie aeey yooaeoeaiiai yeiiiie/aneiai
?acaeoey. Oaeay eioeyoeey iicaieyao yooaeoeaii ei??aeoe?iaaoue oeaiu
i?eiaieoaeueii e eciaiythueiny oneiaeyi i?iecaiaenoaa e ni?ina.
Aaeiie?othuay eioeyoeey, i?e eioi?ie oa?aeoa?ai ?ino oeai io 20% aei
200% a aiae, yaeyaony oaea na?ueaciui iai?yaeaieai aeey yeiiiieee, oioy
?ino oeai aua ia neiaeii i?aaeneacaoue e aeeth/eoue a ia?aiao?u naeaeie
e eiio?aeoia.
Iaeaieaa aoaeoaeueia aeey yeiiiieee aeia?eioeyoeey, i?aaenoaaeythuay
niaie ano?iiiie/aneee ?ino eiee/anoaa aeaiaa a ia?auaiee e eae
neaaenoaea eaoano?ioe/aneee ?ino oiaa?iuo oeai. ?ieue naieo aeaiaa a
oaeeo neo/ayo neeueii oiaiueoaaony, e ianaeaiea, aea e i?iiuoeaiiua
i?aaei?eyoey i?aeiouanoaaiii ia?aoiaeyo ia ae?oaea, ai?acaei iaiaa
yooaeoeaiua oi?iu ?an/aoa – ,iai?eia?, aa?oa?. A ioaeaeueiuo neo/ayo
iiyaeythony ia?aeeaeueiua aaethou, neeueii aic?anoaao ?ieue eiino?aiiuo
aaetho. Aeia?eioeyoeey iaiineo neeueiaeoee oua?a ianaeaieth, aeaaea
iaeaieaa ninoiyoaeueiui neiyi iauanoaa. ?ac?ooaaony iaoeeiiaeueiia
oicyenoai. Aieueoeinoai yeiiiie/aneie eeoa?aoo?u i?eaiaeeo a ea/anoaa
i?eia?ia Ieea?aaoa ia?eiaea a?aaeaeaineie aieiu (33000% –
n?aaeiaaiaeiaie i?e?ino oeai) eee aea iineaaiaiioth Aaia?eth, iaeiaei
iiaaeoee i?eia? n Na?aeae iieacae, /oi yoi aua aeaeaei ia i?aaeae. A
?acoeueoaoa yeiiiie/aneiai yiaa?ai Ie?iaiai Niiauanoaa i?ioea yoie
auaoae nithciie ?anioaeeee THaineaaee aiaeiaie ?ino oeai ninoaaeyao
3,000,000,000%. Aneaaenoaea oo?aou o oicyenoaaiiuo noauaeoia aeiaa?ey e
iaoeeiiaeueiie aaethoa iai?io aeaiaa /?acau/aeii oaaee/eaaaony, /oi a
aeaiiii neo/aa ?aaiineeueii oaaee/aieth eo eiee/anoaa. Niioaaonoaaiii
oeaia oaaee/eaaaony ai?acaei aieueoa, /ai eiee/anoai iaee/iuo aeaiaa a
iai?ioa. A ?ane?o/eaaiee nie?aee aeia?eioeyoeee /?acau/aeioth ?ieue
oaeaea ea?atho eioeyoeeiiiua iaeeaeaiey.
Ana yoe aeaeu eioeyoeee nouanoaotho oieueei i?e ioe?uoii aa ninoiyiee ,
oi anoue i?e ioiineoaeueii naiaiaeiii ?uiea. I?e iiaeaaeaiiie aea
eioeyoeee ?ino oeai ia oiaa?u e oneoae iiaeao e ia iaaethaeaaony, a
iaanoeaieaaiea aeaiaa iiaeao au?aaeaoueny a aeaoeoeeoa i?aaeeiaeaiey.
A 50-60 aiaeu eioeyoeey i?ioaeaea a aieueoeinoaa no?ai oia?aiiuie
oaiiaie. A nayce n iaooyiui e?ecenii ia/aea 70o aiaeia eioeyoeey noaea
auoiaeeoue ec-iiae eiio?iey ainoaea?noaa, aeaci?aaiecoy ii?iaeueiue
yeiiiie/aneee i?ioeann. N?aaeiaaiaeiaie o?iaaiue i?e?inoa ?icie/iuo oeai
ca a?aiy n 73 ii 80 aa. iiaenei/ee a n?aaeiai ia 9%.
· Oaaeeoea 1 – N?aaeiaaiaeiaua iieacaoaee oaiia ?inoa ?icie/iuo oeai a
iaeioi?uo no?aiao n ?acaeoie ?uii/iie yeiiiieeie.
1966-1974 1975-1980 1980-1987
NOA 1.7% 5.1% 9.3%
Aiaeey 3.1% 7.1% 15.8%
Eoaeey 3.4% 6.0% 17.9%
O?aioeey 5.0% 5.9% 10.9%
A eiioea 80o aiaeia oaiiu ?inoa oeai iiieceeenue aei (a n?aaeiai) 4% a
aiae, /oi niioaaonoaoao iiaeaee oia?aiiie eioeyoeee. Yoiio iiaeii
i?eaanoe ianeieueei i?e/ei: iaaeaiea ie?iauo oeai ia iaooue, oneeaiea
eiieo?aioeee, i?aaeaea anaai a ie?iaii ianooaaa, iiauoaiea
i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea aianoa n niaeaniaaiiuie aeaenoaeyie
i?aaeoaeuenoa e i?ionithcia ii oaea?aeaieth o?iaiae ca?aaioiie ieaou ia
i?aaeiai o?iaia.
Oaeaea ?acaeaeytho aeaa oeia eioeyoeee – naaeaine?iaaiioth e
ianaaeaine?iaaiioth. I?e naaeaine?iaaiiie eioeyoeee oeaiu iiaeieiathony
ioiineoaeueii oia?aiii e iaeiia?aiaiii ia aieueoeinoai oiaa?ia e oneoa.
A yoii neo/aa ii ?acoeueoaoai n?aaeiaaiaeiaiai ?inoa oeai iiaeieiaaony
i?ioeaioiay noaaea Ainoaea?noaaiiiai aaiea e oaeei ia?acii neooaoeey
noaiiaeony ?aaiineeueiie neooaoeee ni noaaeeueiuie oeaiaie.
A neo/aa aea ianaaeaine?iaaiiie eioeyoeee oeaiu ia ?acee/iua oiaa?u e
oneoae iiauoathony ?aciia?aiaiii e ii-?aciiio ia eaaeaeue oei oiaa?a.
Nouanoaotho e ae?oaea aeaeu eeanneoeeaoeee eioeyoeee, iai?eia?, ia
iaeeaeaaioth e iaiaeeaeaaioth.
Iaeeaeaaioth eioeyoeeth iiaeii ni?iaiice?iaaoue ia eaeie-eeai ia?eiae
a?aiaie, e iia ca/anooth yaeyaony i?yiui ?acoeueoaoii aeaenoaee
i?aaeoaeuenoaa. A ea/anoaa i?eia?a iiaeii i?eaanoe eeaa?aeecaoeeth oeai
a ?innee 92ai aiaea, e niioaaonoaothuee i?iaiic ?inoa oeai,
iiaeaioiaeaiiue i?aaeoaeuenoaii ?O iaeaioia – a aeaeaa?a 91ai aiaea.
Iaiaeeaeaaiay eioeyoeey oa?aeoa?ecoaony aiacaiiui nea/eii oeai, /oi
iaaaoeaii neacuaaaony ia nenoaia iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey e aeaiaaeiiai
ia?auaiey. A neo/aa iaee/ey o ianaeaiey eioeyoeeiiiuo iaeeaeaiee oaeay
neooaoeey auciaao ?aceia oaaee/aiea ni?ina, /oi naii ii naaa nicaeaao
o?oaeiinoe a yeiiiieea e eneaaeaao ?aaeueioth ea?oeio iauanoaaiiiai
ni?ina, /oi aaaeao e naith a i?iaiice?iaaieth oaiaeaioeee a yeiiiieea e
i?e iaeioi?ie ia?aoeoaeueiinoe i?aaeoaeuenoaa aua neeueiaa oaaee/eaaao
eioeyoeeiiiua iaeeaeaiey, eioi?ua aoaeoo iiaenoaaeaaoue ?ino oeai.
Iaeiaei a neo/aa, eiaaea aiacaiiue nea/ie oeai i?ienoiaeeo a yeiiiieea
ia ca?aaeaiiie eioeyoeeiiiuie iaeeaeaieyie, oi aicieeaao oae iacuaaaiue
“yooaeo Ieao” , ?aceia iaaeaiea ni?ina o ianaeaiey a iaaeaaeaea ia
nei?ia nieaeaiea oeai. Aneaaenoaea nieaeaiey ni?ina i?iecaiaeeoaeue
noaiiaeony auioaeaeai nieaeaoue oeaio, e ana aica?auaaony a ninoiyiea
?aaiiaaney.
4. Yeiiiie/aneea e nioeeaeueiua
iineaaenoaey eioeyoeee.
Yoe iineaaenoaey neiaeiu e ?aciiia?aciu. Iaaieueoea oaiiu eioeyoeee
niaeaenoaotho a?aiaiiiio iaeeaeaieth eiiuthieoo?u iin?aaenoaii ?inoa
oeai e ii?iu i?eauee. Ii ia?a oaaee/aiey oaiiia eioeyoeee, iia
i?aa?auaaony a ?aaeueiia i?aiyonoaea aeey i?iecaiaenoaa e iaino?yao
yeiiiie/aneoth e nioeeaeueioth iai?yaeaiiinoue a iauanoaa. Aaeiie?othuay
eioeyoeey aeaci?aaiecoao i?iecaiaenoai, iaiineo na?ueaciue yeiiiie/aneee
oua?a, cao?oaeiyao i?iaaaeaiea yeiiiie/aneie iieeoeee. Oaeaea
ia?aaiiia?iue ?ino oeai oneeeaaao aeeni?iii?oeee iaaeaeo io?aneyie
yeiiiieee, eneaaeaao nenoaio iio?aaeoaeueneiai ni?ina e iaino?yao
i?iaeaio ?aaeecaoeee oiaa?ia ia aioo?aiiai ?uiea. Aaeiie?othuay
eioeyoeey aeoeaece?oao aaanoai io aeaiaa e oiaa?ai, iaino?yao oiaa?iue
aeaoeoeeo, iiae?uaaao noeioeu e aeaiaaeiiio iaeiieaieth. Naa?aaeaiey
ianaeaiey iaanoeaieaathony, iioa?e ianoo aaiee e ae?oaea e?aaeeoothuea
o/?aaeaeaiey. Eioeyoeey yaeyaony eae au naa?oiaeiaii ia ianaeaiea, a eae
neaaenoaea – ionoaaaiea aeioiaeia ianaeaiey io aani?a?uaii ?anooueo
oeai.
5. E?eaay Oeeeeina.
Eioeyoeey ieacuaaao neeueiia aicaeaenoaea ia caiyoinoue. A 1958 aiaeo
aiaeeeneee yeiiiieno A. Oeeeein i?aaeeiaeee a?aoe/aneoth iiaeaeue
eioeyoeee ni?ina, au?aaeathuoth oaeia aicaeaenoaea. Eniieuecoy a naiae
?aaioa aeaiiua aiaeeeneie noaoenoeee ca 1861-1956aa., ii iino?iee
e?eaoth, iaaeyaeii iieacuaathuoth ia?aoioth caaeneiinoue iaaeaeo
eciaiaieai noaaie ca?aaioiie ieaou e o?iaiai aac?aaioeoeu. Ii e?eaie A.
Oeeeein onoaiiaee, /oi oaaee/aiea aac?aaioeoeu a Aiaeee naa?o 2.5-3%
i?eaiaeeei e ?aceiio caiaaeeaieth ?inoa oeai e ca?aaioiie ieaou. Oeeeein
naeaeae auaiae, /oi i?aaeoaeuenoai iiaeao eniieueciaaoue oaaee/aiea
eioeyoeee aeey ai?ueau n aac?aaioeoeae. Iicaeiaa yoio auaiae
oai?aoe/anee a?aoiaioe?iaae yeiiiieno ?. Eeine.
Oaeaea auea nicaeaia iiaeeoeeaoeey e?eaie Oeeeeina aeey ?ac?aaioie
yeiiiie/aneie iieeoeee. Yoo ?aaioo i?iaeaeaee aia?eeaineea yeiiiienou ?.
Nieio e ,ecaanoiue aieueoeinoao nooaeaioia ii iaeiiio ec o/aaieeia, I.
Naioyeuenii. Iie caiaieee a yoie e?eaie noaaee ca?aaioiie ieaou ia oaii
?inoa oiaa?iuo oeai eee eioeyoeeth. I?e iiiiue yoie e?eaie noaei
aiciiaeiui ?ann/eouaaoue ?aaiiaanea iaaeaeo aeinoaoi/ii aunieeie
o?iaiyie caiyoinoe e i?iecaiaenoaa e ii?aaeaeaiiie noaaeeueiinoueth
oeai.
Ia ine aaoeenn (?en. 1) iieacai o?iaaiue aac?aaioeoeu, ia ine i?aeeiao –
oaiiu ?inoa oiaa?iuo oeai. E?eaay io?aaeaao ni/aoaiea yoeo ia?aiao?ia.
Anee i?aaeoaeuenoai ?anniao?eaaao o?iaaiue aac?aaioeoeu u1 (aio
niioaaonoaoao oaii ?inoa oeai P1) a no?aia eae /?acau/aeii aunieee, oi
aeey aai iiieaeaiey i?iaiaeyony athaeaeaoiua e aeaiaaeii-e?aaeeoiua
ia?ii?eyoey noeioee?othuea ni?in. Yoi i?eaiaeeo e ?anoe?aieth
i?iecaiaenoaa e nicaeaieth iiauo ?aai/eo iano. Ii?ia aac?aaioeoeu
nieaeaaony aei o?iaiy u2, ii iaeiia?aiaiii oaiiu eioeyoeee aic?anoatho
aei P2. Oaeea iaieioeyoeee iiaoo aucaaoue “ia?aa?aa” yeiiiieee e eae
neaaenoaea e?eceniua yaeaiey. Oaeay neooaoeey auioaeaeaao i?aaeoaeuenoai
aaanoe e?aaeeoiua ia?aie/aiey, nie?aoeoue ?anoiaeu ec ainoaea?noaaiiiai
athaeaeaoa e o.ae. A ?acoeueoaoa yoeo aica?aoiuo aeaenoaee
i?aaeoaeuenoaa o?iaaiue oeai nieceony aei o?iaiy P3, a aac?aaioeoea
aic?anoao e aa ii?ia ninoaaeo u3.
Iaiaeiie?aoiay i?aeoeea yeiiiie/aneiai ?aaoee?iaaiey iieacaea, /oi yoio
iaoiae iiaeao auoue i?eiaiai oieueei ia ei?ioeea ia?eiaeu, iineieueeo a
aeieain?i/iii ieaia (5-10 eao), ianiio?y ia aunieee o?iaaiue
aac?aaioeoeu, eioeyoeey i?iaeieaeaao ia?anoaoue, /oi iauyniyaony oeaeui
?yaeii ianoiyoaeuenoa. N?aaee yoeo ianoiyoaeuenoa iaiaoiaeeii
auaeaeeoue iieeoeeo niaieoiiiai ni?ina. No?aieaiea i?aaeoaeuenoaa oeaiie
eioeyoeee “eoieoue” aieaa ieceee o?iaaiue aac?aaioeoeu oniaoiu oieueei
oiaaea, eiaaea o oicyenoaothueo aaaioia oaeaaony nicaeaoue oae
iacuaaaiua “eiaeiua iaeeaeaiey”, a iii?inoo – iaiaiooue. Oae,
?aaioathuea ii iaeio, iaaethaeay ?ino noaaie iiieiaeueiie ca?aaioiie
ieaou, oaaee/eaatho i?aaeeiaeaiea o?oaea. E oiaaea, eae e
i?aaeiieaaaeinue a eiioeaioeee Oeeeeina, ?ino eioeyoeee iiaeao
oiaiueoeoue aac?aaioeoeo. Iaeiaei ni a?aiaiai ?aaioieee ?aniiciatho, /oi
ia ana aic?anoathuoth ca?aaioioth ieaoo iiaeii i?eia?anoe ana iaiueoa
oiaa?ia e oneoa. Eeethceyi i?eoiaeeo eiiaoe: ?aaioathuea ii iaeio ia
iaia?aaathony aieaa oaaee/eaaoue i?aaeeiaeaiea aneaae ca oaaee/aieai
ca?aaioiie ieaou. Iniaia aieiaiea ia yoe acaeiinayce ia?aoee aua a 60a
aa. aia?eeaineee yeiiiieno I. O?eaeiai, eioi?ue iiae/a?eeaae
iayooaeoeaiinoue ai?ueau n aac?aaioeoeae iooai “iaea/eaaiey” niaieoiiiai
ni?ina eioeyoeeiiiuie ia?ii?eyoeyie. Aaaeue a iiiaio, eiaaea ianaeaiea
i?aiaeieaaaao naie eiaeiua iaeeaeaiey, o?acai ioeaieaaao, /oi iiauoaiea
iiieiaeueiuo noaaie ia aaeaeaaoii iiauoaieth iieoiaoaeueiie niiniaiinoe
eo ca?aaioiie ieaou, oiaaea eioeyoeey aoaeao nii?iaiaeaeaoueny ia ?inoii
i?aaeeiaeaiey o?oaea, a, iaiai?io, aai nie?auaieai, o.a. ?anoouae
aac?aaioeoeae.
Onoaiiaeaii, /oi e?eaay Oeeeeina iiaeao auoue eniieueciaaia aeey ai?ueau
n aac?aaioeoeae eeoue a oneiaeyo oia?aiiie eioeyoeee n iinoiyiiui
oaiiii. I?e iaiaeeaeaiiuo yeiiiie/aneeo iio?ynaieyo oaii eioeyoeee
aic?anoaao oaeaea iaiaeeaeaiii e iiaeao nii?iaiaeaeaoueny ?aceei ?inoii
aac?aaioeoeu. Eiuie neiaaie, niioiioaiea, onoaiiaeaiiia e?eaie Oeeeeina
ia aeaenoaeoaeueii aeey aeeeoaeueiuo ia?eiaeia a?aiaie. Ia?aeeaaiea
aac?aaioeoeu a eioeyoeeth ii yoiio iaoiaeo iianii aeey yeiiiieee ec-ca
iai?aaeneacoaiuo iineaaenoaee. Aneaaenoaea yoie iaaaoeaiie /a?ou
i?aaeoaeuenoaa aieueoeinoaa caiaaeiuo no?ai, a oii /enea NOA e Aiaeee,
ia?aoee e oai?ee anoanoaaiiiai o?iaiy aac?aaioeoeu, eioi?ay
eniieuecoaony ii nae aeaiue.
Nooue yoie oai?ee ninoieo a oii, /oi a aeieain?i/iii ieaia i?eaieaiue
o?iaaiue eioeyoeee aiciiaeai oieueei i?e anoanoaaiiii o?iaia
aac?aaioeoeu. Anoanoaaiiue o?iaaiue aac?aaioeoeu aeieaeai ii?aaeaeyoueny
no?oeoo?ie ?uiea ?aai/ae neeu n o/aoii eioi?iaoeee i iio?aaiinoyo a
?acee/iuo io?aneyo. Iaiaoiaeeii caiaoeoue, /oi e yoa iieeoeea
iaania/aiey anoanoaaiiiai o?iaiy aac?aaioeoeu e nieaeaiea o?iaiy
eioeyoeee aei oia?aiiuo e noaaeeueiuo ia anaaaea aeinoeaaao naieo
oeaeae. I?e anao iieiaeeoaeueiuo oaeoi?ao yoiai iaoiaea o iaai
nouanoaoao aeiaieueii aaaeiue iaaeinoaoie: i?e aeinoeaeaiee
anoanoaaiiiai o?iaiy aac?aaioeoeu eioeyoeey i?iaeieaeaao iaeioi?ia a?aiy
eae au ii eia?oeee oneeeaaoueny: aa oaiiu ia iiaoo auno?i nie?aoeoueny.
Oaeaea iaiaoiaeeii caiaoeoue, /oi anoanoaaiiue o?iaaiue aac?aaioeoeu ia
anaaaea yaeyaony nioeeaeueii i?eaieaiui.
6. Aioeeioeyoeeiiiay iieeoeea.
Iiuo ai?ueau n eioeyoeeae a ?innee iieacuaaao, /oi aieueoay /anoue
ia?ii?eyoee iniiauaaaiuo ia “eieaeiuo” i?eia?ao, iaeiyooaeoeaia, oiaaea
eae oniao a ai?ueaa n yoei yaeaieai aiciiaeai oieueei eeoue i?e o/aoa
oiieeo iniaaiiinoae neooaoeee. Oae, e i?eia?o, naeaoea aeaiaaeiie iannu
a ?aciuo no?aiao i?eaiaeeo e aeeaiao?aeueii i?ioeaiiieiaeiui
?acoeueoaoai. A iaeieo no?aiao oiaiueoaiea iaee/iuo aeaiaa a iai?ioa
nieaeaao eioeyoeeth, a ae?oaeo – iiauoaao. Oiieinoue ai?ueau n
eioeyoeeae caeeth/aaony eiaiii a oii, /oiau i?aaeeueii oeiaeoue e
eniieueciaaoue eiaiii oa iaoneiaeaiiua ianoii e a?aiaiai yaeaiey.
Iaoiaeu ai?ueau n eioeyoeeae iiaoo auoue i?yiua e einaaiiua. *aua anaai
i?iyaeyaony neaaeothuay caeiiiia?iinoue: /ai e?eceniaa neooaoeey, oai
ianouiaa i?yiua iaoiaeu aicaeaenoaey i?aaeoaeuenoaa e oeaio?aeueiiai
aaiea ia yeiiiieeo e aeaiaaeioth ianno, eae aa ninoaaeythuoth.
Einaaiiua iaoiaeu aeeth/atho:
?aaoee?iaaiea iauae iannu aeaiaa /a?ac oi?aaeaiea “ia/aoiui noaieii”.
?aaoee?iaaiea i?ioeaioiuo noaaie eiiia?/aneeo aaieia /a?ac oi?aaeaiea
eie Oeaio?iaaieii.
iaycaoaeueiua aeaiaaeiua ?aca?au eiiia?/aneeo aaieia.
iia?aoeee oeaio?aeueiiai aaiea ia ioe?uoii ?uiea oeaiiuo aoiaa.
Einaaiiua iaoiaeu ia iiaoo ?aaioaoue a iaoae yeiiiieea ia iieioth
iiuiinoue ii i?e/eia aa iaaeinoaoi/iie “?uii/iinoe”. Iieiioeaiiue ?uiie
oeaiiuo aoiaa, a oii /enea ?uiie ainoaea?noaaiiuo iaycaoaeuenoa o ian
ionoonoaoao, a, niioaaonoaaiii, Oeaio?aeueiue aaie ia iiaeao
aicaeaenoaiaaoue ia aeaiaaeioth ianno /a?ac eoieth-i?iaeaaeo oeaiiuo
aoiaa.
I?yiia ?aaoee?iaaiea iieoiaoaeueiie niiniaiinoe aeaiaaeiie aaeeieoeu
aeeth/aao a naay oaeea iaoiaeu, eae:
i?yiia e iaiin?aaenoaaiiia ?aaoee?iaaiea e?aaeeoia e eo ?ani?aaeaeaiey
ainoaea?noaii.
ainoaea?noaaiiia ?aaoee?iaaiea oeai.
ainoaea?noaaiiia ?aaoee?iaaiea i?aaeaeia ca?aaioiie ieaou.
ainoaea?noaaiiia ?aaoee?iaaiea aiaoiae oi?aiaee e iia?aoeee n
eiino?aiiui eaieoaeii.
ainoaea?noaaiiia ?aaoee?iaaiea aaethoiiai eo?na.
I?aeoeea i?yiiai ?aaoee?iaaiey aeaiaaeiie iannu oe?iei ?ani?ino?aiaia
ia caiaaea. NOA a 60o – 70o aiaeao iaiaeiie?aoii caii?aaeeaaee oeaiu ia
iiiaea oiaa?u. Iieoi?a aeanyoeeaoey iinea Aoi?ie ie?iaie aieiu
iiiaaeiaeeinue no?aiai Caiaaeiie Aa?iiu aeey ia/aea eeaa?aeecaoeee oeai,
aea e oi iaiieiie. O?aioeey iieiinoueth eeaa?aeeciaaea oeaiu ia
aioo?aiiai ?uiea eeoue a 1986 aiaeo. O. ?ocaaeueo auaiaeee NOA ec
aeoai/aeoaai e?ecena 30o iooai aeanoi/aeoaai ainoaea?noaaiiiai
?aaoee?iaaiey yeiiiieee. A aieueoeinoaa no?ai nouanoaiaaee niaoeeaeueiua
caeiiu, ia?aie/eaathuea aeioiaeu io oi?aiaiai iin?aaeie/anoaa.
I?aeoe/aneay /anoue.
Eioeyoeey a ?innee.
I?e/eiu e iniaaiiinoe.
Niaoeeoeea ?inneeneie eioeyoeee a oii, /oi iia naieie ei?iyie ooiaeeo a
nouanoaothuoth ?aiaa oeaio?aeeciaaiioth nenoaio oicyenoaiaaiey. Ioooaea
i?ienoaeatho aeaa oaeoi?a: oaoiieiae/aneay ionoaeinoue e iiiiiieeci.
Eioeyoeey a ?innee eiaao iiiaoa?iua e iaiiiaoa?iua i?e/eiu.
Iaiiiaoa?iua i?e/eiu:
Aeeni?iii?oeee a yeiiiieea, iaoneiaeaiiua aeieaei ?acaeoeai aa iiae
aeeyieai eiiaiaeii-aaeieieno?aoeaiie nenoaiu.
*?acia?iia ?acaeoea AIE (Aiaiii-i?iiuoeaiiiai eiiieaena).
Iaeue yenii?oiue naeoi? i?e neeueiie eiii?oiie caaeneiinoe.
?aniaae oicyenoaaiiuo naycae a ?acoeueoaoa ?acaaea NNN?.
Niaae iauaia aioo?aiiaai aaeiaiai i?iaeoeoa (AAI).
Eioeyoeeiiiua iaeeaeaiey ianaeaiey.
Iaeiaei iaiiiaoa?iua eiioeaioeee eioeyoeee ia a neeao iauynieoue
oaeoe/aneoth aeeiaieeo eioeyoeee a ?innee.
Iiiaoa?iay i?e?iaea ?inneeneie eioeyoeee:
1. Aeaoeoeeo ainathaeaeaoa.
2. Ia oaiiu eioeyoeee aeeyao iauai aeaiaaeiie iannu.
Oaaee/aiea aeoeaia OeA ai anao neo/ayo i?eaiaeeo e aic?anoaieth
aeaiaaeiie iannu, /oi icia/aao iiauoaiea ieaoaaeaniiniaiiai ni?ina. A
?acoeueoaoa yoiai aic?anoaao o?iaaiue oeai ia oiaa?u.(Nie?auaiea iauaiia
e?aaeeoiie yiennee niinianoaoao nieaeaieth oaiiia eioeyoeee.)
3. Nei?inoue ia?auaiey aeaiaa.
Iia oaaee/eaaaony, eiaaea i?ienoiaeeo aaanoai ianaeaiey io
iaoeeiiaeueiie aaethou, /oi iauyniyaony ieceei aeiaa?eai e ?oaeth e
eioeyoeeiiiuie iaeeaeaieyie ianaeaiey.
4. Iniaaiiinoue ?inneeneie eioeyoeee – a?aiaiiie eaa iaaeaeo
i?iaaaeaieai e?aaeeoiie yiennee e oaaee/aieai iauaiia aeaiaaeiie
iannu a ia?auaiee, n iaeiie noi?iiu, e onei?aieai ?inoa oeai – n
ae?oaie. N ia/aea 1992 aiaea aei aaniu 1995 aiaea aai aaee/eia
aic?inea i?eia?ii n 4 aei 8 ianyoeaa.
Ia aaee/eio eaaa aeeytho o?iaaiue ?acaeoinoe oeiainiaie nenoaiu,
ninoiyiea ieaoaaeiie nenoaiu, /anoioa auieaou aeioiaeia, o?iaaiue
aeieea?ecaoeee yeiiiieee.
A 1992a. oeiainiaay nenoaia ?innee nouanoaiaaea a ca/aoi/iii aeaea.
Iiyoiio onei?aiea ?inoa oeai i?iecioei anaai a oa/aiee o?ao ianyoeaa.
Oaea a 1995a. aicieeea ?acaeoay eio?ano?oeoo?a, aicieeee iiaua
?uiee. Yoi i?eaaei e oiio, /oi yieoe?iaaiiay aeaiaaeiay ianna oaia?ue
aeaeaeaony aei iio?aaeoaeueneiai ?uiea ai?acaei aeieueoa,
caaea?aeeaaynue ia ?acee/iuo “yoaaeao” oeiainiaie nenoaiu, e eaa
iaaeaeo oaiiaie i?e?inoa aeaiaaeiie iannu e oaiiaie eioeyoeee
nouanoaaiii oaaee/eeny.
Ec ?enoiea 2 aeaeii, /oi eioeyoeey a 1992-97aa. eaeao ia oaueue.
A yoii caneoaa aioeeioeyoeeiiiie iieeoeee.
2. Aioeeioeyoeeiiiay iieeoeea
a ?innee.
Aioeeioeyoeeiiiay iieeoeea a ?innee i?ioiaeeea a neaaeothueo
iai?aaeaieyo:
1. Nie?auaiea eioeyoeee ni?ina:
1. Iiaaoaiea eioeyoeeiiiuo iaeeaeaiee ianaeaiey, iiauoaiea
aeiaa?ey e ?oaeth.
Yoa ia?a auea iaiaoiaeeia, oae eae oaea a 1996 a.
eioeyoeey iaoneaaeeaaeanue:
45% – eioeyoeeiiiuie iaeeaeaieyie;
25% – iiauoaieai oeai ia oiieeai;
20% – oaaee/aieai niaieoiiie aeaiaaeiie iannu;
7% – oaei?iaeaieai n/o i?iaeoeoeee;
3% – i?i/ea oaeoi?u.
2. Ia?u ii noaaeeecaoeee aaethoiiai eo?na (o.i. “aaethoiue
ei?eaei?”). I?e yoii iiae “Aaethoiui ei?eaei?ii” iiieiaaony niinia
i?eioaeeoaeueiiai ia?aie/aiey eo?na aeieea?a n oeaeueth i?aiaeieaiey
eioeyoeee.
Iaeiaei caieaeaiiue eo?n iaecaaaeii i?eaiaeeo e oaaee/aieth eiii?oa,
nie?auaieth aioo?aiiaai i?iecaiaenoaa e yenii?oa, iiyaeyaony aunieay
iio?aaiinoue a aaethoa.
Iiieiaeueiue eo?n ?oaey ionoaaae a naiai iaaeaiee io oaiiia eioeyoeee. A
eoiaa ii oiae a aeanyoee ?ac, oiaaea eae oeaiu au?inee a ouny/e ?ac.
Ioeac io iie?uoey aeaoeoeeoa athaeaeaoa e?aaeeoiuie ?ano?naie OeA ?O
(ia?aoiae e ainoaea?noaaiiui caeinoaiaaieyi ia ?uiea oeaiiuo aoiaa).
Eiiiainaoeey ?anoe?aiey aeaiaaeiie iannu a ia?auaiee ca n/ao i?eoiea
aaethou yeiiiie/aneeo aaaioia a ?aca?au Aaiea ?innee.
Aaaaeaiea i?aaeoaeuenoaii i?yiuo ia?aie/aiee ia oaei?iaeaiea
i?iaeoeoeee.
Naea?aeeaaiea ?inoa ca?ieaou.
Ana yoe ia?u iai?aaeaiu ia naeaoea niaieoiiiai ni?ina.
2. Nieaeaiea eioeyoeee ecaea?aeae:
Iiauoaiea i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea.
A ia?aii iieoaiaeee 1996 aiaea oaiiu ?inoa oeai ia nu?uea auee ieaea
oaiiia ?inoa oeai ia aioiaoth i?iaeoeoeeth. Yoi iaoneiaeei nieaeaiea
oaiiia ?inoa naaanoieiinoe i?iiuoeaiiie i?iaeoeoeee, a cia/eo eioeyoeee
ecaea?aeae.
Ianiio?y ia iaoaea/o noaaeeecaoeeiiiuo iiiuoie, iauee o?iaaiue
eioeyoeee nouanoaaiii nieceeny – n yiaa?neiai (1992 a.) ieea a 245 % aei
8% a iaa 1995 a.
A iniiaa yoiai oniaoa eaaeao aeaenoaey ?inneeneeo ?aoi?iaoi?ia ii
iineaaeiaaoaeueiiio oiaiueoaieth oaiiia i?e?inoa aeaiaaeiie iannu,
nicaeaaaaiie e?aaeeoiie yienneae OeA. Auee nie?auaiu e?aaeeou
i?aaeoaeuenoao e eiiia?/aneei aaieai.
Naiui e?oiiui enoi/ieeii eioeyoeee yaeyaony aeaoeoeeo oaaea?aeueiiai
athaeaeaoa.
?aoathuei oaeoi?ii i?iaaea anao iiiuoie oeiainiaie noaaeeecaoeee
1992-95 aa. yaeeenue iieeoe/aneea i?e/eiu: ionoonoaea n?aaee
?oeiaiaeeoaeae aunoeo i?aaiia ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe iiieiaiea
iaiaoiaeeiinoe, a oaeaea aeaeaiey e aioiaiinoe i?iaiaeeoue aeanoeoth
aioeeioeyoeeiiioth iieeoeeo. Iiiuoee oeiainiaie noaaeeecaoeee
ioee/aeenue ionoonoaeai eiiieaeniiai oa?aeoa?a,
iaiineaaeiaaoaeueiinoueth e e?aoein?i/iinoueth, ia i?aaeoniao?eaaee
iieiiai naaeaine?iaaiey athaeaeaoa.
Ia?aay e?oiiay iiiuoea i?iaaaeaiey iae?iyeiiiie/aneie noaaeeecaoeee a
ia/aea 1992 a. aeaea neeueiue oie/ie ?inoo aac?aaioeoeu.
Oaaeeoea 2 – ?ino aac?aaioeoeu a aiaeece?oaiue ia?eiae.
A I Ae Aeiey aac?aaioiuo io yeiiiie/anee aeoeaiiai ianaeaiey
1992 0.4 %
1993 1.0 %
1994 2.2 %
1995 2.6 %
?aiueoa aeioiaeu ianaeaiey a 1992-95 aa. eiaee oaiaeaioeeth e ?inoo. Ii
a ia/aea 1995 a. i?iecioei ?aceia iaaeaiea ?aaeueiuo aeioiaeia.
I?iaeieaeaea oneeeaaoueny aeeooa?aioeeaoeey aeioiaeia ianaeaiey: aiaaoua
aiaaoaee, a aaaeiua neie iauanoaa ana neeueiaa ieuaee.
Iaeiaei ia niio?y ia i?aaei?eiyoua ia?u ia auee ono?aiaiu iniiaiua
i?e/eiu ?inneeneie eioeyoeee:
I?iaeieaeathueeny niaae i?iecaiaenoaa. Ca ia?aia iieoaiaeea 1996 aiaea
iauai auionea i?iaeoeoeee nieceeny ia 6% ii n?aaiaieth n ia?aui
iieoaiaeeai 1995 aiaea.
Oaaeeoea 3.
Io?anee Niaae i?iecaiaenoaa
Eaaeay i?iiuoeaiiinoue 24 %
*a?iay iaoaeeo?aey 3 %
Oeie/aneay i?iiuoeaiiinoue 13 %
Ieuaaay i?iiuoeaiiinoue 4 %
?ino iaieaoaaeae a athaeaeao.
Oaaeeoea 4.
Ia?eiae Iauay caaeieaeaiiinoue ii iaycaoaeuenoaai a ia?iaeiii oicyenoaa
Ai?aeue 1995 a. 298 o?eeeeiiia ?oaeae
Ai?aeue 1996 a. 719 o?eeeeiiia ?oaeae
3. Oaaee/aiea iauaia aa?oa?iuo naeaeie.
3. Iiaua acaeyaeu ia eioeyoeeth (Oai?ey i?ioanni?a A.Ioaa/aaa)
Ii iiaieth aeieoi?a yeiiiie/aneeo iaoe, i?ioanni?a A.Ioaa/aaa, ai?ueaa
n eioeyoeeae a iaoeo oneiaeyo ia iiaeao naiaeeoueny e ai?ueaa n
aeaoeoeeoii athaeaeaoa. Ie nie?auaiea ?anoiaeia athaeaeaoa, ie
oaaee/aiea aai aeioiaeia ia niiniaiu ?aoeoue i?iaeaio eioeyoeee.
Ei?aiioth ia?o ii nieaeaieth eioeyoeee ii aeaeeo a eciaiaiee iaeiaiaie
iieeoeee. Iaeiaiiaeiaeaiea i?iecaiaeeoaeae aeieaeii no?ieoueny oae,
/oiau ia oaaee/eaaoue eo cao?aou ia aaeeieoeo i?iaeoeoeee. Iaeia ia
aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue (IAeN), a oaeaea ana iaeiae e ia/eneaiey ia
ca?aaioioth ieaoo (IIC) neaaeoao ioiaieoue. Iie eeoue ?ane?o/eaatho
eioeyoeeth e oaaee/eaatho niaae i?iecaiaenoaa. Oiaaea aeaaiui iaeiaii
aeieaeai noaoue iaeia ia i?eaueue (II), aai iaaei oaaee/eoue aei 50-60
%.
?yaeo io?aneae oeaeaniia?acii auei au i?aaeinoaaeoue aeioaoeee:
naeueneiio oicyenoao, ieuaaie, eaaeie i?iiuoeaiiinoe e i?.
Yoe ia?u, ii iiaieth i?ioanni?a A.Ioaa/aaa, naeaeatho ?aioaaaeueiuie
iniiaioth ianno i?aaei?eyoee. Oiaaea eioeyoeey iieaeao ia oaueue i?e
?inoa i?iecaiaenoaa.
Caeeth/aiea.
A naiae ?aaioa y eceiaeee aeaa ?acee/iua oi/ee c?aiey ia iaeio
i?iaeaio, aieiothuoth iiiaeo – eioeyoeeth.
Aeey ?aoaiey yoie i?iaeaiu i?aaeoaeuenoao, ia iie acaeyae, iaiaoiaeeii
au?aaioaoue iieeoeeo, ni/aoathuoth i?aeiouanoaa eae o?aaeeoeeiiiiai
iaoiaea, oae e iaoiaea i?ioanni?a A.Ioaa/aaa. Aaaeue, eae aeaneo
ia?iaeiay ioae?inoue, enoeia iaoiaeeony aaea-oi iaaeaeo aeaoiy
e?aeiinoyie.
IV. Nienie eeoa?aoo?u.
?.Iaeeiiae, N.E.A?th “Yeiiiieen” I. “Ae?ioa” 1991 a.
I.I.*aio?eia “Eo?n yeiiiie/aneie oai?ee” E. “Ana” 1995 a.
“Aanoiee IO: Yeiiiieea” 3/96 (A.A. Ai?enia)
“Yeiiiieno” 5/96 (A.Ioaa/aa)
“?YAE” 10/95 (Aa?aneiia)
“Oeiainu” 10/96 (E.ss.Iineiaa)
“Aaieianeia aeaei” 8/96 (I.O.Ia?ueynei)
“YEI” 10/95 (A.I.Eeea?eiiia)
“Eiiia?naioU” 6/97
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