Niaea?aeaiea
Aaaaeaiea ……………………………………………………………….. 4
Aeaaa 1. Athaeaeaoiue i?ioeann a oneiaeyo ia?aoiaea e
?uieo ……………………………………………………………………. 6
1.1 Yeiiiie/aneia niaea?aeaiea e cia/aiea athaeaeaoa …………….. 6
1.2 Athaeaeaoiay nenoaia e athaeaeaoiue i?ioeann a ?O ..……………. 11
1.3 Oa?aeoa?enoeea Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay …………………………… 23
1.4 Athaeaeaoiia ono?ienoai e i?aaiecaoeey athaeaeaoiiai i?ioeanna a
Oaaa?ianeii e?aa ………………………………………………………. 26
Aeaaa 2. Aiaeec athaeaeaoa Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay ……………… 39
2.1 Aiaeec eniieiaiey aeioiaeia e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa ca 1995 – 1997
aiaeu ………………………………………………………………………. 39
2.2 Aiaeec eniieiaiey ?anoiaeia e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa ca 1995 – 1997
aiaeu ……………………………………………………………………… 46
2.3 Ieaie?iaaiea e i?iaiice?iaaiea aeioiaeia athaeaeaoa e?ay e e?aaaiai
athaeaeaoa ia 1999 aiae ……………………………..………….. 53
2.4 Ieaie?iaaiea e i?iaiice?iaaiea ?anoiaeia athaeaeaoa e?ay e e?aaaiai
athaeaeaoa ia 1999 aiae ………………………………………… 63
Aeaaa 3. Iooe niaa?oainoaiaaiey athaeaeaoiiai i?ioeanna…76
3.1 Acaeiiioiioaiey oaaea?aeueiiai, ?aaeiiaeueiuo e ianoiuo athaeaeaoia
ia iniiaa athaeaeaoiiai e iaeiaiaiai eiaeaenia …………78
3.2 Iaoiaee/aneea iniiau ii?aaeaeaiey ?acia?ia ?aaeiiaeueiuo athaeaeaoia
……..………………………………………………………….. 85
3.3 Iooe niaa?oainoaiaaiey iaaeathaeaeaoiuo ioiioaiee……….…88
Caeeth/aiea ……………………………………………………..………93
Nienie eeoa?aoo?u ……………….……………………………………101
I?eeiaeaiey
Aaaaeaiea
A ianoiyuaa a?aiy a ?innee i?ienoiaeyo aeoaieea yeiiiie/aneea ia?aiaiu.
Noa?ua iaoiaeu oicyenoaiaaiey caiaiythony ?uii/iuie. ?inney ia?aoea ia
iiaue yoai – yoai ?uii/iuo ioiioaiee. Yoio ia?eiae nii?iaiaeaeaeny
aieueoeie eciaiaieyie a oeiainiaie nenoaia no?aiu. Yoi iaino?eei
yeiiiie/aneoth neooaoeeth a no?aia. Ia?aae ainoaea?noaii anoaee oaeea
caaea/e, eae noaaeeecaoeey yeiiiieee, auoiae ec oeiainiaiai e?ecena,
nieaeaiea athaeaeaoiiai aeaoeoeeoa.
Iuia iiauoaiea ?iee ?aaeiiia a iieeoe/aneie e yeiiiie/aneie aeecie
no?aiu noaei i/aaeaeiui oaeoii. A oa/aiea ?yaea iineaaeieo eao e iei ca
iiaeaea?aeeie e ?ac?aoaieai naieo nii?ia ia?auaeenue aunoea
i?aaenoaaeoaee eniieieoaeueiie e caeiiiaeaoaeueiie aeanoe. A iuiaoiee
ia?eiae ?acaeoey ?inneeneiai iauanoaa ?aaeiiu i?aa?aoeeenue a ?aoathuee
oaeoi? yeiiiie/aneie e iieeoe/aneie aeecie, ?aoathuee noaeueao ?aoi?i.
Oe?aieaiea athaeaeaoia anao o?iaiae aeanoe yaeyaony eeth/aaui aii?inii
athaeaeaoiie e yeiiiie/aneie ?aoi?iu, ai iiiaii ii?aaeaeythuei noaeueao
?inneeneiai ainoaea?noaa. Athaeaeaoiay nenoaia ia?aaeeaaao neiaeiue
ia?eiae noaiiaeaiey o?iaiae ?aaeiiaeueiiai e ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey. E
iiea aua io/aoeeai ia i?iyaeeenue eiioo?u aoaeouae iiaeaee athaeaeaoiiai
oaaea?aeecia a ?innee.
?aoaiea yoeo i?iaeai iaaiciiaeii aac eco/aiey yeiiiie/aneie no?oeoo?u
iauanoaa, aac aiaeeca oeiainiaie nenoaiu. Oeiainiaay nenoaia ioaaouaaao
iiiaea eino?oiaiou ainoaea?noaaiiuo oeiainia. Oeaio?aeueiia ianoi a
nenoaia ainoaea?noaaiiuo oeiainia caieiaao athaeaeao ainoaea?noaa.
Ia ?acee/iuo yoaiao ?acaeoey yeiiiieee athaeaeao yaeyaony iniiaiui
enoi/ieeii aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa aeey ?aaeecaoeee iaia/aiiuo ?aoi?i.
?aoi?iu i?aaeiieaaatho ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiea eiiiaoaioeee iaaeaeo
oaaea?aeueiuie, ?aaeiiaeueiuie e ianoiuie o?iaiyie aeanoe, noaiiaeaiea
i?aaiia ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey, iiene iooae iaania/aiey ?aaeueiie
oeiainiaie naiinoiyoaeueiinoe eaaeaeie aaeieieno?aoeaii-oa??eoi?eaeueiie
aaeeieoeu. Aaaeiie caaea/ae a nenoaia ia? ii ?aoi?ie?iaaieth oi?aaeaiey
yeiiiieeie yaeyaony niaa?oainoaiaaiea acaeiiioiioaiee oeaio?aeueiuo
i?aaiia aeanoe n ianoiuie i?aaiaie aeanoe a oiaea ninoaaeaiey e
eniieiaiey aeioiaeia. Niune i?iaaaeaiey ?aoi?i – naeaeaoue athaeaeaou
?aaeiiia eae iiaeii aieaa naaeaine?iaaiiuie, iiaoaeea eo ca?aaaouaaoue
n?aaenoaa naiei e eeeaeaee?iaaoue anyeia ia?aaiii?aaea noauaeoia ?O.
Iiea ?acoeueoaou i?iaiaeeiuo ?aoi?i aua ia aeinoeaioou.
Iooue ?aoi?ie?iaaiey iaaeathaeaeaoiuo ioiioaiee a ?innee, oi?ie?iaaiey
?aaeiiaeueiuo athaeaeaoia n o/aoii iieeoe/aneeo e yeiiiie/aneeo ?aaeee
naaiaeiyoiaai aeiy /?acau/aeii o?oaeai. Iaiaoiaeeia i/aiue aeaeay,
acaaoaiiay iieeoeea, inoi?iaeiia aaaaeaiea iiauo athaeaeaoiuo
eino?oiaioia e iaoiaeia, oa?iaeeaia i?eniiniaeaiea aeaenoaothueo
iaoaieciia e iiaui oneiaeyi ooieoeeiie?iaaiey.
N?aaee iiiaeanoaa athaeaeaoiuo i?iaeai neaaeoao i?aaeaea anaai
auaeaeeoue o?e:
— oi?ie?iaaiea aeioiaeia athaeaeaoia anao o?iaiae;
— aa?oeeaeueiay ianaaeaine?iaaiiinoue athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu;
— iaii?aaeaeaiiinoue iieiaeaiey athaeaeaoia noauaeoia
Aei ianoiyuaai a?aiaie aii?ino iaaeathaeaeaoiuo ioiioaiee aeinoaoi/iiai
aieiaiey ia oaeaeyeinue. I?aaeoaeuenoai i?eieiaao ana iiaua e iiaua
caeiiu, aea?othuea ethaeyi i/a?aaeiua eueaiou, i?e/ai oeiaine?iaaiea
eiaeeony ia ia oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao, a ia?aeeaaeuaaaony ia iea/e
?aaeiiaeueiuo athaeaeaoia. Oaeei ia?acii, i?ienoiaeeo ia?aeeaaeuaaiea
?anoiaeia n auoanoiyuaai athaeaeaoa ia ieaeanoiyuea aac eaeiai-eeai
oeiainiaiai iaania/aiey. E?iia oiai, aieueooth neiaeiinoue i?aaenoaaeyao
ii?aaeaeeoue ?acia? oeiainiaie iiiiue athaeaeaoai ?aaeiiia aaeaeo oiai,
/oi ?aaeiiu /anoi oe?uaatho naie ?aaeueiua aeioiaeu, /oiau iieo/eoue
aieueoee ?acia? oeiainiaie iiiiue ec oeaio?a. Ana yoi cao?oaeiyao
i?iaaaeaiea athaeaeaoiiai i?ioeanna a ?innee e iaaaoeaii neacuaaaony ia
anae yeiiiieea. Yoi aua ?ac iieacuaaao i iaiaoiaeeiinoe eciaiaiey
oeiainiai-athaeaeaoiiai iaoaiecia. A yoii i?ioeanna oaea ia/aei
acaeiiaeaenoaiaaoue ana aieueoaa eiee/anoai caeioa?aniaaiiuo noauaeoia.
A eo /enea aunooiatho i?aaiu aeanoe ?anioaeee, e?aaa, iaeanoae, ianoiuo
aaeieieno?aoeaii-oa??eoi?eaeueiuo ia?aciaaiee ?O. E naaiaeiy niaa?oaiii
i/aaeaeii, /oi a oneiaeyo ?uii/iiai oicyenoaiaaiey ?ieue athaeaeaoa
ainoaea?noaa oneeeaaaony. Ii noaiiaeony iaeiei ec aeaaiuo eino?oiaioia
ainoaea?noaa a i?iaaaeaiee yeiiiie/aneie e nioeeaeueiie iieeoeee. N
iiiiuueth iaai inouanoaeyaony ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiea iaoeeiiaeueiiai
aeioiaea, ainoaea?noai iiaeao eciaiyoue no?oeoo?o iauanoaaiiiai
aini?iecaiaenoaa, aeeyoue ia ?acoeueoaou oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe,
inouanoaeyoue nioeeaeueiua i?aia?aciaaiey.
Ana yoi naeaeaoaeuenoaoao ia aeooaeueiinoe oaiu aeeieiiiie ?aaiou e
i?aaeii?aaeaeeei aa auai?.
Oeaeueth ?aaiou yaeyaony ?anniio?aiea athaeaeaoiiai i?ioeanna a
oneiaeyo ia?aoiaea e ?uii/iui ioiioaieyi ia i?eia?a Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay.
Caaea/e aeaiiie aeeieiiiie ?aaiou:
1) ?anniio?aoue athaeaeaoiue i?ioeann a oneiaeyo ia?aoiaea e ?uieo, aeey
yoiai ?ane?uoue oaeea aaaeiua iiiyoey e iieiaeaiey, eae
yeiiiie/aneia niaea?aeaiea e cia/aiea athaeaeaoa;
athaeaeaoiay nenoaia e athaeaeaoiue i?ioeann a ?O;
ioa?aeoa?eciaaoue Oaaa?ianeee e?ae n aaiiieeoe/aneie e
nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneie oi/ee c?aiey;
?anniio?aoue athaeaeaoiia ono?ienoai e i?aaiecaoeeth athaeaeaoiiai
i?ioeanna a Oaaa?ianeii e?aa;
2) i?iaiaeece?iaaoue eniieiaiea aeioiaeia e ?anoiaeia e?aaaiai
athaeaeaoa ca 1995-1997 aiaea, a oaeaea ?anniio?aoue ieaie?iaaiea e
i?iaiice?iaaiea aeioiaeia e ?anoiaeia e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa e athaeaeaoa
Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay ia 1999 aiae
3) i?aaeeiaeeoue iooe niaa?oainoaiaaiey athaeaeaoiiai i?ioeanna.
A ea/anoaa iaoiaeia, iicaieythueo aeinoe/ue iinoaaeaiiuo ia?aae aeaiiie
aeeieiiiie ?aaioie caaea/, auee eniieueciaaiu aeaaeoeoeaiue iaoiae (io
“iauaai” e “/anoiiio”) e eiaeoeoeaiue iaoiae (io niaieoiiinoe “/anoiuo”
e “iauaio”).
Aeaaa 1. Athaeaeaoiue i?ioeann a oneiaeyo ia?aoiaea e ?uieo
1.1 Yeiiiie/aneia niaea?aeaiea e cia/aiea athaeaeaoa
Athaeaeao – oeaio?aeueiia caaii oeiainiai-e?aaeeoiie nenoaiu,
ioaaouaathuaa aieaa iieiaeiu aaeiaiai aioo?aiiaai i?iaeoeoa.
Oeiainiai-e?aaeeoiay nenoaia ?O i?aaenoaaeaia a i?eeiaeaiee 1. Iiiyoea
“athaeaeao” oiio?aaeyaony eae yeiiiie/aneay e i?aaiaay eaoaai?ee.
Eae i?aaiaay eaoaai?ey athaeaeao – cae?aieaiiay caeiiii oi?ia
ia?aciaaiey e ?anoiaeiaaiey aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa aeey iaania/aiey
ooieoeee i?aaiia ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe (noaouey 1 Caeiia ?NON? “Ia
iniiaao athaeaeaoiiai ono?ienoaa e athaeaeaoiiai i?ioeanna a ?NON?”)
?anniio?ei athaeaeao eae yeiiiie/aneoth eaoaai?eth. Oeiainiaua
ioiioaiey, neeaaeuaathueany o ainoaea?noaa n i?aaei?eyoeyie,
i?aaiecaoeeyie, o/?aaeaeaieyie e ianaeaieai iacuaathony athaeaeaoiuie.
Niaoeeoeea yoeo ioiioaiee eae /anoe oeiainiauo ninoieo a neaaeothuai:
ai-ia?auo, iie aicieeatho a ?ani?aaeaeeoaeueiii i?ioeanna, iai?aiaiiui
o/anoieeii eioi?iai yaeyaony ainoaea?noai (a eeoea niioaaonoaothueo
i?aaiia aeanoe);
ai-aoi?uo, iie naycaiu n oi?ie?iaaieai e eniieueciaaieai
oeaio?aeeciaaiiiai oiiaea aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa, i?aaeiacia/aiiiai aeey
oaeiaeaoai?aiey iauaainoaea?noaaiiuo iio?aaiinoae.
Athaeaeaoiua ioiioaiey ioaaouaatho ?aciua iai?aaeaiey
?ani?aaeaeeoaeueiiai i?ioeanna (noa?u iauanoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe,
io?aneyie ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa, oa??eoi?eyie no?aiu) e ana o?iaie
oicyenoaiaaiey (oaaea?aeueiue, ?anioaeeeaineee, ianoiue).
Athaeaeaoiui ioiioaieyi i?enou iauaeoeaiue oa?aeoa?. Yoi iauyniyaony
oai, /oi a ?oeao ainoaea?noaa aaeaaiaeii aeieaeia eiioeaio?e?iaaoueny
ii?aaeaeaiiay aeiey iaoeeiiaeueiiai aeioiaea, iaiaoiaeeiay aeey ioaeae
yeiiiie/aneiai ?acaeoey, nioeeaeueii-eoeueoo?iuo iio?aaiinoae a?aaeaeai,
?aoaiey iai?iiiuo caaea/, iie?uoey iaueo ecaea?aeae ainoaea?noaaiiiai
oi?aaeaiey.
Niaieoiiinoue athaeaeaoiuo ioiioaiee ii oi?ie?iaaieth e eniieueciaaieth
athaeaeaoiiai oiiaea no?aiu ninoaaeyao iiiyoea athaeaeaoa ainoaea?noaa.
Athaeaeao – aaaeiia caaii ainoaea?noaa. A yeiiiie/aneie eeoa?aoo?a
nouanoaotho o?e oi/ee c?aiey ii aii?ino i nouiinoe athaeaeaoa:
ia?aay ii?aaeaeyao athaeaeao eae iauaeoeaioth yeiiiie/aneoth eaoaai?eth,
aoi?ay ii?aaeaeyao athaeaeao eae iniiaiie oeiainiaue ieai ainoaea?noaa,
a o?aouey ?anniao?eaaao athaeaeao n aeaoo noi?ii, n iaeiie noi?iiu
athaeaeao – yoi iauaeoeaiay yeiiiie/aneay eaoaai?ey, a n ae?oaie noi?iiu
athaeaeao – iniiaiie oeiainiaue ieai ainoaea?noaa. A ianoiyuaa a?aiy
i?eaea?aeeaathony o?aoueae oi/ee c?aiey. Oaeei ia?acii, iiae athaeaeaoii
ainoaea?noaa iiieiatho aeaiaaeiua ioiioaiey, aicieeathuea o ainoaea?noaa
n th?eaee/aneeie e oece/aneeie eeoeaie ii iiaiaeo ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiey
iaoeeiiaeueiiai aeioiaea a nayce n ia?aciaaieai e eniieueciaaieai
athaeaeaoiiai oiiaea, i?aaeiacia/aiiiai ia oeiaine?iaaiea ia?iaeiiai
oicyenoaa, nioeeaeueii-eoeueoo?iuo ia?ii?eyoee, ioaeae iai?iiu e
ainoaea?noaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey.
Aeaaiaea?y athaeaeaoo ainoaea?noai eiaao aiciiaeiinoue nin?aaeioi/eoue
oeiainiaua ?ano?nu ia ?aoathueo o/anoeao yeiiiie/aneiai e nioeeaeueiiai
?acaeoey.
Athaeaeao iiaeii ?anniao?eaaoue eae naiinoiyoaeueioth yeiiiie/aneoth
eaoaai?eth. Ii eiaao naie iniaaiiinoe:
– athaeaeao yaeyaony iniaie yeiiiie/aneie oi?iie ia?a?ani?aaeaeeoaeueiuo
ioiioaiee, naycaiiie n iainiaeaieai /anoe iaoeeiiaeueiiai aeioiaea a
?oeao ainoaea?noaa e aa eniieueciaaieai n oeaeueth oaeiaeaoai?aiey
iio?aaiinoae anaai iauanoaa e ioaeaeueiuo aai ainoaea?noaaiii –
oa??eoi?eaeueiuo oi?ie?iaaiee;
– n iiiiuueth athaeaeaoa i?ienoiaeeo ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiea
iaoeeiiaeueiiai aeioiaea iaaeaeo io?aneyie ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa,
oa??eoi?eyie no?aiu, noa?aie iauanoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe;
– i?iii?oeee athaeaeaoiiai ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiey noieiinoe ii?aaeaeythony
iio?aaiinoyie aini?iecaiaenoaa, caaea/aie, noiyueie ia?aae iauanoaii ia
eaaeaeii enoi?e/aneii yoaia.
Nouiinoue athaeaeaoa eae yeiiiie/aneie eaoaai?ee ?aaeecoaony /a?ac
?ani?aaeaeeoaeueioth e eiio?ieueioth ooieoeee.
?ani?aaeaeeoaeueiay ooieoeey caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi aeaaiaea?y ae
i?ienoiaeeo eiioeaio?aoeey aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa a ?oeao ainoaea?noaa e eo
eniieueciaaiea n oeaeueth oaeiaeaoai?aiey iauaainoaea?noaaiiuo
iio?aaiinoae. E?iia oiai, n iiiiuueth yoie ooieoeee iiaeii ii?aaeaeeoue
ia neieueei naiaa?aiaiii e iieii oeiainiaua ?ano?nu iinooiatho a
?ani?aaeaeaiea ainoaea?noaa e eaeei ia?acii oaeoe/anee neeaaeuaathony
i?iii?oeee a ?ani?aaeaeaiee athaeaeaoiiai oiiaea. Niaea?aeaiea ooieoeee
ii?aaeaeyaony i?ioeannaie ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiey oeiainiauo ?ano?nia iaaeaeo
?aciuie iiae?acaeaeaieyie iauanoaaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa. Ie iaeii ec
ae?oaeo caaiueaa oeiainiaie nenoaiu ia inouanoaeyao oaeiai ?aciiia?acey
ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiey oeiainiauo ?ano?nia (iaaeio?aneaaia,
iaaeoa??eoi?eaeueiia, aioo?e?aaeiiaeueiia, iiiaio?iaiaaia
ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiea oeiainiauo ?ano?nia, o.a. iaaeaeo ?acee/iuie o?iaiyie
athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu).
Noa?a aeayoaeueiinoe yoie ooieoeee ii?aaeaeyaony oai, /oi a ioiioaiea n
athaeaeaoii anooiatho ana o/anoieee iauanoaaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa, eae
th?eaee/aneea, oae e oece/aneea eeoea.
Eiio?ieueiay ooieoeey caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi /a?ac oi?ie?iaaiea e
eniieueciaaiea oiiaea aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa ainoaea?noaa ioia?aaeaao
yeiiiie/aneea i?ioeannu, oa?aeoa?ecothuea yeiiiieeo ainoaea?noaa.
Aeaaiaea?y yoie ooieoeee iiaeii noaeeoue i oii eae iinooiatho a
?anii?yaeaiea ainoaea?noaa oeiainiaua ?ano?nu io ?aciuo noauaeoia
oicyenoaiaaiey, a oaeaea niioaaonoaoao ee ?acia? oeaio?aeecoaiuo
?ano?nia iio?aaiinoyi ainoaea?noaa. Iniiao yoie ooieoeee ninoaaeyao
aeaeaeaiea athaeaeaoiuo ?ano?nia, eioi?ia iaoiaeeo io?aaeaiea a
niioaaonoaothueo iieacaoaeyo athaeaeaoiuo iinooieaiee e ?anoiaeiuo
iacia/aiee.
Ooieoeee athaeaeaoa oaeaea iauaeoeaiu eae e naia yoa eaoaai?ey.
Athaeaeao ainoaea?noaa yaeyaony aaaeiui eino?oiaioii aicaeaenoaey ia
?acaeoea yeiiiieee e nioeeaeueiie noa?u. N aai iiiiuueth ainoaea?noai
iiaeao eciaiyoue no?oeoo?o iauanoaaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa, aeeyoue ia
?acoeueoaou oicyenoaiaaiey, inouanoaeyoue nioeeaeueiua i?aia?aciaaiey.
I?e ia?aoiaea e ?uii/iie yeiiiieea athaeaeao ia oo?aoee naiae ?iee. Ii
noaiiaeony iaeiei ec aeaaiuo eino?oiaioia ainoaea?noaa a i?iaaaeaiee
yeiiiie/aneie e nioeeaeueiie iieeoeee.
Ooieoeeiie?iaaiea athaeaeaoa ainoaea?noaa i?ienoiaeeo iin?aaenoaii
iniauo yeiiiie/aneeo oi?i – aeioiaeia e ?anoiaeia.
Aeioiaeu athaeaeaoa – /anoue oeaio?aeeciaaiiuo oeiainiauo ?ano?nia
ainoaea?noaa, iaiaoiaeeiuo aeey auiieiaiey aai ooieoeee.
Iie au?aaeatho yeiiiie/aneea ioiioaiey, aicieeathuea a i?ioeanna
oi?ie?iaaiey oiiaeia aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa e iinooiatho a ?anii?yaeaiea
i?aaiia aeanoe. Aeaaiui iaoa?eaeueiui enoi/ieeii aeioiaeia yaeyaony
iaoeeiiaeueiue aeioiae. Eiaaea iaoeeiiaeueiiai aeioiaea ia oaaoaao aeey
iie?uoey oeiainiauo ioaeae, ainoaea?noai i?eaeaeaao iaoeeiiaeueiia
aiaaonoai. Iainoaea?noaeaiea iaoeeiiaeueiiai aeioiaea inouanoaeyaony
ainoaea?noaii ?aciuie iaoiaeaie. Iniiaiuie iaoiaeaie, eniieuecoaiuie
i?aaiaie ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe aeey ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiey iaoeeiiaeueiiai
aeioiaea e ia?aciaaiey athaeaeaoiuo aeioiaeia yaeythony iaeiae, caeiu,
yienney aeaiaa.
Aei ia?aoiaea ia ?uii/iua ioiioaiey aeioiaeu ainoaea?noaaiiiai
athaeaeaoa NNN? aace?iaaeenue ia aeaiaaeiuo iaeiieaieyo ainoaea?noaaiiuo
i?aaei?eyoee. Iie caieiaee aieaa 90 % iauae noiiu aeioiaeia athaeaeaoa
e a iniiaiii ninoiyee ec aeaoo ieaoaaeae – iaeiaa n iai?ioa e ieaoaaeae
ec i?eauee. Oaeay nenoaia i?inouanoaiaaea n 1930 ii 1990 aiaeu.
A oneiaeyo ia?aoiaea ia ?uii/iua ioiioaiey, aeioiaeu athaeaeaoiie
nenoaiu i?aoa?iaee ei?aiiua eciaiaiey. Iniiaiuie aeioiaeaie noaee
iaeiae.
Ninoaa athaeaeaoiuo aeioiaeia, oi?iu iiaeeecaoeee aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa a
athaeaeao caaenyo io nenoaiu e iaoiaeia oicyenoaiaaiey, a oaeaea io
?aoaaiuo iauanoaii yeiiiie/aneeo caaea/.
A ?acoeueoaoa ?aoi?iu iaeiaiaay nenoaia ?innee no?ieony ia ni/aoaiee
i?yiuo e einaaiiuo iaeiaia. Ia?aua onoaiaaeeaathony iaiin?aaenoaaiii ia
aeioiae eee eiouanoai iaeiaiieaoaeueueea, aoi?ua – aeeth/athony a aeaea
iaaeaaaee a oeaio oiaa?a eee oa?eoa ia oneoae e iiea/eaathony
iio?aaeoaeai. I?e i?yiii iaeiaiiaeiaeaiee aeaiaaeiua ioiioaiey
aicieeatho iaaeaeo ainoaea?noaii e naiei ieaoaeueueeii, aiinyuei iaeia
iaiin?aaenoaaiii a eacio; i?e einaaiiii – noauaeoii iaeiaa noaiiaeony
i?iaeaaaoe oiaa?a (oneoae), aunooiathuee iin?aaeieeii iaaeaeo
ainoaea?noaii e ieaoaeueueeii (iio?aaeoaeai oiaa?a eee oneoae).
I?yiua iaeiae a naith i/a?aaeue iiae?acaeaeythony ia ?aaeueiua,
oiea/eaaaiua n ioaeaeueiuo aeaeia eiouanoaa, e ee/iua, o.a. aceiaaiua n
th?eaee/aneeo e oece/aneeo eeoe o enoi/ieea aeioiaea eee ii
aeaeea?aoeee; i?e yoii iaeie ec i?yiuo iaeiaia oiea/eaathony oieueei
th?eaee/aneeie eeoeaie, ae?oaea – oieueei oece/aneeie, a o?aouee – oaie
e ae?oaeie.
Einaaiiua iaeiae ii oa?aeoa?o oiaea iaiaeii?iaeiu; a eo ninoaaa
auaeaeythony aeoeecu (iie iiaoo auoue eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuie (ii ioaeaeueiui
aeaeai e a?oiiai oiaa?ia) e oieaa?naeueiuie) e oaiiaeaiiua iioeeiu.
Aeaaiui n?aaee iaeiaia, aceiaaiuo n th?eaee/aneeo eeoe, yaeyaony iaeia
ia i?eaueue (aeioiae) i?aaei?eyoee. Aai i?eiaiaiea aucaaii oai, /oi a
oneiaeyo ?uii/iiai oicyenoaa ?ieue i?eauee nouanoaaiii aic?anoaao. Iaeia
ia i?eaueue aeieaeai eniieueciaaoueny ia oieueei a oeneaeueiuo oeaeyo,
ii e aeey nicaeaiey caeioa?aniaaiiinoe i?aaei?eyoee a iiauoaiee
yooaeoeaiinoe i?iecaiaenoaa e oeo/oaiee aai iaoa?eaeueii- oaoie/aneie
iniauaiiinoe. E niaeaeaieth, nenoaia en/eneaiey iaeiaa, aaaaeaiiay a
1992 a. auea i?eaioe?iaaia a iniiaiii ia oeneaeueiue yooaeo.
Iaee/ea ?aciuo oi?i nianoaaiiinoe, eo yeiiiie/aneia niia?ie/anoai
aucuaatho iaiaoiaeeiinoue aceiaiey iaeiaa ia oieueei n iieo/aaiuo
aeioiaeia, ii e ni noieiinoe eiouanoaa, eioi?ia i?yiui eee einaaiiui
ia?acii niinianoaoao ?inoo aeioiaea i?aaei?eyoey. Iaeia ia eiouanoai
i?aaei?eyoee i?aneaaeoao oeaeue ia oieueei iaania/eoue ?aaoey?iia
iinooieaiea aeioiaeia a athaeaeao, ii e noeioee?iaaoue inaiaiaeaeaiea
i?aaei?eyoee io eeoiaai e iaeniieuecoaiiai eiouanoaa.
Aaaeiia ianoi a iaeiaiaie nenoaia no?aiu caieiatho ieaoaaee ca
i?e?iaeiua ?ano?nu. Cia/aiea yoeo ieaoaaeae a oii, /oi iie ea?atho ia
oieueei oeneaeueioth, ii e noeioee?othuoth ?ieue, i?eaioe?oy noauaeoia
oicyenoaiaaiey ia aieaa yooaeoeaiia eniieueciaaiea niioaaonoaothueo
aeaeia ?ano?nia. Iaiaoiaeeiinoue a iiaeiaiii noeioee?iaaiee aucaaia
aic?inoeie ianooaaaie iauanoaaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa, o?aaothueie
aiaea/aiey a oicyenoaaiiue iai?io ana iiauo e iiauo ?ano?nia. Iaaeaeo
oai iineaaeiea aeaeaei ia aaca?aie/iu e a neeo ioiineoaeueiiai
oiaiueoaiey noaiiayony ana aei?iaea.
Iniiaiia ianoi a nenoaia iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey oece/aneeo eeoe caieiaao
iiaeioiaeiue iaeia. Ia?aoiae e ?uii/iie yeiiiieea nicaeaao i?aaeiinueee
aeey ?inoa ee/iuo aeioiaeia a?aaeaeai. A yoeo oneiaeyo i?eiaiyaony
i?ia?anneaiia iaeiaiiaeiaeaiea, iicaieythuaa ii ia?a oaaee/aiey
ca?aaioeia a?aaeaeai ecuiaoue o ieo a oaaee/aiiuo ?acia?ao aeaiaaeiua
n?aaenoaa, iaiaoiaeeiua aeey i?iaaaeaiey nioeeaeueiuo i?ia?aii.
Iiaeioiaeiia iaeiaeaiea oece/aneeo eeoe aeiiieiyaony aceiaieai iaeiaa
ia eiouanoai, eioi?ue a oneiaeyo ia?aoiaeao ?uieo auiieiyao ia oieueei
oeneaeueioth ?ieue, ii e neoaeeo naiaia?aciui ineoieiae/aneei oaeoi?ii,
aeeythuei ia iiaaaeaiea ieaoaeueueea, iniciathuaai naay nianoaaiieeii.
Iaeia ia eiouanoai iicaieyao iiaeeeciaaoue a ?anii?yaeaiea ainoaea?noaa
aeaiaaeiua n?aaenoaa iaeaieaa ninoiyoaeueiuo a?aaeaeai. Aeaaii?eyoiua
oaiaeaioeee a ?acaeoee no?aiu, aa yeiiiie/aneee e nioeeaeueiue ?anoeaao
iai?yioth caaenyo io oiai, ianeieueei auno?i ninoiyoaeueiua aeaaeaeueoeu
eiouanoaa noaioo i?aiaeaaeathuae /anoueth ?inneeneiai iauanoaa.
A iaeiaiaie nenoaia no?aiu iinea aeeeoaeueiiai ia?a?uaa ainnoaiiaeai
iaeia n ianeaaenoa, eioi?ui n 1 yiaa?y 1992 a. iaeaaaaony eiouanoai,
ia?aoiaeyuaa a?aaeaeaiai a ii?yaeea ianeaaeiaaiey eee aea?aiey. Aceiaiea
yoiai iaeiaa io?aaeaao eciaiaiea yeiiiie/aneeo oneiaee aeecie a?aaeaeai
e a ii?aaeaeaiiie ia?a – eeieth aai iiaaaeaiey. Caaioa i iineaaeothueo
iieieaieyo, ianeaaeothueo ia oieueei iaeiieaiiia eiouanoai, ii e n?aaeo
iaeoaiey, noaiiaeony iaeiei ec aaaeiaeoeo aeeciaiiuo i?eioeeiia
o?oaeiaie aeayoaeueiinoe /aeiaaea.
A ?inneeneie nenoaia iaeiaia ia?yaeo n i?yiuie eniieuecothony e
einaaiiua, e?oiiaeoei n?aaee eioi?uo yaeyaony iaeia ia aeiaaaeaiioth
noieiinoue. Ii aaaaeai n yiaa?y 1992 a. e eiee/anoaaiii caiaiee (aianoa
n aeoeecaie) ?aiaa aeaenoaiaaaoea iaeia n iai?ioa e iaeia n i?iaeaae.
Iaeiia?aiaiii n iaeiaii ia aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue a nenoaia
einaaiiiai iaeiaeaiey eniieuecothony oaeaea ?acee/iua aeoeecu,
onoaiaaeeaaaiua ia ioaeaeueiua aeaeu e a?oiiu oiaa?ia. Eo aaaaeaiea n
1992 a. iaoneiaeaii ioiaiie iaeiaa n iai?ioa. A nenoaio einaaiiiai
iaeiaeaiey aeeth/athony e oaiiaeaiiua iioeeiu, eie iaeaaathony oiaa?u e
eiua i?aaeiaou, aaiceiua ia oa??eoi?eth no?aiu e auaiceiua ca aa
i?aaeaeu.
I?aai aaiaeeoue iaeia ia oa??eoi?ee ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee cae?aieaii
ca Ainoaea?noaaiiie Aeoiie ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee; ii iia iiaeao
aeaeaae?iaaoue i?aai onoaiiaeaiey e ioiaiu ioaeaeueiuo aeaeia iaeiaia
ae?oaei caeiiiaeaoaeueiui e i?aaenoaaeoaeueiui i?aaiai aeanoe.
E?iia iaeiaia a athaeaeao iinooiatho iaiaeiaiaua aeioiaeu. E iei
ioiinyony, n iaeiie noi?iiu, aeioiaeu io yenieoaoaoeee ainoaea?noaaiiie
nianoaaiiinoe, a a oneiaeyo ia?aoiaea e ?uieo io aa i?iaeaaee
th?eaee/aneei e oece/aneei eeoeai, a n ae?oaie – iinooieaiey io
?aaeecaoeee iaeeaaoeee ainoaea?noaaiiuo caeiia e ae?oaeo oeaiiuo aoiaa.
Aeioiaeu athaeaeaoa oi?ie?othony ca n/ao ?acee/iuo enoi/ieeia, e
eioi?ui iiaeao auoue i?eiaieia ii?aaeaeaiiay eeanneoeeaoeey. Enoi/ieee
aeioiaeia athaeaeaoa i?aaeaea anaai iiae?acaeaeythony ia aioo?aiiea e
aiaoiea. E aioo?aiiei ioiinyony ana oa enoi/ieee aeioiaeia, eioi?ua
naycaiu n aioo?aiiei iaoa?eaeueiui i?iecaiaenoaii e noa?ie nioeeaeueiiai
ianeoaeeaaiey. Aiaoiea enoi/ieee aeioiaeia – yoi caaiiua n?aaenoaa,
i?aaenoaaeyaiua eeai ae?oaeie ainoaea?noaaie, eeai iaaeaeoia?iaeiuie
i?aaiecaoeeyie.
Ii ninoaao aeioiaeiay /anoue athaeaeaoa ninoieo ec cae?aieaiiuo e
?aaoee?othueo aeioiaeia. E?iia oiai, a athaeaeaou iiaoo iinooiaoue
aeioaoeee e noaaaioeee, a oaeaea caaiiua n?aaenoaa.
Anee eniieueciaaiea ?aaoee?othueo aeioiaeia ia iicaieeei naaeaine?iaaoue
athaeaeao, i?eiaiythony aeioaoeee e noaaaioeee, a oaeaea caaiiua
n?aaenoaa.
O?iaaiue cae?aieaiiuo aeioiaeia aeieaeai ninoaaeyoue ia iaiaa 70%
aeioiaeiie /anoe ieieiaeueiiai athaeaeaoa niioaaonoaothuaai o?iaiy, a
i?e ionoonoaee oaeie aiciiaeiinoe a nayce n iaaeinoaoi/iinoueth
cae?aieaiiuo e ?aaoee?othueo aeioiaeia – ia iaiaa 70% aeioiaeiie /anoe
aac o/aoa a iae aeioaoeee e noaaaioeee.
Aeey aeinoeaeaiey iacaaiuo oeaeae a i?ioeanna athaeaeaoiiai
?aaoee?iaaiey auoanoiyuea i?aaenoaaeoaeueiua i?aaiu aeanoe cae?aieytho
ca athaeaeaoaie ieaeanoiyueo o?iaiae iieiinoueth eee a oaa?aei
oeene?iaaiiie aeiea (a i?ioeaioao) ia aeieaia?aiaiiie iniiaa (ia iaiaa
/ai ia 5 eao) ethaua ?aaoee?othuea aeioiaeu, a oaeaea iiaoo ia?aaeaaaoue
a yoe athaeaeaou naie cae?aieaiiua aeioiaeu. I?e yoii a neo/aa
oaaee/aiey ieieiaeueiiai athaeaeaoa ia neaaeothuee oeiainiaue aiae
oeacaiiay oeene?iaaiiay aeiey iiaeeaaeeo niioaaonoaothuae ei??aeoe?iaea
noi?iio oaaee/aiey.
?anoiaeu ainoaea?noaaiiiai athaeaeaoa – yoi yeiiiie/aneea ioiioaiey,
aicieeathuea a nayce n ?ani?aaeaeaieai oiiaea aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa
ainoaea?noaa e aai eniieueciaaieai ii io?aneaaiio, oeaeaaiio e
oa??eoi?eaeueiiio iacia/aieth.
Aeey auyniaiey ?iee e cia/aiey iiiaiia?aciuo athaeaeaoiuo ?anoiaeia eo
iau/ii eeanneoeoee?otho ii ii?aaeaeaiiui i?eciaeai:
– ii ?iee a aini?iecaiaenoaa,
– ii iauanoaaiiiio iacia/aieth,
– ii io?aneyi i?iecaiaenoaa,
– ii aeaeai aeayoaeueiinoue oeaeaaiio iacia/aieth.
Ii ?iee a iauanoaaiiii i?iecaiaenoaa ?anoiaeu ainoaea?noaaiiiai
athaeaeaoa iiae?acaeaeythony ia aeaa /anoe: iaeia naycaia n ?acaeoeai
iaoa?eaeueiiai i?iecaiaenoaa, niaa?oainoaiaaieai aai io?aneaaie
no?oeoo?u, ae?oaay eniieuecoaony ia niaea?aeaiea e aeaeueiaeoaa ?acaeoea
iai?iecaiaenoaaiiie noa?u. N iiiiuueth athaeaeaoiuo ?anoiaeia
ainoaea?noai iiaeao ?aaoee?iaaoue ?ani?aaeaeaiea aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoaa
iaaeaeo iaoa?eaeueiui i?iecaiaenoaii e iai?iecaiaenoaaiiie noa?ie a
niioaaonoaee n iio?aaiinoyie iauanoaa a iaeanoe yeiiiie/aneiai e
nioeeaeueiiai ?acaeoey; noeioee?iaaoue ?acaeoea i?eioeeieaeueii iiauo
io?aneae yeiiiieee e aeaeia i?iecaiaenoa.
Yeiiiie/aneay a?oiie?iaea athaeaeaoiuo ?anoiaeia ii eo iauanoaaiiiio
iacia/aieth naycaia n oeiaine?iaaieai ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa,
nioeeaeueii-eoeueoo?iuo ia?ii?eyoee, iai?iiu, oi?aaeaiey.
Iniiao io?aneaaie a?oiie?iaee ?anoiaeia ainoaea?noaaiiiai athaeaeaoa
ninoaaeyao iauai?eiyoia aeaeaiea yeiiiieee ia io?anee e aeaeu
aeayoaeueiinoe. Enoiaey ec iaai ?anoiaeu a i?iecaiaenoaaiiie noa?a
iiae?acaeaeythony ii io?aneyi ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa: ia ?acaeoea
i?iiuoeaiiinoe, naeueneiai oicyenoaa, eaieoaeueiiai no?ieoaeuenoaa,
o?ainii?oa, nayce, oi?aiaee e ae?.; a iai?iecaiaenoaaiiie – ii io?aneyi
e aeaeai iauanoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe: ia ia?iaeiia ia?aciaaiea,
eoeueoo?o, cae?aaiio?aiaiea, nioeeaeueiia iaania/aiea, ainoaea?noaaiiia
oi?aaeaiea e o.ae. Io?aneaaia aeaeaiea ?anoiaeia iicaieyao auyaeyoue
i?iii?oeee a ?ani?aaeaeaiee athaeaeaoiuo n?aaenoa e, eciaiyy eo,
aeiaeaaoueny ioaeiuo naeaeaia a io?aneaaie no?oeoo?a iauanoaaiiiai
i?iecaiaenoaa.
A athaeaeaoa ainoaea?noaa nio?aiyaony iiea oeaeaaia iacia/aiea
auaeaeyaiuo anneaiiaaiee, io?aaeathuaa eiie?aoiua aeaeu cao?ao,
oeiaine?oaiuo ainoaea?noaii. Oae, a ninoaaa ?anoiaeia ia ia?iaeiia
oicyenoai auaeaeythony cao?aou ia eaieoaeueiua aeiaeaiey, aeioaoeee,
iia?aoeeiiiua ?anoiaeu e ae?.; ii o/?aaeaeaieyi e i?aaiecaoeeyi
iai?iecaiaenoaaiiie noa?u – cao?aou ia ca?aaioioth ieaoo, eaieoaeueiue
?aiiio e ae?. Eeanneoeeaoeey ?anoiaeia ii oeaeaaiio iacia/aieth yaeyaony
iaiaoiaeeiae aacie aeey inouanoaeaiey oeiainiaiai eiio?iey ca
eniieueciaaieai athaeaeaoiuo n?aaenoa.
Iaeiia?aiaiii n yeiiiie/aneie eeanneoeeaoeeae ?anoiaeia athaeaeaoa
ainoaea?noaa eniieuecoaony e i?aaiecaoeeiiiay eo a?oiie?iaea, a iniiaa
eioi?ie eaaeeo ?ani?aaeaeaiea anneaiiaaiee ii oeaeaaui i?ia?aiiai e
o?iaiyi oi?aaeaiey. A?oiie?iaea ?anoiaeia a ?ac?aca oeaeaauo i?ia?aii
oeacuaaao ia eiie?aoiuo iieo/aoaeae athaeaeaoiuo n?aaenoa, ioaaonoaaiiuo
ca yooaeoeaiia eniieueciaaiea auaeaeyaiuo athaeaeaoiuo ?ano?nia. A
niioaaonoaee n o?iaiai ainoaea?noaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey ?anoiaeu athaeaeaoa
ainoaea?noaa ?innee iiae?acaeaeythony ia oaaea?aeueiua, noauaeoia
oaaea?aoeee e ianoiua.
?anoiaeu athaeaeaoa ainoaea?noaa oanii acaeiinaycaiu n aai aeioiaeaie.
Yoa acaeiinaycue au?aaeaaony a eiee/anoaaiiii niioaaonoaee ?anoiaeia
aeioiaeai, a oaeaea a eo aeeyiee ae?oa ia ae?oaa. Iauai ?anoiaeia
athaeaeaoa eeieoe?oaony aeanoeeie ?aieaie iinooiathueo athaeaeaoiuo
aeioiaeia, i?e/ai iineaaeiea a naith i/a?aaeue ii?aaeaeythony
yeiiiie/aneeie aiciiaeiinoyie ainoaea?noaa. Iiyoiio i/aiue aaaeii
onoaiiaeoue oaeie iauai athaeaeaoiuo ?anoiaeia e oaeea n?iee
eniieueciaaiey athaeaeaoiuo n?aaenoa, eioi?ua iaania/eaaee au ?aoaiea
noiyueo ia?aae iauanoaii nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneeo caaea/ i?e
ieieiaeueiuo cao?aoao n iaeneiaeueiui ia?iaeiioicyenoaaiiui yooaeoii.
A athaeaeaoa i?aaeoniao?eaathony anneaiiaaiey e ia eiiiainaoeeth
iioa?ue ianaeaiey io ?inoa oeai a oneiaeyo eo eeaa?aeecaoeee. Ec
athaeaeaoa oeiaine?othony eiiieaeniua oeaeaaua i?ia?aiiu ii oeo/oaieth
oneiaee aeecie i?anoa?aeuo e eiaaeeaeia, ii io?aia naiuee, iaoa?einoaa e
aeaonoaa e o.i. Oaeay iiaeaea?aeea eneeth/eoaeueii oeaiia, eai o?aoue
ianaeaiey no?aiu iaoiaeeony naaiaeiy ca ii?iaii aaaeiinoe.
*anoue athaeaeaoiuo n?aaenoa ainoaea?noai iai?aaeyao ia iai?iio.
Aiaiiua ?anoiaeu aeiaieueii aei?iai iaoiaeyony iaeiaiieaoaeueueeo – aua
iaaeaaii ia ieo eniieueciaaeinue io 25 aei 30% aaeiaiai iaoeeiiaeueiiai
i?iaeoeoa.
Iniiaiia ianoi a cao?aoao ia iai?iio caieiaao caeoiea aii?oaeaiee e
aiaiiie oaoieee; caoai eaeoo cao?aou ii oaeouaio niaea?aeaieth a?iee e
oeioa, oeiaine?iaaieth iao/ii-enneaaeiaaoaeueneeo e
iiuoii-eiino?oeoi?neeo ?aaio inoaeueiia i?eoiaeeony ia aeieth aiaiiiai
no?ieoaeuenoaa, iainee aiaiiineoaeauei e i?i/ea ?anoiaeu.
Iauai ?anoiaeia ia iai?iio caaeneo i?aaeaea anaai io noaiaie ?aaeueiie
oa?icu aiaiiiai iaiaaeaiey; i?e aeaaii?eyoiie iaaeaeoia?iaeiie
ianoaiiaea iie nie?auathony.
?anoiaeu athaeaeaoa ia oi?aaeaiea iaoneiaeaiu auiieiaieai ainoaea?noaii
oicyenoaaiii-i?aaiecaoi?neie ooieoeee e naycaiu n iaee/eai
niaoeeoe/aneie – oi?aaeai/aneie – noa?u aeayoaeueiinoe.
?anoiaeu ia oi?aaeaiea, yaeyynue iaoa?eaeueii-oeiainiaie aacie
aeayoaeueiinoe ainoaea?noaaiiuo i?aaiia, iicaieytho ei inouanoaeyoue
?oeiaiaenoai yeiiiieeie.
?acaaeaine?iaaiiinoue ioa/anoaaiiie yeiiiieee, oyaeaeia oeiainiaia
iieiaeaiea no?aiu auaeaeioee ia ia?aue aeaoaaeeioth caaea/o – nie?auaiea
athaeaeaoiuo ?anoiaeia e iaeiia?aiaiiia iiauoaiea yooaeoeaiinoe
eniieueciaaiey athaeaeaoiuo n?aaenoa. Aeaaiay o?oaeiinoue a ?aoaiee
aeaiiie caaea/e caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi ia iooe iiae/an iaii?aaaeaiiiai
?inoa athaeaeaoiuo ?anoiaeia aua ia nicaeaii iai?aiaeieeiuo i?aiyonoaee,
a ioeaiea athaeaeaoiuo ?anoiaeia n iiceoeee eo ia?iaeiioicyenoaaiiie e
nioeeaeueiie yooaeoeaiinoe cao?oaeiaia a nayce n ionoonoaeai
iaiaoiaeeiie ii?iaoeaiie aacu. Nouanoaothuay i?aeoeea oi?ie?iaaiey
athaeaeaoa naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i oii, /oi aeinooi e ainoaea?noaaiiui
oeiainiaui ?ano?nai ana aua n?aaieoaeueii naiaiaeai, /oi nicaeaao
aiciiaeiinoe aeey iayooaeoeaiiai eniieueciaaiey athaeaeaoiuo
anneaiiaaiee.
Iaiaoiaeeia ei?aiiay ia?ano?ieea athaeaeaoiuo ioiioaiee i?aaeaea anaai
a iaoa?eaeueiii i?iecaiaenoaa, aaea athaeaeaoiia oeiaine?iaaiea neaaeoao
auno?aa caiaieoue nenoaiie noaneaee?iaaiey, i?e eioi?ie iaycaoaeueiuie
oneiaeyie i?aaeinoaaeaiey n?aaenoa aunooiaee au eiieo?niay ai?ueaa
i?aoaiaeaioia ca naie noaneaeee e ioai? aieaa yooaeoeaiuo aa?eaioia
eiaanoe?iaaiey athaeaeaoiuo n?aaenoa ia iniiaa niiinoaaeaiey
i?iaeoii-niaoiie aeieoiaioaoeee e oeiainiauo ?an/aoia.
A iai?iecaiaenoaaiiie noa?a athaeaeaoiia oeiaine?iaaiea aeieaeii oe?a
eniieueciaaoueny, n iaeiie noi?iiu, aeey iiaeaea?aeaiey aeinoeaiooiai
o?iaiy nioeeaeueii-eoeueoo?iiai ianeoaeeaaiey ianaeaiey, a n ae?oaie –
aeey aeinoeaeaiey iioeiaeueiie no?oeoo?u io?aneae n o/aoao nioeeaeueiuo
i?ei?eoaoia
?anoiaeiay /anoue athaeaeaoia iiae?acaeaeyaony ia ?anoiaeu, aeeth/aaiua
a athaeaeao oaeoueo ?anoiaeia e athaeaeao ?acaeoey.
E athaeaeaoo oaeoueo ?anoiaeia ioiinyony ?anoiaeu ia oaeouaa
niaea?aeaiea e eaieoaeueiue ?aiiio AEEO, iauaeoia io?aiu ie?oaeathuae
n?aaeu, ia?aciaaoaeueiuo o/?aaeaeaiee, o/?aaeaeaiee cae?aaiio?aiaiey e
nioeeaeueiiai iaania/aiey, iaoee, eoeueoo?u, oece/aneie eoeueoo?u e
nii?oa, n?aaenoa ianniaie eioi?iaoeee, i?aaiia ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe e
oi?aaeaiey, i?aaiia ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey e eiua ?anoiaeu, ia
aeeth/aiiua a ?anoiaeu ?acaeoey.
E athaeaeaoo ?acaeoey ioiinyony anneaiiaaiey ia eiiiaaoeeiiioth e
eiaanoeoeeiiioth aeayoaeueiinoue, naycaiioth n eaieoaeueiuie aeiaeaieyie
a nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneia ?acaeoea oa??eoi?ee, ia nianoaaiiua
yeieiae/aneea i?ia?aiiu e ia?ii?eyoey ii io?aia ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu,
eiua ?anoiaeu ia ?anoe?aiiia aini?iecaiaenoai.
Aaaeiui oneiaeai athaeaeaoii-oeiainiaie iieeoeee yaeyaony
naaeaine?iaaiiinoue athaeaeaoa, /oi icia/aao ?aaainoai aeioiaeiie e
?anoiaeiie /anoae athaeaeaoa. i?aauoaiea ?anoiaeia iaae aeioiaeaie
ninoaaeyao aeaoeoeeo athaeaeaoa. I?e iaee/ea aeaoeoeeoa athaeaeaoa
ia?aii/a?aaeiiio oeiaine?iaaieth iiaeeaaeao ?anoiaeu, aeeth/aaiua a
athaeaeao oaeoueo ?anoiaeia.
1.2 Athaeaeaoiay nenoaia e athaeaeaoiue i?ioeann ?O.
Iino?iaiea athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu no?aiu ii?aaeaeyaony aa
ainoaea?noaaiiui ono?ienoaii. Athaeaeaoiay nenoaia i?aaenoaaeyao niaie
iniiaaiioth ia yeiiiie/aneeo ioiioaieyo e th?eaee/aneeo ii?iao
niaieoiiinoue athaeaeaoia, nouanoaothueo ia oa??eoi?ee no?aiu.
Iiae athaeaeaoiui ono?ienoaii iiieiaaony i?aaiecaoeey athaeaeaoiie
nenoaiu, i?eioeeiu aa iino?iaiey, acaeiinaycue iaaeaeo ioaeaeueiuie
athaeaeaoaie e ii?yaeie ?ani?aaeaeaiey aeioiaeia e ?anoiaeia iaaeaeo
ieie. Eae i?aaeei, ?anniao?eaathony aeaa oi?iu athaeaeaoiiai ono?ienoaa:
athaeaeaoiia ono?ienoai oaaea?aoeaiuo e oieoa?iuo ainoaea?noa. A
niioaaonoaee n Eiinoeoooeeae ?O e athaeaeaoiui caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii a
athaeaeaoioth nenoaio eae naiinoiyoaeueiua /anoe aeeth/athony:
– oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao,
– athaeaeaou noauaeoia Oaaea?aoeee, e eioi?ui ioiinyony athaeaeaou
?anioaeee a ninoaaa Oaaea?aoeee, iaeanoiie athaeaeao aaoiiiiiie iaeanoe,
ie?oaeiua athaeaeaou aaoiiiiiuo ie?oaia, e?aaaua athaeaeaou e?aaa,
iaeanoiua athaeaeaou iaeanoae, ai?iaeneea athaeaeaou a.a. Iineau e
Naieo-Iaoa?ao?aa;
ianoiua athaeaeaou aaeieieno?aoeaii- oa??eoi?eaeueiuo ia?aciaaiee.
Noaia eiinieeaee?iaaiiiai athaeaeaoa ?O i?aaenoaaeaia a i?eeiaeaiee 2.
Athaeaeaoiia ono?ienoai iniiauaaaony ia oaeeo i?eioeeiao, eae
aaeeinoai, iieiioa, ?aaeueiinoue, aeaniinoue e naiinoiyoaeueiinoue anao
athaeaeaoia, aoiaeyueo a athaeaeaoioth nenoaio.
Aaeeinoai athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu iaania/eaaaony:
– aaeeiie i?aaiaie aacie;
– eniieueciaaieai aaeeiuo athaeaeaoiuo eeanneoeeaoeee;
– aaeeinoaii oi?iu athaeaeaoiie aeieoiaioaoeee;
– iaueie i?eioeeiaie athaeaeaoiiai i?ioeanna;
– aaeeinoaii aeaiaaeiie nenoaiu;
– acaeiiaeaenoaeai athaeaeaoia anao o?iaiae;
– aaeeinoaii nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneie, a oii /enea iaeiaiaie
iieeoeee.
I?eioeei iieiiou athaeaeaoiiai ono?ienoaa icia/aao, /oi a eaaeaeii
athaeaeaoa a eaaeaeie noaouea o/eouaathony ana cao?aou e iinooieaiey.
?aaeueiinoue athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu icia/aao i?aaaeeaia io?aaeaiea a
athaeaeaoa oa?aeoa?a aeioiaeia e ?anoiaeia.
Naiinoiyoaeueiinoue athaeaeaoia caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi:
– eo ooaa?aeaeatho niioaaonoaothuea i?aaenoaaeoaeueiua i?aaiu
aeanoe;
– eniieiaiea athaeaeaoia inouanoaeyaony niioaaonoaothueie
eniieieoaeueiuie i?aaiaie aeanoe;
– eaaeaeue athaeaeao eiaao nianoaaiiua enoi/ieee aeioiaeia,
?anoiaeoaiua a niioaaonoaee n oeaeyie eiie?aoiiai ?aaeiia.
I?eioeei aeaniinoe ninoieo a oii, /oi ?anniio?aiea e ooaa?aeaeaiea
athaeaeaoia e io/aoia ia eo eniieiaiee i?iecaiaeeony aeanii.
Ninoaaeyaony oaeaea eiinieeaee?iaaiiue athaeaeao, /oi icia/aao naiae
athaeaeaoia ieaeanoiyueo oa??eoi?eaeueiuo o?iaiae e athaeaeaoa
niioaaonoaothuaai iaoeeiiaeueii-ainoaea?noaaiiiai eee
aaeieieno?aoeaii-oa??eoi?eaeueiiai ia?aciaaiey, eniieuecoaiue aeey
?an/aoia e aiaeeca.
?aeiiiua athaeaeaou ?aeiiia a ai?iaea e ai?iaeneea athaeaeaou ai?iaea
ninoaaeytho eiinieeaee?iaaiiue athaeaeao ai?iaea, iacuaaaiue athaeaeaoii
ai?iaea.
Athaeaeao ?aeiia (eiinieeaee?iaaiiue) aeeth/aao a naay athaeaeaou
naeueneeo aaeieieno?aoeee, iinaeeia, ai?iaeneea athaeaeaou ?aeiiiuo
ai?iaeia, ?aniieiaeaiiuo ia oa??eoi?ee ?aeiia e ?aeiiiue athaeaeao
?aeiia.
Eiinieeaee?iaaiiue athaeaeao aaoiiiiiiai ie?oaa ninoieo ec athaeaeaoia
?aeiiia e ai?iaeia, ?aniieiaeaiiuo ia oa??eoi?ee aaoiiiiiiai ie?oaa, e
ie?oaeiiai athaeaeaoa aaoiiiiiiai ie?oaa.
Eiinieeaee?iaaiiue athaeaeao iaeanoe i?aaenoaaeyao niaie naiae
athaeaeaoia ?aeiiia, iaeanoiuo ai?iaeia, ?aniieiaeaiiuo ia oa??eoi?ee
iaeanoe, e iaeanoiiai athaeaeaoa iaeanoe.
Athaeaeaou ?aeiiia, e?aaauo ai?iaeia, ?aniieiaeaiiuo ia oa??eoi?ee
e?ay, e?aaaie athaeaeao e?ay ninoaaeytho eiinieeaee?iaaiiue athaeaeao
e?ay (athaeaeao e?ay).
Athaeaeaoiia ieaie?iaaiea – aaaeiaeoay ninoaaiay /anoue oeiainiaiai
ieaie?iaaiey; iiae/eiaii o?aaiaaieyi oeiainiaie iieeoeee ainoaea?noaa.
Yeiiiie/aneay nouiinoue athaeaeaoiiai ieaie?iaaiey ninoieo a
oeaio?aeeciaaiiii ?ani?aaeaeaiee e ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiee aaeiaiai
aioo?aiiaai i?iaeoeoa (AAI) e iaoeeiiaeueiiai aeioiaea iaaeaeo caaiueyie
oeiainiaie nenoaiu ia iniiaa iauaiaoeeiiaeueiie
nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneie i?ia?aiiu ?acaeoey no?aiu a i?ioeanna
ninoaaeaiey e eniieiaiey athaeaeaoia ?aciiai o?iaiy.
Athaeaeaoiia ieaie?iaaiea aeeth/aao athaeaeaoiue i?ioeann eae ii?yaeie
ninoaaeaiey e eniieiaiey athaeaeaoa, aai ii?iaoeaii-i?aaiaoth e
i?aaiecaoeeiiioth iniiao, a oaeaea aii?inu oai?ee e iaoiaeieiaee
ninoaaeaiey athaeaeaoia no?aiu. Iniiau athaeaeaoiiai ieaie?iaaiey
ii?aaeaeythony Eiinoeoooeeae e caeiiaie no?aiu.
A niioaaonoaee n athaeaeaoiui caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii, athaeaeaoiue
i?ioeann i?aaenoaaeyao niaie ?aaeaiaioe?iaaiioth caeiiii aeayoaeueiinoue
i?aaiia aeanoe ii ninoaaeaieth, ?anniio?aieth, ooaa?aeaeaieth e
eniieiaieth athaeaeaoia. Ninoaaiie /anoueth athaeaeaoiiai i?ioeanna
yaeyaony athaeaeaoiia ?aaoee?iaaiea, i?aaenoaaeythuaa niaie /anoe/iia
ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiea oeiainiauo ?ano?nia iaaeaeo athaeaeaoaie ?aciuo
o?iaiae, i /ai aiai?eeinue auoa.
Athaeaeaoiue i?ioeann ninoieo ec ianeieueeeo noaaeee, neeaaeuaathueony,
a naith i/a?aaeue, ec ?yaea yoaiia.
Ia ia?aie noaaeee athaeaeaoiiai i?ioeanna ninoaaeyaony i?iaeo
athaeaeaoa. Aeaiiay noaaeey aeeth/aao 4 yoaia:
Ia ia?aii yoaia ninoaaeaiey i?iaeoa athaeaeaoa i?aaenoaaeoaeueiua e
eniieieoaeueiua i?aaiu aeanoe e ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey niioaaonoaothueo
oa??eoi?ee ca 18 ianyoeaa aei ia/aea niioaaonoaothuaai oeiainiaiai aiaea
iieo/atho io auoanoiyueo eniieieoaeueiuo i?aaiia aeanoe eioi?iaoeeth ia
iniaaiiinoyo ninoaaeaiey ?an/aoia e i?iaeoai athaeaeaoia ia neaaeothuee
oeiainiaue aiae.
I?aaeoaeuenoai ?O aeiaiaeeo oaeoth eioi?iaoeeth aei i?aaenoaaeoaeueiuo
e eniieieoaeueiuo i?aaiia aeanoe noauaeoia Oaaea?aoeee, a
eniieieoaeueiua i?aaiu aeanoe noauaeoia Oaaea?aoeee – aei i?aaiia
ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey ieaeanoiyuaai o?iaiy.
Ia aoi?ii yoaia ninoaaeaiey i?iaeoa athaeaeaoa eniieieoaeueiua i?aaiu
aeanoe aaeieieno?aoeaii-oa??eoi?eaeueiuo ia?aciaaiee i?aaenoaaeytho a
auoanoiyuea eniieieoaeueiua i?aaiu aeanoe, a eniieieoaeueiua i?aaiu
aeanoe noauaeoia Oaaea?aoeee – a I?aaeoaeuenoai ?O ?an/aou aeey
iainiiaaiey ?acia?ia ii?iaoeaia io/eneaiee io ?aaoee?othueo aeioiaeia,
aeioaoeee, noaaaioeee, ia?a/iy aeioiaeia e ?anoiaeia, iiaeeaaeauea
ia?aaea/a ec auoanoiyueo athaeaeaoia e o. ae.
Yoe aeaiiua niiauathony a oii neo/aa, anee aeioiaeu athaeaeaoa ia
aaeaine?othony n ieieiaeueii iaiaoiaeeiuie ?anoiaeaie.
Ia o?aoueai yoaia ninoaaeaiey i?iaeoa athaeaeaoa auoanoiyuea i?aaiu
eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe niiauatho ieaeanoiyuei i?aaiai eiie?aoiua
aeaiiua, iaiaoiaeeiua aeey ninoaaeaiey i?iaeoa athaeaeaoa:
– i?iaeoe?oaiua ii?iaoeau (%) io/eneaiee io ?aaoee?othueo aeioiaeia;
– i aeioaoeeyo e noaaaioeeyo, iaia/aaiuo e i?aaeinoaaeaieth ec
auoanoiyuaai athaeaeaoa e eo oeaeaaiai iacia/aiey;
– ia?a/aiue e oeene?iaaiiua aeiee (a %) aeioiaeia, cae?aieaiiua ca
athaeaeaoaie ieaeanoiyueo o?iaiae;
– ia?a/aiue ?anoiaeia, ia?aaeaaaaiuo ec auoanoiyuaai athaeaeaoa.
Ia /aoaa?oii yoaia ninoaaeaiey i?iaeoa athaeaeaoa inouanoaeyaony
iaiin?aaenoaaiiia ninoaaeaiea i?iaeoa athaeaeaoa eniieieoaeueiui i?aaiii
aeanoe a niioaaonoaee n ieaiaie ?acaeoey eiie?aoiie oa??eoi?ee e
niiauaiiuie auoanoiyueie i?aaiaie iieacaoaeyie.
I?aaeoaeuenoai ?O aioiaeo i?iaeo oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa e
eiinieeaee?iaaiiiai athaeaeaoa ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee eae ninoaaiua
/anoe athaeaeaoiiai iineaiey I?aceaeaioa ?O.
Aoi?ay noaaeey athaeaeaoiiai i?ioeanna. Ia aeaiiie noaaeee
eniieieoaeueiue i?aai aeanoe eee ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey aiineo a
niioaaonoaothuee i?aai i?aaenoaaeoaeueiie aeanoe i?iaeo athaeaeaoa aeey
aai ?anniio?aiey e naieoeeiie?iaaiey athaeaeaoiuo ?anoiaeia.
Ia o?iaia ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee I?aceaeaio ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee
i?aaenoaaeyao a aunoee caeiiiaeaoaeueiue i?aai athaeaeaoiia iineaiea.
Caeai/eaaaony yoa noaaeey ?anniio?aieai i?iaeoa athaeaeaoa auianaieai
niioaaonoaothuei i?aaenoaaeoaeueiui i?aaiii aeanoe ?aoaiey i
naieoeeiie?iaaiee athaeaeaoiuo ?anoiaeia. Ia iniiaaiee yoiai ?aoaiey
eniieieoaeueiue i?aai aeanoe aei?aaaouaaao i?iaeo athaeaeaoa.
O?aouey noaaeey athaeaeaoiiai i?ioeanna caeeth/aaony a ooaa?aeaeaiee
i?iaeoa athaeaeaoa. Noaaeey ia/eiaaony ?anniio?aieai ooi/iaiiiai i?iaeoa
athaeaeaoa niioaaonoaothuei i?aaenoaaeoaeueiui i?aaiii aeanoe e
caeai/eaaaony ooaa?aeaeaieai athaeaeaoa a oi?ia caeiia eee ?aoaiey.
Ninoaaeaiea i?iaeoia athaeaeaoia e eo ooaa?aeaeaiea inouanoaeyaony a
niioaaonoaee n aaeeiie athaeaeaoiie eeanneoeeaoeeae.
Oaaea?aeueiue caeii “I oaaea?aeueiii athaeaeaoa ia 1999 aiae” io
22.02.99 ? 36-OC aue i?eiyo Ainoaea?noaaiiie Aeoiie 5.02.99 e anooiee a
neeo.
Aieaa iiae?iaii aoi?ay e o?aouey noaaeee athaeaeaoiiai i?ioeanna
i?aaenoaaeaiu Oaaea?aeueiui caeiiii “I ii?yaeea aianaiey, ?anniio?aiey
e i?eiyoey oaaea?aeueiiai caeiia “I oaaea?aeueiii athaeaeaoa ia 1999
aiae”.
Iniiaiua yoaiu i?eiyoey i?iaeoa oaaea?aeueiiai caeiia “I oaaea?aeueiii
athaeaeaoa ia 1999 aiae” i?eaiaeyony ieaea.
I?aaeoaeuenoai ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee aianei ia ?anniio?aiea
Ainoaea?noaaiiie Aeoiu Oaaea?aeueiiai Nia?aiey ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee
i?iaeo oaaea?aeueiiai caeiia “I oaaea?aeueiii athaeaeaoa ia 1999 aiae”
iaeiia?aiaiii n :
i?iaiicii nioeeaeueii – yeiiiie/aneiai ?acaeoey ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee
ia 1999 aiae;
iniiaiuie iai?aaeaieyie athaeaeaoiie e iaeiaiaie iieeoeee ia 1999 aiae;
ioeaieie niioaaonoaey i?iaiica nioeeaeueii – yeiiiie/aneiai ?acaeoey
?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee ia 1999 aiae e iniiaiuo iai?aaeaiee athaeaeaoiie
e iaeiaiaie iieeoeee ia 1999 aiae oaeoe/aneei iieacaoaeyi (ii aeaiiui ca
ia?aia iieoaiaeea 1998 aiaea);
aeaiiuie i aianaiee eciaiaiee e aeiiieiaiee a Oaaea?aeueiue caeii “I
oaaea?aeueiii athaeaeaoa ia 1997 aiae” n iiyniaieyie i?e/ei e i?iaiicii
nioeeaeueii – yeiiiie/aneeo iineaaenoaee anao oeacaiiuo eciaiaiee e
aeiiieiaiee;
i?iaiicii Naiaeiiai oeiainiaiai aaeaina ii oa??eoi?ee ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee ia 1999 aiae;
i?iaiicii eiinieeaee?iaaiiiai athaeaeaoa ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee ia 1999
aiae;
i?aaeeiaeaieyie ia iniiaiuo i?eioeeiao acaeiiioiioaiee oaaea?aeueiiai
athaeaeaoa e athaeaeaoia noauaeoia ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee a 1999 aiaeo e
niioaaonoaothueie ?an/aoaie e i?ioieieaie niaeaniaaiee (?aciiaeanee) n
noauaeoaie ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee;
i?iaeoaie oaaea?aeueiuo oeaeaauo i?ia?aii e oaaea?aeueiuo i?ia?aii
?acaeoey ?aaeiiia, i?aaeoniio?aiiuo e oeiaine?iaaieth ec oaaea?aeueiiai
athaeaeaoa ia 1999 aiae;
i?iaeoii oaaea?aeueiie aae?aniie eiaanoeoeeiiiie i?ia?aiiu ia 1999
aiae;
i?iaeoii i?ia?aiiu i?eaaoecaoeee ainoaea?noaaiiuo i?aaei?eyoee ia 1999
aiae;
?an/aoaie ii noaoueyi eeanneoeeaoeee aeioiaeia oaaea?aeueiiai
athaeaeaoa, ?acaeaeai e iiae?acaeaeai ooieoeeiiaeueiie eeanneoeeaoeee
?anoiaeia e aeaoeoeeoo oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa ia 1999 aiae;
ia?a/iai iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo aeiaiai?ia ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee,
niaea?aeaueo aa oeiainiaua iaycaoaeuenoaa ia 1999 aiae, a oii /enea
ia?aoeoeoee?iaaiiuo iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo aeiaiai?ia ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee i
ainoaea?noaaiiuo aiaoieo caeinoaiaaieyo e ainoaea?noaaiiuo e?aaeeoao, n
oeacaieai ?acia?ia oeiainiauo iaycaoaeuenoa ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee ii
eaaeaeiio ec ieo;
i?iaeoii i?ia?aiiu ainoaea?noaaiiuo aiaoieo caeinoaiaaiee ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee e i?aaeinoaaeyaiuo ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeeae ainoaea?noaaiiuo
e?aaeeoia ia 1999 aiae e i?iaeoii no?oeoo?u aiaoiaai aeieaa ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee a 1999 aiaeo ii aeaeai caaeieaeaiiinoe e n ?acaeaeie ii
ioaeaeueiui ainoaea?noaai;
i?iaeoii no?oeoo?u ainoaea?noaaiiiai aioo?aiiaai aeieaa ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee e i?iaeoii i?ia?aiiu aioo?aiieo caeinoaiaaiee,
i?aaeoniio?aiiuo a 1999 aiaeo aeey oeiaine?iaaiey aeaoeoeeoa
oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa;
i?iaeoaie i?ia?aii i?aaeinoaaeaiey aa?aioee I?aaeoaeuenoaa ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee ia 1999 aiae e io/aoii i i?aaeinoaaeaiee aa?aioee
I?aaeoaeuenoaa ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee ca enoaeoee ia?eiae 1998 aiaea;
iniiaiuie i?eioeeiaie oi?ie?iaaiey e ?anoiaeiaaiey n?aaenoa Athaeaeaoa
?acaeoey ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee e niioaaonoaothueie ?an/aoaie;
eioi?iaoeeae i i?einoaiiaea aeaenoaey oeacia I?aceaeaioa ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee, iinoaiiaeaiee e ?anii?yaeaiee I?aaeoaeuenoaa ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee, a oaeaea n caeiiii?iaeoaie i i?eciaiee oo?aoeaoeie neeo
oaaea?aeueiuo caeiiia eee i i?einoaiiaea aeaenoaey oaaea?aeueiuo
caeiiia, ?aaeecaoeey eioi?uo o?aaoao inouanoaeaiey ?anoiaeia, ia
i?aaeoniio?aiiuo i?iaeoii Oaaea?aeueiiai caeiia “I oaaea?aeueiii
athaeaeaoa ia 1999 aiae”;
ae?oaeie aeieoiaioaie e iaoa?eaeaie, i?aaeoniio?aiiuie Oaaea?aeueiui
caeiiii “I ainoaea?noaaiiii i?iaiice?iaaiee e i?ia?aiiao nioeeaeueii –
yeiiiie/aneiai ?acaeoey ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee”.
Iaeiia?aiaiii n i?iaeoii Oaaea?aeueiiai caeiia “I oaaea?aeueiii
athaeaeaoa ia 1999 aiae” I?aaeoaeuenoaii ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee auee
aianaiu a Ainoaea?noaaiioth Aeoio neaaeothuea i?iaeou oaaea?aeueiuo
caeiiia:
i aianaiee eciaiaiee e aeiiieiaiee a caeiiiaeaoaeueiua aeou ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee i iaeiaao e nai?ao;
i athaeaeaoao ainoaea?noaaiiuo aiaathaeaeaoiuo oiiaeia, ia
eiinieeaee?iaaiiuo a oaaea?aeueiii athaeaeaoa;
i aianaiee eciaiaiee e aeiiieiaiee a Oaaea?aeueiue caeii “I
athaeaeaoiie eeanneoeeaoeee ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee”.
I?aaeoaeuenoai ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee aianei ia ?anniio?aiea
Ainoaea?noaaiiie Aeoiu i?iaeo oaaea?aeueiiai caeiia i oa?eoao no?aoiauo
aciinia a ainoaea?noaaiiua aiaathaeaeaoiua oiiaeu ia 1999 aiae.
A oa/aiea nooie ni aeiy aianaiey i?iaeoa oaaea?aeueiiai caeiia “I
oaaea?aeueiii athaeaeaoa ia 1999 aiae” a Ainoaea?noaaiioth Aeoio Niaao
Ainoaea?noaaiiie Aeoiu Oaaea?aeueiiai Nia?aiey ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee
iai?aaee aai a Eiieoao Ainoaea?noaaiiie Aeoiu ii athaeaeaoo, iaeiaai,
aaieai e oeiainai (aeaeaa Eiieoao ii athaeaeaoo) aeey iiaeaioiaee
caeeth/aiey i niioaaonoaee i?aaenoaaeaiiuo aeieoiaioia e iaoa?eaeia.
Caeiiii?iaeo aei?aaaouaaeny a oa/aiee aeanyoe aeiae e aue i?aaenoaaeai
a Ainoaea?noaaiioth Aeoio I?aaeoaeuenoaii ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee.
Niaao Ainoaea?noaaiiie Aeoiu ia iniiaaiee caeeth/aiey Eiieoaoa ii
athaeaeaoo i?eiye ?aoaiea i oii, /oi i?iaeo oaaea?aeueiiai caeiia “I
oaaea?aeueiii athaeaeaoa ia 1999 aiae” i?eieiaaony e ?anniio?aieth
Ainoaea?noaaiiie Aeoiie. I?iaeo oaaea?aeueiiai caeiia “I oaaea?aeueiii
athaeaeaoa ia 1999 aiae”, aianaiiue n niaethaeaieai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa,
a oa/aiea o?ao aeiae iai?aaeeny Niaaoii Ainoaea?noaaiiie Aeoiu
I?aceaeaioo ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee, a Niaao Oaaea?aoeee Oaaea?aeueiiai
Nia?aiey ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee, eiieoaou Ainoaea?noaaiiie Aeoiu,
ae?oaei noauaeoai i?aaa caeiiiaeaoaeueiie eieoeeaoeau aeey aianaiey
caia/aiee e i?aaeeiaeaiee, a oaeaea a N/aoioth iaeaoo ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee ia caeeth/aiea.
Ioaaonoaaiiui ii i?iaeoo Oaaea?aeueiiai caeiia “I oaaea?aeueiii
athaeaeaoa ia 1999 aiae” yaeyaony Eiieoao ii athaeaeaoo.
Niaao Ainoaea?noaaiiie Aeoiu ooaa?aeaeaao eiieoaou, ioaaonoaaiiua ca
?anniio?aiea ioaeaeueiuo ?acaeaeia e iiae?acaeaeia oaaea?aeueiiai
athaeaeaoa (aeaeaa – i?ioeeueiua eiieoaou). Ii eaaeaeiio ?acaeaeo
?anoiaeia oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa aeieaeii auoue iacia/aii ia iaiaa
aeaoo ioaaonoaaiiuo eiieoaoia, iaeiei ec eioi?uo yaeyaony Eiieoao ii
athaeaeaoo.
Ioaaonoaaiiuie ca ?anniio?aiea i?iaeoia oaaea?aeueiuo caeiiia i
athaeaeaoao Iaineiiiiai oiiaea ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee, Oiiaea
nioeeaeueiiai no?aoiaaiey ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee, Ainoaea?noaaiiiai
oiiaea caiyoinoe ianaeaiey ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee, i iiauoaiee
ieieiaeueiiai ?acia?a iainee, e ii?yaeea eiaeaenaoeee e ia?a?an/aoa
ainoaea?noaaiiuo iainee, i iiauoaiee ieieiaeueiiai ?acia?a iieaou
o?oaea, i oa?eoao no?aoiauo aciinia a Iaineiiiue oiiae ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee, Ainoaea?noaaiiue oiiae caiyoinoe ianaeaiey ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee, oiiae nioeeaeueiiai no?aoiaaiey ?inneeneie oaaea?aoeee
yaeythony Eiieoao ii athaeaeaoo e Eiieoao Ainoaea?noaaiiie Aeoiu ii
o?oaeo e nioeeaeueiie iieeoeea.
Ioaaonoaaiiuie ca ?anniio?aiea i?iaeoia oaaea?aeueiuo caeiiia i
athaeaeaoa Oaaea?aeueiiai oiiaea iaycaoaeueiiai iaaeeoeeineiai
no?aoiaaiey, i oa?eoao no?aoiauo aciinia a Oaaea?aeueiue e
oa??eoi?eaeueiua oiiaeu iaycaoaeueiiai iaaeeoeeineiai no?aoiaaiey
yaeythony Eiieoao ii athaeaeaoo e Eiieoao Ainoaea?noaaiiie Aeoiu ii
io?aia caei?iauey.
Ioaaonoaaiiuie ca ?anniio?aiea aii?inia, naycaiiuo n oaaea?aeueiuie
oeaeaauie i?ia?aiiaie, yaeythony Eiieoao ii athaeaeaoo e Eiieoao
Ainoaea?noaaiiie Aeoiu ii i?iiuoeaiiinoe, no?ieoaeuenoao, o?ainii?oo e
yia?aaoeea.
Aeey iaania/aiey iaiaoiaeeiie noaiaie eiioeaeaioeeaeueiinoe
?anniio?aiey ioaeaeueiuo ?acaeaeia e iiae?acaeaeia ?anoiaeia
oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa e enoi/ieeia iie?uoey aeaoeoeeoa
oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa Ainoaea?noaaiiay Aeoia ooaa?aeaeaao
ia?niiaeueiue ninoaa ?aai/eo a?oii, /eaiu eioi?uo ianoo ioaaonoaaiiinoue
ca nio?aiaiea ainoaea?noaaiiie oaeiu a niioaaonoaee n
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii.
Ainoaea?noaaiiay Aeoia ?anniio?aea i?iaeo oaaea?aeueiiai caeiia “I
oaaea?aeueiii athaeaeaoa ia 1999 aiae” a /aou?ao /oaieyo.
Ainoaea?noaaiiie Aeoiie a ia?aii /oaiee auee i?eiyou i?iaeou
oaaea?aeueiuo caeiiia i aianaiee eciaiaiee e aeiiieiaiee a
caeiiiaeaoaeueiua aeou ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee i iaeiaao e nai?ao, a
oaeaea i oa?eoao no?aoiauo aciinia a ainoaea?noaaiiua aiaathaeaeaoiua
oiiaeu ia 1999 aei ooaa?aeaeaiey iniiaiuo oa?aeoa?enoee oaaea?aeueiiai
athaeaeaoa ia 1999 aiae, oaaea?aeueiua caeiiu i athaeaeaoao
ainoaea?noaaiiuo aiaathaeaeaoiuo oiiaeia, i iiauoaiee ieieiaeueiiai
?acia?a iainee, ii?yaeea eiaeaenaoeee e ia?a?an/aoa ainoaea?noaaiiuo
iainee, i iiauoaiee ieieiaeueiiai ?acia?a iieaou o?oaea.
Ainoaea?noaaiiay Aeoia i?e ?anniio?aiee i?iaeoa ai aoi?ii /oaiee
ooaa?aeeea ?anoiaeu oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa ii ?acaeaeai
ooieoeeiiaeueiie eeanneoeeaoeee a i?aaeaeao iauaai iauaia ?anoiaeia
oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa, ooaa?aeaeaiiiai a ia?aii /oaiee, ?acia?
Oaaea?aeueiiai oiiaea oeiainiaie iiaeaea?aeee noauaeoia ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee e ?ani?aaeaeaiea aai n?aaenoa ii noauaeoai ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee.
Ainoaea?noaaiiay Aeoia i?e ?anniio?aiee a o?aoueai /oaiee oeacaiiiai
caeiiii?iaeoa ?anniio?aea ?anoiaeu oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa ii
iiae?acaeaeai ooieoeeiiaeueiie eeanneoeeaoeee, anai o?iaiyi
aaaeiinoaaiiie eeanneoeeaoeee, oaaea?aeueiui oeaeaaui i?ia?aiiai,
Oaaea?aeueiie aae?aniie eiaanoeoeeiiiie i?ia?aiia ia 1999 aiae a
i?aaeaeao ?anoiaeia, ooaa?aeaeaiiuo ii ?acaeaeai oaaea?aeueiiai
athaeaeaoa ai aoi?ii /oaiee; ia?a/aiue caueuaiiuo noaoae oaaea?aeueiiai
athaeaeaoa, i?ia?aiiu i?aaeinoaaeaiey aa?aioee I?aaeoaeuenoaa ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee ia 1999 aiae, i?ia?aiiu i?aaeinoaaeaiey n?aaenoa
oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa ia aica?aoiie iniiaa ii eaaeaeiio aeaeo
?anoiaeia, i?ia?aiio ainoaea?noaaiiuo aiaoieo caeinoaiaaiee ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee e i?aaeinoaaeaiey ainoaea?noaaiiuo e?aaeeoia ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeeae eiino?aiiui ainoaea?noaai ia 1999 aiae.
Ia ieaia?iii canaaeaiee Ainoaea?noaaiiie Aeoiu i?e ?anniio?aiee i?iaeoa
oaaea?aeueiiai caeiia “I oaaea?aeueiii athaeaeaoa ia 1999 aiae” a
o?aoueai /oaiee ?anniio?aee o?e aeiea iii?aaie:
iii?aaee, iiaeaea?aeaiiua Eiieoaoii ii athaeaeaoo e niioaaonoaothuei
i?ioeeueiui eiieoaoii Ainoaea?noaaiiie Aeoiu;
iii?aaee, ioeeiiaiiua Eiieoaoii ii athaeaeaoo e niioaaonoaothuei
i?ioeeueiui eiieoaoii Ainoaea?noaaiiie Aeoiu;
iii?aaee, iiaeaea?aeaiiua iaeiei eiieoaoii e ioeeiiaiiua ae?oaei
eiieoaoii Ainoaea?noaaiiie Aeoiu.
Iauay noiia anneaiiaaiee ii iii?aaeai, iiaeaea?aeaiiui eiieoaoaie
Ainoaea?noaaiiie Aeoiu, ia aeieaeia i?aauoaoue noiio ?anoiaeia ii
niioaaonoaothuaio ?acaeaeo ooieoeeiiaeueiie eeanneoeeaoeee ?anoiaeia
oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa. Iii?aaee, ii eioi?ui eiathony ?aciiaeaney,
auiinyony ia aieiniaaiea ia ieaia?iii canaaeaiee Ainoaea?noaaiiie Aeoiu.
I?e ?anniio?aiee oeacaiiiai caeiiii?iaeoa a /aoaa?oii /oaiee
?anniio?aee iii?aaee e caeiiii?iaeoo, a oaeaea iieaa?oaeueiia
?ani?aaeaeaiea aeioiaeia, ?anoiaeia e aeaoeoeeoa oaaea?aeueiiai
athaeaeaoa.
Ia ieaia?iii canaaeaiee Ainoaea?noaaiiie Aeoiu nia/aea ?anniao?eaathony
iii?aaee e oeacaiiiio caeiiii?iaeoo, ooaa?aeaeaaony iieaa?oaeueiia
?ani?aaeaeaiea aeioiaeia, ?anoiaeia e aeaoeoeeoa oaaea?aeueiiai
athaeaeaoa, a caoai oeacaiiue caeiiii?iaeo noaaeony ia aieiniaaiea a
oeaeii.
I?eiyoue Ainoaea?noaaiiie Aeoiie Oaaea?aeueiue caeii “I oaaea?aeueiii
athaeaeaoa ia 1999 aiae” a niioaaonoaee ni noaoueae 105 Eiinoeoooeee
?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee a oa/aiea iyoe aeiae ni aeiy aai i?eiyoey aue
ia?aaeai ia ?anniio?aiea Niaaoa Oaaea?aoeee, eioi?ue iaeia?ee i?eiyoea
caeiia.
Oaaea?aeueiue caeii “I oaaea?aeueiii athaeaeaoa ia 1999 aiae”
onoaiiaee a ea/anoaa iniiaiuo oeaeae yeiiiie/aneie iieeoeee ia 1999
aiae:
i?aiaeieaiea iineaaenoaee i?ienoaaeoaai a 1998 aiaeo oeiainiaiai
e?ecena, iiaeaea?aeaiea o?iaiy aeecie ianaeaiey e iaania/aiea
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey ?aaeueiiai naeoi?a yeiiiieee;
i?ae?auaiea niaaea yeiiiieee e iaania/aiea yeiiiie/aneiai ?inoa ai
aoi?ii iieoaiaeee 1999 aiaea;
noaaeeecaoeeth e?aaeeoii – aeaiaaeiie nenoaiu e eo?na ?oaey;
nieaeaiea iaeiaiaie iaa?ocee, nicaeaiea eueaioiuo oneiaee aeey
i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai eiaanoe?iaaiey, iiauoaiea o?iaiy niae?aaiinoe
iaeiaia;
inouanoaeaiea ?ano?oeoo?ecaoeee ainoaea?noaaiiiai aeieaa ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee n o/aoii aeinoeaioouo aeiaiai?aiiinoae n e?aaeeoi?aie;
ieieiecaoeeth ainoaea?noaaiiuo caeinoaiaaiee ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee ia
oeiainiauo ?uieao e nie?auaiea aeaoeoeeoa oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa;
nieaeaiea iaieaoaaeae, nie?auaiea ia aeaiaaeiuo oi?i ?an/aoia, a oii
/enea n eniieueciaaieai aa?oa?a;
iieiiianooaaiue ia?aoiae ia eacia/aeneoth nenoaio eniieiaiey
oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa, ia?aoiae ia yoo nenoaio eniieiaiey
athaeaeaoia noauaeoia ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee, ianoiuo athaeaeaoia,
athaeaeaoia ainoaea?noaaiiuo aiaathaeaeaoiuo oiiaeia;
iieiia eniieiaiea ainoaea?noaii naieo iaycaoaeuenoa, i?aaeoniio?aiiuo
oaaea?aeueiui athaeaeaoii;
iaania/aiea i?aauoaiey aeioiaeia oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa ia 1999 aiae
iaae aai ?anoiaeaie (ca eneeth/aieai ?anoiaeia ia ianeoaeeaaiea
ainoaea?noaaiiiai aeieaa ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee) a noiia ia iaiaa 65,5
ie?ae. ?oaeae, eee 1,64 i?ioeaioa aaeiaiai aioo?aiiaai i?iaeoeoa.
Oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao ia 1999 aiae aue ooaa?aeaeai ii ?anoiaeai a
noiia 575 046,6 iei. ?oaeae e ii aeioiaeai a noiia 473 676,1 iei. ?oaeae
enoiaey ec i?iaiice?oaiiai iauaia aaeiaiai aioo?aiiaai i?iaeoeoa a noiia
4 000 ie?ae. ?oaeae e o?iaiy eioeyoeee 30,0 i?ioeaioa (aeaeaa?ue 1999
aiaea e aeaeaa?th 1998 aiaea).
I?aaeaeueiue ?acia? aeaoeoeeoa oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa ia 1999 aiae
aue onoaiiaeai a noiia 101 370,5 iei. ?oaeae, eee 2,54 i?ioeaioa iauaia
aaeiaiai aioo?aiiaai i?iaeoeoa.
*aoaa?oay noaaeey athaeaeaoiiai i?ioeanna – eniieiaiea athaeaeaoa –
?aaia athaeaeaoiiio aiaeo e aeeeony n 1 yiaa?y aei 31 aeaeaa?y.
Eniieiaiea athaeaeaoa caeeth/aaony a iaania/aiee iieiiai e
naiaa?aiaiiiai iinooieaiey i?aaeoniio?aiiuo athaeaeaoii aeioiaeia e a
oeiaine?iaaiee niioaaonoaothueo ia?ii?eyoee.
Iia?aoeaiia eniieiaiea athaeaeaoia inouanoaeyaony ii oaeiio aeieoiaioo
eae athaeaeaoiay ?inienue. ?inienue aeioiaeia e ?anoiaeia ii
oaaea?aeueiiio athaeaeaoo e athaeaeaoai noauaeoia Oaaea?aoeee
ooaa?aeaeaaony niioaaonoaothueie ieienoa?noaaie oeiainia, a athaeaeaoiay
?inienue ii eiui athaeaeaoai – ?oeiaiaeeoaeyie oeiainiauo i?aaiia.
A i?ioeanna iia?aoeaiiai eniieiaiey athaeaeaoa niioaaonoaothuee
eniieieoaeueiue i?aai i?eieiaao ia?u e iinooieaieth caieaie?iaaiiuo
aeioiaeia, eiio?iee?oao eo iinooieaiea, i?iaa?yao i?aaeeueiinoue
?anoiaeiaaiey athaeaeaoiuo n?aaenoa, aaaeao o/ao e ninoaaeyao
io/aoiinoue ii eniieiaieth athaeaeaoia.
A aeaeaa?a 1992 aiaea Oeacii I?aceaeaioa ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee a
no?oeoo?a Ieienoa?noaa oeiainia ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee auei nicaeaii
Oaaea?aeueiia eacia/aenoai, iniiaiie ooieoeeae eioi?iai yaeyaony
eanniaia eniieiaiea athaeaeaoa. Aei 1992 aiaea aeaiiay ooieoeey auea
aiceiaeaia ia Oeaio?iaaie ?O. Ia ianoao yoo ooieoeeth auiieiyee
oeeeaeueiay naoue Oeaio?iaaiea niaianoii n eiiia?/aneeie aaieaie. A
aeaeo iaee/ey ceioiio?aaeaiee a noa?a eniieueciaaiey iaoiaeyueony ia
aaieianeeo n/aoao athaeaeaoiuo n?aaenoa auei i?eiyoi ?aoaiea i ia?aaea/a
ooieoeee eanniaiai ianeoaeeaaiey athaeaeaoa Oaaea?aeueiiio Eacia/aenoao.
Aaeeiay oeaio?aeeciaaiiay nenoaia i?aaiia oaaea?aeueiiai eacia/aenoaa
ninoieo ec Aeaaiiai oi?aaeaiey oaaea?aeueiiai eacia/aenoaa e
iiae/eiaiiuo aio oa??eoi?eaeueiuo i?aaiia oaaea?aeueiiai eacia/aenoaa.
Ia i?aaiu Oaaea?aeueiiai eacia/aenoaa (aeaeaa OE) aiceiaeaii auiieiaiea
neaaeothueo caaea/:
– i?aaiecaoeey, inouanoaeaiea e eiio?ieue ca eniieiaieai
oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa
– oi?aaeaiea aeioiaeaie e ?anoiaeaie oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa ia
n/aoao eacia/aenoaa a aaieao, enoiaey ec i?eioeeia aaeeinoaa eannu;
– ?aaoee?iaaiea oeiainiauo ioiioaiee iaaeaeo oaaea?aeueiui
athaeaeaoii e ainoaea?noaaiiuie (oaaea?aeueiuie) aiaathaeaeaoiuie
oiiaeaie, eniieiaiea yoeo oiiaeia, eiio?ieue ca aiaathaeaeaoiuie
(oaaea?aeueiuie) n?aaenoaaie;
– nai?, ia?aaioea e aiaeec eioi?iaoeee i ninoiyiee ainoaea?noaaiiuo
oeiainia, i?aaenoaaeaiea aunoei caeiiiaeaoaeueiui e eniieieoaeueiui
i?aaiai ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe e oi?aaeaiey ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee
io/aoiinoe i oeiainiauo iia?aoeeyo I?aaeoaeuenoaa no?aiu ii
oaaea?aeueiiio athaeaeaoo, i ainoaea?noaaiiuo (oaaea?aeueiuo)
aiaathaeaeaoiuo oiiaeao, a oaeaea i ninoiyiee athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu
?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee;
– oi?aaeaiea e ianeoaeeaaiea niaianoii n Oeaio?aeueiui aaieii
?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee e ae?oaeie oiieiiii/aiiuie aaieaie
ainoaea?noaaiiiai aiaoiaai e aioo?aiiaai aeieaa ?O.
– ?ac?aaioea iaoiaeieiae/aneeo e eino?oeoeaiuo iaoa?eaeia, ii?yaeea
aaaeaiey o/aoiuo iia?aoeee ii aii?inai, ioiinyueiny e eiiiaoaioeee
eacia/aenoaa, iaycaoaeueiuo aeey i?aaiia ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe e
oi?aaeaiey i?aaei?eyoee, o/?aaeaeaiee e i?aaiecaoeee, aeeth/ay
i?aaiecaoeee, ?anii?yaeathueany n?aaenoaaie ainoaea?noaaiiuo
(oaaea?aeueiuo) aiaathaeaeaoiuo oiiaeia, iiaeaioiaea i?iaeoa
athaeaeaoiie eeanneoeeaoeee, aaaeaiea iia?aoeee ii o/aoo
ainoaea?noaaiiie eaciu ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee.
Aeey ?aaeecaoeee noiyueo oeaeae e caaea/ i?aaiu Oaaea?aeueiiai
eacia/aenoaa iaaeaeaiu ?yaeii iieiiii/ee, n?aaee eioi?uo iiaeii iacaaoue
neaaeothuea:
– i?iecaiaeeoue a ieienoa?noaao, aaaeiinoaao, ia i?aaei?eyoeyo,
i?iaa?ee aeaiaaeiuo aeieoiaioia, naycaiiuo n eniieueciaaieai n?aaenoa
oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa;
– i?einoaiaaeeaaoue iia?aoeee ii n/aoai i?aaei?eyoee,
o/?aaeaeaiee e i?aaiecaoeee, eniieuecothuea n?aaenoaa oaaea?aeueiiai
athaeaeaoa;
– iieo/aoue io aaieia e eiuo oeiainiauo o/?aaeaeaiee ni?aaee i
ninoiyiee n/aoia i?aaei?eyoee, o/?aaeaeaiee e i?aaiecaoeee,
eniieuecothueo n?aaenoaa oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa e aiaathaeaeaoiuo
oiiaeia;
– iaeaaaoue oo?ao a neo/aa ianaiaa?aiaiiiai ca/eneaiey n?aaenoa a
aeioiae athaeaeaoa e ae?oaea iieiiii/ey.
A yiaa?a 1995 aiaea i?eiyo Caeii ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee “I N/aoiie
iaeaoa ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee”, yaeythuaeny iinoiyiii aeaenoaothuei
i?aaiii ainoaea?noaaiiiai oeiainiaiai eiio?iey, ia?acoaiui Oaaea?aeueiui
nia?aieai ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee e iiaeio/aoiui aio.
Iniiaiuie caaea/aie N/aoiie iaeaou yaeythony :
– i?aaiecaoeey e inouanoaeaiea eiio?iey ca naiaa?aiaiiui eniieiaieai
aeioiaeiuo e ?anoiaeiuo noaoae oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa e athaeaeaoia
oaaea?aeueiuo aiaathaeaeaoiuo oiiaeia ii iauaiai, no?oeoo?a e oeaeaaiio
iacia/aieth;
– ii?aaeaeaiea oeaeaniia?aciinoe ?anoiaeia ainoaea?noaaiiuo n?aaenoa e
eniieueciaaiea oaaea?aeueiie nianoaaiiinoe;
– ioeaiea iainiiaaiiinoe aeioiaeiuo e ?anoiaeiuo noaoae i?iaeoia
oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa e athaeaeaoia oaaea?aeueiuo aiaathaeaeaoiuo
oiiaeia;
– oeiainiaay yenia?oeca i?iaeoia oaaea?aeueiuo caeiiia, eiuo
ii?iaoeaiuo aeoia, i?aaeoniao?eaathueo ?anoiaeu, iie?uaaaiua ca n/ao
athaeaeaoa;
– aiaeec auyaeaiiuo ioeeiiaiee io onoaiiaeaiiuo iieacaoaeae
athaeaeaoa;
– eiio?ieue ca caeiiiinoueth e naiaa?aiaiiinoueth aeaeaeaiey n?aaenoa
athaeaeaoa a Oeaio?aeueiii Aaiea ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee, oiieiiii/aiiuo
aaieao e eiuo oeiainiai-e?aaeeoiuo o/?aaeaeaiee ?inneeneie
oaaea?aoeee;
– ?aaoey?iia i?aaenoaaeaiea iaeaoai ia?eaiaioa eioi?iaoeee i oiaea
eniieiaiey oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa.
Iyoie e iineaaeiae noaaeeae athaeaeaoiiai i?ioeanna yaeyaony noaaeey
?anniio?aiey e ooaa?aeaeaiey io/aoa ia eniieiaiee athaeaeaoa
niioaaonoaothuei i?aaenoaaeoaeueiui i?aaiii aeanoe.
Io/ao ia eniieiaiee athaeaeaoa aioiayo eniieieoaeueiua i?aaiu
oi?aaeaiey e i?aaenoaaeytho eo ia ooaa?aeaeaiea niioaaonoaothuei i?aaiai
i?aaenoaaeoaeueiie aeanoe.
1.3 Oa?aeoa?enoeea Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay.
Oaaa?ianeee e?ae ia c?y iacuaatho na?aeoeaaeiie anaai Aeaeueiaai
Ainoiea. ?aniieiaeaiiue a oeaio?a Aeaeueiaainoi/iiai yeiiiie/aneiai
?aeiia, e?ae yaeyaony ia?ana/aieai aaaeiaeoeo o?ainii?oiuo iooae,
naycuaathueo aioo?aiiea ?aeiiu ?innee ni no?aiaie aannaeia Oeoiai
ieaaia.
Oaaa?ianeee e?ae – iaeii ec naiuo e?oiiuo ii ?acia?ai aaeieieno?aoeaii
– oa??eoi?eaeueiuo ia?aciaaiee a ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee. Aai ieiuaaeue –
788.6 oun. ea. ei (a 2.1 ?aca aieueoa ssiiiee), /oi ninoaaeyao 4.5%
oa??eoi?ee ?innee, 12.7% Aeaeueiaainoi/iiai yeiiiie/aneiai ?aeiia.
E?ae i?inoe?aaony n naaa?a ia tha ia 1800 ei, iaeaieueoay
i?ioyaeaiiinoue n caiaaea ia ainoie 700 ei, iaeiaiueoay – 130 ei.
Oa??eoi?ey e?ay ia naaa?a ionoieo ia 430 ei io Naaa?iiai iiey?iiai
e?oaa, a aai thaeiay oi/ea iaoiaeeony ia ia?aeeaee, i?ioiaeyuae a 110 ei
io naaa?iie ieiia/iinoe ino?iaa Oieeaeaei.
Oaaa?ianeee e?ae caieiaao auaiaeiia yeiiiieei-aaia?aoe/aneia
iieiaeaiea. Ii ?aniieiaeai a oeaio?a Aeaeueiaainoi/iiai yeiiiie/aneiai
?aeiia, eiaao iauea a?aieoeu n ?anioaeeeie Naoa (sseooeae), Aa?aeneie
aaoiiiiiie iaeanoueth, I?eii?neei e?aai, Aio?neie e Iaaaaeaineie
iaeanoyie, Oaoa?neee i?ieea ioaeaeyao aai io Naoaeeia, a Ioioneia ii?a –
io Eai/aoneie iaeanoe. Ii i?ioiea Eacaeaae/aaa e ?aea Onno?e ia
i?ioyaeaiee 265 ei i?ioiaeeo a?aieoea e?ay n EI?. *a?ac oa??eoi?eth
Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay i?ioiaeyo O?ainneae?neay, Aaeeaei – Aio?neay
aeaeaciiaei?iaeiua iaaeno?aee e aaeaeeiee, niaaeeiythuea aioo?aiiea
?aeiiu no?aiu n oeoiieaaineeie ii?oaie e iaania/eaathuea iaee?ao/aeoea
ia?o?oou ec Caiaaeiie Aa?iiu e Aeeaeiaai Ainoiea a no?aiu Aceaonei –
Oeoiieaaineiai aannaeia; Aio?neee aiaeiue iooue aeaao auoiae ?inneeneiai
I?eaio?uey a ii?y Oeoiai ieaaia e a Naaa?i – Ainoi/iue Eeoae. A e?aa
i?iaeeaaao ieiei 1557 ouny/ /aeiaae, /oi ninoaaeyao 1,1 i?ioeaioa io
/eneaiiinoe ianaeaiey ?innee. Ia i?ioyaeaiee iiiaeo eao /eneaiiinoue
ianaeaiey e?ay aaeaaiaeii oaaee/eaaeanue, ii ia/eiay n 1992 aiaea, yoa
oaiaeaioeey niaieeanue ia i?ioeaiiieiaeioth a ?acoeueoaoa nieaeaiey
iea?aoeeiiiie aeoeaiinoe e nie?auaiey anoanoaaiiiai aini?iecaiaenoaa
ianaeaiey.
A e?aa ian/eouaaaony 17 ?aeiiia, 7 ai?iaeia, 31 iinaeie ai?iaeneiai
oeia, 534 naeueneeo ianaeaiiuo ioieoia. 68.3% anaai ianaeaiey e?ay
i?iaeeaaao a ai?iaeao. Ii /eneaiiinoe ianaeaiey a.Oaaa?iane (615,3
oun./ae) caieiaao ia Aeaeueiai Ainoiea aoi?ia ianoi ( iinea
a.Aeaaeeainoiea ), a a.Eiiniiieuene-ia-Aio?a – o?aouea (300,4 oun.
/ae).
Ai?iaeneia ianaeaiea, n o/aoii ?aai/eo iinaeeia, ninoaaeyao aieaa 80
i?ioeaioia. Naiuie e?oiiuie ai?iaeaie a e?aa ii /eneaiiinoe ianaeaiey
yaeythony Oaaa?iane (aoi?ie ia Aeaeueiai Ainoiea iinea Aeaaeeainoiea) e
Eiiniiieuene-ia-Aio?a. A n?aaeiai ia iaeiii eaaae?aoiii eeeiiao?a
oa??eoi?ee i?iaeeaaao aeaa /aeiaaea, /oi a 4,4 ?aca iaiueoa, /ai a
n?aaeiai ii ?innee. A iaoeeiiaeueiii ninoaaa ianaeaiey i?aiaeaaeatho
?onneea (86,4%). Oe?aeioeu ninoaaeytho 6,1%, ia?iaeiinoe Naaa?a -1,4%,
aaei?onu -1,1%, oaoa?u-1,0%. N?aaee iaei/eneaiiuo ia?iaeiinoae Naaa?a
iaiaeoeaa – 10,5 oun. /aeiaae, 3,7- yaaiee, 2,7 – oeue/e, 2,4 – ieaoe,
1,9 – yaaiu. Ethaee o?oaeiniiniaiiai aic?anoa ninoaaeytho 62% ianaeaiey
e?ay, a noa?oa o?oaeiniiniaiiai – 16%. N?aaeiee aic?ano aeeoaeae e?ay –
31,2 aiaea. Oaaa?ianeee e?ae yaeyaony iaeaieaa ?acaeoie a i?iiuoeaiiii
ioiioaiee oa??eoi?eae Aeaeueiaai Ainoiea. A e?aa i?iecaiaeeony 29%
i?iiuoeaiiie i?iaeoeoeee Aeaeueiaainoi/iiai yeiiiie/aneiai ?aeiia
(AeAY?). Ii iauaio auionea i?iaeoeoeee i?iiuoeaiiinoe, e?ae caieiaao a
yeiiiie/aneii ?aeiia ia?aia ianoi, i?aainoiaey iaeiia?aiaiii ana
ae?oaea aaeieieno?aoeaii – oa??eoi?eaeueiua ia?aciaaiey AeAY?. A
i?iiuoeaiiinoe Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay i?aiaeaaeaao oyaeaeay eiaeono?ey:
iaoeiino?iaiea, /a?iay iaoaeeo?aey; io?anee, caiyoua aeiau/ae e
ia?a?aaioeie iniiaiuo i?e?iaeiuo aiaaonoa e?ay – eaniay,
aea?aaiia?aaaouaathuay, oeaeetheicii-aoiaaeiay, a oaeaea
iaooaia?a?aaaouaathuay e oeie/aneay i?iiuoeaiiinoue, oeaaoiay
iaoaeeo?aey. A e?aa i?iecaiaeeony aanue iauai noaee, i?ieaoa,
ia?a?aaioee iaooe, cia/eoaeueiay /anoue caaioiaie eana, i?iaeoeoeee
iaoeiino?iaiey, oeaeetheicu AeAY?. Ii iiiaei aeaeai i?iaeoeoeee
i?iiuoeaiiinoue e?ay auaeaeyaony ia oieueei ia Aeaeueiai Ainoiea, ii e
a ?innee (iai?eia?, ii aeiau/a ieiaa, auioneo eeoaeiuo iaoei,
i?iecaiaenoao eaniie i?iaeoeoeee ). I?iiuoeaiiinoue e?ay ?aaioaao ia
oieueei ia ioaeaeu Aeaeueiaai Ainoiea, ii e iinoaaeyao naith
i?iaeoeoeeth a ae?oaea ?aeiiu ?innee, no?aiu NIA e ia yenii?o. A oeaeii
auaiceony ieiei 1/4 i?iecaiaeeiie i?iiuoeaiiie i?iaeoeoeee, a
yenii?oe?oaony – aieaa 5%.
O?ainii?o – iaeia ec aaaeoueo io?aneae oicyenoaaiiiai eiiieaena
Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay – i?aaenoaaeaia i?aeoe/anee anaie aeaeaie.
Ii oa??eoi?ee e?ay i?ioiaeyo aeaa aeaeaciiaei?iaeiua a?oa?ee
iauaainoaea?noaaiiiai cia/aiey, naycuaathuea ainoi/iua e caiaaeiua
?aeiiu no?aiu – O?ainneae?neay e Aaeeaei-Aio?neay iaaeno?aee. Iaaeaeo
iaoa?eeiaie naoueth aeaeaciuo aei?ia e i.Naoaeei aeaenoaoao ia?iiiay
ia?ai?aaa Aaieii – Oieine ( 270 ei ). Iauay i?ioyaeaiiinoue aeaeaciuo
aei?ia, ninoaaeyao 2.3 oun.ei eee aieaa 1/4 /anoe naoe
aeaeueiaainoi/iuo aei?ia. Ii iei inouanoaeyaony aieaa 80% a?ociiaiaia
e?ay ni anaie ?aeiiaie no?aiu e auiieiyaony 72% ia?aaicie a?ocia ai
aioo?e?aaeiiaeueiuo niiauaieyo.
Aaaeoony ?aaiou ii ?aeiino?oeoeee iineaaeiaai iaeiiiooiiai caaia
O?ainneae?neie iaaeno?aee- iinoiaiai ia?aoiaea /a?ac ?.Aio? o
a.Oaaa?ianea aeeeiie 2617 iao?ia.
Iauay i?ioyaeaiiinoue eniieuecoaiuo ?a/iuo iooae ( ?aee Aio?,
Onno?e, Aiaoiue, Ooiaonea, Iay ) aieaa 3.2 oun.ei. Iniiaiay /anoue
a?ociiai?ioa ?a/iiai o?ainii?oa i?eoiaeeony ia e?oiiua Oaaa?ianeee e
Eiiniiieueneee-ia-Aio?a ii?ou. Noaeaie niaoaiiiai “?aea-ii?a” ieaaaiey
inouanoaeythony iinoaaee a?ocia a i?yiuo aiaeiuo niiauaieyo ec ?a/iuo
Aio?neeo ii?oia ia naaa? e?ay e a Naoaeeineoth, Aio?neea iaeanoe,
i?ea?aaeiua ioieou I?eii?uey e Iaaaaeaineie iaeanoe.
Iniiaiui ii?neei ii?oii Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay yaeyaony Aaieii. Ii iauaio
a?ociiai?ioa ( nauoa 10 iei. oiii a aiae ) ii caieiaao o?aouea ianoi
n?aaee ii?oia Aeaeueiaai Ainoiea. Aaeaaiaeii ii?o ia?aaaouaaao 3.5 oun.
noaeia e 170 oun. aaaiiia. A ii?oo eiaaony iia?oci/iue eiiieaen ii
ia?a?aaioea e?oiiioiiiaaeiuo eiioaeia?ia iiuiinoueth 500 oun. oiii a
aiae. A ninoaa ii?oa aoiaeeo ii?neay aeaeaciiaei?iaeiay ia?ai?aaa Aaieii
– Oieine.
Ae?oaea ii?neea ii?ou iaoiaeyony a a. Ieeieaaanea-ia-Aio?a, i. Ioione,
Eaca?aai e Aea-Eano?e. Iiaue ii?neie oi?aiaue ii?o ioe?uo a 1993 a. a
a.Niaaoneay Aaaaiue.
A e?aa eiaaony 38 ay?iii?oia, ec 36 ioiinyony e ianoiui aicaeooiui
eeieyi, iaeiaei oieueei 6 ay?iii?oia eiatho iieinu e?oaeiaiaee/iiai
aeaenoaey, 31 ay?iii?o n a?oioiaui iie?uoeai, 21 ec ieo ?ann/eoai
oieueei aeey i?eaia naiieaoia oeia AI – 2 e aa?oieaoia. Naiieaoaie
Aeaeueiaainoi/iiai ?aaeiiaeueiiai oi?aaeaiey aicaeooiiai o?ainii?oa
aaeaaiaeii ia?aaiceony aieaa 2 iei. iannaaee?ia e ieiei 30 oun. oiii
a?ocia.
Aicaeooiua ia?aaicee ia aioo?aiieo eeieyo a iniiaiii inouanoaeythony
/a?ac aeaaiue ay?iii?o e?ay – Oaaa?ianeee. Ionthaea iieiaeaiu ia?o?oou,
naycuaathuea Oaaa?iane aieaa /ai n 40 ai?iaeaie ?innee e no?ai NIA.
Oaaa?ianeee ay?iii?o yaeyaony oaeaea aaaeouei ia Aeaeueiai Ainoiea
iaaeaeoia?iaeiui ay?iii?oii.
Aaoiiiaeeueiui o?ainii?oii iauaai iieueciaaiey a e?aa aaeaaiaeii
ia?aaiceony ieiei 13.1 iei. oiii a?ocia e nauoa 260 iei. iannaaee?ia.
Aaoiiiaeeueiay naoue ?acaeoa neaai, nin?aaeioi/aia, a iniiaiii a thaeiie
/anoe e?ay. Ai?iae Ieeieaaane – ia – Aio?a ia eiatho aaoiaei?iaeiie
nayce n e?aaaui oeaio?ii. Iauay i?ioyaeaiiinoue naoe ninoaaeyao 12.2
oun. ei, ec ieo 6.4 oun. ei – aioo?eoicyenoaaiiua aei?iae.
I?ioyaeaiiinoue aaoiiiaeeueiuo aei?ia iauaai iieueciaaiey ninoaaeyao
4.3 oun. ei, a oii /enea n oaa?aeui iie?uoeai 3.2 oun. ei.
Aeaaiua aaoiiaaeno?aee: aei?iae oaaea?aeueiiai iacia/aiey:
“Aio?” ( *eoa – Oaaa?iane ) e “Onno?e” ( Oaaa?iane – Aeaaeeainoie ) e
aei?iae Oaaa?iane – Eiiniiieuene-ia-Aio?a n iinoiaui ia?aoiaeii /a?ac
?.Aio? o a.Eiiniiieuenea, Oaaa?iane – Ae?iaeaeaeai.
A aaeieieno?aoeaiii ioiioaiee e?ae aeaeeony ia 17 ?aeiiia.
Naiinoiyoaeueiu a aaeieieno?aoeaiii ioiioaiee ai?iaea Oaaa?iane e
Eiiniiieuene-ia-Aio?a.
Ia anao o?iaiyo a e?aa – ?aeiiao, ai?iaeao, naeueneeo ianaeaiiuo
ioieoao aunoeie i?aaiaie eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe yaeythony
aaeieieno?aoeee.
E?aaaay aaeieieno?aoeey yaeyaony eniieieoaeueiui i?aaiii
ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe. E?aaaay aaeieieno?aoeey ninoieo ec aeaau
aaeieieno?aoeee e iiae/eiaiiuo aio oi?aaeai/aneeo no?oeoo?.
Aeaaa aaeieieno?aoeee e?ay eca?ai ianaeaieai e?ay n?ieii ia 5 eao.
Aeaaa aaeieieno?aoeee eiaao 2 ia?auo caianoeoaeae e 7 caianoeoaeae ii
iai?aaeaieyi aeayoaeueiinoe. A ninoaa aaeieieno?aoeee aoiaeyo, eiieoaou,
ioaeaeu, oi?aaeaiey. Iaeiaiaay einiaeoeey, ioaeae thnoeoeee, oi?aaeaiea
ii aioeiiiiiieueiie aeayoaeueiinoe, eiieoao ii caiaeueiie ?aoi?ia e
iiiaea ae?oaea.
E?aaaay aaeieieno?aoeey ?ac?aaaouaaao i?iaeou e iaania/eaaao auiieiaiea
ieaiia e i?ia?aii nioeeaeueii – yeiiiie/aneiai ?acaeoey e?ay, e?aaaiai
athaeaeaoa, i?aaiecoao acuiaiea iaeiaia e nai?ia, i?aaiecoao
ia?ii?eyoey ii i?eaaoecaoeee i?aaei?eyoee, e eiiai eiouanoaa,
iaoiaeyuaainy a nianoaaiiinoe e?ay. I?aaiecoao eiieo?nu e ii eo
?acoeueoaoai i?aaeinoaaeyao ai?iua ioaiaeu aeey ?ac?aaioee
ianoi?iaeaeaiee iieaciuo eneiiaaiuo, iaoiaeyueony a aaaeaiee e?ay, a
oaeaea eeoeaicee ia i?iaaaeaiea yoeo ?aaio e o. ae.
1.4 Athaeaeaoiia ono?ienoai e i?aaiecaoeey athaeaeaoiiai i?ioeanna a
Oaaa?ianeii e?aa.
Athaeaeaoiia ono?ienoai – i?aaiecaoeey athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu e i?eioeeiu
aa iino?iaiey, iniiaaiiua ia ?aaeueiinoe, iieiioa, aaeeinoaa, aeaniinoe
e naiinoiyoaeueiinoe anao athaeaeaoia, aoiaeyueo a athaeaeaoioth nenoaio
Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay.
Athaeaeaoiay nenoaia Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay – iniiaaiiay ia yeiiiie/aneeo
ioiioaieyo e th?eaee/aneeo ii?iao niaieoiiinoue e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa e
athaeaeaoia ioieoeeiaeueiuo ia?aciaaiee e?ay, eaaeaeue ec eioi?uo
yaeyaony aa naiinoiyoaeueiie /anoueth.
A niioaaonoaee n Onoaaii Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay a athaeaeaoioth nenoaio
Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay eae naiinoiyoaeueiua /anoe aeeth/athony: e?aaaie
athaeaeao Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay, ?aeiiiua athaeaeaou ?aeiiia, ai?iaeneea
athaeaeaou ai?iaeia, ?aeiiiua athaeaeaou ?aeiiia a ai?iaeao, athaeaeaou
iinaeeia e naeueneeo ianaeaiiuo ioieoia.
Eiinieeaee?iaaiiue athaeaeao ?aeiia aeeth/aao a naay naeueneea,
iinaeeiaua athaeaeaou, ai?iaeneea athaeaeaou ai?iaeia ?aeiiiiai
iiae/eiaiey e ?aeiiiua athaeaeaou.
Eiinieeaee?iaaiiue athaeaeao ai?iaea aeeth/aao a naay ?aeiiiua
athaeaeaou ?aeiiia a ai?iaeao, ai?iaeneie athaeaeao ai?iaea.
Eiinieeaee?iaaiiue athaeaeao e?ay aeeth/aao a naay 17 athaeaeaoia
?aeiiia. 2 athaeaeaoa ai?iaea e e?aaaie athaeaeao. No?oeoo?a
eiinieeaee?iaaiiiai athaeaeaoa Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay i?aaenoaaeaia a
i?eeiaeaiee 3.
A aaeieieno?aoeaiii ioiioaiee Oaaa?ianeee e?ae aeaeeony ia aeaa ai?iaea
e naiiaaeoeaoue ?aeiiia.
E ai?iaeai ioiinyony : a. Oaaa?iane, a. Eiiniiieuene-ia-Aio?a.
E ?aeiiai ioiinyo neaaeothuea aaeieieno?aoeaiua oa??eoi?ee:
Niaaonei-Aaaaineee ?aeii, Ieeieaaaneee ?aeii, Aio?neee ?aeii,
Aeeeineee ?aeii, Ayii-Iaeneee ?aeii, Aaieineee ?aeii,
Aa?oiaao?aeineee ?aeii, Aycaineee ?aeii, Eiiniiieueneee ?aeii, ?aeii
eiaie Eaci, Iaiaeneee ?aeii, Ioioneee ?aeii, ?aeii eiaie I.-Ineiaiei,
Nieia/iue ?aeii, Ooao?i-*oieeaineee ?aeii, Oeue/neee ?aeii, Oaaa?ianeee
?aeii.
Eaaeaeue ec athaeaeaoia ?aeiiia aeeth/aao a naay naie
naiinoiyoaeueiua ?aeiiiua, iinaeeiaua e naeueneea athaeaeaou.
Ii?iaoeaiui aeoii ii?aaeaeythuei iniiaiua iiiyoey, niaea?aeaiea e
iaoaieci inouanoaeaiey athaeaeaoiiai i?ioeanna, athaeaeaoiiai i?aaa
i?aaiia ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe e ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey ia oa??eoi?ee
Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay yaeyaony Caeii “Ia iniiaao athaeaeaoiiai ono?ienoaa e
athaeaeaoiiai i?ioeanna a Oaaa?ianeii e?aa ” io 01.10.96 ? 64. (a
?aae. Caeiia Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay io 27.12.96 N 88)
Yoio caeii onoaiaaeeaaao iauee ii?yaeie ninoaaeaiey, ?anniio?aiey e
eniieiaiey eiinieeaee?iaaiiiai athaeaeaoa e e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa
Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay, oi?ie?iaaiey e eniieueciaaiey e?aaauo aiaathaeaeaoiuo
e aaethoiiai oiiaeia.
Athaeaeaoiue i?ioeann a Oaaa?ianeii e?aa no?ieony a niioaaonoaee n
Eiinoeoooeeae ?O, oaaea?aeueiuie caeiiaie, ?aaoee?othueie athaeaeaoiue
i?ioeann, Onoaaii e?ay, e?aaaui Caeiiii “Ia iniiaao oi?ie?iaaiey e
eniieueciaaiey aiaathaeaeaoiuo oiiaeia i?aaenoaaeoaeueiuie e
eniieieoaeueiuie i?aaiaie ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe e ianoiiai
naiioi?aaeaiey ia oa??eoi?ee Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay” e ianoiyuei caeiiii, a
oaeaea iinoaiiaeaieyie e?aaaie Aeoiu e aeaau aaeieieno?aoeee e?ay,
ii?iaoeaiuie i?aaiauie aeoaie i?aaiia ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey.
Athaeaeao ninoaaeyaony ia iniiaaiee i?iaiicia e i?ia?aii nioeeaeueii –
yeiiiie/aneiai ?acaeoey ioieoeeiaeueiuo ia?aciaaiee e e?ay a oeaeii, a
oaeaea iieacaoaeae neiaeeaoaeny athaeaeaoiie iaania/aiiinoe ia
i/a?aaeiie aiae.
I?aaiu ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey ninoaaeytho athaeaeaou niioaaonoaothueo
ioieoeeiaeueiuo ia?aciaaiee, aaeieieno?aoeey e?ay i?iaiice?oao e
ninoaaeyao eiinieeaee?iaaiiue athaeaeao e?ay, eioi?ue i?aaenoaaeyao
niaie naiae e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa e athaeaeaoia ioieoeeiaeueiuo
ia?aciaaiee, ninoaaeyaiuo i?aaiaie ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe e?ay e
i?aaiaie ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey.
Eiinieeaee?iaaiiue athaeaeao e?ay e e?aaaie athaeaeao ooaa?aeaeathony
e?aaaie Aeoiie a oi?ia caeiia Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay, ianoiua athaeaeaou – a
oi?ia ii?iaoeaiuo i?aaiauo aeoia i?aaenoaaeoaeueiuo i?aaiia ianoiiai
naiioi?aaeaiey.
Oeiainiaue (athaeaeaoiue) aiae ia oa??eoi?ee e?ay onoaiaaeeaaaony a 12
ianyoeaa (n 1 yiaa?y ii 31 aeaeaa?y). N/aoiue ia?eiae aeeth/aao a naay
oeiainiaue aiae e eueaioiue ia?eiae iinea aai caaa?oaiey, ninoaaeythuee
iaeei ianyoe, a oa/aiea eioi?iai caaa?oathony iia?aoeee ii
iaycaoaeuenoaai, i?eiyoui a ?aieao eniieiaiey athaeaeaoa.
Athaeaeaoii – oeiainiaay iieeoeea e?ay i?iaiaeeony niaeaniaaiii n
athaeaeaoii – oeiainiaie, aeaiaaeii – e?aaeeoiie, oeaiiaie e aaethoiie
iieeoeeie ?O.
Aaeeinoai athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu iaania/eaaaony aaeeiie i?aaiaie aacie
eniieueciaaieai aaeeiie athaeaeaoiie eeanneoeeaoeee, aaeeinoaii oi?iu
athaeaeaoiie aeieoiaioaoeee, i?aaenoaaeaieai iaiaoiaeeiie noaoenoe/aneie
e athaeaeaoiie eioi?iaoeee n iaeiiai o?iaiy athaeaeaoa ia ae?oaie aeey
ninoaaeaiey eiinieeaee?iaaiiiai athaeaeaoa e?ay e athaeaeaoia
ioieoeeiaeueiuo ia?aciaaiee, niaeaniaaiiuie i?eioeeiaie athaeaeaoiiai
i?ioeanna, aaeeinoaii aeaiaaeiie nenoaiu.
Aaeeinoai athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu iniiaaii ia acaeiiaeaenoaee athaeaeaoia
anao o?iaiae, inouanoaeyaiii /a?ac eniieueciaaiea ?aaoee?othueo
aeioiaeiuo enoi/ieeia, nicaeaiee oeaeaauo athaeaeaoiuo oiiaeia e
?aaeecoaony /a?ac aaeeioth nioeeaeueii – yeiiiie/aneoth e athaeaeaoii –
oeiainiaoth iieeoeeo.
Iaaeathaeaeaoiua ioiioaiey no?iyony a niioaaonoaee n aeaenoaothuei
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii.
Naiinoiyoaeueiinoue athaeaeaoia iaania/eaaaony:
– i?aaii naiinoiyoaeueii ninoaaeyoue, ooaa?aeaeaoue, eniieiyoue
athaeaeao e eiio?iee?iaaoue aai eniieiaiea;
– cai?aoii ia ecuyoea naiaiaeiuo inoaoeia athaeaeaoiuo n?aaenoa,
ia?aciaaaoeony a ?acoeueoaoa oaaee/aiey iinooieaiee aeioiaeia eee
yeiiiiee ?anoiaeia;
– iaee/eai nianoaaiiuo enoi/ieeia aeioiaeia e i?aaii ii?aaeaeyoue
iai?aaeaiey eo eniieueciaaiey e ?anoiaeiaaiey.
E nianoaaiiui enoi/ieeai aeioiaeia ioiinyony:
– cae?aieaiiua caeiiii aeioiaeiua enoi/ieee aeey eaaeaeiai o?iaiy
athaeaeaoa;
– io/eneaiey ii ?aaoee?othuei aeioiaeiui enoi/ieeai;
– aeiiieieoaeueiua enoi/ieee, onoaiaaeeaaaiua e?aaaie Aeoiie e i?aaiaie
ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey a niioaaonoaee n aeaenoaothuei
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii.
Naiinoiyoaeueiinoue athaeaeaoia, eae /anoae athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu e?ay,
caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi ooaa?aeaeaiea athaeaeaoia inouanoaeyaony
niioaaonoaaiii e?aaaie Aeoiie e i?aaenoaaeoaeueiuie i?aaiaie ianoiiai
naiioi?aaeaiey, a eo eniieiaiea niioaaonoaaiii aaeieieno?aoeeae e?ay e
i?aaiaie ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey ioieoeeiaeueiuo ia?aciaaiee
naiinoiyoaeueii ia iniiaa iaoaiecia athaeaeaoiiai ?aaoee?iaaiey,
onoaiiaeaiiiai ianoiyuei caeiiii.
Aeioiaeu athaeaeaoia eaaeaeiai o?iaiy oi?ie?othony a niioaaonoaee n
iaeiaiaui caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii ?O, Caeiiii Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay “I iaeiaao e
nai?ao Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay” e noaoueae 5 ianoiyuaai caeiia.
Aeioiaeiay /anoue athaeaeaoia ninoieo ec cae?aieaiiuo e ?aaoee?othueo
aeioiaeia. E?iia oiai, a athaeaeaou iiaoo iinooiaoue o?ainoa?ou,
aeioaoeee, noaaaioeee, caaiiua n?aaenoaa e ae?oaea iinooieaiey,
onoaiaaeeaaaiua i?aaiaie ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe e?ay e i?aaiaie
ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey a niioaaonoaee n aeaenoaothuei
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii.
Ii?yaeie i?aaeinoaaeaiey e eniieueciaaiey aeioaoeee e noaaaioeee ec
e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa onoaiaaeeaathony e?aaauie caeiiaie, a ii?yaeie e
oneiaey i?aaeinoaaeaiey e eniieueciaaiey aeioaoeee e noaaaioeee ec
ae?oaeo athaeaeaoia onoaiaaeeaathony ii?iaoeaiuie i?aaiauie aeoaie
i?aaenoaaeoaeueiuo i?aaiia ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey a i?aaeaeao eo
eiiiaoaioeee.
O?iaaiue cae?aieaiiuo aeioiaeia athaeaeaoia aeieaeai ninoaaeyoue ia
iaiaa 70 i?ioeaioia aeioiaeiie /anoe ieieiaeueiiai athaeaeaoa
niioaaonoaothuaai ioieoeeiaeueiiai ia?aciaaiey, a i?e ionoonoaee oaeie
aiciiaeiinoe – ia iaiaa 70 i?ioeaioia aeioiaeiie /anoe aac o/aoa a iae
aeioaoeee e noaaaioeee. Aeey aeinoeaeaiey yoiai o?iaiy a i?ioeanna
athaeaeaoiiai ?aaoee?iaaiey e?aaaay Aeoia ii i?aaenoaaeaieth
aaeieieno?aoeee e?ay cae?aieyao ca athaeaeaoaie ieaeanoiyuaai o?iaiy
iieiinoueth eee a oaa?aei oeene?iaaiiie aeiea ia aeieaia?aiaiiie iniiaa
ethaua ?aaoee?othuea aeioiaeu. I?e yoii a neo/aa eciaiaiey ieieiaeueiiai
athaeaeaoa ia neaaeothuee oeiainiaue aiae oeacaiiay oeene?iaaiiay aeiey
iiaeeaaeeo niioaaonoaothuae ei??aeoe?iaea a noi?iio oaaee/aiey.
E?aaaay Aeoia a i?aaeaeao naiae eiiiaoaioeee ooaa?aeaeaao aeey
athaeaeaoia ioieoeeiaeueiuo ia?aciaaiee e?ay aeeooa?aioee?iaaiiua eee
aaeeiua ii?iaoeau io/eneaiee io ?aaoee?othueo aeioiaeia, eioi?ua iiaoo
ooaa?aeaeaoueny iaeiia?aiaiii ii ?aciui aeaeai ?aaoee?othueo aeioiaeia.
Oaeoe/aneia oaaee/aiea o?iaiy cae?aieaiiuo aeioiaeia a oaeouai
oeiainiaii aiaeo ia iiaeao neoaeeoue iniiaaieai aeey nieaeaiey
ii?iaoeaia io/eneaiee io ?aaoee?othueo aeioiaeia ia neaaeothuee
oeiainiaue aiae.
A eiuo neo/ayo oaeia nieaeaiea ii?iaoeaia io/eneaiee io ?aaoee?othueo
aeioiaeia iiaeao auoue i?iecaaaeaii oieueei e?aaaie Aeoiie eee
i?aaenoaaeoaeueiui i?aaiii ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey.
I?e iaaeinoaoi/iinoe athaeaeaoiuo n?aaenoa aeey iie?uoey ?anoiaeia,
i?aauoathueo ieieiaeueiue athaeaeao, eee a neo/ayo a?aiaiiuo oeiainiauo
cao?oaeiaiee a i?ioeanna eniieiaiey ooaa?aeaeaiiiai athaeaeaoa
aaeieieno?aoeey e?ay e eniieieoaeueiua i?aaiu ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey
iiaoo iieo/aoue i?ioeaioiua eee aani?ioeaioiua nnoaeu ec eiuo
athaeaeaoia, a oaeaea i?e ooaa?aeaeaiee e?aaaie Aeoiie a onoaiiaeaiiii
ii?yaeea auioneaoue caeiu ia eiaanoeoeeiiiua oeaee.
?anoiaeiaaiea n?aaenoa athaeaeaoia inouanoaeyaony ii iai?aaeaieyi e a
i?aaeaeao onoaiiaeaiiuo e?aaaui caeiiii i athaeaeaoiie nenoaia e?ay ia
i/a?aaeiie aiae e ii?iaoeaiuie i?aaiauie aeoaie ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey.
?anoiaeu athaeaeaoia anao o?iaiae oi?ie?othony ia iniiaa aaeeiie
athaeaeaoiie eeanneoeeaoeee ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee, iaania/eaathuae
niiinoaaeiinoue athaeaeaoiuo aeaiiuo e iiae?acaeaeythony ia ?anoiaeu,
aeeth/aaiua a athaeaeao oaeoueo ?anoiaeia e athaeaeao ?acaeoey.
E athaeaeaoo ?acaeoey ioiinyony anneaiiaaiey ia oeiaine?iaaiea
eiiiaaoeeiiiie e eiaanoeoeeiiiie aeayoaeueiinoe, naycaiiie n
eaieoaeueiuie aeiaeaieyie a nioeeaeueii – yeiiiie/aneia ?acaeoea
ioieoeeiaeueiuo ia?aciaaiee, ia nianoaaiiua yeieiae/aneea i?ia?aiiu e
ia?ii?eyoey ii io?aia ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu (naa?o anneaiiaaiee,
auaeaeyaiuo ec yeieiae/aneeo aiaathaeaeaoiuo oiiaeia), ae?oaea cao?aou
ia ?anoe?aiiia aini?iecaiaenoai.
E athaeaeaoo oaeoueo ?anoiaeia ioiinyony ?anoiaeu ia oaeouaa
niaea?aeaiea e eaieoaeueiue (ainnoaiiaeoaeueiue) ?aiiio aeeeeuii –
eiiioiaeueiiai oicyenoaa, iauaeoia io?aiu ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu,
ia?aciaaoaeueiuo o/?aaeaeaiee, o/?aaeaeaiee cae?aaiio?aiaiey e
nioeeaeueiiai iaania/aiey, iaoee e eoeueoo?u, oece/aneie eoeueoo?u e
nii?oa, n?aaenoa ianniaie eioi?iaoeee, i?aaiia ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe
e?ay, i?aaiia ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey e eiua ?anoiaeu, ia aeeth/aiiua a
?anoiaeu athaeaeaoa ?acaeoey.
?anoiaeiay /anoue ieieiaeueiiai athaeaeaoa en/eneyaony ii aaeeiui eee
a?oiiiaui ieieiaeueiui nioeeaeueiui e oeiainiaui ii?iaoeaai e ii?iai,
onoaiiaeaiiui e?aaauie caeiiaie e ii?iaoeaiuie i?aaiauie aeoaie
i?aaenoaaeoaeueiuo i?aaiia ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey. ?ac?aaioea
ieieiaeueiuo nioeeaeueiuo e oeiainiauo ii?i e ii?iaoeaia,
i?aaenoaaeyaiuo ia ooaa?aeaeaiea e?aaaie Aeoia, i?iecaiaeeony
aaeieieno?aoeeae e?ay.
?anoiaeiay /anoue ieieiaeueiiai athaeaeaoa ii?aaeaeyaony:
a) noiiie cao?ao, aeeth/aaiuo a athaeaeao oaeoueo ?anoiaeia,
o/eouaaaiuo a ?an/aoao e athaeaeaoo aiaea, i?aaeoanoaothuaai
ieaie?oaiiio (a niiinoaaeiuo oneiaeyo), n o/aoii oaaee/aiey (nieaeaiey)
yoeo ?anoiaeia, aucaaiiiai:
– eciaiaieai ninoaaa iauaeoia iiaeeaaeaueo athaeaeaoiiio
oeiaine?iaaieth;
– ?aoaieyie i?aaiia ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe e?ay ia eciaiaiee
nioeeaeueiuo e oeiainiauo ii?i e ii?iaoeaia;
– eciaiaieai eiaeaena oeai e oa?eoia ii ?an/aoai aaeieieno?aoeee e?ay,
inouanoaeyaiuo a onoaiiaeaiiii ii?yaeea.
a) ieieiaeueii iaiaoiaeeiie noiiie cao?ao, aeeth/aaiuo a athaeaeao
?acaeoey aeaiiiai ioieoeeiaeueiiai ia?aciaaiey.
Ia oa??eoi?ee e?ay eniieuecoaony aaeeiay athaeaeaoiay,
ooieoeeiiaeueiay, yeiiiie/aneay, aaaeiinoaaiiay eeanneoeeaoeey,
iaania/eaathuay niiinoaaeiinoue athaeaeaoiuo aeaiiuo ia oa??eoi?ee
?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee.
Iaiaoiaeeiui oneiaeai athaeaeaoii – oeiainiaie iieeoeee a e?aa yaeyaony
naaeaine?iaaiiinoue athaeaeaoia anao o?iaiae.
I?aauoaiea ?anoiaeia iaae aeioiaeaie ninoaaeyao aeaoeoeeo athaeaeaoa.
I?e iaee/ee aeaoeoeeoa athaeaeaoa ia?aii/a?aaeiiio oeiaine?iaaieth
iiaeeaaeao ?anoiaeu6 aeeth/aaiua a athaeaeao oaeoueo ?anoiaeia.
A oeaeyo naaeaine?iaaiiinoe athaeaeaoia e?aaaay Aeoia e
i?aaenoaaeoaeueiua i?aaiu ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey iiaoo onoaiaaeeaaoue
i?aaeaeueiua ?acia?u aeaoeoeeoa niioaaonoaothuaai athaeaeaoa. Anee a
i?ioeanna eniieiaiey athaeaeaoa i?ienoiaeeo i?aauoaiea i?aaeaeueiiai
o?iaiy aeaoeoeeoa eee cia/eoaeueiia nieaeaiea iinooieaiee aeioiaeiuo
enoi/ieeia athaeaeaoa, oi aaiaeeony iaoaieci naeaano?a ?anoiaeia.
Naeaano? inouanoaeyaony iooai i?iii?oeeiiaeueiiai nieaeaiey ?anoiaeia
(ia 5, 10, 15 e oae aeaeaa i?ioeaioia) aaeaiany/ii ii anai noaoueyi
athaeaeaoa a oa/aiea inoaaoaainy a?aiaie oaeouaai oeiainiaiai aiaea,
naeaano?o ia iiaeeaaeao caueuaiiua noaouee.
Naeaanoe?iaaiea a iieiii iauaia iiaeao i?eiaiyoueny e ioaeaeueiui
?anoiaeai athaeaeaoia anao o?iaiae.
Ninoaa caueuaiiuo noaoae oaeoueo ?anoiaeia, iiaeeaaeaueo
oeiaine?iaaieth a iieiii iauaia, onoaiaaeeaaaony e?aaaie Aeoiie.
N oeaeueth i?eaea/aiey aeiiieieoaeueiuo n?aaenoa a athaeaeaou
aaeieieno?aoeeae e?ay, i?aaiaie ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey iiaoo
i?eieiaoueny ?aoaiey ii auioneo e ?aciauaieth caeiia.
Athaeaeaoiay nenoaia e?ay yaeyaony /anoueth oeiainiaie nenoaiu
?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee, aeeth/athuae a naay oeiainu naiinoiyoaeueiuo
th?eaee/aneeo e oece/aneeo eeoe.
Ieaoaaee, acuneaiiua n i?aaei?eyoee e eiuo th?eaee/aneeo eeoe,
ia?a/eneythony a athaeaeaou a ia?aii/a?aaeiii e aannii?iii ii?yaeea.
Ecuyoea n?aaenoa i?aaei?eyoee e eiuo naiinoiyoaeueiuo th?eaee/aneeo
eeoe e ca/eneaiea eo a athaeaeao naa?o iaeiaia, nai?ia, aciinia e
ae?oaeo iaycaoaeueiuo ieaoaaeae, onoaiiaeaiiuo caeiiii, aeiioneaaony
oieueei ii ?aoaieth noaeaaiuo i?aaiia.
?anoiaeiay /anoue athaeaeaoia ?acaeoey iiaeao niaea?aeaoue anneaiiaaiey
ia eiaanoeoeee ia eaieoae oaea aeaenoaothueo eee aiiaue nicaeaaaaiuo
i?aaei?eyoee. ?acoeueoaoii oaeeo eiaanoeoeee yaeyaony e?aaaay
ainoaea?noaaiiay eee ioieoeeiaeueiay nianoaaiiinoue.
I?aaa ii oi?aaeaieth nianoaaiiinoueth, nicaeaiiie ca n/ao athaeaeaoiuo
eiaanoeoeee, ia?aaeathony niioaaonoaothuaio eiieoaoo ii oi?aaeaieth
eiouanoaii.
A niioaaonoaee n e?aaauie caeiiaie e ii?iaoeaiuie i?aaiauie aeoaie
i?aaenoaaeoaeueiuo i?aaiia ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey iiaoo ia?aciauaaoueny
oeaeaaua aiaathaeaeaoiua oiiaeu.
?anoiaeiay /anoue athaeaeaoia ?acaeoey iiaeao niaea?aeaoue anneaiiaaiey
e aeioaoeee i?aaei?eyoeyi e eiui th?eaee/aneei eeoeai.
Ninoaaeaiea i?iaeoa e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa, aai eniieiaiea e eiio?ieue ca
eniieueciaaieai auaeaeaiiuo athaeaeaoiuo anneaiiaaiee yaeythony
iieiiii/eyie aaeieieno?aoeee e?ay. Ninoaaeaiea i?iaeoa ianoiiai
athaeaeaoa, aai eniieiaiea e eiio?ieue ca eniieueciaaieai auaeaeaiiuo
athaeaeaoiuo anneaiiaaiee yaeythony iieiiii/eyie i?aaia ianoiiai
naiioi?aaeaiey.
?anniio?aiea i?iaeoa e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa, ooaa?aeaeaiea e eiio?ieue ca
aai eniieiaieai, ooaa?aeaeaiea io/aoa ia aai eniieiaiee yaeythony
iieiiii/eyie e?aaaie Aeoiu. ?anniio?aiea i?iaeoa ianoiiai athaeaeaoa,
ooaa?aeaeaiea e eiio?ieue ca aai eniieiaieai, ooaa?aeaeaiea io/aoa ia
aai eniieiaiee yaeythony iieiiii/eyie i?aaenoaaeoaeueiiai i?aaia
ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey.
?anniio?aiea e ooaa?aeaeaiea athaeaeaoia e io/aoia ia eo eniieiaiee
i?iecaiaeeony e?aaaie Aeoiie e i?aaenoaaeoaeueiuie i?aaiaie ianoiiai
naiioi?aaeaiey aeanii e ioaee/ii, ca eneeth/aieai neo/aaa, ioianaiiuo
aeaenoaothuei caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii e ainoaea?noaaiiie oaeia. Eanniaia
eniieiaiea athaeaeaoia inouanoaeyaony /a?ac nenoaio oiieiiii/aiiiai e
aeiaa?eoaeueiuo aaieia, ianeoaeeaathueo niioaaonoaothuea athaeaeaou.
I?aaiu ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey i?aaenoaaeytho naaaeaiey ia eniieiaiee
eiinieeaee?iaaiiuo athaeaeaoia ioieoeeiaeueiuo ia?aciaaiee a oeiainiaia
oi?aaeaiea aaeieieno?aoeee e?ay. Naaaeaiey ia eniieiaiee
eiinieeaee?iaaiiiai athaeaeaoa e?ay i?aaenoaaeythony a Ieienoa?noai
oeiainia ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee e eiieoao ii noaoenoeea aaeieieno?aoeee
e?ay. Ii?aaeaeaiea eiie?aoiuo n?ieia e oi?i athaeaeaoiie io/aoiinoe aeey
athaeaeaoia aiceaaaaony ia oeiainiaue aeaia?oaiaio aaeieieno?aoeee e?ay
ii niaeaniaaieth n ieienoa?noaii oeiainia ?O.
1. Aaeieieno?aoeey e?ay ia iicaeiaa /ai ca o?e ianyoea aei ia/aea
oeiainiaiai aiaea aeiaiaeeo aei i?aaiia ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey
eino?oeoeaiia ienueii ia iniaaiiinoyo ninoaaeaiey ?an/aoia e i?iaeoai
athaeaeaoia ia neaaeothuee oeiainiaue aiae, a oii /enea oeaio?aeeciaaiii
onoaiiaeaiiuo nioeeaeueiuo e oeiainiauo ii?iao e ii?iaoeaao
(ieieiaeueiuo) eee eo eciaiaieyo.
2. Aaeieieno?aoeey e?ay ?ac?aaaouaaao e i?aaenoaaeyao e?aaaie Aeoia
i?iaeo e?aaaiai Caeiia “I athaeaeaoiie nenoaia Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay ia
i/a?aaeiie aiae” e i?iaeou athaeaeaoia e?aaauo aiaathaeaeaoiuo oiiaeia a
n?ie aei 20 ieoya?y oaeouaai aiaea, i?aaeoanoaothuaai ieaie?oaiiio, ni
neaaeothueie aeieoiaioaie e iaoa?eaeaie:
– i?aaeaa?eoaeueiua eoiae nioeeaeueii – yeiiiie/aneiai ?acaeoey e?ay ca
io/aoiue aiae, eiioeaioeeth e i?iaiic nioeeaeueii – yeiiiie/aneiai
?acaeoey e?ay ia i/a?aaeiie aiae;
– iniiaiua iai?aaeaiey athaeaeaoii – iaeiaiaie iieeoeee e?ay;
– i?iaeo naiaeiiai oeiainiaiai aaeaina ia oa??eoi?ee e?ay;
– iniiaiua i?eioeeiu e oa?aeoa?enoeee acaeiiioiioaiee e?aaaiai
athaeaeaoa n athaeaeaoaie ioieoeeiaeueiuo ia?aciaaiee;
– i?iaeo eiinieeaee?iaaiiiai athaeaeaoa e?ay;
– iieaa?oaeueiia ?ani?aaeaeaiea i?iaeoa e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa;
– e?aaaua i?ia?aiiu e i?ia?aiiu ?acaeoey ioieoeeiaeueiuo ia?aciaaiee,
i?aaeoniio?aiiua e oeiaine?iaaieth ca n/ao n?aaenoa e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa
n oeacaieai enoi/ieeia oeiaine?iaaiey;
– ioeaiea iaeeaeaaiiai eniieiaiey eiinieeaee?iaaiiiai athaeaeaoa e?ay
ca io/aoiue aiae;
– ?an/aou ii noaoueyi e ?acaeaeai e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa ia i/a?aaeiie
aiae.
E?aaaay Aeoia ?anniao?eaaao i?iaeo e?aaaiai caeiia “I athaeaeaoiie
nenoaia Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay ia i/a?aaeiie aiae” a /aou?ao /oaieyo.
3. A oa/aiea 30 aeiae ni aeiy aianaiey ia ?anniio?aiea aaeieieno?aoeeae
e?ay i?iaeoa auoaiacaaiiiai caeiia e?aaaay Aeoia ?anniao?eaaao aai a
ia?aii /oaiee.
I?e ?anniio?aiee i?iaeoa e?aaaiai caeiia “I athaeaeaoiie nenoaia
Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay ia i/a?aaeiie aiae” a ia?aii /oaiee e?aaaay Aeoia
?anniao?eaaao eiioeaioeeth i?iaeoa e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa ia i/a?aaeiie
aiae, a oaeaea iniiaiua iai?aaeaiey athaeaeaoii – iaeiaiaie iieeoeee,
caneooeaaao aeieeaae aaeieieno?aoeee e?ay e i?eieiaao ?aoaiea i i?eiyoee
ca iniiao eeai ioeeiiaiee i?aaenoaaeaiiiai caeiiii?iaeoa.
I?e ioeeiiaiee aeaiiiai caeiiii?iaeoa a ia?aii /oaiee e?aaaay Aeoia
i?eieiaao iaeii ec neaaeothueo ?aoaiee:
– i nicaeaiee niaeaneoaeueiie eiiennee, noi?ie?iaaiiie ia ia?eoaoiuo
ia/aeao ec aeaiooaoia e?aaaie Aeoiu e i?aaenoaaeoaeae aaeieieno?aoeee
e?ay ii ei??aeoe?iaea i?iaeoa e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa ia i/a?aaeiie aiae,
enoiaey ec ?aeiiaiaeaoeee, eceiaeaiiuo a naiaeiii caeeth/aiee.
Niaeaneoaeueiay eiienney ia iicaeiaa 15 aeiae ni aeiy aa ia?aciaaiey
i?aaenoaaeyao ia ?anniio?aiea e?aaaie Aeoiu iiaeaioiaeaiiue ath aa?eaio
i?iaeoa e?aaaiai caeiia “I athaeaeaoiie nenoaia Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay ia
i/a?aaeiie aiae”,
– i aica?auaiee oeacaiiiai caeiiii?iaeoa aaeieieno?aoeee e?ay. A
oa/aiea iineaaeothueo 20 aeiae aaeieieno?aoeee e?ay i?aaenoaaeyao a
e?aaaoth Aeoio iiaue i?iaeo e?aaaiai caeiia “I athaeaeaoiie nenoaia
Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay ia i/a?aaeiie aiae” n o/aoii ?aeiiaiaeaoeee,
eceiaeaiiuo a naiaeiii caeeth/aiee. Aica?auaiea oeacaiiiai caeiiii?iaeoa
inouanoaeyaony iaeei ?ac.
A neo/aa iiaoi?iiai aai ioeeiiaiey e?aaaay Aeoia iiaeao i?eiyoue
?aoaiea i nicaeaiee niioaaonoaothuae niaeaneoaeueiie eiiennee.
Ninoaa eiiennee, ii?yaeie aa oi?ie?iaaiey e iacia/aiey aa
i?aaenaaeaoaey ?aoaaony e?aaaie Aeoiie n o/anoeai aeaau aaeieieno?aoeee
e?ay eee aai i?aaenoaaeoaey.
4. I?e ?anniio?aiee i?iaeoa e?aaaiai caeiia “I athaeaeaoiie nenoaia
Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay ia i/a?aaeiie aiae” ai aoi?ii /oaiee e?aaaay Aeoia
?anniao?eaaao e ooaa?aeaeaao iniiaiua iieacaoaee (oa?aeoa?enoeee)
e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa ia i/a?aaeiie aiae, e eioi?ui ioiinyony:
– aeioiaeu e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa ii iniiaiui enoi/ieeai oi?ie?iaaiey;
– ia?a/aiue iaeiaia e eo i?ioeaioiua noaaee, ca n/ao eioi?uo
oi?ie?oaony aeioiaeiay /anoue athaeaeaoa e?ay;
– ?ani?aaeaeaiea aeioiaeia io e?aaauo iaeiaia e nai?ia iaaeaeo e?aaaui
athaeaeaoii e athaeaeaoaie ioieoeeiaeueiuo ia?aciaaiee;
– ooieoeeiiaeueioth no?oeoo?o ?anoiaeia e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa;
– ?ani?aaeaeaiea anneaiiaaiee ec e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa ia niaea?aeaiea
i?aaiia ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe e?ay;
– ?acia?u ianaaeaine?iaaiiinoe e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa a aaniethoiuo
oeeo?ao e a i?ioeaioao e ?anoiaeai.
A neo/aa iai?eiyoey iniiaiuo oa?aeoa?enoee e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa ia
i/a?aaeiie aiae ai aoi?ii /oaiee nicaeaaony niaeaneoaeueiay eiienney ec
i?aaenoaaeoaeae e?aaaie Aeoiu e aaeieieno?aoeee e?ay, eioi?ay a oa/aiea
10 aeiae aioiaeo niaeaneoaeueiue aa?eaio iniiaiuo iieacaoaeae
(oa?aeoa?enoee) e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa, iinea /aai i?iaeo e?aaaiai caeiia
“I athaeaeaoiie nenoaia Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay ia i/a?aaeiie aiae” auiineony
ia ?anniio?aiea e?aaaie Aeoiu iiaoi?ii ai aoi?ii /oaiee.
5. I?e ?anniio?aiee aeaiiiai caeiiii?iaeoa a o?aoueai /oaiee e?aaaay
Aeoia ooaa?aeaeaao anneaiiaaiey ii ?acaeaeai e noaoueyi e?aaaiai
athaeaeaoa, ii i?ia?aiiai nioeeaeueii – yeiiiie/aneiai ?acaeoey e?ay,
?ani?aaeaeaiea n?aaenoa ii eaa?oaeai, ii?aaeaeyao ia?a/aiue caueuaiiuo
noaoae e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa, ia?a/aiue e?aaauo aiaathaeaeaoiuo oiiaeia,
ia?aciaaiiuo ii ?aoaieth e?aaaie Aeoiu, eiinieeaee?iaaiiuo a e?aaaii
athaeaeaoa.
6. A /aoaa?oii /oaiee i?iaeo e?aaaiai caeiia “I athaeaeaoiie nenoaia
Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay ia i/a?aaeiie aiae” auiineony ia aieiniaaiea a oeaeii.
7. Iinea i?eiyoey e?aaaiai caeiia “I athaeaeaoiie nenoaia Oaaa?ianeiai
e?ay ia i/a?aaeiie aiae” e?aaaie Aeoiie ?anniao?eaathony e
ooaa?aeaeathony niaou aeioiaeia e ?anoiaeia ia eiinieeaee?iaaiiuo a
e?aaaii athaeaeaoa aiaathaeaeaoiuo oiiaeia.
A neo/aa iai?eiyoey e?aaaiai Caeiia “I athaeaeaoiie nenoaia
Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay ia i/a?aaeiie aiae” aei ia/aea athaeaeaoiiai aiaea,
i?eieiaaony e?aaaie caeii “I oeiaine?iaaiee ?anoiaeia ec e?aaaiai
athaeaeaoa a 1 eaa?oaea i/a?aaeiiai aiaea”.
8. Ii?yaeie ninoaaeaiey, ?anniio?aiee e ooaa?aeaeaiey ianoiuo
athaeaeaoia ii?aaeaeyaony ii?iaoeaiuie i?aaiauie aeoaie
i?aaenoaaeoaeueiuo i?aaiia ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey.
9. Anneaiiaaiey ii oeaeaaui i?ia?aiiai, ?ann/eoaiiui ia ianeieueei eao,
iiaoo ooaa?aeaeaoueny e?aaaie Aeoiie, i?aaenoaaeoaeueiuie i?aaiaie
ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey e aeeth/aoueny a athaeaeaou iineaaeothueo eao.
Anneaiiaaiey ia auieaoo i?ioeaioia e ia iiaaoaiea caaeieaeaiiinoe
i?ioeuo eao, eiathuaeny o niioaaonoaothuaai athaeaeaoa ia aeaiiue aiae,
i?aaeoniao?eaathony a athaeaeaoa oaeoueo ?anoiaeia niioaaonoaothuaai
oeiainiaiai aiaea a iieiii iauaia a niioaaonoaee n i?eiyouie ?aiaa
iaycaoaeuenoaaie ii e?aaeeoai. ?anoiaeu aeaiiiai aeaea ia iiaoo auoue
nie?auaiu eee ia?aianaiu ia eiia a?aiy aac niaeaney aea?aeaoaey
niioaaonoaothueo iaycaoaeuenoa.
Anneaiiaaiey ia oeiaine?iaaiea aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaiia ainoaea?noaaiiie
aeanoe e?ay, i?aaiia ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey aeeth/athony a athaeaeaou
niioaaonoaothuaai o?iaiy a ea/anoaa naiinoiyoaeueiuo noaoae ?anoiaeia.
10. Ninoaaeaieth i?iaeoia athaeaeaoia i?aaeoanoaoao ?ac?aaioea ieaiia e
i?iaiicia ?acaeoey ioieoeeiaeueiuo ia?aciaaiee e oeaeaauo i?ia?aii, ia
iniiaaiee eioi?uo aaeieieno?aoeey e?ay aiineo i?aaeeiaeaiey i aeioiaeao
e ?anoiaeao athaeaeaoa, a oaeaea i?aaenoaaeyao eioi?iaoeeth i
i?iaiice?oaiii eiinieeaee?iaaiiii athaeaeaoa, e?aaaii athaeaeaoa e
ieieiaeueiuo athaeaeaoao ioieoeeiaeueiuo ia?aciaaiee a e?aaaoth aeoio e
niioaaonoaothuea i?aaenoaaeoaeueiua i?aaiu ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey a
ii?yaeea e a n?iee, eioi?ua onoaiiaeaiu yoeie i?aaiaie.
Ooaa?aeaeaiiua athaeaeaou ii aeioiaeai e ?anoiaeai yaeythony iniiaie
aeey auaeaeaiey athaeaeaoiuo anneaiiaaiee. A neo/aa iaooaa?aeaeaiey
i?iaeoa athaeaeaoa aei ia/aea oeiainiaiai aiaea ?aoaiea i oeiaine?iaaiee
ec niioaaonoaothuaai athaeaeaoa i?eieiaaony e?aaaie Aeoiie eee
i?aaenoaaeoaeueiui i?aaiii ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey.
A neo/aa ia ooaa?aeaeaiey anneaiiaaiee a n?ie aaeieieno?aoeey e?ay,
i?aaiu ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey eiatho i?aai ?anoiaeiaaoue n?aaenoaa ii
iei a ?acia?a 1/12 iauaia i?aaeuaeouaai aiaea a oa/aiea eaaeaeiai
ianyoea aieioue aei ooaa?aeaeaiey anneaiiaaiee ii ioaeaeueiui ?anoiaeiui
noaoueyi athaeaeaoa niioaaonoaaiii e?aaaie Aeoiie eee i?aaenoaaeoaeueiui
i?aaiii ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey. I?e yoii iauai athaeaeaoiuo
anneaiiaaiee, ec?anoiaeiaaiiuo aaeieieno?aoeeae e?ay eee i?aaiii
ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey ii iaooaa?aeaeaiiui noaoueyi athaeaeaoa ia
iiaeao i?aauoaoue 25 i?ioeaioia aiaeiauo anneaiiaaiee ii aeaiiie noaouea
ca i?aaeuaeouee oeiainiaue aiae.
Eniieiaiea ooaa?aeaeaiiiai e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa e ianoiuo athaeaeaoia
inouanoaeyaony niioaaonoaaiii aaeieieno?aoeeae e?ay e i?aaiaie ianoiiai
naiioi?aaeaiey a niioaaonoaee n ianoiyuei caeiiii, athaeaeaoiuie ii?iaie
e a i?aaeaeao ooaa?aeaeaiiuo iinoaoaeiuo anneaiiaaiee.
A oiaea eniieiaiey athaeaeaoia aaeieieno?aoeey e?ay e i?aaiu ianoiiai
naiioi?aaeaiey a i?aaeaeao naiae eiiiaoaioeee eiatho i?aai:
– i?eieiaoue ?aoaiey i aianaiee eciaiaiee ii noaoueyi ?anoiaeia
athaeaeaoiie eeanneoeeaoeee a i?aaeaeao ooaa?aeaeaiiuo anneaiiaaiee ii
eaaeaeiio iai?aaeaieth ?anoiaeiaaiey n?aaenoa;
– aiineoue i?aaeeiaeaiey ii eciaiaieyi a athaeaeao, aeeythuei ia
i?aaeaeueiue aeaoeoeeo n ooaa?aeaeaieai eo e?aaaie Aeoiie eee
i?aaenoaaeoaeueiui i?aaiii ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey.
A neo/ayo, eiaaea i?e eniieiaiee athaeaeaoia oaeoe/aneee o?iaaiue
aeaoeoeeoa i?aauoaao onoaiiaeaiiue i?aaeae eee i?ienoiaeeo cia/eoaeueiia
nieaeaiea iinooieaiee aeioiaeia, e?aaaay Aeoia, i?aaenoaaeoaeueiue i?aai
ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey ii i?aaenoaaeaieth niioaaonoaaiii
aaeieieno?aoeee e?ay e i?aaiia ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey i?eieiatho
?aoaiey i aaaaeaiee naeaano?a.
?aoaiey aaeieieno?aoeee e?ay e i?aaiia ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey,
i?eiyoua a i?aaeaeao eo eiiiaoaioeee, a oii /enea ii eciaiaieyi oeai e
oa?eoia, aeeythueo ia oiaiueoaiea aeioiaeiie eee oaaee/aiea ?anoiaeiie
/anoe athaeaeaoa, anee ?acia? eciaiaiee i?eaiaeeo e oaaee/aieth
onoaiiaeaiiiai i?aaeaeueiiai aeaoeoeeoa athaeaeaoa, iiaeeaaeao
ooaa?aeaeaieth niioaaonoaaiii e?aaaie Aeoiie e i?aaenoaaeoaeueiuie
i?aaiaie ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey.
Naiaiaeiua athaeaeaoiua n?aaenoaa ia iiaeeaaeao ecuyoeth. ?aoaiea ia
eniieueciaaiee naiaiaeiuo athaeaeaoiuo n?aaenoa i?eieiaaony
aaeieieno?aoeeae e?ay eee i?aaiii ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey n
iaycaoaeueiui ooaa?aeaeaieai niioaaonoaaiii e?aaaie Aeoiie eee
i?aaenoaaeoaeueiui i?aaiii ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey.
Anee a oiaea eniieiaiey athaeaeaoa i?aaiii ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe e?ay
eee i?aaiii ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey i?eieiaaony ?aoaiea, i?eaiaeyuaa e
oiaiueoaieth aeioiaeia eee oaaee/aieth ?anoiaeia athaeaeaoa ae?oaiai
o?iaiy, oi i?eiyaoee yoi ?aoaiea i?aai ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe e?ay eee
i?aai ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey iaycai eiiiaine?iaaoue auiaaeathuea
aeioiaeu eee noiio oaaee/aiey ?anoiaeia ca n/ao n?aaenoa naiaai
athaeaeaoa. I?e en/eneaiee iaaeinoathueo n?aaenoa a ?an/ao ia
i?eieiaaony naiaiaeiue inoaoie n?aaenoa athaeaeaoa ieaeanoiyuaai o?iaiy,
ia?aciaaaoeeny ia ia/aei oaeouaai oeiainiaiai aiaea e ia
ec?anoiaeiaaiiue e iiiaioo i?eiyoey oeacaiiiai ?aoaiey.
E?aaaay Aeoia, i?aaenoaaeoaeueiua i?aaiu ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey
ooaa?aeaeatho a ninoaaa niioaaonoaothueo athaeaeaoia naa?o
i?aaeoniio?aiiuo ?anoiaeia iauai iai?ioiie eanniaie iaee/iinoe ca n/ao
inoaoeia n?aaenoa ii niioaaonoaothuaio athaeaeaoo ia ia/aei iiaiai
oeiainiaiai aiaea. Iai?ioiay eanniaay iaee/iinoue iiaeao auoue a oa/aiea
aiaea eniieueciaaia ia iie?uoea a?aiaiiuo eanniauo ?ac?uaia e aeieaeia
auoue ainnoaiiaeaia a oii aea aiaeo aei ?acia?ia, onoaiiaeaiiuo i?e
ooaa?aeaeaiee niioaaonoaothueo athaeaeaoia.
?aaoee?iaaiea oeiainiauo ioiioaiee, aeeth/ay athaeaeaoiua,
inouanoaeyaony a niioaaonoaee n Eiinoeoooeeae ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee,
oaaea?aeueiuie caeiiaie, Onoaaii e?ay, e?aaauie caeiiaie, ianoiyuei
caeiiii e ii?iaoeaiuie i?aaiauie aeoaie i?aaenoaaeoaeueiuo i?aaiia
ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey.
Iniiaie athaeaeaoiiai ?aaoee?iaaiey yaeyaony cae?aieaiiia e?aaaui
caeiiii “I athaeaeaoiie nenoaia Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay ia i/a?aaeiie aiae”
?ani?aaeaeaiea enoi/ieeia aeioiaeia iaaeaeo athaeaeaoaie ?aciiai o?iaiy.
A ninoaaa athaeaeaoia iiaoo nicaeaaaoueny oeaeaaua e ?aca?aiua oiiaeu,
n?aaenoaa eioi?uo a oeaeyo inouanoaeaiey nioeeaeueiuo, yeieiae/aneeo e
ae?oaeo i?ia?aii, eeeaeaeaoeee iineaaenoaee noeoeeiuo aaaenoaee,
i?iaaaeaiey eiuo ia?ii?eyoee, iie?uoey aeaoeoeeoa iiaoo ia?aaeaaaoueny
aacaiciacaeii a aeaea noaaaioeee, noaneaeee e aeioaoeee a athaeaeaou
ieaeanoiyueo o?iaiae.
Athaeaeaoiia ?aaoee?iaaiea inouanoaeyaony a neaaeothueo oi?iao:
– ia?aaea/a /anoe cae?aieaiiuo iaeiaiaui caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii aeioiaeia
e ?aaoee?othueo aeioiaeiuo enoi/ieeia n iaeiiai o?iaiy athaeaeaoiie
nenoaiu ia ae?oaie;
– ieacaiea oeiainiaie iiaeaea?aeee ec iaeiiai o?iaiy athaeaeaoiie
nenoaiu ae?oaiio;
– i?aaeinoaaeaiea aeioaoeee, noaaaioeee, n?aaenoa ii acaeiiui ?an/aoai;
– i?aaeinoaaeaiea n?aaenoa ia aica?aoiie iniiaa.
Ia aeiioneaaony caeeth/aiea eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo niaeaoaiee iaaeaeo
i?aaiaie ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe e?ay e i?aaiaie ianoiiai
naiioi?aaeaiey, ia?ooathueo aaeeiue ii?yaeie oi?ie?iaaiey aeioiaeia e
?anoiaeia athaeaeaoa, athaeaeaoiiai ?aaoee?iaaiey.
A oiaea eniieiaiey athaeaeaoa aaeieieno?aoeey e?ay eee i?aaiu ianoiiai
naiioi?aaeaiey ai?aaa i?eieiaoue ?aoaiey i aianaiee eciaiaiee ii
noaoueyi ?anoiaeia athaeaeaoiie eeanneoeeaoeee a i?aaeaeao
ooaa?aeaeaiiuo anneaiiaaiee ii eaaeaeiio iai?aaeaieth ?anoiaeiaaiey
n?aaenoa. E?aaaay Aeoia, i?aaenoaaeoaeueiua i?aaiu ianoiiai
naiioi?aaeaiey ai?aaa i?aaeeiaeeoue niioaaonoaaiii aaeieieno?aoeee e?ay,
i?aaio ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey a neo/ayo, aucaaiiuo iaiaoiaeeiinoueth
n?i/iiai aianaiey eciaiaiee a athaeaeao, aianoe niioaaonoaothuea
eciaiaiey n iineaaeothuei eo ooaa?aeaeaieai e?aaaie Aeoiie eee
i?aaenoaaeoaeueiui i?aaiii ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey.
Naiaiaeiue inoaoie n?aaenoa athaeaeaoa, ia?aciaaaoeeny ia ia/aei
oaeouaai oeiainiaiai aiaea, aeioiaeu athaeaeaoa, aeiiieieoaeueii
iieo/aiiua a oiaea eniieiaiey athaeaeaoa, noiiu i?aauoaiey aeioiaeia
iaae ?anoiaeaie, ia?acothueany a ?acoeueoaoa oaaee/aiey iinooieaiee a
athaeaeao eee yeiiiiee a ?anoiaeao (aeaeaa – naiaiaeiua athaeaeaoiua
n?aaenoaa), ia iiaeeaaeao ecuyoeth i?aaiaie ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe.
?aoaiea ia eo eniieueciaaiee, a oii /enea i aeiaeaiee yoeo n?aaenoa a
oicyenoaaiiua ia?ii?eyoey, a aeoeee e ae?oaea oeaiiua aoiaae, a oaeaea i
i?aaeinoaaeaiee i?ioeaioiuo e aani?ioeaioiuo athaeaeaoiuo nnoae,
i?eieiaao e?aaaay Aeoia e i?aaenoaaeoaeueiue i?aai ianoiiai
naiioi?aaeaiey n o/aoii i?aaeeiaeaiee niioaaonoaaiii aaeieieno?aoeee
e?ay e i?aaia ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey i?e oneiaee iaania/aiey
oeiaine?iaaiey ieaiiauo ?anoiaeia e ca/eneaiey n?aaenoa, iieo/aiiuo io
yoeo iia?aoeee, a niioaaonoaothuee athaeaeao.
O/ao aeioiaeiie e ?anoiaeiie /anoae e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa inouanoaeyaony
aaeieieno?aoeeae e?ay.
O/ao aeioiaeiie e ?anoiaeiie /anoae athaeaeaoia ioieoeeiaeueiuo
ia?aciaaiee inouanoaeyaony i?aaiaie ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey.
Eiio?ieue ca eniieiaieai e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa inouanoaeyao e?aaaay
Aeoia.
Eiio?ieue ca eniieiaieai athaeaeaoia ioieoeeiaeueiuo ia?aciaaiee
inouanoaeytho niioaaonoaothuea i?aaenoaaeoaeueiua i?aaiu ianoiiai
naiioi?aaeaiey.
Eiio?ieue ca i?aaeeueiinoueth eniieueciaaiey i?aaei?eyoeyie,
o/?aaeaeaieyie e i?aaiecaoeeyie auaeaeaiiuo ei ec athaeaeaoa
anneaiiaaiee inouanoaeytho aaeieieno?aoeey e?ay e i?aaiu ianoiiai
naiioi?aaeaiey.
Aaeieieno?aoeey e?ay inouanoaeyao eiio?ieue ca aeioiaeii eniieiaiey
ianoiuo athaeaeaoia a /anoe eniieueciaaiey o?ainoa?oia, aeioaoeee e
noaaaioeee, auaeaeaiiuo ec e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa.
A neo/aa iaoeaeaaiai eniieueciaaiey n?aaenoa, auaeaeaiiuo ec e?aaaiai
athaeaeaoa, ii ?aoaieth aaeieieno?aoeee e?ay, niaeaniaaiiiio n e?aaaie
Aeoiie, oeiaine?iaaiea i?ae?auaaony, a auaeaeaiiua n?aaenoaa iiaeeaaeao
aica?aoo a e?aaaie athaeaeao.
Aaeieieno?aoeey e?ay aaeaeaa?oaeueii i?aaenoaaeyao e?aaaie Aeoia
eioi?iaoeeth i oiaea e i?iaiicao eniieiaiey e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa, i
aeaeaeaiee n?aaenoa a e?aaauo aiaathaeaeaoiuo e aaethoiii oiiaeao
niaeanii eeanneoeeaoeee aeioiaeia e ?anoiaeia n iiynieoaeueiie caieneie
ia eniieiaiee e?aaaiai caeiia “I athaeaeaoiie nenoaia Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay
ia i/a?aaeiie aiae”. Eioi?iaoeey i?aaenoaaeyaony ia iicaeiaa o?aoueaai
ianyoea eaa?oaea, neaaeothuaai ca io/aoiui.
E?aaaay Aeoia ai?aaa cai?aoeaaoue io aaeieieno?aoeee e?ay
aeiiieieoaeueioth eioi?iaoeeth ii aii?inai eniieiaiey e?aaaiai
athaeaeaoa. (i. 4 a ?aae. Caeiia Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay io 27.12.96 N 88)
Io/ao ia eniieiaiee niioaaonoaothuaai athaeaeaoa i?aaenoaaeyaony ii
eoiaai oeiainiaiai aiaea.
Io/ao ia eniieiaiee e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa ca enoaeoee aiae a iauaia,
onoaiiaeaiiii e?aaaui caeiiii, n i?eeiaeaieai iiynieoaeueiie caienee, a
oaeaea io/ao ia eniieiaiee eiinieeaee?iaaiiiai athaeaeaoa a ?ac?aca
ioieoeeiaeueiuo ia?aciaaiee, io/ao ia eniieiaiee n?aaenoa
aiaathaeaeaoiuo e aaethoiiai oiiaeia aeaaa aaeieieno?aoeee e?ay
i?aaenoaaeyao a e?aaaoth Aeoio a ia?oa neaaeothuaai aiaea ca aeaa
iaaeaee aei canaaeaiey e?aaaie Aeoiu.
E?aaaay Aeoia ia iicaeiaa 1 iay ?anniao?eaaao io/ao ia eniieiaiee
e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa e eiinieeaee?iaaiiiai athaeaeaoa e?ay ca oeiainiaue
aiae ii aeieeaaeo aeaau aaeieieno?aoeee e?ay, eeai oiieiiii/aiiiai ei
aeieaeiinoiiai eeoea.
Io/ao ia eniieiaiee e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa e eiinieeaee?iaaiiiai
athaeaeaoa e?ay ca oeiainiaue aiae e?aaaay Aeoia ooaa?aeaeaao a oi?ia
e?aaaiai caeiia eeai ia ooaa?aeaeaao.
Io/ao ia eniieiaiee niioaaonoaothuaai athaeaeaoa ioieoeeiaeueiiai
ia?aciaaiey ca oeiainiaue aiae ?anniao?eaaaony e ooaa?aeaeaaony ?aoaieai
i?aaenoaaeoaeueiiai i?aaia ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey.
Ia oa??eoi?ee e?ay iiaeao aaiaeeoueny /?acau/aeiue athaeaeao.
Iniiaaieai aeey aaaaeaiey /?acau/aeiiai athaeaeaoa yaeyaony aaaaeaiea
/?acau/aeiiai iieiaeaiey e /?acau/aeiiai ?anoiaeiaaiey n?aaenoa a
?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee e ia oa??eoi?ee e?ay. Aaaaeaiea /?acau/aeiiai
athaeaeaoa e ?aaeeia /?acau/aeiiai ?anoiaeiaaiey n?aaenoa
?aaeaiaioe?oaony e?aaaui caeiiii. A ?aieao /?acau/aeiiai athaeaeaoa e
?aaeeia /?acau/aeiiai ?anoiaeiaaiey n?aaenoa oeiaine?iaaiey
i?iecaiaeeony a ?aaeeia naeaano?a.
Aaeieieno?aoeey e?ay e i?aaiu ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey i?e ninoaaeaiee
i?iaeoia athaeaeaoia, ooi/iaiee athaeaeaoia a oiaea eo eniieiaiey,
e?aaaay Aeoia e i?aaenoaaeoaeueiua i?aaiu ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey i?e
?anniio?aiee i?iaeoia athaeaeaoia, ooaa?aeaeaiee athaeaeaoia e eo
ooi/iaiee a oiaea eniieiaiey a i?aaeaeao naiae eiiiaoaioeee
niioaaonoaaiii ai?aaa:
– ii?aaeaeyoue iauai oeiaine?iaaiey ec naieo athaeaeaoia ia?ii?eyoee ii
nioeeaeueii – yeiiiie/aneiio ?acaeoeth e?ay e ioieoeeiaeueiuo
ia?aciaaiee a i?aaeaeao ieaie?oaiuo athaeaeaoiuo aeioiaeia,
i?aaenoaaeaiiuo aeioaoeee, noaaaioeee, a oaeaea n o/aoii i?eaeaeaaiuo
caaiiuo n?aaenoa;
– ii?aaeaeyoue iai?aaeaiey eniieueciaaiey n?aaenoa athaeaeaoia ia
eiaanoeoeee, nianoaaiiua oeaeaaua i?ia?aiiu, a oaeaea ia niaianoiua
i?ia?aiiu n eiuie noauaeoaie ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee, ia
aiaoiayeiiiie/aneoth aeayoaeueiinoue, ia?ii?eyoey ii io?aia ie?oaeathuae
n?aaeu (naa?o anneaiiaaiee, auaeaeyaiuo ec yeieiae/aneeo aiaathaeaeaoiuo
oiiaeia), ainnoaiiaeaiea iaiyoieeia i?e?iaeu e eoeueoo?u, iaoiaeyueony a
aaaeaiee niioaaonoaothueo i?aaiia ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe e?ay e i?aaiia
ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey, aeaaiono?ienoai ai?iaeia, iinaeeia e nae,
niaea?aeaiea e eaieoaeueiue ?aiiio aeeeeuiiai oiiaea, iauaeoia
eiiioiaeueiiai iacia/aiey, naoe aei?ia niioaaonoaothuaai cia/aiey (naa?o
auaeaeyaiuo anneaiiaaiey ec aei?iaeiiai oiiaea), ia ioaeaeu
nioeeaeueiiai iaania/aiey, cae?aaiio?aiaiey e ia?aciaaiey, iaoee e
eoeueoo?u, oece/aneie eoeueoo?u e nii?oa, n?aaenoa ianniaie eioi?iaoeee,
ia niaea?aeaiea i?aaiia ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe e?ay, i?aaiia ianoiiai
naiioi?aaeaiey e ae?oaea oeaee;
– iauaaeeiyoue ia aeiaiai?iie iniiaa n?aaenoaa naieo athaeaeaoia ni
n?aaenoaaie eiuo athaeaeaoia, a oaeaea i?aaei?eyoee, o/?aaeaeaiee,
i?aaiecaoeee, iauanoaaiiuo iauaaeeiaiee e a?aaeaeai aeey oeiaine?iaaiey
no?ieoaeuenoaa, ?aiiioa e niaea?aeaiey iauaeoia i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai e
iai?iecaiaenoaaiiiai iacia/aiey;
– ii?aaeaeyoue a onoaiiaeaiiii ii?yaeea a i?aaeaeao eiathueony n?aaenoa
aeiiieieoaeueiua eueaiou e iiniaey, a oaeaea a i?aaeaeao eiathueony
n?aaenoa i?iecaiaeeoue eiua cao?aou ia ieacaiea iiiiue ioaeaeueiui
eaoaai?eyi ianaeaiey, ioaeaeathueiny a nioeeaeueiie caueoa;
– ia?aciauaaoue a i?aaeaeao iauaia aeioiaeia naiaai athaeaeaoa
?aca?aiua e oeaeaaua oiiaeu;
– ii?aaeaeyoue ?acia?u aeioaoeee, noaaaioeee athaeaeaoai ieaeanoiyuaai
o?iaiy e eo oeaeaaia iacia/aiea.
Ii?iaoeaiua i?aaiaua aeou ia ooaa?aeaeaiee e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa, ia
eniieueciaaiee n?aaenoa e?aaauo aiaathaeaeaoiuo e aaethoiiai oiiaeia, ia
ooaa?aeaeaiee io/aoa ia eniieiaiee e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa, a oaeaea
ii?iaoeaiua i?aaiaua aeou ii eiui aii?inai, eanathueiny oi?ie?iaaiey
e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa, iiaeeaaeao ioeoeeaeueiiio iioaeeeiaaieth a
n?aaenoaao ianniaie eioi?iaoeee.
A neo/aa ioeeiiaiey e?aaaie Aeoiie i?iaeoa e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa eee
iaooaa?aeaeaiey io/aoia ia eniieiaiee e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa e
eniieueciaaiee n?aaenoa aiaathaeaeaoiuo e aaethoiiai oiiaeia a
n?aaenoaao ianniaie eioi?iaoeee aeieaeiu auoue iioaeeeiaaiu iaiaoiaeeiua
naaaeaiey i i?e/eiao i?eiyoey niioaaonoaothuaai ?aoaiey.
2. Aiaeec athaeaeaoa Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay
2.1 Aiaeec eniieiaiey aeioiaeia e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa ca 1995 – 1997 aiaeu
Aeey aiaeeca eniieiaiey aeioiaeia e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa ninoaaei oaaeeoeu
ii eniieiaieth aeioiaeia e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa ia 1995 a., 1996 a., 1997
a. (niio?e i?eeiaeaiea 4, i?eeiaeaiea 5, i?eeiaeaiea 6).
E?aaaie athaeaeao ia 1995 aiae ii aeioiaeai aue ooaa?aeaeai a noiia
1024,3 ie?ae ?oaeae .
Ii io/aoo ca 1995 aiae aeioiaeu e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa ninoaaeee 1090,4
ie?ae ?oaeae eee 106,5 % aiaeiaiai ieaia. E?iia oiai, ec Oaaea?aeueiiai
athaeaeaoa iinooieee acaeiiua ?an/aou a noiia 343554 iei ?oa.,
o?ainoa?ou a noiia 596239 iei ?oa.
Ii ioaeaeueiui aeaeai iaeiaia e aeioiaeai auiieiaiea ieaia neiaeeeinue
?acee/iui ia?acii. Ii ?yaeo iaeiaia ieai a 1995 aiaeo aue ia?aauiieiai,
a /anoiinoe:
– ii iaeiao ia i?eaueue – ia 7,39 %,
– ii aeoeecai – ia 39,87 %,
– ii iaeiao ia eiouanoai i?aaei?eyoee – ia 26,54 %,
– ii aeioiaeai io i?eaaoecaoeee – ia 26,9 %
Iaaeiiinooieaiey ii ?yaeo iaeiaia a iniiaiii naycaii n
i?iaeieaeathueiny niaaeii i?iecaiaenoaa, oaeoaeaieai e?ecena
iaieaoaaeae, oooaeoaieai oeiainiaiai ninoiyiey i?aaei?eyoee e
i?aaiecaoeee.
Iaeaieueoee oaeaeueiue aan a iauai iauaia iinooieaiee ninoaaeytho
iaeiaiaua aeioiaeu – 70 %. Iniiaiuie enoi/ieeaie aeioiaeia a 1995 aiaeo
ninoaaeee:
– iaeia ia i?eaueue – 34%,
– iaeia ia aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue – 13%,
– iiaeioiaeiue iaeia n oece/aneeo eeoe – 13%.
Ii iaeiao ia aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue ieai iinooieaiey a e?aaaie
athaeaeao ia 1995 aiae ii?aaeaeai a noiia 166100 iei ?oaeae. Oaeoe/aneia
iinooieaiea ninoaaeei 140204 iei ?oaeae, eee 84,4% e ieaio.
Iniiaiie i?e/eiie iaaeiiinooieaiey yoiai aeaea iaeiaa yaeyaony niaae
i?iecaiaenoaa e ?ino iaaeieiee. E o?iaith i?ioeiai aiaea nieaeaiea
iauaia i?iiuoeaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa ninoaaeei 23%. Iaaeieiea ii iaeiao ia
aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue ia 1.01.96 aiaea ninoaaeea 51 ie?ae ?oaeae, eee
30% io iauae noiiu iaaeieiee ii e?aaaiio athaeaeaoo e aic?inea ii
n?aaiaieth n 1994 aiaeii a 5 ?ac.
A naith i/a?aaeue, niaae i?iecaiaenoaa yaeeny ?acoeueoaoii iinoiyiiiai
iaaeinoaoea iaiaoiaeeiuo aeey ?acaeoey i?iecaiaenoaa iai?ioiuo n?aaenoa,
aucaaiiiai aunieeie oaiiaie eioeyoeee.
Iiiieiaiea iai?ioiuo n?aaenoa ca n/ao i?eaea/aiey aaieianeeo e?aaeeoia
eiaao ia?aie/aiiue oa?aeoa?, o.e. ?ac?ua iaaeaeo o?iaiai ?aioaaaeueiinoe
aieueoeinoaa oicyenoaothueo noauaeoia e?ay e noaaeaie eiiia?/aneeo
e?aaeeoia noieue aaeee, /oi aeaeaao i?eaea/aiea caaiiuo n?aaenoa e?aeia
iaauaiaeiui. Yoi onoaoaeyaony oai, /oi cia/eoaeueiia /enei i?aaei?eyoee
aiiaua ia iiaeao ?ann/eouaaoue ia iieo/aiea aaieianeiai e?aaeeoa a neeo
oeiainiaie ianinoiyoaeueiinoe (oaeaeueiue aan oauoi/iuo i?aaei?eyoee
e?ay ninoaaeyao 39,4%).
Ca 1995 aiae ieai iinooieaiey iaeiaa ia i?eaueue a e?aaaie athaeaeao
auiieiai ia 107,4% (ieai 345900 iei ?oaeae, eniieiaiea ninoaaeei 371459
iei ?oaeae). Iaaeieiea ii iaeiao ia i?eaueue ia 1.0196 aiaea ninoaaeea
107192 iei ?oaeae, eee 28,8% e iauae noiia iinooieaiee iaeiaa a e?aaaie
athaeaeao. Ca 1995 aiae ii e?aaaiio athaeaeaoo i?iecaaaeaii
acaeiica/aoia ia noiio 97335 iei ?oaeae, /oi ninoaaeyao 26,2% io anae
noiiu iaeiaa ia i?eaueue.
A 1995 aiaeo ieai iinooieaiey iaeiaa ia eiouanoai a e?aaaie athaeaeao
auiieiai ia 126,5% (ieai 10300 iei ?oaeae, eniieiaiea 13034 iei ?oaeae).
Iaaeieiea ii iaeiao ia eiouanoai ii ninoiyieth ia 1.01.96 aiaea
ninoaaeea 5104 iei ?oaeae, eee 39.2% e iauae noiia iinooieaiee iaeiaa a
e?aaaie athaeaeao. Ca 1995 aiae ii e?aaaiio athaeaeaoo i?iecaaaeaii
acaeiica/aoia ia noiio 6847,7 iei ?oaeae, /oi ninoaaeyao 52,5% io anae
noiiu iaeiaa ia eiouanoai.
I?e onoaiiaeaiiii ia 1995 aiae ieaia iiaeioiaeiiai iaeiaa a noiia
158,1 ie?ae. ?oaeae oaeoe/anee a e?aaaie athaeaeao iinooieei 138,4 ie?ae
?oaeae, /oi ninoaaeyao 87,5% e ieaio.
Iniiaiie i?e/eiie iaauiieiaiey i?iaiiciuo iieacaoaeae ii iiaeioiaeiiio
iaeiao yaeyaony caaea?aeea auieao ca?aaioiie ieaou ec-ca
iaieaoaaeaniiniaiinoe aieueoeinoaa i?aaei?eyoee e?ay e aeiiouaiiay
iaaeieiea ii ia/eneaiiui ieaoaaeai iiaeioiaeiiai iaeiaa. Iauay noiia
iaauiea/aiiie ca?aaioiie ieaou ii ninoiyieth ia 1.01.96 aiaea ninoaaeea
a oeaeii ii e?ath 291 ie?ae ?oaeae, a nayce n /ai iaaeiiieo/aii
iiaeioiaeiiai iaeiaa ia noiio 35 ie?ae ?oaeae.
Ca 1995 aiae a e?aa aeiauoi 8071 ea cieioa, 3398 ea ieaoeiu, 3380 oiii
ieiaa, 1528 oun. oiii oaey. I?e i?iaiica iinooieaiey ieaou ca iaae?a a
1995 aiaeo 8800 iei ?oaeae, oaeoe/anee a e?aaaie athaeaeao ca/eneaii
8544 iei ?oaeae. Ca n/ao caaea?aeaiiuo a aaieao iaeiaiauo ieaoaaeae a
e?aaaie athaeaeao iaaeiiinooieei n ?aeiiia aeiau/e ieiei 2 ie?ae ?oaeae
ieaoaaeae ca i?aai iieueciaaiey iaae?aie.
A e?aaaie athaeaeao noiiu caiaeueiiai iaeiaa iinooiaee ca n/ao
oeaio?aeecaoeee 40% caiaeueiiai iaeiaa e a?aiaeiie ieaou ca caiee
ai?iaeia e iinaeeia. A 1995 aiaeo a e?aaaie athaeaeao ca/eneaii 8689
iei ?oaeae i?ioea 11686 iei ?oaeae ii i?iaiiciiio ?an/aoo. Iieiaeia yoeo
n?aaenoa (4345 iei ?oaeae) iiaeeaaeeo ia?a/eneaieth a ?anioaeeeaineee
athaeaeao. Ia auiieiai ieai ii caiaeueiiio iaeiao athaeaeaoaie iaeaieaa
e?oiiuo ai?iaeia e?ay – Oaaa?ianea, Eiiniiieuenea-ia-Aio?a, Niaaoneie
Aaaaie, Aio?nea. A e?aa iacaaa?oaia eiaaioa?ecaoeey caiaeue, ia ana
ieaoaeueueee eiatho niioaaonoaothuea aeieoiaiou ia i?aai iieueciaaiey
caiaeueiuie o/anoeaie, niioaaonoaaiii ia ana iieueciaaoaee caieae noiyo
ia o/aoa ieaoaeueueeaie caiaeueiiai iaeiaa.
A io/aoiii 1995 aiaeo auei iaania/aii 10 auioneia a ia?auaiea aaenaeae
aaeieieno?aoeee e?ay ia iauoth noiio 23 ie?ae ?oaeae. A n?aaeiai
eaaeaeue aaenaeue eiae 3-4 aea?aeaoaeae, /oi iicaieeei ianeieueei
nieceoue e?ecen iaieaoaaeae a e?aa e i?iaanoe ?an/aoia ia noiio 75 ie?ae
?oaeae. Iaeiaei a io/aoiii ia?eiaea i?iaeieaeaeny ?ino iaaeieiee ii
iaeiaai e aeioiaeai a e?aaaie athaeaeao.
Aeoeaece?iaaeanue ?aaioa ii eiio?ieth ca ninoiyieai ieaoaaeiie
aeenoeeieeiu. Aii?inu ninoiyiey ieaoaaeiie aeenoeeieeiu aaieia e
i?aaei?eyoee nenoaiaoe/anee ?anniao?eaathony ia e?aaaie eiiennee ii
yooaeoeaiiio eniieueciaaieth oeiainiauo ?ano?nia.
?ac?aaaouaathony e ooaa?aeaeathony a?aoeee iiaaoaiey caaeieaeaiiinoe,
iaia/athony aiciiaeiua iaoaieciu i?iaaaeaiey ca/aoia. A io/aoiii aiaeo
?aaioa, i?iaaaeaiiay n i?aaei?eyoeyie, i?aaiecaoeeyie e oeii?aaiaie ii
acaeiica/aoai aeioiaeia e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa ia noiio 215,3 ie?ae ?oaeae
iicaieeea nieceoue oaiiu ?inoa iaaeieiee. Aeiey ieaoaaeae a e?aaaie
athaeaeao iooai i?iaaaeaiey ca/aoia e aaenaeyie ninoaaeea 20% io iauae
noiiu aeioiaeia e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa.
Oaaee/aieth iaaeieiee, ianaiaa?aiaiiiio ia?a/eneaieth ieaoaaeae a
athaeaeao niinianoaotho eiiia?/aneea aaiee, eioi?ua eiatho aeaaaoiaia
naeueaei ia ei??aniiiaeaioneeo n/aoao ( AeaeueINA, EiiaeAIA, Iaeaaie, EA
“Aecii-eaieoae”, Aaaaiueeiiaaie e ae?. anaai 25 aaieia ec 93 ). Ii
ninoiyieth ia 1.01.96 aiaea i?iaaaeaii 203 i?iaa?ee eiiia?/aneeo aaieia,
auyaeaii 11523 neo/aaa caaea?aeee eniieiaiey ii?o/aiee
iaeiaiieaoaeueueeia ia ia?a/eneaiea 95,5 ie?ae ?oaeae. Caaea?aeea
eniieiaiee aieaa 30 aeiae auyaeaia a 1287 neo/ayo.
I?iaeieaeaao nio?aiyony aunieee o?iaaiue e?eieiiaaiiinoe a iaeiaiaie
noa?a. Ca 1995 aiae ainiaeiaeiniaeoeeyie e iaeiaiaie iieeoeeae e?ay
auyaeaii 6099 ia?ooaiee o th?eaee/aneeo eeoe eee 22.3% io anao
ca?aaeno?e?iaaiiuo i?aaei?eyoee. Ia?ooaiey iaeiaiaiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa
ii iaeiao ia i?eaueue auyaeaiu ii 1365 i?iaa?eai (22.4% io iauaai
eiee/anoaa i?iaa?ie iaeiaiaiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa), ii iaeiao ia
aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue – ii 1501 i?iaa?eai (24,6% ).
A enoaeoai aiaeo ii-i?aaeiaio iaeaieaa e?eieiiaaiiuie o/anoeaie a
iaeiaiaie noa?a yaeyeenue oi?aiai – caeoii/iay,
i?iecaiaenoaaiii-iin?aaeie/aneay e aiaoiayeiiiie/aneay aeayoaeueiinoue.
Eeaee?othuaa iieiaeaiea ii eiee/anoao ia?ooaiee caieiatho OII. Ia eo
aeieth i?eoiaeeony nauoa 60% io iauaai /enea auyaeaiiuo ia?ooaiee
iaeiaiaiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa.
Oa?aeoa?iuie niiniaaie nie?uoey aeioiaeia io iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey
yaeythony: caieaeaiea iauaia ?aaeeciaaiiie i?iaeoeoeee, nie?uoea au?o/ee
io ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoeoeee, caauoaiea naaanoieiinoe iooai
iaiainiiaaiiiai ioianaiey e iae ?anoiaeia, niaa?oaiea
oeiainiai-oicyenoaaiiuo iia?aoeee n iieaoie iaee/iuie.
Iaiaoeeanue oaiaeaioeey e ?inoo e ae?oaeo niiniaia nie?uoey aeioiaeia
io iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey: iaii?eoiaeiaaiea iaee/iie au?o/ee, iaio?aaeaiea
i?eauee, iieo/aiiie io i?aaeinoaaeaiey e?aaeeoia, aanoaeoo?iue ioione
oiaa?ii-iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae.
Ia?aie/eaathuei oaeoi?ii ?inoa iaeiaia, ?an/aoiie aacie eioi?uo
yaeyaony oiiae iieaou o?oaea (iiaeioiaeiue iaeia n oec. eeoe,
o?ainii?oiue iaeia, nai? ia ioaeaeu ia?aciaaoaeueiuo o/?aaeaeaiee),
yaeyaony ieceee o?iaaiue ca?aaioiie ieaou. Aunieee oaeaeueiue aan
oauoi/iuo i?aaei?eyoee naea?aeeaaao i?e?ino iaeiaa ia i?eaueue, a ieceee
o?iaaiue i?iecaiaenoaa oiaa?ia e oneoa (niaae i?iecaiaenoaa e o?iaith
1994 aiaea ninoaaee: iio?aaeoaeueneeo oiaa?ia – 21,4%,
iai?iaeiaieuenoaaiiuo oiaa?ia – 29,1%, i?iaeiaieuenoaaiiuo oiaa?ia (aac
aeeiaieueiuo iaieoeia) – 24,4%) naea?aeeaaao i?e?ino iaeiaa ia
aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue.
E?aaaie athaeaeao ia 1996 aiae ii aeioiaeai aue ooaa?aeaeai a noiia
1864873 ieeeeiiia ?oaeae.
Ii io/aoo ca 1996 aiae iinooieei aeioiaeia a noiia 1571800 ieeeeiiia
?oaeae. E?iia oiai ec oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa 1082102 ieeeeiiia ?oaeae
acaeiiuo ?an/aoia e o?ainoa?oia. O/eouaay n?aaenoaa oaaea?aeueiiai
athaeaeaoa, aeioiaeiay /anoue athaeaeaoa ninoaaeea 2653902 ieeeeiiia
?oaeae.
?ino aeioiaeia ii n?aaiaieth n 1995 aiaeii ninoaaee 1.3 ?aca.
Iaeaieueoee oaeaeueiue aan a no?oeoo?a aeioiaeia caieiatho iaeiaiaua
iinooieaiey – 77 % . Eo aeiey ii n?aaiaieth n i?ioeui aiaeii auoa ia 7
%. Iniiaiuie enoi/ieeaie aeioiaeia a 1996 aiaeo ii-i?aaeiaio inoathony
neaaeothuea iaeiae:
– iaeia ia i?eaueue – 21 %;
– iiaeioiaeiue iaeia n oec.eeoe – 15 %;
– IAeN – 16 %.
Ii ?yaeo iaeiaia, oaeeo eae niaoeiaeia, iaeia ia eiouanoai, ieaoa ca
iaae?a ieai ia?aauiieiai niioaaonoaaiii ia 148 %, 35 %, 4 %. Yoi
i?iecioei a ?acoeueoaoa i?iaaaeaiiuo a aeaeaa?a 1996 aiaea acaeiica/aoia
e caeeth/eoaeueiuo iai?ioia.
Iaaeiiinooieaiey ii ?yaeo iaeiaia naycaii n i?iaeieaeathueiny niaaeii
i?iecaiaenoaa, oaeoaeaieai e?ecena iaieaoaaeae, oooaeoaieai oeiainiaiai
ninoiyiey i?aaei?eyoee e i?aaiecaoeee. Ca 1996 aiae nieaeaiea iauaiia
i?iiuoeaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa ninoaaeei 12,7 %. Ec – ca
iaieaoaaeaniiniaiinoe iiiaeo i?aaei?eyoee ia?aciaaeny aaieianeee
e?ecen, a aaieao ia ei?n/aoao inaei 275 ie?ae ?oaeae, ec ieo a e?aaaie
athaeaeao ia iiaeao iinooieoue 8 ie?ae. ?oaeae. Iinooieaiea a ?ac?aca
iaeiaia neiaeeeinue neaaeothuei ia?acii.
Ii iaeiao ia aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue iinooieaiey a e?aaaie athaeaeao
ca aiae ninoaaeee a noiia 250700 iei ?oa. eee 98,31 % e ooi/iaiiiio
ieaio (255000 iei ?oa.). Iaaeiiinooieei 4300 iei ?oa. e ooi/iaiiiio
ieaio. A nayce n i?iaaaeaieai acaeiica/aoia ii iiaaoaieth iaaeieiee a
noiia 185000 iei ?oaeae, iieiinoueth iiaaoaia iaaeieiea ii IAeN
neaaeothueie i?aaei?eyoeyie: Oi?aaeaieai AeAAEAe, AI “Oaaa?ianeyia?ai”,
AI “Ai?aiaeieaiae” a.Oaaa?ianea.
Ieai iinooieaiey ii iaeiao ia i?eaueue a e?aaaie athaeaeao auiieiai
ia 95,83 % . Eniieiaiea ninoaaeei 14400 iei ?oa. i?e ieaia 345600 iei
?oa. Iniiaiay i?e/eia iaaeiiinooieaiey iaeiaa ia i?eaueue – oaaee/aiea
/enea oauoi/iuo i?aaei?eyoee. Iniiaiie ieaoaeueuee yoiai iaeiaa
Oi?aaeaiea AeAAEAe iieo/eei oauoee. Ca 1996 aiae auei i?iecaaaeaii
acaeiica/aoia ia iauoth noiio 137700 iei ?oa. , /oi ninoaaeyao 41,6 %
io noiiu iaeiaa ia i?eaueue.
Ieai iinooieaiey iaeiaa ia eiouanoai a e?aaaie athaeaeao auiieiai ia
135.32 % (ooi/iaiiue ieai 16701 iei.?oa., eniieiaiea 22600 iei.?oa. ).
Ieai ia?aauiieiai a ?acoeueoaoa i?iaaaeaiiuo acaeiica/aoia ia noiio 9200
iei.?oa. eee 40,7 % e iauae noiia iinooieaiee ii aeaiiiio iaeiao.
Ii iiaeioiaeiiio iaeiao ooi/iaiiue ieai ia 1996 aiae ii?aaeaeai a
noiia 221100 iei ?oa., oaeoe/anee aai iinooieei a e?aaaie athaeaeaoia
niioaaonoaee n onoaiiaeaiiuie ii?iaoeaaie ?ani?aaeaeaiey oaaea?aeueiuo
iaeiaia, 227900 iei ?oa., /oi ninoaaeyao 103,8 % . Ii n?aaiaieth n
niioaaonoaothuei ia?eiaeii i?ioeiai aiaea iauay noiia iiaeioiaeiiai
iaeiaa , iinooieaoay a e?aaaie athaeaeao aic?inea a 1,64 ?aca. Iaeiaei
a e?aa iaaethaeaaony iaee/ea i?in?i/aiiie caaeieaeaiiinoe iaauiea/aiiie
ca?aaioiie ieaou, eioi?ay ia eiiaoe 1996 aiaea ninoaaeea 665900 iei ?oa.
(ii n?aaiaieth n ia/aeii aiaea iia aic?inea aieaa , /ai a 2 ?aca), a
yoi oiaiueoaao iinooieaiea iiaeioiaeiiai iaeiaa a e?aaaie athaeaeao.
E?iia, oiai iaaeieiea ii iiaeioiaeiiio iaeiao ia 1 yiaa?y 1997 aiaea
ninoaaeea 7700 iei ?oa.
Ieai ii caiaeueiiio iaeiao ii?aaeaeai a noiia 8800 iei ?oa. A e?aaaie
athaeaeao oeaio?aeeciaaii caiaeueiiai iaeiaa a noiia 21000 iei ?oa.
Ieai ii caiaeueiiio iaeiao ia?aauiieiai ia 138.6 % . Iaeiaei ec-ca
ino?ie iaoaaoee oeiaine?iaaiey a e?aaaii athaeaeaoa n?aaenoaa,
i?e/eoathueany ia?a/eneaieth a oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao a noiia 12600 iei
?oa., auee iai?aaeaiu ia iiaaoaiea caaeieaeaiiinoe ii ca?aaioiie ieaoa
?aaioieeai athaeaeaoiie noa?u. A a Ieienoa?noaa Oeiainia yoio aii?in
ieaie?oaony ?ac?aoeoue i?iaaaeaieai acaeiica/aoa.
Iaiaeiaiaua aeioiaeu ninoaaeee 479240 iei ?oa. Ec ieo ieai ii
aeioiaeai io i?eaaoecaoeee ia?aauiieiai ia 46.6 % . A a ninoaaa i?i/eo
iaiaeiaiauo iinooieaiee – aica?ao e?aaeeoia – 106500 iei ?oa. ,
iinooieaiey a iiaaoaiea aeaoeoeeoa athaeaeaoa – 16900 iei ?oa., aica?ao
nnoae. – 37500 iei ?oa., i?i/ea iinooieaiey .
A e?aaaie athaeaeao ia 1997 aiae auei caieaie?iaaii iieo/eoue 1532175
iei ?oa. Ii io/aoo ca 1997 aiae a e?aaaie athaeaeao iinooieei 1411700
iei ?oa., /oi ninoaaeei 92.14 % e aiaeiaiio ieaio. Aeiey nianoaaiiuo
aeioiaeia a io/aoiii aiaeo auea oaaee/aia ca n/ao aaaaeaiiiai iaeiaa n
?icie/iuo i?iaeaae, eioi?ue caiaiee iaeia ia ?icie/iue oiaa?iiai?io.
Noiia iinooieaiey ii yoiio iaeiao ninoaaeea 389,6 iei ?oa.
Ii ?yaeo iaeiaia ieai a 1997 aiaeo iaaeiauiieiai. Yoi ii oaeei iaeiaai,
eae:
– IAeN – ia 11,3 %;
– aeoeecu – ia 1,4 %;
– i?i/ea iaeiae ia oiaa?u e oneoae – ia 38,3 %
– ieaoaaee ca iieueciaaiea i?e?iaeiuie ?ano?naie – ia 8,7 %.
Ia iinooieaiea aeioiaeia a athaeaeao aucaaii i?iaeieaeathueiny niaaeii
i?iecaiaenoaa. Yooaeoeaiay iaeiaiaay iieeoeea naea?aeeaaaony e?ecenii
ieaoaaeae. Iinoiyiii i?ienoiaeeo nieaeaiea i?iiuoeaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa,
oooaeoaiea oeiainiaiai ninoiyiey i?aaei?eyoee oaaee/eaaao acaeiiua
iaieaoaaee iaaeaeo i?aaei?eyoeyie, caaeieaeaiiinoue a athaeaeao. Noiia
caaeieaeaiiinoe a athaeaeao ninoaaeyao 120475 iei ?oa.
Io?eoeaoaeueiia aeeyiea ia iinooieaiey a athaeaeao ieacae e e?ecen
aaieianeie nenoaiu. Aeaaaeoeaoue iyoue eiiia?/aneeo aaieia a nayce n
ionoonoaeai n?aaenoa ia ei??aniiiaeaioneeo n/aoao a ?EOe ia i?iecaiaeyo
?an/aou n athaeaeaoii.
Ia nieaeaiea oaiiia iinooieaiey iaeiaia a eiioea aiaea iiaeeyei
oaeaea eniieiaiea ia oa??eoi?ee Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay Oeaca I?aceaeaioa ?O
io 18. 08.96 a. N 1212. Ii aeaiiui iaeiaiaie einiaeoeee ana aaiee a
niioaaonoaee n yoei Oeacii ia?aianoeee ieaoaaeiua ii?o/aiey ii
ia?a/eneaieth ieaoaaeae a athaeaeao n o?aoueae ia /aoaa?ooth i/a?aaeue,
a ?acoeueoaoa yoiai, cia/eoaeueiua noiiu e acuneaieth ii ieaoaaeiui
ii?o/aieyi a iaineiiiue oiiae, oiiae nioeeaeueiiai no?aoiaaiey e
caiyoinoe iaoiaeyony ia?aae ieaoaaeaie a athaeaeao , i?e/ai ?acia?u
yoeo ieaoaaeae iinoiyiii oaaee/eaathony.
A oneiaeyo e?ecena ieai ii iaeiao ia i?eaueue iaaeiauiieiai ia 4,78% .
I?e ieaia 310000 iei ?oa., iaeiaa ia i?eaueue iinooieei 294900 iei ?oa.
A 1997 aiaeo auee i?iaaaeaiu acaeiica/aou n i?aaei?eyoeyie AI
“Oaaa?ianeyia?ai” e Oi?aaeaieai AeAAEAe ia iauoth noiio 83000 iei ?oa.
Yoi iicaieeei ia oieueei iiaaneoue caaeieaeaiiinoue yoeo i?aaei?eyoee,
ii e caaanoe oiieeai a ai?iaea e ?aeiiu e?ay. Iaeiaei, ieai ii iaeiao
ia auiieiai e iniiaiay i?e/eia iaaeiiinooieaiey iaeiaa – nio?aiaiea
cia/eoaeueiiai /enea oauoi/iuo i?aaei?eyoee, oaeaeueiue aan eioi?uo e
iauaio /eneo i?aaei?eyoee ninoaaeyao 53 %. Iaeaieueoaa /enei oauoi/iuo
i?aaei?eyoee – o?ainii?oiua, /a?iay e oeaaoiay iaoaeeo?aey,
iaoeiino?iaiea e iaoaeeiia?aaioea, eaniay e aea?aaiia?aaaouaathuay
i?iiuoeaiiinoue.
I?e onoaiiaeaiiii ia 1997 aiae ieaia iiaeioiaeiiai iaeiaa a noiia
347400 iei ?oa. oaeoe/anee a e?aaaie athaeaeao a niioaaonoaee n
onoaiiaeaiiuie ii?iaoeaaie ?ani?aaeaeaiey , iinooieei 348600 iei.
?oa., /oi ninoaaeei 100, 4 % e aiaeiaiio ieaio. Ii n?aaiaieth n
niioaaoaothuei ia?eiaeii i?ioeiai aiaea iauay noiia iiaeioiaeiiai
iaeiaa, iinooieaoaai a e?aaaie athaeaeao aic?inea a 1,53 ?aca. Iaeiaei
a e?aa i?iaeieaeaaony iaee/ea i?in?i/aiiie caaeieaeaiiinoe
iaauiea/aiiie ca?ieaou, eioi?ay ia 1.01.98 aiaea ninoaaeei 36000 iei
?oa. Ec noiiu, iinooieaoaai iiaeioiaeiiai iaeiaa a e?aaaie athaeaeao
auei i?iaaaeaii acaeiica/aoia ia noiio 52290 iei ?oa.
Iaeia ia eiouanoai a e?aaaie athaeaeao iinooiee a noiia 11000 iei
?oa., eee 101,8 % e ieaiiaiio iieacaoaeth (10800 iei ?oa.). Ieai
ia?aauiieiai ia 1,8 %. Yoi i?iecioei a ?acoeueoaoa i?aaeinoaaeaiiie
eueaiou Oi?aaeaieth AeAAEAe. Aeioiaeu ii iaeiao ia eiouanoai io
Oi?aaeaiey AeAAEAe a 1997 aiaeo ninoaaeee 5000 iei ?oa.
Iinooieaiey ii ieaoaaeai ca iieueciaaiea i?e?iaeiuie ?ano?naie
ninoaaeee 80271 iei ?oa., eee 91,33 % e ieaio (87888 iei. ?oa.) . A
e?aaaii athaeaeaoa ieaoaaee ca i?e?iaeiua ?ano?nu oi?ie?othony ca n/ao
25 % io/eneaiee ieaou ca aeiau/o oaey, ae?aaioeaiiuo e oeaaoiuo
iaoaeeia, io/eneaiee io aini?iecaiaenoaa ieia?aeueii-nu?ueaaie aacu, a
oaeaea io oeaio?aeecaoeee 50 % caiaeueiiai iaeiaa ca caiee ai?iaeia e
iinaeeia. Ec anao yoeo iaeiaia ia auiieiai ieai oieueei ii io/eneaieyi
ia aini?iecaiaenoai ieia?aeueii-nu?ueaaie aacu. Ec 60000 iei ?oa.
ieaie?oaiuo iinooieei anaai 32844 iei ?oa.
A 1997 aiaeo ii aeioiaeai io i?eaaoecaoeee ieai aue ii?aaeaeai a
noiia 54000 iei ?oa. Eniieiaiea ii aeaiiiio aeaeo iaeiaa ninoaaeei
54100 iei ?oa. eee 100.2. % e ieaiiaiio iieacaoaeth. Ieai auiieiai
aeaaiaea?y i?iaeaaea a ethea 1997 aiaea aeoeee i?aaei?eyoee
oaaea?aeueiie nianoaaiiinoe, iaoiaeyueony ia oa??eoi?ee e?ay. A
?acoeueoaoa yoie iia?aoeee a e?aaaie athaeaeao iinooieei 3900 iei ?oa.
I?iaiaeece?oai iinooieaiea aeioiaeia a e?aaaie athaeaeao Oaaa?ianeiai
e?ay a aeeiaieea ca 1995 – 1997 aiaeu(niio?e i?eeiaeaiea 7).
Eae aeaeii ec oaaeeoeu iaeaieueoee oaeaeueiue aan a iauai iauaia
iaeiaiauo iinooieaiee ninoaaeytho neaaeothuea iaeiae: iaeia ia i?eaueue,
iiaeioiaeiue iaeia n oece/aneeo eeoe, iaeiae ia oiaa?u e oneoae (n?aaee
ieo iaeaieueoee oaeaeueiue aan i?eoiaeeony ia IAeN).
Oaeaeueiue aan ii iaeiao ia i?eaueue a 1995 a., 1996 a., 1997 a.
nieceeny n 18 % aei 10% . Nieaeaiea oaeaeueiiai aana ii iaeiao ia
i?eaueue iiaeii iauynieoue oai, /oi ia/eiay n 1996 aiaea nieceeanue
iaeiaiiaeaaaaiay aaca ii yoiio iaeiao, a eiaiii, auea ioiaiaia /anoue
iaeiaa ia i?eaueue aceiaaiie ca i?aauoaiea eeieoa ii oiiaeo iieaou
o?oaea.
Oaeaeueiue aan iiaeioiaeiiai iaeiaa n oece/aneeo eeoe ii n?aaiaieth n
1995 aiaeii oaaee/eeny a 1996 aiaeo ia 2,2 %e ninoaaee 8,6 % a iauae
noiia aeioiaeia, a a 1997 aiaeo aai aeiey oaaee/eeanue aei 11 %. Oioy
a e?aa iaaethaeaaony aieueoay caaea?aeea ii auieaoa ca?aaioiie ieaou,
oaaee/aiea oaeaeueiiai aana iauyniyaony iiauoaieai ca?aaioiie ieaou a
nayce n iinoiyiiui ia?anoaieai eioeyoeee. E?iia oiai, a 1997 aiaeo auei
i?iaaaeaii aieueoia eiee/anoai acaeiica/aoia n AI “Oaaa?ianeyia?ai“ ii
iiaeioiaeiiio iaeiao n oece/aneeo eeoe.
Oaeaeueiue aan ii iaeiaai ia oiaa?u e oneoae a 1996 aiaeo oaaee/eeny
ii n?aaiaieth n 1995 aiaeii ia 7,6 %, a a 1997 aiaeo nieceeny ii
n?aaiaieth n 1996 aiaeii ia 4 % . Oaaee/aiea oaeaeueiiai aana ii
iaeiaai ia oiaa?u e oneoae iauyniyaony oaaee/aieai oaeaeueiiai aana
oaeeo iaeiaia eae IAeN, aeoeecu. Ia nieaeaiea oaeaeueiiai aana ii
iaeiaai ia oiaa?u e oneoae iiaeeyei nieaeaiea oaeaeueiiai aana ii
niaoeiaeiao e i?i/eo iaeiaia ia oiaa?u e oneoae.
Iaeaieueoee oaeaeueiue aan n?aaee iaeiaia ia oiaa?u e oneoae
i?eoiaeeony ia iaeia ia aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue. Aai oaeaeueiue aan
ii n?aaiaieth n 1995 aiaeii aic?in n 7% aei 8 %. Oaaee/aiea oaeaeueiiai
aana ii IAeN ia oiia nieaeaiey iauaia i?iecaiaenoaa i?iecioei a
?acoeueoaoa i?iaaaeaiey acaeiica/aoia ii iiaaoaieth iaaeieiee n
i?aaei?eyoeyie: AI “Oaaa?ianeyia?ai”, Oi?aaeaieai AeAAEAe, AI
“Ai?aiaeieaiae” a. Oaaa?ianea.
Oaeaeueiue aan ii aeoeecai oaaee/eeny n 2% aei 4% a ?acoeueoaoa
oaaee/aiey iauaiia iiaeaeoeeciuo oiaa?ia e i?iaaaeaiey acaeiica/aoia.
Oaeaeueiue aan ii niaoeiaeiao nieceeny n 1% aei 0.4% . Yoi iauyniyaony
oai, /oi niaoeiaeia aue ioiaiai a 1995 aiaeo e a e?aaaie athaeaeao
aeiiinooiatho ia/eneaiiua ?aiaa noiiu yoiai iaeiaa, a oaeaea auee
i?iaaaeaiu acaeiica/aou ii ca/eneaieth niaoeiaeiaa a e?aaaie athaeaeao.
.
Oaeaeueiue aan ii ieaoaaeai ca iieueciaaiea i?e?iaeiuie ?ano?naie
oaaee/eaaeny ia i?ioyaeaiee o?ao eao. A 1995 aiaeo oaeaeueiue aan
ieaoaaeae ninoaaeye 1%, a 1997 aiaeo oaeaeueiue aan a iauae noiia
iinooieaiee ninoaaee 3 %. Oaeia oaaee/aiea ii aeaiiiio aeaeo iaeiaa
iauyniyaony oaaee/aieai oaeaeueiiai aana oaeeo iaeiaia eae io/eneaiee
ia aini?iecaiaenoai INA e caiaeueiiai iaeiaa. Oaeaeueiue aan io/eneaiee
ia aini?iecaiaenoai INA ii n?aaiaieth n 1995 aiaeii aic?in a aeaa
?aca. Yoi i?iecioei a ?acoeueoaoa oiai, /oi n 1996 aiaea aeaiiue iaeia
noae iinooiaoue a e?aaaie athaeaeao (?aiaa ii ia?a/eneyeny a
oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao). Oaeaeueiue aan ii caiaeueiiio iaeiao oaeaea
aic?in n 0.4 % a 1995 aiaeo aei 1% a 1997 aiaeo a ?acoeueoaoa oaaee/aiey
noaaie ii iaeiao a aeaa ?aca.
N?aaee iaiaeiaiauo aeioiaeia aeioiaeu io i?eaaoecaoeee aic?inee n 1995
ii 1997 aiae n 0.2 % aei 2% . Oaeia ?aceia oaaee/aiea i?iecioei a
?acoeueoaoa i?iaeaaee a ethea 1997 aiaea aeoeee i?aaei?eyoee
oaaea?aeueiie nianoaaiiinoe, iaoiaeyuaeny ia oa??eoi?ee Oaaa?ianeiai
e?ay (ia noiio 3900 iei ?oa.).
Iiaeaiaey eoiae eniieiaiey aeioiaeia e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa ca 1995 – 1997
aiaeu neaaeoao ia?aoeoue aieiaiea ia niaa?oainoaiaaiea iaoaiecia ?aoaiey
neaaeothueo i?iaeai:
1. Iaiaoiaeeii io?aaioaoue iaoaieci ?aaiou n iaaeieiueeaie, iooai
iaeiaeaiey a?anoa ia eo eiouanoai e ?aaeecaoeeth yoiai eiouanoaa a n/ao
iaoiea/aiiuo iaeiaia e nai?ia a e?aaaie athaeaeao.
2. Eiiiaoaioiui i?aaiai (iaeiaiaay einiaeoeey, iaeiaiaay iieeoeey,
oaaea?aeueiia eacia/aenoai) iaiaoiaeeii inouanoaeyoue ia ?aciaue, a
nenoaiaoe/aneee eiio?ieue ca naea/ae i?aaei?eyoeyie iaee/iuo
aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa ia ?an/aoiue n/ao a aaie, ca ?an/aoaie n
athaeaeaoii (oioy au iaeaieaa e?oiiuo i?aaei?eyoee e
iaeiaiieaoaeueueeia).
3. Iaiaoiaeeia eii?aeeiaoeey ?aaiou eiiia?/aneeo aaieia a oii ieaia,
/oiau ?an/aou n athaeaeaoii ii ieaoaaeai a athaeaeao e aiaathaeaeaoiua
oiiaeu i?iaiaeeeenue naiaa?aiaiii e a iieiii iauaia.
4. Aieueoeinoai athaeaeaoiuo i?aaiecaoeee, iaoiaeyueony ia
oeiaine?iaaiee e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa ianeoaeeaathony a EA “
Aeaeueeiiaaiea” eae e e?aaaie athaeaeao. Yoi iicaieyao onei?eoue
?an/aou iaaeaeo athaeaeaoii e i?aaiecaoeeyie. N oeaeueth onei?aiey
?an/aoia iaaeaeo oicyenoaothueie noauaeoaie iaiaoiaeeii i?iaiaeeoue
?aaioo ii aeaeueiaeoaio ?acaeoeth ioeoeeaeueiie naoe EA
“Aeaeueeiiaaiea” eae aaiea, ianeoaeeaathuaai e?aaaie athaeaeao.
A oneiaeyo ?acaeaathuaainy e?ecena a aaieianeie noa?a yoi iaania/eo
onei?aiea i?ioiaeaeaiey ieaoaaeae e iiauneo ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoue aaiea
e aai oeeeaeia (i?iecieaeao iieiue ia?aoiae ia aeieoiaioiiai?io a
yeaeo?iiiii aeaea).
5. Iaiaoiaeeii ia?aniio?aoue eueaiou ii ieaoaaeai a athaeaeao,
oaeanoi/eoue e?eoa?ee i?aaeinoaaeaiey ion?i/ae ii ieaoaaeai a
athaeaeao.
2.2 Aiaeec eniieiaiey ?anoiaeia e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa ca 1995 – 1997
aiaeu
Aeey aiaeeca eniieiaiey ?anoiaeia e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa ninoaaei ni?aaee
ii eniieiaieth ?anoiaeia e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa ia 1995 a., 1996 a., 1997
a. (niio?e i?eeiaeaiea 8, i?eeiaeaiea 9, i?eeiaeaiea 10).
E?aaaie athaeaeao ii ?anoiaeai 1995 aiaea aue ooaa?aeaeai a noiia
2196871 iei.?oa. Aeaoeoeeo athaeaeaoa – a noiia 232778 iei.?oa.
Iie?uoue aeaoeoeeo ieaie?iaaeinue ca n/ao n?aaenoa ec oaaea?aeueiiai
athaeaeaoa.
A e?aa nio?aiyaony iai?yaeaiiay ianoaiiaea a oeiainiaie noa?a. Iia
onoaoaeyaony oai, /oi ?yae ia?ii?eyoee (eiaeaenaoeey ca?aaioiie ieaou)
ia iaania/eaaaony niioaaonoaothueie iinooieaieyie ec oaaea?aeueiiai
athaeaeaoa. Yoi iaaaoeaii iiaeeyei ia oeiaine?iaaiea nioeeaeueii
cia/eiuo noa?. A 1995 aiaeo aeiiieieoaeueiua cao?aou, naycaiiua n
oaaee/aieai ca?aaioiie ieaou ?aaioieeia athaeaeaoiie noa?u e iiniaee ia
aeaoae ninoaaeee a oeaeii 526000 iei ?oa. E?iia oiai, auee auaeaeaiu
n?aaenoaa ia iiaeaea?aeeo naaa?iuo oa??eoi?ee a noiia 28900 iei ?oa.
Oaeei ia?acii, aeioiaeia, aeeoioee?iaaiiuo a e?aaaie athaeaeao
ieacaeinue iaaeinoaoi/ii aeey oeiaine?iaaiey caieaie?iaaiiuo ?anoiaeia.
Oeiaine?iaaiea o/?aaeaeaiee i?iecaiaeeeinue a ia?o oaeoe/aneiai
iinooieaiey aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa a e?aaaie athaeaeao. A ia?aoth i/a?aaeue
oeiaine?iaaeenue caueuaiiua noaouee athaeaeaoa (iniiaiay aeiey i?eoeanue
ia ca?aaioioth ieaoo – 70%-90 %).
Oeiaine?iaaiea ii io?aneyi e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa neeaaeuaaeinue
neaaeothuei ia?acii.
Oeiaine?iaaiea oaeeo io?aneae eae ainoaea?noaaiiia oi?aaeaiea,
i?aaiio?aieoaeueiua i?aaiu, io?aia ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu i?iecaiaeeeinue
oieueei ia ca?aaioioth ieaoo a nayce n iaaeiiinooieaieai n?aaenoa a
e?aaaie athaeaeao.
Ia oeiaine?iaaiea AEEO a io/aoiii aiaeo auei iai?aaeaiii 70236 iei ?oa.
eee 65,7% io ieaie?oaiuo ?anoiaeia. A oeaeyo iaania/aiey ?aaeecaoeee
ia?ii?eyoee ii iiaeaioiaea yoie io?anee e ?aaioa a ceiieo oneiaeyo auee
ia?aciaaiu e?aaaua oiiaeu oeiaine?iaaiey oeacaiiuo ia?ii?eyoee. A
/anoiinoe, a oa/aiea 1995 aiaea ec oiiaea AEEO oa??eoi?eyi e?ay auei
auaeaeaii 26000 iei ?oa. Yoe n?aaenoaa ia eiiaoe aiaea aeieaeiu auee
aica?aoeoue aaeieieno?aoeee oa??eoi?ee e?ay n oieaoie 40 % noaaie ca
iieueciaaiea eie.
Ia ?acaeoea naeueneiai oicyenoaa a 1995 aiaeo auei iai?aaeaiii 112604
iei ?oa., /oi ninoaaeei eeoue 59 % io aiaeiaiai ieaia. Ia ieacaiea
iiiiue e?anoueyineei (oa?ia?neei) oicyenoaai iai?aaeaiii ieiei 2000 iei
?oa. Aeey iaania/aiey naeueneioicyenoaaiiuo i?iecaiaeeoaeae ANI aue
i?aaeinoaaeai oiaa?iue e?aaeeo iiae aa?aioeth e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa.
Nioeeaeueii-eoeueoo?iay noa?a i?ioeiaine?iaaia a ?acia?a 349658 iei
?oa. eee 51,6 % io ieaiiaiai iieacaoaey (676581 iei ?oa.). A 1995 aiaeo
auea i?iaaaeaia ?aaioa ii oii?yaei/aieth naoe, ooaoia
nioeeaeueii-eoeueoo?iuo o/?aaeaeaiee. Auei i?iaaaeaii nie?auaiea e
?ai?aaiecaoeey o/?aaeaeaiee ia?aciaaiey, cae?aaiio?aiaiey. Yoi
iicaieeei nie?aoeoue ?anoiaeu ia niaea?aeaiea o/?aaeaeaiee
nioeeaeueii-eoeueoo?iie noa?u ia 11700 iei ?oa. Io aaaaeaiey ieaoiuo
oneoa athaeaeaoiuie o/?aaeaeaieyie ia?aciaaiey, cae?aaiio?aiaiey,
eoeueoo?u iieo/aii 38900 iei ?oa., iaeiaei aeiey iieo/aiiuo n?aaenoa
io aaaaeaiey ieaoiuo oneoa ii n?aaiaieth n oeiaine?iaaieai ?anoiaeia
nioeeaeueii-eoeueoo?iie noa?u a 1995 aiaeo inoaaaeanue aua ieceie –
11,1 %.
Aeayoaeueiinoue i?aaiia nioeeaeueiie caueou ianaeaiey a 1995 aiaeo
auea iai?aaeaia ia ?aaeecaoeeth ?aoaiee oaaea?aeueiuo e ianoiuo i?aaiia
i?aaenoaaeoaeueiie e eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe ii iaeieiouei e
iao?oaeiniiniaiui a?aaeaeaiai. A oa/aiea aiaea auei i?eia?aoaii 179
aaoiiiaeeae “Caii?iaeaoe”, “Iea”, “Oaa?ey” e 421 aaeie?anei. Anaai
i?eia?aoaii o?ainii?oiuo n?aaenoa, iaeaa/athueo aeaeaeaiea
ec?anoiaeiaaii 4600 iei ?oa.
Aieueoia aieiaiea auei oaeaeaii eaoiaio icaei?iaeoaeueiiio ioaeuoo
aeaoae ec iaeiiaania/aiiuo naiae. Oaeaeinue ioaaoeoue 64,5 ouny/e
aeaoae.
Aianoa n oai, a iaeanoe nioeeaeueiie iieeoeee a aaeieieno?aoeee e?ay
eiathony ia?ac?aoaiiua aii?inu. Iai?eia?, iao n?aaenoa ia iie?uoea
cao?ao ii oeiaine?iaaieth ioaeaeueiuo eueaio, i?aaeoniio?aiiuo caeiiii
“I aaoa?aiao”. Yoi 50 % neeaeee ca iieueciaaiea eiiioiaeueiuie
oneoaaie, ?aaeei, eieeaeoeaiie aioaiiie e ae?. Anaai ia noiio 217700
iei ?oa.
A 1995 aiaeo ec oaaea?aeueiiai oiiaea oeiainiaie iiaeaea?aeee auei
auaeaeaii 28900 iei ?oa. a aeaea e?aaeeoia oa??eoi?eyi e?ay e
i?aaei?eyoeyi, inouanoaeythuei aein?i/iue caaic i?iaeoeoeee ia Naaa? ec
?aaeiiaeueiiai oiiaea – 344836 iei ?oa. Iieiaeaiea n aica?aoii n?aaenoa
a ?aaeiiaeueiue oiiae aiaeiae/ii aica?aoo a Oaaea?aeueiue oiiae:
Aeieaeii auoue aica?auaii 13400 iei ?oa., a aica?auaii anaai 3300 iei
?oa.
E?aaaie athaeaeao ia 1996 aiae aue ninoaaeai n i?eiaiaiea
eiyooeoeeaioa ?inoa ii ca?aaioiie ieaoa a ?acia?a 2,2; iaoa?eaeueiui
cao?aoai – 1,6. Athaeaeao aue eniieiai ia 89.5 %. Ieceee i?ioeaio
eniieiaiey ieaia iauyniyaony oai, /oi oeiaine?iaaiea i?iecaiaeeeinue ca
n/ao oaeoe/anee iinooieaoeo aeioiaeia a e?aaaie athaeaeao a 1996 aiaeo.
Oeiaine?iaaeenue a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue oaeaea eae e a 1995 aieo caueuaiiua
noaouee. Athaeaeaoiue aeaoeoeeo ieaie?iaaeny a noiia 1618252 iei ?oa. A
oaeoe/anee aai noiia ninoaaeea 1435762 iei ?oa. Iie?uoue aeaoeoeeo
ieaie?iaaeinue ca n/ao caeinoaiaaiee ec oeaeaauo oiiaeia , ca n/ao
nnoaeu IO ?O e ae?oaeo caaiiuo n?aaenoa.
Oeiaine?iaaiea ii io?aneyi neiaeeeinue neaaeothuei ia?acii.
A 1996 aiaeo oaeoe/aneia oaaee/aiea ca?aaioiie ieaou ia
i?iecaiaeeeinue. Ieaiiaua aeaiiua eae oaea ioia/aeinue auoa auee
ninoaaeaiu n o/aoii eiyooeoeeaioa ?inoa ii ca?aaioiie ieaoa. Ec-ca
ieceeo iinooieaiee n?aaenoa (ieai ii aeioiaeai auiieiai eeoue ia 84,3
%) oeiaine?iaaeenue caueuaiiua noaouee athaeaeaoa. A ?acoeueoaoa,
aiia?ao oi?aaeaiey aue i?ioeiaine?iaai a noiia 70600 iei. ?oa., /oi
ninoaaeei 79,3% e ieaio, ec ieo 76 % – oeiaine?iaaiea ia ca?aaioioth
ieaoo. I?aaiio?aieoaeueiua i?aaiu iieo/eee ec e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa
anneaiiaaiey a ?acia?a 149300 iei ?oa., a oii /enea aaenaeyie – 17000
iei ?oa. , ia 20000 iei ?oa. i?iaaaeaii ca/aoia. Ca?aaioiay ieaoa
i?ioeiaine?iaaia ia 84,7 %..
Ia oeiaine?iaaiea AEEO ec athaeaeaoa auei auaeaeaii 103800 iei. ?oa.,
/oi ninoaaeei 79,6% e ieaio. Aieueoay /anoue n?aaenoa auaeaeaia iooai
i?iaaaeaiey acaeiica/aoia a n/ao iiaaoaiey aeieaia ii ieaoaaeai a
e?aaaie athaeaeao a n/ao iinoaaie a ai?iaea e ?aeiiu e?ay.
Ia oeiaine?iaaiea o?ainii?oa auaeaeaii 60100 iei ?oa. Aeey iaania/aiey
ia?aaicie iannaaee?ia auaeaeaii 28300 iei ?oa. Ia?aaicee iannaaee?ia ia
ianoiuo aicaeooiuo eeieyo inouanoaeytho oauoi/iua i?aaei?eyoey
Aaeaeiiiaiey “Ainoie” e Ieeieaaaneee IAI. Oaeaea ec e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa
auei auaeaeaii 6800 iei ?oa. ia eiiiainaoeeth oauoeia io ia?aaicee
iannaaee?ia ia ?a/iuo eeieyo i?eai?iaeiiai niiauaiey. Ii aiciiaeiinoe
auee auaeaeaiu n?aaenoaa aeey iieoiee o?ainii?oiuie i?aaei?eyoeyie
caianiuo /anoae.
Ia ?acaeoea naeueneiai oicyenoaa auaeaeaii 156700 iei ?oa., eee 82,1%
ii ooi/iaiiiio ieaio. Ec ieo iai?aaeaii:
– 105300 iei ?oa. (100 % aiaeiaiai ieaia) ia aeioaoeeth ia i?iaeoeoeeth
aeeaioiiaiaenoaa;
– 6200 iei ?oa. (74 % ) ia eiiiainaoeeth ?anoiaeia ii niaea?aeaieth
nioeeaeueiie noa?u naea e ioiieaiey aeeeiai oiiaea;
– 17000 iei ?oa.(74%) ia iiauoaiea ieiaei?iaeey caiaeue, i?eia?aoaiea
ieia?aeueiuo oaeia?aiee e aieeaiaeneie oaoiieiaee ii i?iecaiaenoao
ea?oioaey;
– 2800 iei ?oa. (75%) ia ieacaiea iiiiue oa?ia?neei oicyenoaai;
– 1400 iei ?oa.(70%) ia niaea?aeaiea o/?aaeaeaiee aaoa?eia?iie naoe;
– 4100 iei ?oa. (64%) ia eaiaeiaeaiey;
– 1000 iei ?oa.(50%) ia niaea?aeaiea e ?aiiio aioo?eoicyenoaaiiie
iaeei?aoeaiie naoe.
Ia ia?aciaaiea ?aaeiiaeueiiai oiiaea ca?ia ec athaeaeaoa iai?aaeaii
21700 iei ?oa.
Nioeeaeueii-eoeueoo?iay noa?a i?ioeiaine?iaaia ia 58,6 % . Ieceia
eniieiaiea i?ioea ia?aiia/aeueiuo iieacaoaeae iauyniyaony oai, /oi a
?anoiaeao ia oeiaine?iaaiea nioeeaeueiuo io?aneae iaeaieueoee oaeaeueiue
aan caieiaao ca?aaioiay ieaoa, a i?aaeoniio?aiiia oaaee/aiea aa a 2,2
?aca ia i?iecioei. A oa/aiea 1996 aiaea i?aeiouanoaaiii oeiaine?iaaeenue
?anoiaeu ii caueuaiiui noaoueyi. Ii ii aiciiaeiinoe oeiaine?iaaeenue
?anoiaeu ia eaiaeiaeaiey ia?aciaaoaeueiuo o/?aaeaeaiee (5446 iei ?oa.),
ia i?eia?aoaiea oeieueiuo o/aaieeia (950 iei ?oa.), ia oeaeaaoth
iiaeaioiaeo iaae?aaioieeia (870 iei ?oa.).
Ia niaea?aeaiea ea/aaii-i?ioeeaeoe/aneeo o/?aaeaeaiee auaeaeaii 185590
iei ?oa. Aciinu a e?aaaie oiiae iaaeno?aoiaaiey ninoaaeee 51414 iei
?oa., eee 66,7% ooi/iaiiiai ieaia. Iaiieiia oeiaine?iaaiea iauyniyaony
iaaeinoaoi/iinoueth n?aaenoa a athaeaeaoa.
?anoiaeu ia nioeeaeueioth iieeoeeo ninoaaeee 157600 iei ?oa. eee 49%
io ieaia. Ia niaea?aeaiea nioeeaeueiuo o/?aaeaeaiee iai?aaeaii 49300
iei. ?oa. (83,1 %) , ?anoiaeu ii ca?aaioiie ieaoa ninoaaeee 95,7% , ia
ieoaiea – 78,9 % , iaaeeeaiaiou – 98,1%. Ec-ca ionoonoaey n?aaenoa a
e?aaaii athaeaeaoa i?i/ea ?anoiaeu i?ioeiaine?iaaiu ia 45%.
Ii i?i/ei ?anoiaeai ieai ia?aauiieiai ia 4 %. Yoi naycaii n oai, /oi
aic?inee ?anoiaeu ii ?anii?yaeaieyi Aeaau aaeieieno?aoeee e?ay ca n/ao
?aca?aiiai oiiaea. ?anoiaeu iai?aaeyeenue ia oeiaine?iaaiea
eiiaiaee?iaie, ?aai/eo iiacaeie, aaeeiia?aiaiiuo auieao aaoa?aiaie o.i.
Ianoaiiaea n eniieiaieai ?anoiaeiie /anoe athaeaeaoa a 1997 aiaeo
neiaeeeanue eo/oei ia?acii, /ai a i?aaeuaeoueo 1995 e 1996 aiaeao.
Eniieiaiea ninoaaeei 96,5 % , i?e ieaia 5567200 iei. ?oa. e oaeoe/aneeo
?anoiaeao a noiia 5375100 iei. ?oa.
Oeiaine?iaaiea ii io?aneyi a 1997 aiaeo neiaeeeinue neaaeothuei
ia?acii.
Aiia?ao oi?aaeaiey i?ioeiaine?iaai a noiia 86000 iei ?oa., /oi
ninoaaeyao 98,8 % io ieaiiaiai iieacaoaey (87000 iei. ?oa.).
N?aaenoaa ia ca?aaioioth ieaoo auiea/aiu iieiinoueth. Inoaeueiua
cao?aou oeiaine?iaaeenue n o/aoii athaeaeaoiiai aeaoeoeeoa.
Ii i?aaiio?aieoaeueiui i?aaiai eniieiaiea ca 1997 aiae ninoaaeyao 98
(i?e ieaia 216500 iei ?oa. e oaeoe/aneeo ?anoiaeao 212300 iei ?oa.).
Caueuaiiua noaouee ?anoiaeia ii i?aaiio?aieoaeueiui i?aaiai
i?ioeiaine?iaaiu iieiinoueth. Auaeaeaiiua n?aaenoaa ia oeiaine?iaaiea
oeaeaauo i?ia?aii i?iecaiaeeeinue a i?aaeaeao ooaa?aeaeaiiuo
anneaiiaaiee ii io?anee. Oae ia auiieiaiea e?aaaie i?ia?aiiu ii
oe?aieaieth i?aaiii?yaeea e oneeaieth ai?ueau n ioaeaeueiuie aeaeaie
i?anooieaiee ia 1996-1997 aiaeu auaeaeaii 2400 iei ?oa. e 175200 oun.
aeieea?ia NOA.
Ia oeiaine?iaaiea i?iiuoeaiiinoe iai?aaeaii 94,7 % n?aaenoa
caieaie?iaaiiuo ia 1997 aiae a noiia 523000 iei ?oa.
Iaaeioeiaine?iaaii AI “E?aeaac” a aeaeo iaaeiiinooieaiey aeioiaeia a
e?aaaie athaeaeao.
Ia oeiaine?iaaiea naeueneiai oicyenoaa iai?aaeaii 137100 iei ?oa. eee
89,1 % aiaeiaiai ieaia. Auieaoa aeioaoeee ia i?iaeoeoeeth
aeeaioiiaiaenoaa i?ioeiaine?iaaia a ?acia?a 112800 iei ?oa. (75% io
aiaeiaiai ieaia), ia oeo/oaiea ieiaei?iaeey caiaeue iai?aaeaii 15840 iei
?oa. (40% ),. Eaiaeiaeaiey aa?ii?iiuoeaiiiio eiieoaoo ninoaaeee 8112 iei
?oa., ia iaeei?aoeeth caiaeue – 550 iei ?oa. Ec iaueo anneaiiaaiee ia
naeueneia oicyenoai a niioaaonoaee n ?anii?yaeaieai Aeaau
aaeieieno?aoeee e?ay 1 naioya?y 1997 aiaea auaeaeaii 5000 iei ?oa. ia
i?eia?aoaiea iai?oaeiaaiey aeey oeaoa aeaoneiai ieoaiey a a. Oaaa?ianea.
A 1997 aiaeo ia caeoieo ca?ia auaeaeaiu n?aaenoaa a ?acia?a 1000 iei
?oa.
Ii io?anee “AEeeeuii-eiiioiaeueiia oicyenoai” auaeaeaii 110200 iei ?oa.
eee 75,8 % aiaeiaiai ieaia. ?anoiaeu ec e?aaaiai oiiaea iiaeaioiaee
iauaeoia AEEO e ?aaioa a ceiieo oneiaeyo ninoaaeee 21800 iei ?oa.
Ieceia inaiaiea io?anee iauyniyaony oai, /oi a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue
n?aaenoaa iai?aaeyeenue ia oeiaine?iaaiea iiaeaioiaee iauaeoia e
?aaioa a ceiieo oneiaeyo e iaee/eai e?aaeeoi?neee caaeieaeaiiinoe ii
i?aaei?eyoeyi io?anee a noiia 1861 iei ?oa.
A oeaeyo iaania/aiey iannaaee?neeo ia?aaicie a ?aeiiu, aaea aaeaoeey
yaeyaony aaeeinoaaiiui aeaeii o?ainii?oa, inouanoaeythuei ia?aaiceo
iannaaee?ia ia ianoiuo aicaeooiuo eeieyo e?ay , auaeaeaiu anneaiiaaiey
a ?acia?a 44349 iei ?oa. (91,6% e aiaeiaiio ieaio). Ia eiiiainaoeeth
oauoeia io ia?aaicee iannaaee?ia, aaea aaoiaonu yaeythony aaeeinoaaiiui
aeaeii o?ainii?oa auaeaeaii 1913 iei ?oa. (35 % aiaeiaiai ieaia). Ia
?aeiino?oeoeeth iinoa /a?ac Aio? auaeaeaii 772 iei ?oa . Ii aiciiaeiinoe
auee i?iecaaaeaiu ?anoiaeu ia i?eia?aoaiea caianiuo /anoae . Noiia
?anoiaeia ninoaaeea 10450 iei ?oa. Anaai ia oeiaine?iaaiea io?anee
auaeaeaii 91800 iei ?oa., /oi ninoaaeyao 87 % aiaeiaiai ieaia.
Nioeeaeueii-eoeueoo?iay noa?a inaiaia eeoue ia 90 % . Yoi naycaii n ia
oeiaine?iaaieai i?aaeiieaaaaiiai iiauoaiey ca?aaioiie ieaou a 1,33
?aca, caeiaeaiiiai a ieai. Iaycaoaeuenoaa athaeaeaoa ii
oeiaine?iaaieth a iieiie noiia caueuaiiuo noaoae ?anoiaeia athaeaeaoa
auiieiaiu:
ii ia?aciaaieth i?ioeiaine?iaaiu a i?aaeaeao ii?iu : ca?aaioiay ieaoa e
ia/eneaiey 99,1%. , noeiaiaeee – 85 %, ieoaiea 90 % , eaoiee ioaeuo
aeaoae – 80 %, A oa/aiea aiaea ia oeiaine?iaaiea eaoiaai ioaeuoa
i?eaeaeaeenue ia oieueei n?aaenoaa athaeaeaoa, ii e aeiiieieoaeueiua
anneaiiaaiey ec ?aaeiiaeueiiai oiiaea nioeeaeueiiai no?aoiaaiey a
noiia 1500 iei ?oa. Inoaeueiua noaouee ?anoiaeia oeiaine?iaaeenue a
i?aaeaeao eiathueony n?aaenoa.
Ii eoeueoo?a e eneonnoao eniieiaiea ninoaaeei 95,7 % io aiaeiaiai
ieaia. Yoi naycaii n oai, /oi a ieaia caeiaeaii iiauoaiea ca?aaioiie
ieaou a 1,33 ?aca, eioi?ia ia i?iecaiaeeeinue. Ieceia eniieiaiea ieaia
ii iao. cao?aoai e eaieoaeueiiio ?aiiioo, o.e. oeiaine?iaaiea
i?iecaiaeeeinue enoiaey ec oaeoe/anee iinooiathueo n?aaenoa.
Ieai ii io?anee cae?aaiio?aiaiea auiieiai ia 99,9 %. Ana
iaycaoaeuenoaa ii oeiaine?iaaieth caueuaiiuo noaoae auee auiieiaiu
iieiinoueth. ?anoiaeu ia iacaueuaiiui noaoueyi ninoaaeee 119538 iei
?oa. (63,3% aiaeiaiai ieaia 188796 iei ?oa. ) N?aaee yoeo ?anoiaeia
naiue aunieee i?ioeaio eniieiaiey ieaia – 155,8 % ioia/aaony ii
oeiaine?iaaieth ia i?eia?aoaiea iai?oaeiaaiey (17061 iei ?oa.) . Yoi
iauyniyaony i?eia?aoaieai aaoiiiaeeae “Nei?ay iaaeeoeeineay iiiiuue”.
Nioeeaeueiay iieeoeea a 1997 aiaeo i?ioeiaine?iaaia a noiia 188200 iei
?oa. Yoi ninoaaeyao 79.7 % aiaeiaiai ieaia. I?e/eiu ia inaiaiey n?aaenoa
neaaeothuea:
– ia i?iecioei iiauoaiea caieaie?iaaiiie ca?aaioiie ieaou;
– ia ioe?uoa iiaay naoue nioeeaeueiuo o/?aaeaeaiee (ieaie?iaaeinue
ioe?uoue 388 iano a aeiiao – eioa?iaoao aeey i?anoa?aeuo e eiaaeeaeia;
– ec-ca ionoonoaey n?aaenoa a e?aaaii athaeaeaoa ia auiieiyaony Oeac
I?aceaeaioa ?O io 08.06.96 a. N 852 “Ia onoaiiaeaiee eueaio ia i?iacae
aeaeaciiaei?iaeiui e aaeaoeeiiiui o?ainii?oii aeeoaeyi
Aeaeueiaainoi/iiai ?aaeiia” a noiia 250000 iei. ?oa.
A oneiaeyo ino?iai aeaoeoeeoa athaeaeaoiuo n?aaenoa auea ecuneaia
aiciiaeiinoue e iai?aaeaii n?aaenoa ec e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa ia
oeiaine?iaaiea eaiaeiaeaiee 130765 iei ?oa. Iaeaieueoea noiiu
auaeaeaiu ia no?ieoaeuenoai iauaeoia nioeeaeueiie cia/eiinoe,
eiiioiaeueiiai oicyenoaa.
Acaeiiioiioaiey e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa n athaeaeaoaie ai?iaeia e ?aeiiia
neeaaeuaathony oaeei ia?acii, /oi ?aeiiai ia?aaeaii acaeiiuo ?an/aoia
a noiia 319600 iei. ?oa., athaeaeaoiuo nnoae – 552500 iei ?oa.
Aeaoeoeeo e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa ninoaaee 2330300 iei ?oa. N?aaenoaa ia
iie?uoea aeaoeoeeoa auee caeinoaiaaiu eae e a i?aaeuaeouea aiaeu ec
oeaeaauo oiiaeia, a oaeaea eniieueciaaeanue /anoue nnoaeu ec IO ?O.
I?iaiaeece?oai ?anoiaeu e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay a
aeeiaieea ca 1995 -1997 aiaeu. Aeey yoiai ninoaaei oaaeeoeo (niio?e
i?eeiaeaiea 11).
Eae aeaeii ec oaaeeoeu oaeaeueiue aan ii ?anoiaeai ia ainoaea?noaaiiia
oi?aaeaiea, i?aaiio?aieoaeueiua i?aaiu inoaeenue ia i?aaeiai o?iaia,
o.e. oaaee/aiea ca?aaioiie ieaou ia i?ienoiaeeei.
Oaeaeueiue aan ?anoiaeia ia i?iiuoeaiiinoue nieceeny ii n?aaiaieth n
1995 aiaeii ia 15% . Yoi naycaii n oiieeaii-yia?aaoe/aneei e?ecenii,
iaoaaoeie n?aaenoa a athaeaeaoa.
Oaeaeueiue aan ?anoiaeia ia naeueneia oicyenoai oiaea oiaiueoeeny ii
n?aaiaieth n 1995 e 1996 aiaeaie ia 3 %. Yoi naycaii n oai, /oi a
1997 aiaeo oiiae ca?ia e?aaeeoiaaee a n/ao e?aaeeoia, auaeaiiuo
naeueneioicyenoaaiiui i?aaei?eyoeyi e a n/ao oa?ia?neeo nnoae.
Oaeaeueiue aan ?anoiaeia ia ia?ii?eyoey ii eeeaeaeaoeee /?acau/aeiuo
neooaoeee ianeieueei nieceeny, o.e. /anoe/ii aeaiiua ia?ii?eyoey
oeiaine?iaaeenue ec Oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa.
Oaeaeueiue aan ii io?anee ia?aciaaiea oiaiueoeeny n 3% a 1995 aiaeo
aei 2% a 1997 aiaeo. Oiaiueoaiea oaeaeueiiai aana a iauae noiia
?anoiaeia ii aeaiiie io?anee i?iecioei a ?acoeueoaoa aeaoeoeeoa
athaeaeaoiuo n?aaenoa e ii i?e/eia aiciauaiey /anoe ?anoiaeia ia
eaoithth icaei?iaeoaeueioth eiiiaieth e ?anoiaeia ia oaaea?aeueiue
eiiieaeo o/aaieeia aeey oeie.
Oiaiueoaiea oaeaeueiiai aana ii io?anee cae?aaiio?aiaiea a 1996 aiaeo
naycaii n iaaeinoaoi/iinoueth n?aaenoa a athaeaeaoa. A 1997 aiaeo
oaeaeueiue aan ii io?anee cae?aaiio?aiaiey oaaee/eeny ia 1% ii
n?aaiaieth n i?aaeuaeooei aiaeii iauyniyaony oaaee/aieai ?anoiaeia a
1997 aiaeo ia i?eia?aoaiea aaoiiiaeeae “Nei?ay iiiiuue”.
Oaeaeueiue aan ?anoiaeia ii io?anee oece/aneay eoeueoo?a oaaee/eeny ca
n/ao oaaee/aiey ?anoiaeia ia eiiaiaeu ianoa?ia, a nayce n oaaee/aieai eo
ieaiiauo ia?ii?eyoee.
Oaeaeueiue aan i?i/eo ?anoiaeia ?acei aic?in ii n?aaiaieth n 1995
aiaeii (ia 19 %). Yoi i?iecioei ca n/ao oaaee/aiey niaou ?anoiaeia
aiaieiiaoai ia i?iaaaeaiea i?ecuaa a a?ieth. Ii iniiaiia oaaee/aiea
i?i/eo ?anoiaeia i?iecioei a ?acoeueoaoa oeiaine?iaaiey ca n/ao
?aca?aiiai oiiaea ii ?anii?yaeaieyi Aeaau Aaeieieno?aoeee ia iiacaeee e
eiiaiaee?iaee , thaeeaeiua ia?ii?eyoey, aaeeiia?aiaiiua iiiiue aaoa?aiai
e o.i.
Oaeaeueiue aan ?anoiaeia oiiaea caaica i?iaeoeoeee e oiaa?ia a Naaa?iua
?aeiiu a 1996 aiaeo oaaee/eeny ii n?aaiaieth n 1995 aiaeii ia 4 % a
nayce n oaaee/aieai iio?aaiinoe a iauaiao i?iaeoeoeee (i?iaeiaieuenoaey
aeey ianaeaiey e oiieeaa aeey i?aaei?eyoee AEEO), oaaee/aieai oeai ia
i?iaeoeoeeth ii n?aaiaieth n 1995 aiaeii. A 1997 aiaeo oaeaeueiue aan ii
yoei aea ?anoiaeai oiaiueoeeny aei 2% , /oi ia 3 % ieaea, /ai a 1996
aiaeo. Yoi i?iecioei a nayce n aeaoeoeeoii athaeaeaoa, a oaeaea n
iai?aaeaieai n?aaenoa ia iiaaoaiea caaeieaeaiiinoe ii ca?aaioiie ieaoa.
A ?acoeueoaoa n?aaenoa ia ainnoaiiaeaiea ?anoiaeia aeaiiiai oiiaea ia
auei.
Oaeaeueiue aan athaeaeaoiuo nnoae, auaeaiiuo ?aeiiai e?ay aic?in a
nayce n ieceie aeioiaeiinoueth athaeaeaoia ai?iaeia e ?aeiiia e?ay.
Oaeaeueiue aan ii acaeii?an/aoai n athaeaeaoaie Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay
aic?in a 1996 aiaeo a nayce n ?an/aoaie ii ?anii?yaeaieyi Aeaau
Aaeieieno?aoeee e?ay, oaaee/aieai ?anoiaeia ia eaoithth
icaei?iaeoaeueioth eiiiaieth.
Iiaeaiaey eoiae eniieiaiey e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa ca 1995 – 1997 aiaeu,
iiaeii neacaoue, /oi a oneiaeyo i?aiaeieaiey niaaea i?iiuoeaiiiai
i?iecaiaenoaa iaiaoiaeeii i?iaiaeeoue iieeoeeo noeioee?iaaiey
aunieiaeoeaiuo eiaanoeoeee i?e iaeiia?aiaiiii ?aoaiee nioeeaeueiuo
caaea/, eioi?ua iaania/ao aa?aioee nioeeaeueiuo e yeiiiie/aneeo i?aa
a?aaeaeai.
Iauai oeiaine?iaaiey ?anoiaeia e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa ca 1995 – 1997
aiaeu aue aeanoei ia?aie/ai ?aieaie i?eaea/aiiuo aeioiaeia. A
aeaeueiaeoai iauai oeiaine?iaaiey oaeaea aoaeao caaenaoue io oiai,
ianeieueei yooaeoeaii aoaeao ?aaeeciauaaoueny iieeoeea ii iiauoaieth
niae?aaiinoe iaeiaia.
Ieceee i?ioeaio eniieiaiey ieaia naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i cia/eoaeueiie
iio?aaiinoe a iauaiao oeiaine?iaaiey iaae ?aaeueiuie aiciiaeiinoyie
athaeaeaoa.
Aeey naaeaine?iaaiiinoe athaeaeaoa e aeinoeaeaiey ?aaeueiinoe aai
iieacaoaeae iaiaoiaeeii:
1. Ia?aniio?aoue iieo/aoaeae o?ainoa?oia, aeioaoeee, noaneaeee. Yoi
iniaaiii eanaaony naeueneiai oicyenoaa. Iaiaoiaeeii niaa?oainoaiaaiea e
aai no?oeoo?u, oae eae Aa?ii?iiuoeaiiue eiieoao i?iaeieaeaao i?aeoeeo
auaeaeaiey athaeaeaoiuo n?aaenoa aania?niaeoeaiui, oauoi/iui oicyenoaai.
I?iecaanoe i?iecaiaenoaaiioth ia?ai?eaioaoeeth naeueneioicyenoaaiiuo
i?aaei?eyoee. Ieacuaaoue iiaeaea?aeeo Aa?ii?iiuoeaiiiai eiiieaena ca
n/ao n?aaenoa oiiaea iiaeaea?aeee naeueneiai oicyenoaa, iai?aaeaiioth
ia nio?aiaiea ieiaei?iaeey ii/a, i?aiaeieaiea niaaea
naeueneioicyenoaaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa, ?acaeoea ?uii/iie no?oeoo?u.
2. Iieiinoueth ioeacaoueny eee nie?aoeoue iiaeaea?aeeo io?aneae,
inouanoaeythueo i?iecaiaenoai iayooaeoeaiie, iaeiieo?aioiiniiniaiie
i?iaeoeoeee, noeioee?oy ioa/anoaaiiuo i?iecaiaeeoaeae, auioneathueo
auno?iieoiaaioth i?iaeoeoeeth niioaaonoaothuoth ie?iaui noaiaea?oai.
?ac?aaioea e iineaaeiaaoaeueiay ?aaeecaoeey ia?, iai?aaeaiiuo ia
oaaee/aiea aeioiaeia athaeaeaoa e nie?auaiea aai ?anoiaeia,
?aaoee?iaaiea athaeaeaoiiai aeaoeoeeoa, oeaeaiai?aaeaiiia oi?aaeaiea aai
?acia?ai a niaieoiiinoe n ae?oaeie yeiiiie/aneeie aioee?eceniuie ia?aie,
iicaieyo noaaeeece?iaaoue oeiainiaia iieiaeaiea iaoae no?aiu.
2.3 Ieaie?iaaiea e i?iaiice?iaaiea aeioiaeia athaeaeaoa e?ay e e?aaaiai
athaeaeaoa ia 1999 aiae
Eniieiaiea athaeaeaoa 1998 aiaea Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay i?ioiaeeei a neiaeiie
nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneie ianoaiiaea. Ie?iaie e?ecen ia oeiainiauo
?uieao aeoaiei io?aceeny ia oeiainiaii ninoiyiee iaeiaiieaoaeueueeia,
aucaae iiaoth aieio eioeyoeee. Iaeaieaa cia/eiua ?acoeueoaou,
aeinoeaiooua a oiaea ?aaeecaoeee athaeaeaoiie iieeoeee I?aaeoaeuenoaa
?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee niaianoiuie oneeeyie n aaeieieno?aoeeae e?ay,
ieacaeenue naaaeaiu e ioeth. Iaieaoaaee e ?ino oeai onoaoaeee
athaeaeaoiue e?ecen.
Oai ia iaiaa iaeioi?ua iieiaeeoaeueiua eoiae auee ia oieueei
aeinoeaioou, ii e nio?aiaiu. A 1998 aiaeo oaeaeinue oaea?aeaoue
aeaoeoeeo athaeaeaoa e?ay ia o?iaia 18 i?ioeaioia. Nouanoaaiii
nie?aoeeny iau?i i?iaiaeeiuo acaeiica/?oia ii iaeiaai a e?aaaie
athaeaeao. N 1 yiaa?y 1999 aiaea iieiinoueth i?ae?auaaony auione
aaenaeae e ae?oaeo aeaiaaeiuo iaycaoaeuenoa aaeieieno?aoeee e?ay. Aeaaie
aaeieieno?aoeee e?ay ooaa?aeaeaiu “Iniiaiua iai?aaeaiey ?aaiou ii
icaei?iaeaieth ainoaea?noaaiiuo oeiainia e yeiiiiee ainoaea?noaaiiuo
?anoiaeia” e e?aaaay “I?ia?aiia icaei?iaeaiey ainoaea?noaaiiuo oeiainia
e yeiiiiee ainoaea?noaaiiuo ?anoiaeia”. N oeaeueth iiauoaiey
yooaeoeaiinoe eniieueciaaiey athaeaeaoiuo n?aaenoa oeiainiaui
aeaia?oaiaioii aaeieieno?aoeee e?ay i?iaaaeaia ?aaioa ii eiaaioa?ecaoeee
athaeaeaoiie naoe, ii?aaeae?i ia?a/aiue iieo/aoaeae n?aaenoa e?aaaiai
athaeaeaoa a 1999 aiaeo. N 1 naioya?y 1998 aiaea inouanoae?i ia?aoiae e
oeiaine?iaaieth iieo/aoaeae n?aaenoa e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa /a?ac eeoeaaua
n/aoa, ioe?uaaaiua a oeiainiaii aeaia?oaiaioa; i?ae?auaii oeiaine?iaaiea
ec e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa eaieoaeueiuo aeiaeaiee, e?iia iiaaoaiey
e?aaeeoi?neie caaeieaeaiiinoe, ia?aciaaaoaeny ii ninoiyieth ia 1 ethey
1998 aiaea. Aeaaa aaeieieno?aoeee e?ay onoaiiaee caaeaiey ii nie?auaieth
aiia?aoa oi?aaeaiey no?oeoo?iuo iiae?acaeaeaiee aaeieieno?aoeee e?ay e
aaeieieno?aoeee ioieoeeiaeueiuo ia?aciaaiee ai?iaeia e ?aeiiia e?ay ia
20% e ?anoiaeia ia niaea?aeaiea aiia?aoa oi?aaeaiey ia 10%, a oaeaea
?aeiiaiaeiaae Caeiiiaeaoaeueiie Aeoia Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay i?eiyoue ?aoaiea
i nie?auaiee aiia?aoa Aeoiu ia 20%, i?aaeoniio?aa oiaiueoaiea /enea
caianoeoaeae, e ?anoiaeia ia niaea?aeaiea Aeoiu ia 10%. I?aaiai ianoiiai
naiioi?aaeaiey ai?iaeia e ?aeiiia e?ay ii?o/aii i?eiyoue ?aoaiey ia
ioiaia a 1998 aiaeo eueaio ii oieaoa ianoiuo iaeiaia e nai?ia. N 1
yiaa?y 1999 aiaea athaeaeaoiua e?aaeeou th?eaee/aneei eeoeai aoaeoo
i?aaeinoaaeyoueny a ?acia?a ia aieaa 3 i?ioeaioia ?anoiaeia e?aaaiai
athaeaeaoa, aa?aioee aaeieieno?aoeee e?ay a ?acia?a ia aieaa 5
i?ioeaioia ?anoiaeia e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa.
Aianoa n oai aaaeiaeoea caaea/e ii oe?aieaieth i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai
iioaioeeaea a e?aa, ?anoe?aieth nianoaaiiie iaeiaiaie aacu, iiauoaieth
o?iaiy niae?aaiinoe iaeiaia e eeeaeaeaoeee iaaeieiee a athaeaeaou anao
o?iaiae i?iaeieaeatho inoaaaoueny ia?ao?iiuie, /oi iaaaoeaii io?aaeaaony
eae ia eniieiaiee athaeaeaoa e?ay, oae e ia aai acaeiiioiioaieyo n
oaaea?aeueiui athaeaeaoii. Iai?eiyoea Iaeiaiaiai eiaeaena a nia?aiaiiuo
oneiaeyo i?aiyonoaoao i?aaeeueiie ioeaiea iau?iia athaeaeaoiuo
aeioiaeia, iaeeaeaaiuo e iinooieaieth a athaeaeao e?ay a 1999 aiaeo.
Ianoaaeeueiinoue ia oeiainiaii ?uiea a?iceo iinoaaeoue iiae niiiaiea
?aaeueiinoue ieaia ii ?aaeecaoeee ?anoiaeiuo iieiiii/ee.
Iniiaiuie i?e/eiaie iai?yaeaiiie neooaoeee n iinooieaieai iaeiaia a
athaeaeao e?ay i?iaeieaeatho inoaaaoueny: neiaeiia oeiainiaia iieiaeaiea
i?aaei?eyoee, ?ino iaieaoaaeae, eniieueciaaiea i?e ?an/aoao aa?oa?iuo e
ae?oaeo aacaeaiaaeiuo ?an/aoia, inoathueany oe?ieeie aiciiaeiinoe oaiaea
aeioiaeia io iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey. Caeiu, e?aaeeoiua ?ano?nu ii-i?aaeiaio
inoathony iaaeinooiiuie aeey ?aaeueiiai naeoi?a. Ec-ca ionoonoaey
i?yiiai e?aaeeoiaaiey aaieaie neiaeeeanue i?aeoeea e?aaeeoiaaiey iiae
aa?aioeth athaeaeaoa. Aeieaiaua iaycaoaeuenoaa athaeaeaoa ioyaiuatho aai
eniieiaiea. E?ecen ia oiiaeiaii ?uiea iaaaoeaii neacaeny ia eeeaeaeiinoe
oeaiiuo aoiaa aaeieieno?aoeee e?ay.
E?aaeeoi?neay caaeieaeaiiinoue i?aaei?eyoee e?ay ia 1 aaaonoa 1998 a.
ninoaaeea 23 ie?ae. ?oaeae (i?in?i/aiiay – 15,8 ie?ae. ?oaeae),
aeaaeoi?neay – 17,1 ie?ae. ?oaeae (i?in?i/aiiay – 10,5 ie?ae. ?oaeae).
A 1 iieoaiaeee 1998 a. ec 19 ?aeiiia e?ay ia ni?aaeeenue n caaeaieai ii
iiaeeecaoeee aeioiaeia 15 ?aeiiia, a oii /enea aa. Oaaa?iane,
Eiiniiieuene-ia-Aio?a, ?aeiiu Aio?neee, Aeeeineee, Aaieineee,
Aa?oiaao?aeineee, Aycaineee, Eiiniiieueneee, eiaie Eaci, Ioioneee, eiaie
Iieeiu Ineiaiei, Niaaonei-Aaaaineee, Ooao?i-*oieeaineee, Oeue/neee,
Oaaa?ianeee. Iaaeieiea ii ieaoaaeai a athaeaeao e?ay ia 1 naioya?y
1998 aiaea ninoaaeea 1498 iei. ?oaeae (a iiaii aeaiaaeiii
en/eneaiee) e oaaee/eeanue ii n?aaiaieth n ia/aeii aiaea ia 50,4
i?ioeaioa.
Aeioiaeu e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa e eiinieeaee?iaaiiiai athaeaeaoa ia
1999 aiae ii?aaeaeaiu enoiaey ec oaeoe/aneeo iinooieaiee ca
i?ioeue aiae e a ia?aii iieoaiaeee 1998 aiaea. No?oeoo?a
aeioiaeia Oaaa?ianeiai e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa i?aaenoaaeaia a i?eeiaeaiee
12.
A ?an/aoao o?ainoa?oa Ieienoa?noaii oeiainia ?O iieacaoaee ii
aeioiaeai ii?aaeaeaiu a oneiaeyo aeaenoaothuaai iaeiaiaiai
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa.
Naia iaoiaeeea ii?aaeaeaiey o?ainoa?oa ii-i?aaeiaio iaoiaeeony a
io?uaa io ?an/aoia. O?ainoa?o ii?aaeaeyaony ia ia iie?uoea
aeaoeoeeoa, a io oiiaea, ooaa?aeaeaaiiai Ainoaea?noaaiiie Aeoiie,
eioi?ue ia iaania/eaaao iie?uoea aeaoeoeeoa. Ii ?an/aoai
Ieienoa?noaa oeiainia ?O ia iie?uoea aeaoeoeeoa e?ath o?aaoaony
2478,1 iei ?oa., ec oiiaea aea auaeaeaii 680,8 iei ?oaeae.
I?iaiaeeiay oaaea?aeueiuie i?aaiaie iieeoeea ii oi?ie?iaaieth
athaeaeaoia ?aaeiiia e ianoiuo athaeaeaoia ia iaania/eaaao
aacaeaoeoeeoiia ninoaaeaiea ?aaeiiaeueiiai e ianoiuo athaeaeaoia,
a ?acoeueoaoa aaeaaiaeii oaaee/eaaaony e?aaaie aeiea a aeaea
e?aaeeoi?neie caaeieaeaiiinoe e a aeaea nnoae, iieo/aiiuo ec
oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa. Ia 1 yiaa?y 1998 aiaea e?aaaie aeiea
ninoaaee 1717,9 iei ?oaeae. Ia eiiaoe aiaea ii ninoaaeo ieiei
3,0 ie?ae ?oaeae.
A yoeo oneiaeyo i/aiue o?oaeii, ii i/aiue aaaeii iaania/eoue
ninoaaeaiea ?aaeueiiai athaeaeaoa.
O/eouaay ana ianoiyoaeuenoaa, athaeaeao e?ay aiineony ia
?anniio?aiea ii aeioiaeai a noiia 4540,1 iei. ?oaeae e ii
?anoiaeai 5842,7 iei. ?oaeae. E?aaaie athaeaeao niioaaonoaaiii –
3025,2 e 3669 iei. ?oaeae. Aeaoeoeeo ninoaaee niioaaonoaaiii ii
athaeaeaoo e?ay 22,3% e ?anoiaeai, ii e?aaaiio athaeaeaoo – 17,5%. Ia
iie?uoea aeaoeoeeoa athaeaeaoa ieaie?oaony iai?aaeoue caaiiua
n?aaenoaa, aeeth/ay n?aaenoaa io yiennee oeaiiuo aoiaa aaeieieno?aoeee
e?ay ia iauoth noiio 200 iei ?oaeae. A ea/anoaa enoi/ieea oeiaine?iaaiey
aeaoeoeeoa athaeaeaoa e?ay oaeaea i?aaeoniio?aiu: nnoaea ec
oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa a iau?ia 1042,9 iei ?oaeae, 10 i?ioeaioia
aiaathaeaeaoiuo oiiaeia (40,6 iei ?oaeae), 10 i?ioeaioia io/eneaiee ia
aini?iecaiaenoai INA (4 iei. ?oaeae), iaeniieueciaaiiua inoaoee n?aaenoa
(15 iei. ?oaeae).
Acaeiiioiioaiey n athaeaeaoaie ioieoeeiaeueiuo oi?ie?iaaiee aoaeoo
iino?iaiu neaaeothuei ia?acii. O?ainoa?o ii?aaeaeai i?yiui n/?oii eae
noiia ?acieoe iaaeaeo aeioiaeaie e ?anoiaeaie ii athaeaeaoo eaaeaeiai
ioieoeeiaeueiiai ia?aciaaiey, i?aauoathueo 18 i?ioeaioia athaeaeaoiiai
aeaoeoeeoa. Iie?uoea aeaoeoeeoa a i?aaeaeao 18 i?ioeaioia
aaeieieno?aoeee ai?iaeia e ?aeiiia e?ay, eae e a 1998 aiaeo,
iaania/eaatho ca n/?o nianoaaiiuo enoi/ieeia oeiaine?iaaiey. I?e
?an/?oa o?ainoa?oa eniieueciaaeenue aeioiaeu athaeaeaoia ioieoeeiaeueiuo
ia?aciaaiee, nieaie?iaaiiua ii ieieiaeueiui ii?iaoeaai. ?an/?o ieaiiauo
?anoiaeia i?iecaaae?i ii iaoiaeeea Ieienoa?noaa oeiainia ?O e niaeaniaai
n oeiainiauie i?aaiaie ai?iaeia e ?aeiiia.
Ia ieaie?othony ?anoiaeu ii caaico oiaa?ia ia Naaa?, ii caaico
ca?ia e ae?oaea oiiaeu. Ana yoe ?anoiaeu aeieaeiu
i?iecaiaeeoueny ca n/ao aica?aoiuo n?aaenoa.
A iniiao ?an/aoia aeioiaeia eiinieeaee?iaaiiiai athaeaeaoa Oaaa?ianeiai
e?ay ia 1999 aiae iieiaeaiu iniiaiua iieacaoaee i?iaiica ?acaeoey
oa??eoi?ee e?ay, Oaaea?aeueiue Caeii io 31 ethey 1998 a. ? 147-OC “I
aaaaeaiee a aeaenoaea /anoe ia?aie Iaeiaiaiai eiaeaena ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee”, a oaeaea i?aaeeiaeaiey I?aaeoaeuenoaa ?O ii eciaiaieth
iaeiaiaiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa, iai?aaeaiiua ia niaa?oainoaiaaiea
iaeiaiaie nenoaiu.
A 1998 aiaeo i?iaaaeaia ?aaioa ii aianaieth a athaeaeaoioth nenoaio
Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay iniiaiuo eciaiaiee iaeiaiaiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa. Oae,
aaaaeaiu iiaua iaeiae: iaeia n i?iaeaae, iaeia ia eai?iue aecian, ieaoa
ca iieueciaaiea aiaeiuie iauaeoaie, ieaoa ca iieueciaaiea iauaeoaie
aeeaioiiai ie?a, niaieoiiue iaeia ia aiaiaiiue aeioiae.
Iaeia ia aiaiaiiue aeioiae iinooiaao io i?aaei?eieiaoaeae aianoi
iaeiaiauo ieaoaaeae e io/eneaiee a ainoaea?noaaiiua aiaathaeaeaoiua
oiiaeu. Noiia iaeiaa a 1999 aiaeo ia i?iaiice?oaony a ninoaaa
athaeaeaoa, a i?aaeoniio?aia iiea a ninoaaa anao iaeiaia enoiaey ec
iaeiaiaie aacu 1998 aiaea.
Aeioiaeu athaeaeaoa e?ay a 1999 aiaeo ioeaieaathony a noiia 4540,1 iei
?oaeae. A oeaeii ?ino aeioiaeia ii n?aaiaieth n i?iaiiciie ioeaieie
iinooieaiey aeioiaeia a 1998 aiaeo ninoaaeo oieueei 3,7 i?ioeaioa, oae
eae ec aeioiaeia athaeaeaoa e?ay auiaaeaao ?yae ianoiuo iaeiaia,
oiaiueoaaony aeiey io/eneaiee io iaeiaa ia i?eaueue, iiaeioiaeiue iaeia
ca/eneyaony a athaeaeao e?ay a ?acia?a 95 %, ia?aaeaaony a oaaea?aeueiue
athaeaeao 40 % io ieaoaaeae ca iieueciaaiea eaniui oiiaeii, aiaeiuie
iauaeoaie, iauaeoaie aeeaioiiai ie?a, ioiaiyaony iaeia ia iieoieo
aaethou, oiaiueoaaony noiia o?ainoa?oa ec oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa.
Aiciauaiea auiaaeathuae noiiu aeioiaeia i?aaeeaaaaony ca n/ao
aeiaaaeaiey ?acia?ia noaaie iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey aei iaeneiaeueii
onoaiiaeaiiuo oaaea?aeueiui caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii e nieaeaiey
caaeieaeaiiinoe a athaeaeao e?ay ii iaeiaiaui ieaoaaeai.
Iaeaieueoee oaeaeueiue aan a no?oeoo?a aeioiaeia athaeaeaoa e?ay
caieiatho iaeiaiaua iinooieaiey – 82 i?ioeaioa.
Iniiaiuie enoi/ieeaie aeioiaeiie /anoe athaeaeaoa ii-i?aaeiaio inoathony
iiaeioiaeiue iaeia n oece/aneeo eeoe, iaeia ia i?eaueue, iaeia ia
aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue, iaeia ia eiouanoai. Iinooieaiea yoeo iaeiaia a
1999 a. ioeaieaaaony a noiia 2858,7 iei. ?oaeae eee 63 % io iauae noiiu
aeioiaeia. Aeey n?aaiaiey: a 1998 aiaeo oaeaeueiue aan yoeo iaeiaia a
iauae noiia aeioiaeia e?ay ninoaaeo 58,7 %, a 1997 a. ninoaaee 51 %.
Oaeaeueiue aan iinooieaiey iaeiaa ia eiouanoai i?aaeeaaaaony oaaee/eoue
n 11,5 % a 1998 a. aei 14 % a 1999 a. ca n/ao oaaee/aiee noaaee
iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey.
Ii?yaeie ?ani?aaeaeaiey iaeiaiauo aeioiaeia athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu iaaeaeo
e?aaaui e ianoiui athaeaeaoaie onoaiiaeai ii ieieiaeueiui ii?iaoeaai
ca/eneaiey a ianoiua athaeaeaou oaaea?aeueiuo iaeiaia, cae?aieaiiuo ca
ioieoeeiaeueiuie ia?aciaaieyie ia iinoiyiiie iniiaa a niioaaonoaee a
Caeiiii ?O “I oeiainiauo iniiaao ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey a ?O”. Eciaiaia
aeiey io/eneaiee a ianoiua athaeaeaou ii ieaoaaeai ca iieueciaaiea
eaniui oiiaeii n 50% ia 60 % (40 % aoaeao iinooiaoue ia ai
aiaathaeaeaoiue oiiae, a a oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao). Ii aiiaue
aaaaeaiiui iaeiaai i?aaeoniio?aii, /oi iaeia ia eai?iue aecian, iaeia ia
iauaeou aeeaioiiai ie?a aoaeoo iieiinoueth ca/eneyoueny a e?aaaie
athaeaeao, iaeia ia aiaiaiiue aeioiae – a athaeaeaou ioieoeeiaeueiuo
ia?aciaaiee ai?iaeia e ?aeiiia e?ay, iaeia n i?iaeaae aoaeao
?ani?aaeaeyoueny iaaeaeo e?aaaui e ianoiuie athaeaeaoaie ii ii?iaoeaai
40 e 60 i?ioeaioia, ieaoa ca iieueciaaiea aiaeiuie iauaeoaie – ii
ii?iaoeaai 20 e 40 i?ioeaioia.
Iaeia ia i?eaueue a 1999 aiaeo a athaeaeao e?ay i?iaiice?oaony
iinooieaiea iaeiaa ia i?eaueue a noiia 749 iei ?oa.
Enoiaeiui iieacaoaeai i?e ?an/aoa iaeiaa ia i?eaueue auei iaeeaeaaiia
iinooieaiea iaeiaa a athaeaeao e?ay a 1998 aiaeo a noiia 715 iei ?oaeae.
Ia 1999 aiae i?iaiice?oaony iieo/aiea ia oa??eoi?ee e?ay aaeiaie i?eauee
a noiia 3295 iei ?oaeae. ?ino aaeiaie i?eauee e o?iaith 1998 aiaea
i?iaiice?oaony a ?acia?a 12,3 %.
I?aaeoniio?aii nieaeaiea iauae noaaee iaeiaa ia i?eaueue n 35 % ,
aeaenoaothuae a ianoiyuaa a?aiy aei 30 %, a oii /enea nieaeaiea
i?aaeaeueiie noaaee iaeiaa a /anoe, ca/eneyaiie a athaeaeao e?ay n 22
aei 19 i?ioeaioia.
Aeey aiciauaiey auiaaeathueo aeioiaeia ii iaeiao ia i?eaueue ca n/ao
eciaiaiey iaeiaiaie noaaee a ?an/aoao i?aaeoniio?aii caaeaiea ii
nieaeaieth caaeieaeaiiinoe a athaeaeao e?ay.
Iaeia ia i?eaueue a e?aaaie athaeaeao ia 1999 aiae i?iaiice?oaony a
noiia 584 iei ?oaeae, a oii /enea 91,8 iei ?oaeae iinooieo io
i?aaei?eyoee, eiio?iee?oaiuo e?aaaie iaeiaiaie einiaeoeeae, 492,3 iei
?oaeae iinooieo a ?acoeueoaoa io/eneaiee ii ai?iaeai e ?aeiiai e?ay, a
niioaaonoaee n ieieiaeueiuie ii?iaoeaaie. Ieieiaeueiue ii?iaoea
io/eneaiee a ianoiua athaeaeaou eciaieony n 14,3 % io iauae noiiu iaeiaa
ia 16,7 %, oae eae ?an/ao i?iecaiaeeony io iiaie noaaee iaeiaa – 30
i?ioeaioia (5:30*100).
I?iaiic iaeiaa ia i?eaueue a athaeaeao e?ay:
Oaaeeoea 2.3.1
?an/ao iaeiaa ia i?eaueue ia 1999 aiae
Iieacaoaee I?iaiic
(oun.?oaeae)
1. Iaeeaeaaiia iinooieaiea iaeiaa ia i?eaueue a 1998 aiaeo 714962
2. ?ino iaeiaa e o?iaith 1998 aiaea (a %% – 112,3) 802902
3. Caaeaiea ii nieaeaieth caaeieaeaiiinoe ii iaeiao ia i?eaueue a
athaeaeao e?ay 64403
4. Noiia iaeiaa a athaeaeao e?ay a oneiaeyo aeaenoaothuaai
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa (noaaea io/eneaiee a athaeaeao e?ay – 22 %)
867305
5. Noiia iaeiaa a athaeaeao e?ay a oneiaeyo eciaiaiey noaaee
ca/eneaiey iaeiaa – 19 % 749036
Iaeia ia aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue inoaaony iaeiei ec iniiaiuo aeioiaeiuo
enoi/ieeia e?ay.
Ia 1999 aiae noiia iaeiaa ?ann/eoaia a oneiaeyo aeaenoaothuaai
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa, enoiaey ec iaeeaeaaiiai iinooieaiey iaeiaa a 1998
aiaeo. Ii?iaoea ca/eneaiey a athaeaeao e?ay io iauae noiiu iaeiaa
ninoaaeyao 25 %. N 1.08.98 a. ioiaiaia iiieaeaiiay noaaea iaeiaa ia ?yae
i?iaeiaieuenoaaiiuo oiaa?ia e oiaa?ia aeey aeaoae. Aaaaeaiea aaeeiie
noaaee iaeiaa a ?acia?a 20 % i?aaeiieaaaao oaaee/aiea noiiu iaeiaa
i?ioea iaeeaeaaiiai a 1998 aiaeo ia 1,5 %.
Iauay noiia iaeiaa ia aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue ioeaieaaaony a 1999 aiaeo
a noiia 557,7 iei ?oaeae.
Oaaeeoea 2.3.2
?an/ao iinooieaiey IAeN ia 1999 aiae
Iieacaoaee I?iaiic (oun.?oaeae)
1. Iaeeaeaaiay noiia IAeN a 1998 aiaeo 507143
2. Noiia oaaee/aiey iaeiaa ca n/ao oaaee/aiey noaaee iaeiaa aei 20 %
7607
3. ?ino IAeN e o?iaith 1998 aiaea (a %% – 108,5) 42950
4. I?iaiic IAeN
557700
A 1999 aiaeo iinooieaiea IAeN a e?aaaie athaeaeao ninoaaeo 369,7 iei
?oaeae. Io i?aaei?eyoee e?aaaiai iiae/eiaiey iaeeaeaaony iinooieaiea
86,1 iei ?oaeae, a ?acoeueoaoa ?aaoee?iaee iaeiaa ii ieieiaeueiui
ii?iaoeaai (10 i?ioeaioia) io ai?iaeia e ?aeiiia e?ay a e?aaaie
athaeaeao aoaeao ca/eneaii 283,6 iei ?oaeae.
Iinooieaiea iaeiaa ia eiouanoai a athaeaeao e?ay a 1999 aiaeo
i?iaiice?oaony a noiia 624,9 iei ?oa., enoiaey ec iaeneiaeueiie noaaee
iaeiaa ia eiouanoai i?aaei?eyoee a ?acia?a 2,5 %. Iaeneiaeueiay noaaea
i?eiyoa ii iaoiaeeea Ieienoa?noaa oeiainia ?O i?e ?an/aoa enoiaeiie aacu
aeioiaeia athaeaeaoa e?ay ia 1999 aiae. Aeiaaaeaiea noaaee
iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey n 1,5 % aei iaeneiaeueiie oaaee/eo noiio iaeiaa ia
eiouanoai ia 217,8 iei ?oaeae.
I?e ?an/aoa o/oaii, /oi a 1 eaa?oaea 1999 aiaea iaeia ia eiouanoai
aoaeao iinooiaoue ii noaaea 1,5 % , eae ia?aoiaeyuee e oieaoa ca IV
eaa?oae 1998 aiaea.
Enoiaeiie aacie aeey ?an/aoa iaeiaa ii?aaeaeaii iaeeaeaaiia iinooieaiea
a 1998 aiaeo a noiia 502,4 iei ?oaeae. A ?an/aoao ioei??aeoe?iaaia aaca
ia noiio ca/oaiiai a 1998 aiaeo iaeiaa a n/ao i?eia?aoaiey eiouanoaa
i?aaei?eyoee-aeieaeieeia a e?aaaoth nianoaaiiinoue ia noiio 95,3 iei
?oaeae e i?aaeoniio?aii caaeaiea ii iiaaoaieth caaeieaeaiiinoe ia noiio
27,5 iei ?oaeae.
Iaeia ia eiouanoai ca/eneyaony a athaeaeaou ioieoeeiaeueiuo ia?aciaaiee
ii ieieiaeueiiio ii?iaoeao – 50 %. E?aaaie athaeaeao oi?ie?oaony ca
n/ao 50 % io/eneaiee iaeiaa ia eiouanoai ieaoaeueueeia ai?iaeia e
?aeiiia e?ay e iaeiaa i?aaei?eyoee, eiio?iee?oaiuo e?aaaie iaeiaiaie
einiaeoeeae. A e?aaaie athaeaeao i?iaiice?oaony iinooieaiea 299,5 iei
?oaeae.
I?iaiic iiaeioiaeiiai iaeiaa n oece/aneeo eeoe ia 1999 aiae ii?aaeaeai a
noiia 927,1 iei ?oaeae enoiaey ec iaeeaeaaiiai iinooieaiey a 1998 aiaeo
ii noaaeai, onoaiiaeaiiui aeaenoaothuei caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii.
A athaeaeao e?ay i?iaiice?oaony iinooieaiea 95 % io noiiu iaeiaa,
oiea/eaaaiiai i?aaei?eyoeyie e i?aaiecaoeeyie. Iiaeioiaeiue iaeia n
oece/aneeo eeoe, caieiathueony i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneie aeayoaeueiinoueth
aac ia?aciaaiey th?eaee/aneiai eeoea iieiinoueth ca/eneyaony a
athaeaeaou ioieoeeiaeueiuo ia?aciaaiee ai?iaeia e ?aeiiia. Iaeiaei yoa
/anoue iiaeioiaeiiai iaeiaa aoaeao aceiaoueny ii iiiaei aeaeai
i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneie aeayoaeueiinoe a ninoaaa niaieoiiiai iaeiaa ia
aiaiaiiue aeioiae.
?ino noiiu iiaeioiaeiiai iaeiaa n oece/aneeo eeoe a 1999 aiaeo ii
n?aaiaieth n iaeeaeaaiie a 1998 aiaeo i?iaiice?oaony a ?acia?a 115 %.
A e?aaaie athaeaeao iaeeaeaaony iinooieaiea iiaeioiaeiiai iaeiaa a noiia
461,2 iei ?oaeae, ca/eneyaiuo a ?acoeueoaoa ?aaoee?iaee ii
ieieiaeueiiio ii?iaoeao 50 % io ai?iaeia e ?aeiiia e?ay.
A Oaaa?ianeii e?aa aeoeecu ia/eneythony ia i?iecaiaenoai nie?oa
yoeeiaiai, aiaeee e eeea?i-aiaei/iuo ecaeaeee, oaiiaineiai, eiiueyea,
ieaa e aaiceia aaoiiiaeeueiiai.
Aeoeecu ia nie?o, aiaeeo e eeea?iaiaei/iua ecaeaeey ?ani?aaeaeythony
ii?iaio iaaeaeo oaaea?aeueiui athaeaeaoii e athaeaeaoii e?ay. Aeoeecu ia
aaicei aaoiiiaeeueiue iieiinoueth ca/eneythony a oaaea?aeueiue
athaeaeao. Aeoeecu ia oaiiaineia, eiiueye e ieai iieiinoueth inoathony a
athaeaeaoa e?ay. Io noiiu aeoeeca, iiaeeaaeauaai ca/eneaieth a athaeaeao
e?ay, 10 i?ioeaioia inoaaony a ?anii?yaeaiee athaeaeaoia ioieoeeiaeueiuo
ia?aciaaiee ia oa??eoi?ee eioi?uo i?iecaiaeyony oeacaiiua oiaa?u.
I?iaiic iinooieaiey aeoeecia a athaeaeao e?ay ioeaieaaaony a 155 iei
?oaeae. Aacie aeey ?an/aoa iaeiaa ii?aaeaeaii iaeeaeaaiia iinooieaiea
iaeiaa a 1998 aiaeo a noiia 115 iei ?oaeae. ?ino e o?iaith 1998 aiaea
i?iaiice?oaony a ?acia?a 135 % ca n/ao oaaee/aiey noaaie ii aeoeecai a
n?aaeiai ia 11 % e oaaee/aiey auionea aiaeee e eeea?iaiaei/iie
i?iaeoeoeee. I?iaaaeaiea ia?ii?eyoee ii ono?aiaieth ?aaeecaoeee
iaeaaaeueii i?iecaaaeaiiie aiaei/iie i?iaeoeoeee iicaieeo oaaee/eoue
auione nianoaaiiie i?iaeoeoeee ia 25 %.
A e?aaaii athaeaeaoa noiia aeoeecia ninoaaeo 142,1 iei ?oaeae. A
athaeaeaou ai?iaeia e ?aeiiia e?ay aeoeecu ca/eneythony ii ieieiaeueiui
ii?iaoeaai – aeoeecai ia nie?o, aiaeeo e eeea?i-aiaei/iua ecaeaeey – 5
%, ii inoaeueiui – 10 i?ioeaioia.
I?e i?iaiice?iaaiee ?ano?niuo ieaoaaeae o/eouaaeenue iauaiu eo aeiau/e
e eniieueciaaiey, i?iaiiciua oeaiu e n?aaeiea noaaee iaeiaa .
Iauay noiia i?iaiiciiai iinooieaiey ?ano?niuo ieaoaaeae a athaeaeao e?ay
a 1999 aiaeo ii?aaeaeaia a 393,3 iei ?oaeae , a oii /enea ieaoa ca
iaae?a – 47 iei ?oaeae, io/eneaiey ia aini?iecaiaenoai
ieia?aeueii-nu?ueaaie aacu – 40 iei ?oaeae, ieaoaaee ca iieueciaaiea
eaniui oiiaeii – 22,6 iei. ?oaeae, ieaoa ca iieueciaaiea aiaeiuie
iauaeoaie – 7,2 iei. ?oaeae, ieaoa ca iieueciaaiea iauaeoaie aeeaioiiai
ie?a – 3,6 iei ?oaeae, caiaeueiue iaeia e a?aiaeiay ieaoa ca caieth –
272,9 iei ?oaeae.
Oaeaeueiue aan ieaoaaeae ca eniieueciaaiea i?e?iaeiuie ?ano?naie e?ay a
iaueo aeioiaeao athaeaeaoa e?ay ninoaaeo 8,7 %.
Ana ?ano?niua ieaoaaee, ca eneeth/aieai ieaou ca iaae?a, eiatho
oeaeaaoth iai?aaeaiiinoue a ?anoiaeiie /anoe athaeaeaoa, a oii /enea
io/eneaiey ia aini?iecaiaenoai ieia?aeueii-nu?ueaaie aacu e caiaeueiue
iaeia a ?acia?a 100 % io noiiu aeioiaeia, ieaoaaee ca iieueciaaiea
iauaeoaie aeeaioiiai ie?a a ?acia?a 75 %, ieaoaaee ca iieueciaaiea
eaniui oiiaeii e aiaeiuie iaueoaie a ?acia?a 50 i?ioeaioia.
Ieaoa ca iaae?a oi?ie?oaony ca n/ao iinooieaiey a athaeaeao e?ay
ieaoaaeae ca i?aai aeiau/e cieioa – 22 iei ?oaeae, ieaoeiu – 16,3 iei
?oaeae, oeaaoiuo iaoaeeia – 1,6 iei ?oaeae, oaey – 2,7 iei ?oa,
iaua?ani?ino?aiaiiuo iieaciuo eneiiaaiuo – 4,4 iei. ?oaeae.
Noaaee ieaou ca iaae?a onoaiaaeeaathony a eeoeaicee ia eaaeaeia
eiie?aoiia ianoi?iaeaeaiea. A ?an/aoao i?eiyoa n?aaeiyy noaaea ii
eaaeaeiio aeiauaathuaio i?aaei?eyoeth enoiaey ec iaeeaeaaiiai iauaia
aeiau/e a 1999 aiaeo .
A niioaaonoaee n caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee io iauae
noiiu aceiaaiie ia oa??eoi?ee e?ay ieaou ca iaae?a a oaaea?aeueiue e
e?aaaie athaeaeaou ca/eneyaony ii 25 % io ieaou ca aeiau/o oaey,
ae?aaioeaiiuo e oeaaoiuo iaoaeeia, /oi ninoaaeo 14,2 iei ?oaeae. A
ianoiua athaeaeaou ca/eneyaony 50 % io ieaou ca aeiau/o iniiaiuo
iieaciuo eneiiaaiuo e 100 % ieaoaaeae ca iaua?ani?ino?aiaiiua iieaciua
eneiiaaiua, eee 32,8 iei. ?oaeae. A e?aaaie athaeaeao iaeeaeaaony
iinooieaiea a noiia 14,2 iei ?oaeae.
Io/eneaiey ia aini?iecaiaenoai ieia?aeueii-nu?ueaaie aacu ii?aaeaeaiu
oaeaea enoiaey ec iaeeaeaaiiai iauaia aeiau/e iieaciuo eneiiaaiuo,
noaaie, ooaa?aeaeaiiuo caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii ?O, n o/aoii oiai, /oi ia
oa??eoi?ee e?ay aoaeao inoaaeaii ia iaiaa 75 % io/eneaiee aeey
oeaeaaiai oeiaine?iaaiey ?aaio ii aini?iecaiaenoao ieia?aeueii-nu?ueaaie
aacu a niioaaonoaee n oa??eoi?eaeueiie i?ia?aiiie aaieiae/aneiai
eco/aiey iaae?. I?iaiic iinooieaiey io/eneaiee ii?aaeaeai a noiia 40 iei
?oaeae. Any noiia ca/eneyaony a e?aaaie athaeaeao.
Ieaoa ca iieueciaaiea aiaeiuie iauaeoaie aaaaeaia a 1998 aiaeo aianoi
ieaou ca aiaeo. Yoio ieaoaae noae oaaea?aeueiui e 40 % io noiiu iaeiaa
iiaeeaaeeo ca/eneaieth a oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao.
Iauay noiia ieaoaaea ia 1999 aiae enoiaey ec iauaiia caai?a
iiaa?oiinoiuo aiae e na?ina noi/iuo aiae ii?aaeaeaia a noiia 12 iei
?oaeae, a athaeaeao e?ay i?e/eoaaony 7,2 iei ?oaeae.
Aeey inouanoaeaiey e?aaauo ia?ii?eyoee ii io?aia aiaeiuo iauaeoia 20 %
io iauae noiiu iaeiaa aoaeao ca/eneyoueny a e?aaaie athaeaeao, /oi
ninoaaeo 2,4 iei ?oaeae. A athaeaeaou ioieoeeiaeueiuo ia?aciaaiee
ai?iaeia e ?aeiiia e?ay iinooieaiey ninoaayo 4,8 iei ?oaeae.
Ieaoa ca iieueciaaiea eaniui oiiaeii ii?aaeaeaia a noiia 22,6 iei ?oaeae
enoiaey ec i?iaiicia ii caaioiaea ae?aaaneiu a 1999 aiaeo a iauaia 3170
oun.eoa. iao?ii e ieieiaeueiuo noaaie oaeniaie noieiinoe ae?aaaneiu.
Ec-ca iiaea?ia ia iaeeaeaaony caaioiaea aeaeiaie ae?aaaneiu aunieiai
ea/anoaa e aiciiaeai ioeac iieueciaaoaeae eaniiai oiiaea io a?aiaeu
auai?aaoeo eaniuo o/anoeia.
A niioaaonoaee n Eaniui eiaeaenii ?O 40 % eaniiai aeioiaea aoaeao
iai?aaeaia a oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao, 60 % aoaeao ca/eneyoueny a ianoiua
athaeaeaou. Ca n/ao n?aaenoa eaniiai aeioiaea ia aoaeao oi?ie?iaaoueny
oiiae io?aiu e aini?iecaiaenoaa eaniuo ?ano?nia, ii ia iaiaa 50 %
aeioiaeia athaeaeaoa ca n/ao ieaou ca iieueciaaiea eaniui oiiaeii
aeieaeii auoue iai?aaeaii ia yoe oeaee.
Noiia caiaeueiiai iaeiaa e a?aiaeiie ieaou ca caieth ii?aaeaeaia ia
1999 aiae a ?acia?a 373,4 iei ?oaeae enoiaey ec noaaie caiaeueiiai
iaeiaa, ooaa?aeaeaiiuo Oeacii I?aceaeaioa ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee N854 io
18 ethey 1998 aiaea, iauaiia iaeiaiiaeaaaaiuo ieiuaaeae caiee,
iaeeaeaaiiai iinooieaiey caiaeueiiai iaeiaa e a?aiaeiie ieaou ca caieth
a 1998 aiaeo. Io noii caiaeueiiai iaeiaa e a?aiaeiie
ieaou ca caiee ai?iaeia e iinaeeia a oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao aeey
oeiaine?iaaiey Ainoaea?noaaiiie i?ia?aiiu iiauoaiey ieiaei?iaeey ii/a e
aaaeaiey caiaeueiiai eaaeano?a aeieaeiu ca/eneyoueny 30 %, /oi
ninoaaeyao 100,5 iei ?oaeae.
A athaeaeao e?ay ia 1999 aiae i?iaiice?oaony iinooieaiea 272,9
iei ?oaeae, a oii /enea a e?aaaie athaeaeao ca/eneyaony 20 % n?aaenoa
caiaeueiiai iaeiaa e a?aiaeiie ieaou ca caiee ai?iaeia e iinaeeia a
noiia 67 iei ?oaeae ia oeaio?aeeciaaiii auiieiyaiua ia?ii?eyoey ii
eiaaioa?ecaoeee caiaeue e eiaeaia?iiio iaono?ienoao oa??eoi?ee.
A athaeaeaou ai?iaeia e ?aeiiia e?ay aeieaeii iinooieoue
caiaeueiiai iaeiaa e a?aiaeiie ieaou ca caieth a noiia 205,9 iei ?oaeae.
Oaaeeoea 2.3.3.
I?iaiic caiaeueiiai iaeiaa e a?aiaeiie ieaou ca caieth ia 1999
aiae
(iei ?oaeae)
Iaeeaeaaiia
iinooieaiea
a 1998 aiaeo I?iaiic ia
1999 aiae
Iinooieaiea anaai 93,4 373,4
A oii /enea ia?a/eneyaony
A oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao 25,1 100,5
A e?aaaie athaeaeao 16,8 67
A athaeaeaou ai?iaeia e ?aeiiia e?ay 51,5 205,9
ii iaiaeiaiaui aeioiaeai, ii athaeaeaoo e?ay:
A 1999 aiaeo ieaie?oaony iinooieaiey a athaeaeao io iaeiaa n i?iaeaae a
noiia 292000 oun. ?oaeae. ?an/ao i?iecaaaeai enoiaey ec i?iaiica ii
iauaio ?icie/iiai oiaa?iiai?ioa ia 1999 aiae n o/aoii aeeiaieee
iinooieaiey aiaeiae/iuo iaeiaia a i?ioeua aiaeu (iaeiaa n ?icie/iiai
oiaa?iiai?ioa, iaeiaa n ?icie/iuo i?iaeaae). Noiia iaeiaa n i?iaeaae,
o/oaiiay Ieienoa?noaii Oeiainia ?O i?e ?an/aoa o?ainoa?oa Oaaa?ianeiio
e?ath, ?ann/eoaia enoiaey ec noaaee iaeiaa 5 i?ioeaioia. O/eouaay yoi,
i?iaiic ia 1999 aiae ii iaeiao n i?iaeaae ?ann/eoai enoiaey ec noaaee
5 i?ioeaioia. Oanoueaeanyo i?ioeaioia iaeiaa n i?iaeaae inoathony a
athaeaeaoao ai?iaeia e ?aeiiia e?ay, 40 % iaeiaa iai?aaeaii a e?aaaie
athaeaeao aeey auiieiaiey ia?ii?eyoee e?aaaie nioeeaeueiie i?ia?aiiu.
I?i/ea iaeiae, ieaoaaee e nai?u a 1999 aiaeo ninoaayo 21540 oun. ?oaeae
i?ioea iaeeaeaaiiai eniieiaiey 1998 aiaea 344824 oun. ?oaeae. A oii
/enea:
Aeioiaeu io eeoeaiceiiiuo nai?ia a 1999 aiaeo ninoaayo 3000 oun.
?oaeae, /oi a 12 ?ac ieaea iaeeaeaaiiai iinooieaiey ca 1998 aiae (36219
oun. ?oaeae). I?e/eia caeeth/aaony a ioiaia nai?a ca i?aai oi?aiaee,
eioi?ue a aeioiaeao athaeaeaoa io?aaeaeny ii aeaiiie noaouea, a oaeaea
a nayce n i?eiyoeai Oaaea?aeueiiai Caeiia i eeoeaice?iaaiee ioaeaeueiuo
aeaeia aeayoaeueiinoe. Aeaiiue Oaaea?aeueiue Caeii ?aaeaiaioe?oao noaaee
eeoeaiceiiiuo nai?ia, ?acia? eioi?uo ia aeieaeai i?aauoaoue 10
ieieiaeueiuo ca?aaioiuo ieao. A ianoiyuaa a?aiy noaaee ii iiiaei
aeaeai aeayoaeueiinoe, iiaeeaaeauei eeoeaice?iaaieth cia/eoaeueii
i?aauoatho onoaiiaeaiiue Caeiiii ?acia?.
I?i/ea iaeiaiaua ieaoaaee a 1999 aiaeo ninoaayo 18540 oun. ?oaeae,
i?ioea 308605 oun. ?oaeae, iaeeaeaaiuo a 1998 aiaeo. A aeaiioth
noaoueth aeioiaeia aioee neaaeothuea ieaoaaee:
iaeia ia eai?iue aecian – aaaaeai a e?aa n 1 yiaa?y 1999 aiaea,
i?iaiiciay ioeaiea ii aeaiiiio iaeiao ninoaaeyao 1000 oun. ?oaeae.
?an/ao i?iecaaaeai enoiaey ec noaaee iaeiaa e eiee/anoaa eai?iiai
iai?oaeiaaiey .
ainiioeeia, ia 1999 aiae caieaie?iaaii iinooieaiea ainiioeeiu a ?acia?a
14635 oun. ?oaeae.
iaeia ia ?aeeaio caieaie?iaai a 1999 aiaeo a noiia 2905 oun. ?oaeae.
Ioiaiaiu ?aiaa aoiaeyuea a aeaiioth noaoueth aeioiaeia iaeia ia
aeeeeuii-eiiioiaeueiia oicyenoai, nai? ia ioaeaeu ia?aciaaoaeueiuo
o/?aaeaeaiee, oeaeaaua nai?u ia ieeeoeeth, iaeia ia ia?ai?iaeaaeo
aaoiiiaeeae e eiiiuethoa?iie oaoieee e ae?oaea.
I?i/ea iaiaeiaiaua aeioiaeu ninoaayo a 1999 aiaeo 133767 oun. ?oaeae,
/oi ninoaaeyao 102,4 % iaeeaeaaiiai eniieiaiey 1998 aiaea (130652 oun.
?oaeae), a oii /enea:
aeioiaeu io a?aiaeiie ieaou a 1999 aiaeo ieaie?oaony iieo/eoue a noiia
77600 oun. ?oaeae, /oi ninoaaeyao 114,9 % io iaeeaeaaiiai eniieiaiey ca
1998 aiae (67485 oun. ?oaeae);
aeeaeaeaiaeu ii aeoeeyi i?eiaaeeaaeauei ainoaea?noao caieaie?iaaiu a
noiia 3486 oun. ?oaeae ia o?iaia iaeeaeaaiiai eniieiaiey 1998 aiaea;
oo?aou e aaeieieno?aoeaiua ieaoaaee a 1999 aiaeo iinooiyo a noiia 30526
oun. ?oaeae;
i?i/ea iaiaeiaiaua aeioiaeu ia 1999 aiae caieaie?iaaiu a noiia 22155
oun. ?oaeae, /oi ieaea o?iaiy iaeeaeaaiiai eniieiaiey 1998 aiaea ia 7000
oun. ?oaeae. I?e/eiie iineoaeeea ioiaia a 1998 aiaeo ieaoaaeae a
athaeaeao io oi?aiaie iaoeaiee ia aiaeeo.
Ii e?aaaiio athaeaeaoo:
Iaeia n i?iaeaae caieaie?iaai ia 1999 aiae a noiia 116800 oun. ?oaeae,
/oi ninoaaeyao 40 % io ieaie?oaiie noiiu iaeiaa a oeaeii ii e?ath.
I?i/ea iaeiae, ieaoaaee e nai?u a 1999 aiaeo iinooiyo a noiia 1300 oun.
?oaeae.
Ec ieo iaeia ia eai?iue aecian ninoaaeo 1000 oun. ?oaeae. Iaeia ia
eai?iue aecian aaaaeai a e?aa n 1 yiaa?y 1999 aiaea. ?an/ao i?iecaaaeai
enoiaey ec noaaie iaeiaa, ooaa?aeaeaiiuo Caeiiii Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay e
eiee/anoaa ca?aaeno?e?iaaiiiai eai?iiai iai?oaeiaaiey.
Eeoeaiceiiiua nai?u a 1999 aiaeo ninoaayo 300 oun. ?oaeae i?ioea
iaeeaeaaiiai eniieiaiey 1998 aiaea 4801 oun. ?oaeae. A naioya?a 1998
aiaea i?eiyo Oaaea?aeueiue Caeii i eeoeaice?iaaiee ioaeaeueiuo aeaeia
aeayoaeueiinoe. Aeaiiue Oaaea?aeueiue Caeii ?aaeaiaioe?oao noaaee
eeoeaiceiiiuo nai?ia, ?acia? eioi?uo ia aeieaeai i?aauoaoue 10
ieieiaeueiuo ca?aaioiuo ieao. A ianoiyuaa a?aiy noaaee ii iiiaei
aeaeai aeayoaeueiinoe, iiaeeaaeauei eeoeaice?iaaieth cia/eoaeueii
i?aauoatho onoaiiaeaiiue Caeiiii ?acia?.
I?i/ea iaiaeiaiaua aeioiaeu ieaie?oaony iieo/eoue a 1999 aiaeo ia iauoth
noiio 34515 oun. ?oaeae, /oi ninoaaeyao 87,2% iaeeaeaaiiai iinooieaiey
1998 aiaea (41965 oun. ?oaeae). A oii /enea :
Aeioiaeu io ainnianoaaiiinoe ninoaayo 11555 oun. ?oaeae, ec ieo
a?aiaeiay ieaoa 10355, aeeaeaeaiaeu ii aeoeeyi, i?eiaaeeaaeauei
ainoaea?noao 1200 oun. ?oaeae.
Aaeieieno?aoeaiua ieaoaaee e oo?aoiua naieoeee ninoaayo 19312 oun.
?oaeae ia o?iaia iaeeaeaaiiai eniieiaiey 1998 aiaea.
A 1999 aiaeo ia ieaie?oaony oi?aiaay iaoeaiea ia aiaeeo. Aeaiiue ieaoaae
ioiaiai a 1998 aiaeo.
I?i/ea iaiaeiaiaua aeioiaeu a 1999 aiaeo ninoaayo 3648 oun. ?oaeae ia
o?iaia iaeeaeaaiiai eniieiaiey 1998 aiaea.
2.4 Ieaie?iaaiea e i?iaiice?iaaiea ?anoiaeia athaeaeaoa e?ay e e?aaaiai
athaeaeaoa ia 1999 aiae
Athaeaeao e?ay aiineony ia ?anniio?aiea ii ii ?anoiaeai 5842,7
iei. ?oaeae. E?aaaie athaeaeao niioaaonoaaiii – 3669 iei. ?oaeae.
Aeaoeoeeo ninoaaee niioaaonoaaiii ii athaeaeaoo e?ay 22,3% e ?anoiaeai,
ii e?aaaiio athaeaeaoo – 17,5%. Ia iie?uoea aeaoeoeeoa athaeaeaoa
ieaie?oaony iai?aaeoue caaiiua n?aaenoaa, aeeth/ay n?aaenoaa io
yiennee oeaiiuo aoiaa aaeieieno?aoeee e?ay ia iauoth noiio 200 iei
?oaeae.
A ea/anoaa enoi/ieea oeiaine?iaaiey aeaoeoeeoa athaeaeaoa e?ay oaeaea
i?aaeoniio?aiu: nnoaea ec oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa a iau?ia 1042,9 iei
?oaeae, 10 i?ioeaioia aiaathaeaeaoiuo oiiaeia (40,6 iei ?oaeae), 10
i?ioeaioia io/eneaiee ia aini?iecaiaenoai INA (4 iei. ?oaeae),
iaeniieueciaaiiua inoaoee n?aaenoa (15 iei. ?oaeae).
?anoiaeu e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa e eiinieeaee?iaaiiiai athaeaeaoa ia
1999 aiae ii?aaeaeaiu enoiaey ec oaeoe/aneeo iinooieaiee ca
i?ioeue aiae e a ia?aii iieoaiaeee 1998 aiaea.
No?oeoo?a ?anoiaeia Oaaa?ianeiai e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa i?aaenoaaeaia a
i?eeiaeaieyo 13,14,15,16.
Ca aaco ?an/aoia iieacaoaeae i?iaeoa ?anoiaeia athaeaeaoa e?ay e
e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa ia 1999 a. i?eieiaeanue iaeeaeaaiay ioeaiea
eniieiaiey athaeaeaoa 1998 aiaea.
I?e oi?ie?iaaiee ?anoiaeiie /anoe i?iaeoa athaeaeaoa o/eouaaeinue
no?oeoo?iia eciaiaiea ?anoiaeia athaeaeaoa, i?ei?eoaoiia oeiaine?iaaiea
nioeeaeueii-eoeueoo?iuo io?aneae yeiiiieee.
Ia?aoaiu ieii/aoaeueii aii?inu e eiathony ?aciiaeaney n Ieienoa?noaii
oeiainia ii ?an/aoo ia 1998 aiae o?ainoa?oia Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay ec
oaaea?aeueiiai oiiaea oeiainiaie iiaeaea?aeee noauaeoia ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee.
Ooieoeeiiaeueiay no?oeoo?a ?anoiaeia athaeaeaoa e?ay ia 1999 aiae
auiieiaia a niiinoaaeaiee n athaeaeaoii 1998 aiaea e oa?aeoa?ecoaony
neaaeothueie iieacaoaeyie:
Oaaeeoea 2.4.1
Ooieoeeiiaeueiay no?oeoo?a ?anoiaeia athaeaeaoa e?ay ia 1999 aiae
oun. ?oa.
Ieai ia I?iaiic Oaii
Iaeiaiiaaiea iieacaoaeae 1998 aiae ia 1999 a. ?inoa e
ieaio 1998a
?ANOIAeU
AINOAeA?NOAAIIIA OI?AAEAIEA – ANAAI 271574 438468 1,61
I?AAIIO?AIEOAEUeIUA I?AAIU – ANAAI 191700 190072 0,99
I?IIUOEAIIINOUe, YIA?AAOEEA,NO?IEOAEUeNOAI- ANAAI 134287 94662 0,70
NAEUeNEIA OICssENOAI – ANAAI 206630 295423 1,43
IO?AIA IE?OAEATHUAE N?AAeU – ANAAI 1400 1400 1,00
O?AINII?O, AeI?IAEIIA OICssENOAI,NAssCUe – ANAAI 266890 202363 0,76
?ACAEOEA ?UII*IIE EIO?ANO?OEOO?U – ANAAI 3000 0 0,00
AEEEEUII-EIIIOIAEUeIIA OICssENOAI – ANAAI 958323 1628594 1,70
I?AAeOI?AAEAeAIEA E EEEAEAeAOeEss IINEAAeNOAEE *?ACAU*AEIUO NEOOAOeEE E
NOEOEEIUO AAAeNOAEE – ANAAI 16200 12562 0,78
IA?ACIAAIEA – ANAAI 1411600 1376133 0,97
EOEUeOO?A E ENEONNOAI – ANAAI 123400 124208 1,01
N?AAeNOAA IANNIAIE EIOI?IAOeEE – ANAAI 10310 5132 0,50
CAe?AAIIO?AIAIEA – ANAAI 816800 826002 1,01
OECE*ANEAss EOEUeOO?A E NII?O – ANAAI 32700 35335 1,08
NIOeEAEUeIAss IIEEOEEA – ANAAI 741400 565544 0,76
OEIAINIAAss IIIIUUe ATHAeAEAOAI Ae?OAEO O?IAIAE 580400 680796 1,17
IIAEEECAOeEIIIAss IIAeAIOIAEA YEIIIIEEE – ANAAI 9600 7420 0,77
I?I*EA ?ANOIAeU 655400 405419 0,62
OeAEAAUA ATHAeAEAOIUA OIIAeU 31500 36000 1,14
Ia naeueneia oicyenoai i?aaeoniio?aii iai?aaeoue a 1999 aiaeo ec
athaeaeaoa e?ay 151,0 iei ?oaeae (aac o/aoa eaiaeiaeaiee), i?ioea
oaeoe/anee auaeaeaiiuo a 1997 aiaeo anneaiiaaiey oiaiueoathony ia 6
i?ioeaioia, ii n?aaiaieth n ieaiii ia 1998 aiae ia 26,9 i?ioeaioa.
Ec e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa ia naeueneia oicyenoai i?aaeoniio?aii iai?aaeoue
a 1999 aiaeo 117,3 iei ?oaeae (aac o/aoa eaiaeiaeaiee), i?ioea
oaeoe/anee auaeaeaiiuo a 1997 aiaeo anneaiiaaiey oiaiueoathony ia 14
i?ioeaioia, ii n?aaiaieth n ieaiii ia 1998 aiae ia 32,5 i?ioeaioa.
A nayce ni nieaeaieai iau?iia i?iecaiaenoaa e ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoeoeee
aeeaioiiaiaenoaa oiaiueoaiu ?anoiaeu ia auieaoo aeioaoeee. Ia yoe oeaee
i?aaeoniio?aii auaeaeeoue 83 iei ?oaeae. Aeioaoeey ec athaeaeaoa
iie?uaaao oicyenoaai i?eia?ii 30 i?ioeaioia cao?ao, ii i?iecaiaenoai
i?iaeoeoeee aeeaioiiaiaenoaa inoaaony oauoi/iui. Noaaee aeioaoeee
aeeooa?aioee?iaaiu ii ?aeiiai, 53% aeioaoeee iai?aaeyaony ia
iiaeaea?aeeo i?iecaiaenoaa iieiea, 20 % – ia i?iecaiaenoai yeoe.
Oa?ia?neei oicyenoaai, e?iia aeioaoeee ia i?iaeoeoeeth aeeaioiiaiaenoaa,
i?aaeoniio?aii auaeaeaiea eueaioiuo e?aaeeoia.
?anoiaeu ia iiaeaea?aeeo oa?ia?neeo oicyenoa i?aaeoniio?aii nio?aieoue
ia o?iaia 1998 aiaea.
Ia iiaeaea?aeeo ieaiaiiiai aeaea a aeeaioiiaiaenoaa ec e?aaaiai
athaeaeaoa auiea/eaaaony aeioaoeey 7 oicyenoaai, eiathuei ieaiaiiua
oa?iu, eiiiaine?othony cao?aou ii i?eia?aoaieth naiaie ieaiaiiuo
aeeaioiuo, iie?uaathony ?anoiaeu ia i?eia?aoaiea acioa ia o?aiaiea yoiai
naiaie a ainieaii?aaei?eyoee. Anaai ia iiaeaea?aeeo ieaiaiiiai aeaea
iai?aaeyaony 4,6 iei ?oaeae. Aeaaiaea?y iiaeaea?aeea ieaiaiiiai aeaea
nio?aiyaony iiaieiauea ieaiaiiiai neioa.
I?aaeoniio?aii nio?aieoue a 1999 aiaeo eiiiainaoeee
naeueoici?aaei?eyoeyi /anoe cao?ao ia niaea?aeaiea aeeeiai oiiaea e
aeaoneeo o/?aaeaeaiee. Enoiaey ec aeaenoaothueo a ianoiyuaa a?aiy
ii?iaoeaia ?anoiaeia ia yoe oeaee iai?aaeyaony 10 iei ?oaeae.
Ia oeiaine?iaaiea ?aaio, i?aaeoniio?aiiuo ainoaea?noaaiiie eiiieaeniie
i?ia?aiiie iiauoaiey ieiaei?iaeey ii/a Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay, iai?aaeythony
n?aaenoaa caiaeueiiai iaeiaa, oeaio?aeecoaiiai a e?aaaii athaeaeaoa.
Ia niaea?aeaiea o/?aaeaeaiee ainoaea?noaaiiie aaoa?eia?iie naoe
i?aaeoniio?aii nio?aieoue ?anoiaeu ia o?iaia oaeoe/aneiai eniieiaiey ca
1997 aiae a noiia 8,6 iei ?oaeae.
A i?i/eo ?anoiaeao i?aaeoniao?eaathony cao?aou ia niaea?aeaiea e ?aiiio
aioo?eoicyenoaaiiie iaeei?aoeaiie naoe naeueoici?aaei?eyoee,
niaea?aeaiea neoaeau ainoaoiaaeci?a e e?aaaie ainoaea?noaaiiie naiaiiie
einiaeoeee.
Eaieoaeueiua aeiaeaiey:
A niioaaonoaee n iinoaiiaeaieai I?aaeoaeuenoaa ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee io
31.01.91 ? 70 “?acaeoea eiaeono?ee aeaoneiai ieoaiey a ?innee” e
I?aceaeaioneie i?ia?aiiu “Aeaoe ?innee” a a.Oaaa?ianea aaaeaony
no?ieoaeuenoai oeaoa aeaoneiai ieoaiey.
?anii?yaeaieai I?aaeoaeuenoaa ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee io 17.07.96 ?
1171-? i?aaeoniio?aii i?eaea/aiea e?aaeeoa yenii?oii-eiii?oiiai aaiea
ssiiiee a ?acia?a 15 iei aeieea?ia NOA aeey oeiaine?iaaiey caeoiie
eiii?oiiai iai?oaeiaaiey ii i?iecaiaenoao i?iaeoeoia aeaoneiai ieoaiey.
Ieinaeueoici?iaeii ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee 26 oaa?aey 1998 aiaea
ooaa?aeaeaii oaoieei-yeiiiie/aneia iainiiaaiea, auiieiaiea
no?ieoaeueii-iiioaaeiuo ?aaio iaiaoiaeeii i?iaanoe e ia/aeo iiioaaea
eiii?oiiai iai?oaeiaaiey aei 01.03.99 aiaea. Iauee iau?i eaieoaeueiuo
aeiaeaiee ia caaa?oaiea no?ieoaeuenoaa oeaoa ninoaaeyao 17,3 iei ?oaeae,
ca n/ao n?aaenoa e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa a 1998 aiaeo iaeeaeaaiua ?anoiaeu
ninoaayo 4,7 iei ?oaeae. Aeey ieii/aiey no?ieoaeuenoaa oeaoa ia 1999
aiae iaiaoiaeeiu anneaiiaaiey 12,5 iei ?oaeae.
Io?aia ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu:
Ca n/ao iacaaiiuo ?anoiaeia oeiaine?oaony niaea?aeaiea e?aaaie
ainoaea?noaaiiie einiaeoeee ii iaeiia?iui noaeai, i?aaeoniio?aii
nio?aieoue ?anoiaeu ia o?iaia 1998 aiaea a noiia 1,4 iei ?oaeae.
I?e ii?aaeaeaiee ?anoiaeia a i?iaeoa athaeaeaoa e?ay ia 1999 aiae ii
io?anee “aeeeeuii-eiiioiaeueiia oicyenoai” ca iniiao i?eiyou
oaeoe/aneea aeaiiua ii aeaiiie io?anee ca 1997 aiae.
Aeiiieieoaeueii o/oaiu ?anoiaeu ia niaea?aeaiea iauaeoia, i?eiyouo a
ioieoeeiaeueioth nianoaaiiinoue a 1997-1998 aiaeao, ia aioaaeoeo a
aaciaua aeaiiua ca 1997 aiae, ia iauoth noiio 280574,9 oun ?oaeae.
E?iia oiai, o/oaiu ?anoiaeu ia ieacaiea ?eooaeueiuo oneoa aeey
?aaeecaoeee iinoaiiaeaiey aeaau aaeieieno?aoeee e?ay io 08.12.97 ? 516 “
I ?aaeecaoeee Oaaea?aeueiiai Caeiia ?O “I iia?aaaiee e iioi?iiiii aeaea”
ia oa??eoi?ee Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay n eciaiaieyie e aeiiieiaieyie” a ?acia?a
9715 oun ?oaeae.
Aianoa n oai, nie?auaiu ?anoiaeu ii aeaiiie io?anee ia 10 i?ioeaioia
io oaeoa 1997 aiaea a nayce n oaaee/aieai a 1999 aiaeo o?iaiy
ieaoaaeae ianaeaiey ca aeeeuea e oneoae AEEO a oeaeyo eniieiaiey
iinoaiiaeaiey aeaau aaeieieno?aoeee e?ay io 28.11.97 ? 506 “ I ia?ao ii
?aaeecaoeee Oeaca I?aceaeaioa ?O io 28.04.97 ? 425 “I ?aoi?ia
aeeeeuii-eiiioiaeueiiai oicyenoaa a ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee”. I?e yoii
o/oaiu ?anoiaeu ia auieaoo noaneaeee ca iio?aaeaiiua
aeeeeuii-eiiioiaeueiua oneoae iaeiiaania/aiiui neiyi ianaeaiey.
Ia iniiaaiee iinoaiiaeaiey aeaau aaeieieno?aoeee e?ay io 13.08.98 ? 318
“I oiaea auiieiaiey athaeaeaoa e?ay a ia?aii iieoaiaeee 1998 aiaea e i
caaea/ao ii eniieiaieth athaeaeaoa e?ay ai aoi?ii iieoaiaeee 1998 aiaea”
?anoiaeu ioieoeeiaeueiuo ia?aciaaiee, iio?aaeythueo oaieiaoth yia?aeth,
au?aaaouaaaioth IAI “Oaaa?ianeyia?ai”, nie?auaiu ia noiio aiciauaiey
?acieoeu a oeaia ia oaiei, ioioneaaiia ianaeaieth, i?iaeeaathuaio a
ioieoeeiaeueiii aeeeuea. Noiia nie?auaiey ii?aaeaeaia enoiaey ec
oaeoe/aneeo ?anoiaeia ca 1997 aiae.
Eiiiainaoeey ?acieoeu a oeaia ia oaiei, ioioneaaiia ianaeaieth IAI
“Oaaa?ianeyia?ai”, aoaeao i?iecaiaeeony oeaio?aeeciaaii ec e?aaaiai
athaeaeaoa.
E?iia oiai, i?aaeoniio?aiu n?aaenoaa ia i?iaaaeaiea eaieoaeueiiai
?aiiioa iauaeoia aeeeeuii-eiiioiaeueiiai oicyenoaa.
Iinoaiiaeaieai aeaau aaeieieno?aoeee e?ay io 31.08.98 ? 337 “Ia o?iaia
ieaoaaeae a?aaeaeai ca naeeaeaiiue aac” o?iaaiue ieaoaaeae a?aaeaeai ca
naeeaeaiiue aac e cao?aoai i?iecaiaenoaa e o?ainii?oe?iaee n 1 naioya?y
1998 aiaea onoaiiaeai a ?acia?a 100 i?ioeaioia. E a i?iaeoa e?aaaiai
athaeaeaoa ia 1999 aiae i?aaeoniio?aiu ?anoiaeu oieueei ia aiciauaiea
auiaaeathueo aeioiaeia IAI “Oaaa?ianee?aeaac” a nayce n i?aaeinoaaeaieai
eueaio e noaneaeee ii iieaoa ca aac ioaeaeueiui eaoaai?eyi a?aaeaeai.
Noiia ?anoiaeia ii?aaeaeaia a ?acia?a 28000 oun.?oaeae.
Eaieoaeueiia no?ieoaeuenoai:
Auaeaeaiea n?aaenoa ia oeiaine?iaaiea ainoaea?noaaiiuo eaieoaeueiuo
aeiaeaiee a i?iaeoa e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa ia 1999 aiae i?aaeoniao?eaaaony
enoiaey ec ?aaeueiuo oeiainiauo aiciiaeiinoae.
A nayce n iaaeinoaoi/iinoueth athaeaeaoiuo n?aaenoa eo eniieueciaaiea ia
eaieoaeueiia no?ieoaeuenoai i?aaeoniio?aii ia?aie/eoue a iniiaiii
iie?uoeai e?aaeeoi?neie caaeieaeaiiinoe, i?aaeiieaaaaiie e ia?aciaaieth
ii ninoiyieth ia 01.01.99 ia no?iyueony iauaeoao a iauae noiia 47729,1
oun ?oaeae.
E?iia oiai, a neaaeothuai aiaeo i?aaeoniao?eaaaony o/anoea e?ay a
oeiaine?iaaiee no?ieoaeuenoaa aeeciaiii aaaeiiia e nioeeaeueii cia/eiiai
aeey e?ay iauaeoa – “Oeao aeaoneiai ieoaiey a a.Oaaa?ianea” a noiia
12500,0 oun ?oaeae.
Aoaeao i?iaeieaeaii oeiaine?iaaiea ainoaea?noaaiiuo eiaanoeoeee
oaaea?aeueiie i?ia?aiiu, ca/oaiiuo Ieioeiii ?O a n/ao iiaaoaiey
athaeaeaoiuo nnoae ia iauoth noiio 8688,3 oun ?oaeae.
Iauay noiia ?anoiaeia e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa ia ?aaeecaoeeth
eiaanoeoeeiiiie iieeoeee i?aaeoniao?eaaaony a ?acia?a 57437,6 oun
?oaeae.
Oaaeeoea 2.4.2
?anoiaeu ii o?ainii?oo ii athaeaeaoo e?ay:
(a iei.?oaeae)
Iieacaoaee I?iaiic ia 1999 aiae
Aaoiiiaeeueiue o?ainii?o 77,663
?a/iie o?ainii?o 6,6
Aicaeooiue o?ainii?o 26,4
Ai?yeaeo?io?ainii?o 23,8
AEaeaciiaei?iaeiue o?ainii?o 40,9
I?eia?aoaiea o?ainii?oa 27,0
EOIAI: 202,363
I?e ?an/aoa aeioaoeee ii io?anee “ o?ainii?o “ ia 1999 aiae ca iniiao
i?eiyo ooi/iaiiue ieai 1998 aiaea. A niioaaonoaee n iinoaiiaeaieai aeaau
aaeieieno?aoeee e?ay io 02.09.98 ? 346 “I i?ia?aiia icaei?iaeaiey
ainoaea?noaaiiuo oeiainia e yeiiiiee ainoaea?noaaiiuo ?anoiaeia”
nie?auaiu anneaiiaaiey ii n?aaiaieth n ieaiii 1998 aiaea ia 10
i?ioeaioia eee ia 65,4 iei ?oaeae.
I?e ?an/aoa athaeaeaoa ii aaoio?ainii?oiui i?aaei?eyoeyi o/oaiu cao?aou
ia iie?uoea oauoeia io ia?aaicee eueaioiuo iannaaee?ia ai?iaeneei aaoi
e yeaeo?io?ainii?oii. E?iia oiai, a oeaeyo iaania/aiey iannaaee?neeo
ia?aaicie a ianaeaiiua ioieou e?ay, aaea aaoiaonu yaeythony
aaeeinoaaiiui n?aaenoaii niiauaiey, a i?iaeoa athaeaeaoa i?aaeoniio?aiu
n?aaenoaa aeey /anoe/iie eiiiainaoeee cao?ao ii iaaeaeoai?iaeiui
ia?aaiceai.
I?e ?an/aoa athaeaeaoa o/oaiu ?anoiaeu ia iie?uoea oauoeia io ia?aaicee
iannaaee?ia ia ianoiuo aicaeooiuo eeieyo, a oii /enea ia aiciauaiea
cao?ao ii ia?aaicea iannaaee?ia aa?oieaoaie a aanaiia-ceiiee ia?eiae,
eiaaea aa?oieaou yaeythony aaeeinoaaiiui aeaeii o?ainii?oa.
I?e i?iaiice?iaaiee ?anoiaeia athaeaeaoa ia 1998 aiae i?aaeoniio?aiu
?anoiaeu ia ia?aaiceo iannaaee?ia ii ioieoeeiaeueiui aeaeaciui aei?iaai,
?aiaa i?eiaaeeaaeaaoeo aaaeiinoaai a ?aeiiao, aaea aeaeaciay aei?iaa
yaeyaony aaeeinoaaiiui aeaeii niiauaiey (Eiiniiieueneee ?aeii e ?aeii
ei. Eaci).
A athaeaeaoa ia ieaie?oaiue aiae i?aaeoniio?aiu ?anoiaeu i?aaei?eyoeyi
aeaeaciiaei?iaeiiai o?ainii?oa ia eiiiainaoeeth oauoeia io ia?aaicee
iannaaee?ia ia i?eai?iaeiuo eeieyo.
Ii noaouea “i?eia?aoaiea o?ainii?oa” i?aaeoniio?aiu oieueei ?anoiaeu
aeey ?an/aoia ii eiio?aeoo ia i?eia?aoaiea aaoiaonia, iinooieaoeo a
e?ae a 1998 aiaeo io oe?iu “AeYO Ei?ii?aeoi”.
Oaaeeoea 2.4.2
?anoiaeu ii o?ainii?oo ii e?aaaiio athaeaeaoo :
(a iei ?oaeae)
Iieacaoaee I?iaiic ia 1999 aiae
Aaoiiiaeeueiue o?ainii?o 3,0
?a/iie o?ainii?o 6,6
Aicaeooiue o?ainii?o 26,4
Ai?yeaeo?io?ainii?o 23,8
AEaeaciiaei?iaeiue o?ainii?o 40,9
I?eia?aoaiea o?ainii?oa 27,0
EOIAI: 103,9
I?e ?an/aoa aeioaoeee ii io?anee “ o?ainii?o” ia 1999 aiae ca iniiao
i?eiyo ooi/iaiiue ieai 1998 aiaea, oiaiueoaiiue a niioaaonoaee n
iinoaiiaeaieai aeaau aaeieieno?aoeee e?ay io 02.09.98 ?346 “I i?ia?aiia
icaei?iaiaiey ainoaea?noaaiiuo oeiainia e yeiiiiee ainoaea?noaaiiuo
?anoiaeia” 47,6 iei ?oaeae eee ia 30 i?ioeaioia.
A oeaeyo iaania/aiey iannaaee?neeo ia?aaicie a ianaeaiiua ioieou e?ay,
aaea aaoiaonu yaeythony aaeeinoaaiiui n?aaenoaii niiauaiey, a i?iaeoa
e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa i?aaeoniio?aiu n?aaenoaa aeey /anoe/iie eiiiainaoeee
cao?ao ii iaaeaeoai?iaeiui ia?aaiceai.
Oaeaea, i?e ?an/aoao athaeaeaoa ia 1999 aiae o/eouaaeenue ?anoiaeu ia
aiciauaiea ?acieoeu iaaeaeo cao?aoaie e aeioiaeaie, iieo/aiiuie io
ia?aaicee iannaaee?ia ia ?a/iuo i?eai?iaeiuo eeieyo.
A ?anoiaeao e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa ia 1999 aiae o/oaiu ?anoiaeu ia iie?uoea
oauoeia io ia?aaicee iannaaee?ia ia ianoiuo aicaeooiuo eeieyo
aaeaeiiiaieae “Ainoie” e Ieeieaaaneei iauaaeeiaiiui aaeaio?yaeii.
A i?iaeoa e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa ia 1999 aiae i?aaeoniio?aiu ?anoiaeu
i?aaei?eyoeyi aeaeaciiaei?iaeiiai o?ainii?oa ia eiiiainaoeeth oauoeia io
ia?aaicee iannaaee?ia ia i?eai?iaeiuo eeieyo.
I?e ?an/aoao e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa ii noaouea “i?eia?aoaiea o?ainii?oa”
o/oaiu ?anoiaeu ii iieaoa eiio?aeoa ia i?eia?aoaiea aaoiaonia,
iinooieaoeo a e?ae a 1998 aiaeo io oe?iu “AeYO Ei?ii?aeoi”.
Ec athaeaeaoa Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay oeiaine?othony o/?aaeaeaiey iauaai e
i?ioanneiiaeueiiai ia?aciaaiey, a oii /enea niaea?aeaiea 35,7 oun aeaoae
a aeaoneeo aeioeieueiuo o/?aaeaeaieyo, 5,9 oun.aeaoae a eioa?iaoiuo
o/?aaeaeaieyo, a oii /enea 2075 aeaoae a aeaoneeo aeiiao, iao/aiea 228,8
oun aeaoae a iauaia?aciaaoaeueiuo aeiaaiuo e aa/a?ieo o/?aaeaeaieyo, 3,0
oun aeaoae a n?aaeieo niaoeeaeueiuo o/aaiuo caaaaeaieyo.
Athaeaeaoiua anneaiiaaiey ii?aaeaeaiu a noiia 1375184 oun ?oaeae, a oii
/enea ii ca?aaioiie ieaoa e ia/eneaieyi 666246 oun ?oaeae.
A i?iaeoa athaeaeaoa ia 1999 aiae i?aaeoniao?eaathony anneaiiaaiey ia
i?eia?aoaiea e aeinoaaeo o/aaieeia a noiia 6800 oun ?oaeae, ia
i?iaaaeaiea eaoiae icaei?iaeoaeueiie eaiiaiee a noiia 35100 oun ?oaeae.
A i?iaeoa athaeaeaoa ia 1999 aiae i?aaeoniao?eaathony anneaiiaaiey ia
ioe?uoea oeieu-eioa?iaoa a Aa?oiaao?aeineii e Eiiniiieueneii ?aeiiao,
aeaoneiai aeiia ia 50 iano a Aycaineii ?aeiia.
A e?aa aaaeaony ii?aaeaeaiiay oeaeaiai?aaeaiiay ?aaioa ii
i?aaeoi?aaeaeaieth aani?eci?iinoe, ooieoeeiie?otho e ii ia?a
iaaeiaiinoe ?anoe?yaony naoue o/?aaeaeaiee nenoaiu iauanoaaiiiai
ainieoaiey, inouanoaeythueo niaea?aeaiea, ooiae, ainieoaiea aeaoae.
A ianoiyuaa a?aiy a e?aa ioe?uou 33 aeaoneeo aeiia a eioi?uo i?iaeeaatho
2075 ainieoaiieeia, a 9 aeaoneeo aeiiao naiaeiiai ainieouaaaony 54
?aaaiea, a 6 iauaia?aciaaoaeueiuo oeieao-eioa?iaoao i?iaeeaatho 854
ainieoaiieea ec eioi?uo 204 ne?iou, a 19 aniiiiaaoaeueiuo
oeieao-eioa?iaoao i?iaeeaaao 2466 ainieoaiieea a oii /enea 401 ne?ioa.
Ec e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa ii ia?aciaaieth oeiaine?othony o/?aaeaeaiey
iauaai e n?aaeiaai i?ioanneiiaeueiiai ia?aciaaiey e ia?ii?eyoey e?aaaiai
cia/aiey – eaoiyy icaei?iaeoaeueiay eaiiaiey. i?eia?aoaiea o/aaieeia.
O/?aaeaeaiey iauaai e n?aaeiaai i?ioanneiiaeueiiai ia?aciaaiey: oeiea-
eioa?iao aeey aeooeo e neaaineuoaueo aeaoae, oeiea-eioa?iao aeey neaiuo
e neaaineuoaueo aeaoae, o/?aaeaeaiey aeiiieieoaeueiiai ia?aciaaiey,
yaeythueany oeaio?aie iaoiaee/aneie, iao/ii-iaoiaee/aneie e o/aaiie
aeayoaeueiinoe aeey o/?aaeaeaiee aeiiieieoaeueiiai ia?aciaaiey a ?aeiiao
e?ay (e?aaaie aeaonei-thiioaneee oeaio? oo?ecia e yeneo?nee, e?aaaie
oeaio? oaoie/aneiai oai?/anoaa, aeaonei-thiioaneay nii?oeaiay oeiea,
aeai?aoe eoeueoo?u e nii?oa “THiinoue”, aeii oaoieee), niaoeeaeueiay
oeiea aeey aeaoae n aeaaeaioiui iiaaaeaieai, naiue n?aaeieo
niaoeeaeueiuo o/aaiuo caaaaeaiee – o?e iaaeaaiae/aneeo o/eeeua, o?e
iaaeeoeeineeo o/eeeua, eieeaaeae eneonnoa, 5 niaoeeaeueiuo
i?ioanneiiaeueii-oaoie/aneeo o/eeeu, eo?niaua ia?ii?eyoey e einoeooo
iiauoaiey eaaeeoeeaoeee iaaeaaiae/aneeo eaae?ia, aeaa oeieu aunoaai
nii?oeaiiai ianoa?noaa.
A niioaaonoaee n iinoaiiaeaieai aeaau aaeieieno?aoeee e?ay ? 346 io
2.09.98 “I i?ia?aiia icaei?iaeaiey ainoaea?noaaiiuo oeiainia e yeiiiiee
ainoaea?noaaiiuo ?anoiaeia” ieaie?oaony a 1999 aiaeo nie?auaiea i?eaia
nooaeaioia ia athaeaeaoiie iniiaa ia 50 i?ioeaioia a Oaaa?ianeii e
Ieeieaaaneii iaaeeoeeineeo o/eeeuao e iaaeeieeaaeaea; i?aaeoniao?eaaaony
cae?uoea Eiiniiieueneiai-ia-Aio?a iaaeeieeaaeaea e iaaeo/eeeua iinea
aeio/eaaiey i?eiyouo a 1998 aiaeo o/aueony; ia?aaea/a ?anoiaeia ii
niaea?aeaieth caeaiee iaaeaaiae/aneiai e iaaeeoeeineiai o/eeeu
a.Ieeieaaanea-ia-Aio?a aaeieieno?aoeee a.Ieeieaaanea; nie?auaiea
?anoiaeia ia niaea?aeaiea e?aaaiai einoeoooa ia?aiiaeaioiaee e iiauoaiey
eaaeeoeeaoeee iaaeaaiae/aneeo eaae?ia ia 50 i?ioeaioia; ?ai?aaiecaoeey
e?aaaiai oeaio?a aeaonei-thiioaneiai oo?ecia e yeneo?nee, e?aaaiai
aeaoneiai -thiioaneiai yeieiai-aeieiae/aneiai oeaio?a, e?aaaiai oeaio?a
aeaonei-thiioaneiai oaoie/aneiai oai?/anoaa a e?aaaie
iao/ii-iaoiaee/aneee oeaio? aeiiieieoaeueiiai ia?aciaaiey n nie?auaieai
?anoiaeia ia niaea?aeaiea ia 40 i?ioeaioia; ia?aaiae ia oic?an/ao
o/eeeua iiauoaiey eaaeeoeeaoeee niaoeeaeenoia ni n?aaeiei iaaeeoeeineei
e oa?iaoeaaoe/aneei ia?aciaaieai.
A ?acoeueoaoa i?iaaaeaiey auoaia?a/eneaiiua ia?ii?eyoee ?anoiaeu
e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa nie?auathony ia 9544 oun ?oaeae, a oii /enea ii
ca?aaioiie ieaoa ia 4334 oun ?oaeae.
Athaeaeaoiua anneaiiaaiey ia 1999 aiae i?aaeoniao?eaathony a noiia 95081
oun ?oaeae, a oii /enea ii ca?aaioiie ieaoa e ia/eneaieyi 30750 oun
?oaeae, ?anoiaeu ia i?iaaaeaiea eaoiae icaei?iaeoaeueiie eaiiaiee 33100
oun ?oaeae, i?eia?aoaiea e aeinoaaeo o/aaieeia 6 000 oun ?oaeae.
Ia ia?ii?eyoey ii niaea?aeaieth e ?acaeoeth eoeueoo?u e eneonnoaa a e?aa
a 1999 aiaeo iaia/aaony iai?aaeoue 119,3 iei ?oaeae ia o?iaia io/aoa ca
1997 aiae, /oi iicaieeo iaania/eoue niaea?aeaiea 355 aeaeeioae e eo
oeeeaeia, 11 iocaaa e eo oeeeaeia, 267 aeiiia eoeueoo?u e eeoaia, 72
i?i/eo eoeueoi?inaaoo/?aaeaeaiee, a oaeaea 6 oaao?ia, neioiie/aneiai
i?eano?a e e?aaaie oeea?iiiee.
Anneaiiaaiee ia ca?aaioioth ieaoo e ia/eneaiey a i?iaeoa athaeaeaoa ia
1999 aiae caieaie?iaaiu a coiia 41,2 iei ?oaeae n o/aoii onoaiiaeaiuo
iaaeaaaie ca i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue iai?a?uaiie ?aaiou a o/?aaeaeaieyo
eoeueoo?u, eneonnoaa, eeii ( iinoaiiaeaiea aeaau aaeieieno?aoeee e?ay ?
526 io 15.12.97 aiaea).
I?aaeoniio?aiu anneaiiaaiey ia eaieoaeueiue ?aiiio o/?aaeaeaiee
eoeueoo?u a noiia 2,7 iei ?oaeae , a oii /enea ia ?aeiino?oeoeeth
i?eiueathueo e e?aaaiio oaao?o eoeie iiiauaiee, ?aiiio eiioea?oiiai caea
oeea?iiiee, ?aaio ii e?iaea e?aaaie aeaoneie aeaeeioaee.
Iaoa?eaeueiua cao?aou caieaie?iaaiu a noiia 75,4 iei ?oaeae ia o?iaia
io/aoa ca 1997 aiae.
I?e ninoaaeaiee athaeaeaoa 1999 aiaea o/oaiu ia?ii?eyoey ii yeiiiiee
?anoiaeia ii eoeueoo?a, eneonnoao e eeii ia noiio 5,8 iei ?oaeae , a oii
/enea : nie?auaiea aeioaoeee oaao?ai ia 20 %, nie?auaiea aaeainee,
?ai?aaiecaoeey o/?aaeaeaiee, eneeth/aiea ec athaeaeaoiiieo/aoaeae
Oaaa?ianeie e?aaaie ienaoaeueneie i?aaiecaoeee, AI “Eeiiaeaeaii?ieaoa”.
Ia ia?ii?eyoey ii oeiaine?iaaieth o/?aaeaeaiee e i?aaiecaoeee eoeueoo?u
e eneonnoaa e?aaaiai iiae/eiaiey ieaie?oaony iai?aaeoue 39,4 iei.?oaeae
eee ia o?iaia io/aoa ca 1997 aiae, /oi iicaieeo iaania/eoue niaea?aeaiea
o?ao aeaeeioae, aeaoo iocaaa, /aou?ao oaao?ia, neioiie/aneiai i?eano?a,
oeea?iiiee e i?i/eo i?aaiecaoeee n o/aoii ia?ii?eyoee ii yeiiiiee
?anoiaeia athaeaeaoa e nie?auaiey /enea athaeaeaoiiieo/aoaeae.
Anneaiiaaiey ia ca?aaioioth ieaoo e ia/eneaiey a i?iaeoa athaeaeaoa ia
1999 aiae caieaie?iaaiu ia o?iaia iaeeaeaaiiai eniieiaiey 1998 aiaea.
A i?iaeoa athaeaeaoa 1999 aiae i?aaeoniio?aiu anneaiiaaiey ia ?aiiio
eiioea?oiiai caea oeea?iiiee, e?iaee e?aaaie aeaoneie aeaeeioaee, caiaia
eaiaeecaoeeiiiie nenoaiu a e?aaaii oaao?a ae?aiu e ?aeiino?oeoeee
iiiauaiee i?eiueathueo e e?aaaiio oaao?o eoeie a noiia 2,7 iei ?oaeae.
Iaoa?eaeueiua cao?aou caieaie?iaaiu a noiia 30,7 iei ?oaeae eee ia 2%
ieaea io/aoiuo aeaiiuo ca 1997 aiae n o/aoii ia?ii?eyoee ii
icaei?iaeaieth ainoaea?noaaiiuo oeiainia.
?an/aou ?anoiaeia ia cae?aaiio?aiaiea i?iecaaaeaiu enoiaey ec iaee/ey
123 aieueieoe n eia/iui oiiaeii ia 14,8 oun. iano, 67 iieeeeeiee ia 4273
oun iinauaiee a aiae, /aou?ao aeiiia ?aaaiea ia 350 iano, o?ao aeaoneeo
naiaoi?eaa ia 560 iano, aeaoo noaioeee ia?aeeaaiey e?iae, iyoe noaioeee
nei?ie iaaeeoeeineie iiiiue e ae?oaeo ea/aaii-i?ioeeaeoe/aneeo
o/?aaeaeaiee.
Athaeaeaoiua anneaiiaaiey ia ?aaeecaoeeth ia?ii?eyoee ii io?aia
caei?iauey ianaeaiey e?ay ia 1999 aiae ii?aaeaeaiu a noiia 815548 oun
?oa. ?anoiaeu ia ca?aaioioth ieaoo e ia/eneaiey ia ca?aaioioth ieaoo
ii?aaeaeaiu a noiia 249938 oun ?oa. n o/aoii eniieiaiey ca 1997 aiae.
Iaoa?eaeueiua cao?aou ii?aaeaeaiu a noiia 565610 oun ?oaeae n o/aoii
oeai e oa?eoia, neiaeeaoeony ii io/aoo ca 1997 aiae.
A i?iaeoa ia 1999 aiae i?aaeoniio?aiu aciinu aaeieieno?aoeee
ioieoeeiaeueiuo ia?aciaaiee e?ay a e?aaaie oiiae iaycaoaeueiiai
iaaeeoeeineiai no?aoiaaiey ca ia?aaioathuaa ianaeaiea e?ay a noiia
192639 oun ?oaeae.
Ia?yaeo n oeiainiauie n?aaenoaaie ainoaea?noaaiiie, ioieoeeiaeueiie
nenoaiu cae?aaiio?aiaiey ia inouanoaeaiea ia?ii?eyoee a iaeanoe io?aiu
caei?iauey aeiiieieoaeueii i?eaeaeathony n?aaenoaa ainoaea?noaaiiie
nenoaiu iaycaoaeueiiai iaaeeoeeineiai no?aoiaaiey, oi?ie?oaiua ca n/ao
io/eneaiee no?aoiaaoaeae ia iaycaoaeueiia iaaeeoeeineia no?aoiaaiea.
Athaeaeaoiua anneaiiaaiey ia ?aaeecaoeeth ia?ii?eyoee ii io?aia
caei?iauey ianaeaiey ec n?aaenoa e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa ia 1999 aiae
ii?aaeaeaiu a noiia 221508 oun ?oaeae.
?anoiaeu i?aaeoniio?aiu ia niaea?aeaiea 17-e e?aaauo
ea/aaii-i?ioeeaeoe/aneeo o/?aaeaeaiee, a oii /enea 6-e aieueieoe e
aeeniaina?ia n eia/iui oiiaeii 1,9 oun iano, e?aaaiai oeaio?a
iaaeeoeeineie ?aaaeeeoaoeee e nii?oeaiie iaaeeoeeiu ia 30 oun iinauaiee
a aiae, e?aaaiai aeiia ?aaaiea ia 90 iano.
A i?iaeoa ia 1999 aiae anneaiiaaiey ii noaouea “Ca?aaioiay ieaoa e
ia/eneaiey ia ca?aaioioth ieaoo” i?aaeoniio?aiu a noiia 55288 oun
?oaeae. Oaaee/aiea oiiaea ca?aaioiie ieaou n ia/eneaieyie io
iaeeaeaaiiai eniieiaiey 1998 aiaea iauyniyaony ioe?uoeai n 01.01.99 a.
niaoeeaeece?iaaiiiai e?aaaiai aeiia ?aaaiea aeey aeaoae-eiaaeeaeia n
ii?aaeaieai oeaio?aeueiie ia?aiie nenoaiu a i.Aa?aciaue Nieia/iiai
?aeiia.
Iaoa?eaeueiua cao?aou ii?aaeaeaiu a noiia 166220 oun ?oaeae. I?e
ii?aaeaeaiee iaoa?eaeueiuo cao?ao o/oaiu ?anoiaeu ia ieoaiea aieueiuo a
e?aaauo o/?aaeaeaieyo cae?aaiio?aiaiey, i?eia?aoaiea iaaeeeaiaioia e
ia?aayci/iuo n?aaenoa, a oii /enea auaeaeyaiuo ii eueaioiui e aanieaoiui
?aoeaioai, oicyenoaaiiua ?anoiaeu, naycaiiua n niaea?aeaieai
o/?aaeaeaiee (ioiieaiea, inaauaiea, aiaeiniaaaeaiea e o.ae.), oaeouee e
eaieoaeueiue ?aiiio, i?eia?aoaiea iai?oaeiaaiey, iieaoa eaoiuo /ania
naieoa?iie aaeaoeee (Aeaeueiaainoi/iue ?aaeiiaeueiue oeaio? iaaeeoeeiu
eaoano?io), iieaoa ca eueaioiia coaiia i?ioace?iaaiea, n?aaenoaa ia
i?ioeaiyieaeaieieiae/aneea ia?ii?eyoey.
A ?anoiaeao e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa ia 1999 aiae ia i?aaeoniao?eaathony
aciinu a e?aaaie oiiae iaycaoaeueiiai iaaeeoeeineiai no?aoiaaiey ca
iaycaoaeueiia iaaeeoeeineia no?aoiaaiea ia?aaioathuaai ianaeaiey e?ay,
eioi?iio ieacuaaaony iaaeeoeeineay iiiiuue a e?aaauo
ea/aaii-i?ioeeaeoe/aneeo o/?aaeaeaieyo. Oeacaiiua n?aaenoaa
i?aaeoniao?eaathony a athaeaeaoao oa??eoi?ee ii io?anee
“Cae?aaiio?aiaiea”.
Ia oece/aneoth eoeueoo?o e nii?o a athaeaeaoa e?ay ia 1999 aiae
i?aaeoniao?eaaaony 35335 oun. ?oaeae, a oii /enea ca n/ao n?aaenoa
e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa – 29500 oun. ?oaeae, ec eioi?uo n?aaenoaa a noiia
20335 oun.?oaeae aoaeoo iai?aaeaiu ia oeiaine?iaaiea ia?ii?eyoee ii
?acee/iui aeaeai nii?oa, aeeth/ay ianniaua ni?aaiiaaiey, iiauoaiea
ianoa?noaa nii?oniaiia, aeey o/anoey aaaeoueo nii?oniaiia e?ay ai
ana?inneeneeo e iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo ni?aaiiaaieyo .E?iia oiai, a athaeaeaoa
e?ay i?aaeoniio?aiu anneaiiaaiey a noiia 15000 oun ?oaeae ia
iiaeaea?aeeo aaaeoueo eiiaiae ianoa?ia ii oooaieo e oieeath n oaeaie,
o/anoaothueo a *aiieiiaoao ?innee n?aaee eiiaiae aunoae eeae.
Ia nioeeaeueioth iieeoeeo a 1999 aiaeo ii e?aaaiio athaeaeaoo
ieaie?oaony ec?anoiaeiaaoue 176646 oun. ?oaeae.
Ieaie?oaiua ?anoiaeu aeieaeiu iaania/eoue ooieoeeiie?iaaiea 10
o/?aaeaeaiee nioeeaeueiiai iaania/aiey ia 2495 iano, a /enei eioi?uo
aoiaeyo 3 aeiia-eioa?iaoa aeey i?anoa?aeuo e eiaaeeaeia ia 1115 iano, 5
ineoiiaa?ieiae/aneeo eioa?iaoia ia 1075 iano, 2 aeiia -eioa?iaoa
aeey iaeieaoieo eiaaeeaeia ia 305 iano. E?iia oiai ieaie?othony
?anoiaeu ia niaea?aeaiea aeaaiiai ath?i iaaeeei – nioeeaeueiie
yenia?oecu e oeaio?aeeciaaiiie aooaaeoa?ee. Anaai ia niaea?aeaiea
yoeo o/?aaeaeaiee a 1999 aiaeo ieaie?oaony ec?anoiaeiaaoue 57729 oun
?oaeae, /oi ia 50,2 i?ioeaioa aieueoa ec?anoiaeiaaiiuo n?aaenoa a 1997
aiaeo e ia 7,9 i?ioeaioa – ieaia 1998 aiaea Ia ioe?uoea e niaea?aeaiea
iiaie naoe nioeeaeueiuo o/?aaeaeaiee a athaeaeaoa 1999 aiaea
i?aaeoniao?eaaaony 23114 oun ?oaeae . Ca n/ao caaa?oaiey no?ieoaeuenoaa
niaeueiuo ei?ionia i?e Yeueaaineii ineoiiaa?ieiae/aneii eioa?iaoa
ieaie?oaony ioe?uoue 100 eiae, ia niaea?aeaiea eioi?uo iio?aaoaony 5000
oun ?oaeae. I?aaeoniao?eaaaony oaeaea ioe?uoea: a a. Oaaa?ianea Oeaio?a
ii nioeeaeueiiio ianeoaeeaaieth eeoe, iiiaaoeo a yeno?aiaeueioth
neooaoeeth (4000 oun ?oaeae); niaea?aeaiea aeiia-iaineiiaoa aaoa?aiia
aieiu e o?oaea a a.Oaaa?ianea ii oe. Iieona (750 oun ?oaeae); ?anoe?aiea
a niioaaonoaee n iinoaiiaeaieai aeaau aaeieieno?aoeee e?ay io 07.04.97
a. ? 135 naoe ath?i iaaeeei-nioeeaeueiie yenia?oecu (7700 oun ?oaeae),
niaea?aeaiea nioeeaeueiuo 47 eaa?oe? e 106 iano iauaai iieueciaaiey a
aeiia-iaineiiaoa aeey aaoa?aiia aieiu e o?oaea.
Ia nioeeaeueioth iiiiuue a 1999 aiaeo ieaie?oaony ec?anoiaeiaaoue 82313
oun ?oaeae. Yoi ?anoiaeu ia aanieaoiia i?ioace?iaaiea (4600 oun ?oaeae),
i?eia?aoaiea n?aaenoa ia?aaeaeaeaiey (4000 oun ?oaeae), ia eiiiainaoeeth
eiaaeeaeai ?an/aoia ca aaicei e oaoianeoaeeaaiea (3700 oun ?oaeae), ia
aae?aniua aeiieaou e iaineyi e (16200 oun. ?oaeae), ia
naiaoi?ii-eo?i?oioth iiiiuue e aeaiaaeioth eiiiainaoeeth ca iooaaee
(6000 oun. ?oaeae), ia iiniaea ia iia?aaaiea (1875 oun. ?oaeae), ia
iieaoo ?aaio au/eneeoaeueiiai oeaio?a ii iacia/aieth e auieaoa iainee e
iiniaee (4456 oun ?oaeae), ia ?aaeecaoeeth ia?ii?eyoee ,
i?aaeoniio?aiiuo i?ia?aiiie nioeeaeueiie caueou iaeieioueo.
Oaaeeoea 2.4.3
?ani?aaeaeaiea ?anoiaeia nioeeaeueiie iieeoeee ii aeaeai e
ia?ii?eyoeyi:
(oun.?oa.)
io/ao ca athaeaeao io/ao ca iaeeaeaai. i?iaiic
1997 aiae ia 1998 1-a iie-ea eniie-ea ia 1999
aiae 1998 aiaea 1998 aiae aiae
1
2 3 4 5 6
1.Nioeeaeueiua o/?aaeaeaiey(?.1801) – anaai
40473 53200 15878 46259 80843
a oii /enea:
ca?ieaoa n ia/eneaieyie
14795 15874 5980 15074 15074
i?eia?aoaiea iai?oaeiaaiey
506 4258 543 2043 4258
eaieoaeueiue ?aiiio
2729 2800 407 2800 2800
eaino?ieoaeuenoai
2050 0 0 0 0
inoaeueiua cao?aou
20393 30268 8948 26342 58711
ec ieo ?ano. ia niaea?ae.iiaie naoe
0 0 0 0 23114
2.Nioeeaeueiay iiiiuue(?.1802) – anaai
54192 116500 28020 80950 82313
a oii /enea:
– ?anoiaeu ia aanieaoiia i?ioa-
ce?iaaiea
1361 4600 135 4600 4600
– i?eia?aoaiea n?aaenoa ia?aae-
aeaeaiey
3689 4000 1105 2500 4000
– eiiiainaoeee eiaaeeaeai ca
aaicei e oaoianeoaeeaaiea
2918 3700 736 3700 3700
– aeiieaou e iaineyi
7842 17800 988 16915 16200
– naiaoi?ii-eo?i?oiay iiiiuue
e aeai. eiiiain. ca iooaaee
3922 6600 1726 5422 6000
– ?anoiaeu ia iia?aaaiea
857 – – 1875 1875
– ?anoiaeu au/eneeo. oeaio?a
2349 3000 2589 4456 4456
– ?anoiaeu ia auiieiaiea ia?i-
i?eyoee, i?aaeoniio?aiiuo
i?ia?aiiie nioeeaeueiie caue-
ou iaeieioueo
31253 76800 20741 41482 41482
3.Iieiaeaaeiay iieeoeea(?.1803) -anaai
3634 6400 1705 4428 10530
a oii /enea:
ca?ieaoa n ia/eneaieyie
781 1329 354 1329 1990
noeiaiaeee
241 248 66 247 247
4.I?i/ea o/?aaeaeaiey e ia?ii?eyoey ii
nioeeaeueiie iieeoeea (?.1804)
239 500 176 460 460
5.Iiniaey ia aeaoae (?.1807)
89836 103200 13699 103200 –
6.?anoiaeu ia i?aaiecaoeeth ia?ii?eyoee
a nayce n eciaiaieai ii?yaeea iacia/a-
iey e auieaou iiniaee
– 1600 1000 1600 –
7.Iiniaey naiueyi iiaeaoeo a Aoaaien-
oaia e *a/ia
– 500 – – 500
ANAAI
18374 281900 60478 236897 176646
a oii /enea:
ca?ieaoa n ia/eneaieyie
15576 17203 6334 16403 17064
noeiaiaeee
241 248 66 247 247
?anoiaeu ia nioeeaeueioth iiiiuue i?aaeoniio?aiu ia 51,9 i?ioeaioa
aieueoa oaeoe/aneeo ?anoiaeia 1997 aiaea e ia 29,4 i?ioeaioa iaiueoa
athaeaeaoa 1998 aiaea. A nayce ni neiaeiie neooaoeeae, o?oaeiinoyie ii
eniieiaieth athaeaeaoia anao o?iaiae,. ionoonoaeai oeiaine?iaaiey ec
oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa, aaeieieno?aoeeae e?ay ?aoaii n 1 yiaa?y 1999
aiaea ieacuaaoue aeeooa?aioee?iaaiioth aae?anioth iiiiuue a oneoa a
ia?aii/a?aaeiii ii?yaeea iao?oaeiniiniaiui a?aaeaeaiai e
iaeiiaania/aiiui n aeaoueie n o/aoii niaieoiiiai aeioiaea cayaeoaey, ia
i?aauoathuaai 50 i?ioeaioia i?iaeeoi/iiai ieieioia, onoaiiaeaiiiai a
Oaaa?ianeii e?aa, /oi ia?ii?eyoey ii nioeeaeueiie i?ia?aiia (io/ao ca
1997 – ia 1999 aiae – 41482 oun. ?oaeae). Ieaie?othony ?anoiaeu ia
niaea?aeaiea iauanoaaiiuo i?aaiecaoeee (e?aaaia iauanoai AIE – 160,
e?aaaie Niaao aaoa?aiia aieiu e o?oaea – 300 oun. ?oaeae). A
niioaaonoaee n iinoaiiaeaieai I?aaeoaeuenoaa ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee
io 28.08.97 a. ? 1089 n 1 yiaa?y 1998 aiaea eciaiai ii?yaeie iacia/aiey
e auieaou aaeaiany/iuo iiniaee ia ?aaaiea a ioiioaiee a?aaeaeai,
iieo/aaoeo iiniaea ii ianoo ?aaiou eee o/aau. Iacia/aiea e auieaoa
iiniaee ia aeaoae anai eaoaai?eyi a?aaeaeai i?iecaiaeeony a i?aaiao
nioeeaeueiie caueou ianaeaiey. ?anoiaeu ia auieaoo iiniaee
i?aaeoniao?eaatho a athaeaeaoao nioeeaeueiie caueou ianaeaiey. ?anoiaeu
ia auieaoo iiniaee i?aaeoniao?eaatho a athaeaeaoao ioieoeeiaeueiuo
ia?aciaaiee. A e?aaaii athaeaeaoa ia 1999 aiae yoe ?anoiaeu ia
ieaie?othony.
Ia ia?ii?eyoey ii iieiaeaaeiie iieeoeea ia 1999 aiae i?aaeoniao?eaaaony
11510 oun .?oaeae, a oii /enea a i?iaeoa e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa-10530 oun
?oaeae. Yoi iicaieeo inooanoaeyoue oeiaine?iaaiea iniiaiuo iai?aaeaiee
ainoaea?noaaiiie iieiaeaaeiie iieeoeee a Oaaa?ianeii e?aa, eioi?uie
yaeythony: ?acaeoea nenoaiu nioeeaeueiiai ainieoaiey iieiaeaaee e naoe
iieiaeaaeiuo iaaeeei- iaaeaaiae/aneeo neoaea, nicaeaiea oneiaee aeey
?aoaiey aii?inia caiyoinoe iieiaeaaee e ?acaeoey iieiaeaaeiiai
i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa, niaeaenoaea ?acaeoeth iieiaeaaeiiai aeaeaeaiey a
e?aa, i?aaiecaoeey ?aaiou n iieiaeaaeueth ii ianoo aeeoaeuenoaa
a?aaeaeai. A 1999 aiaeo aoaeao i?iaeieaeaoueny oi?ie?iaaiea
iaoa?eaeueiie aacu e inouanoaeyoueny oaeouaa niaea?aeaiea oeaio?a
?aaaeeeoaoeee iiae?inoeia a n. Ie/o?eineia. A athaeaeaoa ia 1999 aiae
i?aaeoniio?aiu n?aaenoaa ia nicaeaiea oeaio?a oo?ecia e ioaeuoa aeaoae
ia aaca eiouanoaaiiiai eiiieaena aeaoneiai icaei?iaeoaeueiiai oeaio?a
ei.TH.Aaaa?eia (Ia?ayneaaea-2, ?-i ei. Eaci).
Caeiiii Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay io 27.04.98 iiia? 105 “I athaeaeaoiie nenoaia
Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay ia 1998 aiae” ?anoiaeu ia niaea?aeaiea e?aaauo
i?aaiia ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe e oi?aaeaiey ooaa?aeaeaiu a ?acia?a
137658 oun ?oa., a oii /enea caeiiiaeaoaeueiie aeanoe 14158 oun ?oa.,
eniieieoaeueiie (aeeth/ay oeiainiaue aeaia?oaiaio) 121400, niaea?aeaiea
aina?oeaa – 2100 oun ?oa.
Oaeoe/aneia eniieiaiea oeacaiiuo ?anoiaeia ca 1 iieoaiaeea 1998
aiaea ninoaaeei 42506 oun ?oa., a oii /enea niaea?aeaiea
caeiiiaeaoaeueiie aeanoe 3137 oun ?oa.(e?iia oiai e?aaeeoi?neay
caaeieaeaiiinoue 772 oun ?oa.), eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe 38870 oun
?oa.(e?aaeeoi?neay caaeieaeaiiinoue 13184 oun ?oa.), niaea?aeaiea
aina?oeaa 499 oun ?oa. (e?aaeeoi?neay caaeieaeaiiinoue 272 oun ?oa.)
Iinoaiiaeaieai Aeaau aaeieieno?aoeee io 13.08.98 iiia? 318 “I
oiaea auiieiaiey athaeaeaoa e?ay a ia?aii iieoaiaeee 1998 aiaea e i
caaea/ao ii eniieiaieth athaeaeaoa e?ay ai aoi?ii iieoaiaeee 1998
aiaea ” i?aaeoniio?aii nie?auaiea aaeaioiuo aeieaeiinoae e nie?auaiea
?anoiaeia ia niaea?aeaiea aiia?aoa oi?aaeaiey no?oeoo?iuo
iiae?acaeaeaiee aaeieieno?aoeee e?ay ia 10 i?ioeaioia.
N o/aoii auiieiaiey oeacaiiiai iinoaiiaeaiey iaeeaeaaiia eniieiaiea
?anoiaeia e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa a 1998 aiaeo ii i?aaiai aeanoe e
oi?aaeaiey ninoaaeo 126827 oun ?oa., a oii /enea ia niaea?aeaiea
caeiiiaeaoaeueiie aeanoe 12742 oun ?oa., eniieieoaeueiie ( n o/aoii
oeiainiaiai aeaia?oaiaioa) 112264 oun ?oa., niaea?aeaiea aina?oeaa 1821
oun ?oa.
?anoiaeu ia niaea?aeaiea e?aaauo i?aaiia aeanoe e oi?aaeaiey ia
1999 aiae ii?aaeaeaiu a ?acia?a 156097 oun ?oa. Niaea?aeaiea
Caeiiiaeaoaeueiie Aeoiu a 1999 aiaeo i?aaeoniio?aii a ?acia?a 15921
oun ?oa., a oii /enea ?anoiaeu ia iieaoo o?oaea n ia/eneaieyie a ?acia?a
9256 oun ?oa. a ?an/aoa ia aiae enoiaey ec aeieaeiinoiuo ieeaaeia,
onoaiiaeaiiuo a niioaaonoaee n Caeiiii Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay io 04.06.98
iiia? 26 “I aianaiee eciaiaiee a Caeii Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay “I aaaaeaiee
a aeaenoaea /anoe ia?aie Eiaeaena Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay i ainoaea?noaaiiie e
ioieoeeiaeueiie neoaeaa e /anoue ia?aoth Eiaeaena Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay i
ainoaea?noaaiiie e ioieoeeiaeueiie neoaeaa”.
Ii i?aaiai eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe ?anoiaeu ia niaea?aeaiea a
1999 aiaeo i?aaeoniio?aiu a ?acia?a 138419 oun ?oa.( n o/aoii
oeiainiaiai aeaia?oaiaioa – 7129 oun ?oa.) I?e ?an/aoa ?anoiaeia ia
niaea?aeaiea e?aaauo i?aaiia eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe ia 1999 aiae
i?aaeoniio?aii auiieiaiea iinoaiiaeaiey aeaau aaeieieno?aoeee io
02.09.98 iiia? 346 “I i?ia?aiia icaei?iaeaiey ainoaea?noaaiiuo
oeiainia e yeiiiiee ainoaea?noaaiiuo ?anoiaeia” a /anoe nie?auaiey
/eneaiiinoe aiia?aoa oi?aaeaiey ia 20 i?ioeaioia. Ia 1 naioya?y 1998
aiaea /eneaiiinoue ?aaioathueo a e?aaauo i?aaiao eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe
aianoa n oeiainiaui aeaia?oaiaioii ninoaaeyao 1400 aaeeieoe. N 1 yiaa?y
1999 aiaea iiaeeaaeeo nie?auaieth 207 aaeeieoe.
?anoiaeu ia iieaoo o?oaea n ia/eneaieyie ii i?aaiai
eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe ia 1999 aiae ii?aaeaeaiu a ?acia?a 101598 oun
?oa., ec ieo ia niaea?aeaiea nie?auaaiie /eneaiiinoe 16177 oun ?oa. n
o/aoii noaoae 25 e 26 /anoe ia?aie Eiaeaena Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay i
ainoaea?noaaiiie e ioieoeeiaeueiie neoaeaa io 30.07.97 iiia? 34.
?anoiaeu ia niaea?aeaiea ainoaea?noaaiiiai a?oeaa ia 1999
aiae ii?aaeaeaiu a ?acia?a 1757 oun ?oa., ec ieo iieaoa o?oaea n
ia/eneaieyie 1225 oun ?oa. (o/oaii nie?auaiea 7 ooaoiuo aaeeieoe n 1
yiaa?y 1999 aiaea).
Ia 1999 aiae ?anoiaeu ia niaea?aeaiea 11 iioa?eaeueiuo eiioi?
n /eneaiiinoueth ?aaioathueo 17 aaeeieoe i?aaeoniio?aiu a i?aaeaeao
iaeeaeaaiiai eo eniieiaiey a 1998 aiaeo.
?anoiaeu ia i?iaaaeaiea auai?ia e ?aoa?aiaeoiia ia 1999 aiae
i?aaeoniio?aiu a ?acia?a 1078 oun ?oa. ii i?aaeeiaeaieth ecae?aoaeueiie
eiiennee a nayce n aiciiaeiui ia?aeca?aieai aeaiooaoa a
Caeiiiaeaoaeueioth Aeoio. E?iia oiai ia iaania/aiea aeayoaeueiinoe
ecae?aoaeueiie eiiennee i?aaeoniio?aiu ?anoiaeu a ?acia?a 791 oun ?oa.
Oiiae ca?aaioiie ieaou ?aaioieeai i?aaiio?aieoaeueiuo i?aaiia ii?aaeaeai
enoiaey ec aeaenoaothuae nenoaiu iieaou o?oaea nio?oaeieeai IAAe,
ooaa?aeaeaiiiai i?aaeoaeuenoaii ?innee. I?e ?an/aoa oiiaea ca?aaioiie
ieaou ia 1999 aiae o/oaii nie?auaiea /eneaiiinoe nio?oaeieeia
i?aaiio?aieoaeueiuo i?aaiia ia 677 aaeeieoe, niaeanii iinoaiiaeaiey
Aeaau aaeieieno?aoeee e?ay io 02.09.98 a ? 346 “I i?ia?aiia
icaei?iaeaiey ainoaea?noaaiiuo oeiainia e yeiiiiee ainoaea?noaaiiuo
?anoiaeia”. A nayce n nicaeaieai iiaea?iuo /anoae a i.i. Iooai, Neoa,
Oi? e Eeoiaea ooi/iai oiiae ca?aaioiie ieaou OAIN OAAe e?ay ia noiio
1032 oun ?oaeae aeey niaea?aeaiey aeiiieieoaeueiie /eneaiiinoe
iiaea?ieeia a eiee/anoaa 95 aaeeieoe.
I?iaeoeou ieoaiey ii?aaeaeaiu ec ?an/aoa 15 ?oaeae 33 eiiaeee a aeaiue
ia iaeiiai ?aaioieea i?aaiia aioo?aiieo aeae. Aauaaia eiouanoai
?ann/eoaii ec aiaeiaie iio?aaiinoe a iaioiaee?iaaiee ?yaeiaiai e
ioeoea?neiai ninoaaa ii ii?iai ooaa?aeaeaiiui IAAe ?innee.
Naiaoi?ii-eo?i?oiia ea/aiea, iieaoa i?iacaea a ioione nio?oaeieeia
i?aaiio?aieoaeueiuo i?aaiia e /eaiia eo naiae ii?aaeaeaiu aeaenoaothueie
iieiaeaieyie ooaa?aeaeaiiuie i?aaeoaeuenoaii ?innee.
Inoaeueiua ?anoiaeu, eae i?eia?aoaiea i?aaeiaoia niaaaeaiey, iieaoa
eiiioiaeueiuo oneoa e ae?oaea ?anoiaeu ?ann/eoaiu ia iniiaa oaeoe/aneeo
cao?ao 1997 aiaea.
Aeaaa 3. Iooe niaa?oainoaiaaiey athaeaeaoiiai i?ioeanna
3.1 Acaeiiioiioaiey oaaea?aeueiiai, ?aaeiiaeueiuo e ianoiuo athaeaeaoia
ia iniiaa athaeaeaoiiai e iaeiaiaiai eiaeaenia
Iaeei ec iaeaieaa nouanoaaiiuo iaaeinoaoeia nia?aiaiiie athaeaeaoiie
iieeoeee a ?innee ninoieo a oii, /oi ia i?i?aaioaiu naie i?eioeeiu
oi?ie?iaaiey oeiainiaie no?aoaaee, iicaieythuea eiae/anee iainiiaaoue
?aoeeiiaeueiue eiii?iienn yeiiiie/aneeo eioa?ania ainoaea?noaa,
ianaeaiey e i?aaei?eieiaoaeae. N o/aoii aeaiiiai ianoiyoaeuenoaa
iniiaiua i?iaiiciua ia?aiao?u athaeaeaoa ia i?aaenoiyuee oeiainiaue aiae
ioaeaeathony a ouaoaeueiii aiaeeca – eae n oi/ee c?aiey ?aaeenoe/iinoe;
noaaeaiiuo oeaeae, oae e n iiceoeee iainiiaaiiinoe aeinoaoi/iinoe
n?aaenoa aeey eo aeinoeaeaiey.
N ia?aciaaieai a 1991 a. naiinoiyoaeueiiai noaa?aiiiai ?inneeneiai
ainoaea?noaa ia/aeny i?ioeann iinoaiaiiiai no?ieoaeuenoaa athaeaeaoiie
nenoaiu ?O ia eiuo, /ai i?aaeaea, oaaea?aoeaiuo aeaiie?aoe/aneeo
ia/aeao, a niioaaonoaaiii aio – e i?ioeann noaiiaeaiey athaeaeaoiiai
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa iiaie ?innee. Ia?aui oaaii ia yoii iooe,
caoeene?iaaiiii nia/aea a ?inneeneii Caeiia “Ia iniiaao athaeaeaoiiai
ono?ienoaa e athaeaeaoiiai i?ioeanna a ?NON?” (ieoya?ue 1991 a.), a
caoai – a Eiinoeoooeee ?O, i?eiyoie a aeaeaa?a 1993 a., auei /aoeia
auaeaeaiea o?ao ea/anoaaiii iiauo caaiueaa a ninoaaa athaeaeaoiie
nenoaiu ?innee. Aa?oiaa caaii i?aaenoaaeaii oaaea?aeueiui athaeaeaoii
?O, n?aaeiaa – ?aaeiiaeueiuie athaeaeaoaie noauaeoia ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee, ieciaia – ianoiuie athaeaeaoaie.
Iineieueeo noauaeou ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee eiatho ?aciue
ainoaea?noaaiii-i?aaiaie noaoon (?anioaeeee a ninoaaa ?innee, e?ay,
iaeanoe, aaoiiiiiay iaeanoue, aaoiiiiiua ie?oaa e ai?iaea oaaea?aeueiiai
cia/aiey), n?aaeiaa caaii athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu ?O i?aaenoaaeaii iyoueth
?acee/iuie aeaeaie ?aaeiiaeueiuo athaeaeaoia. Yoi: ?anioaeeeaineea
athaeaeaou ?anioaeee a ninoaaa ?O, e?aaaua athaeaeaou, iaeanoiua
athaeaeaou (aeeth/ay e iaeanoiie athaeaeao aaoiiiiiie iaeanoe),
ie?oaeiua athaeaeaou aaoiiiiiuo ie?oaia, ai?iaeneea athaeaeaou aeaoo
ai?iaeia oaaea?aeueiiai cia/aiey – Iineau e Naieo-Iaoa?ao?aa.
Ieciaia caaii athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu oiaea i?aaenoaaeaii ?aciuie aeaeaie
athaeaeaoia. A caaeneiinoe io aeaeia ioieoeeiaeueiuo ia?aciaaiee, ia
oa??eoi?ee eioi?uo iie ooieoeeiie?otho, auaeaeythony naiae
/eneaiiinoueth naeueneea, iinaeeiaua, ai?iaeneea e ?aeiiiua athaeaeaou.
Iaeiaei n?aaee ianoiuo athaeaeaoia iiaoo auoue e ae?oaea eo aeaeu,
iai?eia?, athaeaeaou cae?uouo aaeieieno?aoeaii-oa??eoi?eaeueiuo
ia?aciaaiee.
Aoi?ie oaa ia iooe iino?iaiey athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu ?O caeeth/aeny a
oii, /oi auea i?aaei?eiyoa iiiuoea ii?aaeaeeoue i?eioeeiu athaeaeaoiiai
ono?ienoaa iiaie, aeaiie?aoe/aneie ?innee. E oioy ia ai anai yoo iiiuoeo
iiaeii i?eciaoue oaeaaoaeny, oai ia iaiaa ii?aaeaeaiiue ?acoeueoao
iaeeoei. Oaea a Caeiia “Ia iniiaao athaeaeaoiiai ono?ienoaa e
athaeaeaoiiai i?ioeanna a ?NON?” (ieoya?ue 1991 a.) aue caoeene?iaai
oaeie aaaeiue i?eioeei, eae naiinoiyoaeueiinoue eaaeaeiai athaeaeaoa a
ninoaaa athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu ?innee. I?aaaea, a iacaaiiii i?aaiaii aeoa
yoio i?eioeei aue au?aaeai aeiaieueii aii?oii, eai ia auee yniu a?aieoeu
athaeaeaoiie naiinoiyoaeueiinoe i?aaia aeanoe eaaeaeiai o?iaiy, iaoaieci
aa i?aeoe/aneie ?aaeecaoeee, ia?u ioaaonoaaiiinoe ca ia?ooaiea aeaiiiai
i?eioeeia, e o.ae. Naiia aea aieueoia oiouaiea athaeaeaoiiai
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa ?innee ia?eiaea 1991-1993 aa. ninoiyei a oii, /oi a
iai ia iaoee io?aaeaiey eiie?aoiua i?eioeeiu athaeaeaoiiai oaaea?aeecia,
eioi?ua neaaeiaaei ?aaeueii aiieioeoue a athaeaeaoiii ono?ienoaa no?aiu.
Iineieueeo nia?aiaiiay athaeaeaoiay nenoaia ?O io?aaeaao iniaaiiinoe
ia?aoiaeiiai ia?eiaea, a iae iiea /oi ano?a/athony iaeioi?ua aoaaeciu.
Oae, ia o?aaoee?iaaiu acaeiiioiioaiey iaaeaeo athaeaeaoaie oao noauaeoia
Oaaea?aoeee, eioi?ua i?aaenoaaeaiu ?aciuie aeaeaie oa??eoi?eaeueiuo
ia?aciaaiee – iaeanoyie e aoiaeyueie a ieo aaoiiiiiuie ie?oaaie. Ia
o?iaia ianoiuo athaeaeaoia aua nio?aiyaony ecaanoiay ea?a?oey iaaeaeo
?aciuie eo aeaeaie, i?eaiaeyuay e oiio, /oi ai?iaeneea, naeueneea e
iinaeeiaua athaeaeaou acaeiiaeaenoaotho iiae/an n ?aeiiiuie, a ia n
?aaeiiaeueiuie athaeaeaoaie. Iaaeaeo oai a oaaea?aeueiii Caeiia “Ia
iaueo i?eioeeiao i?aaiecaoeee ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey a ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee” i?yii caoeene?iaaii iieiaeaiea, /oi “iiae/eiaiiinoue
iaeiiai ioieoeeiaeueiiai ia?aciaaiey ae?oaiio ia aeiioneaaony”, a
neaaeiaaoaeueii, athaeaeaou anao ioieoeeiaeueiuo ia?aciaaiee aeieaeiu
eiaoue ?aaiue i?aaiaie noaoon. E oio oaeo, /oi ?aaainoai athaeaeaoiiai
noaoona ethaiai ioieoeeiaeueiiai ia?aciaaiey iiea ia aeinoeaiooi,
naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i aeaeaei ia i?inoii i?ioeanna athaeaeaoiuo
i?aia?aciaaiee, eioi?ue aeieaeai caaa?oeoueny iino?iaieai athaeaeaoiie
nenoaiu no?aiu ia iiaeeeiii aeaiie?aoe/aneeo ia/aeao.
O?aoee oaa a iino?iaiee iiaie athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu ?inney naeaeaea a
1992 a., eiaaea ia/aeny i?ioeann ?aca?aie/aiey aeioiaeiuo enoi/ieeia
iaaeaeo caaiueyie athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu acaiai ?aiaa i?eiaiyaoaainy
iaoiaea ?ani?aaeaeaiey aeioiaeia, i?eiaiyaoaainy n oeaeueth
naaeaine?iaaiey eaaeaeiai athaeaeaoa.
I?ioeann ?aca?aie/aiey aeioiaeiuo enoi/ieeia iaaeaeo athaeaeaoaie
naaiaeiy aua iaeuecy i?eciaoue iieiinoueth ?aaeeciaaiiui, ii eia-/oi ia
yoii iooe oaea naeaeaii. Oae, a Caeiia “Ia iniiaao iaeiaiaie nenoaiu a
?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee”, i?eiyoii a aeaeaa?a 1991 a., i?iaaaeaii
aeaeaiea anao iaeiaia, aceiaaiuo ia oa??eoi?ee ?O, ia o?e aeaea –
oaaea?aeueiua, ?aaeiiaeueiua (o.a. iaeiae noauaeoia ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee) e ianoiua. N 1994 a. iaaethaeaaony oaiaeaioeey ana
aieueoaai ?aca?aie/aiey aeioiaeiuo enoi/ieeia iaaeaeo caaiueyie
athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu ia iniiaa ?acaeaeaiey iaeiaiauo noaaie ia aeiee
(eaiou), a niioaaonoaee n eioi?uie ii?aaeaeaiiua ia eo iniiaa noiiu
iaeiaiauo ieaoaaeae iinooiatho a oi eee eiia caaii athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu.
Eaioe?iaaiea eniieuecoaony iuia i?e ?acaeaeaiee noaaie ii oaeei aeaeai
ieaoaaeae, eae iaeia ia i?eaueue, caiaeueiue iaeia, aeoeecu ia iaeioi?ua
aeaeu oiaa?ia e ae?.
E niaeaeaieth, yoio iaoiae i?eiaiyaony a iniiaiii ia oaaea?aeueiii
o?iaia i?e ?aca?aie/aiee aeioiaeia iaaeaeo oaaea?aeueiui e
?aaeiiaeueiuie athaeaeaoaie. Oioy, a /anoiinoe, ii caiaeueiiio iaeiao
i?aaeoniio?aiu eaiou aeey athaeaeaoia anao o?ao o?iaiae. Ia iao acaeyae,
iaiaoiaeeii oe?a eniieueciaaoue iaoiae eaioe?iaaiey iaeiaiauo noaaie i?e
?aca?aie/aiee aeioiaeia iaaeaeo ?aaeiiaeueiuie e ianoiuie athaeaeaoaie,
iineieueeo ii iicaieyao iieiaa ?aaeeciaaoue i?eioeei naiinoiyoaeueiinoe
athaeaeaoia i?e iino?iaiee athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee.
Aua iaeiei aaaeiui oaaii ia iooe noaiiaeaiey nia?aiaiiie athaeaeaoiie
nenoaiu ?innee noaei aaaaeaiea a niioaaonoaee n Oeacii I?aceaeaioa
o?ainoa?oia – iiaie oi?iu iaaeathaeaeaoiiai ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiey n?aaenoa
ia oaaea?aeueiii o?iaia. Eniieueciaaiea o?ainoa?oia ni II eaa?oaea 1994
a. iicaieeei aiaae?eoue a i?aeoeeo athaeaeaoiiai ?aaoee?iaaiey
ii?iaoeaii-aeieaaua aeioaoeee, ?ann/eouaaaiua ia iniiaa oi?ioeu,
niaeanoaiie n noauaeoaie Oaaea?aoeee.
Aeey i?iaeieaeaiey athaeaeaoiuo i?aia?aciaaiee naaiaeiy iaiaoiaeeiu
aeiiieieoaeueiua ia?u, eioi?ua iicaieeee au iino?ieoue athaeaeaoioth
nenoaio, aaeaeaaoioth caaea/ai aeaiie?aoecaoeee ?inneeneiai iauanoaa e
iino?iaiey nioeeaeueii-i?eaioe?iaaiiie yeiiiieee. Ii aeey yoiai
o?aaoaony nicaeaoue niioaaonoaothuoth ii?iaoeaii-i?aaiaoth aaco a aeaea
iiaiai athaeaeaoiiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa, nouanoaaiii ioee/athuaainy io
iuia aeaenoaothuaai. Aaaeue iuiaoiaa caeiiiaeaoaeuenoai oi?ie?iaaeinue a
ia?eiae inouanoaeaiey ?inneae naieo ia?auo naiinoiyoaeueiuo oaaia ii
iooe iino?iaiey iiaie ainoaea?noaaiiinoe, a iioiio a iai iiiai
onoa?aaoaai.
Aeoiaaony, /oi naaiaeiy nooue athaeaeaoa, iaoiaeyuaainy a
?anii?yaeaiee oaaea?aeueiiai oeaio?a, aieaa /aoei io?aaeaia iiiyoeai
“oaaea?aeueiue”, a ia ainoaea?noaaiiue athaeaeao, iineieueeo athaeaeao
ethaiai noauaeoa Oaaea?aoeee – oiaea ainoaea?noaaiiue niaeanii i?aaiaiio
noaoono naiiai noauaeoa. I?aaaea, caeanue neaaeoao iaycaoaeueii
caiaoeoue, /oi iuiaoiea noauaeou ?O aeaeaei ia ana niioaaonoaotho
noaoono ainoaea?noaaiiuo oi?ie?iaaiee, a iioiio i?ioeann eo noaiiaeaiey
aua aia?aaee.
Iaeiie ec naiuo ino?uo e neiaeiuo i?iaeai, aeaeoueo naiaai nei?aeoaai
?aoaiey, yaeyaony oi?ioee?iaaiea i?eioeeiia, eioi?ua aeieaeiu auoue
iieiaeaiu a iniiao iino?iaiey nia?aiaiiie athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu ?O.
Naaiaeiy anai aaniethoii ynii, /oi i?aaeiea i?eioeeiu, ii?aaeaeyaoea
ooieoeeiie?iaaiea athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu ?innee a aei?aoi?iaiiia a?aiy,
aaciaaeaaeii onoa?aee e aeieaeiu auoue caiaiaiu. Aii?in eeoue a oii,
eaeie aeieaeia auoue yoa caiaia, eaeea i?eioeeiu aeieaeiu ii?aaeaeyoue
iino?iaiea athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu, /oiau iia iiaea aaeaeaaoii ioaa/aoue
caaea/ai aeaiie?aoecaoeee iauanoaa e iino?iaiey
nioeeaeueii-i?eaioe?iaaiiie yeiiiieee.
Iaaeathaeaeaoiua ioiioaiey “aeiia?ano?ia/iiai” ia?eiaea niioaaonoaiaaee
iaeeeo ?inneeneie yeiiiieee – ana caaenaei io “ oeaio?a” e
?ani?aaeaeyeinue naa?oo aeiieco. Naiaeiue, eiinieeaee?iaaiiue athaeaeao
no?aiu aeeth/ae a naay athaeaeaou ?anioaeee, e?aaa, iaeanoae. Yoa
i?aainoaaiiinoue nio?aiaia e aei ianoiyuaai a?aiaie. Ioiineoaeueii
noaaeeueiay yeiiiieea iicaieyea ieaie?iaaoue e ooaa?aeaeaoue athaeaeao
aei ianooieaiey ieaie?oaiiai aiaea, a oaeoe/aneia eniieiaiea aeioiaeia
e ?anoiaeia auei aeecei e ieaie?oaiui caaeaieyi. Nouanoaiaaea
a?iiaaeiay oeaio?aeecaoeey oeiainiauo ?ano?nia a ?anioaeeeaineii
athaeaeaoa. A nayce n yoei a ?anoiaeao ?anioaeeeaineiai athaeaeaoa
i?aaeoniao?eaaeenue cao?aou ia eaieoaeueiua aeiaeaiey ii
?anioaeeeaineei i?ia?aiiai. Aieueoie iauai no?ieoaeuenoaa a ?aaeiiao
inouanoaeyeny ca n/ao n?aaenoa ?anioaeeeaineiai athaeaeaoa. Iieacaoaee
?aaeiiaeueiuo athaeaeaoia niaeaniauaaeenue a ieienoa?noaa oeiainia
?anioaeeee ia iniiaa iainiiaaiiuo ?an/aoia e i?aeoe/anee iieiinoueth
cae?uaaee iio?aaiinoue a oeiainiauo ?ano?nao.
N ia/aea inouanoaeaiey ?aoi?i e ia?ano?ieee, e?ecenii a noa?a
i?iecaiaenoaa, iaaeathaeaoiua ioiioaiey, i?iaeieaeay inoaaaoueny
i?aaeieie, ia?anoaee niioaaonoaiaaoue o?aaiaaieyi ?aaeueiinoe. Ec-ca
?aceiai nie?auaiey iaeiaiauo aeioiaeia e eioeyoeeiiiiai ?inoa
?anoiaeia, noaee iaoi?aaeyaiuie oeiainiaua iioiee e eae neaaenoaea
yoiai iio?aaiaaeenue eciaiaiey a iaaeathaeaeaoiuo ioiioaieyo.
N 1994 a. aaaaeai iiaue iaoaieci ?aaoee?iaaiey iaaeathaeaeaoiuo
acaeiiioiioaiee iaaeaeo o?iaiyie athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu. N 1994 aiaea
?an/aou acaeiiioiioaiee oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa n athaeaeaoaie
noauaeoia ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee no?ieeenue ia iniiaa i?eioeeieaeueii
iiaiai iiaeoiaea e ia?a?ani?aaeaeaieth /anoe iinooiathueo a
oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao aeioiaeia /a?ac niaoeeaeueii nicaeaiiue oeaeaaie
Oiiae oeiainiaie iiaeaea?aeee ?aaeiiia, oi?ie?iaaiea e eniieueciaaiea
eioi?iai inouanoaeyeinue ii aaeeiie iaeeiaeiaie aeey anao ?aaeiiia
iaoiaeieiaee.
Aaaaeaiea iiaiai iaoaiecia iaaeathaeaeaoiuo ioiioaiee i?aaeiieaaaei
i?aaeaea anaai ?aoaiea caaea/e ono?aiaiey noauaeoeaiiai iiaeoiaea e
oi?ie?iaaieth oa??eoi?eaeueiuo athaeaeaoia, nie?auaiea ianooaaia
ia?a?ani?aaeaeeoaeueiuo ioiioaiee iaaeaeo athaeaeaoaie ?acee/iuo
o?iaiae, eneeth/aiea iaiaoiaeeiinoe a iinoiyiiuo niaeaniaaieyo
iieacaoaeae athaeaeaoiiai ?aaoee?iaaiey, a oaeaea nicaeaiea oneiaee aeey
iinoaiaiiiai au?aaieaaiey o?iaiae nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneiai ?acaeoey
noauaeoia Oaaea?aoeee.
Eoiae 1998 a. iieacuaatho, /oi ieiei iieiaeiu oeiainiauo ?ano?nia
eiinieeaee?iaaiiiai athaeaeaoa ainoaea?noaa a ianoiyuaa a?aiy
nin?aaeioi/aiu ia o?iaia oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa, ieiei iaeiie o?aoe –
ia o?iaia noauaeoia oaaea?aoeee, e eeoue ieiei iaeiie iyoie ia o?iaia
ianoiuo e ioieoeeiaeueiuo athaeaeaoia.
Iniiaiua iai?aaeaiey aoaeouae athaeaeaoiie e iaeiaiaie iieeoeee iaoee
io?aaeaiea a Athaeaeaoiii e Iaeiaiaii eiaeaenia, a iaeiaiauo
caeiiii?iaeoao, aianaiiuo a Ainoaea?noaaiioth Aeoio I?aaeoaeuenoaii
?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee, a oaaea?aeueiii caeiia “I oaaea?aeueiii
athaeaeaoa ia 1999 aiae”.
Iaeioi?ua ec yoeo iai?aaeaiee oooaeoatho oeiainiaia iieiaeaiea ia
oieueei ioieoeeiaeueiuo ia?aciaaiee, ii e noauaeoia ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee. Oae, a i?ioeanna ?aaiou iaae Athaeaeaoiui eiaeaenii ec iaai
eneeth/ai ia?a/aiue iaeiaia e eo cae?aieaiea ca athaeaeaoaie
ii?aaeaeaiiiai o?iaiy, a oaeaea eiie?aoiua ii?iaoeau io/eneaiee e noaaee
ii iaeiaai (ia?aianaii a caeii i oaaea?aeueiii athaeaeaoa). Oaeei
ia?acii, iniiaiay caaea/a Athaeaeaoiiai eiaeaena – onoaiiaeaiea
enoi/ieeia aeioiaeia, a oii /enea iaeiaiauo aeioiaeia, aeey athaeaeaoia
anao o?iaiae, aeeth/ay ianoiua athaeaeaou – a iai ia ?aoaaony.
Niaeanii aeaoeieoeeyi, niaea?aeaueiny a yioeeeeiiaaee/aneeo ecaeaieyo,
ia noaoon eiaeaena iiaeao i?aoaiaeiaaoue i?aaiaie aeieoiaio, eioi?ue: a)
eeai caiaiyao niaith ana ii?iaoeaiua aeou, ?aiaa aeaenoaiaaaoea a
niioaaonoaothuae iaeanoe iauanoaaiiuo ioiioaiee, a) eeai niaea?aeeo
ii?iu i?aaa, ninoaaeythuea oeaeoth io?aneue i?aaa (iai?eia?,
A?aaeaeaineee eiaeaen, Oaieiaiue eiaeaen e o.ae.). E niaeaeaieth, eiaoue
naaiaeiy oaeie aeieoiaio a iaeanoe athaeaeaoiuo ioiioaiee ia
i?aaenoaaeyaony aiciiaeiui, iineieueeo aua ia nicaeaiu aaciaua caeiiu,
ia niaio eioi?ui a ?acoeueoaoa iaiauaiey i?aeoeee eo eniieueciaaiey e
aeieaeai i?eeoe Athaeaeaoiue eiaeaen. Iiiuoea nicaeaoue ii/oe ia ionoii
i?aaiaii iiea n?aco Athaeaeaoiue eiaeaen, ioaa/athuee nia?aiaiiui
o?aaiaaieyi, iainouanoaeia. ?aaioa iaae Iaeiaiaui eiaeaenii iieacaea yoi
eae iaeuecy eo/oa. Nouanoaotho iauaeoeaii iaoneiaeaiiua yoaiu ?ac?aaioee
eiaeaena, ia?anei/eoue eioi?ua aua ieeiaaea e ieeiio ia oaeaaaeinue.
Iaiaoiaeeii i?eiyoue oeaeue ?yae caeiiiaeaoaeueiuo aeoia, ioaa/athueo
iuiaoiei ?inneeneei oneiaeyi, ai?iae?iaaoue eo ?aaeueiie athaeaeaoiie
i?aeoeeie, a oae caoai oi?ne?iaaoue ?aaioo iaae Athaeaeaoiui eiaeaenii
no?aiu. Eiia/ii, yoa iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue yoaiia ioithaeue ia
eneeth/aao iaiaoiaeeiinoe oaea naaiaeiy nicaeaaaoue niioaaonoaothuea
ia?aaioee a iaeanoe aoaeouaai Athaeaeaoiiai eiaeaena.
Athaeaeaoiue eiaeaen iaiaoiaeeii i?eaanoe a niioaaonoaea n
Oaaea?aeueiui caeiiii “I oeiainiauo iniiaao ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey a
?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee” ia iniiaaiee no. 17 “ I?eaaaeaiea ii?iaoeaiuo
i?aaiauo aeoia a niioaaonoaee n ianoiyuei Oaaea?aeueiui caeiiii”, a
oaeaea a nayce n oai, /oi Athaeaeaoiue eiaeaen aeieaeai auoue iniiaiui
eiaeeoeeaoeeiiiui i?aaiaui aeoii, eiioeaio?e?othuei a naaa ana
aeaenoaothuaa athaeaeaoiia caeiiiaeaoaeuenoai. A ianoiyuaa a?aiy a
oeacaiiii caeiia iaaethaeaaony ianiioaaonoaea ia oieueei n iacaaiiui
Oaaea?aeueiui caeiiii, ii e n A?aaeaeaineei eiaeaenii, ae?oaeie
ii?iaoeaiuie i?aaiauie aeoaie e aeaaea n Eiinoeoooeeae ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee.
Oae, a no. 83 Athaeaeaoiiai eiaeaena “?anoiaeu niaianoiiai aaaeaiey
?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee, noauaeoia ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee, i?aaiia
ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey” i?aaeiieaaaaony iaee/ea niaianoiiai aaaeaiey
?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee, noauaeoia ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee e i?aaiia
ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey. Aeaiiia iieiaeaiea i?ioeai?a/eo no. 71, 72, 73
Eiinoeoooeee ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee, aaea ii?aaeaeyaony aaaeaiea
?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee e niaianoiia aaaeaiea ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee e
noauaeoia ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee. Eiinoeoooeeae ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee
ia onoaiaaeeaaaony niaianoiia aaaeaiea ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee, noauaeoia
?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee e i?aaiia ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey. A niioaaonoaee
n /anoueth 2 no. 132 Eiinoeoooeee ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee
i?aaeoniao?eaaaony eeoue iaaeaeaiea i?aaiia ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey
ioaeaeueiuie ainoaea?noaaiiuie iieiiii/eyie n ia?aaea/ae iaiaoiaeeiuo
aeey eo inouanoaeaiey iaoa?eaeueiuo e oeiainiauo ?ano?nia. Oaeei
ia?acii, aeaiiay noaouey Athaeaeaoiiai eiaeaena iaeiinoeoooeeiiia.
No. 64 Athaeaeaoiiai eiaeaena onoaiaaeeaaao eiie, ii n?aaiaieth ni no. 7
Oaaea?aeueiiai caeiia “I oeiainiauo iniiaao ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey a
?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee”, ia?a/aiue aeioiaeia ianoiuo athaeaeaoia io
oaaea?aeueiuo e ?aaeiiaeueiuo iaeiaia e nai?ia. A eiaiii, a
Oaaea?aeueiii caeiia “I oeiainiauo iniiaao ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey a
?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee” ioiinyony (e?iia i?eaaaeaiiuo a no. 64
Athaeaeaoiiai eiaeaena) aeiee oaaea?aeueiuo iaeiaia, ?ani?aaeaeaiiua
iaaeaeo athaeaeaoaie ?aciuo o?iaiae e cae?aieaiiua ca ioieoeeiaeueiuie
ia?aciaaieyie ia iinoiyiiie iniiaa – /anoue iaeiaa ia i?eaueue
i?aaiecaoeee, /anoue iaeiaa ia IAeN e ae?oaea.
A no. 86 Athaeaeaoiiai eiaeaena ia nenoaiii e ia iieii eceiaeaiu aeaeu
?anoiaeia, oeiaine?oaiuo ca n/ao n?aaenoa ianoiuo athaeaeaoia.
Ai-ia?auo, iaoeaeaniia?acii ia?a/eneyoue ana aeaeu ?anoiaeia, naycaiiuo
n ?aoaieai aii?inia ianoiiai cia/aiey, oai aieaa, /oi iie caeanue ia
niioaaonoaotho ioieoo 2 no. 6 Oaaea?aeueiiai caeiia “Ia iaueo i?eioeeiao
i?aaiecaoeee ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey a ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee”.
Ai-aoi?uo, a niioaaonoaee n ioieoii 1 noaouee 12 Oaaea?aeueiiai caeiia
“I oeiainiauo iniiaao ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey a ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee”
iaiaoiaeeii aeiaaaeoue neaaeothuea aeaeu ?anoiaeia ianoiuo athaeaeaoia:
?anoiaeu, naycaiiua n inouanoaeaieai ioaeaeueiuo ainoaea?noaaiiuo
iieiiii/ee, ia?aaeaiiuo i?aaiai ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey;
anneaiiaaiey ia no?aoiaaiea ioieoeeiaeueiuo neoaeaueo, iauaeoia
ioieoeeiaeueiie nianoaaiiinoe, a oaeaea a?aaeaeaineie ioaaonoaaiiinoe e
i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneiai ?enea;
eiua ?anoiaeu, i?aaeoniio?aiiua onoaaii ioieoeeiaeueiiai ia?aciaaiey.
Iiyoaiiay ioiaia nouanoaaiiuo enoi/ieeia aeioiaeia ianoiuo athaeaeaoia
(iaeiaa ia niaea?aeaiea aeeeeuiiai oiiaea e iauaeoia
nioeeaeueii-eoeueoo?iie noa?u, oeaeaauo iaeiaia – ia aeaaiono?ienoai
oa??eoi?ee e ae?oaeo) n iaeiia?aiaiiie ia?aaeecaoeeae eiioeaioeee ii
cae?aieaieth eiouanoaaiiuo iaeiaia a ea/anoaa iniiaiuo enoi/ieeia
aeioiaeia ianoiuo athaeaeaoia (a /anoiinoe, iiaeioiaeiiai iaeiaa n
oece/aneeo eeoe), a oaeaea nio?aiaiea ii?iaoeaia io/eneaiee a ianoiua
athaeaeaou io ?aaoee?othueo oaaea?aeueiuo e ?aaeiiaeueiuo iaeiaia – ana
yoi aiai?eo ia io?eoeaoaeueiii aeeyiee ?ac?aaaouaaaiuo iieiaeaiee
aoaeouae iaeiaiaie nenoaiu ia oi?ie?iaaiea oeiainiauo iniia ianoiiai
naiioi?aaeaiey.
?aceia nie?auaiea /enea ianoiuo iaeiaia e nai?ia, n iaeiie noi?iiu,
oi?iuaao iaeiaiaoth nenoaio, iaeiaei, iaeiia?aiaiii n yoei oiaiueoaaony
/enei yeiiiie/aneeo ?u/aaia, n iiiiuueth eioi?uo i?aaiu ianoiiai
naiioi?aaeaiey aoaeoo aeeyoue ia yeiiiie/aneea i?ioeannu ia
iiaeaaaeiinoaaiiie oa??eoi?ee. Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi ec nie?auaaiuo 13
aeaeia ianoiuo iaeiaia e nai?ia iaeioi?ua yaeythony “ia?aaioathueie”,
ae?oaea aea, iai?eia?, iaeia ia niaea?aeaiea aeeeeuiiai oiiaea e
iauaeoia nioeeaeueii-eoeueoo?iie noa?u, i/aiue aaaeiu aeey ianoiuo
athaeaeaoia.
Iaeiaiaue eiaeaen i?eioeeieaeueii eciaiyao iaeiaiaoth nenoaio ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee. I?iaeieaeay oaio iauae ioeaiee i?aaenoaaeaiiiai aeieoiaioa,
iaeuecy ia oiiiyiooue i?iaeaeea?e?iaaiiia iaeii ec aeaaiuo aai
aeinoieinoa – ineaaeaiea iaeiaiaiai a?aiaie, a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue ia
oiaa?ii?iecaiaeeoaeae. ?an/?ou, i?iecaaae?iiua Ieienoa?noaii oeiainia
?O, iieacaee, /oi iauaa nieaeaiea iaeiaiaie iaa?ocee ninoaaeo 58 ie?ae.
?oaeae, eee ia 6,3 i?ioeaioa iaiueoa, ii n?aaiaieth n iuia
aeaenoaothuei iaeiaiaui caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii. Iauay iaeiaiaay iaa?ocea a
?acoeueoaoa aeieaeia i?e yoii nie?aoeoueny n 35,1 % AAI aei 32,4% AAI.
I?iaeo Iaeiaiaiai eiaeaena ninoieo ec aeaoo /anoae- Iauae e
Niaoeeaeueiie. A iauae /anoe caeeaaeuaaaony i?aaiaie ooiaeaiaio
iaeiaiauo ioiioaiee e ii?aaeaeythony iniiau i?ioeanna iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey.
Ii naiae oaiaoeea e e?oao ?aaoee?oaiuo iaeiaia yoa /anoue aeecea e
aeaenoaothuaio Caeiio “ Ia iniiaao iaeiaiaie nenoaiu a ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee”, e iinea aaaaeaiey Iaeiaiaiai eiaeaena aeieaeia aoaeao
caiaieoue yoio Caeii. Niaoeeaeueiay /anoue ninoieo ec ?acaeaeia,
iinayuaiiuo eiie?aoiiio ii?yaeeo iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey oaaea?aeueiuo,
?aaeiiaeueiuo e ianoiuo iaeiaia.
Ianiiiaiii a iiaii i?iaeoa Iaeiaiaiai eiaeaena anoue iiiai
iieiaeeoaeueiuo iiiaioia. Ii, ia iao acaeyae, anoue e iiiai
io?eoeaoaeueii.
Aeey noauaeoia oaaea?aoeee – ?aaeiiaeueiuo athaeaeaoia, aeaiiue
Iaeiaiaue eiaeaen nieaeaao iauai aeioiaeia, niae?aaiuo a ?aaeiiaeueiua
athaeaeaou e eeoaao i?aaa aaaaeaiey ianoiuo iaeiaia, iai?aaeaiiuo ia
?aoaiea eiie?aoiuo ?aaeiiaeueiuo caaea/. ?aaeiiu, niaeanii yenia?oiui
ioeaieai, iiaoo iioa?youe iinea aaaaeaiey Eiaeaena io 10 aei 15% naieo
aeioiaeia.
A eoiaa i?iaeo Eiaeaena ia?ooaao neiaeeaoeany i?eioeeiu athaeaeaoiiai
oaaea?aeecia, nie?auaao athaeaeaoioth aaco noauaeoia ?O.
Aaaaeaiea Iaeiaiaiai eiaeaena a i?aaeeaaaaiii aa?eaioa i?eaaaeao e
aeaeueiaeoae oeaio?aeecaoeee iaeiaiauo iinooieaiee a oaaea?aeueiue
athaeaeao, nieaeaieth /enea cae?aieaiiuo aeioiaeia athaeaeaoia noauaeoia
e oaaee/aieth eo caaeneiinoe io “ Oeaio?a “ a /anoe ?aaoee?othueo
iaeiaia e o?ainoa?oia.
No?oeoo?a iaeiaiauo aeioiaeia ii aeaiiui io/aoa ia eniieiaiee
athaeaeaoa ?inneeneie oaaea?aoeee ca 1995 (Oaaeeoea 3.2.1)
naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i oii, /oi oaeaeueiue aan ?aaoee?othueo oaaea?aeueiuo
iaeiaia a athaeaeaoao noauaeoia i/aiue aunie.
Iaeiaiaue eiaeaen ia i?aaeiieaaaao nouanoaaiiuo eciaiaiee a no?oeoo?a
aeioiaeia.
Oaaeeoea 3.2.1
No?oeoo?a iaeiaiauo aeioiaeia (a %. 1995 a.)
Iaeiae Oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao Athaeaeaou noauaeoia Oaaea?aoeee
Athaeaeaou ianoiuo i?aaiia aeanoe
Anaai 100 100 100
Iaeia ia i?eaueue 24,0 47,8 32.1
IAeN ia oiaa?u, i?ieca. a ?innee 35.3 14.6 11.3
Iiaeioiaeiue iaeia n ianaeaiey 0,6 9,2 26.2
Aeoeecu 10,4 5,3 1,5
I?i/ea iaeiaiaua iinooieaiey 29,7 23.1 28.8
Ia iao acaeyae iaiaoiaeeii aianoe neaaeothuea eciaiaiey a i?iaeo
Iaeiaiaiai eiaeaena:
1. Ia?aaanoe oaaea?aeueiua ?ano?niua iaeiae a ?ac?yae ?aaeiiaeueiuo.
2. I?aaeinoaaeoue i?aai i?aaiai ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey aaiaeeoue
“Ioieoeeiaeueiue iaeia” a ?acia?a aei 3 i?ioeaioia io oiiaea iieaou
o?oaea.
3. Ii?aaeaeeoue e caeiiiaeaoaeueii cae?aieoue onoie/eaue aeie
?aaeiiaeueiuo iaeiaia e nai?ia, iinooiathueo iai?yioth a ?aaeiiaeueiua
athaeaeaou, iaania/ea oaeaeueiue aan nianoaaiiuo e cae?aieaiiuo
aeioiaeia ia iaiaa 70 % io iauaiia athaeaeaoa.
4. I?aaeoniio?aoue aiciiaeiinoue aaaaeaiey einoeoooa ?aaeiiaeueiie
iaeiaiaie einiaeoeee, ioaaonoaaiiie ca nai? ?aaeiiaeueiuo e ianoiuo
iaeiaia e aaaeouae eioi?iaoeeiiioth aaco aeaiiuo ii iaeiaiaui ieaoaaeai
a athaeaeao noauaeoa.
5.Cae?aieoue 50% oaiiaeaiiuo iioeei a aeioiaeao athaeaeaoia
iia?aie/iuo oa??eoi?ee. Oai naiui aoaeao oneeaii acaeiiaeaenoaea
?aaeiiaeueiuo i?aaiia aeanoe n oaiiaeaiiuie i?aaiaie.
Aaaaeaiea yoeo ii?i a iieiii iau?ia a i?eaycea e oaaea?aeueiiio
athaeaeaoo ia 1999 aiae i?eaaae?o e oe?aieaieth athaeaeaoia anao
o?iaiae, iicaieeo ei naiaa?aiaiii e a aieaa iieiii iauaia ?aoaoue
iinoaaeaiiua caaea/e.
Eaeay i?eiyoey Iaeiaiaiai eiaeaena, eae aaeeiiai nenoaiaoece?iaaiiiai
caeiiiaeaoaeueiiai aeoa ii aii?ino iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey, onoaiaaeeaathuaai a
niioaaonoaee n Eiinoeoooeeae ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee iauea i?eioeeiu
iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey e nai?ia a ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee, iiaeaea?aeeaaaony
noauaeoaie ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee. Oaeie caeii iaiaoiaeei iaoaio
ainoaea?noao, ia?acii aiai?y, eae aicaeoo.
Eiay oieeaeueioth aiciiaeiinoue naeaeaoue oaeie caeii, a niioaaonoaee n
eioi?ui a ?innee /anoii aeeoue noaiao iaeiiaoe auaiaeii, ia neaaeoao
i?eieiaoue aai oieueei ii i?eioeeiai i?aeiouanoa aeey oaaea?aeueiiai
athaeaeaoa.
Aeoiaaony, aia?aaee aua iniiaaoaeueiay ?aaioa iaae Iaeiaiaui eiaeaenii,
/oiau iaeneiaeueii o/anoue ana oeaiiua i?aaeeiaeaiey, iai?aaeaiiua ia
aeaenoaeoaeueiia niaa?oainoaiaaiea iaeiaiaie nenoaiu ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee.
I?eaaaeaiiue a Iaeiaiaii eiaeaena, a oaeaea a auoaoiiiyiooii i?iaeoa
Oaaea?aeueiiai caeiia “I aianaiee eciaiaiee e aeiiieiaiee a Caeii
?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee “Ia iniiaao iaeiaiaie nenoaiu a ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee” ia?a/aiue ianoiuo iaeiaia, ia iao acaeyae, o?aaoao
ia?aniio?a.
Yoe caeiiu ia o/eouaatho, /oi ?anoiaeu ii ?aoaieth nioeeaeueiuo i?iaeai
ianaeaiey a iniiaiii ianoo i?aaiu ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey. I?e
i?aaeeaaaaiii ?ani?aaeaeaiee iauaeoia iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey aieueoay /anoue
ioieoeeiaeueiuo ia?aciaaiee ieaaeaony aac aeinoaoi/iie aeioiaeiie /anoe
athaeaeaoa.
Ia iniiaaiee ioieoa 3 no. 7 Oaaea?aeueiiai caeiia “I oeiainiauo iniiaao
ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey a ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee” ia iaiaa 50% iaeiaa ia
eiouanoai i?aaei?eyoee (i?aaiecaoeee) ca/eneyaony a ianoiua athaeaeaou.
A niioaaonoaee n eiioeaioeeae Iaeiaiaiai eiaeaena eiouanoaaiiua iaeiae
aeieaeiu auee noaoue iniiaiuie aeioiaeaie ianoiuo athaeaeaoia,
neaaeiaaoaeueii, oeaeeeii iinooiaoue a ianoiua athaeaeaou.
Nio?aiaiea eiioeaioeee, i?aaeiieaaathuae, /oi eiouanoaaiiua iaeiae
aeieaeiu noaoue iniiaiuie aeioiaeaie ianoiuo athaeaeaoia, iio?aaiaaei au
nouanoaaiiiai oaaee/aiey eiouanoaaiiuo iaeiaia.
Aeey iie?uoey ?anoiaeia ianoiuo athaeaeaoia ca n/ao yoeo iaeiaia eo
noaaee iaiaoiaeeii auei au oaaee/eoue a ianeieueei nio ?ac. Yoi
ia?aaeueii, oae eae oneeeo iaeiaiaue i?ann ia i?aaei?eyoey e oece/aneeo
eeoe, /oi iio?aaoao nieaeaiey noaaie iaeiaa ia i?eaueue e ae?oaeo
iaeiaia.
A nayce n yoei a ia?a/aiue ianoiuo iaeiaia auei au oeaeaniia?acii
aeiaaaeoue aeaa iiauo aeaea iaeiaia – iiaeioiaeiue iaeia n oece/aneeo
eeoe, caieiathueony i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneie aeayoaeueiinoueth aac
ia?aciaaiey th?eaee/aneiai eeoea, a oaeaea ioieoeeiaeueiue iaeia. I?e
yoii aiieia aiciiaeii eneeth/eoue ec /enea “ianoiuo” iaeia ia
eniieueciaaiea ianoiie neiaieeee e ae?oaea “ia?aaioathuea” iaeiae.
Iiaeioiaeiue iaeia n oece/aneeo eeoe, caieiathueony
i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneie aeayoaeueiinoueth aac ia?aciaaiey th?eaee/aneiai
eeoea, aaaeii cae?aieoue ca ianoiuie athaeaeaoaie ia iinoiyiiie iniiaa,
n oai, /oiau ia ia?aie/eaaoue aiciiaeiinoe i?aaiia ianoiiai
naiioi?aaeaiey a inouanoaeaiee naiae oeiainiaie iieeoeee. Oai aieaa, /oi
io i?aaiia ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey a cia/eoaeueiie noaiaie caaeneo
nicaeaiea aeaaii?eyoiuo oneiaee aeey i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneie
aeayoaeueiinoe oeacaiiuo eeoe.
O/eouaay cia/eoaeueiia nie?auaiea /enea ianoiuo iaeiaia e nai?ia e
aaaaeaiea eo cae?uoiai ia?a/iy, /oi ?acei ia?aie/eaaao iaeiaiaoth
eieoeeaoeao i?aaiia ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey, i?e oii /oi cia/eoaeueiay
/anoue ?anoiaeia, aeeth/ay ?anoiaeu, naycaiiua n ia?aaea/ae
ainoaea?noaaiiuo iieiiii/ee ia eiatho enoi/ieeia iie?uoey,
oeaeaniia?acii aaaaeaiea ioieoeeiaeueiiai iaeiaa a ?acia?a aei 3% io
oiiaea ca?aaioiie ieaou. E?iia oiai, a oneiaeyo i?iaaaeaiey aeeeeuiie
?aoi?iu e iiauoaiey aeiee ianaeaiey a iieaoa aeeeeuii-eiiioiaeueiuo
oneoa aiciiaeiinoe ii eniieueciaaieth iaeiaa n i?iaeaae,
i?aaeoniio?aiiiai caeiiii?iaeoii I?aaeoaeuenoaa ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee
“I aianaiee eciaiaiee e aeiiieiaiee a Caeii ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee “Ia
iniiaao iaeiaiaie nenoaiu a ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee”, aoaeoo ia?aie/aiu
oneeaieai nioeeaeueiie iai?yaeaiiinoe.
Ioieoeeiaeueiue iaeia iiaeao aaiaeeoueny i?aaiaui aeoii
i?aaenoaaeoaeueiiai i?aaia ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey, a eioi?ii
onoaiaaeeaathony eiie?aoiua noaaee yoiai iaeiaa e ii?yaeie aai aceiaiey.
Athaeaeaoiue e Iaeiaiaue eiaeaenu i?aaeiieaaatho, /oi aei 75%
ioieoeeiaeueiuo ia?aciaaiee iioa?ytho io 2 aei 50% aeioiaeia eo
athaeaeaoia.
O ?yaea ioieoeeiaeueiuo ia?aciaaiee aeioiaeu athaeaeaoia nio?aiyony a
i?aaeieo ?acia?ao e oieueei ioaeaeueiua ioieoeeiaeueiua ia?aciaaiey
niiaoo oaaee/eoue aeioiaeu naieo athaeaeaoia.
Aucuaaao aaniieienoai e oi ianoiyoaeuenoai, /oi athaeaeaoiue e iaeiaiaue
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa oneeeaatho oeaio?aeecaoeeth a i?ioeanna athaeaeaoiiai
?aaoee?iaaiey, ia?ooatho i?aaa eae noauaeoia ?O, oae e i?aaiia ianoiiai
naiioi?aaeaiey a ioiioaiee naiinoiyoaeueiinoe oi?ie?iaaiey e eniieiaiey
athaeaeaoia niioaaonoaothuaai o?iaiy. A no.41 Athaeaeaoiiai eiaeaena, a
/anoiinoe, onoaiaaeeaaaony: “A aeioiaeao oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa e
athaeaeaoia noauaeoia ?O niaeanii oaaea?aeueiiio caeiiiaeaoaeuenoao
iiaoo auoue /anoe/ii oeaio?aeeciaaiu aeioiaeu, ca/eneyaiua a athaeaeaou
ae?oaeo o?iaiae, aeey oeaeaaiai oeiaine?iaaiey oeaio?aeeciaaiiuo
ia?ii?eyoee. Ii?iaoeau oeaio?aeeciaaiiuo aeioiaeia ooaa?aeaeathony
Caeiiii i oaaea?aeueiii athaeaeaoa ia i/a?aaeiie oeiainiaue aiae”. Yoi
i?yii i?ioeaiaeaenoaoao oi?ie?iaaieth oeiainiauo iniia ianoiiai
naiioi?aaeaiey.
A nayce n yoei Athaeaeaoiue e Iaeiaiaue eiaeaenu e ae?oaea iaeiaiaua
caeiiii?iaeou I?aaeoaeuenoaa ?O aeieaeiu auoue i?eaaaeaiu a niioaaonoaea
n anooieaoei a aeaenoaea Oaaea?aeueiui caeiiii “I oeiainiauo iniiaao
ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey a ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee.
Aaaaeaiea a aeaenoaea Oaaea?aeueiiai caeiia “I oeiainiauo iniiaao
ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey a ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee” iicaieeei oaea a 1998
aiaeo iaania/eoue oaaee/aiea aeiee nianoaaiiuo aeioiaeia ianoiuo
athaeaeaoia, a oaeaea au?aaieaaieth aeioiaeia ioieoeeiaeueiuo
ia?aciaaiee.
3.2 Iaoiaee/aneea iniiau ii?aaeaeaiey ?acia?ia ?aaeiiaeueiuo
athaeaeaoia.
I?iaeaia iaaeathaeaeaoiuo ioiioaiee e, neaaeiaaoaeueii, i?eiaiyaiuo
iiaeoiaeia e onoaiiaeaieth ninoaaa e ?acia?ia cae?aieaiiuo e
?aaoee?othueo aeioiaeia athaeaeaoia noauaeoia ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee aei
ianoiyuaai a?aiaie inoaaony ia?aoaiiie. Ii-i?aaeiaio i?e iainiiaaiee
i?iaeoia athaeaeaoia noauaeoia Oaaea?aoeee eaeoo nii?u e aeeneonnee
ioiineoaeueii ii?iaoeaia io/eneaiee io ?aaoee?othueo aeioiaeia a
?aaeiiaeueiua athaeaeaou, ?acia?ia o?ainoa?oia e noaneaeee,
i?aaeinoaaeyaiuo athaeaeaoaie auoanoiyuaai o?iaiy ieaeanoiyuei
athaeaeaoai.
Ionoonoaea aaeeiuo aeey ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee iao/ii-iaoiaee/aneeo
i?eioeeiia iainiiaaiey ?acia?ia iaiaoiaeeiuo oa??eoi?ee oeiainiauo
?ano?nia eioaineaii i?iaioee?oao ?oeiaiaeeoaeae noauaeoia Oaaea?aoeee ia
auaeaaiea ?aciiai ?iaea eueaio e i?eaeeaaee aeey naieo ?aaeiiia e
iinoiyiiia iauyniaiea yoiai niaoeeoeeie oa??eoi?ee, “iniauie oneiaeyie”
ianoiiieiaeaiey, nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneie ianoaiiaeie e o.i.
Ianiaa?oainoai nenoaiu athaeaeaoiuo ioiioaiee aucaaei iiiuoee
ioaeaeueiuo noauaeoia Oaaea?aoeee ioeacaoueny io ia?a/eneaiey a iieiii
iauaia iaeiaiauo iinooieaiee a oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao a onoaiiaeaiiuo
?acia?ao, ia?aeoe ia iaeiieaiaeueioth noaio ia?a/eneaiey aeioiaeia a
athaeaeao e o.ae.
Ianiio?y ia ?aaeaiaioe?iaaiiia Eiinoeoooeeae ?aaainoai noauaeoia
Oaaea?aoeee, oaeoe/anee aei ianoiyuaai a?aiaie ?anioaeeee a ninoaaa
?innee eiatho i?aa nouanoaaiii aieueoa, /ai ae?oaea ?aaeiiu. Aieaa oiai,
oaeoe/aneia ia?aaainoai iiaee?aieyaony nae/an iiaeienaieai
aeaoonoi?iiieo aeiaiai?ia i ?acaeaeaiee iieiiii/ee n ?yaeii noauaeoia
Oaaea?aoeee aianoi oiai, /oiau iiaeaioiaeoue aaeeiue ii?iaoeaii-i?aaiaie
aeo aeey anao.
AEeciaiii iaiaoiaeeia iiaeaioiaea eiino?oeoeaiie iaoiaeeee,
iaania/eaathuae anai noauaeoai Oaaea?aoeee ?aaiua oneiaey aeey ?acaeoey
e ooieoeeiie?iaaiey. I/aaeaeii, /oi i?iii?oeee ?ani?aaeaeaiey
athaeaeaoia ii o?iaiyi aeieaeiu ii?aaeaeyoueny enoiaey ec ooieoeee e
caaea/, ?aoaaiuo ia eaaeaeii o?iaia (oaaea?aeueiii, ?aaeiiaeueiii,
ioieoeeiaeueiii).
Oaaea?aeueiue athaeaeao ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee aeieaeai eniieueciaaoueny
aeey oi?ie?iaaiey e ?aaeecaoeee iauaainoaea?noaaiiuo (oaaea?aeueiuo)
i?ia?aii ?acaeoey e oaeouaai niaea?aeaiey iauaeoeaii iaiaoiaeeiuo
oaaea?aeueiuo no?oeoo?. A oi aea a?aiy eaaeaeue noauaeo Oaaea?aoeee,
aaeieieno?aoeaiue ?aeii eee ai?iae aeieaeai ?aaeeciaaoue naie
?aaeiiaeueiua e ioieoeeiaeueiua i?ia?aiiu e eiaoue oeiainiaua ?ano?nu ia
oaeouaa niaea?aeaiea niioaaonoaothueo ianoiuo no?oeoo?.
N 1994 a. oeiainiaay iiiiuue ?aaeiiai ieacuaaaony a aeaea o?ainoa?oia.
Iaeiaei noaia oi?ie?iaaiey oiiaea oeiainiaie iiaeaea?aeee i?e yoii
i?aaeiieaaaao i?aaeaa?eoaeueioth oeaio?aeecaoeeth io/eneaiee io IAeN a
oaaea?aeueiii athaeaeaoa, aneaaenoaea /aai ii/oe ana ?aaeiiu iiiaaeatho
a eaoaai?eth ioaeaeathueony.
Oeaeaniia?acii eniieueciaaoue iaoiaeeeo iainiiaaiey ?acia?ia ?anoiaeia
athaeaeaoia ?aaeiiia, iicaieythuoth onoaiaaeeaaoue ii?iaoeau io/eneaiee
io ?aaoee?othueo aeioiaeia a athaeaeaou noauaeoia Oaaea?aoeee n oai,
/oiau ana ?aaeiiu no?aiu eiaee ?aaiua aiciiaeiinoe
nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneiai ?acaeoey. A ?anoiaeiie /anoe ianoiuo
athaeaeaoia, n iaoae oi/ee c?aiey, aeieaeiu auaeaeyoueny “athaeaeao
oaeoueo ?anoiaeia” (GTP) e oae iacuaaaiue “athaeaeao ?acaeoey”. ?acia?
“athaeaeaoa ?acaeoey” (A?), ii iaoaio iiaieth, aeieaeai onoaiaaeeaaoueny
neaaeothuei ia?acii:
A?(O+1) = AO?(O+1) * E?(O),
aaea A?(O+1) – ?acia? athaeaeaoa ?acaeoey noauaeoa Oaaea?aoeee a
ieaiiaii ia?eiaea (O+1);
AO?(O+1) – ?acia? athaeaeaoa oaeoueo ?anoiaeia (oaeouaai niaea?aeaiey)
noauaeoa Oaaea?aoeee a ieaiiaii ia?eiaea;
E?(O) – eiyooeoeeaio ?aioaaaeueiinoe yeiiiieee ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee a
io/aoiii ia?eiaea (O) eae ioiioaiea niaieoiiie i?eauee e niaieoiiui
cao?aoai ai anao io?aneyo.
A naith i/a?aaeue: AO?(O+1) = AO?(O) * 1 (O+1),
aaea AO?(O) == AIAI * ENO * EI * *I(O);
AIAI – aaciaue ii?iaoea athaeaeaoiie iaania/aiiinoe a ?aaeiia:
ENO – eiyooeoeeaio naaa?iuo oaei?iaeaiee;
EI – eiyooeoeeaio ionoaaaiey o?iaiae ?acaeoey nioeeaeueiie noa?u io
n?aaeia?inneeneiai o?iaiy;
AO?(O) – ?acia? athaeaeaoa oaeoueo ?anoiaeia noauaeoa Oaaea?aoeee a
io/aoiii ia?eiaea;
1(O+1) – naiaeiue eiaeaen oaei?iaeaiey ?anoiaeia a ieaiiaii ia?eiaea ii
n?aaiaieth n io/aoiui ia?eiaeii;
*I – /eneaiiinoue ianaeaiey ?aaeiia.
A oeaeii ?acia? ?anoiaeia athaeaeaoa noauaeoa Oaaea?aoeee (?A) aoaeao
ninoaaeyoue:
?A(O+1) = AO?(O+1) + A?(O+1).
Oaeea ?acia?u ?anoiaeia athaeaeaoa (eae ieieioi) aeieaeiu eiaoue ana
noauaeou Oaaea?aoeee. Aiciiaeiinoe aeey ?acaeoey nioeeaeueiie e
i?iecaiaenoaaiiie eio?ano?oeoo?u, ?aoaiey eiuo ?aaeiiaeueiuo i?iaeai
aeieaeiu i?aaeinoaaeyoueny anai a ?aaiie noaiaie.
Ec ?anniio?aiiiai auoa neaaeoao, /oi ?acia? athaeaeaoa ?acaeoey aeieaeai
ii?aaeaeyoueny a caaeneiinoe io yooaeoeaiinoe, ?aioaaaeueiinoe yeiiiieee
a io/aoiii ia?eiaea. Ia aeaiiii yoaia nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneiai
?acaeoey ?innee aeey ?an/aoa ?acia?ia athaeaeaoia ?acaeoey noauaeoia
Oaaea?aoeee aeinoaoi/ii eniieueciaaoue n?aaeia?inneeneee eiyooeoeeaio
?aioaaaeueiinoe, a ia ?aaeiiaeueiua eiyooeoeeaiou. Yoi naycaii n oai,
/oi a ?innee i?iecaiaeeoaeueiua neeu ?aciauaiu e?aeia ia?aaiiia?ii.
Yooaeoeaiinoue yeiiiieee ?aaeiiia iiea a cia/eoaeueiie noaiaie
ii?aaeaeyaony i?ioeuie ?aoaieyie. ?acaeaaoueny aea aeieaeiu ana ?aaeiiu,
/oi e ii?aaeaeyao iaiaoiaeeiinoue eniieueciaaiey ia aeaiiii yoaia aeey
iainiiaaiee ?acia?ia athaeaeaoia ?acaeoey n?aaeia?inneeneiai
eiyooeoeeaioa ?aioaaaeueiinoe. Oaeei ia?acii, anee ia iniiaa aeaiiuo
i?aaiia noaoenoeee i?ioeaio ?aioaaaeueiinoe yeiiiieee a 1997 a. ninoaaeo
25%, oi:
A?(1997) = AO?(1998) * 0,25.
I?e?iaeii-eeeiaoe/aneea e yeiiiie/aneea oneiaey a ?acee/iuo ?aaeiiao
i/aiue ?aciua, niioaaonoaaiii e ?anoiaeu athaeaeaoa (AO? e A?), e
aeioiaeu ?ani?aaeaeythony i/aiue ia?aaiiia?ii. Iaeie noauaeou
Oaaea?aoeee, ?acaeoua a yeiiiie/aneii ioiioaiee e iaoiaeyueany a
aeaaii?eyoiuo i?e?iaeii-eeeiaoe/aneeo oneiaeyo, oieueei ca n/ao
cae?aieaiiuo aeioiaeia iiaoo noi?ie?iaaoue naie athaeaeaou oaeoueo
?anoiaeia niaea?aeaiey e athaeaeaou ?acaeoey aeaaea i?e ieieiaeueiuo
ii?iaoeaao io/eneaiee io ?aaoee?othueo aeioiaeia (IAeN, iai?eia?).
Ae?oaea ?aaeiiu aneaaenoaea iaaeinoaoi/iiai o?iaiy yeiiiie/aneiai
?acaeoey, naaa?iuo oaei?iaeaiee ia iiaoo noi?ie?iaaoue oaeea athaeaeaou
aeaaea i?e 100%~o ii?iaoeaao io/eneaiee io anao iaeiaia a eo athaeaeaou.
Oaeea noauaeou Oaaea?aoeee aeieaeiu iieo/aoue o?ainoa?ou ia oaeouea
?anoiaeu e noaaaioeee ia eaieoaeueiua cao?aou iiae oeaeaaua i?ia?aiiu.
Iaeiaei ?anoiaeu ?acaeoey (athaeaeaou ?acaeoey) a oeacaiiuo ?acia?ao
ia?yaeo n athaeaeaoaie oaeoueo ?anoiaeia aeieaeiu auoue i?aaeoniio?aiu
aeey anao noauaeoia Oaaea?aoeee.
Oaeei ia?acii. I?e aaeeiii i?eioeeia i6iniiaaiey ?acia?ia athaeaeaoia
noauaeoia Oaaea?aoeee ii?iaoeau io/eneaiee io ?aaoee?othueo iaeiaia a
?aaeiiaeueiua athaeaeaou iiaoo auoue ?acee/iuie, aeeooa?aioee?iaaiiuie.
Iiyaeyaony aiciiaeiinoue eo iauaeoeaii- iaiaoiaeeiie aeeooa?aioeeaoeee.
(A ia?aoth i/a?aaeue, yoi, eiia/ii, ioiineony e ii?iaoeaai io/eneaiee a
?aaeiiaeueiua athaeaeaou io iaeiaa ia aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue,
aeoeecia, oaiiaeaiiuo nai?ia e iioeei). Aaeeinoai aeieaeii auoue a
aeaaiii – a ?aaiuo aiciiaeiinoyo ?aaeiiia, a ia a iaeeiaeiauo noaaeao
io/eneaiee io ?aaoee?othueo iaeiaia. I?e yoii i?aeoe/anee iaania/aiea
oi?ie?iaaiey ?aaeiiaeueiuo athaeaeaoia a oeacaiiuo ?acia?ao iiaeao auoue
/anoi ?aaeeciaaii ca n/ao aeeooa?aioeeaoeee ii?iaoeaia io/eneaiee a
?aaeiiaeueiua athaeaeaou aeaaea oieueei ca n/ao iaeiiai iaeiaa – iaeiaa
ia aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue.
Ana ?aaeiiu i?e oaeie noaia iainiiaaiey ?acia?ia ianoiuo athaeaeaoia
aoaeoo eiaoue ?aaiua aiciiaeiinoe ii eo ?acaeoeth, ii eaieoaeueiui
aeiaeaieyi aeey ?aoaiey ?aaeiiaeueiuo i?iaeai. Nie?aoeony e /enei
ia?auaiee ia oaaea?aeueiue o?iaaiue n i?inueaaie i auaeaeaiee aeioaoeee
e noaaaioeee, oiaiueoaony e ?aciiaeaney iaaeaeo noauaeoaie Oaaea?aoeee.
I?aaeoaeuenoao e Ieienoa?noao oeiainia aoaeao eaa/a i?iaiaeeoue
niaeaniaaiea ?aaeiiaeueiuo athaeaeaoia.
I?aaeeiaeaiiay oe?oiiaiiay iaoiaeeea iiaeao auoue ?acaeoa e
aeaoaeece?iaaia a iai?aaeaiee o/aoa ?aciuo enoiaeiuo oneiaee, a eioi?uo
iaoiaeyony ?acee/iua ?aaeiiu. Oae, ?acia? athaeaeaoa iiaeao auoue
nei??aeoe?iaai ia iniiaa n?aaiaiey o?iaiae iaania/aiiinoe ?aaeiiia
iauaeoaie nioeeaeueiie eio?ano?oeoo?u /a?ac eioaa?aeueiue “eiyooeoeeaio
ionoaaaiey” ?aaeiia io n?aaeiaai ii ?innee o?iaiy iaania/aiiinoe. (Eee
iaiai?io – /a?ac eiyooeoeeaio iia?aaeaiey). Oiaaea ?acia? athaeaeaoa
?acaeoey ?aaeiiia aoaeao oai aieueoa, /ai aieueoa eiyooeoeeaio
ionoaaaiey o?iaiy nioeeaeueiiai ?acaeoey ?aaeiia io n?aaeiaai.
Ioiaoei oaeaea, /oi ana oeacaiiua ?an/aou iiaoo nia/aea i?iecaiaeeoueny
a oaeaeueiii en/eneaiee – a ?an/aoa ia iaeiiai aeeoaey ?aaeiia. Yoi
iicaieyao n?aaieaaoue ieaie?oaioth athaeaeaoioth iaania/aiiinoue ?aciuo
?aaeiiia.
I?aaeeaaaaiua iaoiaee/aneea iniiau iiaoo eniieueciaaoueny e aeey
niaa?oainoaiaaiey iaaeathaeaeaoiuo ioiioaiee a eaaeaeii ec noauaeoia
Oaaea?aoeee i?e oi?ie?iaaiee e niaeaniaaiee ?acia?ia athaeaeaoia ?aeiiia
e ai?iaeia ia niioaaonoaothueo o?iaiyo.
3.3 Iooe niaa?oainoaiaaiey iaaeathaeaeaoiuo ioiioaiee
Athaeaeaoiue e?ecen, ii?aceaoee no?aio ia iooe aa noaiiaeaiey ia ?aeuenu
?uii/iie yeiiiieee, a cia/eoaeueiie noaiaie noae eaoaeecaoi?ii oao
iaaaoeaiuo oaiaeaioeee, /oi iu iaaethaeaai ia anao o?iaiyo athaeaeaoiie
nenoaiu.
Oeiainiaue e?ecen 1998 aiaea, ii?aceaoee no?aio, iieacae, /oi
oeiainiaie e athaeaeaoiue e?ecen ?innee, i?iaeieaeaaoeeny n 1991 aiaea,
i?eoae e naiaio eiae/aneiio caaa?oaieth. Ia?iiiua noiiu caeinoaiaaiee,
iaa?aiiua ca yoio ?yae eao, oaeoe/anee “i?iaaeaeenue” e ia
niinianoaiaaee ?acaeoeth yeiiiieee no?aiu. 17 aaaonoa 1998 aiaea
I?aaeoaeuenoai ?O iauyaeei naay aaie?ioii a ioiioaiee iieaou aiaoiaai e
aioo?aiiaai aeieaa. Oaeia iieiaeaiea onoaoaeei athaeaeaoiue e?ecen
no?aiu, /oi naeaeaei aei ianoiyuaai a?aiaie iaaiciiaeiui i?eaea/ue
aiaoiea caaiiua n?aaenoaa, eioi?ua ia i?ioyaeaiee ?yaea eao oee ia
iie?uoea aeaoeoeeoa athaeaeaoa. A oaeeo oneiaeyo a 1999 aiaeo
iaiaoiaeeii naanoe athaeaeaoiue aeaoeoeeo e ieieioio.
Aiaeec, i?iaaaeaiiue ai aoi?ie aeaaa aeeieiiiie ?aaiou, iieacae, /oi
oeiainiaue e?ecen, ioaaoeaoee anth no?aio, ia iaioae noi?iiie e
Oaaa?ianeee e?ae. Aeaoeoeeo e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa ninoaaee: a 1995 aiaeo –
1,33% e ?anoiaeai, a 1996 aiaeo – 35%, a 1997 aiaeo – 43 %. Iie?uoea
aeaoeoeeoa inouanoaeyeinue ca n/ao caeinoaiaaiee ec oeaeaauo oiiaeia, ca
n/ao nnoaeu IO ?O e ae?oaeo caaiiuo n?aaenoa. A 1999 aiaeo
i?iaiice?oaiue aeaoeoeeo ninoaaee – 17,5%. Eniieiaiea ?anoiaeia
e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa ninoaaeei: a 1995 aiaeo – 93%, a 1996 aiaeo –
89%, a 1997 aiaeo – 96%.
Iaeiie ec aaaeiaeoeo caaea/ ii eniieiaieth athaeaeaoa 1999 aiaea
inoa?ony iaania/aiea onoie/eaiai yeiiiie/aneiai ?inoa.
Aeey yoiai iaiaoiaeeii nicaeaoue aeaaii?eyoioth ianoaiiaeo aeey
eiaanoeoeee, i?iaeieaeaoue ?aaioo ii iaeeaeaieth i?iiuoeaiiinoe,
ia/aoue ?aaeecaoeeth aeoeaiie i?iiuoeaiiie iieeoeee, iaaeaaeii
aa?aioe?iaaoue i?aaa nianoaaiieea e eiaanoi?a. Caaea/a nouanoaaiiiai
nieaeaiey o?iaiy iaoa?eaeueiiai ia?aaainoaa i?eia?aoaao a 1999 aiaeo
iniaia cia/aiea a nayce n iaiaoiaeeiinoueth auaiaea ec aeoaieiai e?ecena
io?aneae nioeeaeueiiai eiiieaena. ?aoaiea yoeo aii?inia ai iiiaii
caaeneo io oaaea?aeueiuo caeiiiaeaoaeueiuo e eniieieoaeueiuo
i?aaiia. Iaiaoiaeeii oaaee/eoue niae?aaiinoue iaeiaia “aeeauie”
aeaiueaaie, ?anoe?eoue e oe?aieoue aeioiaeioth aaco athaeaeaoia,
oii?yaei/eoue athaeaeaoiua i?ioeaaeo?u.
Ia?aie/aiiinoue oeiainiauo ?ano?nia e iac?aaoea i?aia?aciaaiey a
athaeaeaoiie noa?a aucuaatho iaiaoiaeeiinoue, n iaeiie noi?iiu –
oiaiueoeoue ?anoiaeu, eioi?ua ia yaeythony ia?aii/a?aaeiuie e
yooaeoeaiuie, a n ae?oaie noi?iiu ii?aaeaeeoue ia?aie/aiiue e?oa
i?ei?eoaoia e oneeeoue eiio?ieue ca ?aoeeiiaeueiui eniieueciaaieai
ainoaea?noaaiiuo n?aaenoa. A 1998 aiaeo i?aaeeaaaeinue ia?aeoe e
ieaie?iaaieth ?anoiaeia ia ia iniiaa cayaeaiiuo iio?aaiinoae, a enoiaey
ec aiciiaeiinoae athaeaeaoa. Iaeiaei e?aaaie caeii i ieieiaeueiuo
oeiainiauo ii?iaoeaao oeiaine?iaaiey athaeaeaoiuo io?aneae aeey e?aaaie
naoe e athaeaeaoia ioieoeeiaeueiuo ia?aciaaiee e iiya?th 1998 aiaea
i?eiyo ia aue. Aai i?eiaiaiea iinea i?eiyoey a ia?aii/a?aaeiii ii?yaeea
Caeiiiaeaoaeueiie Aeoiie Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay aeieaeii nouanoaaiii
iiauneoue ?aaeueiinoue ninoaaeyaiiai athaeaeaoa ia i/a?aaeiie aiae.
Aaaeiaeoei iai?aaeaieai niaa?oainoaiaaiey athaeaeaoiuo i?ioeaaeo?
yaeyaony ?aoi?ia nenoaiu iaaeathaeaeaoiuo ioiioaiee. Ii?aaeaeythuei
oneiaeai a? ii?iaeueiiai ooieoeeiie?iaaiey yaeyaony oeiainiaue
eiio?ieue ni noi?iiu e?aaaiai oeaio?a ca i?aaeeueiui e
oeaeaniia?aciui ?anoiaeiaaieai n?aaenoa athaeaeaoaie ioieoeeiaeueiuo
ia?aciaaiee.
Iaiaoiaeeii iaeoe iioeiaeueiia ?aoaiea i?iaeai athaeaeaoiiai
?aaoee?iaaiey a e?aa. Ia?aii/a?aaeiuie caaea/aie a yoie iaeanoe
inoathony oe?aieaiea aeioiaeiie aacu ianoiuo athaeaeaoia e onoaiiaeaiea
i?yiie caaeneiinoe iaaeaeo auaeaeaieai oeiainiaie iiiiue ec auoanoiyuaai
athaeaeaoa e auiieiaieai caaeaiee ii iiaeeecaoeee aeioiaeia a yoio
athaeaeao, nie?auaieth iaaeieiie, a oaeaea oiaeii ?aoi?i aeeeeuii –
eiiioiaeueiiai oicyenoaa, ainnoaiiaeaieai i?aeoeee i?iaaaeaiey ?aaecee
athaeaeaoia, iieo/athueo n?aaenoaa ec auoanoiyuaai athaeaeaoa.
Aiaae?aiiay a ia/aea 90-o aiaeia iaoiaeeea iaaeathaeaeaoiuo
ioiioaiee e iniaaiii iaoiaeeea ii?aaeaeaiey o?ainoa?oa ec oiiaea
oeiainiaie iiaeaea?aeee ?aaeiiia i?eaaea e ?ac?ooaieth athaeaeaoa
e?ay, aeeth/ay ianoiua athaeaeaou.
Ianoiua athaeaeaou, iniaaiii athaeaeaou ?aeiiia, caeueneeo e
iinaeeiauo ia?aciaaiee eeoeeenue onoie/eaie iaeiaiaie aacu. A yoe
athaeaeaou ia ca/eneyaony iaeia ia i?eaueue i?aaei?eyoee ec-ca
ionoonoaey naieo i?aaei?eyoee, ia ca/eneyaony iaeia ia
aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue ec-ca ieceiai i?ioeaioa ca/eneaiey yoiai
iaeiaa a athaeaeaou ?aeiiia, ii/oe ia iieiaeio nie?aoeeinue
iinooieaiea eaniiai aeioiaea ec-ca oiai, /oi 40 % aai aoaeao
ca/eneyoueny a ?anioaeeeaineee athaeaeao, iao o?ainoa?oa,
iineieueeo auaeaeyaiue ec ?anioaeeeaineiai athaeaeaoa o?ainoa?o
iie?uaaao ?ac?ua iaaeaeo ?anoiaeaie e aeioiaeaie, niaeaniaaiiuie
n Ieienoa?noaii oeiainia ?anioaeeee anaai ia 15 – 20 i?ioeaioia.
Iai?eia?, a niioaaonoaee n onoaiiaeaiiui I?aaeoaeuenoaii ii?yaeeii
Ieienoa?noaii oeiainia ?O i?iaaaeaii niaeaniaaiea n
aaeieieno?aoeeae e?ay iieacaoaeae athaeaeaoa e?ay ia 1998 aiae
ia i?aaeiao ii?aaeaeaiey o?ainoa?oa. Ii?aaeaeaiu ia?aiao?u
ieieiaeueiiai eiinieeaee?iaaiiiai athaeaeaoa ii aeioiaeai – 3,4
ie?ae. ?oaeae, ii ?anoiaeai – 6,4 ie?ae. ?oaeae. Iaaeinoathuay
noiia aeioiaeia aeey iie?uoey ?anoiaeia ninoaaeea 3 ie?ae.
?oaeae, iaeiaei Ieienoa?noai oeiainia e I?aaeoaeuenoai ?anioaeeee
aianei i?aaeeiaeaiea a Ainoaea?noaaiioth Aeoio ia onoaiiaeaiee
o?ainoa?oa a ?acia?a 930 iei. ?oaeae e yoi i?aaeeiaeaiea auei
ooaa?aeaeaii. A ?acoeueoaoa aeaoeoeeo athaeaeaoa ninoaaee ii/oe 2
ie?ae. ?oaeae. Aiineaaenoaee e yoa noiia o?ainoa?oa auea
oiaiueoaia aei 833 iei. ?oaeae, a e iaeeaeaaiiio eniieiaieth aei
374 iei. ?oaeae, eee ieieiaeueiay iio?aaiinoue a iie?uoee
?ac?uaa iaaeaeo aeioiaeaie e ?anoiaeaie aoaeao iaania/aia oieueei
ia 11 i?ioeaioia.
Ii ninoiyieth ia 18 iiya?y 1998 aiaea o?ainoa?oa oaea iieo/aii
384 iei. ?oaeae. Yoi cia/eo, /oi athaeaeao e?ay ia a ninoiyiee
iiaaneoue caaeieaeaiiinoue ii ca?aaioiie ieaoa e ia a ninoiyiee
auieaoeoue aa ca iiya?ue e aeaeaa?ue.
Ca 3 iineaaeieo aiaea athaeaeaoiay nenoaia e?ay iaaeiiieo/eea
n?aaenoa ia iie?uoea ?ac?uaa 5345 iei ?oaeae. Yoi aieueoa
iaeiiai n?aaeiaaiaeiaiai athaeaeaoa e?ay ii ?anoiaeai
(n?aaeiaaiaeiaie athaeaeao ii ?anoiaeai ninoaaeyao 4888 iei
?oaeae).
Anee ia oaaoaao n?aaenoa ia oeiaine?iaaiea ?anoiaeia, iie
ioeeaaeuaathony a aeiea. Ia 1 yiaa?y 1998 aiaea e?aaeeoi?neay
caaeieaeaiiinoue athaeaeaoiuo o/?aaeaeaiee, eiiioiaeueiuo
i?aaiecaoeee e caaeieaeaiiinoue ii e?aaeeoai iiae naaa?iue caaic,
ia naeueneia oicyenoai e ae?oaea io?anee, eioi?ua iieo/aiu a
Ieienoa?noaa Oeiainia iiae aa?aioeth e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa,
ninoaaeytho 4682,2 iei. ?oaeae. Neaaeiaaoaeueii, aeaoeoeeo
athaeaeaoa ninoaaeyao ii ioiioaieth e aeioiaeiie /anoe 128,8
i?ioeaioia. Oieueei caaeieaeaiiinoue ii ca?aaioiie ieaoa ?aaioieeia
athaeaeaoiuo o/?aaeaeaiee ia 13 iiya?y 1998 aiaea ninoaaeyea
538,6 iei. ?oaeae. Ia iiaaoaia aua caaeieaeaiiinoue ii nnoaea,
iieo/aiiie a 1997 aiaeo a noiia 374,6 iei. ?oaeae.
Iaaeieiea ii ieaoaaeai a athaeaeao aaeaaiaeii oaaee/eaaaony
e ninoaaeea ia 1 iiya?y 1998 aiaea 3269,5 iei. ?oaeae.
Na?ueaciay i?iaeaia, eioi?ay io?eoeaoaeueii iiaeeyea ia
eniieiaiea athaeaeaoa – yoi i?aaiecaoeey i?eaiee aeeeiai oiiaea.
Iioa?e athaeaeaoa e?ay io ioeoeeaeueii i?eiyoiai aeeeuey e
a?ioaiiiai a ?an/aoa ia aiae ninoaaeytho aieaa iaeiiai ieeea?aea
?oaeae.
Aio iaeei ec i?eia?ia. Caaiaeu “Ainoiae” e Oi?neee aeioeie/aneee
aianoa n aeeeueai ia?aaeaee eioaeueiua, ianeoaeeaathuea
iaeiia?aiaiii e i?iecaiaenoai. Eiaaea iniiaiia i?iecaiaenoai
inoaiiaeeinue, ia ana iiuiinoe eioaeueiuo aino?aaiaaiu. Oieueei
ia 2-o yoeo caaiaeao ia aino?aaiaaii oaiei ia noiio ieiei 200 iei.
?oaeae. Noieiinoue 1 Aeae a nayce n yoei oaaee/eeanue ni 158
?oaeae aei 604 ?oaeae.
I?e iiaeaioiaea e oi?ie?iaaieth athaeaeaoa ia 1999 aiae
aaaaeaiu iiaua iaeiae: iaeia n i?iaeaae, iaeia ia eai?iue aecian, ieaoa
ca iieueciaaiea aiaeiuie iauaeoaie e iauaeoaie aeeaioiiai ie?a,
niaieoiiue iaeia ia aiaiaiiue aeioiae. Aaaaeaiea niaieoiiiai iaeiaa ia
aiaiaiiue aeioiae iicaieeo noaaeeece?iaaoue iaeiaiiaeiaeaiea aeioiaeia,
ia?acothueony /a?ac iaee/iua aeaiueae, oe?aieoue aeioiaeioth aaco
ianoiuo athaeaeaoia.
Neiaeeaoeany ?uii/iua ioiioaiey i?aaeii?aaeaeeee iiaua ioiioaiey n
athaeaeaoii. Iiyaeeanue aiciiaeiinoue nicaeaiey aiaathaeaeaoiuo
enoi/ieeia oeiaine?iaaiey, aiaae?yaony iiaay nenoaia iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey,
niaa?oainoaothony aa iaoiaeu, iiauoathony ieaoaaee a athaeaeao io
oece/aneeo eeoe e /anoiuo i?aaei?eieiaoaeae.
Iaeiaei, ioeaee, aeiiouaiiua a i?iaaaeaiee i?eaaoecaoeee, ionoonoaea
i?iaeoiaiiie oeiainiaie iieeoeee ii noaaeeecaoeee yeiiiieee
i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo io?aneae, iniaaiii i?iiuoeaiiinoe e naeueneiai
oicyenoaa, ia?aoaiiua aii?inu aeaeueiaainoi/iiai ?aaeiia a /anoe
au?aaieaaiey o?ainii?oiuo oa?eoia e oa?eoia ia yeaeo?iyia?aeth, ia
iicaieeee iiauneoue eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoue i?iecaiaeeiie i?iaeoeoeee.
Neiaeeaoayny no?oeoo?a yeiiiieee e?ay, eioi?ay aace?iaaeanue ia
nicaeaiee iiuiiai iai?iiiiai eiiieaena, /anoue i?aaei?eyoee eioi?iai
auee a?aaeiia?acothueie, io?eoeaoaeueii aeeytho ia oi?ie?iaaiea e
eniieiaiea athaeaeaoa e?ay e e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa.
Ia iao acaeyae iaiaoiaeeii naeaeaoue neaaeothuaa:
– i?eaanoe a niioaaonoaea n Athaeaeaoiui Eiaeaenii caeii
Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay “Ia iniiaao athaeaeaoiiai ono?ienoaa e athaeaeaoiiai
i?ioeanna a Oaaa?ianeii e?aa”;
– ?ano?oeoo?ece?iaaoue e?aaeeoi?neoth caaeieaeaiiinoue
anao athaeaeaoia. Nienaoue ana i?ioeaiou, ia/eneaiiua ca
ianaiaa?aiaiioth oieaoo e i?ioeaiou ca iieo/aiiua e?aaeeou.
Inoaaeoue /enooth e?aaeeoi?neoth caaeieaeaiiinoue e i?aaeinoaaeoue
ion?i/eo e ?ann?i/eo aa iiaaoaiey;
– iaania/eoue naiaa?aiaiiia iinooieaiea aeioiaeia a
athaeaeao iaee/iuie n?aaenoaaie. Aeey yoiai aianoa n
Oeaio?aeueiui aaieii ?O iaiaoiaeeii ia?aciaaoue enoi/ieee
e?aaeeoiaaiey iai?ioiuo n?aaenoa ii aeinooiiui i?ioeaioai,
eniieuecoy aeey yoiai ?acee/iiai ?iaea caaiiua n?aaenoaa.
Nicaeaoue aiaathaeaeaoiue oiiae e?aaeeoiaaiey ca n/ao nianoaaiiuo
n?aaenoa i?aaei?eyoee e i?aaiecaoeee, a oii /enea e ca n/ao
n?aaenoa io nieaeaiey iaeiaiaiai a?aiaie i?aaei?eyoee;
– oneeeoue eiio?ieue ca aeaiaaeiui ia?auaieai, iniaaiii
ca iaee/iuie n?aaenoaaie. Cai?aoeoue ioe?uoea n/aoia ca
a?aieoeae. Ana n/aoa aeieaeiu auoue ioe?uou ii ianoo
?aniieiaeaiey th?eaee/aneeo e oece/aneeo eeoe e a iaeiii aaiea.
Ana iia?aoeee i?iaiaeeoue iaee/iuie /a?ac ?an/aoiua n/aoa,
onoaiiaea eeieo eanniaie iaee/iinoe. Eiio?ieue e i?aaiecaoeeth
yoie ?aaiou aiceiaeeoue ia Oeaio?aeueiue aaie ?O;
– ia?aciaaoue iaaeaaeioth aeioiaeioth aaco ?aaeiiaeueiiai
e ianoiuo athaeaeaoia. Naaiaeiy yoe athaeaeaou, iioa?yaoea
aeioiaeioth aaco iaiaoiaeeii i?eaioe?iaaoue ia aeioiaeu,
iinooiathuea io oece/aneeo eeoe, iaeeeo e n?aaeieo
i?aaei?eieiaoaeae, io eniieueciaaiey i?e?iaeiuo ?ano?nia. A yoii
eeth/a iaiaoiaeeii no?ieoue e iaeiaiaoth iieeoeeo. Ianiiiaiii
oe?aieo aeioiaeioth aaco iaeia n i?iaeaae, aaeeiue iaeia ia
aiaiaiiue aeioiae, iaaei ia?aaeaoue a ?aaeiiaeueiue e ianoiua
athaeaeaou ana iaeiae e nai?u. Iaeia ia i?eaueue, iaeia ia
aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue e oaiiaeaiiua ieaoaaee naeaeaoue
?aaoee?othueie aeioiaeaie, ca n/ao eioi?uo a iniiaiii aeieaeai
oi?ie?iaaoueny ?anioaeeeaineee athaeaeao. Io/eneaiey io oaiiaeaiiuo
ieaoaaeae a athaeaeaou ?aaeiiia iiaeii onoaiiaeoue a caaeneiinoe
io yenii?oiuo e eiii?oiuo iai?ioia;
– i?eiyoue ia?u ii nie?auaieth athaeaeaoiuo ?anoiaeia e
a oiaea a?aiy i?eaea/ue e oeiaine?iaaieth aiaathaeaeaoiua
enoi/ieee. Iaaeeoeeineee no?aoiaie oiiae i?aa?aoeeny a iau/iia
oeiainiaia o/?aaeaeaiea ii oeiaine?iaaieth iaaieueoie /anoe
?anoiaeia iaaeeoeeineeo o/?aaeaeaiee. Ooieoeee no?aoiaaiey ia
auiieiythony. Anoue ee niune a yoii neo/aa niaea?aeaoue
iiiai/eneaiiue ooao oiiaea? Iaiaoiaeeii ii?aaeaeeoueny e a
aii?inao ieaoiiai ia?aciaaiey e ieaoiiai i?aaeinoaaeaiey
iaaeeoeeineeo e ae?oaeo oneoa, nioeeaeueiie iiiiue, iao iaaeiaiinoe
niaea?aeaoue ca n/ao athaeaeaoa anth nenoaio i?ioanneiiaeueiiai
ia?aciaaiey;
– iaeiia?aiaiii n yoei iaiaoiaeeii onei?eoue oi?ie?iaaiea
caeiiiaeaoaeueiie aacu ii aeioiaeai ianoiuo athaeaeaoia.
Iiiai iayniinoae a oi?ie?iaaiee oaea i?eiyouo iaeiaia. Eaeay
iaiaoiaeeiinoue auea ioiaiyoue aei i?eiyoey Iaeiaiaiai eiaeaena
nouanoaothuoth nenoaio ianoiuo iaeiaia? Ianoiua athaeaeaou io
oaeeo ia?ii?eyoee iioa?yee cia/eoaeueiua noiiu aeioiaeia.
Athaeaeaoiay nenoaia Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay a ?an/aoa ia aiae
iioa?yea ieiei 500 iei. ?oaeae.
Iiuo eniieiaiey athaeaeaoa a iineaaeiea aiaeu iieacae, ianeieueei aaaeii
iaania/eoue ninoaaeaiea ?aaeueiiai athaeaeaoa. Athaeaeaoiue i?ioeann
aeieaeai inouanoaeyoueny iiae iinoiyiiui eiio?ieai aaeieieno?aoeee e?ay,
aaeieieno?aoeee ai?iaeia e ?aeiiia e oeiainiauo i?aaiia. Io yoiai
iai?yioth caaeneo oeiainiaia icaei?iaeaiea a e?aa.
Caeeth/aiea
A aeaiiie aeeieiiiie ?aaioa aue aeaoaeueii ?anniio?ai athaeaeaoiue
i?ioeann a oneiaeyo ia?aoiaea e ?uii/iui ioiioaieyi ia i?eia?a
Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay.
Ia iniiaaiee i?iaeaeaiiie ?aaiou naeaeaai e?aoeea auaiaeu:
Athaeaeao aoiaeeo a oeiainiai-e?aaeeoioth nenoaio ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee, ii i?aaenoaaeyao niaie oi?io ia?aciaaiey e ?anoiaeiaaiey
aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa aeey iaania/aiey ooieoeee i?aaiia ainoaea?noaaiiie
aeanoe. Niaieoiiinoue ?anioaeeeaineiai athaeaeaoa ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee, ?anioaeeeaineeo athaeaeaoia a ninoaaa ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee, athaeaeaoia iaoeeiiaeueii-ainoaea?noaaiiuo e
aaeieieno?aoeaii-oa??eoi?eaeueiuo ia?aciaaiee ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee,
iniiaaiiay ia yeiiiie/aneeo ioiioaieyo e th?eaee/aneeo ii?iao,
i?aaenoaaeyao niaie athaeaeaoioth nenoaio ?innee;
I?aaiaua ii?iu, ?aca?aie/eaathuea noa?o ?acee/iuo athaeaeaoia,
ii?aaeaeythuea iieiiii/ey ioaeaeueiuo i?aaiia ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe a
aeaea ecaeaiey athaeaeaoiiai caeiia, ?aaoee?othuea ii?yaeie iiaeaioiaee
e eniieiaiey yoiai caeiia, ninoaaeytho a naiae niaieoiiinoe athaeaeaoiia
i?aai ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee;
Athaeaeaoiue i?ioeann a ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee – yoi ?aaeaiaioe?iaaiiay
caeiiii aeayoaeueiinoue i?aaiia aeanoe ii ninoaaeaieth, ?anniio?aieth,
ooaa?aeaeaieth e eniieiaieth athaeaeaoa. Ninoaaiie /anoueth
athaeaeaoiiai i?ioeanna yaeyaony athaeaeaoiia ?aaoee?iaaiea,
i?aaenoaaeythuaa niaie /anoe/iia ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiea oeiainiauo ?ano?nia
iaaeaeo athaeaeaoaie ?aciuo o?iaiae;
Athaeaeaoiue i?ioeann aeaeeony ia noaaeee: a) ninoaaeaiea athaeaeaoa
(athaeaeaoiiai caeiia); a) ?anniio?aiea i?iaeoa athaeaeaoa (caeiia); a)
ooaa?aeaeaiea athaeaeaoa; a) eniieiaiea athaeaeaoa; ae) ninoaaeaiea e
ooaa?aeaeaiea io/aoa ia eniieiaiee athaeaeaoa.
Oaaa?ianeee e?ae, ?aniieiaeaiiue a oeaio?a Aeaeueiaainoi/iiai
yeiiiie/aneiai ?aeiia, yaeyaony ia?ana/aieai aaaeiaeoeo o?ainii?oiuo
iooae, naycuaathueo aioo?aiiea ?aeiiu ?innee ni no?aiaie aannaeia Oeoiai
ieaaia.
Oaaa?ianeee e?ae – iaeii ec naiuo e?oiiuo ii ?acia?ai aaeieieno?aoeaii
– oa??eoi?eaeueiuo ia?aciaaiee a ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee. Aai ieiuaaeue –
788.6 oun.ea.ei ( a 2.1 ?aca aieueoa ssiiiee ), /oi ninoaaeyao 4.5%
oa??eoi?ee ?innee, 12.7% Aeaeueiaainoi/iiai yeiiiie/aneiai ?aeiia.
A e?aa ian/eouaaaony 17 ?aeiiia, 7 ai?iaeia, 31 iinaeie ai?iaeneiai
oeia, 534 naeueneeo ianaeaiiuo ioieoia. 68.3% anaai ianaeaiey e?ay
i?iaeeaaao a ai?iaeao.
Oaaa?ianeee e?ae yaeyaony iaeaieaa ?acaeoie a i?iiuoeaiiii ioiioaiee
oa??eoi?eae Aeaeueiaai Ainoiea. A e?aa i?iecaiaeeony 29% i?iiuoeaiiie
i?iaeoeoeee Aeaeueiaainoi/iiai yeiiiie/aneiai ?aeiia (AeAY?). Ii iauaio
auionea i?iaeoeoeee i?iiuoeaiiinoe, e?ae caieiaao a yeiiiie/aneii
?aeiia ia?aia ianoi, i?aainoiaey iaeiia?aiaiii ana ae?oaea
aaeieieno?aoeaii – oa??eoi?eaeueiua ia?aciaaiey AeAY?.
Athaeaeaoiue i?ioeann Oaaa?ianeii e?aa no?ieony a niioaaonoaee n
Eiinoeoooeeae ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee, Onoaaii Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay,
oaaea?aeueiuie e e?aaauie caeiiaie, ?aaoee?othueie aii?inu yeiiiie/aneie
iieeoeee, athaeaeaoa, oeiainia e iaeiaia, ?aoaieyie i?aaiia ianoiiai
naiioi?aaeaiey eo eiiiaoaioeee e auoaiacaaiiui caeiiii.
Athaeaeaoiay nenoaia Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay yaeyaony /anoueth oeiainiaie
nenoaiu ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee, aeeth/athuae a naay oeiainu
naiinoiyoaeueiuo th?eaee/aneeo e oece/aneeo eeoe.
A niioaaonoaee n Onoaaii Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay a athaeaeaoioth nenoaio
Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay eae naiinoiyoaeueiua /anoe aeeth/athony:
e?aaaie athaeaeao Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay, ?aeiiiua athaeaeaou ?aeiiia,
ai?iaeneea athaeaeaou ai?iaeia, ?aeiiiua athaeaeaou ?aeiiia a ai?iaeao,
athaeaeaou iinaeeia e naeueneeo ianaeaiiuo ioieoia. Eiinieeaee?iaaiiue
athaeaeao e?ay aeeth/aao a naay 17 athaeaeaoia ?aeiiia. 2 athaeaeaoa
ai?iaea e e?aaaie athaeaeao.
E?aaaie athaeaeao ia 1995 aiae ii aeioiaeai aue ooaa?aeaeai a noiia
1024,3 ie?ae ?oaeae . Ii io/aoo ca 1995 aiae aeioiaeu e?aaaiai
athaeaeaoa ninoaaeee 1090,4 ie?ae ?oaeae eee 106,5 % aiaeiaiai ieaia. Ii
?yaeo iaeiaia ieai a 1995 aiaeo aue ia?aauiieiai, a /anoiinoe: ii
iaeiao ia i?eaueue – ia 7,39 %, ii aeoeecai – ia 39,87 %, ii iaeiao ia
eiouanoai i?aaei?eyoee – ia 26,54 %, ii aeioiaeai io i?eaaoecaoeee – ia
26,9 % Iniiaiuie enoi/ieeaie aeioiaeia a 1995 aiaeo ninoaaeee: iaeia ia
i?eaueue – 34%, iaeia ia aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue – 13%, iiaeioiaeiue
iaeia n oece/aneeo eeoe – 13%.
E?aaaie athaeaeao ia 1996 aiae ii aeioiaeai aue ooaa?aeaeai a noiia
1864873 ieeeeiiia ?oaeae. ?ino aeioiaeia ii n?aaiaieth n 1995 aiaeii
ninoaaee 1.3 ?aca. Iaeaieueoee oaeaeueiue aan a no?oeoo?a aeioiaeia
caieiatho iaeiaiaua iinooieaiey – 77 % . Eo aeiey ii n?aaiaieth n
i?ioeui aiaeii auoa ia 7 %. Iniiaiuie enoi/ieeaie aeioiaeia a 1996 aiaeo
ii-i?aaeiaio inoathony neaaeothuea iaeiae: iaeia ia i?eaueue – 21 %;
iiaeioiaeiue iaeia n oec.eeoe – 15 %; IAeN – 16%. Ii ?yaeo iaeiaia,
oaeeo eae niaoeiaeia, iaeia ia eiouanoai, ieaoa ca iaae?a ieai
ia?aauiieiai niioaaonoaaiii ia 148 %, 35 %, 4 %.
A e?aaaie athaeaeao ia 1997 aiae auei caieaie?iaaii iieo/eoue 1532175
iei ?oa. Ii io/aoo ca 1997 aiae a e?aaaie athaeaeao iinooieei 1411700
iei ?oa., /oi ninoaaeei 92.14 % e aiaeiaiio ieaio. Aeiey nianoaaiiuo
aeioiaeia a io/aoiii aiaeo auea oaaee/aia ca n/ao aaaaeaiiiai iaeiaa n
?icie/iuo i?iaeaae, eioi?ue caiaiee iaeia ia ?icie/iue oiaa?iiai?io.
Noiia iinooieaiey ii yoiio iaeiao ninoaaeea 389,6 iei ?oa. Ii ?yaeo
iaeiaia ieai aue iaaeiauiieiai. Yoi ii oaeei iaeiaai, eae: IAeN – ia
11,3 %; aeoeecu – ia 1,4 %; i?i/ea iaeiae ia oiaa?u e oneoae – ia 38,3
%; ieaoaaee ca iieueciaaiea i?e?iaeiuie ?ano?naie – ia 8,7 %.
Iaeaieueoee oaeaeueiue aan a iauai iauaia iaeiaiauo
iinooieaiee ca 1995-1997 aiaea ninoaaeytho neaaeothuea iaeiae: iaeia ia
i?eaueue, iiaeioiaeiue iaeia n oece/aneeo eeoe, iaeiae ia oiaa?u e
oneoae (n?aaee ieo iaeaieueoee oaeaeueiue aan i?eoiaeeony ia IAeN).
Oaeaeueiue aan ii iaeiao ia i?eaueue a 1995 a., 1996 a., 1997 a.
nieceeny n 18 % aei 10% . Nieaeaiea oaeaeueiiai aana ii iaeiao ia
i?eaueue iiaeii iauynieoue oai, /oi ia/eiay n 1996 aiaea nieceeanue
iaeiaiiaeaaaaiay aaca ii yoiio iaeiao, a eiaiii, auea ioiaiaia /anoue
iaeiaa ia i?eaueue aceiaaiie ca i?aauoaiea eeieoa ii oiiaeo iieaou
o?oaea. Oaeaeueiue aan iiaeioiaeiiai iaeiaa n oece/aneeo eeoe ii
n?aaiaieth n 1995 aiaeii oaaee/eeny a 1996 aiaeo ia 2,2 %e ninoaaee
8,6 % a iauae noiia aeioiaeia, a a 1997 aiaeo aai aeiey oaaee/eeanue
aei 11 %. Oaeaeueiue aan ii iaeiaai ia oiaa?u e oneoae a 1996 aiaeo
oaaee/eeny ii n?aaiaieth n 1995 aiaeii ia 7,6 %, a a 1997 aiaeo
nieceeny ii n?aaiaieth n 1996 aiaeii ia 4 % . Oaaee/aiea oaeaeueiiai
aana ii iaeiaai ia oiaa?u e oneoae iauyniyaony oaaee/aieai oaeaeueiiai
aana oaeeo iaeiaia eae IAeN, aeoeecu. Ia nieaeaiea oaeaeueiiai aana ii
iaeiaai ia oiaa?u e oneoae iiaeeyei nieaeaiea oaeaeueiiai aana ii
niaoeiaeiao e i?i/eo iaeiaia ia oiaa?u e oneoae.
Neaaeoao ia?aoeoue aieiaiea ia niaa?oainoaiaaiea iaoaiecia ?aoaiey
neaaeothueo i?iaeai:
1. Iaiaoiaeeii io?aaioaoue iaoaieci ?aaiou n iaaeieiueeaie, iooai
iaeiaeaiey a?anoa ia eo eiouanoai e ?aaeecaoeeth yoiai eiouanoaa a n/ao
iaoiea/aiiuo iaeiaia e nai?ia a e?aaaie athaeaeao.
2. Eiiiaoaioiui i?aaiai (iaeiaiaay einiaeoeey, iaeiaiaay iieeoeey,
oaaea?aeueiia eacia/aenoai) iaiaoiaeeii inouanoaeyoue ia ?aciaue, a
nenoaiaoe/aneee eiio?ieue ca naea/ae i?aaei?eyoeyie iaee/iuo
aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa ia ?an/aoiue n/ao a aaie, ca ?an/aoaie n
athaeaeaoii (oioy au iaeaieaa e?oiiuo i?aaei?eyoee e
iaeiaiieaoaeueueeia).
3. Iaiaoiaeeia eii?aeeiaoeey ?aaiou eiiia?/aneeo aaieia a oii ieaia,
/oiau ?an/aou n athaeaeaoii ii ieaoaaeai a athaeaeao e aiaathaeaeaoiua
oiiaeu i?iaiaeeeenue naiaa?aiaiii e a iieiii iauaia.
4. Aieueoeinoai athaeaeaoiuo i?aaiecaoeee, iaoiaeyueony ia
oeiaine?iaaiee e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa ianeoaeeaathony a EA “
Aeaeueeiiaaiea” eae e e?aaaie athaeaeao. Yoi iicaieyao onei?eoue
?an/aou iaaeaeo athaeaeaoii e i?aaiecaoeeyie. N oeaeueth onei?aiey
?an/aoia iaaeaeo oicyenoaothueie noauaeoaie iaiaoiaeeii i?iaiaeeoue
?aaioo ii aeaeueiaeoaio ?acaeoeth ioeoeeaeueiie naoe EA
“Aeaeueeiiaaiea” eae aaiea, ianeoaeeaathuaai e?aaaie athaeaeao. A
oneiaeyo ?acaeaathuaainy e?ecena a aaieianeie noa?a yoi iaania/eo
onei?aiea i?ioiaeaeaiey ieaoaaeae e iiauneo ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoue aaiea
e aai oeeeaeia (i?iecieaeao iieiue ia?aoiae ia aeieoiaioiiai?io a
yeaeo?iiiii aeaea).
5. Iaiaoiaeeii ia?aniio?aoue eueaiou ii ieaoaaeai a athaeaeao,
oaeanoi/eoue e?eoa?ee i?aaeinoaaeaiey ion?i/ae ii ieaoaaeai a
athaeaeao.
E?aaaie athaeaeao ii ?anoiaeai 1995 aiaea aue ooaa?aeaeai a noiia
2196871 iei.?oa. Aeaoeoeeo athaeaeaoa – a noiia 232778 iei.?oa.
Iie?uoue aeaoeoeeo ieaie?iaaeinue ca n/ao n?aaenoa ec oaaea?aeueiiai
athaeaeaoa. Oeiaine?iaaiea oaeeo io?aneae eae ainoaea?noaaiiia
oi?aaeaiea, i?aaiio?aieoaeueiua i?aaiu, io?aia ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu
i?iecaiaeeeinue oieueei ia ca?aaioioth ieaoo a nayce n iaaeiiinooieaieai
n?aaenoa a e?aaaie athaeaeao. Ia oeiaine?iaaiea AEEO a io/aoiii aiaeo
auei iai?aaeaiii 70236 iei ?oa. eee 65,7% io ieaie?oaiuo ?anoiaeia. Ia
?acaeoea naeueneiai oicyenoaa a 1995 aiaeo auei iai?aaeaiii 112604 iei
?oa., /oi ninoaaeei eeoue 59 % io aiaeiaiai ieaia.
Nioeeaeueii-eoeueoo?iay noa?a i?ioeiaine?iaaia a ?acia?a 349658 iei
?oa. eee 51,6 % io ieaiiaiai iieacaoaey (676581 iei ?oa.).
E?aaaie athaeaeao ia 1996 aiae aue eniieiai ia 89.5 %. Ieceee
i?ioeaio eniieiaiey ieaia iauyniyaony oai, /oi oeiaine?iaaiea
i?iecaiaeeeinue ca n/ao oaeoe/anee iinooieaoeo aeioiaeia a e?aaaie
athaeaeao a 1996 aiaeo. Oeiaine?iaaeenue a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue oaeaea eae
e a 1995 aieo caueuaiiua noaouee. Athaeaeaoiue aeaoeoeeo ieaie?iaaeny a
noiia 1618252 iei ?oa. A oaeoe/anee aai noiia ninoaaeea 1435762 iei ?oa.
Oeiaine?iaaiea ii io?aneyi neiaeeeinue neaaeothuei ia?acii. Ec-ca
ieceeo iinooieaiee n?aaenoa (ieai ii aeioiaeai auiieiai eeoue ia 84,3
%) oeiaine?iaaeenue caueuaiiua noaouee athaeaeaoa. A ?acoeueoaoa,
aiia?ao oi?aaeaiey aue i?ioeiaine?iaai a noiia 70600 iei. ?oa., /oi
ninoaaeei 79,3% e ieaio, ec ieo 76 % – oeiaine?iaaiea ia ca?aaioioth
ieaoo. I?aaiio?aieoaeueiua i?aaiu iieo/eee ec e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa
anneaiiaaiey a ?acia?a 149300 iei ?oa. Ca?aaioiay ieaoa i?ioeiaine?iaaia
ia 84,7 %. Ia oeiaine?iaaiea AEEO ec athaeaeaoa auei auaeaeaii 103800
iei. ?oa., /oi ninoaaeei 79,6% e ieaio. Ia oeiaine?iaaiea o?ainii?oa
auaeaeaii 60100 iei ?oa. Ia ?acaeoea naeueneiai oicyenoaa auaeaeaii
156700 iei ?oa., eee 82,1% ii ooi/iaiiiio ieaio. Nioeeaeueii-eoeueoo?iay
noa?a i?ioeiaine?iaaia ia 58,6 % . ?anoiaeu ia nioeeaeueioth iieeoeeo
ninoaaeee 157600 iei ?oa. eee 49% io ieaia. Ianoaiiaea n eniieiaieai
?anoiaeiie /anoe athaeaeaoa a 1997 aiaeo neiaeeeanue eo/oei ia?acii,
/ai a i?aaeuaeoueo 1995 e 1996 aiaeao. Eniieiaiea ninoaaeei 96,5 % ,
i?e ieaia 5567200 iei. ?oa. e oaeoe/aneeo ?anoiaeao a noiia 5375100
iei. ?oa. Aiia?ao oi?aaeaiey i?ioeiaine?iaai a noiia 86000 iei ?oa.,
/oi ninoaaeyao 98,8 % io ieaiiaiai iieacaoaey (87000 iei. ?oa.).
N?aaenoaa ia ca?aaioioth ieaoo auiea/aiu iieiinoueth. Inoaeueiua cao?aou
oeiaine?iaaeenue n o/aoii athaeaeaoiiai aeaoeoeeoa. Ii
i?aaiio?aieoaeueiui i?aaiai eniieiaiea ca 1997 aiae ninoaaeyao 98 (i?e
ieaia 216500 iei ?oa. e oaeoe/aneeo ?anoiaeao 212300 iei ?oa.). Ia
oeiaine?iaaiea i?iiuoeaiiinoe iai?aaeaii 94,7 % n?aaenoa
caieaie?iaaiiuo ia 1997 aiae a noiia 523000 iei ?oa. Ia oeiaine?iaaiea
naeueneiai oicyenoaa iai?aaeaii 137100 iei ?oa. eee 89,1 % aiaeiaiai
ieaia. Ii io?anee “AEeeeuii-eiiioiaeueiia oicyenoai” auaeaeaii 110200
iei ?oa. eee 75,8 % aiaeiaiai ieaia. Anaai ia oeiaine?iaaiea
o?ainii?oa auaeaeaii 91800 iei ?oa., /oi ninoaaeyao 87 % aiaeiaiai
ieaia. Nioeeaeueii-eoeueoo?iay noa?a inaiaia eeoue ia 90 % . Ii
eoeueoo?a e eneonnoao eniieiaiea ninoaaeei 95,7 % io aiaeiaiai ieaia.
Ieai ii io?anee cae?aaiio?aiaiea auiieiai ia 99,9 %. Ana
iaycaoaeuenoaa ii oeiaine?iaaieth caueuaiiuo noaoae auee auiieiaiu
iieiinoueth. Nioeeaeueiay iieeoeea a 1997 aiaeo i?ioeiaine?iaaia a
noiia 188200 iei ?oa. Yoi ninoaaeyao 79.7 % aiaeiaiai ieaia.
Oaeaeueiue aan ii ?anoiaeai ia ainoaea?noaaiiia oi?aaeaiea,
i?aaiio?aieoaeueiua i?aaiu inoaeenue ia i?aaeiai o?iaia, o.e.
oaaee/aiea ca?aaioiie ieaou ia i?ienoiaeeei. Oaeaeueiue aan ?anoiaeia
ia i?iiuoeaiiinoue nieceeny ii n?aaiaieth n 1995 aiaeii ia 15% .
Oaeaeueiue aan ?anoiaeia ia naeueneia oicyenoai oiaea oiaiueoeeny ii
n?aaiaieth n 1995 e 1996 aiaeaie ia 3 %. Oaeaeueiue aan ?anoiaeia ia
ia?ii?eyoey ii eeeaeaeaoeee /?acau/aeiuo neooaoeee ianeieueei
nieceeny, o.e. /anoe/ii aeaiiua ia?ii?eyoey oeiaine?iaaeenue ec
Oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa. Oaeaeueiue aan ii io?anee ia?aciaaiea
oiaiueoeeny n 3% a 1995 aiaeo aei 2% a 1997 aiaeo. Oiaiueoaiea
oaeaeueiiai aana ii io?anee cae?aaiio?aiaiea a 1996 aiaeo naycaii n
iaaeinoaoi/iinoueth n?aaenoa a athaeaeaoa. A 1997 aiaeo oaeaeueiue aan
ii io?anee cae?aaiio?aiaiey oaaee/eeny ia 1% ii n?aaiaieth n
i?aaeuaeooei aiaeii. Oaeaeueiue aan athaeaeaoiuo nnoae, auaeaiiuo
?aeiiai e?ay aic?in a nayce n ieceie aeioiaeiinoueth athaeaeaoia
ai?iaeia e ?aeiiia e?ay.
Iiaeaiaey eoiae eniieiaiey e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa ca 1995 – 1997 aiaeu,
iiaeii neacaoue, /oi a oneiaeyo i?aiaeieaiey niaaea i?iiuoeaiiiai
i?iecaiaenoaa iaiaoiaeeii i?iaiaeeoue iieeoeeo noeioee?iaaiey
aunieiaeoeaiuo eiaanoeoeee i?e iaeiia?aiaiiii ?aoaiee nioeeaeueiuo
caaea/, eioi?ua iaania/ao aa?aioee nioeeaeueiuo e yeiiiie/aneeo i?aa
a?aaeaeai.
Aeey naaeaine?iaaiiinoe athaeaeaoa e aeinoeaeaiey ?aaeueiinoe aai
iieacaoaeae iaiaoiaeeii:
1. Ia?aniio?aoue iieo/aoaeae o?ainoa?oia, aeioaoeee, noaneaeee. Yoi
iniaaiii eanaaony naeueneiai oicyenoaa. Iaiaoiaeeii niaa?oainoaiaaiea e
aai no?oeoo?u, oae eae Aa?ii?iiuoeaiiue eiieoao i?iaeieaeaao i?aeoeeo
auaeaeaiey athaeaeaoiuo n?aaenoa aania?niaeoeaiui, oauoi/iui oicyenoaai.
I?iecaanoe i?iecaiaenoaaiioth ia?ai?eaioaoeeth naeueneioicyenoaaiiuo
i?aaei?eyoee. Ieacuaaoue iiaeaea?aeeo Aa?ii?iiuoeaiiiai eiiieaena ca
n/ao n?aaenoa oiiaea iiaeaea?aeee naeueneiai oicyenoaa, iai?aaeaiioth
ia nio?aiaiea ieiaei?iaeey ii/a, i?aiaeieaiea niaaea
naeueneioicyenoaaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa, ?acaeoea ?uii/iie no?oeoo?u.
2. Iieiinoueth ioeacaoueny eee nie?aoeoue iiaeaea?aeeo io?aneae,
inouanoaeythueo i?iecaiaenoai iayooaeoeaiie, iaeiieo?aioiiniiniaiie
i?iaeoeoeee, noeioee?oy ioa/anoaaiiuo i?iecaiaeeoaeae, auioneathueo
auno?iieoiaaioth i?iaeoeoeeth niioaaonoaothuoth ie?iaui noaiaea?oai.
?ac?aaioea e iineaaeiaaoaeueiay ?aaeecaoeey ia?, iai?aaeaiiuo ia
oaaee/aiea aeioiaeia athaeaeaoa e nie?auaiea aai ?anoiaeia,
?aaoee?iaaiea athaeaeaoiiai aeaoeoeeoa, oeaeaiai?aaeaiiia oi?aaeaiea aai
?acia?ai a niaieoiiinoe n ae?oaeie yeiiiie/aneeie aioee?eceniuie ia?aie,
iicaieyo noaaeeece?iaaoue oeiainiaia iieiaeaiea iaoae no?aiu.
Athaeaeao e?ay ia 1999 aiae aiineony ia ?anniio?aiea ii aeioiaeai a
noiia 4540,1 iei. ?oaeae e ii ?anoiaeai 5842,7 iei. ?oaeae.
E?aaaie athaeaeao niioaaonoaaiii – 3025,2 e 3669 iei. ?oaeae.
Aeaoeoeeo ninoaaee niioaaonoaaiii ii athaeaeaoo e?ay 22,3% e ?anoiaeai,
ii e?aaaiio athaeaeaoo – 17,5%. Ia iie?uoea aeaoeoeeoa athaeaeaoa
ieaie?oaony iai?aaeoue caaiiua n?aaenoaa, aeeth/ay n?aaenoaa io
yiennee oeaiiuo aoiaa aaeieieno?aoeee e?ay ia iauoth noiio 200 iei
?oaeae. A ea/anoaa enoi/ieea oeiaine?iaaiey aeaoeoeeoa athaeaeaoa e?ay
oaeaea i?aaeoniio?aiu: nnoaea ec oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa a iau?ia
1042,9 iei ?oaeae, 10 i?ioeaioia aiaathaeaeaoiuo oiiaeia (40,6 iei
?oaeae), 10 i?ioeaioia io/eneaiee ia aini?iecaiaenoai INA (4 iei.
?oaeae), iaeniieueciaaiiua inoaoee n?aaenoa (15 iei. ?oaeae). Iniiaiuie
enoi/ieeaie aeioiaeiie /anoe athaeaeaoa ii-i?aaeiaio inoathony
iiaeioiaeiue iaeia n oece/aneeo eeoe, iaeia ia i?eaueue, iaeia ia
aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue, iaeia ia eiouanoai. Iinooieaiea yoeo iaeiaia a
1999 a. ioeaieaaaony a noiia 2858,7 iei. ?oaeae eee 63 % io iauae noiiu
aeioiaeia. Aeey n?aaiaiey: a 1998 aiaeo oaeaeueiue aan yoeo iaeiaia a
iauae noiia aeioiaeia e?ay ninoaaeo 58,7 %, a 1997 a. ninoaaee 51 %.
Oaeaeueiue aan iinooieaiey iaeiaa ia eiouanoai i?aaeeaaaaony oaaee/eoue
n 11,5 % a 1998 a. aei 14 % a 1999 a. ca n/ao oaaee/aiee noaaee
iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey.
?anoiaeu e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa e eiinieeaee?iaaiiiai athaeaeaoa ia
1999 aiae ii?aaeaeaiu enoiaey ec oaeoe/aneeo iinooieaiee ca
i?ioeue aiae e a ia?aii iieoaiaeee 1998 aiaea.
Oe?aieaiea athaeaeaoia anao o?iaiae aeanoe yaeyaony eeth/aaui aii?inii
athaeaeaoiie e yeiiiie/aneie ?aoi?iu, ai iiiaii ii?aaeaeythuei noaeueao
?inneeneiai ainoaea?noaa.
N?aaee iiiaeanoaa athaeaeaoiuo i?iaeai neaaeoao i?aaeaea anaai
auaeaeeoue aeaa:
— oi?ie?iaaiea aeioiaeia athaeaeaoia anao o?iaiae;
— aa?oeeaeueiay ianaaeaine?iaaiiinoue athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu;
Aeey ?aoaiey yoeo i?iaeai n/eoaai oeaeaniia?aciui ii?aaeaeeoue
neaaeothuea aaaeiaeoea iai?aaeaiey:
– aianoe aeiiieiaiey e Athaeaeaoiiio eiaeaeno a /anoe iooiaea io
i?aeoeee iauaai ?ani?aaeaeaiey iniiaiuo iaeiaiauo iinooieaiee iaaeaeo
anaie o?aiy athaeaeaoiuie o?iaiyie, /oi i?aaeiieaaaao i?iaaaeaiea
?aca?aie/aiey iaeiaia ii o?iaiyi aeanoe, cae?aieaiea ?yaea oae
iacuaaaiuo ?aaoee?othueo iaeiaia ca ioaeaeueiuie athaeaeaoiuie o?iaiyie
(iaeiei, aeaoiy). Iai?eia?, iinooieaiey io IAeN iiaee au
?ani?aaeaeyoueny oieueei iaaeaeo oaaea?aeueiui athaeaeaoii e athaeaeaoii
noauaeoa, a iiaeioiaeiue iaeia n ianaeaiey — iaaeaeo athaeaeaoii
noauaeoa e aai ianoiuie athaeaeaoaie. ?aaeiiaeueiue iaeia ia i?eaueue,
aa?iyoii, oeaeaniia?acii auei au inoaaeoue aeey athaeaeaoa noauaeoa, a a
aaaeaiea ianoiuo aeanoae ia?aaeaoue iaeia ia noauaeoia iaeiai
i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa. Yoi ia oieueei nouanoaaiii oe?aieo iaeiaiaue
iioaioeeae ?aaeiiaeueiuo athaeaeaoia, ii e aeano noeioe ?aaeiiaeueiui e
ianoiui i?aaiai aeanoe aeoeaii niaeaenoaiaaoue yeiiiie/aneiio ?acaeoeth
eo oa??eoi?ee.
Ana ?ano?niua ieaoaaee iaiaoiaeeii inoaaeoue a nenoaia aeioiaeia
athaeaeaoia noauaeoia. Yoi auei yeiiiie/anee e iieeoe/anee aa?ii, oae
eae eniieueciaaiea, nio?aiaiea e i?eoiiiaeaiea i?e?iaeiuo aiaaonoa
?aaeiiia – eo i?yiay caaea/a.
– i?eioeeieaeueii eciaieoue iaoaieci ?ani?aaeaeaiey o?ainoa?oia ec
Oiiaea oeiainiaie iiaeaea?aeee ?aaeiiia. Oeaeaniia?acii eniieueciaaoue
iaoiaeeeo iainiiaaiey ?acia?ia ?anoiaeia athaeaeaoia ?aaeiiia,
iicaieythuoth iaania/eaaoue anai ?aaeiiai no?aiu ?aaiua aiciiaeiinoe
nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneiai ?acaeoey. Iaaei eae iiaeii aieueoa
inaiaiaeeoue ?aaeiiu io caaeneiinoe iinooieaiey aeioiaeia a
oeaeii ii ?innee, ia?aeiaeea yoo caaeneiinoue ia aeioiaeu
eaaeaeie oa??eoi?ee e i?iaiaeeiuo ia?ii?eyoee ii nie?auaieth
?anoiaeia ia yoie aea oa??eoi?ee;
– iaania/eoue ?acoiiia ?aca?aie/aiea e caeiiiaeaoaeueiia cae?aieaiea
athaeaeaoiuo iieiiii/ee iaaeaeo anaie o?iaiyie aeanoe, enoiaey ec
iieiiii/ee, cae?aieaiiuo ca eaaeaeui o?iaiai aeanoe Eiinoeoooeeae
?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee e oaaea?aeueiui caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii. I?e yoii,
ia?aaea/a ia ?aaeiiaeueiue o?iaaiue eniieiaiey ioaeaeueiuo
ainoaea?noaaiiuo iieiiii/ee aeieaeia nii?iaiaeaeaoueny ia?aaea/ae
niioaaonoaothueo oeiainiauo n?aaenoa eee enoi/ieeia aeioiaeiuo
iinooieaiee ec oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa.
– caeiiiaeaoaeueii onoaiiaeoue ia oaaea?aeueiii o?iaia i?aaeaeueii
aeiionoeiue aeaoeoeeo ?aaeiiaeueiiai athaeaeaoa, eioi?ue ia aeieaeai
i?aauoaoue oeene?iaaiiie aaee/eiu, en/eneyaiie a i?ioeaioao.
Ooaa?aeaeaiiue i?aaeaeueii aeiionoeiue aeaoeoeeo iieiinoueth iaania/eoue
aeioiaeiuie enoi/ieeaie ec oaaea?aeueiiai athaeaeaoa – iiauoaiiuie
ii?iaoeaaie ?aaoee?othueo iaeiaia e ia?a/eneaieyie ec oiiaea oeiainiaie
iiaeaea?aeee ?aaeiiia.
– aianoe neaaeothuea eciaiaiey a Iaeiaiaue eiaeaen:
I?aaeinoaaeoue i?aai i?aaiai ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey aaiaeeoue
“Ioieoeeiaeueiue iaeia” a ?acia?a aei 3 i?ioeaioia io oiiaea iieaou
o?oaea.
Ii?aaeaeeoue e caeiiiaeaoaeueii cae?aieoue onoie/eaue aeie ?aaeiiaeueiuo
iaeiaia e nai?ia, iinooiathueo iai?yioth a ?aaeiiaeueiua athaeaeaou,
iaania/ea oaeaeueiue aan nianoaaiiuo e cae?aieaiiuo aeioiaeia ia iaiaa
70 % io iauaiia athaeaeaoa.
I?aaeoniio?aoue aiciiaeiinoue aaaaeaiey einoeoooa ?aaeiiaeueiie
iaeiaiaie einiaeoeee, ioaaonoaaiiie ca nai? ?aaeiiaeueiuo e ianoiuo
iaeiaia e aaaeouae eioi?iaoeeiiioth aaco aeaiiuo ii iaeiaiaui ieaoaaeai
a athaeaeao noauaeoa.
Cae?aieoue 50% oaiiaeaiiuo iioeei a aeioiaeao athaeaeaoia iia?aie/iuo
oa??eoi?ee. Oai naiui aoaeao oneeaii acaeiiaeaenoaea ?aaeiiaeueiuo
i?aaiia aeanoe n oaiiaeaiiuie i?aaiaie.
– iaania/eoue ia oaaea?aeueiii e ?aaeiiaeueiii o?iaia eiiieaen ia? ii
iiauoaieth niae?aaiinoe iaeiaia. A yoeo oeaeyo iaiaoiaeeia /aoeay
eii?aeeiaoeey ?aaiou anao oeneaeueiuo i?aaiia.
– nicaeaiea oneiaee aeey ii?iaeueiie ?aaiou anao oicyenoaothueo
noauaeoia. Caeanue iiae?acoiaaaaony iaee/ea nenoaiu aeaenoaaiiuo
iaeiaiauo eueaio, aiciiaeiinoue eniieueciaaoue a iai?ioa ?ano?nu aaieia
ii ?acoiiui i?ioeaioai, oii?yaei/aiea oa?eoia ia yia?aiiineoaee e
aeaeaciiaei?iaeiue o?ainii?o
– ?ano?oeoo?ece?iaaoue e?aaeeoi?neoth caaeieaeaiiinoue anao
athaeaeaoia. Nienaoue ana i?ioeaiou, ia/eneaiiua ca
ianaiaa?aiaiioth oieaoo e i?ioeaiou ca iieo/aiiua e?aaeeou.
Inoaaeoue /enooth e?aaeeoi?neoth caaeieaeaiiinoue e i?aaeinoaaeoue
ion?i/eo e ?ann?i/eo aa iiaaoaiey;
– iaania/eoue naiaa?aiaiiia iinooieaiea aeioiaeia a
athaeaeao iaee/iuie n?aaenoaaie. Aeey yoiai aianoa n
Oeaio?aeueiui aaieii ?O iaiaoiaeeii ia?aciaaoue enoi/ieee
e?aaeeoiaaiey iai?ioiuo n?aaenoa ii aeinooiiui i?ioeaioai,
eniieuecoy aeey yoiai ?acee/iiai ?iaea caaiiua n?aaenoaa.
Nicaeaoue aiaathaeaeaoiue oiiae e?aaeeoiaaiey ca n/ao nianoaaiiuo
n?aaenoa i?aaei?eyoee e i?aaiecaoeee, a oii /enea e ca n/ao
n?aaenoa io nieaeaiey iaeiaiaiai a?aiaie i?aaei?eyoee;
– oneeeoue eiio?ieue ca aeaiaaeiui ia?auaieai, iniaaiii ca
iaee/iuie n?aaenoaaie. Cai?aoeoue ioe?uoea n/aoia ca a?aieoeae.
Ana n/aoa aeieaeiu auoue ioe?uou ii ianoo ?aniieiaeaiey
th?eaee/aneeo e oece/aneeo eeoe e a iaeiii aaiea. Ana iia?aoeee
i?iaiaeeoue iaee/iuie /a?ac ?an/aoiua n/aoa, onoaiiaea eeieo
eanniaie iaee/iinoe. Eiio?ieue e i?aaiecaoeeth yoie ?aaiou
aiceiaeeoue ia Oeaio?aeueiue aaie ?O;
i?eiyoue ia?u ii nie?auaieth athaeaeaoiuo ?anoiaeia e a oiaea
a?aiy i?eaea/ue e oeiaine?iaaieth aiaathaeaeaoiua enoi/ieee.
Iaiaoiaeeii ii?aaeaeeoueny e a aii?inao ieaoiiai ia?aciaaiey e
ieaoiiai i?aaeinoaaeaiey iaaeeoeeineeo e ae?oaeo oneoa, nioeeaeueiie
iiiiue, iao iaaeiaiinoe niaea?aeaoue ca n/ao athaeaeaoa anth
nenoaio i?ioanneiiaeueiiai ia?aciaaiey.
Iaiaoiaeeii i?eaanoe a niioaaonoaea n Athaeaeaoiui Eiaeaenii caeii
Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay “Ia iniiaao athaeaeaoiiai ono?ienoaa e athaeaeaoiiai
i?ioeanna a Oaaa?ianeii e?aa”.
?ac?aaioea e iineaaeiaaoaeueiay ?aaeecaoeey ia?, iai?aaeaiiuo ia
oaaee/aiea aeioiaeia athaeaeaoa e nie?auaiea aai ?anoiaeia,
?aaoee?iaaiea athaeaeaoiiai aeaoeoeeoa, oeaeaiai?aaeaiiia oi?aaeaiea aai
?acia?ai a niaieoiiinoe n ae?oaeie yeiiiie/aneeie aioee?eceniuie ia?aie,
iicaieyo noaaeeece?iaaoue oeiainiaia iieiaeaiea iaoae no?aiu.
I?e oaeii iiaeoiaea oaaea?aeueiii e ?aaeiiaeueiii o?iaiyo e yeiiiieea
anaai ia?iaeiioicyenoaaiiiai eiiieaena, naaeaine?iaaiiinoe athaeaeaoia,
au?aaioee /aoeie no?aoaaee iino?iaiey nenoaiu aeioiaeia, ana ?aaeiiu
aoaeoo eiaoue ?aaiua aiciiaeiinoe ii ?acaeoeth, ii eaieoaeueiui
aeiaeaieyi aeey ?aoaiey ?aaeiiaeueiuo i?iaeai.
NIENIE ENIIEUeCIAAIIIE EEOA?AOO?U:
1. Ia iniiaao athaeaeaoiiai ono?ienoaa e athaeaeaoiiai i?ioeanna ?NON?:
Caeii ?NON? io 10.10.91 a. N 1734-1
2. Ia iniiaao athaeaeaoiuo i?aa e i?aa ii oi?ie?iaaieth e
eniieueciaaieth aiaathaeaeaoiuo oiiaeia i?aaenoaaeoaeueiuo e
eniieieoaeueiuo i?aaiia ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe ?anioaeee a ninoaaa ?O,
aaoiiiiiie iaeanoe, aaoiiiiiuo ie?oaia, e?aaa, iaeanoae, ai?iaeia Iineau
e Naieo-Iaoa?ao?aa, i?aaiao ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey: Caeii ?O io
15.04.93 a. N 4807-1
3. Ia iniiaao athaeaeaoiiai ono?ienoaa e athaeaeaoiiai i?ioeanna a
Oaaa?ianeii e?aa: Caeii Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay io 01.10.96 a. ? 202.
4. I oeiainiauo iniiaao ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey a ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee: Caeii ?O io 25.09.97 a. N 123-OC
5. Oeac I?aceaeaioa ?inneeneie oaaea?aoeee “ I ia?ao ii icaei?iaeaieth
ainoaea?noaaiiuo oeiainia” io 11.12.97 a. ? 1278
6. Athaeaeaoiue eiaeaen ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee: Caeii ?O io 31.07.98 a.
? 145-OC
7. Iaeiaiaue eiaeaen ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee: Caeii ?O io 31.07.98 a. ?
146-OC
8. Io/ao ia eniieiaiee e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay ca 1995
aiae.
9. Io/ao ia eniieiaiee e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay ca 1996
aiae.
10. Io/ao ia eniieiaiee e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay ca 1997
aiae.
11. Iaoa?eaeu eieeaaee “Ia eoiaao eniieiaiey e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa e
athaeaeaoa Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay ca 1995 aiae “.
12. Iaoa?eaeu eieeaaee “Ia eoiaao eniieiaiey e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa e
athaeaeaoa Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay ca 1996 aiae“.
13. Iaoa?eaeu eieeaaee “Ia eoiaao eniieiaiey e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa e
athaeaeaoa Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay ca 1997 aiae”.
14. Iaoiaeeea ?an/aoa noii oeiainiaie iiiiue ( o?anoa?oia) ec
oaaea?aeueiiai oiiaea oeiainiaie iiaeaea?aeee ?aaeiiia a 1997 – 1998
aiaeao. Ieienoa?noai Oeiainia ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee , 1997 aiae.
15. Iiynieoaeueiay caienea ia Aeoio Aaeieieno?aoeee Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay e
i?iaeoo eiinieeaee?iaaiiiai athaeaeaoa e e?aaaiai athaeaeaoa
Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay ia 1999 aiae.
16. Aa?aiiaa E.A. Athaeaeaoiue i?ioeann. I.: Ia?niaeoeaa .1998.
17. Ai?aaeyae A., Iiaeii?eia E. Athaeaeaoiue e?ecen e iooe aai
i?aiaeieaiey // ?inneeneee yeiiiie/aneee aeo?iae 1996. N 10 .
18. Eaoaeei A.A. Noaiiaeaiea e ?acaeoea athaeaeaoiiai oaaea?aeecia a
?innee// Oeiainu 1995 . N 9.
19. E?oiiia N.A. Athaeaeaoiue oaaea?aeeci e athaeaeaoiue aeaoeoeeo. //
Oeiainu 1996. ?4
Eaaei A.I. Iaeiaiaay ?aoi?ia – oa??eoi?eaeueiue aniaeo // Oeiainu
1997.
? 7.
21. Eueaia I.A., O?oiia N.A. Ianoiua oeiainu e oi?ie?iaaiea athaeaeaoia
ioieoeeiaeueiuo ia?aciaaiee //Oeiainu 1997 ? 8.
22. I?iieia E.E Caeiiiaeaoaeueiay iniiaa ianoiuo oeiainia // Oeiainu
1997. ?5.
23. Iao?ia A.A. Niaa?oainoaiaaiea iaoaiecia iaaeathaeaeaoiuo ioiioaiee
// Oeiainu 1995. N 9.
?aaeiiae/ A.E. Ainoaea?noaaiiue athaeaeao NNN? // Oeiainu e noaoenoeea,
1988.
25. ?anneacia A.A. *oi aeaao iiaue iaeiaiaue eiaeaen ?aaeiiai // Oeiainu
1997. ? 10.
26. ?iaeeiiiaa A.I. Oeiainu .I.: Oeiainu e noaoenoeea, 1995 .
27. ?iaeeiiiaa A.I. I?iaeaiu niaa?oainoaiaaiey athaeaeaoiiai
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa ?O// Oeiainu 1997. N 4.
28. Naaeeia A.A., A?eieaae/ E.N Iaaeathaeaeaoiua ioiioaiey e
iaoiaee/aneea iniiau ii?aaeaeaiey ?acia?ia ?aaeiiaeueiuo athaeaeaoia //
Oeiainu 1997. ? 7.
Oiaei?iae/ I.E. I?iaeaiu iaaeathaeaeaoiuo ioiioaiee a ?O// Oeiainu 1995.
? 10.
29. Oo?naae/ N.I. Athaeaeaoiue oaaea?aeeci e athaeaeaoiue aeaoeoeeo//
Oeiainu 1996 . N 4.
30. Oeoeei A.A., Caoa?ia I.A. Athaeaeaoiua i?iaeaiu a oaaea?aoeaiii
ainoaea?noaa: iienee ?aoaiey//Oeiainu 1997 . ? 4.
Eeno
PAGE 3
Athaeaeaoiue i?ioeann a oneiaeyo ia?aoiaea e ?uii/iui
ioiioaieyi ia i?eia?a Oaaa?ianeiai e?ay
OAOO.060400.970056. IC
Нашли опечатку? Выделите и нажмите CTRL+Enter
