Ieineee ainoaea?noaaiiue eeiaaenoe/aneee oieaa?neoao
Eaoaae?a yeiiiieee
Athaeaeaoiay iieeoeea a ?anioaeeea Aaea?onue
(Aeieeaae)
Oiie/ Aeaenae Aeaenaiae?iae/
A?oiia 301 o-oa aiaeeeneiai ycuea
Ieine, 2001 a.
Athaeaeaoiay iieeoeea a ?anioaeeea Aaea?onue
Athaeaeao 1999a
E ethith 1999 aiaea yeiiiieea iaoiaeeeanue a neooaoeee naaeaine?iaaiey
naieo ia?aiao?ia — a oneiaeyo oiaiueoaiey ni?ina ia aaei?onneii e
aiaoiai ?uieao. A oeaio?a aieiaiey iaoiaeeeenue aii?inu naeueneiai
oicyenoaa, oioy aiaoiaiieeoe/aneay neooaoeey neacaeanue ia naiiiuouaiee
aaei?onneeo eeaea?ia.
Aaaeiaeoea iai?aaeaiey aeayoaeueiinoe:
iienee iooae inouanoaeaiey aioeeioeyoeeiiiie iieeoeee
aaethoiia ?aaoee?iaaiea
aiaoiayeiiiie/aneay aeayoaeueiinoue
Aaei?onneay yeiiiieea n ia/aea aiaea oae e ia niiaea nieceoue oaiiu
eioeyoeee. Iaeiia?aiaiii oiaiueoaeenue e iauaiu aiaoiae oi?aiaee,
iniaaiii n ?inneae.
E na?aaeeia ethiy noaee ecaanoiu e ieii/aoaeueiua ?acoeueoaou auiieiaiey
ainoaea?noaaiiiai athaeaeaoa ca 1998 aiae. Iaeaieaa aaaeiua ?aoaiey
i?aeoe/aneie iieeoeee a aiaeece?oaiue ia?eiae auee naycaiu n
inouanoaeaieai aaeieieno?aoeaiiai oeaiiaiai eiio?iey (ecaeai
niaoeeaeueiue aeae?ao i?aceaeaioa).
N ia/aea ethiy aaaaeai cai?ao ia eiii?o ?yaea i?iaeoeoia ieoaiey ec
no?ai AN (aeeieneiiaay i?iaeaia).
Aaeaioaoeey i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiie iieeoeee a ?aieao nicaeaiey ciiu
naiaiaeiie oi?aiaee a NIA.
Noa?a i?iaaaeaiey iiiaoa?iie iieeoeee.
Iaaei neacaoue, /oi aeaeaoue ioeaiee iae?iyeiiiie/aneeo ia?aiao?ia
athaeaeaoa, eae e anae yeiiiieee aeinoaoi/ii neiaeii. O?iaaiue eioeyoeee
aue caauoai (283%), i?aeoe/anee i?ienoiaeeea niiioaiiay aeaaaeueaaoeey
aaei?onneiai ?oaey, eioi?ay iieacaea neaainoue i?iaiaeeiie iiiaoa?iie
iieeoeee. A oneiaeyo ianoaaeeueiinoe aeaiaaeiie nenoaiu athaeaeaoiay
iieeoeea ia iiaea auoue onoie/eaie e iaaeaaeiie. I?aeoe/anee iiaeii
aanoe ?a/ue i ?aciinei?inoiie aeeiaieea oeai e athaeaeaoiuo aeioiaeia.
Eiaiii aeioiaeu oa?yee iinoiyiii a naiai ?aaeueiii au?aaeaiee. Eioeyoeey
i?eaiaeeea e iinoiyiiui eneaaeaieyi oeai e oa?eoia, iaeiaiaua
iinooieaiey aeeth/aee a naay e eioeyoeeiiiue iaeia, /oi iaeuecy
i?eciaoue ii?iaeueiui aeey anae athaeaeaoiie iieeoeee no?aiu.
A neeo aua?aiiie oi?ioeu anae yeiiiie/aneie iieeoeee, eiaaea a oa/aiea
1998 aiaea i?iecioei 2-o e?aoiia oaaee/aiea aeaiaaeiie iannu, a Aaea?one
ia nouanoaoao i?iaeaiu n iaiieiaieai athaeaeaoa. Yooaeo Oaioee
niinianoaoao oiio, /oi iiieiaeueii athaeaeao aoaeao auiieiyoueny i?e
aunieii o?iaia eioeyoeee. Aii?in a oii, /oi iioa?e iieo/aoaeae
athaeaeaoiuo aeaiaa aoaeoo niioaaonoaiaaoue o?iaith eioeyoeee. Iiieiay
yoi, i?aaeoaeuenoai inouanoaeyao ei??aeoe?iaee aeioiaeiie e ?anoiaeiie
/anoe, /oi n/eoaaony “ooi/iaiiuie iacia/aieyie”.
?acii/oaiea ia?aiao?ia ooaa?aeaeaiiiai athaeaeaoa e aai aeaoee?iaaiiuo
ia?aiao?ia naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i iiiuoeao aaeaioaoeee e o?iaith eioeyoeee.
Oae, a athaeaeaoa (ia?aiia/aeueiue, enoiaeiue aa?eaio) auee ooaa?aeaeaiu
iieacaoaee oaeoueo aeioiaeia a noiia 83,5 o?ei. ?.. Eioeyoeey i?eaaea e
oiio, /oi i?eoeinue oaaee/eaaoue aeaiiue iieacaoaeue aei o?iaiy 106,7
o?eeeeiiia. ?aaeueiia eniieiaiea ninoaaeei 112,56. Athaeaeaoiay iieeoeea
noaea ii nouanoao caeiaeieoeae iiiaoa?iie iieeoeee e aunieie eioeyoeee.
?acieoea ninoaaeyao 29 o?eeeeiiia. Eiaiii yoio iieacaoaeue e
naeaeaoaeuenoaoao ia eioeyoeeiiiie ninoaaeythuae oeneaeueiie iieeoeee.
Iaeiaei, iauee o?iaaiue eioeyoeee aue ai?acaei auoa, /oi
naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i “?aoa?aeiuo” ?aaeoeeyo athaeaeaoiie iieeoeee.
?aciua nei?inoe ?inoa noieiinoe AAI e aeioiaeia aeiiaoieo oicyenoa e
i?aaei?eyoee i?eaaee e oiio, /oi eioeyoeeiiiua i?ioeannu aucaaee
oiaiueoaiea o?iaiy aeioiaeiinoe iaoeo oicyenoaaiiuo noauaeoia. Oae,
i?aaei?eyoey ia niiaee iaania/eoue iinooieaiee oeene?iaaiiie noiiu
iaeiaa ia i?eaueue: aianoi 152,9 ieeeea?aeia iinooieei ?aaeueii anaai
98,7. Aeeaea e ooi/iaiiui iieacaoaeyi ieacaeny iaeia ia i?eaueue 19,88
o?ei. ?oa.. I?aeoe/anee oaeie aeioiaeiue iieacaoaeue eae oeene?iaaiiue
iaeia ia i?eaueue ia ea?aao yeiiiie/aneie ?iee aeey anae athaeaeaoiie
iieeoeee, oae eae ii ninoaaeyao 0,087%. Io iaai aiiaua iiaeii
ioeacaoueny.
A oeaeii a athaeaeaoioth noa?o ?anioaeeee iiiaaeaao ieiei 25% AAI, /oi a
aeaa n iieiaeiie ?aca aieueoa, /ai a ?innee. Iaeiaiaay iaa?ocea a
Aaea?one cia/eoaeueii auoa, /ai o iaoaai ia?oia?a ii niae?oaeanoao, oioy
iaa no?aiu no?aiyony noi?ie?iaaoue aaeeiia yeiiiie/aneia i?ino?ainoai e
aaeeiue athaeaeao. Aeaiiua ii auiieiaieth athaeaeaoa 1998 aiaea
naeaeaoaeuenoaotho e i oii, /oi io/eneaiey a nithciue athaeaeao auee a
?acia?a 871 ieeeea?aea aaei?onneeo ?oaeae i?e iaia?aieyo aianoe 1,1
o?eeeeiia ?oaeae. “Iaaeiaianaiea” naycaii n ?aaeueiie neooaoeeae a
eioaa?aoeee aeaoo no?ai, eioi?ay eaeao a iieeoe/aneie ae?ooaeenoeea.
Iaaei neacaoue, /oi a aaei?onneie yeiiiie/aneie i?aeoeea ionoonoaoao eae
e?eoe/aneay i?iaeaia nai?a iaeiaia, /oi eiaao ianoi a ?innee. Ii yoie
i?e/eia oaea a ia?aii eaa?oaea 1999 aiaea no?aia eiaao i?ioeoeeoiue
athaeaeao. Yoi, enoaoe, ia i?iaiice?iaaeinue i?aaeoaeuenoaii. Nauoa 10
o?eeeeiiia ?oaeae i?aauoaiey aeioiaeia iaae ?anoiaeaie a cia/eoaeueiie
noaiaie yaeythony neaaenoaeai eioeyoeee, /oi iaeuecy n/eoaoue iiceoeaiui
yaeaieai a iaoae oeneaeueiie iieeoeea.
Aeioiaeu
Iniaia cia/aiea eiaao oa?aeoa?enoeea aeioiaeia athaeaeaoa. A no?oeoo?a
iinooieaiee naiui aaniiui yaeyaony iaeia ia aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue.
Aeoeecu e iaeia ia i?eaueue i?eia?ii ?aaiu (eaaeaeue ninoaaeye i?eia?ii
20 o?ei.). Nouanoaaiioth /anoue ninoaaeytho aeioiaeu io aiaoiae oi?aiaee
e aiaoiayeiiiie/aneeo iia?aoeee (15,2 o?ei.) I?e aunieie noaiaie
yoaoecaoeee, iaeiaei, ainoaea?noaaiiia i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoai oaaee/eei
aeioiaeu athaeaeaoa anaai ia 1,12 o?ei.
Aaei?onneia ainoaea?noai ioee/aaony aunieei o?iaiai oo?aoiuo naieoeee,
eioi?ua ninoaaeee 2,5 o?eeeeiia ?oaeae. Aaeaa ee iiaeii n/eoaoue yoi
caneoaie a aeaea oi?ie?iaaiey ii?iaeueiie ?uii/iie n?aaeu e
niioaaonoaothueo “i?aaee ea?u”. Ca?aaoee?iaaiiinoue yeiiiie/aneie aeecie
i?iniao?eaaaony e a iaee/ee aieueoeo ecuyoee a oi?ia aaeieieno?aoeaiuo
nai?ia e ieaoaaeae (1,5 o?ei.). *oi eanaaony iinooieaiee a
ainoaea?noaaiiua oeaeaaua athaeaeaoiua oiiaeu, oi iie yaeythony
cia/eoaeueiie iaa?oceie aeey aaei?onneeo iaeiaiieaoaeueueeia, oae eae a
eo iieueco auei ecuyoi 18,7 o?ei. ?oaeae. Naia no?oeoo?a iinooieaiee ia
niioaaonoaoao ?aaeueiiio cia/aieth eaaeaeiai oiiaea. Aanueia o?oaeii
i?eciaoue aeinoaoi/iuie iinooieaiey a oiiae “Yia?ainaa?aaeaiey” noii a
aeaa ?aca ieaea ?an/aoiuo. N ae?oaie noi?iiu, 45 ieeeea?aeia ?oaeae yaii
iaei aeey inouanoaeaiey no?aoaae/anee aaaeiie aeey ?anioaeeee caaea/e
nicaeaiey aieaa yooaeoeaiuo nenoai ?anoiaeiaaiey yia?ai?ano?nia.
Iaeuecy n/eoaoue yooaeoeaiuie e aeaenoaey ii ?aaeecaoeee nianoaaiiinoe e
/anoe ainoaea?noaaiiiai aeoeeiia?iiai eaieoaea, eioi?ua oaaee/eee
aeioiaeioth /anoue athaeaeaoa anaai ia 57 ie?ae. ?oaeae. Ii ia?aiao?ai
ooaa?aeaeaiiiai athaeaeaoa i?aaeiieaaaeinue, /oi yoe iinooieaiey
aeieaeiu auee ninoaaeoue 500 ie?ae. ?oaeae. No?aia iiea aua ia iiaeao
iaeoe ioaeioth oi?ioeo ia?aaea/e ainoaea?noaaiiie nianoaaiiinoe aieaa
yooaeoeaiiio eiaanoi?o.
?anoiaeu
Eioa?ania e neooaoeey a noa?a ?anoiaeiaaiey athaeaeaoiuo n?aaenoa. Ia
yoio n/ao aaei?onneay i?aeoeea a i?ioeii aiaeo aeaiiino?e?iaaea
neaaeothuea niaoeeoe/aneea iniaaiiinoe. Ai-ia?auo, naiua cao?aoiua /anoe
athaeaeaoa – yoi “eeeaeaeaoeey iineaaenoaee /?acau/aeiuo neooaoeee e
noeoeeiuo aaaenoaee” (13 o?ei.) e “i?i/ea ?anoiaeu” (27,6 o?ei. ?oaeae).
Ia?iaiinoue athaeaeaoiie iieeoeee caiaoia e a oii, /oi oeiainiaay
iiiiuue athaeaeaoai ae?oaeo o?iaiae i?aaeiieaaaao iaoeaeaiiinoue ia
“iiaea?iua” iaoiaeu oeneaeueiie iieeoeee e iaee/ea cia/eoaeueiiai
noauaeoeaecia a eniieueciaaiee iaeiaia. Yoa neooaoeey yaii iiauoaao
“cia/eoaeueiinoue” e “iiiaicia/eoaeueiinoue” eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe,
aeaeaao i?aeoe/anee aaneiio?ieueiui eniieueciaaiea ainoaea?noaaiiuo
aeaiaa. Eoi e eae ?aoaao, a iieueco eiai ia?a?ani?aaeaeythony aeaiueae
aeey iiiiue ae?oaei athaeaeaoai. A ii?iaeueiii iauanoaa oaeea i?ioeannu
auee au ieieiece?iaaiu. O ian aea iieo/aaony, /oi naiua aieueoea iauaiu
n?aaenoa eniieuecothony yaii aia yooaeoeaiiai ia?eaiaioneiai eiio?iey.
Eniieieoaeueiay aeanoue aeiieie?oao a yoie noa?a e ai?ueaa aeieaeia
eaeoe ca ia?aniio? aeaiiie iiceoeee.
Enoaoe, ii auiieiaieth athaeaeaoiie noaouee “?aca?aiue oiiae
I?aceaeaioa” iao aeaiiuo, /oi yaii ia niioaaonoaoao ?aaeueiie
yeiiiie/aneie ninoaaeythuae i?aceaeaioneie i?aeoeee ii iiaeaea?aeaieth
oao eee eiuo i?iaeoia, ?aaeiiia, i?ia?aii e ia?ii?eyoee. Aaeaa ee yoi
iiaeii n/eoaoue ii?iaeueiui naaiaeiy, a oai aieaa a n?aaeian?i/iie
ia?niaeoeaa.
I?e oa?aeoa?enoeea cao?ao aaei?onneiai ?oeiaiaenoaa ia i?aaeioa?auaiea
oa?ic iaoeeiiaeueiie e aioo?aiiae aaciianiinoe iniaia aieiaiea neaaeoao
oaeaeeoue ?anoiaeai neeiauo no?oeoo?. A niioaaonoaea n ooaa?aeaeaiiui
athaeaeaoii ia iaoeeiiaeueioth iai?iio (aiaoiea oa?icu) iauea ?anoiaeu
ieaie?iaaeinue inouanoaeoue ia iauoth noiio a 6,09 o?eeeeiiia ?oaeae. N
o/aoii ooi/iaiey athaeaeaoiuo ?anoiaeia yoa noiia ninoaaeea 7,49 o?ei.
Cao?aou ia i?aaeioa?auaiea aioo?aiieo oa?ic ii eoiaai aiaea auee a noiia
10,85 o?ei. Iiiyoii, /oi i?aaiio?aieoaeueiay aeayoaeueiinoue,
i?ieo?aoo?a, oaiiaeiy e ae?oaea einoeooou aaaeiu aeey anae
ainoaea?noaaiiie iieeoeee, ii oeiaine?iaaiea yoie /anoe ?anoiaeia iiaeii
n/eoaoue caauoaiiui a niioaaonoaea n ioeaieie ?aaeueiie neooaoeee a
aaiiieeoe/aneii i?ino?ainoaa, eciaiaieyie a ie?iaii ii?yaeea. Aieaa
oiai, ?anoe?aiea IAOI e i?eaeeaeaiea aai e a?aieoeai Aaea?one aeieaeii
eciaieoue iaoa ioiioaiea e iioaioeeaeueiui e ?aaeueiui aiaoiei oa?icai.
“?aaecey” iaiaoiaeeiinoe e aeinoaoi/iinoe ?anoiaeia ia aioo?aiithth e
aiaoithth aaciianiinoue iaiaoiaeeia eae aeey i?aaeoaeuenoaa, oae e aeey
ia?eaiaioa. ?aoeeiiaeecaoeey oaeeo ?anoiaeia iaiaoiaeeia e ii i?e/eia
iiauoaiey yooaeoeaiinoe cao?ao ia iai?iiiua oeaee. A yoie nayce aaaeii
iainiiaaoue ?acia?u e i?iii?oeee aiaiiiai athaeaeaoa a niioaaonoaee n
eiioeaioeeae iaoeeiiaeueiie aaciianiinoe e aiaiiie aeieo?eiie.
Iiiaoa?iay iieeoeea
Neooaoeey a noa?a aeaiaaeiie iieeoeee a Aaea?one aucuaaao iniaoth
icaai/aiiinoue ?oeiaiaenoaa ?anioaeeee. ?a/ue eaeao a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue
i aeaaa ainoaea?noaa, eioi?ue i?aeoe/anee ia?aaae ia naay iniiaiua
?aoaiey a aeaiiie noa?a. Iaoeeiiaeueiue Aaie i?aeoe/anee yaeyaony
“aeiiaoiei” e “ea?iaiiui”, oae eae, ii iiaieth i?aceaeaioa, ii ?aaioaao
oieueei eae aooaaeoa?ey, eanna. Yoe aicc?aiey e yaeythony “iio-oao”
iiiaoa?iie iieeoeee a no?aia. Iai?ioiie noi?iiie oaeie iaaeaee yaeyaony
naiay aunieay eioeyoeey n?aaee anao no?ai NIA, eioi?ay ca 4 ianyoea
ninoaaeea ieiei 60%.
E eaoo yoiai aiaea ia?aae aaei?onneeie iieeneiaeea?aie ana aieaa
ianoiyoaeueiie noaiiaeony caaea/a eciaiaiey iaoiaeia iiiaoa?iie
iieeoeee, /oi naeaeaoue aoaeao ia oae i?inoi. Iniiaiie i?iaeaiie
yaeyaony iieeoe/aneay aiey e i?eciaiea aania?niaeoeaiinoe naiuei?aaea.
I?eaioaoeey ia e?aoein?i/iua oeaee caaiiyao aaei?onneia ?oeiaiaenoai a
oaie e canoaaeyao auoue caeiaeieeaie naiae iayooaeoeaiie iiiaoa?iie
iieeoeee. Aianoa n oai i?ioanneiiaeueiia ioiioaiea e aeaiaaeiie e
aaethoiie iieeoeea i?aaeii?aaeaeyao oi?ioee?iaaiea aieaa yooaeoeaiie
iiaeaee iiiaoa?iie iieeoeee, nooue eioi?ie iiaeao auoue i?aaenoaaeaia a
noaia “aaethoiiai eiieoaoa”.
I?aaeiieaaaeinue, /oi “aaethoiue eiieoao” aeieaeai no?aieoueny e
neaaeothuei oeaeyi:
Aeaaaeueaaoeey aaei?onneiai ?oaey.
Eeeaeaeaoeey iiiaeanoaaiiinoe iaiaiiuo eo?nia.
?aaiiaaniia onoaiiaeaiea iauaeoeae?iaaiiiai ?uii/iiai iaiaiiiai eo?na.
I?iaaaeaiea aeoeaiie oacu ni aoi?ie iieiaeiu 1999 aiaea, ii oaaai a
niioaaonoaea n ?aaeueiui iieiaeaieai ia aaethoiii ?uiea.
Neieuecyuay oeenaoeey iaiaiiiai eo?na.
I?iaeaaea /anoe ainoaea?noaaiiie nianoaaiiinoe .
Niioaaonoaothuay yienney iiae iieo/aiioth ca nianoaaiiinoue aaethoo.
Ia?aciaaiea aeinoaoi/iuo aaethoiuo ?aca?aia a noiia 600-800 ieeeeiiia
aeieea?ia NOA a oa/aiea 1999 aiaea e a ia?aie iieiaeia 2000 aiaea.
I?aaeeaaaaiue aa?eaio aaethoiiai eiieoaoa neaaeoao i?aaenoaaeoue eae
ia?aoiaeioth iiaeaeue ii oie i?inoie i?e/eia, /oi aeaiaaeiie ?aoi?iu a
Aaea?one a iieiii niunea yoiai cia/aiey i?aeoe/anee ia auei. N ae?oaie
noi?iiu, Iaoeeiiaeueiue Aaie no?aiu ia iiaeao inouanoaeyoue
naiinoiyoaeueioth e iacaaeneioth iiiaoa?ioth iieeoeeo. I?aaeoaeuenoai
“caoaaoeei” yoio einoeooo e aieueoaaenoneeie iaoiaeaie eniieuecoao aai a
naieo oeaeyo. Enoaoe, oieueei a i?ioeii aiaeo 1,2 o?eeeeiia i?eauee,
iieo/aiiie Iaoeeiiaeueiui Aaieii, auei ia?aaeaii i?aaeoaeuenoao. Ii
aieueoiio n/aoo iauanoai caeioa?aniaaii a oii, /oiau a no?aia auea
onoie/eaay aeaiaaeiay aaeeieoea, e i?eaueue io aeayoaeueiinoe
Oeaio?iaaiea no?aiu yaeyaony e??aoeeiiaeueiie eaoaai?eae aeey anae
iaoeeiiaeueiie aeaiaaeiie nenoaiu.
Ia?niaeoeaa auai?a iiaiai aa?eaioa aeaiaaeiie iieeoeee a cia/eoaeueiie
noaiaie caaeneo io auai?a anae yeiiiie/aneie no?aoaaee. Iaeuecy
eciaieoue iiiaoa?ioth e aaethoioth iieeoeeo, inoaaeyy iaeciaiiuie
ae?oaea yeiiiie/aneea e nioeeaeueiua einoeooou. Aianoa n oai, Aaea?one n
iaecaaaeiinoueth i?eaeaony i?iaiaeeoue eee aeaiiieiaoeeth, eee
ia?aoiaeeoue e iiaie aeaiaaeiie aaeeieoea. Yoi oieueei aii?in
iieeoe/aneie aiee, eiie?aoiie neooaoeee, eioi?ay naycaia n iauae
no?aoaaeae ?acaeoey no?aiu.
Iaoiaeieiaey “aaethoiiai eiieoaoa” aiieia i?eaieaia eae iiin?aaeiaaiiay
nooiaiue e i?iaaaeaieth iainiiaaiii aeanoeie iiiaoa?iie iieeoeee a
ia?niaeoeaa. Ii yoie i?e/eia iaia?aiey eniieueciaaoue aeaiioth
oaoiieiaeth aaethoiiai e iauaai iiiaoa?iiai ?aaoee?iaaiey iiaeii
o?aeoiaaoue eae no?aieaiea e auai?o aa?eaioa ?aoeeiiaeueiie
iae?iyeiiiie/aneie iieeoeee a oeaeii.
Eiia/ii, i?ienoiaeyuea a yeiiiie/aneie iieeoeea no?aiu iiaeaeaeee e
ii?aaeaeaiiay aeayoaeueiinoue ii iieneo iiauo iiaeaeae e oaoiieiaee
iae?iyeiiiie/aneie iieeoeee ia iiaoo n/eoaoueny neaiaeii ia/aea iiaie
yeiiiie/aneie iieeoeee, ii iaiaoiaeeiinoue i?eiyoey iiauo oi?ioe ia
i?inoi aeeeooaony aeeciueth. Anoue ana iniiaaiey iieaaaoue, /oi
niiniaiinoue aaei?onneie iaiiiiaieeaoo?u auaeeoue aoaeao i?iaa?aia
eiaiii yoie aaeaioeaiinoueth e iiaui yeiiiie/aneei e nioeeaeueiui
oneiaeyi. Oeeeeu auaatho ia oieueei yeiiiie/aneea, ii e iieeoe/aneea.
Aeaenoaiaaoue ii iaeiie e oie aea noaia aeieaia a?aiy aaeaa ee oaeanony
aaei?onneei iieeneiaeea?ai, eae au oaea/eeau iie ia auee. Aeaaea nae/an.
Ioeaiea athaeaeaoiie iieeoeee ieieno?ii oeiainia Ieeieaai Ei?aooii
Athaeaeao 1999 aiaea i?eoeinue auiieiyoue a oneiaeyo ia?aie/aiiuo
oeiainiauo aiciiaeiinoae, iaaeinoaoi/iinoe eiino?aiiuo eiaanoeoeee, ia
oiia na?ueaciuo aiaoieo oeiainiauo e?ecenia, iaaeaaiiieo/iie a oa/aiea
iineaaeieo aeaoo eao neooaoeee a naeueneii oicyenoaa.
Eoia – eiinieeaee?iaaiiue athaeaeao no?aiu auiieiai eae ii aeioiaeai,
oae e ii ?anoiaeai a iauaia aieaa iaeiiai eaaae?eeeeiia ?oaeae.
Aeaoeoeeo aai ieaea ieaie?iaaaoeony 1,7 i?ioeaioa io AAI.
Eniieiaiea athaeaeaoa: i?e aunieii o?iaia eioeyoeee oaiiu ?inoa
?anoiaeia cia/eoaeueii i?aauoaee oaiiu ?inoa aeioiaeia. Iieiinoueth
iaania/aii auiieiaiea anao nioeeaeueiuo i?ia?aii, auieaoa ca?ieao,
iainee, iiniaee. Aieaa oiai, auee ecuneaiu ?ano?nu aeey iiaaoaiey aieaa
iieiaeiu caaeieaeaiiinoe ii ca?ieaoa a aa?a?iii naeoi?a, n?aaenoaa
iai?aaeaiu a aeaea aaainia iiae au?auaiioth i?iaeoeoeeth.
Ia 1998 aiae i?eoaeny iee iiaaoaiey aiaoiaai ainaeieaa. Neooaoeeth n aai
auieaoie onoaoaeei nieaeaiea i?eia?ii ia 20 i?ioeaioia iinooieaiee
aaethou a no?aio ii n?aaiaieth n 1998 aiaeii. Oai ia iaiaa, auei
auiea/aii 129,8 ieeeeiia aeieea?ia i/a?aaeiuo ieaoaaeae, a oii /enea 66
ieeeeiiia – IAO ii e?aaeeoai, iieo/aiiui a 1992 – 1995 aiaeao. A 2000
aiaeo i?aaenoieo auieaoeoue 130 ieeeeiiia aeieea?ia aeieaa.
Iaaieueoay caaeieaeaiiinoue anoue ii iaycaoaeuenoaai i?aaei?eyoee, noiia
eioi?ie ieiei 20 ieeeeiiia aeieea?ia. Naiua e?oiiua aeieae o CAI
Aoeaio”, ii e oai iieiaeaiea oeo/oaaony. A 2000 aiaeo i?eaeaony
na?ueacii ii?aaioaoue n aeieaeieeaie aioo?e no?aiu, ca eioi?uo athaeaeao
iiaanee aeieae ia noiio 105 ieeeeiiia aeieea?ia.
A 2000 aiaeo aoaeao naeaeaia iiiuoea nie?aoeoue eiee/anoai iaeiaia:
io/eneaiey a o?e athaeaeaoiuo oeaeaauo oiiaea a ianoiua athaeaeaou
aoaeoo aiineoueny a aeaea aaeeiiai ieaoaaea. Iaeiaiaay iaa?ocea
i?aeoe/anee ia iaiyeanue, o?e aiaea iiae?yae aaee/eia aa ninoaaeyao 30,5
– 30,6 i?ioeaioa. I?aaaea, a 2000 aiaeo a nayce n iaiaoiaeeiinoueth
oaaee/aiey iiaeaea?aeee naeueoici?iecaiaeeoaeae ianeieueei aic?anooo
io/eneaiey a niioaaonoaothuea oeaeaaua athaeaeaoiua oiiaeu. Iie a
eiinieeaee?iaaiiii athaeaeaoa ninoaayo i?eia?ii 6,9 i?ioeaioa io AAI, a
oii /enea 3,9 i?ioeaioa – a ianoiue e ?anioaeeeaineea oiiaeu
iiaeaea?aeee naeueoici?iecaiaeeoaeae. Ianeieueei aieaa 10 i?ioeaioia
ninoaaeytho io/eneaiey aua a iaeei oeaio?aeeciaaiiue ainoaea?noaaiiue
oiiae – nioeeaeueiie caueou ianaeaiey.
Ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiea ainoaea?noaaiiuo n?aaenoa /a?ac athaeaeaou anao
o?iaiae e oiiae nioeeaeueiie caueou ninoaaeyao i?eia?ii iieiaeio iauaia
AAI. Yoi aeinoaoi/ii aunieee o?iaaiue iaa?ocee ia i?iecaiaeeoaeae, ii
nieceoue aa naaiaeiy iao aiciiaeiinoe. Iiiaea i?aaei?eyoey iieo/aee
iiaeaea?aeeo /a?ac ?acee/iiai ?iaea eueaiou e i?aoa?aioeee. A 2000 aiaeo
iiaeoiaeu ii i?aaenoaaeaieth eo aoaeoo oaeanoi/aoueny, aoaeao
i?ioiaeeoue ia?aoiae ia eiua oi?iu iiaeaea?aeee, a /anoiinoe – iaeiaiaua
e?aaeeou e ae?oaea iaoiaeu ?aaoee?iaaiey, /oi iicaieeo oneeeoue
ioaaonoaaiiinoue noauaeoia oicyenoaiaaiey ca yooaeoeaiia eo
eniieueciaaiea.
Athaeaeao 2000
Aeioiae = 2,6 o?eeeeiia ?oaeae
?anoiae = 2,7 o?eeeeiia ?oaeae
Aeaoeoeeo = 118 i?ae ?. (1,7 % AAI).
?anoiaeu
Athaeaeao 2000-ai aiaea aue ii?aaeaeai eae athaeaeao yeiiiiee. I?e yoii
nioeeaeueiay iai?aaeaiiinoue athaeaeaoa ia oieueei nio?aiyeanue, ii e
oneeeaaeanue. Ana ?anoiaeu athaeaeaoa ia nioeeaeueioth noa?o, a oaeaea
noaneaeee ia AEEO, ai?iaeneie o?ainii?o, eiiiainaoeeth ii aeeaaeai,
eueaiou e o. ae. ninoaaeee 63 % athaeaeaoa – 2000 i?ioea 60,9 i?ioeaioa
a i?aaeuaeouai aiaeo.
I?aaeiieaaaeinue, /oi a oeaeyo naeeaeaiey o?iaiy iieaou o?oaea caiyouo
a athaeaeaoiie e i?iecaiaenoaaiiie noa?ao oaiiu ?inoa anneaiiaaiee ia
iieaoo o?oaea athaeaeaoieeai aoaeoo a o?e ?aca auoa, /ai ?ino ?anoiaeia
athaeaeaoa a oeaeii. A 2000 aiaeo /a?ac athaeaeao aeieaeiu auee eaeoe
ana yienneiiiua n?aaenoaa Iaoeaaiea – 76 ieeeea?aeia ?oaeae, a oii /enea
64 ieeeea?aea – ia e?aaeeoiaaiea no?ieoaeuenoaa aeeeuey,
9 – ia iiaaoaiea aeaoeoeeoa athaeaeaoa,
3 – ia auieaoo eiiiainaoeee ii aeeaaeai ianaeaiey.
A ?anoiaeiie /anoe athaeaeaoa nio?aiyeenue i?aaeiea ?anoiaeu ia
cae?aaiio?aiaiea, ia?aciaaiea, eiua nioeeaeueiua oeaee. Ca n/ao anao
enoi/ieeia cia/eoaeueii oaaee/eaaeenue ?anoiaeu ia iiaeaea?aeeo
naeueneiai oicyenoaa. Anee a 1999 aiaeo ia yoe oeaee auei cao?a/aii 120
o?eeeeiiia ?oaeae, oi a 2000 aiaeo auei caieaie?iaaii 360 ie?ae.
Iniiaiie ?ino iaania/eaaeny ca n/ao oaaee/aiey io/eneaiee a
?anioaeeeaineee oiiae iiaeaea?aeee naeueoici?iecaiaeeoaeae n 1 aei 1,5
i?ioeaioa. Iaiyeenue oaeaea iiaeoiaeu e iiaeaea?aeea
naeueoici?iecaiaeeoaeae, iia, /a?ac iaaeaaaee e oeaiai ia i?iaeoeoeeth,
noaiiaeeanue aieaa aae?aniie.
Aeaaiua oeaee ?acaeoey no?aiu:
aeinoeaeaiea i?iaeiaieuenoaaiiie aaciianiinoe,
aeeeeuiia no?ieoaeuenoai,
?acaeoea yenii?oa,
aeinoeaeaiea oeiainiaie noaaeeecaoeee,
nieaeaiea eioeyoeee,
iaania/aiea aieaa aunieeo oaiiia iiauoaiey ca?ieaou a athaeaeaoiie noa?a
ii n?aaiaieth n ?aaeueiui naeoi?ii yeiiiieee.
Ia nioeeaeueiua ioaeaeu i?aaeiieaaaeinue iai?aaeoue 62,8 i?ioeaioa
anaai athaeaeaoa. A 2000 aiaeo yoe cao?aou a niiinoaaeiuo oeaiao
aic?anee aieueoa, /ai a 1998 e 1999 aiaeao. Ia cae?aaiio?aiaiea,
?acaeoea nii?oa e oeceoeueoo?u auei auaeaeaii 13,9 % anao n?aaenoa.
?anoiaeu ia iaaeeeaiaiou e ae?oaea oeaee, naycaiiua n aaethoiie
ninoaaeythuae, aic?anee a 3,5 ?aca. Aeiey cao?ao ia ia?aciaaiea aic?anea
n 6,4 aei 6,6 i?ioeaioa AAI. A nioeeaeueiii ieaia iniaaiiinoueth
athaeaeaoa aue iia?aaeathuee, a 2,9 ?aca, ?ino cao?ao ia ca?aaioioth
ieaoo a athaeaeaoiie noa?a: o/eoaeyi, a?a/ai, ?aaioieeai eoeueoo?u. Oai
naiui auee naeaeaiu oaae ii i?eaeeaeaieth eo ca?aaioeia e io?aneyi
ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa. Ia?aue oaa a yoii iai?aaeaiee aeieaeai aue
ninoiyoueny oaea a yiaa?a.
I?iaeieaeaeinue naeeaeaiea i?iaeeoi/iiai ieieioia e ieieiaeueiie
ca?aaioiie ieaou: anee ia?aue aic?anoae a 2,4 ?aca, oi oiiae iieaou
o?oaea – a 2,9 ?aca. Niioaaonoaaiii oaaee/eaaeenue n?aaenoaa,
auaeaeyaiua ia oaeaoaaeaiea ieoaiey, iiniaey ia aeaoae, iaeiiaania/aiiui
neiyi ianaeaiey e o.ae.
I aeeeeuiii no?ieoaeuenoaa. Eaa?oe? i?aaenoiyei nii?oaeeoue aeaaea
aieueoa, /ai ?aaeueii iiaeii auei iino?ieoue a 2000 aiaeo. No?oeoo?a
enoi/ieeia oeiaine?iaaiey no?ieoaeuenoaa eciaiyeanue: aieueoee oii?
aeaeaeny ia n?aaenoaa i?aaei?eyoee e i?aaiecaoeee, naiaiaeiua n?aaenoaa
a?aaeaeai e o.ae. Yoo ia?ai?eaioaoeeth, enoaoe, ieaie?iaaeinue
inouanoaeoue oaea a 1999 aiaeo, ii ia ana oaeaeinue, ai iiiaii iioiio,
/oi ia n?aaioaee iaoaieciu aeeoioeyoeee n?aaenoa ianaeaiey,
no?ieoaeuenoai aeeeuey iaii?aaaeaiii aei?iaeaei e o.ae. I?aaenoiyei
caaeaenoaiaaoue yoe ?aca?au. Nioeeaeueiia aeeeuea, a oaeaea ca n/ao
eueaioiuo aine?aaeeoia i?aaeiieaaaeinue iino?ieoue oieueei aeey
iaeiiaania/aiiuo a?aaeaeai, iieiaeaaee e ii?aaeaeaiiiai /enea ae?oaeo
eaoaai?ee ianaeaiey.
Aeioiaeu
Aeaaiue eo enoi/iee iaeiae, i nieaeaiee eioi?uo aiai?eoue ia
i?eoiaeeeinue. Aieaa oiai, auee ia?aniio?aiu iaeiaiaua eueaiou e
i?aoa?aioeee. Oai ia iaiaa, niae?aaiinoue iaeiaia a Aaea?one auoa, /ai a
ae?oaeo no?aiao NIA. I?aaeiieaaaeinue oaaee/aiea aeioiaeia io aeoeecia
— ia eeea?iaiaei/iua ecaeaeey, iaooai?iaeoeou, oaaa/iua ecaeaeey.
Aic?anoaee ana iaeiaiaua io/eneaiey, naycaiiua n oiiaeii iieaou o?oaea,
iineieueeo e ii cia/eoaeueii oaaee/eaaeny.
O?aaeeoeeiiiuo enoi/ieeia n?aaenoa ia oaaoaei, iai?eia?, ia
iiaeaea?aeaiea i?iaeiaieuenoaaiiie aaciianiinoe no?aiu. Ec aiaea a aiae
aeiey cao?ao ia naeueneia oicyenoai ?anoao. Iaeiaei i?aaenoaaeoaee
aa?a?iiai aaaeiinoaa oaaaeaeatho, /oi a iuiaoieo oneiaeyo yoiai iaei.
Iiyoiio I?aceaeaio aeae ii?o/aiea ecuneaoue aeiiieieoaeueiua ?aca?au.
Aiciiaeii, i?eaeaony ianeieueei oaaee/eoue io/eneaiey noauaeoia
oicyenoaiaaiey a oiiae iiaeaea?aeee naeueneiai oicyenoaa. A oeaeii aea
i?aauoaiea ?anoiaeia iaae aeioiaeaie, o.a. aeaoeoeeo athaeaeaoa
ieaie?iaaeny a 1,7-1,8 i?ioeaioa io AAI, /oi ia o?iaia iineaaeieo eao.
?acieoea aeieaeia auea auoue iie?uoa ca n/ao ia?aie/aiiuo e?aaeeoia
Iaoeaaiea, eioi?ua aoaeoo iai?aaeyeenue i?aeiouanoaaiii ia
no?ieoaeuenoai aeeeuey, auionea oeaiiuo aoiaa e ae?oaeo iaeioeyoeeiiiuo
enoi/ieeia.
Eniieiyoeny athaeaeao – 2000 a oneiaeyo aieaa aeanoeie aeaiaaeii –
e?aaeeoiie iieeoeee, oiaiueoaiey iauaiia yienneiiiuo e?aaeeoia,
nieaeaiey o?iaiy ainoaea?noaaiiuo ?anoiaeia. I?aaeiae inoaaaeanue
iaeiaiiaeaaaaiay aaca ca eneeth/aieai iaeioi?uo eciaiaiee, aucaaiiuo
oieoeeaoeeae iaeiaiaiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa Aaea?one e ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee.
A i?aaiecaoeeyo e o/?aaeaeaieyo, oeiaine?oaiuo ca n/ao n?aaenoa
?anioaeeeaineiai athaeaeaoa, caaeieaeaiiinoe ii ca?ieaoa a oa/aiea aiaea
ia aeiioneaeinue. Auieaoa ca?aaioiie ieaou ?aaioieeai athaeaeaoiie noa?u
iaoiaeeeanue iiae iniaui eiio?ieai ieienoa?noaa oeiainia. Iai?eia?,
/oiau ia aeiionoeoue aicieeiiaaiey caaeieaeaiiinoe ii ca?ieaoa
?aaioieeai nioeeaeueiie noa?u, ec ?anioaeeeaineiai athaeaeaoa n
iia?aaeaieai ieaiiauo iacia/aiee ia?a/eneyeenue aeioaoeee ianoiui
athaeaeaoai ec oiiaea oeiainiaie iiaeaea?aeee aaeieieno?aoeaii –
oa??eoi?eaeueiuo ia?aciaaiee.
AEeoue ii n?aaenoaai
Iao? AEOOIA,
caianoeoaeue i?aaenaaeaoaey Eiiennee Iaeaou
i?aaenoaaeoaeae Iaoeeiiaeueiiai nia?aiey
Ioeaieaay athaeaeao ia 2000 aiae, iaeuecy ia inoaiiaeoueny ia iniiaiuo
i?iaiiciuo iieacaoaeyo nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneiai ?acaeoey Aaea?one a
2000a. A athaeaeaoa anoue aanueia aaaeiua onoaiiaee ia nieaeaiea
eioeyoeee, noeioee?iaaiea ?aaeueiiai naeoi?a i?iecaiaenoaa,
noaaeeecaoeeth nioeeaeueiie noa?u, iaania/aiea eiaanoeoeeiiiie
aeoeaiinoe.
Anee n?aaieaaoue iniiaiua i?iaiiciua iieacaoaee ia 2000a. n iieacaoaeyie
1999 aiaea, oi iie ii/oe niaiaaeatho. Yoi icia/aao, /oi aaeiaie
aioo?aiiee i?iaeoeo oaaee/eony ia 2–3%, ia aieaa. O?iaaiue ?aaeueiuo
aeaiaaeiuo aeioiaeia aeieaeai ninoaaeoue 101%, eiaanoeoeee — 102–103%.
I?iiuoeaiiinoue ianeieueei aieaa aeeiaie/ia — 2–3% i?e?inoa iauaia
auionea i?iaeoeoeee ca aiae. I?iaiiciua iieacaoaee aeey naeueneiai
oicyenoaa (ia iiaoo aea auoue aeaa aiaea iiae?yae aaniethoii
iaoaea/iuie) oaaee/aiu ia 8–9%. N o/aoii iuiaoiaai aeanyoei?ioeaioiiai
iaaeaiey iii aeieaeii aa?iooueny e ia?aiao?ai 1998a. ?aaeueiay oeaia
iaoaea/ caeanue caoeene?iaaia a i?iaeoiie niaoa: a 2000a. oeiaine?iaaiea
naeueneiai oicyenoaa oaaee/eaaaony a 2?aca.
Cayaeaiiia naea?aeeaaiea eioeyoeee a 2000a. aeieaeii i?eaanoe ii
ioeoeeaeueiiio i?iaiico e 160–180% aiaeiaiai iieacaoaey (eee 4–5% a
ianyoe). Nianoaaiii, oaeea oeeo?u ieaie?iaaeenue e a 1999a., iaeiaei iie
ia auee aeinoeaioou. E eiioeo 1999a. iu eiaee 340%. Aiaeec i?ia?aiiu
oaaaeaeaao, /oi ieaie?oaiiai o?iaiy eioeyoeee iu ia niiaeai aeinoe/ue e
a 2000a. Oae i/aiue i?ioeai?a/eau oeeo?u athaeaeaoa. E i?eia?o,
?aaeueiue ?ino aeaiaaeiuo aeioiaeia a?aaeaeai ii i?iaiico aeieaeai
ninoaaeoue 101%, ?ino iiieiaeueiie ca?aaioiie ieaou — a 2,4 ?aca, oi
anoue aeaiaaeiay ianna aic?anoao a 2,4 ?aca, a eoieoue ia auaeaiiua iai
aeaiueae iiaeii aoaeao anaai ia 1% oiaa?ia aieueoa.
Aianoa n oai a i?iaiica iaia/ai ?ino oiaa?iiai?ioa ia 2,5–3,5%. ?acaa
yoi ?aaeueii, anee oeaiu aic?anooo a 2,5–3 ?aca? Neaaeoao o/anoue
eiieeoeeo eo?niia?aciaaiey i?e ?an/aoao. E i?eia?o, ii i?iaiico eo?n
aaei?onneiai ?oaey e eiioeo 1999a. aeieaeai aue ninoaaeoue 320 oun.?oa.
ca 1 USD, a 1.07.2000a. — 800 oun. iaaeaiiieie?iaaiiuo ?oaeae. *oi iu
eiaai a ?aaeueiinoe? Oaea e eiioeo aeaeaa?y 1999a. iaee/iue eo?n aeinoea
750 oun., aaciaee/iue — 960 oun. Ana yoi — ?acoeueoao iaaeaeaiey
i?aaeoaeuenoaa iaiyoue iaoiaeu yeiiiie/aneie iieeoeee e oeeinioee.
ss niciaoaeueii oaeaeee noieueei aieiaiey i?iaiiciui iieacaoaeyi, eai
Caeii i athaeaeaoa ia 2000a., e niaeaeaieth (eae, ai?i/ai, e
i?aaeuaeoueo eao), ia yaeyaony na?ueaciui eino?oiaioii iaoae
yeiiiie/aneie iieeoeee. Yoi, nei?aa anaai, oaoie/aneee aeieoiaio,
eioi?ue aaaeai aeey Ieioeia, /oiau ii aieaa-iaiaa naaeaine?iaaiii
i?iaiaeee oeiaine?iaaiea naeoi?ia yeiiiieee.
ss ia niiiaaathnue, /oi yoio athaeaeao aoaeao auiieiai, eai i?e
iioeienoe/aneii i?iaiica eioeyoeee a 160–180% aiieia iiaeii aiai?eoue i
aai iaiieiaiee. Ia oieueei o ian, a ethaie ae?oaie no?aia ie?a
aeinoaoi/ii i?inoeioee?iaaoue eioeyoeeth oioy au ia 70% — e athaeaeao
iieo/eony naaeaine?iaaiiui. Oae i?iecioei a Aaea?one a 1999a. Aianoi
iaaieueoiai aeaoeoeeoa athaeaeaoa iu iieo/eee i?eee/iue i?ioeoeeo. Ii
ninoaaee e naioya?th 3,5 o?ei.?oa. Noaey ii anaio, athaeaeaoiay iieeoeea
aoaeao i?eia?ii oaeie aea e a 2000a. Oaeei ia?acii, eioeyoeeiiiua
aeaiueae caiieiyo athaeaeao, a ?aaeueiia iieiaeaiea aeae n aeioiaeaie
ianaeaiey, caiyoiai a athaeaeaoiie noa?a, oeiaine?iaaiea nioeeaeueiuo
i?ia?aii iieaeoo a i?eau/iie aiiea ii nie?aee: ?ino oeai — eiaeaenaoeey
aeioiaeia — ?ino ecaea?aeae i?iecaiaenoaa — iiyoue ?ino oeai e o.ae.
Athaeaeao-2000 eioa?anai e iaeioi?uie noaoueyie ?anoiaeia. E i?eia?o,
no.13 — ?anoiaeu ia iaoeeiiaeueioth iai?iio — ninoaaeea 69 o?ei.?oa.,
ia niaea?aeaiea i?aaiio?aieoaeueiie nenoaiu — 127 o?ei.?oa.
Neeaaeuaaaony ia?aaeienaeueiay neooaoeey: iu niae?aainy o?aoeoue aieueoa
aeaiaa ia i?aaiio?aieoaeueiua i?aaiu, /ai ia a?ieth. A nayce n yoei
iai?aoeaaaony caeiiiia?iue aii?in: /oi, aioo?aiiyy oa?ica ainoaea?noao o
ian aieueoa aiaoiae?..
Iiaeii n?aaieoue e oeiaine?iaaiea a 2000a. i?aaiia ainoaea?noaaiiie e
eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe (20 o?ei.?oa.) e aeaiaaeiia iaania/aiea
aeayoaeueiinoe oeiainiauo e iaeiaiauo i?aaiia (19 o?ei.?oa.). Oae eoi
eiio neoaeeo a iaoai ainoaea?noaa?
Iaeuecy iaieoe aieiaieai e noaoueth “i?i/ea ?anoiaeu”, ia eioi?ua
iai?aaeyaony 253 o?ei.?oa. Anee i?eaaaeoue e iei oa n?aaenoaa, /oi
iiiaaeoo a “i?i/ea ?anoiaeu” ii ioaeaeueiui noaoueyi, eioi?ua anoue a
ieaiao oeiaine?iaaiey eaaeaeiai naeoi?a yeiiiieee, iieo/aaony
aeinoaoi/ii aieueoay noiia aeaiaa. Iia noaiiaeony iiuiui eino?oiaioii
ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiey oeiainiauo ?ano?nia, iaoiaeyueiny a ?oeao
eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe.
Oi/o aniiiieoue aeia?ui neiaii aeoeaii ?acaeaaaoeany a iaaeaaiai i?ioeii
/anoiua iioa?eaeueiua eiioi?u. Iie ia oieueei niaea?aeaee naay ca n/ao
nianoaaiiuo ?ano?nia, ii e aeaaaee iaieioie aeioiae ainoaea?noao.
Iaeiaei iinea i?iaaaeaiey ?aoi?iu auea aaaaeaia iiiiiieey ainoaea?noaa
ia iioa?eaeueioth aeayoaeueiinoue. A ?acoeueoaoa ec athaeaeaoa
auaeaeyaony 1,5 o?ei.?oa. aeey oiai, /oiau niaea?aeaoue ainoaea?noaaiiua
iioa?eaeueiua eiioi?u. (Enoaoe, yoi aieueoa, /ai ia iaaeaeoia?iaeiua e
eoeueoo?iua nayce.) Aianoi oiai /oiau aeaeaae?iaaoue iieiiii/ey /anoiui
i?aaei?eyoeyi, ainoaea?noai, ii nooe, ioeacaeinue io ?aaeueiie i?eauee.
Iaeiei neiaii, a 2000a. iu, nei?aa anaai, aoaeai aeeoue a oaeeo aea
oneiaeyo, a eaeeo aeeee e a 1999a. Eiia/ii, iu ciaai, /oi ia ana oae
i?inoi a yeiiiieea… Iaeiaei, ia iie acaeyae, i?aaeoaeuenoao oyaeaei
?aaioaoue, iioiio /oi, e niaeaeaieth, a iaoae yeiiiie/aneie iieeoeea ia
iineaaeithth ?ieue ea?aao /enoay iieeoeea, a aua oi, /oi iii,
i?aaeoaeuenoai, ia niae?aaony ie/aai iaiyoue.
ss iiieiath, /oi anoue iauaeoeaiua i?e/eiu iaaeaeaiey ia?aiai. E ana aea
aeoaiei oaaaeaeai, /oi a no?aia oaea nic?aee iauaeoeaiua oneiaey aeey
iauyaeaiey iiaie yeiiiie/aneie iieeoeee, anee oioeoa IYIa. A iniiaa yoie
iieeoeee aeieaeai eaaeaoue i/aiue aeanoeee eiio?ieue iiiaoa?iie noa?u.
Eiaiii naaeaine?iaaiiay aeaiaaeii-e?aaeeoiay iieeoeea, aaeeiue iaoaieci
aa inouanoaeaiey, aeanoeia naea?aeeaaiea yiennee iicaieyo iai caeiaeeoue
caei?iaua ia/aea yeiiiieee. Iu aeieaeiu ia o?aaiaaoue io i?aaeoaeuenoaa
oaaee/aiey ?anoiaeia, a a eaeie-oi ia?a ioeacaoueny io oao, eioi?ua
anoue a iuiaoiai i?iaeoa, /oiau nianoe yeiiiie/aneoth neooaoeeth a
oeaeii.
Aoi?ui aaaeiui iai?aaeaieai iiaie yeiiiie/aneie iieeoeee, aeieaeia
noaoue aieueoay naiinoiyoaeueiinoue i?aaei?eyoee, ?aaeueiia ?acaeoea
?uii/iuo ioiioaiee. Iai io yoiai ia oeoe. Aea, iu iiaeai iooyiooue a?aiy
i?eiyoey iiai?ioiuo ?aoaiee. No?aia iiaeao aeiaeaeaoueny e i?iaanoe e
ia?eaiaioneea, e i?aceaeaioneea auai?u. Iaeiaei iineaaenoaey iicaeieo
ia?aiai aoaeoo aua oyaeaeaa, /ai nae/an, anee iu ana aea ia/iai
i?iaiaeeoue iiaoth yeiiiie/aneoth iieeoeeo.
Eiia/ii, ai iiiaii oaeoth iieeoeeo ii?aaeaeyao I?aceaeaio, aai
iieeoe/aneay aiey. Iaeiaei ia iaiaa ioaaonoaaiiu ca aa oi?ie?iaaiea e
i?iaaaeaiea e i?aaeoaeuenoai, e Iaoeeiiaeueiia nia?aiea. Iu aeieaeiu
aioiaeoue iao yeaeoi?ao e oiio, /oi iiaeai o?aoeoue ia aieueoa oiai, /oi
ca?aaaouaaai. Ia?iae aeieaeai ciaoue: neooaoeey oyaeaeay, e iu iaycaiu
aeeoue ii n?aaenoaai. Oieueei a oaeii neo/aa o no?aiu iiyaeony aieaa
aeaaii?eyoiua ia?niaeoeau. Ethaee iaeeaeatho e aiieia ii?aaaeaiii
?ann/eouaatho, /oi iie ianooiyo.
Eoiae athaeaeaoa a 2000 aiaeo
(ia 24.01.2001a.)
Ii i?aaeaa?eoaeueiui aeaiiui a eiinieeaee?iaaiiue athaeaeao ?anioaeeee
ca 2000 aiae iinooieei aeioiaeia a noiia 3168,3 ie?ae. BYB, /oi
ninoaaeyao 101,7% io ieaia. ?anioaeeeaineee athaeaeao eniieiai ii
aeioiaeai a noiia 1648,2 ie?ae. BYB (101,1 io ieaia). Iaania/aii
auiieiaiea ieaia ii iniiaiui enoi/ieeai, ninoaaeythuei aieaa iieiaeiu
aeioiaeia io anao iinooieaiee a athaeaeao: ii IAeN – ia 101,8% (539,6%),
aeioiaeai io aiaoiae oi?aiaee e aiaoiayeiiiie/aneeo iia?aoeee – ia
104,8% (141,8 ie?ae. BYB), iaeiaai ia aeioiaeu e i?eaueue – ia 101,5%
(293,2 iei. BYB). Ianeieueei ionoaee io caieaie?iaaiiuo iieacaoaeae
iinooieaiey a athaeaeao aeoeecia. Ca iineaaeiea o?e aiaea eo oaeaeueiue
aan nieceeny n 15,2% aei 11,3%. A 2000 aiaeo noiia iinooieaoeo a
athaeaeao aeoeecia ninoaaeea 185,4 ie?ae. BYB eee 99,4% aiaeiaiai ieaia.
A 2000 aiaeo i?iaeieaeaeinue nie?auaiea aaethoiuo iinooieaiee a
athaeaeao aei 71,9 iei. USD a 1999, aei 69,6 iei. USD a i?ioaaeoai
aiaeo.
?acoeueoaou yeiiiieei-noaoenoe/aneiai aiaeeca yeanoe/iinoe athaeaeaoa io
eiaeaena iio?aaeoaeueneeo oeai iieacuaatho, /oi ca 2000 aiae ii
n?aaiaieth n 1999 aiaeii eiyooeoeeaio yeanoe/iinoe eioeyoeeiiiie /anoe
aeioiaeia athaeaeaoa io o?iaiy iio?aaeoaeueneeo oeai oaaee/eeny ia
0,29%, a ?anoiaeia oiaiueoeeny ia 0,32%. Neaaeiaaoaeueii,
i?aaeoaeuenoaii i?iaiaeeeanue aieaa ?aaeenoe/iay, acaaoaiiay e aeanoeay
athaeaeaoiay iieeoeea.
Athaeaeao 2001
Aeioiaeu = 3223,2 ie?ae. ?. (aic?inee a 2,1 ?aca)
?anoiaeu = 3471 ie?ae. ?. (a 2,1 ?ac auoa i?ioeiaiaeiaai)
Aeaoaoeeo = 247,8 ie?ae. ?. (1,5% io AAI)
O?iaaiue oeiainiauo n?aaenoa a athaeaeaoiie nenoaia Aaea?one a 2001 a.
ia i?aoa?iae cia/eoaeueiuo eciaiaiee. Enoiaey ec i?iaiicia, oaeaeueiue
aan aeioiaeia athaeaeaoa a iauaia aaeiaiai aioo?aiiaai i?iaeoeoa
ninoaaeo 34,5% i?ioea 33,4% a 2000 a., cayaee Ieieno? oeiainia
?anioaeeee Aaea?onue I.Ei?aoo. Iie?uoea aeaoeoeeoa iaia/aaony
inouanoaeyoue, a iniiaiii, ca n/ao aioo?aiieo enoi/ieeia.
Iniiaiie oeiainiaue aeieoiaio eiae aua aieueoee nioeeaeueiue iiaeoaeno
iioiio,/oi ca /a?oie aaaeiinoe a Aaea?one ieacaeinue oaea ieiei 40%
ianaeaiey. Oae, i?aaeoaeuenoai iaia?aii i?enooieoue e ?ac?aaioea
“I?ia?aiiu i?ioea aaaeiinoe”. ?anoiaeu ia nioeeaeueioth iieeoeeo
oaaee/eaathony a 2,6 ?aca e ninoaaeytho 270,7 ie?ae. ?oaeae.
I?ei?eoaoiuie iai?aaeaieyie athaeaeaoii-oeiainiaie iieeoeee oaeaea
yaeythony aini?ei?eoaou:
noa?a oneoa, ia?ii?eyoey ii eeeaeaeaoeee iineaaenoaee aaa?ee ia
*a?iiaueueneie AYN, ia?aciaaiea, iaoea, cae?aaiio?aiaiea, eoeueoo?a,
iiaeaea?aeea ?aaeueiiai naeoi?a yeiiiieee e naeueoici?iecaiaenoaa,
no?ieoaeuenoai aeeeuey e noeioee?iaaiea yenii?oa.
A /anoiinoe, 73,1 ie?ae. ?oaeae aoaeao iai?aaeaii ia ?aaeecaoeeth
i?ia?aiiu ii i?aiaeieaieth iineaaenoaee eaoano?iou ia *AYN, a 112,2
ie?ae. – ia auieaoo eueaio e eiiiainaoeee iino?aaeaaoei io yoie aaa?ee.
Ia oeiaine?iaaiea AIE i?aaeiieaaaaony auaeaeeoue 83 ie?ae. ?oaeae, a
o./. 0,6 ie?ae. – ia iiaeaea?aeeo e?anoueyineeo (oa?ia?neeo) oicyenoa e
1,6 ie?ae. – ia o?aiaiea ?aca?aa ca?ia.
Athaeaeao eiae ianeieueei iniaaiiinoae e ninoaaeyeny enoiaey ec oiai,
/oi i?aeoe/anee ii aieueoeinoao oeai ia naith i?iaeoeoeeth Aaea?onue
auoea ia o?iaaiue oeai nii?aaeaeueiuo ?aaeiiia. E?iia oiai, n na?aaeeiu
naioya?y oaeouaai aiaea yeiiiieea no?aiu nouanoaoao a oneiaeyo aaeeiiai
eo?na, /oi iaeeaaeuaaao ia i?aaeoaeuenoai e Iaoeaaie aeiiieieoaeueiua
iaycaiiinoe ii iiaeaea?aeaieth noaaeeueiiai eo?na. A aoaeouai aiaeo
eiaeaen ?inoa iio?aaeoaeueneeo oeai ieaie?oaony a n?aaeiai ii 2,5 —
3,5% a ianyoe (ii i?iaiicai, a yoii aiaeo ii aeieaeai aue ninoaaeoue 4
— 5%, a iaeeaeaaony ia o?iaia 7%). ?ino AAI aiaeo i?iaiice?oaony ia
o?iaia 3 — 4%, i?e/ai a i?iiuoeaiiinoe — ia 4,5 — 5,5%, a
naeueoici?iecaiaenoaa — ia 5%. Eiaanoeoeee iaia/aii ia?anoeoue oi/ii
oae aea, eae e aeioiaeu ianaeaiey — ia 3,5 — 4,5%.
Athaeaeao-2001 aeaeaei aua iaeii iio?ynaiea: i?eoeinue eae-oi auiieiyoue
oeacaiea A.Eoeaoaiei i aeiaaaeaiee n?aaeiae ca?ieaou aei 100 aeieea?ia.
Oioy ia?aiia/aeueii Ieiyeiiiieee i?aaenoaaeei aeaaa ainoaea?noaa aieaa
ne?iiiua i?iaiicu, niaeanii eioi?ui a n?aaeiai ii ia?iaeiiio oicyenoao
ca?ieaoa au?eniauaaeanue eeoue ia o?iaia 70 — 75 USD, ii ?aaeueiiio
naeoi?o — 80 USD.
AEeeuey a neaaeothuai aiaeo i?iaiice?oaony iino?ieoue iaiueoa (2,75 iei.
ea.i), /ai ieaie?oaony a yoii (3,75 iei. ea.i), iaeiaei A.Eoeaoaiei oaea
iaycae i?aaeoaeuenoai iiaeiyoue ieaieo aei 3 iei. ea.i. Nieaeaiea oaiiia
naycaii n iiiuoeie i?aaeoaeuenoaa ia?aeoe ia aacyienneiiiia
e?aaeeoiaaiea no?ieoaeuenoaa. I?aaeiieaaaaony, /oi iniiaiui enoi/ieeii
oeiaine?iaaiey aeeeuey noaioo n?aaenoaa ianaeaiey. A 1999 aiaeo iie
ninoaaeee 47% io iauaai iauaia eiaanoeoeee, a yoii aiaeo, eae
iaeeaeaaony, au?anooo aei 55%. A i?aaeoaeuenoaa n/eoatho, /oi yoi
i?aaeaeueiay ieaiea i?e nouanoaothueo aeioiaeao.
Ie i eaeii ?aaeeeaeueiii eciaiaiee oeiaine?iaaiey iaoee eee ae?oaeo
i?ia?aii aiai?eoue ia i?eoiaeeony, o/eouaay, /oi aeioiaeu ianaeaiey a
AAI ninoaaeytho io 75% aei 78%.
Iiaeaea?aeeaaoue noaaeeueiinoue eo?na aaei?onneiai ?oaey i?aaeoaeuenoai
iaia?aii niaianoii n Iaoeaaieii n iiiiuueth aioo?aiieo e aiaoieo
enoi/ieeia. ?ann/eouaaao iii oaeaea e ia oaoie/aneee e?aaeeo ec ?innee,
oioy, ii iiaieth yenia?oia, auaea/a aai aua ia oaeo. Ia?aaiai?u n
?inneeneie noi?iiie eaeoo ia oae aeaaeei, eae oioaeinue au.
I?aaeoaeuenoai aeaeea?e?oao, /oi aeaiaaeiay iieeoeea a aoaeouai aiaeo
aoaeao aeanoeie. Iaoeeiiaeueiue aaie aa?ao ia naay iaycaoaeuenoaa
aeaaaeueae?iaaoue aaei?onneee ?oaeue ia aieaa /ai ia 2,5% a n?aaeiai a
ianyoe ii ioiioaieth e aeieea?o. Iaeiia?aiaiii ieaie?oaony ia?aie/eoue
aeaiaaeioth yienneth a neaaeothuai aiaeo noiiie 126 ie?ae. ?oaeae.
Eioeyoeeiiiue i?iaiic aue oaeaea i/aiue iioeienoe/ai — 2,5 — 3,5% a
ianyoe. A iiaia ouny/aeaoea no?aia aeieaeia auea aieoe n aaeeiui eo?nii
ieiei 1.200 ?oaeae ca aaeeieoeo aia?eeaineie aaethou e caaa?oeoue aiae n
iieacaoaeai 1.600 ?oaeae ca aeieea?.
Noaey ii anaio, a?yae ee ainoaea?noai ?aoeony ia i?iaeaaeo
ainnianoaaiiinoe a ea/anoaa enoi/ieea iiaeaea?aeaiey eo?na. Ia oae
aeaaii A.Eoeaoaiei cayaee, /oi ia aeiionoeo ie aee?aeoi?neie, ie
ieienoa?neie i?eaaoecaoeee.
Noieo ia?aoeoue aieiaiea aua ia iaeio aeaoaeue. Aaei?onneee athaeaeao
aa?noaaony aac o/aoa aani?aoeaaeaioiuo oeaiiauo eieaaaiee ia iaooue.
Aaea?onue, eioi?ay eiii?oe?oao 80% iaooe ec ?innee, ia iiaeao cae?uaaoue
aeaca ia o?aoe?aoiue ?ino oeai ia yoi nu?uea a oa/aiea oaeouaai aiaea.
Ninoaaeoaee aeieoiaioa n/eoatho, /oi iinea oeaiiaie aniuoee noieiinoue
iaooe oiaaeao ia i?eau/iue o?iaaiue. Iaaeaeo oai yenia?ou
i?aaeoi?aaeaeatho, /oi anee oeaia iaiiiai e nieceony, ia i?aaeiee
o?iaaiue iia oaea ia aa?iaony. A oaeii neo/aa any iino?iaiiay
athaeaeaoiay eiino?oeoeey aoaeao i?inoi nie?ooaia.
Iineaaeiea ioeaiee athaeaeaoa
Athaeaeaoiay iieeoeea i?aa?aoeeanue a ia?aeeaaeuaaiea aeaiaa ec iaeiiai
ea?iaia a ae?oaie
Ia?ey ss?IAAIEI
?anoiaeiua noaouee ?anioaeeeaineiai athaeaeaoa aiiaue ia?aniio?aiu.
Iineaaeiee ?ac ?anoiaeu ia niaea?aeaiea ainoaea?noaaiiuo i?aaiia auee
nie?auaiu a iieueco cae?aaiio?aiaiey, nae/an aeaaa ainoaea?noaa,
iaiai?io, “iiae?acae” ?anoiaeu ia nioeeaeueioth iieeoeeo. A
i?aaeoaeuenoai oai a?aiaiai ii?aaeaeyaony n oai, eiio iii aoaeao
ieacuaaoue nioeeaeueioth iiaeaea?aeeo a neaaeothuai aiaeo.
Oeacii ?323 ?anoiaeu ?anioaeeeaineiai athaeaeaoa ii ?acaeaeo
“Nioeeaeueiay iieeoeea” nie?auaiu ia Byb 2,8 ie?ae. Nyeiiiieaiiua
n?aaenoaa aoaeoo iai?aaeaiu ia oeiainiaoth iiiiuue athaeaeaoai ae?oaeo
o?iaiae e eaieoaeueiua aeiaeaiey.
Yoo ia?o iaeuecy iacaaoue iaiaeeaeaiiie — aeioiaeu aieueoeinoaa
?aaeiiaeueiuo athaeaeaoia eaoano?ioe/anee ionoatho io a?aoeea. I?iaeaiu
n iaiieiaieai ianoiuo e ?anioaeeeaineiai athaeaeaoia iiaeoaa?aeaeathony
e oai, /oi i?aaeoaeuenoai iaia?aii a aeeaeaeoaa a?aiy ia oieueei
ia?a?ani?aaeaeyoue, ii e i?inoi nie?auaoue ?anoiaeu ii iaeioi?ui
noaoueyi ?anioaeeeaineiai athaeaeaoa.
Niaao Ieieno?ia ia i?ioeie iaaeaea oaeaea caieiaeny i?iaeaiaie
nioeeaeueiie iieeoeee. Ii?aaeaeai ii?iaiaue o?iaaiue aeioiaeia aeey
eaoaai?ee a?aaeaeai, i?e eioi?ii ei aoaeao ieacuaaoueny aae?aniay
nioeeaeueiay iiiiuue, eioi?ay aoaeao ieacuaaoueny n yiaa?y 2001 aiaea.
Iia i?aaeiacia/aia aeey a?aaeaeai, niaieoiiue n?aaeiaaeooaaie aeioiae
eioi?uo ca o?e ianyoea, i?aaeoanoaothueo ianyoeo ia?auaiey ca iiiiuueth,
ia i?aauoae 50% aeaenoaothuaai ia aeaoo ia?auaiey athaeaeaoa
i?iaeeoi/iiai ieieioia. ?acia? iiiiue ninoaaeo ?acieoeo iaaeaeo noiiie,
?aaiie iieiaeia athaeaeaoa i?iaeeoi/iiai ieieioia, e niaieoiiui
n?aaeiaaeooaaui aeioiaeii naiuee eee iaeeiieiai eeoea. Ieinioecaueou,
Ieioeio e Ieio?oaea aei aaaonoa ii?o/aii ?ac?aaioaoue ii?yaeie e oneiaey
ieacaiey aae?aniie nioeeaeueiie iiiiue e ii?aaeaeeoue eaoaai?ee aa
iieo/aoaeae.
Eoae, a neaaeothuai aiaeo aae?anioth nioeeaeueioth iiiiuue ?aoaii
ieacuaaoue eeoue ethaeyi, iieo/athuei iaiueoa iieiaeiu athaeaeaoa
i?iaeeoi/iiai ieieioia (AII) — eae ie ia?aaeienaeueii yoi cao/eo. AII,
eae ecaanoii, ii?aaeaeyao oio ieieioi aeioiaeia, eioi?ue iaiaoiaeei aeey
oaeiaeaoai?aiey oeceieiae/aneeo iio?aaiinoae /aeiaaea. Anee aao aeioiae
iaiueoa AII (iaiaa Byb 24 oun.), au ioeoeeaeueii n/eoaaoanue aaaeiui
/aeiaaeii. I?aaeoaeuenoai aea iin/eoaei, /oi ieacuaaoue iiiiuue iiaeii
eeoue oiio, eoi a aeaa ?aca aaaeiaa aaaeiiai. Ieeoi ia io?eoeaao, /oi
nioeeaeueiay caueoa a Aaea?one /anoi aacaae?ania, n?aaenoaa
?aniueythony, eueaioieeia neeoeii iiiai, a n?aaee ieo iaiaei oao, eoi
iieo/aao eueaiou iaiainiiaaiii. Iaeiaei aa?aioe?iaaiea /aeiaaeo eeoue
iieiaeiu iaiaoiaeeiiai aeey oece/aneiai auaeeaaiey aeioiaea auaeyaeeo
eae ecaeaaaoaeuenoai. Ia aiai?y oaea i oii, /oi niune AII eae
nioeeaeueiie aa?aioee oa?yaony.
Enoaoe, a iaic?eiii aoaeouai a Aaea?one iiaeao eciaieoueny e i?eioeei
iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey aeioiaeia ianaeaiey. Ieioei ?acineae a caeioa?aniaaiiua
ieienoa?noaa, aaaeiinoaa e i?ionithcu naaaeea oaenou aeaoo ?acaeaeia
?inneeneiai iaeiaiaiai eiaeaena, eanathueany iiaeioiaeiiai iaeiaa e
no?aoiauo aciinia. Eae ecaanoii, a ?innee iaaeaaii auea onoaiiaeaia
aaeeiay, 13-i?ioeaioiay ieaiea iiaeioiaeiiai iaeiaa n a?aaeaeai, a
oaeaea eciaiai i?eioeei aceiaiey e ?ani?aaeaeaiey no?aoiauo aciinia.
Oaia?ue yoei aaaeaao aaeeiia eacia/aenoai Ieioeia. ?inneeneea i?ionithcu
iiaeiyee aie?oa yoiai iiaiaaaaeaiey aieueoie ooi. Ii eo iiaieth,
niaoeeaeueiua no?aoiaua oiiaeu iiaee ia oieueei aeeoioee?iaaoue
n?aaenoaa e ?ani?aaeaeyoue eo oaeoe/anee “n eiean”, ii e nicaeaaaoue
ii?aaeaeaiiue caian. N ia?aaiaeii n?aaenoa a aaeeiia eacia/aenoai niune
nenoaiu nioeeaeueiiai no?aoiaaiey oa?yaony — iia i?aa?auaaony a nenoaio
ainoaea?noaaiiiai oeiaine?iaaiey nioeeaeueiuo ?anoiaeia. I?aaaea,
ainoaea?noaaiiua yeiiiienou iauynieee aiciouaiea i?ionithcia oai, /oi eo
i?inoi eeoeee aieina a i?ioeanna ?ani?aaeaeaiey n?aaenoa.
Aiieia aiciiaeii, /oi a i?aaeaeaa?ee oieoeeaoeee aaei?onneiai e
?inneeneiai iaeiaiaiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoa Ieioei iaia?ai eco/eoue iiaiea
caeioa?aniaaiiuo noi?ii ii iiaiaeo i?eiyoey a Aaea?one aiaeiae/iie
nenoaiu aceiaiey iiaeioiaeiiai iaeiaa e no?aoiauo aciinia. Aaei?onneea
i?ionithcu iaaa?iyea aoaeoo i?ioanoiaaoue i?ioea yoiai oae aea ?ueyii,
eae e eo ?inneeneea eieeaae. Iiea ?aii aiai?eoue i oii, eae neaaeaony
aaaaeaiea aaeeiie ieaiee iiaeioiaeiiai iaeiaa ia ieceiiiea/eaaaiuo
eaoaai?eyo ianaeaiey Aaea?one. N aiaaouie ana ynii — ei aaeeiue iaeia
oieueei ia ?oeo, iineieueeo iaeiaiiaeaaaaiay aaca iuooeii nie?aoeony.
Oieueei aio ia oaaee/eony ee iia aeey aaaeiaeoeo neiaa ianaeaiey, n
eioi?uo naaiaeiy aceiaaony 9-i?ioeaioiue iaeia? Caeanue ana caaeneo io
iaoiaeeee en/eneaiey iaeiaa. Anee iia inoaiaony i?aaeiae (naaiaeiy
iaiaeaaaaiue iaeiaii ieieioi ninoaaeyao 2 ICI iethn 1 ICI ia eaaeaeiai
eaeaeeaaioea), aaaaeaiea 13-i?ioeaioiiai iaeiaa nouanoaaiii io?aceony ia
aeioiaeao ieceiiiea/eaaaiuo aaei?onia. Ecaaaeaoue yoiai iiaeii oieueei a
oii neo/aa, anee iaiaeaaaaiue ieieioi aoaeao oaaee/ai.
Iiaiey yenia?oia
(Io o/anoieeia iao/ii-i?aeoe/aneie eiioa?aioeee “Yeiiiieea Aaea?one:
aaeoi?u ?acaeoey e oaeoi?u onoie/eaiai ?inoa”)
A.AeIEAIEAA, ia?aue caianoeoaeue i?aiuea?a-ieieno?a:
O i?aaeoaeuenoaa acaaoaiiue iiaeoiae. Nooue no?aoaaee aaei?onneeo ?aoi?i
— a iino?iaiee aini?eei/eaie e iao/ii-oaoie/aneiio i?ia?anno
yeiiiie/aneie nenoaiu, /ooei ?aaae?othuae ia noeioeu e
aunieiyooaeoeaiiio o?oaeo.
Iaoeeiiaeueiay yeiiiie/aneay iiaeaeue ni/aoaao i?aeiouanoaa ?uii/iiai
oicyenoaa e iaeiia?aiaiii i?ecaaia iaania/eaaoue yooaeoeaioth
nioeeaeueioth caueoo. Aa oa?aeoa?iuie /a?oaie yaeythony:
iii?a ia nianoaaiiua neeu a ?acaeoee ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa,
iiiaioeeaaeiinoue yeiiiieee e ?aaiii?aaiia ooieoeeiie?iaaiea
ainoaea?noaaiiiai e /anoiiai naeoi?ia,
aeoeaiay ?ieue ainoaea?noaa a ?aaoee?iaaiee e ?aoi?ie?iaaiee
oicyenoaaiiie aeecie,
nioeeaeueiay i?eaioaoeey, yooaeoeaiay nenoaia caueou oycaeiuo neiaa
ianaeaiey,
iaoeeiiiue iooue e ?uii/iui i?aia?aciaaieyi.
Eoiae ?aaiou iineaaeieo eao aeatho iniiaaiey n/eoaoue, /oi no?aoaaey e
iaoiaeu icaei?iaeaiey iaoeeiiaeueiie yeiiiieee a oeaeii aua?aiu
i?aaeeueii. Oae, ca 1996–1997 aa. aaeiaie aioo?aiiee i?iaeoeo aic?in ia
13,5%, iauai i?iiuoeaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa — ia 21,7%, iauai aaeiaie
i?iaeoeoeee naeueneiai oicyenoaa a iauanoaaiiii naeoi?a — ia 4%, auione
oiaa?ia ia?iaeiiai iio?aaeaiey — ia 32,1%. Ca i?ioeue aiae AAI ii
n?aaiaieth n aiaeiae/iui ia?eiaeii 1997 a. oaaee/eeny ia 8%, iauai
i?iiuoeaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa — ia 11%.
Aanue i?e?ino aeinoeaioo ca n/ao iiauoaiey i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea
i?e iaeiia?aiaiiii nieaeaiee yia?aiaieinoe i?iecaiaenoaa. Oaeiio oniaoo
niinianoaiaaea ainoaea?noaaiiay iiaeaea?aeea noauaeoia oicyenoaiaaiey.
A oeaeii ainoaea?noaaiiay yeiiiie/aneay iieeoeea iai?aaeaia ia ?acaeoea
?aaeueiiai naeoi?a, niaa?oainoaiaaiea aeayoaeueiinoe aini?aaei?eyoee.
*?acau/aeii aaaeiui yaeyaony iaania/aiea aunieeo oaiiia ?inoa
eiaanoeoeee a noa?o i?iecaiaenoaa oiaa?ia e oneoa. Iauai aeiaeaiee a
iniiaiie eaieoae ca i?ioeue aiae aic?in ia 16,2%, a o./. a
i?iecaiaenoaaiiie noa?a — ia 10%. Yoiio niinianoaiaaee iiyoue-oaee
noaaeeecaoeey, ?ino iauaiia i?iecaiaenoaa i?iiuoeaiiinoe e naeueneiai
oicyenoaa.
Ai eiy aeaeueiaeoaai ?acaeoey ?aaeueiiai naeoi?a ?anioaeeea i?aaenoieo
iaania/eoue i?i/ioth iniiao aeey onoie/eaiai ?inoa. Aeey yoiai iaaei
aoaeao i?aiaeieaoue ?yae neiaeiaeoeo i?iaeai. Aeaaiua n?aaee ieo —
nieaeaiea eioeyoeee aei i?eaieaiiai o?iaiy; noaaeeecaoeey iaoeeiiaeueiie
aaethou; iiauoaiea yooaeoeaiinoe i?iecaiaenoaa, nie?auaiea /enea
oauoi/iuo i?aaei?eyoee; no?oeoo?iay ia?ano?ieea yeiiiieee, i?aaeaea
anaai i?iiuoeaiiinoe, ia iniiaa iiaaeoeo oaoiieiaee; nicaeaiea
nia?aiaiiie eio?ano?oeoo?u o?ainii?oa, n?aaenoa nayce e
oaeaeiiioieeaoeee, ?aoi?ie?iaaiea AIE; ?anoe?aiea auionea
eiieo?aioiniiniaiie i?iaeoeoeee; aeaeueiaeoay aeoeaecaoeey
aiaoiayeiiiie/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe, ?aoaiea i?iaeaiu aeaoeoeeoa
oi?aiaiai aaeaina. Ca i?ioeue aiae ii aeinoea 1492,8 iei. USD. I?aaaea,
iaaei caiaoeoue, /oi ia o?iaia ieaoaaeiiai aaeaina yoi ia aucuaaao o
ainoaea?noaa oeiainiauo o?oaeiinoae.
Iniiaiia, /oi naea?aeeaaao aeoeaiia i?iaaaeaiea no?oeoo?iie ia?ano?ieee,
— ia?aie/aiiinoue eiaanoeoeee. O/eouaay o?aaiaaiey a?aiaie,
i?aaeiieaaaaony aieueooth /anoue nianoaaiiuo e caaiiuo n?aaenoa
i?aaei?eyoee, a oaeaea aineaiaeiaeaiee ia eiieo?niie iniiaa iai?aaeyoue
ia oaoia?aaii?oaeaiea e ?acaeoea i?iecaiaenoa n aunieeie e iaoeiaieeie
oaoiieiaeyie.
Aaaeiaeoae caaea/ae i?aaeoaeuenoaa e Iaoeaaiea a yoii aiaeo yaeyaony
inouanoaeaiea ia?aoiaea io iiiaeanoaaiiinoe eo?nia ia aaethoiii ?uiea e
aaeeiiio eo?no aaei?onneiai ?oaey, oneeaiea eiio?iey ca e?aaeeoiie
yienneae.
I.IOOE, aeieoi? yeiiiieee, Eiiaeiineay oeiea aeciana:
O?aoee iooue ia?aaeai. Iineaaeiea naiue eao Aaea?onue eneaea naie iooue,
no?aiynue i?iaiaeeoue iieeoeeo ?acaeoey a aeaea nioeeaeueii
i?eaioe?iaaiiie ?uii/iie yeiiiieee. Yoa iiaeaeue ia oieeaeueia. Naaiaeiy
a Aa?iia 12 no?ai oiaea euoo naie iooue. Ii nioeeae-aeaiie?aou a
?acaeouo eaieoaeenoe/aneeo no?aiao iiaoo naaa yoi iicaieeoue a ?aieao
athaeaeaoa e /a?ac ie?iaie ?uiie.
A Aaea?one aea i?aaeaea iaaei nicaeaoue nai ?uiie. Iineaaeiaai caeanue
iao, eae iao iienea ?uii/iuo oeaiiinoae. I/aiue iioiaea ia iieeoeeo
Ai?aa/aaa aei aai ooiaea a ionoaaeo.
?acoeueoaou:
*anoiue naeoi? a ?anioaeeea aeinoea eeoue 20%, neaaeiaaoaeueii,
nia?aiaiiay ?uii/iay yeiiiieea ninoaaeyao oaeoth aea aeieth. I?e noieue
cia/eoaeueiie aeiieiaioa ainoaea?noaa ?uii/ioth yeiiiieeo eiaoue i?inoi
iaaiciiaeii. *oi iiaeoaa?aeaeaao e iaee/ea o aan aeaoeoeeoia, eioi?ua
ianiaianoeiu n ?uieii. Iaaiciiaeiu a iai eiio?ieue oeai,
?aioaaaeueiinoe.
Aao iuiaoiee i?iaeo ia?a/ai, iioiio /oi ia oaaoaao ?uii/iuo noeioeia: o
ethaeae ionoonoaoao iioeaaoeey, caeioa?aniaaiiinoue, nenoaia ia
i?eaioe?oao ia iiaia, ia eciaiythueany aeonu ianaeaiey.
*oi aua aieioao: aaoa yeiiiieea ia eiaao oeaio?aeueiiai ieaie?iaaiey ie
oeiainaie, ie nenoaiie i?iecaiaenoaa. Iniiaiie eino?oiaio oi?aaeaiey ia
aaethoiii ?uiea — oaeaoiiiue ?acaiai?.
Nae?ao iuiaoiaai aaei?onneiai oniaoa — iaee/ea eaieoaea, eioi?ue
i?iaaeaaony. No?aia ia eniieuecoao eiathueony iiuiinoae e a oi aea a?aiy
enoiuaaony i?iecaiaenoaaiiue eaieoae.
Aaoa nenoaia i/aiue aei?iainoiyuay: /anoue ianaeaiey iieo/aao
aeioe?iaaiiua eaa?oe?u, e?aaeeou, a aieueoeinoai a?aaeaeai ?aaioaao ia
yoi aeiiieieoaeueii. Ieaoeoue ana ?aaii i?eaeaony.
I?iaeieaeaiea ?aaeecaoeee o?aoueaai iooe iaaiciiaeii. Aao o?aoee iooue
aeieaeai auoue aeeaea e aa?iiaeneiio: nia/aea nicaeaoue ?uiie, iioii
i?eaioe?iaaoue aai nioeeaeueii. O Aaea?one aeinoaoi/iue iioaioeeae,
/oiau ii?iaeeoue ?uii/iua neeu. Iiaeii eaeoe auno?i eee iaaeeaiii, o
eaaeaeie nei?inoe naie i?aeiouanoaa e iaaeinoaoee (iai?eia?, i?e auno?ie
i?eaaoecaoeee ainoaea?noai ia iieo/aao aeioiaea, caoi i?aaei?eyoey n?aco
ia/eiatho ?aaioaoue yooaeoeaii). Aaaeii aeaeaaoueny a i?aaeeueiii
iai?aaeaiee.
E.CAEEI, i?aceaeaio Iaoeeiiaeueiiai oeaio?a no?aoaae/aneeo eieoeeaoea
“Ainoie–Caiaae”:
Iu aa?ioeenue a1992-e aiae. A 1996 aiaeo iu iiiaee a o.i. “aaei?onneoth
eiaooeo”: noi?ioee?iaaiiua oiaaea oeaee e iaoiaeu canoaaeytho ian
no?aieoueny e ii?aaeaeaiiiio ?acoeueoaoo, aeinoe/ue eioi?iai
iaaiciiaeii. E ana-oaee i?eoei iiieiaiea iaiaoiaeeiinoe eciaiaiey
oaeoeee yeiiiie/aneeo ia?. I/aaeaeii, /oi nia?aiaiiay iiiaoa?iay
iieeoeea — neaaia ianoi. Anoue e ae?oaea i?aaeiinueee, auioaeaeathuea
caaeoiaoueny i anae yeiiiie/aneie no?aoaaee e aeaaea i oa?ieiao.
I?aaeoaeuenoai, a ia ainoaea?noai, i?iaiaeeo e ianao ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca
?aaeecoaioth yeiiiie/aneoth iieeoeeo. Iaoa i?aaeoaeuenoai ia noieue oae
ioaa/aao ca naie aeaenoaey. Aeaeeii, iioiio, /oi ia yaeyaony
aeaenoaeoaeueiui nicaeaoaeai e i?aaiecaoi?ii naiae iieeoeee. Ii e?aeiae
ia?a, oaeie auaiae iiaeii naeaeaoue ec ?aaeueiie i?aeoeee.
I?aaei?eyoey e aeiiaoiea oicyenoaa noaee aea?oaaie oiiiyiooie eiaooee.
Noeioee?oy o?e i?ei?eoaoiuo naeoi?a — aeeeuea, naeueneia oicyenoai,
yenii?o, i?iaeaiu i?inoi “?aciacaee” e iieo/eee eioeyoeeiiiue iaeia.
Oau, a 1999 aiaeo yoa oaiaeaioeey, aeaeeii, aoaeao i?iaeieaeaia. Iia
eaaeaony, e?eoe/aneoth oi/eo ia?aeiia iai aua i?aaenoieo eniuoaoue.
Aaaeue caeeth/aiiua n ?inneae aeiaiai?aiiinoe i nicaeaiee aaeeiuo
oneiaee oicyenoaiaaiey canoaayo ian iiaeieiaoue oeaiu aei o?iaiy
ninaaeae, i?iaiaeeoue eiiiainaoeee ianaeaieth, /oiau oaaee/eoue aai
aeioiaeu. A yoi iiuiay eioeyoeeiiiay aieia. Iethn e yoiio a athaeaeaoa
caeiaeaii i?iaeieaeaiea noaneaee?iaaiey naea e aeeeeuiiai
no?ieoaeuenoaa.
Nei?i iu noieeiainy n noaeaieai iioaioeeaea ioa/anoaaiiiai ?uiea. Anee
a1997 aiaeo n?aaeiyy naiuey o?aoeea 67 USD a ianyoe ia iieoieo
i?iaeoeoia ieoaiey, e aua inoaaaeinue ia iaeaaeaeo, iaoaue, oiaa?u
aeeeoaeueiiai iieueciaaiey, oi nae/an i?aaeae — 30 USD. Ianaeaiea
aa?ioeinue a 1992 aiae, eiaaea auaeeaaee ca n/ao ieieiecaoeee
iio?aaeaiey. Ii nouanoao, ia?ae?uo iio?aaeoaeueneee ni?in ia
i?iaeoeoeeth ioa/anoaaiiuo i?iecaiaeeoaeae iaeaaeaeu e iaaaee,
iineaaenoaey neaaeoony e ia ae?oaeo io?aneyo.
*oi iiaeii naeaeaoue naaiaeiy? Iyaeee aa?eaio eciaiaiey oaoiieiaee
yeiiiie/aneie iieeoeee aeieaeai aeeth/aoue:
ioeac io e?aaeeoiie yiennee,
eeaa?aeecaoeeth iaiaiiiai eo?na,
nieaeaiea o?iaiy ?aaeaiaioaoeee oeai,
niyoea ia?aie/aiee aeey iaeiai aeciana,
aaaaeaiea iieiaeeoaeueiie noaaee aaieianeiai i?ioeaioa.
Noieo i?eniio?aoueny e eeoaeneiio iiuoo. O ieo oiaea “ia iioea”
i?eaaoecaoeey ainnianoaaiiinoe. Caoi ?acaeoea iieo/ee iaeue e n?aaeiee
aecian: ethaeyi aeaee aiciiaeiinoue nicaeaaaoue iiaua i?aaei?eyoey
naiinoiyoaeueii ca naie naa?aaeaiey. I?inoay aauue, a yooaeo aunieee.
Aeaaea a ?innee, aaea 70% oicnoauaeoia i?eaaoece?iaaii, ii-?uii/iiio
?aaioaao eeoue 10% ec ieo.
Aac i?eaaoecaoeee caiee ia n?aaioaao ?uii/iue oaeoi?. A Eeoaa iioee
oaeei iooai: i?iaeaaaee ia naio caieth, a i?aai aa oicyenoaaiiiai
eniieueciaaiey ia naiua ?aciua n?iee.
O.AUEIAA, i?aceaeaio Aaei?onneiai nithca i?aaei?eieiaoaeae e
a?aiaeaoi?ia, eaiaeeaeao yeiiiie/aneeo iaoe:
Ii ioeoeeaeueiui aeaiiui, a iaoae no?aia eiaao ianoi nouanoaaiiue ?ino
eiaanoeoeee a iniiaiie eaieoae. Iaeiaei i?e yoii neaaeoao ioiaoeoue
oaiaeaioeeth iaaeaiey a iauai eo iauaia aeiee eiaanoeoeee
i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai oa?aeoa?a. Anee a 1997 aiaeo iia ninoaaeyea 60%, a
1998 aiaeo — 55%, oi ii ?acoeueoaoai yiaa?y oaeouaai aiaea — oaea 47%.
A /ai i?e/eiu?
Eae ecaanoii, enoi/ieeii eiaanoeoeee, a eiia/iii eoiaa, yaeyaony /enoay
i?eaueue i?aaei?eyoee. ?aioaaaeueiinoue aea io?aneae yeiiiieee a
n?aaeiai ca i?ioeue aiae ninoaaeea 10%. Aieaa 14% io iauaai /enea
i?aaei?eyoee ?anioaeeee aiiaua ieacaeenue oauoi/iuie.
Iinoiyiiia nieaeaiea o?iaiy ?aioaaaeueiinoe iaoneiaeaii a iniiaiii
aeaoiy iiiaioaie: aaeieieno?aoeaiui ia?aie/aieai ?inoa oeai ia
i?iaeoeoeeth e iinoiyiiui iaaeaieai eo?na iaoeeiiaeueiie aaethou e,
neaaeiaaoaeueii, ?anoouae noieiinoueth cao?ao ia i?iecaiaenoai. A yoeo
oneiaeyo i?eaueue noaiiaeony iniiaiui enoi/ieeii iiiieiaiey iai?ioiuo
n?aaenoa, i eaeeo-eeai eiaanoeoeeyo iao oaea e ?a/e.
Aeaaiay i?iaeaia naaiaeiy: eae auaeeoue a oneiaeyo eioeyoeee ecaea?aeae
e iaiaoiaeeiinoe ianuuaiey aioo?aiiaai ?uiea iaiainiiaaiii aeaoaauie
oiaa?aie. Iai?eia?, iaeii ec i?aaei?eyoee iaoaai nithca — Eeaeneee
iiei/ii-eiina?aiue eiiaeiao i?e aeiaaiii iauaia ?aaeecaoeee 1,8
ie?ae.?oa. eiaao ii/oe 500 iei. ?oa. oauoeia. Onoaiiaeaiiua oeaiu ia
i?iaeoeoeeth Ai?enianeie iaea?iiiie oaa?eee ii/oe a aeaa ?aca ieaea
cao?ao ia aa i?iecaiaenoai.
Ec-ca ?aceiai iaaeaiey ?aioaaaeueiinoe, a oaeaea nie?auaiey
aiciiaeiinoae eaaaeueiiai i?eia?aoaiey aaethou a i/aiue neiaeiie
oeiainiaie neooaoeee naaiaeiy ieacaeenue i?aaei?eyoey, iieo/eaoea a naia
a?aiy noieue aeaeaiiua aaethoiua e?aaeeou, a /anoiinoe ii eeiee
Aa?iiaeneiai aaiea ?aeiino?oeoeee e ?acaeoey.
N niaeaeaieai auioaeaeaia i?eciaoue nieaeaiea eioa?ana e Aaea?one e o
eiino?aiiuo eiaanoi?ia. Anee a 1998 aiaeo eo n?aaenoaa ninoaaeyee 7%
iauaai iauaia eiaanoeoeee a iniiaiie eaieoae, a yiaa?a iuiaoiaai aiaea
— oieueei 1%.
Eiino?aiiua eiaanoi?u eae iioaioeeaeueiua, oae e oaea inaieaoea naia
aeaei a iaoae ?anioaeeea, aeaaiie i?iaeaiie iacuaatho ia ath?ie?aoeci e
aeaaea ia aeanoeinoue e ia?aa?oaeaiiinoue iaeiaiaie nenoaiu, a, i?aaeaea
anaai, iaonoie/eainoue e iai?aaeneacoaiinoue caeiiiaeaoaeueii-i?aaiaie
n?aaeu. Iinoiyiiia ?anoe?aiea aeaeia aeayoaeueiinoe, o?aaothueo
niaoeeaeueiuo ?ac?aoaiee e eeoeaicee, aaeieieno?aoeaiia aiaoaoaeuenoai a
aii?inu oeaiiia?aciaaiey e nauoa i?iaeoeoeee, ?aaoey?iua ei??aeoe?iaee
iieeoeee a iaeanoe ?an/aoia, aeaeaeaiey oeiainiauo iioieia e eioe?iaee
iaoeeiiaeueiie aaethou iethn iiaoi?ythueany n caaeaeiui iinoiyinoaii
cai?aou ia ?aaeno?aoeeth e o?aaiaaiey ia?a?aaeno?aoeee aeaeatho aecian a
iaoae no?aia i?aeoe/anee iai?aaeneacoaiui.
Aio aua iaeei i?eia?. ANIeA noieeioeny n i?iaeaiie cae?uoey iaeiiai ec
niaianoiuo i?aaei?eyoee–/eaiia nithca. Eiino?aiiue eiaanoi?, aaacoee
nthaea ianeieueei eao iacaae iai?oaeiaaiea a ea/anoaa aeeaaea a onoaaiue
oiiae, ia iiaeao nae/an iieo/eoue yeaeaaeaio naiae aeiee, ia aiai?y oaea
i aeeaeaeaiaeao. Oi/iaa, yeaeaaeaio ii iiaeao iieo/eoue, ii a
aaei?onneeo ?oaeyo (i?aaei?eyoea ?aaioaei ia aioo?aiiee ?uiie). Ii iaoe
?oaee, eae ecaanoii, eiatho oiaeaeaiea oieueei a Aaea?one…
A.IIAAE, ieieno? ii oi?aaeaieth ainoaea?noaaiiui eiouanoaii e
i?eaaoecaoeee:
Iu enoiaeei ec oiai, /oi i?iiaaeeaiea a i?iaaaeaiee einoeoooeeiiaeueiuo
i?aia?aciaaiee a yeiiiieea iiaeao iaaoaii neacaoueny ia
nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneie ianoaiiaea a no?aia.
Noaoenoe/aneea aeaiiua naeaeaoaeuenoaotho i oii, /oi a neiaeiuo ?uii/iuo
oneiaeyo /anoiua e ?aoi?ie?iaaiiua i?aaei?eyoey ?aaioatho aieaa
noaaeeueii, auno?aa i?eniinaaeeaathony e e?eceniui oneiaeyi. Oae, oaiiu
?inoa iauaiia i?iecaiaenoaa i?iiuoeaiiie i?iaeoeoeee ca 1998 aiae
ninoaaeee 6,1% ia aini?aaei?eyoeyo e 17,8% — ia iaainoaea?noaaiiuo, a
o./. 13,7% — a aeoeeiia?iuo iauanoaao.
Ii aeaiiui ?aano?a iaieaoaaeaniiniaiuo ainoaea?noaaiiuo i?aaei?eyoee n
/eneaiiinoueth ?aaioathueo aei ouny/e /aeiaae, noi?ie?iaaiiiai Eiieoaoii
ii naiaoeee e aaie?ionoao, ii ninoiyieth ia 1.10.98a., 18% i?aaei?eyoee
oauoi/iu. Eeoue 7% ec ieo eiatho aiciiaeiinoue ainnoaiiaeoue
ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoue a oa/aiea 6–10 ianyoeaa. Iu aieioioth
i?eaeeceeenue e iaiaoiaeeiinoe ?aaeueiiai i?iaaaeaiey ?ano?oeoo?ecaoeee
iaieaoaaeaniiniaiuo i?aaei?eyoee e eo naiaoeee. A oeaeyo i?aeoe/aneiai
iaania/aiey noaeaaiuo ?aoaiee a no?aia i?aaieciaaia e oniaoii
inouanoaeyaony iiaeaioiaea aiaoieo oi?aaeythueo a i?ioeaaeo?a
aaie?ionoaa.
I.EAIEOOEA, iiiiuiee I?aceaeaioa, i?ioanni?:
Eaii?e?iaaiea caeiiia yeiiiieee i?iaeieaeaaony. Onoie/eaie iiaeao auoue
oieueei ?uii/iay yeiiiieea. Iia ?acaeaaaony ii eeoue ae i?enouei
caeiiai. Enoaoe, eiaiii eo iiiaieaoiaa eaii?e?iaaiea ?ac?ooeei
nioeeaeeci.
Aeey ian nae/an noieo aii?in i oaiiao ?aoi?i, eia/a aiai?y, ia eo
oia?aiiinoe. ?aiueoa y aue i?eaa?aeaioeai aieaa auno?iai iooe. Ii iinea
oiai eae aeeaea iiciaeiieeny n iieeoeeie, eciaiee iiaiea.
Iaoe iooe, iaeiaei, ieacaeenue caiaaeeaiiuie: e niaeaeaieth, iao
eiiaiaeu, eioi?ay au eiaea i?ia?aiio e auiieiyea /aoeea ia?u.
Onoie/eaiai ?acaeoey Aaea?onue iiaeao aeinoe/ue oieueei ca n/ao
eioaineaiuo oaeoi?ia. A ia caaiaeao 50% oneiaii aac?aaioiuo. Nio?aiea
ethaeae, iu i?iaaaeaee a yooaeoeaiinoe. Aa o?iaaiue ianoieueei iecie,
/oi no?aia naia ia iiaeao inouanoaeoue iiaea?iecaoeeth i?iecaiaenoaa.
Neacaeenue ioeaee aaethoii-e?aaeeoiie iieeoeee e eiio?iey oeai. Aieaa
oiai, i?iaeaia aeaiaaeii-e?aaeeoiie iieeoeee aei ia/aea aiaea ia o?iaia
ainoaea?noaaiiie iieeoeee oae e ia iaoea naiaai ?ac?aoaiey. Anee ia
eciaiei iiaeoiae e iae, oi a iaa–ethia neooaoeey noaiao aua ooaea.
Aea?aeei oeaiu — oie/oiaeaai i?iecaiaenoai, athaeaeao, naay. I?iaeaia
eiio?iey oeai iiaeiaiyaony o ian eo onoaiiaeaieai. ss n/eoath, /oi
ainoaea?noaaiiue eiio?ieue aeieaeai inouanoaeyoueny n iiiiuueth
eiaeeeaoeaiuo oeai. Neieueei iio?aaiaaeinue oneeee, /oiau i?ae?aoeoue
eiio?iee?iaaoue oeaiu ia yenii?o. Auoiae aeaeo iaeei: ia/aoue, iaeiiaoe,
?oeiaiaenoaiaaoueny caeiiaie oiaa?ii-aeaiaaeiuo ioiioaiee.
TH.AEANEEI, niaaoiee i?aaenaaeaoaey i?aaeaiey Iaoeeiiaeueiiai aaiea:
Aeaaiui aaeoi?ii iaoaai ?acaeoey aeieaeii noaoue iiauoaiea
i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea e eaieoaea ia iniiaa auno?iai aoiaeaeaiey a
ie?iaoth yeiiiieeo. Aniiiieoa Eaieia: a ni?aaiiaaiee yeiiiie/aneeo
nenoai iiaaaeeo oio, o eiai auoa i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue o?oaea.
Enoi/ieeaie ?ano?nia aeey yoiai aeieaeiu noaoue iaeiieaiey i?aaei?eyoee,
naa?aaeaiey ianaeaiey (nae/an ainoaea?noai aanoea?aiiiii ia?auaaony ni
naa?aaeaieyie a?aaeaeai — iie iinoiyiii iaanoeaieaathony) e eiino?aiiua
eiaanoeoeee, oaoiieiaee, iaiaaeaeiaio. *oiau iioee eiino?aiiua
eiaanoeoeee, ioaeiu iieeoe/aneay noaaeeueiinoue e aeiaa?ea e
ainoaea?noaaiiie iieeoeea, ieceay eioeyoeey e noaaeeueiinoue
iaoeeiiaeueiie aaethou, naiaiaea i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneie aeayoaeueiinoe e
i?iaaaeaiea ?acainoaea?noaeaiey e i?eaaoecaoeee.
E niaeaeaieth, nae/an ainoaea?noai ia iaania/eaaao naie ooieoeee
ieaie?iaaiey. Iecea eaaeeoeeaoeey nio?oaeieeia ainaiia?aoa. I?ioeaaoaao
ath?ie?aoeci a iaeooaeoeo oi?iao. Iiiaea aaaeiua ?aoaiey i?eieiathony
niiioaiii, aac iaaeeaaeauaai yeiiiie/aneiai e oeiainiaiai iainiiaaiey.
Athaeaeaoiay nenoaia noaea ?aaioaoue naia ia naay, a ia ia anth
yeiiiieeo. Ieienoa?noai yeiiiieee iioa?yei naith ?ieue eii?aeeie?othuaai
i?aaia, oionoeei ?uiie oi?aaeaiey, iiaeiaiea nenoaiioth ?aaioo oaeo/eie.
E oiio aea o ian ia ?acaeaeaia ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca ?acoeueoaou.
Iaaa?iu iai?aaeaiey o/anoey a iaaeaeoia?iaeiie oi?aiaea. Nae/an iu
auioneaai noaiaea?oece?iaaiioth i?iiuoeaiioth i?iaeoeoeeth iaaunieiai
ea/anoaa aeey ?O, ?anioaeee NIA e ?acaeaathueony no?ai. Aio n
?acaeaathueieny e eiaeono?eaeueiuie no?aiaie iaaei aieueoa ?aaioaoue,
oai aeaiueae e oaoiieiaee. Ia ?uiea ?innee iu aea?aeeiny iiea nouanoaoao
iuiaoiee — i?eia?ii a 2,5 ?aca– aeenia?eoao oeai. Ninaaeneee ?uiie —
yoi oiaea ?uiie eiieo?aioeee, a eioi?ii nei?i aoaeao iaaiciiaeii
aunoiyoue ioa/anoaaiiie i?iaeoeoeee n a? i/aiue aunieeie ecaea?aeeaie.
Iai ianouii iaiaoiaeeii ?acaeaaoue o?ainii?oiua e ae?oaea aeaeu oneoa,
oo?eci.
Iaeiei neiaii, oi/aoue noaoue oiiae — ae?oaee n oiiuie ethaeueie.
AEaeaaoue noaoue aiaa/a — nio?oaeie/ae n oaie, eoi oaea aeiaeeny yoiai.
A.AeAOEAAE*, eniieieoaeueiue aee?aeoi? “Aaeaaci?iiaaiea”:
Nooue iaoae yeiiiie/aneie iiaeaee , eioi?ay ia iiaeaeaaony
niaa?oainoaiaaieth — e?aaeeoiay yeniainey i?e aeanoeii ainoaea?noaaiiii
oi?aaeaiee. Io?eoeaoaeueiay aeioiaeiinoue e eneeth/aiea aaei?onneiai
?oaey ec aiaoiaai ia?auaiey i?eaaee e ianniaiio aaanoao io
iaoeeiiaeueiuo aeaiaa. Any au?o/ea no?aiu nie?aoeeanue aei 2,8 ie?ae.
USD. Oaeea iieacaoaee eiaao n?aaeiyy caiaaeiay eiiiaiey. Nianoaaiiue
eaieoae aaieia iaanoeaieeny aaeaia. Eioeyoeey ca i?ioeue aiae aeinoeaea
o?aocia/iuo oeeo?, oaiiu iaaeaiey eo?na i?aauneee 300%. I?aeoe/anee a
aeaa ?aca ca i?ioeue aiae oiaiueoeeenue aeaiaaeiua caianu ianaeaiey.
Oaaee/aiea aeaiaa ia n/aoao i?ienoiaeeo oieueei ca n/ao i?aieaeueiuo:
ethaee aeaiueae a aaiee ia ianoo. Ianaeaiea aiiaua ia aeaeaao
naa?aaeaiee.
Ethaay iiiuoea niaa?oainoaiaaiey aaei?onneie iiaeaee ia iiaeao aeaoue
iieiaeeoaeueiiai yooaeoa, ieeaeea /anoiua ia?u a i?eioeeia ia iiaoo
ie/aai eciaieoue. Iaeuecy noeioee?iaaoue ?oaeue a io?uaa io ?aaeueiiai
naeoi?a yeiiiieee, io?eoeaoaeueiie i?ioeaioiie noaaee. I?ei?eoaoiua
noa?u — aeeeuea, naeueneia oicyenoai — oaeaea iaaiciiaeii
oeiaine?iaaoue. Yenii?oo ioaeiu eiaanoeoeee. Aioo?aiieo iao, aiaoiea
iieaeoo oieueei ooaea, aaea anoue noaaeeueiinoue. AEanoeay
aeaiaaeii-e?aaeeoiay iieeoeea ia aeaao yooaeoa aac einoeoooeeiiaeueiuo
i?aia?aciaaiee. Iiaeoaa?aeaeaiea oiai — ?inney. A /oiau aeaenoaeoaeueii
ca?aaioaee nioeeaeueiua aii?oecaoi?u, iaaei iaiaaeeaiii nieiaoue
ia?aie/aiey ia ?acaeoea iaeiai e n?aaeiaai aeciana.
Ae.AAIE?IOO, noa?oee iaiaaeaea? ?aaeiia EI “Aeaeieo e Ooo”:
I?ia?ann a yeiiiieea e aeecie ethaeae i?ienoiaeeo oieueei aeaaiaea?y
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiie /aeiaa/aneie eieoeeaoeaa. Oi i?aaeoaeuenoai, eioi?ia
ia iaoaao eiaeeaeaeoaeai i?iyaeyoue eieoeeaoeao e ?aaioaoue ia
nianoaaiiia iaiaauaiea, niinianoaoao iiauoaieth aeaaininoiyiey anao
/eaiia iauanoaa.
Aeaaiay caaea/a aeey Aaea?one — iaania/aiea noaaeeueiinoe
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa: iaeiaiaiai, a aaethoiii ?aaoee?iaaiee. Nae/an
iaeiaiaua i?aaeea iaiythony i/aiue auno?i. E oiio aea ethaee, auiieiaiea
yoeo i?aaee eiio?iee?othuea, o?aeootho eo ii-?aciiio. Oaeaea ii-?aciiio
ioeaieaatho e eniieiytho iaeie e oa aea caeiiiaeaoaeueiua aeou ?acee/iua
i?aaenoaaeoaee aini?aaiia. Caeiiiaeaoaeuenoai aeieaeii auoue aaeeiui
aeey anao e iiiyoiui. A aai oieeiaaiee eae ?ac ia aeieaeii auoue
?acii/oaiee.
ss.?IIAI*OE, yeiiiie/aneee aiaeeoee AOe “No?aoaaey”:
Iaaei iaiyoue iiaeaeue ?acaeoey. A aaei?onneie iiaeaee yeiiiie/aneiai
?acaeoey iaaei eneaoue ioaao ia aii?in I?aceaeaioa: ii/aio AAI a no?aia
?anoao, a o?iaaiue aeecie iaaeaao.
Aeaeea?e?oaiua oeaee aeieaia?aiaiiiai noaaeeueiiai ?inoa, nioeeaeueiie
caueou ianaeaiey, ?acaeoey aunieioaoiieiae/iuo i?iecaiaenoa e nicaeaiey
oneiaee aeey i?eaea/aiey eiaanoeoeeiiiuo ?ano?nia aeinoeaathony i?e
iiiiue iieeoeee “aeaoaauo aeaiaa”. I?e/ai ia anai, a eeoue i?ei?eoaoiui
io?aneyi. Ainoaea?noai noeioee?oao ni?in, iaania/eaay aeaoaaue e?aaeeo.
?acoeueoao: naeueneia oicyenoai oauoi/ii, ianiio?y ia 22 o?ei. ?oa.,
aeiaeaiiuo a iaai a 1998 aiaeo. ?aioaaaeueiinoue no?ieoaeuenoaa
ieieiaeueia. Yenii?oa?u ec noa?u iaoeiino?iaiey, yeaeo?iieee e auoiaie
oaoieee auaeeaatho aeaaiaea?y oiio, /oi ainoaea?noai i?iuaao ei noa?ua
aeieae, iaania/eaaao eiiaa?oaoeeth ii eueaioiiio eo?no, aeaao iaeiaiaua
eueaiou e e?aaeeou iiae iieiaeio eee /aoaa?oue noaaee ?aoeiaine?iaaiey,
eioi?ay naia ii naaa io?eoeaoaeueia. I oii, ianeieueei nioeeaeueia
aua?aiiay iiaeaeue, naeaeaoaeuenoaoao oio oaeo, /oi naaiaeiy aaei?on
aeieaeai ?aaioaoue ia 7–10 eao aieueoa, /oiau eoieoue oi aea naiia, /oi
iieye.
Ana iiiuoee auoyiooue yeiiiieeo ca ooe i?e iiiiue eneonnoaaiiuo
eieiiioeaia i?eaiaeyo e iea/aaiui iineaaenoaeyi. Aeaiueae
iaeiaiieaoaeueueeia ooiaeyo a ianie, iiaua ia?niaeoeaiua ?aai/ea ianoa
ia nicaeathony, ?ino AAI nianai ia icia/aao iiauoaiey o?iaiy
aeaaininoiyiey ianaeaiey. No?aia oaea aoi?ie aiae ia iiaeao aueoe ia
iieiaeeoaeueioth noaaeo i?ioeaioa. Iao ie iaeiiai eino?oiaioa
naa?aaeaiey n?aaenoa. Eioeyoeey nuaaeaao naa?aaeaiey a?aaeaeai,
iai?ioiua n?aaenoaa i?aaei?eyoee, ca?ieaou athaeaeaoieeia.
Ie i?aaeoaeuenoai, ie o/aiua-yeiiiienou, ie aee?aeoi?a ia eiatho
aeinoiaa?iie eioi?iaoeee a aeaea ?aaeueiuo oeai. Iaaiciiaeai
iieiioeaiiue yeiiiie/aneee ?ino a no?aia oneiaiuo aaeeieoe.
Aoi?ie e?oiiue iaaeinoaoie aaei?onneie nenoaiu — oeaio?aeecaoeey
i?eiyoey yeiiiie/aneeo ?aoaiee. Eieeaeoeaii ?iaeaeaiiua, iie i?eaiaeyo e
eieeaeoeaiie aacioaaonoaaiiinoe, e iaaiciiaeiinoe aiciauaiey oauoeia io
i?iaaeueiuo i?iaeoia.
A a yoi a?aiy ninaaeiea no?aiu a iieiie ia?a eniieuecotho neooaoeeth a
naith iieueco. I?eaaeoeea noaea oeiainiai-aaieianeei oeaio?ii. Iieueoa
nicaeaea iaaaeueiia i?iecaiaenoai n oi?aiaui iai?ioii a 1,9 ie?ae. USD a
aiae, ca?aaioaea ?aiooaoeeth aaaeouae aaoiiiaeeueiie aea?aeaau Aa?iiu
(aei 800 oun. aaoiiiaeeae a aiae) e ea?oioaeueiie ?anioaeeee. Aaia?ey
caaaeeea eiioeiaio ca?iii, aianoa n *aoeae ia?aoaaoeea auaiaeiua
eiio?aeou a noa?a iaoeiino?iaiey. Ynoiineea e eaoaeeneea aaoioyaa/e
ianeoaeeaatho o?ainii?oiua iioiee n Caiaaea ia ?inneth e Oe?aeio.
Iyniua, eieaaniua e oooaii/iua iioiee iaaaei?onneiai i?ienoiaeaeaiey
ei?iyo ?inneeneea e oe?aeineea ?aaeiiu. Aaia?u, /aoe, iieyee, i?eaaeou
nicaeaee eiaeono?eth oo?ecia, ioaeuoa e ?acaea/aiee. Athaeaeaou eo no?ai
iieo/atho iaeiae. A /oi iieo/aao Aaea?onue? Anee ea?aeeiaeueii ia
iiiaiyoue iniiaiua ia?aiao?u yeiiiie/aneie iieeoeee e ia ia?aniio?aoue
oeaeaaoth iiaeaeue, oi i iaoeo oiaa?ao anei?a aeaaea ia aioo?aiiai ?uiea
ia/ioo caauaaoue.
Iuiaoiyy yeiiiie/aneay iiaeaeue iaania/eaaao eeoue iinoiyiiia iaaeaiea
o?iaiy aeecie, i?aaiaoth aaccaueoiinoue eiaanoi?a e i?iecaiaeeoaey,
nioeeaeueioth oycaeiinoue iio?aaeoaey.
I.IAIAAA, aee?aeoi? IENYIE, i?ioanni?:
A ianaeaiea ana-oaee ca ?uiie. Nouanoaoao i?aaenoaaeaiea, /oi
aaei?onneia iauanoai ia aioiai e aeecie a oneiaeyo ?uii/iie yeiiiieee. E
ia yoii no?iyony eiie?aoiua iieeoe/aneea aeaenoaey.
Aeaiiua nioeeieiae/aneeo ii?inia, i?iaaaeaiiuo iaoei einoeoooii inaiueth
1997 e 1998 aiaeia, naeaeaoaeuenoaotho eae ?ac ia ia?aoiii. Oae,
?uii/ioth yeiiiieeo ni cia/eoaeueiui e iacia/eoaeueiui ain?aaoee?iaaieai
i?aaeii/eoaee aeaa aiaea iacaae 69,7% ii?ioaiiuo. *a?ac aiae eo noaei
aieueoa — oaea 74,6%. Oaeaea iiaeaaeythuaa aieueoeinoai a?aaeaeai
i?aaeii/eoaao oe?ieee auai? oiaa?ia oi?ioaai ea/anoaa ii naiaiaeiui
oeaiai: a 1997 aiaeo eo auei 83,9%, nionoy aiae noaei — 87,1%. Aieueoa
iieiaeiu ii?ioaiiuo — 56,7% n/eoatho, /oi ainoaea?noai ia aeieaeii
ia?aie/eaaoue aeioiaeu a?aaeaeai. E eeoue eaaeaeue iyoue aunooiaao ca eo
ia?aie/aiea aea?aeaaie. 45,5% o/anoieeia ii?inia oaaaeaeaiu, /oi /anoiay
nianoaaiiinoue aieaa yooaeoeaia. Iaiueoa — 41,4% — oaeiaie iacaaee
ainoaea?noaaiioth nianoaaiiinoue. 88,5% ioaaoeee io?eoeaoaeueii ia
aii?in i oii, au?inei ee eo aeaaininoiyiea a nayce n ?inoii AAI a
Aaea?one a 1997 aiaeo ia 10% e a 1998 aiaeo — ia 12%.
Eiia/ii, yoi ia oa aioiaiinoue e aeecie a ?uiea, /oi auea o /aoneiai,
iieueneiai, eeoianeiai iauanoaa ianeieueei eao iacaae, ii i/aaeaeii, /oi
oaea naaiaeiy cia/eoaeueiay /anoue aaei?onneiai iauanoaa aioiaa aeeoue e
?aaioaoue a aieaa aeanoeeo ?uii/iuo oneiaeyo. Yoe iano?iaiey ioaeii,
eiia/ii aea, o/eouaaoue iieeoeeai. Ia ieo iiaeao iie?aoueny
i?aaeoaeuenoai i?e i?iaaaeaiee ?aoi?i.
Ae.OAINAI, aeieoi? yeiiiieee, aeaaiue yeiiiieno Anaie?iiai aaiea
Iniiaa aeey ?inoa — no?oeoo?iua ?aoi?iu. Iineaaeiea ianeieueei eao y
aieueoa ?aaioath a Oe?aeia. Anoanoaaiii, iinoiyiii n?aaieaath iiuo aeaoo
no?ai. Iaa iuoathony eneaoue naie iooue, iaa aeaeaathony iaaeeaiii,
noa?aynue caueoeoue eioa?anu ianaeaiey. Eaaeaeay eiaao oniaoe e
na?ueaciua ioeaee, aei?iai noiyuea ethaeyi.
Aiaoiee aeiea Oe?aeiu aeinoeaaao 30–40% AAI, /oi a ianeieueei ?ac
i?aauoaao o?iaaiue aeieaa Aaea?one. Aeaaiaea?y ionoonoaeth oaeiai a?oca
a aaoae ?anioaeeea, iia ana aua iiaeao auno?i iieoe aia?aae, eiaaea
i?aaeeueii iano?ieo yeiiiieeo.
*ai iianiu aieueoea aeieae? Eo iaaiciiaeii iie?uaaoue ca n/ao ia/aoaiey
aeaiaa. Iiyoiio Anaie?iue aaie i/aiue inoi?iaeii iiaeoiaeeo e oiio,
/oiau aeaaaoue e?aaeeou Aaea?one e yoei, n/eoath, ieacuaaao ae aieueooth
oneoao, o.e. iayooaeoeaiia eniieueciaaiea eaieoaea eiaeeeinue au
aeiiieieoaeueiui a?aiaiai. Oe?aeia iiiaea a yoo eiaooeo: oai
i?aaeoaeuenoai aa?aioe?iaaei noaaeo a 80% ca naie aoiaae. Ie iaeii
i?aaei?eyoea iiaeiaiiai iaania/eoue ia iiaei. A ?acoeueoaoa a
i?iecaiaenoaaiiii naeoi?a ia inoaeinue aeaiaa aeey i?iaeieaeaiey ?aaiou,
e?aaeeou ooee ia niaeoeyoeeth.
Aaea?onue no?aaeaao io eaaceathaeaeaoiiai aeaoeoeeoa — oaeiai, eioi?ue
aicieeaao “ca athaeaeaoii”, ai aiaathaeaeaoiuo oiiaeao. Aai ia n?aco e
?acaeyaeeoue. Ec oaeeo oiiaeia a aieueoae noaiaie oeiaine?oaony,
iai?eia?, noieue aieay io?aneue, eae naeueneia oicyenoai. Aua no?aia
eniieuecoao ianne?iaaiiia ia/aoaiea aeaiaa aeey oeiaine?iaaiey
aeeeeuiiai no?ieoaeuenoaa, naeueneiai oicyenoaa. Yooaeo iieo/aaony
i?ioeaiiieiaeiue io aeaeaaiiai: i?iecaiaenoai ia ?acaeaaaony. A
ainathaeaeaoa oeeo?u i?ae?aniua, a a aeecie — eioeyoeey, aeaoeoeeou,
nieaeaiea aeeciaiiiai o?iaiy ianaeaiey. Ec-ca iaii?aaaeaiiiai ?anoe?aiey
aeaiaaeiie iannu (oieueei a i?ioeii aiaeo iia oaaee/eeanue a ianeieueei
?ac) ieeoi ia ciaao oeai e, neaaeiaaoaeueii, ia eiaao aeinoiaa?iie
eioi?iaoeee. Ia iie acaeyae, anee anoue aeaoeoeeo, oi ionoue ii aoaeao
i?ic?a/iui.
Aeaiueae — ia?eioee. Noeioee?oy yeiiiieeo, iie o?aaotho iinoiyiiiai
oaaee/aiey aeicu: nia/aea ?aceee anieane ia ei?ioeia a?aiy, a iioii
eieeain. Eioeyoeey, eneaaeaiey ia/eiatho aeiieie?iaaoue. Noeioee?oy
ni?in, eioi?ue ?acei oiae n ?ac?ooaieai NNN?, Oe?aeia iioea ia naeaoea
aeaiaaeiie iannu a niioaaonoaee n ?uieii. ?acoeueoao — ieceay eioeyoeey
(10% a aiae) e noaaeeueiue iaiaiiue eo?n (ca eneeth/aieai i?ioeiaiaeiae
8-i?ioeaioiie aeaaaeueaaoeee).
A Aaea?one i?ioeaiiieiaeiay ea?oeia. A aaaeue aeey iiauoaiey i?eauee
iaiaiiue eo?n ea?aao iaeaieaa aaaeioth ?ieue. Iaee/ea ianeieueeeo eo?nia
a no?aia cao?oaeiyao iieo/aiea aeioiaea, ii?iaeaeaao iaieaoaaee e
caaeieaeaiiinoe. Aeueoa?iaoeaa iaeia — i?iaeoeoeaiua e yia?ae/iua
?uii/iua ?aoi?iu.
I.EENAE, aeaaa i?aaenoaaeoaeuenoaa Anaie?iiai aaiea a Aaea?one:
Aaie aioia iiiiaaoue. Aaea?onue — aaeeinoaaiiay ec auaoeo ?anioaeee
NNN?, ia iieo/eaoay io Aaiea ie iaeiiai a?aioa. I?aaeoaeuenoai ia noiaei
?aaeeciaaoue oaeeo iaiaoiaeeiuo ?uii/iuo ia?, eae inaiaiaeaeaiea io
?aaoee?iaaiey, eeaa?aeecaoeeth yeiiiieee, oi?ie?iaaiea i?eaeaeaoaeueiie
aeey /anoiiai i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa n?aaeu.
Naaiaeiy yeiiiieea ?anioaeeee Aaea?onue i?aaenoaaeyao niaie iaai?
aaeieieno?aoeaii-eiiaiaeiuo eino?oiaioia a ?uii/iie iaa?oea. ?uii/iay
yeiiiieea eeai anoue, eeai aa iao. Aeaaea a ia?eiae o?ainoi?iaoeee io
iaeiie yeiiiie/aneie nenoaiu e ae?oaie aeieaeii auoue i?ic?a/ii e
iaaeaoniuneaiii au?aaeaii io?eoeaiea i?aaeiae nenoaiu oi?aaeaiey e
ioe?uoia i?iiiaaaeiaaiea ?uii/iuo i?eioeeiia. Aeaaea iaaeeaiiay
o?ainoi?iaoeey i?aaeiieaaaao i?ia?ann a inouanoaeaiee ?uii/iuo
i?aia?aciaaiee. Eo i?iaeieaeaiea e nicaeaiea /anoiiai naeoi?a — yoe
aii?inu yaeythony aeey Anaie?iiai aaiea eeth/aauie aeey aiciaiiaeaiey
e?aaeeoiie iiaeaea?aeee iieeoeee ?aoi?ie?iaaiey no?aiu.
Iaoa?eaeu eiioa?aioeee iiaeaioiaeea E?eia AEOEIAA
?AOI?IA IAEIAIAI-ATHAeAEAOIIE NENOAIU IA OA?IEO IAIAAeOIAIIUO
YENIA?EIAIOIA (Iiaiey i ?aoi?ie?iaaiee athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu)
Aeaaeeie? OAEAAEIEEIA, Aaei?onneee einoeooo
ainoaea?noaaiiiai no?ieoaeuenoaa e caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa
I?ioeann noaiiaeaiey iiauo iiaeoiaeia e iaeiaiiaeiaeaieth e eo
caeiiiaeaoaeueiiio ioi?ieaieth ia/aeny a 1992 aiaeo. Yoi au?aceeinue a
eciaiaiee no?oeoo?u, aeaeia e noaaie iaeiaia. A eiioea 1991 aiaea
Caeiiii “I iaeiaao e nai?ao, eioi?ua aa?oony a athaeaeao ?anioaeeee
Aaea?onue” aue onoaiiaeai ia?a/aiue iaeiaia e nai?ia, iiaeeaaeaueo
ia?a/eneaieth a ?anioaeeeaineee athaeaeao, a oaeaea onoaiiaeaia ii?ia, a
niioaaonoaee n eioi?ie ianoiua i?aaiu i?aaenoaaeoaeueiie aeanoe eiatho
i?aai onoaiaaeeaaoue ianoiua iaeiae, nai?u, iioeeiu. Ia?a/eneaiea
iaeiaia e nai?ia a ianoiua athaeaeaou ?aaoee?oaony Caeiiii “I ianoiii
naiioi?aaeaiee e ianoiii oicyenoaa a ?anioaeeea Aaea?onue”. A yoi aea
a?aiy auee i?eiyou caeiiiaeaoaeueiua aeou (aieaa 16), ?aaoee?othuea
i?eiaiaiea eiie?aoiuo iaeiaia e nai?ia.
A i?ioeanna niaa?oainoaiaaiey iaeiaiaay nenoaia i?eioeeieaeueii ia
eciaieeanue aei ianoiyuaai a?aiaie. Neaaeoao i?eciaoue, /oi nicaeaoue
naaeaine?iaaiiue iaeiaiai-athaeaeaoiue iaoaieci ia oaeaeinue, oioy
iaeiieai aeinoaoi/iue iiuo aeey iineaaeothuaai iniuneaiiiai
?aoi?ie?iaaiey iaeiaiaie nenoaiu. Aoaeao ee ii aino?aaiaai?
I?aaeoaeuenoai enoiaeeei e i?iaeieaeaao enoiaeeoue ec i?eioeeia
oi?ie?iaaiey ainoaea?noaaiiiai athaeaeaoa iiae nouanoaothuea
iio?aaiinoe. Aan iaeiaia, nai?ia e io/eneaiee a AAI Aaea?one ninoaaee: a
1992 aiaeo — 42,9%, a 1993 aiaeo — 63,3%, a 1994 aiaeo — 58,7%, a 1995
aiaeo — 50,2%, a 1996 aiaeo — ieiei 43%. O/eouaay, /oi aeaiiua
iieacaoaee noi?ie?iaaiu ii oaeoe/aneiio iinooieaieth ieaoaaeae a
athaeaeao, nieaeaiea aana iaeiaia e nai?ia a AAI ia icia/aao oiaiueoaiey
iaeiaiaiai i?anna ia noauaeou oicyenoaiaaiey. Aieaa oiai, iaeiaiaay
iaa?ocea ia yooaeoeaii ?aaioathuea i?aaei?eyoey e noa?u aeayoaeueiinoe
o?aaeeoeeiiii aic?anoaao.
Iayooaeoeaiinoue i?iaiaeeiie yeiiiie/aneie iieeoeee e
iaeiaiai-athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu eae a /anoe niioaaonoaey aa ?aaeueiui
?ano?nai, oae e a /anoe eniieiaiey iaeiaiauie i?aaiaie iiaeoaa?aeaeaaony
aeaiiuie ca 1996 aiae, ii eioi?ui i?e ieaie?oaiii ecuyoee 43% AAI a
athaeaeao iinooieei eeoue ieiei 27% AAI.
Aan ianoiuo iaeiaia e nai?ia a eiinieeaee?iaaiiii athaeaeaoa no?aiu ia
i?aauoae o?ao i?ioeaioia. *?acia?iay oeaio?aeecaoeey
iaeiaiai-athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu ia iicaieyao
aaeieieno?aoeaii-oa??eoi?eaeueiui aaeeieoeai inouanoaeyoue ia?niaeoeaiia
ieaie?iaaiea aeiiieieoaeueiuo enoi/ieeia iaeiaiauo iinooieaiee e
?acaeoea naieo ?aaeiiia, oae eae inoaaeyaiua a eo ?anii?yaeaiee
ainoaea?noaaiiua iaeiae e nai?u aaeaaiaeii iaiythony. A ?acoeueoaoa
iieeoeea aaeieieno?aoeaii-oa??eoi?eaeueiuo ia?aciaaiee enoiaeeo ia ec
nianoaaiiuo aiciiaeiinoae, a no?ieony ia iaaeaaeaea iieo/aiey aeioaoeee
ec ?anioaeeeaineiai athaeaeaoa, a iioiio yaeyaony cao?aoiie.
Ionoonoaea aaeeiie caeiiiaeaoaeueiie e ii?iaoeaiie aacu
iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey, iiiai/eneaiiinoue ii?iaoeaiuo aeieoiaioia, aoi?aeaiea
eiiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa a iaeiaiaia ?aaoee?iaaiea aeanoaaeeece?iaaee
iaeiaiaua ioiioaiey. I?aaiaua i?iaaeu; i?aeoe/aneia ionoonoaea i?aaiauo
aa?aioee e i?ioeaaeo? acaeiiaeaenoaey aeey o/anoieeia iaeiaiauo
ioiioaiee; eniieueciaaiea aeanoeeo oi?i ioaaonoaaiiinoe ca iaeiaiaua
ia?ooaiey, i?eiaiyaiuo a oneiaeyo ia/aoeiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa;
ionoonoaea i?aaeoi?aaeeoaeueiuo i?ioeaaeo?; /anoua eciaiaiey ii?yaeea
oieaou e noaaie iaeioi?uo ieaoaaeae e ia?ooaiea i?eioeeia ia?aoiie neeu
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa — ana yoi nouanoaaiii iiaei?aaei aeiaa?ea e
yeiiiie/aneie iieeoeea ainoaea?noaa.
I?e ionoonoaee naaeaine?iaaiiie i?aaiaie aacu i?iyaeeenue na?ueaciua
i?ioeai?a/ey aeaaea iaaeaeo oeneaeueiuie i?aaiaie: Ieienoa?noaii
oeiainia, oaiiaeaiiui eiieoaoii e iaeiaiaie einiaeoeeae. A ia?aoth
i/a?aaeue yoi iaoneiaeaii eniieueciaaieai /anoe aeioiaeia io iaeiaiauo
ecuyoee ia oeiaine?iaaiea aeayoaeueiinoe ainoaea?noaaiiie iaeiaiaie
einiaeoeee e oaiiaeaiiiai eiieoaoa e ionoonoaeai iacaaeneiiai
i?ioanneiiaeueiiai eiio?iey iaae eo aeayoaeueiinoueth. Yoi i?iyaeeinue a
?acieoea iiaeoiaeia i?e ii?aaeaeaiee noieiinoe aaiceiiai eiii?oa (a oii
/enea iai?oaeiaaiey ii eeceiao).
Iaii?aaeaeaiiinoue a i?aaiaii ioiioaiee i?e iauai i?aaa onoaiaaeeaaoue
ianoiua iaeiae e nai?u ianoiuie i?aaiaie aeanoe aeanoaaeeece?oao
iaeiaiaua ioiioaiey. Ia yoii naeaeaoaeuenoaoao neooaoeey 1996 e 1997
aiaeia — ianoiua iaeiae e nai?u oaeoe/anee ia?aeeciaaee
iaainoaea?noaaiiue naeoi? yeiiiieee (iniaaiii a noa?a oi?aiaee).
A niioaaonoaee n Caeiiii “I athaeaeaoa ?anioaeeee Aaea?onue ia 1997
aiae” e “Ii?yaeeii aaaaeaiey ianoiuo iaeiaia e nai?ia a 1997 aiaeo”
ianoiui i?aaiai naiioi?aaeaiey niaeanii iieiaeaieth ioieoa 1 a) (“nai?u
n iieueciaaoaey (ca iieueciaaiea aaoinoiyieaie, ca i?aai oi?aiaee, ca
i?aai i?iaaaeaiey aoeoeeiiia, nai? n aeaaeaeueoeaa niaae, eo?i?oiue nai?
e ae?oaea)”), a oaeaea ioieoo 5 (“ianoiua Niaaou aeaiooaoia
naiinoiyoaeueii ii?aaeaeytho aaco, iauaeou iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey, eiie?aoiua
?acia?u noaaie, ieaoaeueueeia, ii?yaeie ia/eneaiey e n?iee oieaou
ianoiuo iaeiaia e nai?ia”) i?aaeinoaaeaii, ii nooe, iaia?aie/aiiia i?aai
onoaiiaeaiey ianoiuo iaeiaia e nai?ia.
Ionoonoaea caeiiiaeaoaeueiiai ?aaoee?iaaiey, a oi/iaa, /aoeiai
ii?aaeaeaiey eiiiaoaioeee ianoiuo i?aaiia naiioi?aaeaiey a /anoe
i?eiaiaiey ianoiuo iaeiaia e nai?ia iaecaaaeii i?eaaaeao e oiio, /oi yoe
i?aaiu, enoiaey ec i?iaeai oi?ie?iaaiey ianoiuo athaeaeaoia, aoaeoo
aaiaeeoue ianoiua iaeiae e nai?u aac o/aoa yeiiiie/aneeo iineaaenoaee e
aianoo yeaiaio iai?aaeneacoaiinoe a yeiiiie/aneea ioiioaiey noauaeoia
oicyenoaiaaiey.
Ia?aua i?eia?u oaea anoue. Ieineee ai?iaeneie niaao naiei ?aoaieai io
11.02.97a. n 1 ia?oa 1997 aiaea aaae ?yae ianoiuo iaeiaia e nai?ia, a
/anoiinoe:
nai? n iaeei?icie/iie oi?aiaee ia aeaaiono?ienoai e ca oai?eo oa??eoi?ee
ca i?aaeaeaie 5-iao?iaie ciiu a ?acia?a 10 ieieiaeueiuo ca?aaioiuo ieao
n eeinea, 5 ieieiaeueiuo ca?aaioiuo ieao n eioea a ianyoe;
o?ainii?oiue nai? ia iaiiaeaiea e ainnoaiiaeaiea ai?iaeneiai
iannaaee?neiai o?ainii?oa a ?acia?a 5% io i?eauee, inoathuaeny a
?anii?yaeaiee i?aaei?eyoey;
nai? ca oneoae a ?acia?a 5% io noiiu (au?o/ee) oneoa ainoeieoe,
?anoi?aiia, eaoa, eaceii, aunoaaie (ca eneeth/aieai niaoeeaeece?iaaiiuo
iioiauo aunoaaie), aunoaaie-i?iaeaae, aano?ieueiuo
oaao?aeueii-eiioea?oiuo ia?ii?eyoee;
5%-ue iaeia io au?o/ee ia i?iaeaaeo ieaa, aeii-aiaei/iuo e oaaa/iuo
ecaeaeee;
nai? ca iieueciaaiea ianoii aeey ia?eiaaiey aaoio?ainii?oa a ?acia?a
0,075 ieieiaeueiie ca?aaioiie ieaou a /an a ethaii ianoa ia?eiaee;
nai? n aeaaeaeueoeaa niaae a ?acia?a io 0,2 aei 1 ieieiaeueiie
ca?aaioiie ieaou a caaeneiinoe io ?acia?a niaaee;
E?iia oiai, ?aoaieai io 12 oaa?aey 1997 aiaea N32 nanneae
Ieiai?eniieeiia ooaa?aeaeaiu iiauoathuea eiyooeoeeaiou e noaaeai
caiaeueiiai iaeiaa e a?aiaeiie ieaou ca caieth. Aeaei aeaaea ia a
?aoeeiiaeueiinoe eee aano?aeiinoe oiai eee eiiai aaaaeaiiiai nai?a, a a
oii, /oi naie i?aaa a /anoe iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey Ieiai?eniieeii ?aaeeciaae
aua aeaeaei ia iieiinoueth e aeaeueiaeoea aai oaae iai?aaeneacoaiu.
Oaeia no?aieaiea aeanoae ?aoeoue i?iaeaiu, naycaiiua n iaaeinoaoeii
n?aaenoa a ?anioaeeeaineii e ianoiuo athaeaeaoao, aaconeiaii,
ii?aaaeaiii. Ii aoaeoo ee iieo/aiu aeaeaaiua ?acoeueoaou? Aaaeue i?e
yoii aeaaea ia o/eouaaaony io?eoeaoaeueiue iiuo ?innee iaaeaaieo eao,
eiaaea ianoiua aaeieieno?aoeee /eieee i?iecaie a noa?a aaaaeaiey ianoiuo
iaeiaia e nai?ia. Aeaaiaea?y iaaeinoaoi/iiio i?aaiaiio ?aaoee?iaaieth
?aaeiiaeueiua e ianoiua i?aaiu aeanoe aaaee aieaa noa ?acee/iuo iaeiaia
e nai?ia e nouanoaaiii aeanoaaeeece?iaaee iaeiaiaua ioiioaiey. A
?acoeueoaoa yoi iieiaeaiea auei a no?aia ioiaiaii.
Oeacii i?aceaeaioa Aaea?one ?70 io 20 yiaa?y 1997 aiaea e Iinoaiiaeaieai
Niaaoa Ieieno?ia ?46 io 31 yiaa?y 1997 aiaea onoaiiaeaiu oeene?iaaiiua
noiiu iaeiaa ia i?eaueue e oaa?aeua noiiu iiaeioiaeiiai iaeiaa,
aceiaaiua aaeaiany/ii ii eaaeaeiio iauaeoo oi?aiaee (iauanoaaiiiai
ieoaiey), oi?aiaiio ianoo.
Oi, /oi i?aaeoaeuenoai i?eaaaei e yoiio i?eaio, aiai?eo i e?aeia ieceie
aeenoeeieeia iaeiaiieaoaeueueeia a noa?a /anoiie oi?aiaee (?aaio,
oneoa). Ii aa?ii ee ii?aaeaeaiu i?e/eiu e iaoiaeu? I/aaeaeii, /oi
iaeiaiaua “iiaoanoaa” a eiia/iii eoiaa io?acyony ia iau/iii
aacaeaiaaeiii iio?aaeoaea e ianouanoaaiii cao?iioo aieaa iaania/aiioth
/anoue ianaeaiey.
Iac?aea iaiaoiaeeiinoue ?aoi?iu a noa?a iaeiaiauo ioiioaiee, oae eae
aaaaeaieai aeiiieieoaeueiuo iaeiaia e nai?ia ia ethaii o?iaia
(?anioaeeeaineii eee ianoiii) i?iaeai ia ?aoeoue. E?iia oiai, iaeii ec
iaycaoaeueiuo o?aaiaaiee e iaeiaiaie nenoaia — iinoiyinoai e
i?aaeneacoaiinoue. A iaoai neo/aa yoio oaeoi? ionoonoaoao iieiinoueth.
Nouanoaoao ?yae i?iaeoia Iaeiaiaiai eiaeaena Aaea?one. A eo iniiaa —
i?iaeo iiaiai Iaeiaiaiai eiaeaena ?innee.
Iaiaoiaeeiinoue nicaeaiey nii?yaaaiiai iaeiaiaiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa a
ia?aoth i/a?aaeue ia oa??eoi?ee NIA i/aaeaeia. Iaoe no?aiu ia?aaeeaatho
ai iiiaii noiaeea yeiiiie/aneea o?oaeiinoe e, e?iia oiai, yaeythony
o?aaeeoeeiiiuie ia?oia?aie a noa?a i?iecaiaenoaa e oi?aiaee.
A iiaeaioiaea iiaiai iaeiaiaiai eiaeaena ?inney i?iaeaeioeanue
ianeieueei aeaeueoa Aaea?one — oai aunoea i?aaiu aeanoe
(Ainoaea?noaaiiay Aeoia) oaea ?anniao?eaatho i?iaeo, a iao ia?eaiaio aai
aua ia ianoaeaeae. Iaeiaei iaiaoiaeeii o/eouaaoue ?yae iauaeoeaiuo
oaeoi?ia. Iaeaieaa i/aaeaeiua — ?acee/ey a eiinoeoooeeiiiii ono?ienoaa e
a aaciauo ?ano?nao aeaoo no?ai. A ?innee nouanoaoao o?aoo?iaiaaay
athaeaeaoiay nenoaia (ainoaea?noaaiiue, ?aaeiiaeueiua e ianoiua
athaeaeaou), a Aaea?one — aeaooo?iaiaaay (ainoaea?noaaiiue e ianoiua).
?inney iie?aaony a iniiaiii ia aeiauaathuoth i?iiuoeaiiinoue, Aaea?onue
— ia nai?i/iua i?iecaiaenoaa e naeueneia oicyenoai. Ianiioaaonoaea
iaeiaiai-athaeaeaoiie nenoaiu no?aiu ?aaeueiui ?ano?nai aucuaaao
i?iaeaiu n oi?ie?iaaieai athaeaeaoa e ia niinianoaoao aa?iiie/iiio
?acaeoeth nianoaaiiie yeiiiieee. A yoi iaecaaaeii io?aaeaaony ia
aeaaininoiyiee a?aaeaeai.
ssnii, /oi iaiaoiaeeii i?eiyoue aaeeiua iauai?aaiaua ii?iu e
niaeaniaaoue iaeiae, iioeeiu, nai?u e i?ioeaaeo?u, naycaiiua n
ooieoeeiie?iaaieai aaeeiiai oaiiaeaiiiai i?ino?ainoaa, o/eouaay eioa?anu
iaaeo no?ai. Ii iaeiaiaua nenoaiu iaieo ainoaea?noa aeieaeiu auoue
iino?iaiu n o/aoii nianoaaiiuo ?ano?nia e ainoaea?noaaiiiai
(eiinoeoooeeiiiiai) ono?ienoaa.
A ?aieao iaeiaiai-athaeaeaoiie ?aoi?iu iaiaoiaeeii i?aaeoniio?aoue:
onoaiiaeaiea i?aa, iaycaiiinoae e ioaaonoaaiiinoe iaeiaiieaoaeueueeia,
iaeiaiauo i?aaiia e ae?oaeo o/anoieeia iaeiaiauo ioiioaiee;
ecuyoea oieueei caeiiii onoaiiaeaiiuo iaeiaia e nai?ia;
onoaiiaeaiea ii?iu, a niioaaonoaee n eioi?ie ie ia eiai ia iiaeao auoue
aiceiaeaia iaycaiiinoue oiea/eaaoue iaeiae e nai?u, ia i?aaeoniio?aiiua
caeiiii;
i?eiaiaiea ioeoeeaeueii iioaeeeiaaiiuo aeoia iaeiaiaiai
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa;
cai?auaiea i?eaeaiey aeoai iaeiaiaiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa ia?aoiie neeu;
i?aaeinoaaeaiea iaeiaiieaoaeueueeo iiaeaioiaeoaeueiiai ia?eiaea,
iaiaoiaeeiiai aeey iieo/aiey eioi?iaoeee i aaaaeaiee (eciaiaiee) ii?i
iaeiaiaiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa e iciaeiieaiey n eo niaea?aeaieai;
onoaiiaeaiea i?ei?eoaoa ii?i iaeiaiaiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa i?e
?aaoee?iaaiee iaeiaiauo ioiioaiee e aa?aioee noaeaaiie caueou
iaeiaiieaoaeueueea a neo/aa aaaaeaiey ii?iaoeaiiai aeoa, ia?ooathuaai
i?eioeeiu iaeiaiaiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa;
aaaaeaiea ioaaonoaaiiinoe iaeiaiauo i?aaiia e eo nio?oaeieeia ca
ianiaethaeaiea eiioeaeaioeeaeueiinoe eioi?iaoeee i iaeiaiieaoaeueueeao;
ii?aaeaeaiea iaoaieciia e i?ioeaaeo? eniieiaiey iaeiaiaiai
iaycaoaeuenoaa, inouanoaeaiey iaeiaiaiai eiio?iey;
onoaiiaeaiea i?ioeaaeo?u i?iecaiaenoaa e ?anniio?aiey aeaea i iaeiaiaii
ia?ooaiee, i?ioeaaeo?u iaaeaeiaaiey aeaenoaey eee aacaeaenoaey iaeiaiauo
i?aaiia e eo aeieaeiinoiuo eeoe;
aaaaeaiea einoeoooa i?aaenoaaeoaeae iaeiaiieaoaeueueea, eioi?ua iiaoo
acaeiiaeaenoaiaaoue n iaeiaiauie i?aaiaie io eiaie e ii ii?o/aieth
iaeiaiieaoaeueueea;
iino?iaiea iiiaio?iaiaaie iaeiaiaie nenoaiu, i?aaeiieaaathuae /aoeia
?aca?aie/aiea iauaainoaea?noaaiiuo (?anioaeeeaineeo) e ianoiuo iaeiaia e
nai?ia n oeaeueth ?anoe?aiey iinoiyiiie e iaeciaiiie iaeiaiaie aacu
ianoiuo athaeaeaoia;
nicaeaiea aaeeiie nenoaiu ianoiuo iaeiaia, iino?iaiiie ia iaueo
i?eioeeiao e iaoiaeieiaee aceiaiey;
?aaeecaoeeth i?eioeeia naiiaeinoaoi/iinoe ianoiuo athaeaeaoia (ia iaiaa
50% a n?aaeiai ii no?aia);
nicaeaiea nenoaiu eiio?iey iaae aeayoaeueiinoueth iaeiaiauo i?aaiia eo
nio?oaeieeia.
N iiaeiaiuie i?iaeaiaie aa?iiaeneea no?aiu noieeioeenue a 1970 – 1980-o
aiaeao, eiaaea nenoaia nioeeaeueiie iiiiue ianaeaieth auea iniiaaia, eae
e o ian naaiaeiy, ia ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiee n?aaenoa iaiin?aaenoaaiii io
i?aaei?eyoee a ainoaea?noaaiiue athaeaeao e caoai a ?acee/iua
niaoeeaeece?iaaiiua oiiaeu e i?ia?aiiu. Neooaoeey ineiaeiyeanue oai,
/oi, eae e a Aaea?one, ?ino /enea iaineiia?ia iia?aaeae ?ino /enea
ethaeae, oiea/eaathueo aciinu. Caaea/a auea oniaoii ?aoaia
“ia?niiaeecaoeeae” ieaoaaeae.
Iaeei ec aaei?onneeo i?iaeoia i?aaeeaaaao niioaaonoaothuaa ?aoaiea.
I?aaei?eyoey e o/?aaeaeaiey aeieaeiu aoaeoo ieaoeoue iauee nioeeaeueiue
nai? (5%), a oii /enea nai?, ca/eneyaiue a Ainoaea?noaaiiue oiiae
caiyoinoe (1,5%), a Oiiae nioeeaeueiiai no?aoiaaiey (2%) e a Oiiae
iaaeeoeeineiai no?aoiaaiey (1,5%). Oece/aneea eeoea aoaeoo ieaoeoue 15%,
ec eioi?uo a ainoaea?noaaiiue iaineiiiue oiiae iai?aaeony 6%, a
Ainoaea?noaaiiue oiiae caiyoinoe — 1,5%, a Oiiae nioeeaeueiiai
no?aoiaaiey — 4%, a Oiiae iaaeeoeeineiai no?aoiaaiey — 3,5%. Eiua
ieaoaaee nioeeaeueiiai oa?aeoa?a eneeth/athony. Aaaeiui aniaeoii
yaeyaony oi, /oi iaeiaiieaoaeueuee naiinoiyoaeueii ii?aaeaeyao noiiu
nai?a, eioi?ua iai?aaeythony a niioaaonoaothuea oiiaeu, e eiaao i?aai
inouanoaeyoue iaainoaea?noaaiiia no?aoiaaiea. I?e yoii noiia?iay
iaeiaiaay iaa?ocea ia aeioiaeu a?aaeaeai ia i?aauneo 35%, /oi
cia/eoaeueii iaiueoa naaiaeiyoiaai o?iaiy.
Eaeiau i?aeiouanoaa iiaiai iaoaiecia nioeeaeueiiai iaania/aiey? Ii
i?aaeinoaaeyao eaaeaeiio a?aaeaeaieio aiciiaeiinoue noi?ie?iaaoue naith
noaio eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo naa?aaeaiee, aua?aoue aeaeaaiue o?iaaiue
iaeiieaiey e ?anii?yaeeoueny iaoa?eaeueiui iaania/aieai naiaai
aoaeouaai, eiay ainoaea?noaaiioth aa?aioeth ia iieo/aiea nioeeaeueiie
caueou. Aaconeiaii, oaeie iiaeoiae iaeaieaa ia?niaeoeaai.
Iniiaie naaiaeiyoiaai iaeiaiaiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa yaeyaony nenoaia
aeanoei ii?ie?iaaiiiai e /?acia?ii oeaio?aeeciaaiiiai ecuyoey oeiainiauo
n?aaenoa i?e i?eaioaoeee ia iaeoth iaeiaiaoth aaco. Yoio iaoaieci ieacae
e i?iaeieaeaao ieacuaaoue io?eoeaoaeueiia aicaeaenoaea ia yeiiiieeo,
aeanoaaeeece?oao ia?iaeiia oicyenoai, ia?ooay iae?iyeiiiie/aneea
i?iii?oeee, nieaeaao aeaeiaoth aeoeaiinoue, niinianoaoao iooieo eaieoaea
ec no?aiu e oneeeaaao oaiaeaioeeth e oeeiiaieth io oieaou iaeiaia.
Iaaeinoaoi/ii o/eouaay oaiaeaioeee yeiiiie/aneiai ?acaeoey no?aiu e ia
i?iaiice?oy iineaaenoaey iaeiaiauo ecuyoee, yoa nenoaia nouanoaaiii
iiae?uaaao eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoue aaei?onneeo oiaa?ia ia aiaoieo ?uieao.
A Aaea?one iauayeiiiie/aneea oneiaey e iaeiaiaia aeaaeaiea a oeaeii
aieaa aeanoeea, /ai o aeeaeaeoeo ninaaeae. Iaeiaiai-athaeaeaoiua
ioiioaiey iaiaoiaeeii n?i/ii niaa?oainoaiaaoue, ii aeaeaoaeueii aac
i?iaaaeaiey iaiaaeoiaiiuo yenia?eiaioia iaae noauaeoaie oicyenoaiaaiey.
Iiiaaeaeueiee, 16 Ai?aey 2001 a
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