AINOAeA?NOAAIIAss AEAAeAIEss OI?AAEAIEss
ei. N. I?AeAEIIEEEAeCA
EO?NIAAss ?AAIOA II ENA
ia oaio “i?eioeeiu iaania/aiey aaciianiinoe AN ia yoaiao,
i?aaeoanoaothueo yenieoaoaoeee”
AUIIEIEEA NOOAeAIOEA: I.A. Ieiaiiaa, II a yia?aaoeea, I-2
?OEIAIAeEOAEUe EO?NIAIAI I?IAEOA: i?io. A.ss. Aoaianueaa.
Iineaa, 1997 aiae.IAEAAEAIEA
AAAAeAIEA 3
OeAEE E CAAeA*E 4
II?IAOEAIAss AeIEOIAIOAOeEss 7
INIIAIUA I?EIOeEIU AACIIANIINOE :
I?EIOeEI CAUEOU A AEOAEIO 8
OOIAeAIAIOAEUeIUA OOIEOeEE AACIIANIINOE : 12
EIIO?IEUe E OI?AEAIEA ?AAEOEAIINOUeTH 12
IOEAAEAeAIEA AEOEAIIE CIIU ?AAEOI?A 14
EIEAEECAOeEss E IAAeAAEIIA OAeA?AEAIEA
?AAeEIAEOEAIUO I?IAeOEOIA 15
3.I?EIOeEI AAeEIE*IIAI IOEACA 16
CAEETH*AIEA 18
NIENIE ENIIEUeCIAAIIIE EEOA?AOO?U
Ci?aai/ii-eioi?iaoeeiiiue iaoa?eae ii aaciianiinoe ?inneeneeo aoiiiuo
noaioeee (AN) “Aaciianiinoue aoiiiuo noaioeee” . ?inyia?aiAoii e
AIEEAYN,
I.:1994.
Ni?aai/iee ii aaciianiinoe AN i?e yenieoaoaoeee “Memento de la Surete
Nucleaire en Exploitation” . Electricite de France :1993.AAAAeAIEA
A ?O, eae e ai iiiaeo no?aiao ie?a, nii?oaeathony e ?aaioatho aoiiiua
yeaeo?inoaioeee, i?aaeiacia/aiiua aeey i?iecaiaenoaa yeaeo?iyia?aee e
oaiea.
Ii iacia/aieth e oaoiieiae/aneiio i?eioeeio aeaenoaey aoiiiua
yeaeo?inoaioeee i?aeoe/anee ia ioee/athony io o?aaeeoeeiiiuo oaieiauo
yeaeo?inoaioeee (OYN), eniieuecothueo a ea/anoaa oiieeaa oaieue, aac eee
iaooue. Eae e OYN eee ae?oaea i?iiuoeaiiua i?aaei?eyoey, aoiiiua
yeaeo?inoaioeee iaecaaaeii ieacuaatho ii?aaeaeaiiia aeeyiea ia
ie?oaeathuoth eo i?e?iaeioth n?aaeo ca n/ao:
oaoiieiae/aneeo na?inia oaiea (oaieiaia caa?yciaiea);
iauai?iiuoeaiiuo iooiaeia;
aua?inia, ia?acothueony i?e yenieoaoaoeee aaciia?aciuo e aeeaeeeo
?aaeeiaeoeaiuo i?iaeoeoia, eioi?ua oioy e iacia/eoaeueiu e no?iai
ii?ie?iaaiu, ii eiatho ianoi.
Aeaaiay iniaaiiinoue oaoiieiae/aneiai i?ioeanna ia AN n eniieueciaaieai
yaea?iiai oiieeaa caeeth/aaony a ia?aciaaiee cia/eoaeueiuo eiee/anoa
?aaeeiaeoeaiuo i?iaeoeoia aeaeaiey, iaoiaeyueony, a iniiaiii, a
oaieiauaeaeythueo yeaiaioao aeoeaiie ciiu ?aaeoi?a. Aeey iaaeaaeiiai
oaea?aeaiey (eieaeecaoeee) ?aaeeiaeoeaiuo i?iaeoeoia a yaea?iii oiieeaa
e a a?aieoeao nii?oaeaiee aoiiiie noaioeee a i?iaeoao AN
i?aaeoniao?eaaaony ?yae iineaaeiaaoaeueiuo oece/aneeo aa?uea?ia ia iooe
?ani?ino?aiaiey ?aaeeiaeoeaiuo aauanoa e eiiece?othueo eceo/aiee a
ie?oaeathuoth n?aaeo. A nayce n yoei aoiiiua noaioeee oaoie/anee aieaa
neiaeiu ii n?aaiaieth n o?aaeeoeeiiiuie oaieiauie e aeae?aaee/aneeie
yeaeo?inoaioeeyie.
Eae iieacuaaao i?aeoeea, ia AN aiciiaeiu ia?ooaiey ?aaeeiia ii?iaeueiie
yenieoaoaoeee e aicieeiiaaiea aaa?eeiuo neooaoeee n auoiaeii
?aaeeiaeoeaiuo aauanoa ca i?aaeaeu AN. Yoi i?aaenoaaeyao iioaioeeaeueiue
?ene aeey ia?niiaea AN, ianaeaiey e ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu e o?aaoao
i?eiyoey oaoie/aneeo e i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo ia?, nieaeathueo aa?iyoiinoue
aicieeiiaaiey oaeeo neooaoeee aei i?eaieaiiai ieieioia.
N ioaeeeaoeeae aeieoiaioa IAAAOY INSAG-4 “Eoeueoo?a aaciianiinoe”
eciaieeny acaeyae ia iooe iaania/aiey aaciianiinoe. A /anoiinoe, a
aeaiiii aeieoiaioa iiae/a?eeaaaony iaiaoiaeeiinoue oi?ie?iaaiey o
yenieoaoaoeeiiiiai ia?niiaea ia iaoaie/aneiai, a iniciaiiiai,
iaoeaeaiiiai ia aaciianiinoue iuoeaiey e neaaeiaaieyi ii?iaoeaiie
aeieoiaioaoeee.
OeAEE E CAAeA*E
Ethaua aeaeu i?iiuoeaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe oa?aeoa?ecothony iaee/eai ?enea
aicieeiiaaiey aaa?ee n na?ueaciuie iineaaenoaeyie. Aeey eaaeaeiai aeaea
aeayoaeueiinoe ?ene niaoeeoe/ai, oaeaea eae e ia?u ii aai oiaiueoaieth.
Oae, a oeie/aneie i?iiuoeaiiinoe yoi ?ene ooa/ee oiene/iuo aauanoa a
ie?oaeathuoth n?aaeo, ?ene iiaea?ia e ac?uaia ia oeie/aneeo caaiaeao.
ssaea?iay i?iiuoeaiiinoue ia yaeyaony eneeth/aieai.
Iniaaiiinoueth iauaeoia yaea?iie yia?aaoeee, iniiaioth /anoue eioi?uo
i?aaenoaaeytho aoiiiua noaioeee, yaeyaony ia?aciaaiea e iaeiieaiea
cia/eoaeueiuo eiee/anoa ?aaeeiaeoeaiuo aauanoa a i?ioeanna eo
yenieoaoaoeee. Aieueooth eo /anoue ninoaaeytho i?iaeoeou aeaeaiey o?aia
n noiia?iie aeoeaiinoueth ii?yaeea 1020 Aaeea?aeae (Ae). Eiaiii ii yoie
i?e/eia n AN naycai niaoeeoe/aneee ?ene — iioaioeeaeueiay
?aaeeieiae/aneay iianiinoue aeey ianaeaiey e ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu a
neo/aa auoiaea ?aaeeiaeoeaiuo i?iaeoeoia ca i?aaeaeu AN.
Iiiaieaoiee iiuo yenieoaoaoeee AN iieacuaaao, /oi i?e ?aaioa a
ii?iaeueiuo ?aaeeiao iie ieacuaatho iacia/eoaeueiia aeeyiea ia
ie?oaeathuoth n?aaeo (?aaeeaoeeiiiia aicaeaenoaea io ieo ninoaaeyao
aaee/eiu, ia i?aauoathuea 0,1-0,01 io oiiiauo cia/aiee i?e?iaeiie
?aaeeaoeee). A ioee/ee io yeaeo?inoaioeee, ?aaioathueo ia i?aaie/aneii
oiieeaa, AN ia iio?aaeytho eenei?iae, ia aua?anuaatho a aoiinoa?o cieo,
oaeaeeneue e na?ienoue aacu e ieenue acioa. ?aaeeiaeoeaiua aua?inu
aoiiiie noaioeee a aoiinoa?o nicaeatho a aeanyoee ?ac iaiueooth aeico
iaeo/aiey ia ianoiinoe, /ai oaieiaay noaioeey oie aea iiuiinoe.**
Oai ia iaiaa, i?e yenieoaoaoeee AN ia aeeth/aaony aa?iyoiinoue
aicieeiiaaiey eioeeaeaioia e aaa?ee, aeeth/ay oyaeaeua aaa?ee, naycaiiua
n iia?aaeaeaieai oaieiauaeaeythueo yeaiaioia e auoiaeii ec ieo
?aaeeiaeoeaiuo aauanoa. Oyaeaeua aaa?ee i?ioiaeyo i/aiue ?aaeei, ii
aaee/eiu eo iineaaenoaee i?e yoii i/aiue aaeeee. Oaeei ia?acii,
aa?iyoiinoue aicieeiiaaiey aaa?ee iaoiaeeony a ia?aoiie caaeneiinoe io
aaee/eiu aa iineaaenoaee, /oi oi?ioi eeethno?e?oao e?eaay Oa?ia?a.
Iniiaiie oeaeueth iaania/aiey aaciianiinoe ia anao yoaiao aeeciaiiiai
oeeeea AN yaeyaony i?eiyoea yooaeoeaiuo ia?, iai?aaeaiiuo ia
i?aaeioa?auaiea oyaeaeuo aaa?ee e caueoo ia?niiaea e ianaeaiey ca n/ao
i?aaeioa?auaiey auoiaea ?aaeeiaeoeaiuo i?iaeoeoia a ie?oaeathuoth n?aaeo
i?e ethauo ianoiyoaeuenoaao.
AN yaeyaony aaciianiie, anee:
?aaeeaoeeiiiia aicaeaenoaea io iaa ia ia?niiae, ianaeaiea e
ie?oaeathuoth n?aaeo i?e ii?iaeueiie yenieoaoaoeee e i?e i?iaeoiuo
aaa?eyo ia i?eaiaeeo e i?aauoaieth onoaiiaeaiiuo aaee/ei;
?aaeeaoeeiiiia aicaeaenoaea ia?aie/eaaaony aei i?eaieaiuo cia/aiee i?e
oyaeaeuo (cai?iaeoiuo) aaa?eyo.
AEeciaiiue oeeee AN, ia/eiay n yoaia i?iaeoe?iaaiey e caeai/eaay yoaiii
niyoey n yenieoaoaoeee, i?iiecai aeayoaeueiinoueth, iai?aaeaiiie ia
iaania/aiea aaciianiinoe, i?e/ai aeey eaaeaeiai yoaia oa?aeoa?ai naie
iaai? caaea/.
E?EAAss OA?IA?A
(caaeneiinoue aaee/eiu iineaaenoaee aaa?ee io
aa?iyoiinoe aa aicieeiiaaiey)
IINEAAeNOAEss
(aeiciaue i?aaeae iaeo/aiey, Ca/aiae)
iaaeiionoeiay ciia
0,1
inoaoi/-
iue
?ene*
0,004
i?iaeoiua aaa?ee ?ene ioeacia e ia?ooaiee i?e
ii?iaeueiie yenieoaoaoeee
10-7** 10-2 AA?IssOIINOUe
* inoaoi/iue ?ene – yoi ?ene, eioi?ue i?iaeieaeaao nouanoaiaaoue
ianiio?y ia ana i?aaei?eiyoua ia?u (iai?eia?, ?ene iaaeaiey iaoai?eoa ia
caueoioth iaiei/eo AN )
** aa?iyoiinoue 10-7 icia/aao, /oi niauoea iiaeao i?iecieoe 1 ?ac a
10 000 000 eao.
Iniiau aaciianiie yenieoaoaoeee AN caeeaaeuaathony ia yoaia
i?iaeoe?iaaiey, iiyoiio aeaaiua caaea/e yoiai yoaia — iaeaieaa iieiue
o/ao a i?iaeoa o?aaiaaiee e i?eioeeiia aaciianiinoe, eniieueciaaiea
nenoai aaciianiinoe e oaeeo i?iaeoiuo ?aoaiee, i?e eioi?uo ?aaeoi?iay
onoaiiaea iaeaaeaao naienoaaie naiicaueuaiiinoe.
Ia yoaiao ecaioiaeaiey iai?oaeiaaiey e no?ieoaeuenoaa AN caaea/aie
aaciianiinoe yaeythony i?eiaiaiea ai?iae?iaaiiuo oaoiieiaee,
niaethaeaiea i?iaeoiuo o?aaiaaiee e o?aaiaaiee niaoeeaeueiie
ii?iaoeaii-oaoie/aneie aeieoiaioaoeee e auiieiaiea ?aaio ia aunieii
o?iaia ea/anoaa.
Ia yoaia aaiaea a yenieoaoaoeeth caaea/aie iaania/aiey aaciianiinoe
yaeythony anaiauaiethuea e ea/anoaaiiua iaeaaeea e ooieoeeiiaeueiua
eniuoaiey niiioe?iaaiiiai iai?oaeiaaiey e nenoai n oeaeueth
iiaeoaa?aeaeaiey eo niioaaonoaey o?aaiaaieyi i?iaeoa.
Ia yoaia yenieoaoaoeee aeaaiie caaea/ae iaania/aiey aaciianiinoe
yaeyaony aaaeaiea oaoiieiae/aneeo ?aaeeiia i niioaaonoaee n
oaoiieiae/aneei ?aaeaiaioii, eino?oeoeeyie ii yenieoaoaoeee e ae?oaeie
?aaeaiaioe?othueie aeieoiaioaie i?e iaee/ee iaiaoiaeeiiai o?iaiy
iiaeaioiaee ia?niiaea e i?aaiecaoeee ?aaio. Eiie?aoiua caaea/e caaenyo
io ?aaeeiia yenieoaoaoeee.
Caaea/a ii?iaeueiie yenieoaoaoeee — naaaeaiea e ieieioio ?aaeeiaeoeaiuo
aua?inia, i?enoueo ?aaeeio ii?iaeueiie yenieoaoaoeee, ca n/ao:
iaania/aiey i?aaeeueiiai ooieoeeiie?iaaiey nenoai e iai?oaeiaaiey;
i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiea ioeacia e aaa?ee.
I?e aicieeiiaaiee ioeacia e eioeeaeaioia — i?aaeioa?auaiea ec
ia?a?anoaiey a i?iaeoiua aaa?ee ca n/ao:
neaaeiaaiey niioaaonoaothuei eino?oeoeeyi;
eiio?iey ca aaaeiuie aeey aaciianiinoe ia?aiao?aie.
I?e aicieeiiaaiee i?iaeoiuo aaa?ee — i?aaeioa?auaiea eo ia?a?anoaiey a
cai?iaeoiua ca n/ao:
neaaeiaaiey eino?oeoeeyi e i?ioeaaeo?ai ii oi?aaeaieth e eeeaeaeaoeee
aaa?ee;
eiio?iey i?aaeeueiinoe ooieoeeiie?iaaiey nenoai aaciianiinoe.
I?e aicieeiiaaiee cai?iaeoiuo aaa?ee — naaaeaiea e ieieioio aicaeaenoaey
?aaeeaoeee ia ia?niiae, ianaeaiea e ie?oaeathuoth n?aaeo ca n/ao:
aaiaea a aeaenoaea ieaiia ia?ii?eyoee ii caueoa ia?niiaea e ianaeaiey;
neaaeiaaiey eino?oeoeeyi e ?oeiaiaenoaai ii oi?aaeaieth cai?iaeoiuie
aaa?eyie.
Ia yoaia niyoey n yenieoaoaoeee caaea/ae aaciianiinoe yaeyaony
auiieiaiea ia?ii?eyoee ii aeieaia?aiaiiiio caoi?iiaieth ?aaeeiaeoeaiuo
i?iaeoeoia e iaaeci?o ca aaciianiinoueth i?e auiieiaiee aeaiiioaaea
iai?oaeiaaiey.
II?IAOEAIAss AeIEOIAIOAOeEss
A ianoiyuaa a?aiy ie?iaui niiauanoaii au?aaioaiu iauea i?eioeeiu
iaania/aiey aaciianiinoe AN. Iie oieaa?naeueiu aeey anao oeiia
?aaeoi?ia, oioy e nouanoaoao iaiaoiaeeiinoue eo aaeaioaoeee e i?iaeoiui
eee yenieoaoaoeeiiiui iniaaiiinoyi eiie?aoiuo ?aaeoi?iuo onoaiiaie. Yoe
i?eioeeiu ooi/iythony e aeiiieiythony ii ?acoeueoaoai iiuoa
yenieoaoaoeee e aiaeeca aaa?ee (iai?eia?, aiaeeca o?ieia, ecaea/aiiuo ec
aaa?ee ia AN “O?e Iaee Aeeaiae”).
Iniiaiua i?eioeeiu aaciianiinoe niaea?aeaony eae a ?inneeneie
ii?iaoeaiie, oae e a iaaeaeoia?iaeiie ii?iaoeaii-?aaeaiaioe?othuae
aeieoiaioaoeee. Iaaeaeoia?iaeiui Aaaionoaii ii aoiiiie yia?aee (IAAAOY)
e Iaaeaeoia?iaeiie eiinoeueoaoeaiie a?oiiie ii yaea?iie aaciianiinoe
(INSAG) ?ac?aaioai ?yae ?aeiiaiaeaoaeueiuo aeieoiaioia, ii?aaeaeythueo
iauea iiaeoiaeu e i?eioeeiu iaania/aiey aaciianiinoe. N?aaee ieo
aeieoiaioaie i?eioeeieaeueiiai cia/aiey yaeythony: “Iniiaiua i?eioeeiu
aaciianiinoe aoiiiuo yeaeo?inoaioeee” (INSAG-3) e “Eoeueoo?a
aaciianiinoe” (INSAG-4).
A ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee aeaenoaoao aieaa nioie niaoeeaeueiuo i?aaee e
ii?i (na?ey “I?aaeea e ii?iu a aoiiiie yia?aaoeea” – IIAY). Yoa
aeieoiaioaoeey ii?iaoeaiiai oa?aeoa?a ioaaouaaao ana yoaiu aeeciaiiiai
oeeeea AN; iia auea ?ac?aaioaia ia iniiaa iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai iiuoa n
o/aoii ?inneeneie niaoeeoeee. A /anoiinoe, a “Iaueo iieiaeaieyo
iaania/aiey aaciianiinoe aoiiiuo noaioeee -(IIA-88)” eae a aeieoiaioa
aa?oiaai o?iaiy, ii?aaeaeaiu iniiaiua oeaee, e?eoa?ee e i?eioeeiu
aaciianiinoe AN, ia iniiaa eioi?uo ?ac?aaioaiu niaoeeaeueiua ii?iu e
i?aaeea neaaeothueo o?iaiae. A IIA-88 o/oaiu ?aeiiaiaeaoeee
INSAG-3,INSAG-4 e ae?oaeo aeieoiaioia IAAAOY.
INIIAIUA I?EIOeEIU AACIIANIINOE :
1. I?EIOeEI CAUEOU A AEOAEIO
N?aaee iniiaiuo i?eioeeiia aaciianiinoe AN iniaia ianoi caieiaao
i?eioeei caueou a aeoaeio (aeoaiei yoaeiie?iaaiiie caueou).
I?eioeei aeoaiei yoaeiie?iaaiiie caueou i?aaeiieaaaao nicaeaiea ?yaea
iineaaeiaaoaeueiuo o?iaiae caueou io aa?iyoiuo ioeacia oaoie/aneeo
n?aaenoa e ioeaie ia?niiaea, aeeth/ay:
onoaiiaeaiea iineaaeiaaoaeueiuo oece/aneeo aa?uea?ia ia iooe
?ani?ino?aiaiey ?aaeeiaeoeaiuo i?iaeoeoia a ie?oaeathuoth n?aaeo;
i?aaeoniio?aiea oaoie/aneeo e aaeieieno?aoeaiuo ia?ii?eyoee ii
nio?aiaieth oeaeinoiinoe e yooaeoeaiinoe yoeo aa?uea?ia;
i?aaeoniio?aiea ia?ii?eyoee ii caueoa ianaeaiey e ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu a
neo/aa ?ac?ooaiey aa?uea?ia.
I?eioeei aeoaiei yoaeiie?iaaiiie caueou iaania/eaaao ia?aie/aiea a
?aieao eaaeaeiai o?iaiy (yoaeiia) iineaaenoaee aa?iyoiuo ioeacia
oaoie/aneeo n?aaenoa e ioeaie ia?niiaea e aa?aioe?oao, /oi aaeeie/iue
ioeac oaoie/aneex n?aaenoa eee ioeaea ia?niiaea ia i?eaaaeoo e iianiui
iineaaenoaeyi. A neo/aa iiiaeanoaaiiuo ioeacia oaoie/aneeo n?aaenoa
e/eee ioeaie ia?niiaea, i?eiaiaiea yoiai i?eioeeia nieaeaao aa?iyoiinoue
io?eoeaoaeueiiai aicaeaenoaey ?aaeeaoeee ia ia?niiae, ianaeaiea e
ie?oaeathuoth n?aaeo.
A iniiaa aeaiiiai i?eioeeia eaaeeo onoaiiaeaiea ?yaea iineaaeiaaoaeueiuo
oece/aneeo aa?uea?ia, iaania/eaathueo iaaeaaeiia oaea?aeaiea
?aaeeiaeoeaiuo aauanoa a caaeaiiuo iauaiao eee a?aieoeao nii?oaeaiee AN.
Nenoaia aa?uea?ia aeeth/aao a naay:
oiieeaioth iao?eoeo;
iaiei/ee oaieiauaeaeythueo yeaiaioia;
a?aieoeu eiioo?a oaieiiineoaey;
aa?iaoe/iia ioeaaeaeaiea eieaeecothueo nenoai aaciianiinoe (iai?eia?,
caueoiay iaiei/ea).
Eaaeaeue oece/aneee aa?uea? i?iaeoe?oaony e ecaioaaeeaaaony n o/aoii
niaoeeaeueiuo ii?i e i?aaee aeey iaania/aiey aai iiauoaiiie
iaaeaaeiinoe. Eiee/anoai aa?uea?ia iaaeaeo ?aaeeiaeoeaiuie i?iaeoeoaie e
ie?oaeathuae n?aaeie, a oaeaea eo oa?aeoa?enoeee ii?aaeaeythony a
i?iaeoao AN.
A i?ioeanna yenieoaoaoeee ninoiyiea oece/aneeo aa?uea?ia eiio?iee?oaony
i?yiuie iaoiaeaie (iai?eia?, aecoaeueiuo eiio?ieue oaieiauaeaeythueo
nai?ie ia?aae eo caa?oceie a aeoeaioth ciio) eee einaaiiuie iaoiaeaie
(iai?eia?, ecia?aiea aeoeaiinoe oaieiiineoaey e aicaeooiie n?aaeu a
iauaia caueoiie iaiei/ee).
I?e iaia?oaeaiee iayooaeoeaiinoe eee iia?aaeaeaiey ethaiai oece/aneiai
aa?uea?a AN inoaiaaeeaaaony aeey ono?aiaiey i?e/ei e ainnoaiiaeaiey aai
?aaioiniiniaiinoe.
I?eioeei aeoaiei yoaeiie?iaaiiie caueou ?ani?ino?aiyaony ia oieueei ia
yeaiaiou, iai?oaeiaaiea e eiaeaia?ii-oaoie/aneea nenoaiu, aeeythuea ia
aaciianiinoue AN, ii oaeaea ia aeayoaeueiinoue /aeiaaea (iai?eia?, ia
i?aaiecaoeeth yenieoaoaoeee, aaeieieno?aoeaiue eiio?ieue, iiaeaioiaeo e
aooanoaoeeth ia?niiaea).
OOIEOeEIIAEUeIIA ?ACAEOEA EIIOeAIOeEE CAUEOU A AEOAEIO
iiaeaea?aeaiea ii?iaeueiuo ?aaeeiia yenieoaoaoeee AN
i?iaa?ea e iaania/aiea ?aaioiniiniaiinoe iai?oaeiaaiey e nenoai,
naycaiiuo n aaciianiinoueth AN
i?aaeioa?auaiea aaa?ee e aaa?eeiuo neooaoeee
oi?aaeaiea aaa?eyie e ineaaeaiea eo iineaaenoaee
caueoa ianaeaiey e ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu io iaaeiionoeiiai aicaeaenoaey
?aaeeaoeee
ii?iaeueiay
yenieoaoaoeey i?aaeoniio?aiiua i?iaeoii
ioeacu e
eioeeaeaiou
i?aaeoniio?aiiua i?iaeoii
aaa?ee
cai?iaeoiua
aaa?ee
ii?iaeueiay
yenieoaoaoeeiiiay
aeayoaeueiinoue oi?aaeaiea
i?iaeoiuie
aaa?eyie oi?aaeaiea
cai?iaeoiuie
aaa?eyie
i?ioeaaeo?u
ii?iaeueiie
yenieoaoaoeee aaa?eeiua
yenieooaoeeiiiua
aeaenoaey aeaenoaey ii ainnoaiiaea
ieth EOA, ieaiu caueou ia?niiaea e ianaeaiey
nenoaiu e iai?oaeiaaiea ii?iaeueiie yenieoaoaoeee oaoiieiae/aneea caueou
e aeiee?iaee
i?iaeoiua nenoaiu aaciianiinoe niaoeeaeueiua n?aaenoaa ia neo/ae
oyaeaeuo aaa?ee
Ia?aui o?iaiai caueou yaeythony ea/anoaaiii auiieiaiiue i?iaeo AN, a
eioi?ii ana i?iaeoiua ?aoaiey iainiiaaiu e iaeaaeatho ii?aaeaeaiiie
noaiaiueth eiina?aaoecia n oi/ee c?aiey aaciianiinoe, e ea/anoai
iiaeaioiaee e eaaeeoeeaoeee yenieoaoaoeeiiiiai ia?niiaea. I?e aaaeaiee
oaoiieiae/aneiai i?ioeanna ia?aue o?iaaiue caueou oece/aneeo aa?uea?ia
iaania/eaaaony ca n/ao iiaeaea?aeaiey ?aai/eo ia?aiao?ia AN a caaeaiiuo
i?iaeoiuo i?aaeaeao, i?e eioi?uo aa?uea?u ia iiaeaa?aathony oa?ica
iia?aaeaeaiey. Ia yooaeoeaiinoue ia?aiai o?iaiy caueou nouanoaaiiia
aeeyiea ieacuaaao ?acaeoinoue naienoa aioo?aiiae naiicaueuaiiinoe
?aaeoi?iie onoaiiaee, oi anoue naienoa, ii?aaeaeythueo onoie/eainoue e
iianiui ioeeiiaieyi ia?aiao?ia oaoiieiae/aneiai i?ioeanna e niiniaiinoue
e ainnoaiiaeaieth ia?aiao?ia a i?aaeaeao aeiionoeiuo cia/aiee.
Aoi?ui o?iaiai caueou AN yaeyaony iaania/aiea aioiaiinoe iai?oaeiaaiey e
nenoai, aaaeiuo aeey aaciianiinoe noaioeee, iooai auyaeaiey e ono?aiaiey
ioeacia. Aaaeiia cia/aiea ia aeaiiii o?iaia caueou eiaao i?aaeeueiia
oi?aaeaiea AN i?e aicieeiiaaiee ioeeiiaiee io ?aaeeiia ii?iaeueiie
yenieoaoaoeee e i?eiyoea ia?niiaeii naiaa?aiaiiuo ia? ii eo ono?aiaieth.
Oaoie/anee aoi?ie o?iaaiue iaania/eaaaony iaaeaaeiui ?aca?ae?iaaieai
iai?oaeiaaiey e nenoai aeey eiio?iey ninoiyiey yeaiaioia e
iai?oaeiaaiey.
O?aoee o?iaaiue caueou AN iaania/eaaaony eiaeaia?iuie nenoaiaie
aaciianiinoe, i?aaeoniao?eaaaiuie a i?iaeoa noaioeee. Ii iai?aaeai ia
i?aaeioa?auaiea ia?a?anoaiey ioeeiiaiee io ?aaeeiia ii?iaeueiie ?aaiou a
i?iaeoiua aaa?ee, a i?iaeoiuo aaa?ee — a oyaeaeua cai?iaeoiua aaa?ee.
Iniiaiuie caaea/aie ia yoii o?iaia caueou yaeythony: aaa?eeiue inoaiia
?aaeoi?a, iaania/aiea ioaiaea oaiea io aeoeaiie ciiu ?aaeoi?a n
iiiiuueth niaoeeaeueiuo nenoai, a oaeaea eieaeecaoeey ?aaeeiaeoeaiuo
aauanoa a caaeaiiuo i?iaeoii a?aieoeao iiiauaiee eee nii?oaeaiee AN.
*aoaa?oui o?iaiai aeoaiei yoaeiie?iaaiiie caueou AN yaeyaony oi?aaeaiea
aaa?eyie. Yoio o?iaaiue caueou noaioeee iaania/eaaaony ca?aiaa
caieaie?iaaiiuie e io?aaioaiiuie ia?ii?eyoeyie ii oi?aaeaieth oiaeii
?acaeoey cai?iaeoiuo aaa?ee. Yoe ia?ii?eyoey aeeth/atho a naay
iiaeaea?aeaiea ?aaioiniiniaiiai ninoiyiey nenoai eieaeecaoeee
?aaeeiaeoeaiuo aauanoa (a /anoiinoe, caueoiie iaiei/ee).
A i?ioeanna oi?aaeaiey cai?iaeoiie aaa?eae yenieoaoaoeeiiiue ia?niiae
eniieuecoao ethaua eiathueany a eni?aaiii ninoiyiee nenoaiu e
oaoie/aneea n?aaenoaa, aeeth/ay i?iaeoiua nenoaiu aaciianiinoe e
aeiiieieoaeueiua oaoie/aneea n?aaenoaa e nenoaiu, niaoeeaeueii
i?aaeiacia/aiiua aeey oeaeae oi?aaeaiey oyaeaeuie aaa?eyie.
Iineaaeiei, iyoui o?iaiai caueou yaeythony i?ioeaiaaa?eeiua ia?u aia
ieiuaaeie AN. Iniiaiay caaea/a yoiai o?iaiy ninoieo a ineaaeaiee
iineaaenoaee aaa?ee n oi/ee c?aiey oiaiueoaiey ?aaeeieiae/aneiai
aicaeaenoaey ia ianaeaiea e ie?oaeathuoth n?aaeo. Yoi o?iaaiue caueou
iaania/eaaaony ca n/ao i?ioeaiaaa?eeiuo aeaenoaee ia ieiuaaeea AN e
?aaeecaoeee ieaiia i?ioeaiaaa?eeiuo ia?ii?eyoee ia ianoiinoe aie?oa AN.
Oaeei ia?acii, ?aaeecaoeey i?eioeeia aeoaiei yoaeiie?iaaiiie caueou
iicaieyao aeinoeaaoue aeaaiie oeaee aaciianiinoe i?e yenieoaoaoeee —
i?aaeioa?auaiey ioeacia e aaa?ee, a a neo/aa eo aicieeiiaaiey
i?aaeoniao?eaaao n?aaenoaa ii eo i?aiaeieaieth e ia?aie/aieth
iineaaenoaee aaa?ee.
Aiaeec i?e/ei e?oiiuo aaa?ee iieacae, /oi iooue eo i?ioaeaiey e ec
iineaaenoaey iaoiaeeeenue a i?yiie caaeneiinoe io i?aaeeueiinoe
i?eiaiaiey ia?ii?eyoee, i?aaeoniio?aiiuo i?eioeeiii aeoaiei
yoaeiie?iaaiiie caueou. Aeey oiai, /oiau yoio i?eioeei aue ?aaeeciaai e
aeaenoaiaae a iieiie ia?a, iaiaoiaeeii iaania/eoue yooaeoeaiinoue anao
iyoe o?iaiae caueou a aeoaeio.
2. OOIAeAIAIOAEUeIUA OOIEOeEE AACIIANIINOE :
Aeey aeinoeaeaiey iniiaiie oeaee aaciianiinoe – i?aaeioa?auaiey auoiaea
?aaeeiaeoeaiuo i?iaeoeoia ca i?aaeaeu oece/aneeo aa?uea?ia –
auiieiythony o?e neaaeothuea ooiaeaiaioaeueiua ooieoeee aaciianiinoe:
Eiio?ieue e oi?aaeaiea ?aaeoeaiinoueth.
Iaania/aiea ioeaaeaeaiey aeoeaiie ciiu ?aaeoi?a.
Eieaeecaoeey e iaaeaaeiia oaea?aeaiea ?aaeeiaeoeaiuo i?iaeoeoia.
Yoe ooieoeee aaciianiinoe a niioaaonoaee n i?eioeeiii caueou a aeoaeio
?aaeecothony a i?iaeoao AN. Iniiaiie caaea/ae yenieoaoaoeee yaeyaony
auiieiaiea yoeo ooiaeaiaioaeueiuo ooieoeee iaeiia?aiaiii e iinoiyiii, oi
anoue ai anao ?aaeeiao, aeeth/ay ?aaeeiu inoaiiaa yia?aiaeiea aeey
ia?aa?ocee oiieeaa.
I. EIIO?IEUe E OI?AAEAIEA ?AAEOEAIINOUeTH
Oeaiiay ?aaeoeey aeaeaiey yaea?iiai iaoa?eaea, i?ienoiaeyuay a aeoeaiie
ciia ?aaeoi?a, aeieaeia iineoue oi?aaeyaiue oa?aeoa?, oi anoue
yooaeoeaiue eiyooeoeeaio ?aciiiaeaiey iaeo?iiia Eyoo.,
oa?aeoa?ecothueeny ioiioaieai eiee/anoaa ia?aciaaaoeony iaeo?iiia e
eiee/anoao iiaeiuaiiuo, aeieaeai i?eaea?aeeaaoueny a ?aeiia cia/aiey
Eyoo.=1.
Oi anoue, i?e Eyoo.>1, (>0 e iaeo?iiiay iiuiinoue ?aaeoi?a ?anoao;
i?e Eyoo.=1, (=0 e iaeo?iiiay iiuiinoue ?aaeoi?a inoaaony
iinoiyiiie;
i?e Eyoo.II. IOEAAEAeAIEA AEOEAIIE CIIU ?AAEOI?A Iniiaiay caaea/a yoie ooieoeee — i?aaeioa?aoeoue ?ac?ooaiea oayeia aiineaaenoaee eo ia?aa?aaa. Iiyoiio ai anao ?aaeeiao ?aaiou iaaei iiaeaea?aeeaaoue niioaaonoaea eiee/anoaa oaiea, auaeaeyaiiai a aeoeaiie ciia e ioaiaeeiiai io iaa nenoaiaie oaieiioaiaea. Aeey yoiai ai anao ?aaeeiao yenieoaoaoeee i?aaeoniio?aiu nenoaiu e iai?oaeiaaiea, ioaiaeyuea oaiei io aeoeaiie ciiu ?aaeoi?a. Oaiei nieiaaony oaieiiineoaeai ia?aiai eiioo?a e ioaiaeeony e eiia/iiio iiaeioeoaeth n iiiiuueth a?aaee?ai, aannaeiia-ioeaaeeoaeae, a?ucaaeueiuo aannaeiia e ae?oaeo nii?oaeaiee, ioaiaeyueo oaiei a aoiinoa?o. Iai?eia?, ioaiae oaiea io aeoeaiie ciiu i?e ii?iaeueiie yenieoaoaoeee yia?aiaeieia n AAY? inouanoaeyaony ii neaaeothuae noaia : aeoeaiay ciia — oaieiiineoaeue ia?aiai eiioo?a — ia?iaaia?aoi? — oaieiiineoaeue aoi?iai eiioo?a — eiia/iue iiaeioeoaeue – aoiinoa?a. Eiia/iiio iiaeioeoaeth ia?aaeaaony oaiei, eioi?ia ia i?aia?aciaaii a yeaeo?iyia?aeth eee ia eniieueciaaii a ae?oaeo iieaciuo oeaeyo (iai?eia?, ia ioiieaiea), a eiee/anoaa, caaenyuai io eiyooeoeeaioa iieaciiai aeaenoaey AN. Aeey aaa?eeiuo ?aaeeiia i?aaeoniio?aiu niaoeeaeueiua nenoaiu aaciianiinoe, iaania/eaathuea ioaiae oaiea io aeoeaiie ciiu ?aaeoi?a. A neo/aa aicieeiiaaiey aiiiaeueiie neooaoeee aaa?eeiay caueoa ?aaeoi?a inoaiaaeeaaao ?aaeoi? e eiee/anoai oaiea, aaia?e?oaiiai a aeoeaiie ciia, nieaeaaony aei o?iaiy inoaoi/iuo oaieiauaeaeaiee. Oaieiauaeaeythuea yeaiaiou i?iaeieaeatho auaeaeyoue oaiei e iinea i?ae?auaiey oeaiiie ?aaeoeee, oi anoue auaeaeyaiay eie oaieiaay yia?aey ieeiaaea ia nieceony aei ioeaaiai cia/aiey. Iiyoiio i?e caiaia io?aaioaaoaai oiieeaa aai iiiauatho a aannaei auaea?aeee, aaea oiieeai i?iaeieaeaao ioeaaeaeaoueny. Auaeaeyaiia iinea inoaiiaa ?aaeoi?a inoaoi/iia oaiei ioaiaeeony ii oie aea noaia, /oi e i?e aai ?aaioa, /a?ac ia?iaaia?aoi?u e oaieiiineoaeue aoi?iai eiioo?a e eiia/iiio iiaeioeoaeth. I?e ionoonoaee aiciiaeiinoe ioaiaea oaiea /a?ac ia?iaaia?aoi?u iii ioaiaeeony n iiiiuueth nenoaiu aaa?eeiiai ioeaaeaeaiey ciiu. III. EIEAEECAOeEss E IAAeAAEIIA OAeA?AEAIEA ?AAeEIAEOEAIUO I?IAeOEOIA Yoa ooieoeey aaciianiinoe iai?aaeaia ia i?aaeioa?auaiea auoiaea ?aaeeiaeoeaiuo i?iaeoeoia ca i?aaeaeu aoiiiie noaioeee. Aeey iaaeaaeiiai oaea?aeaiey ?aaeeiaeoeaiuo i?iaeoeoia a aeoeaiie ciia ?aaeoi?a aieueoia aieiaiea oaeaeyaony ea/anoao ecaioiaeaiey iaiei/ae oayeia (aoi?ie aa?uea?). Ii, ianiio?y ia yoi, ec-ca aieueoiai eiee/anoaa oayeia a aeoeaiie ciia (iai?eia?, ia yia?aiaeiea AAY?-1000 eo aieaa 50 000 oooe) iaeioi?ua ec ieo iiaoo ieacaoueny ?acaa?iaoece?iaaiiuie aeaaea a i?ioeanna ii?iaeueiie yenieoaoaoeee AN. A neo/aa aaa?ee eee i?e iaaeinoaoi/iii ioeaaeaeaiee oayeu iiaoo ?ac?ooeoueny io ia?aa?aaa e ?aaeeiaeoeaiua i?iaeoeou iiiaaeoo a i?aaeaeu a?aieoe o?aoueaai oece/aneiai aa?uea?a — ia?aiai eiioo?a. I?e ia?ooaiee oeaeinoiinoe ia?aiai eiioo?a iiiaaeaieth ?aaeeiaeoeaiuo i?iaeoeoia a ie?oaeathuoth n?aaea i?aiyonoaoao caueoiay iaiei/ea eee niaoeeaeueiua aa?iaoe/iua e i?i/iua iiiauaiey, a eioi?uo iiaeaea?aeeaaaony ?ac?aaeaiea ca n/ao ?aaiou nenoai aaioeeyoeee. 3. I?EIOeEI AAeEIE*IIAI IOEACA N?aaee iniiaiuo i?eioeeiia aaciianiinoe aaaeiaeoei yaeyaony i?eioeei aaeeie/iiai ioeaca. A niioaaonoaee n i?eioeeiii, nenoaia aeieaeia auiieiyoue naie ooieoeee i?e ethaii enoiaeiii niauoee, e i?e iacaaeneiii io enoiaeiiai niauoey ioeaca ethaiai yeaiaioa yoie nenoaiu. Niaeanii o?aaiaaieyi IIA-88 iiae aaeeie/iui ioeacii iiae?acoiaaaaony ioeac iaeiiai ec aeoeaiuo eee ianneaiuo yeaiaioia, eiathueo iaoaie/aneea aeaeaeoueany /anoe, eee iaeia iacaaeneiay ioeaea ia?niiaea. Aeey iaoaie/aneeo nenoai ianneaiui yeaiaioii n/eoaaony oio, eioi?ue ia eiaao aeaeaeoueony /anoae e aeey ?aaiou eioi?iai ia o?aaoaony ?aaioa ae?oaeo nenoai eee eiiiiiaioia. Ianneaiue yeaiaio aeeth/aaony a ?aaioo iaiin?aaenoaaiii io aicaeaenoaey enoiaeiiai niauoey. Aeoeaiui n/eoaaony yeaiaio, aeey ?aaiou eioi?iai o?aaoaony auiieieoue iaeioi?ua aeoeaiua aeaenoaey, iai?eia?, aeeth/eoue yeaeo?iaeaeaaoaeue, iiaeaoue naeaoue aicaeoo eee ae?oaea aeaenoaey. A yeaeo?e/aneeo nenoaiao ana yeaiaiou n/eoathony aeoeaiuie. I?aeoe/aneia i?eiaiaiea i?eioeeia aaeeie/iiai ioeaca iaania/eaaao : ?aaioo nenoai aaciianiinoe e nenoai, aaaeiuo aeey aaciianiinoe, a neo/aa aicieeiiaaiey aaeeie/iiai ioeaca iai?oaeiaaiey eee ioeaee ia?niiaea. oiaiueoaiea ?enea ioeaca iai?oaeiaaiey ii iauae i?e/eia. Ia i?aeoeea i?eioeei aaeeie/iiai ioeaca ?aaeecoaony iooai ?aca?ae?iaaiey. Aeey oiaiueoaiey aa?iyoiinoe ioeacia ?aca?ae?iaaiiuo nenoai eee eo eaiaeia ii iauae i?e/eia aeiiieieoaeueii i?eiaiythony : oece/aneia ?acaeaeaiea, ?aciioeiiinoue i?eiaiyaiuo nenoai e iai?oaeiaaiey. ?aca?ae?iaaiea i?aaeiieaaaao i?eiaiaiea aeaoo eee aieaa aiaeiae/iuo nenoai eee iacaaeneiuo eaiaeia iaeiie nenoaiu, eaeaioe/iuo ii naiae no?oeoo?a. I?e iieiie iacaaeneiinoe yoeo nenoai eee eaiaeia eo iauay iaaeaaeiinoue i?iii?oeeiiaeueia eo eiee/anoao. Iaeaieaa iaaeyaeiui i?eia?ii ?aca?ae?iaaiey yaeyaony nenoaia aaa?eeiiai ioeaaeaeaiey aeoeaiie ciiu ?aaeoi?a AN n AAY?-1000 e AAY?-440 (A-213). Nenoaia eiaao o?aoe?aoiia ?aca?ae?iaaiea e eaaeaeay ec aoiaeyueo a iaa iiaenenoai iiaeao naiinoiyoaeueii auiieieoue i?iaeoioth ooieoeeth aaciianiinoe a iieiii iauaia. Iaeiiai ianina aeinoaoi/ii aeey auiieiaiey i?iaeoiuo ooieoeee. Ii onoaiaaeeaathony aeaa ianina (eee aieaa) ia neo/ae ioeaca eee auaiaea a ?aiiio ia?aiai. Oece/aneia ?acaeaeaiea iaania/eaaao onoie/eainoue ?aca?ae?iaaiiuo nenoai eee eo eaiaeia e iaeiia?aiaiiiio ioeaco ii iauae i?e/eia. Nicaeaiea iaaeaeo nenoaiaie eee eaiaeaie oece/aneeo aa?uea?ia (iooai i?aaeoniio?aiey iaiaoii?iuo ia?aai?iaeie, ?acaeaeueiuo eaaaeueiuo i?iaiaeie, ?aciauaiey iai?oaeiaaiey a ?aciuo iiiauaieyo eee i?inoiai oaeaeaiey ae?oa io ae?oaa) iaania/eaaao nio?aiaiea ?aaioiniiniaiinoe inoaeueiuo nenoai eee eaiaeia i?e iia?aaeaeaiee iaeiiai ec ieo i?e iiaea?a, aioo?aiiai eee aiaoiai caoiieaiee eee ii ae?oaei i?e/eiai iauaai oa?aeoa?a. Iaeiioeiiua eiiiiiaiou iai?oaeiaaiey eee eaiaeu nenoaiu ?acaeaeythony oece/aneeie aa?uea?aie eee i?inoi ?annoiyieai aeey eneeth/aiey ioeaca ii iauae i?e/eia. ?aciioeiiinoue iai?oaeiaaiey iiae?acoiaaaao i?eiaiaiea ?aciuo ii i?eioeeio aeaenoaey nenoai, auiieiythueo iaeie e oa aea ooieoeee. Iai?eia?, ianin ieoaoaeueiie aiaeu ia?iaaia?aoi?a iiaeao eiaoue yeaeo?i- e oo?aii?eaiae. A?iaoo?a, auiieiythuay iaeio e oo aea ooieoeeth, iiaeao ?o/iie, yeaeo?e/aneee e iiaaiaoe/aneee i?eaiae. Oaeei ia?acii, a neo/aa aicieeiiaaiey, iai?eia?, niauoey n iieiui iaanoi/eaaieai yia?aiaeiea eiaaony aiciiaeiinoue eniieueciaaoue iai?oaeiaaiea, aeey ?aaiou eioi?iai ia o?aaoaony iaee/ea yeaeo?iieoaiey. A neo/aa aicieeiiaaiey ioeacia a ?aaioa iaoaie/aneie nenoaiu aaa?eeiie caueou ?aaeoi?a ia ?aaeoi?ao oeia AAY?, aa ooieoeee iiaoo auoue auiieiaiu oaaee/aieai eiioeaio?aoeee ai?iie eeneiou a ia?aii eiioo?a aei o?aaoaiiai cia/aiey, eniieuecoy ooaoioth nenoaio aaiaea ai?a. I?eiaiaiea nenoai e eiiiiiaioia, auiieiythueo iaeie e oa aea ooieoeee, ii ?aciuo ii i?eioeeio ooieoeeiie?iaaiey, iai?eia? : yeaeo?iniaaaeaiea aeecaeue-aaia?aoi? aeeoioeyoi?iua aaoa?ae ?aai/ee e ?aca?aiue o?ainoi?iaoi?u CAEETH*AIEA O?e ooiaeaiaioaeueiua ooieoeee aaciianiinoe ?aaeeciaaiu a aeaea i?iaeoiuo nenoai aaciianiinoe (NA). Nenoaiu aaciianiinoe i?aaeiacia/athony, a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue, aeey iaania/aiey ooiaeaiaioaeueiuo ooieoeee aaciianiinoe a aaa?eeiuo neooaoeeyo, a eiaiii aeey : aaa?eeiiai inoaiiaa ?aaeoi?a e iiaeaea?aeaiey aai a iiaee?eoe/iii ninoiyiee (nenoaia oi?aaeaiey e caueou — NOC); aaa?eeiiai ioaiaea oaiea io aeoeaiie ciiu ?aaeoi?a (nenoaia aaa?eeiiai ioeaaeaeaiey aeoeaiie ciiu — NAIC); oaea?aeaiey ?aaeeiaeoeaiuo i?iaeoeoia a onoaiiaeaiiuo a?aieoeao AN (caueoiay iaiei/ea). A niioaaonoaee n i?eioeeiii aeoaiei yoaeiie?iaaiiie caueou nenoaiu aaciianiinoe yaeythony o?aoueei o?iaiai caueou, i?aaeiacia/aiiui aeey i?aaeioa?auaiey ia?a?anoaiey eioeeaeaioia a i?iaeoiua aaa?ee, a i?iaeoiua aaa?ee - a cai?iaeoiua. I?eioeei aaeeie/iiai ioeaca ?aaeecoaony a i?iaeoa AN iooai auai?a o?aaoaiie e?aoiinoe ?aca?ae?iaaiey nenoai, eo oece/aneiai ?acaeaeaiey e i?eiaiaiey ?aciioeiiiai iai?oaeiaaiey n oai, /oiau ooieoeee aaciianiinoe auiieiyeenue i?e ethauo oneiaeyo. Eaaeaeay nenoaia aaciianiinoe AN ?aca?ae?oaony ca n/ao i?eiaiaiey o?ao (eiiaaea /aou?ao) iacaaeneiuo nenoai eee eaiaeia iaeiie nenoaiu, eaeaioe/iuo ii naiae no?oeoo?a e niiniaiuo iieiinoueth auiieieoue niioaaonoaothuoth aeaiiie nenoaia ooieoeeth aaciianiinoe. I?e iieiie iacaaeneiinoe yoeo nenoai eee eaiaeia iauay iaaeaaeiinoue i?iii?oeeiiaeueia eo eiee/anoao. Oaeia ?aca?ae?iaaiea iacuaatho 3*100% eee 4*100%. Oieueei ?aca?ae?iaaiea ia caueuaao io iiiaeanoaaiiuo ioeacia yeaiaioia eee ono?ienoa aaciianiinoe ii iauei i?e/eiai. Ioeacu ii iauei i?e/eiai iiaoo i?ienoiaeeoue aneaaenoaea aicieeiiaaiey aioo?aiieo niauoee (iai?eia?, iiaea?u, caoiieaiea, eaoyuea i?aaeiaou, ia?aciaaaoeany i?e ?ac?uaao ninoaeia e o?oaii?iaiaeia) eee aiaoieo niauoee (iai?eia?, caieao?ynaiea, iaaeaiea naiieaoa). I?e aicieeiiaaiee oaeeo niauoee iaeiia?aiaiii iiaoo auoue auaaaeaiu ec no?iy ianeieueei nenoai eee eaiaeia, ?aca?ae?othueo ae?oa ae?oaa. Ai ecaaaeaiee yoiai i?eiaiyaony oece/aneia ?acaeaeaiea e ?aciioeiiia ii i?eioeeio aeaenoaey iai?oaeiaaiea. Aeey ii?aaeaeaiey e iiaeoaa?aeaeaiey aunieie iaaeaaeiinoe nenoai aaciianiinoe i?e i?iaeoe?iaaiee eniieuecothony aa?iyoiinoiua iaoiaeu aiaeeca eo iaaeaaeiinoe e i?eiaiythony aeaiiua ec iiuoa yenieoaoaoeee aiaeiae/iuo nenoai, a oaeaea ?acoeueoaou eniuoaiee e iiaeaee?iaaiey. Yenieoaoaoeey, oaoie/aneia ianeoaeeaaiea e ?aiiio nenoai aaciianiinoe i?iecaiaeyony ii niaoeeaeueii ?ac?aaioaiiui eino?oeoeeyi e ?aaeaiaioai. Aeaaiay caaea/a — caueoeoue ia?niiae, ianaeaiea e ie?oaeathuoth n?aaeo io iaaeiionoeiiai aicaeaenoaey ?aaeeaoeee. Aaeea?aeue, ?aaiue iaeiiio ?aniaaeo a naeoiaeo. Aeoeaiinoue. ** Iai?eia?, oaieiaay noaioeey iiuiinoueth 1000 IAo aua?anuaaao ieiei 9000 oiii cieu a aiae, niaea?aeauae ieiei 1,8*105-3,7*106 Ae/o anoanoaaiiuo ?aaeeiaeoeaiuo ioeeeaeia. Iaaeaeoia?iaeiay eiinoeueoaoeaiay a?oiia ii yaea?iie aaciianiinoe yaeyaony a?oiiie i?e aaia?aeueiii aee?aeoi?a IAAAOY; aa iniiaiua ooieoeee: iaiai eioi?iaoeeae ii i?iaeaiai aaciianiinoe, eiathuei iaaeaeoia?iaeiia cia/aiea; ii?aaeaeaiea aaaeiuo nia?aiaiiuo i?iaeai yaea?iie aaciianiinoe; oi?ioee?iaea anaie ?acaeaeyaiie eiioeaioeee e iiaeoiaeia e aaciianiinoe AN. PAGE PAGE 19 Eaiae 2 Eaiae 1 ooieoeey eiiiiiaiou
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