OAA?E*ANEEE EINOEOOO
TH?EAeE*ANEEE OAEOEUeOAO
EAOAAe?A YEIEIAE*ANEIAI E IAAEAeOIA?IAeIIAI I?AAA
EO?NIAAss ?AAIOA N1
II YEIEIAE*ANEIIO I?AAO
OAIA: IAOAIECI IO?AIU IE?OAEATHUAE
I?E?IAeIIE N?AAeU
Neioa?iiieue – 1998 a.
Oaia: IAOAIECI IO?AIU IE?OAEATHUAE
I?E?IAeIIE N?AAeU
IEAI
AAAAeAIEA
?ACAeAE I. Yeieiaii?aaiaie iaoaieci io?aiu ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu
1.1 Iiiyoea e no?oeoo?a yeieiaii?aaiaiai
iaoaiecia io?aiu
ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu
1.2 Noaiaea?oecaoeey e ii?ie?iaaiea a iaeanoe
io?aiu
ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu
1.3 Yeiiiie/aneee iaoaieci io?aiu ie?oaeathuae
i?e?iaeiie
n?aaeu
1.4 Yeieiae/aneay yenia?oeca
?ACAeAE II. Yeieiae/aneia oi?aaeaiea e eiio?ieue a Oe?aeia
2.1 Nenoaia yeieiae/aneiai oi?aaeaiey e eiio?iey
2. 2 ?ieue yeieiai-i?aaiaiai iaoaiecia
ie?oaeathuae
i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu a
i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa
2.3 Iauanoaaiiia yeieiae/aneia aeaeaeaiea
CAEETH*AIEA
NIENIE ECO*AIIIE EEOA?AOO?U
AAAAeAIEA
A ioee/ea io ae?oaeo nioeeaeueiuo eaeae e iieeoe/aneeo
i?eaioaoeee aeaiie?aoe/aneia i?aaiaia ainoaea?noai i?e aa?oiaainoaa
i?aaiaiai caeiia e i?ei?eoaoa i?aa /aeiaaea e a?aaeaeaieia i?aeoe/anee
aini?eiyoi iauanoaii eae aoaeouaa ainoaea?noaaiiiai no?iy Oe?aeiu.
?aoaiea yoie caaea/e naycaii ia oieueei n nicaeaieai nia?aiaiiiai
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa, iaania/aieai caeiiiinoe aeayoaeueiinoe ainoaea?noaa
e aai i?aaiia, ioieoeeiaeueiie nenoaiu e iauanoaaiiuo oi?ie?iaaiee,
iaaeaaeiie, auno?ie e ni?aaaaeeeaie thnoeoeee, iacaaeneiiai
i?aainoaeey, ii n i?aiaeieaieai aeinoeaoaai iianiuo i?aaeaeia i?aaiaiai
ieaeeecia, iaoiaeyuaainy iuia ia a?aie aani?aaeaea ai anao noa?ao
ainoaea?noaaiiie e iauanoaaiiie aeecie, e, aeaaiia, oi?ie?iaaiea
aunieiai o?iaiy i?aaiaie eoeueoo?u iauanoaa e eaaeaeiai /aeiaaea.
Iaiaoiaeeiui oneiaeai ?acaeoey yoeo i?ioeannia yaeyaony eo i?aaiaia
nii?iaiaeaeaiea e iaania/aiea ainoaea?noaii – aaeeinoaaiiie ia
oa??eoi?ee no?aiu iieeoe/aneie i?aaiecaoeee, inouanoaeythuae
noaa?aieoao, enoi/iee eioi?iai – ia?iae Oe?aeiu. Ii ainoaea?noai e
i?aai eiatho ia oieueei eino?oiaioaeueiia cia/aiea e ” naiinoiyoaeueioth
oeaiiinoue. Iaeiia?aiaiii yoi i?aai aeeoue oeeaeeeciaaiiie aeeciueth e
n?aaenoai iaania/eoue /aeiaaeo niioaaonoaothuea naiaiaeu”. E yoie oeaee
iauanoai i?eaeao oieueei /a?ac iiauoaiea ioaaonoaaiiinoe, aiceiaeaiiie
” ia einoeooou ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe”, ?aoeoaeueiua aeaenoaey ii
yeiiiie/aneiio, iieeoe/aneiio e nioeeaeueiiio ?aoi?ie?iaaieth,
nicaeaieth ea/anoaaiiie ” i?aaiaie aacu aeey oaeeo aeaenoaee”.
Yoi iio?aaoao aunieii?ioanneiiaeueiiai ninoaaa th?enoia e
aeinoaoi/iie i?aaiaie a?aiioiinoe ainoaea?noaaiiuo neoaeaueo e ae?oaeo
eeoe, caiyouo th?eaee/aneie aeayoaeueiinoueth. Iauanoaaiiay
iieaciinoue e i?anoeaeiinoue yoie aeayoaeueiinoe cia/eoaeueii aic?anoaao
a ia?eiae ?aaiethoeeiiiuo i?aia?aciaaiee, nioeeaeueiie eiino?oeoeee
iauanoaa, aai iiauo yeiiiie/aneeo e iieeoe/aneeo i?eaioaoeee.
I?ioanneiiaeeci th?enoa caeeth/aaony a aai ciaiee e oiaiee
i?eaioe?iaaoueny a ?acee/iuo io?aneyo i?aaa. Yeieiae/aneia i?aai
caieiaao aaaeouaa ianoi n?aaee inoaeueiuo io?aneae i?aaa,oae eae a
iianaaeiaaiie aeecie iaaeaeo oece/aneeie e th?eaee/aneeie eeoeaie
aicieeatho ioiioaiey oae eee eia/a naycaiiua n aii?inaie io?aiu
ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu e ethaie th?eno iaycai ciaoue eae ii caeiio
?ac?aoaoue nii?u aicieeathuea i?e yoeo ioiioaieyo.
I?aaeeaaaaiay ?aaioa i?aaenoaaeyao niaie enneaaeiaaiea iaeioi?uo
i?iaeai iauae oai?ee aeieacuaaiey, o.a. i?aeoe/aneie aeayoaeueiinoueth
neaaeiaaoaey, noaea ii onoaiiaeaieth enoeiu.
I?e iaienaiee ?aaiou eniieueciaaeinue aeaenoaothuaa caeiiiaeaoaeuenoai,
eeoa?aoo?a ii oaieiaiiio i?aao e oaieiaiiio i?ioeanno, ii
e?eieiaeenoeea, niaoeeaeueiua eeoa?aoo?iua enoi/ieee, ioiinyueany e
ii?aaeaeaiiui ?acaeaeai oai?ee aeieacuaaiey e ae?oaeo iaoe,
aeinoeaeaiey eioi?uo eniieuecothony i?e aeieacuaaiee a oiaea oaieiaiiai
noaeii?iecaiaenoaa.
?ACAeAE I. yeieiaii?aaiaiE iaoaieci io?aiu
ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu
1.1 Caeii Oe?aeiu “Ia io?aia ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu” ii?aaeaeyao
yeieiai-i?aaiaie iaoaieci io?aiu ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu, eae
niaieoiiinoue i?aaiecaoeeiiii-oi?aaeai/aneeo, yeiiiie/aneeo,
aaeieieno?aoeaii-i?aaiauo iaoiaeia, n iiiiuueth eioi?uo i?aeoe/anee e
?aaeecothony iniiaiua i?eioeeiu aeaiiiai Caeiia (no. 3).
E i?aaiecaoeeiiii-oi?aaeai/aneei iaoiaeai Caeii (no. 16) ioiineo
ii?aaeaeaiea iniiaiuo iai?aaeaiee io?aiu ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu
iooai iaaethaeaiey ca aa ninoiyieai a oeaeii eee ioaeaeueiuo i?e?iaeiuo
?ano?nia, enneaaeiaaiey, yeieiae/aneie yenia?oecu, eiio?iey,
i?iaiice?iaaiey, i?ia?aiie?iaaiey, eioi?ie?iaaiey e ae?oaie
eniieieoaeueii-?anii?yaeeoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe.
?aaeecothony iie a iianaaeiaaiie aeecie i?aaiaie ainoaea?noaaiiiai
oi?aaeaiey a iaeanoe io?aiu ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu a i?ioeanna
inouanoaeaiey naieo iieiiii/ee. E yoei i?aaiai ioiinyony Eaaeiao
Ieieno?ia Oe?aeiu, Niaao Ieieno?ia Aaoiiiiiie ?anioaeeee E?ui e
?anii?yaeeoaeueiua i?aaiu, a oaeaea niaoeeaeueii oiieiiii/aiiua ia oi
ainoaea?noaaiiua i?aaiu ii io?aia ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu e
eniieueciaaieth i?e?iaeiuo ?ano?nia e ae?oaea ainoaea?noaaiiua i?aaiu a
niioaaonoaee n caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii Oe?aeiu.
I?ioeainoiyiea yeiiiieee e yeieiaee – iaeia ec oceiauo i?iaeai io?aiu
ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu. Aei neo ii? aa iuoaeenue ?aoeoue a
iniiaiii iooai i?eiaiaiey aaeieieno?aoeaii-i?aaiauo iaoiaeia: cai?aoia e
ia?aie/aiee, aaeieieno?aoeaiuo e oaieiaiuo iaeacaiee. Yoi ia i?eianei
iaeeaeaaiiai yooaeoa.
Caeii Oe?aeiu “Ia io?aia ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu” (?acaeae O)
naeaaeeaaao yoi i?ioeai?a/ea iooai aeeth/aiey a iaoaieci ?aaoee?iaaiey
yeieiae/aneeo ioiioaiee iniiaiiai i?eioeeia yeiiiie/aneiai
noeioee?iaaiey – io?aia ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu oieueei oiaaea
aoaeao iaaeaaeiie, eiaaea noaiao ninoaaiie /anoueth naiiai
oicyenoaaiiiai iaoaiecia, eiaaea iia aoaeao yeiiiie/anee auaiaeia
oicyenoaothuaio noauaeoo.
Aeey aeinoeaeaiey oaeiai iieiaeaiey a noa?a io?aiu ie?oaeathuae
i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu caeiiiaeaoaeueii i?aaeoniao?eaaaony aaaeaiea o/aoa e
nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneie ioeaiee i?e?iaeiuo ?ano?nia; ieaie?iaaiea e
oeiaine?iaaiea ia?ii?eyoee e i?ia?aii ii io?aia ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie
n?aaeu; i?aaeinoaaeaiea oicyenoaothuei noauaeoai i?aaa yenieoaoaoeee
i?e?iaeiuo iauaeoia ia iniiaaiee eeoeaicee; onoaiiaeaiey eeieoia
eniieueciaaiey i?e?iaeiuo ?ano?nia, aua?inia e na?inia caa?yciythueo
aauanoa a ie?oaeathuoth i?e?iaeioth n?aaeo e ?aciauaiey iooiaeia ia
ieaoiie iniiaa e o.ae.
Niaieoiiinoue ia?a/eneaiiuo ia? e ninoaaeyao yeiiiie/aneee iaoaieci
io?aiu ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu.
Aianoa n oai a ianoiyuaa a?aiy caeiiiaeaoaeue ia ioeacuaaaony e io
aaeieieno?aoeaii-i?aaiauo iaoiaeia, iineieueeo iie i?ecaaiu nua?aoue
aieueooth ?ieue a iaania/aiee yeieiae/aneie aaciianiinoe no?aiu.
Yeieiae/aneay aaciianiinoue – yoi oaeia ninoiyiea ie?oaeathuae
i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu, i?e eioi?ii aa?aioe?oaony i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiea
oooaeoaiey yeieiae/aneie ianoaiiaee e aicieeiiaaiey iianiinoe aeey
caei?iauey ethaeae (no.50). Aeinoeaaaony iia iooai onoaiiaeaiey
eiiieaena iaycaoaeueiuo ii?i, i?aaee, o?aaiaaiee ii io?aia ie?oaeathuae
i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu, eniieueciaaieth i?e?iaeiuo ?ano?nia n iiiiuueth
caeiiiaeaoaeueii ii?aaeaeaiiuo yeieiae/aneeo noaiaea?oia e ii?iaoeaia
(no.no. 32, 33), a oaeaea i?eaea/aiey aeiiaiuo e th?eaee/aneie
ioaaonoaaiiinoe ca yeieiae/aneea i?aaiia?ooaiey.
E?iia ?uii/iuo e aaeieieno?aoeaiuo iaoiaeia a eeoa?aoo?a auaeaeytho aua
iaeei – niaeaneoaeueiue, iiyaeaoeeny a i?ioeanna ?aaeecaoeee iieiaeaiee
yeieiae/aneiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa a i?aeoeeo.
“Niaeaneoaeueiua iaoaieciu iniiaaiu ia ?anoe?aiee e?oaa i?aaiecaoeee e
eeoe, o/anoaothueo a ?ac?aaioea e i?eiyoee ?aoaiee, ia aiaea/aiea a
yoio i?ioeann oao, eoi ii aaeieieno?aoeaiie ea?a?oee aiana ia aeieaeai
aue au a iai o/anoaiaaoue.
…Iniiaiay no?oeoo?a, /a?ac eioi?oth a ?innee eaeao yoio i?ioeann, –
eiinoaoe?oao ieieno? i?e?iaeu ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee A.E.
Aeaieeia-Aeaieeueyi, – Niaao oiieiiii/aiiuo ?oeiaiaeeoaeae
oa??eoi?eaeueiuo i?e?iaeiio?aieoaeueiuo i?aaiia… *eaiu Niaaoa
acaeiiaeaenoaotho iinoieueeo, iineieueeo canoaaeyao aeeciue. A
iineieueeo ana iie ninaaee, oi iaueo i?iaeai o ieo – oeia”.1
A Oe?aeia iiea oaeeo iaoi?iaeueiuo i?aaiia iao, ii iaiaoiaeeiinoue a ieo
ianiiiaiii oaea iiyaeeanue aeaaii, oioy au, iai?eia?, i?e ?aoaiee
yeieiae/aneeo i?iaeai Aciai-*a?iiii?neiai aannaeia.
1.2. Nia?aiaiiia ninoiyiea ie?oaeathuae N?aaeu naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i oii,
/oi yeieiae/aneea i?iaeaiu iaoneiaeaiu aeaoiy iniiaiuie oaeoi?aie:
?anoi/eoaeueiui eniieueciaaieai i?e?iaeiuo ?ano?nia, eioi?ia nieaeaao
i?iaeoeoeaiinoue aeinoa?u, e caa?yciaieai, eioi?ia oa?iaeaao anaio
aeeaiio, a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue aeaaiiieo/eth /aeiaaea e aai caei?iaueth2 .
Ia?ie ni/aoaiey yeieiae/aneeo eioa?ania a caei?iaie e aeaaii?eyoiie aeey
aeecie i?e?iaeiie n?aaea n yeiiiie/aneeie eioa?anaie iauanoaaiiiai
i?ia?anna Caeii Oe?aeiu “Ia io?aia ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu”
(no.no.31-33) iacuaaao yeieiae/aneea noaiaea?ou e ii?iaoeau.
Oeaeue yeieiae/aneie noaiaea?oecaoeee e ii?ie?iaaiey – yoi onoaiiaeaiea
eiiieaena iaycaoaeueiuo ii?i, i?aaee, o?aaiaaiee ii io?aia ie?oaeathuae
i?e?iaeiie N?aaeu, eniieueciaaieth i?e?iaeiuo ?ano?nia e iaania/aieth
yeieiae/aneie aaciianiinoe (no. 31).
Ainoaea?noaaiiua noaiaea?ou ii?aaeaeytho iiiyoey e oa?ieiu, ?aaeei
eniieueciaaiey e io?aiu i?e?iaeiuo ?ano?nia, iaoiaeu eiio?iey ca
ninoiyieai ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu, o?aaiaaiey ii
i?aaeioa?auaieth a?aaeiiai aicaeaenoaey caa?yciaiiie ie?oaeathuae
i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu ia caei?iauea ethaeae, ae?oaea aii?inu, naycaiiua n
io?aiiie ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu e eniieueciaaieai i?e?iaeiuo
?ano?nia (no.32).
A niioaaonoaee n Aeae?aoii Eaaeiaoa ieieno?ia Oe?aeiu “I
noaiaea?oecaoeee e na?oeoeeaoeee” (no.4) ii?iaoeaiua aeieoiaiou ii
noaiaea?oecaoeee aeaeyony ia:
– ainoaea?noaaiiua noaiaea?ou Oe?aeiu;
– io?aneaaua noaiaea?ou;
– noaiaea?ou iao/ii-oaoie/aneeo e eiaeaia?iuo iauanoa e nithcia;
– oaoie/aneea oneiaey;
– noaiaea?ou i?aaei?eyoee.
I?aaeea i?eiaiaiey noaiaea?oia ia oa??eoi?ee Oe?aeiu onoaiaaeeaaao
Ainoaea?noaaiiue eiieoao Oe?aeiu ii noaiaea?oecaoeee, iao?ieiaee e
na?oeoeeaoeee.
Eniieiaiea yeieiae/aneeo noaiaea?oia yaeyaony iaycaoaeueiui e io?aiyaony
aeaenoaothuei caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii. Oae, ca auione, ?aaeecaoeeth
i?iaeoeoeee, eioi?ay a ?acoeueoaoa ia?ooaiee o?aaiaaiee noaiaea?oia,
naieoa?iuo ii?i, yaeyaony iianiie aeey aeecie e caei?iauey ethaeae,
i?aaei?eyoea, i?aaei?eieiaoaeue, o/?aaeaeaiea, i?aaiecaoeey oiea/eaaao
oo?ao a ?acia?a 100 i?ioeaioia noieiinoe auiouaiiie eee ?aaeeciaaiiie
i?iaeoeoeee1 .
Yeieiae/aneea ii?iaoeau i?aaenoaaeytho niaie nenoaio e aeeth/atho:
a) ii?iaoeau yeieiae/aneie aaciianiinoe (i?aaeaeueii aeiionoeiua
eiioeaio?aoeee (IAeE) caa?yciythueo aauanoa a ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie
n?aaea, i?aaeaeueii aeiionoeiua o?iaie aeonoe/aneiai, yeaeo?iiaaieoiiai,
?aaeeaoeeiiiiai e ae?oaiai a?aaeiiai aicaeaenoaey ia ie?oaeathuoth
i?e?iaeioth n?aaeo, i?aaeaeueii aeiionoeiia niaea?aeaiea a?aaeiuo
aauanoa a i?iaeoeoao ieoaiey;
a) i?aaeaeueii aeiionoeiua aua?inu (IAeA) e na?inu a ie?oaeathuoth
i?e?iaeioth n?aaeo caa?yciythueo oeie/aneeo aauanoa, o?iaie a?aaeiiai
aicaeaenoaey oece/aneeo e aeieiae/aneeo oaeoi?ia.
Caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii Oe?aeiu iiaoo onoaiaaeeaaoueny oaeaea ii?iaoeau
eniieueciaaiey i?e?iaeiuo ?ano?nia e ae?oaea yeieiae/aneea ii?iaoeau.
Oeaio?aeueiia ianoi n?aaee ia?a/eneaiiuo yeieiae/aneeo ii?iaoeaia
caieiatho ii?iaoeau i?aaeaeueii aeiionoeiuo eiioeaio?aoeee (IAeE)
a?aaeiuo aauanoa a aoiinoa?a, aiaeiaiao, ii/aao, e ii?iaoeau i?aaeaeueii
aeiionoeiuo aua?inia (IAeA) a?aaeiuo aauanoa noaoeeiia?iuie e
ia?aaeaeaeiuie enoi/ieeaie caa?yciaiey.
Anee ia?aue aeae yeieiae/aneeo ii?iaoeaia aeaao oa?aeoa?enoeeo
yeieiae/aneie ianoaiiaee a ?anioaeeea, iaeanoe, ai?iaea, ?aeiia aac
oeacaiey enoi/ieea aicaeaenoaey, oi aoi?ia – i?aaeiieaaatho eiie?aoiue
enoi/iee oaeiai aicaeaenoaey.
“Ii?iaoeaiua IAeA a?aaeiuo aauanoa a aoiinoa?o, aiaeiaiu, ii/ao, iaae?a
e a?aaeiuo eiuo oeie/aneeo, oece/aneeo, aeieiae/aneeo aicaeaenoaee ia
ie?oaeathuoth i?e?iaeioth n?aaeo onoaiaaeeaathony aeey eaaeaeiai
noaoeeiia?iiai enoi/ieea aua?inia eee eiiai a?aaeiiai aicaeaenoaey, aeey
eaaeaeie iiaeaee o?ainii?oiuo e ae?oaeo ia?aaeaeaeiuo n?aaenoa e
onoaiiaie. IAeA ii?aaeaeythony ia o?iaia, i?e eioi?ii aua?inu
caa?yciythueo aauanoa e eiua a?aaeiua aicaeaenoaey io eiie?aoiiai e
anao ae?oaeo enoi/ieeia a aeaiiii ?aeiia n o/aoii ia?niaeoeau aai
?acaeoey ia i?eaaaeoo e i?aauoaieth IAeE, aeaenoaothueo a aeaiiii
?aeiia”1 .
Yeieiae/aneea ii?iaoeau ?ac?aaaouaathony e aaiaeyony a aeaenoaea
Ieienoa?noaii io?aiu ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu, Ieienoa?noaii
cae?aaiio?aiaiey e ae?oaeie oiieiiii/aiiuie ia oi ainoaea?noaaiiuie
i?aaiaie a niioaaonoaee n caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii Oe?aeiu.
Ia aaca yeieiae/aneeo noaiaea?oia e yeieiae/aneeo ii?iaoeaia Caeii
Oe?aeiu “Ia io?aia ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu” i?aaeuyaeyao e
oicyenoaothuei noauaeoai neaaeothuea yeieiae/aneea o?aaiaaiey
(no.51-56):
– e ?aciauaieth, i?iaeoe?iaaieth, no?ieoaeuenoao, ?aeiino?oeoeee, aaiaeo
a no?ie e yenieoaoaoeee i?aaei?eyoee, nii?oaeaiee e ae?oaeo iauaeoia;
– i?e i?eiaiaiee n?aaenoa caueou ?anoaiee, ieia?aeueiuo oaeia?aiee,
oiene/aneeo aauanoa e eiuo i?aia?aoia;
– io iaeiio?iee?oaiiai e a?aaeiiai aeieiae/aneiai aicaeaenoaey:
aeonoe/aneiai, yeaeo?iiaaieoiiai, eiiece?othuaai e eiiai a?aaeiiai
aicaeaenoaey oece/aneeo oaeoi?ia e ?aaeeiaeoeaiiai caa?yciaiey;
– io caa?yciaiey i?iecaiaenoaaiiuie, auoiauie, eiuie iooiaeaie;
– e yeieiae/aneie aaciianiinoe o?ainii?oiuo n?aaenoa.
Niaoeeaeueiua yeieiae/aneea o?aaiaaiey Caeii i?aaeoniao?eaaao oaeaea i?e
i?iaaaeaiee iao/iuo enneaaeiaaiee, aiaae?aiee ioe?uoee, ecia?aoaiee,
i?eiaiaiee iiaie oaoieee, eiii?oiiai iai?oaeiaaiey, oaoiieiaee e nenoai;
ioiineoaeueii aiaiiuo, iai?iiiuo iauaeoia e aiaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe; i?e
?aciauaiee e ?acaeoee ianaeaiiuo ioieoia.
Ai anao ia?a/eneaiiuo neo/ayo caeiiiaeaoaeueii i?aaeoniao?eaaaony
ni/aoaiea yeieiae/aneeo eioa?ania n yeiiiie/aneeie, iooai onoaiiaeaiey
niioaaonoaothueo noaiaea?oia e ii?iaoeaia, eneeth/aiea ninoaaeytho ciiu
/?acau/aeiuo yeiiiie/aneeo neooaoeee e iniai io?aiyaiua i?e?iaeiua
oa??eoi?ee e iauaeou.
Ii iiaieth Iao?iaa A.A., ia?aay eaoaai?ey oa??eoi?ee ia?acoaony aeey
i?aaeioa?auaiey eaeouae aeaa?aaeaoeee i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu, ainnoaiiaeaiey,
anee yoi aiciiaeii, iioa?ue a i?e?iaeiie n?aaea. Aoi?ay – aeey
nio?aiaiey i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu io io?eoeaoaeueiiai aicaeaenoaey
yeiiiie/aneiai aicaeaenoaey ( no.60-64), iiyoiio aeey eo?i?oiuo,
ea/aaii-icaei?iaeoaeueiuo, ?ae?aaoeeiiiuo e ae?oaeo ioaeaeueiuo ?aeiiia
iiaoo onoaiaaeeaaoueny aieaa no?iaea ii?iaoeau i?aaeaeueii aeiionoeiuo
eiioeaio?aoeee caa?yciythueo aauanoa e ae?oaeo a?aaeiuo aicaeaenoaee ia
ie?oaeathuoth i?e?iaeioth n?aaeo.
“Ianiio?y ia aeeaiao?aeueioth i?ioeaiiieiaeiinoue a /anoe ninoiyiey
ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu, i?aaiaie ?aaeei yoeo oa??eoi?ee eiaao iaeio iauoth
/a?oo – iieiue eee /anoe/iue cai?ao oicyenoaaiiie eee eiie
aeayoaeueiinoe, i?ioeai?a/auae oeaeyi e caaea/ai io?aiyaiie
oa??eoi?ee”1.
1.3. Anee yeieiae/aneea noaiaea?ou e ii?iaoeau yaeythony ia?ie ni/aoaiey
yeieiae/aneeo eioa?ania n yeiiiie/aneeie, oi yeiiiie/aneee iaoaieci
io?aiu ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu i?ecaai nicaeaoue oneiaey aeey
?acaeoey eae o i?iecaiaeeoaeae, oae e a?aaeaeai aa?aaeiiai ioiioaiey e
i?e?iaea, au?aaioaoue o noauaeoia i?aaa ioiioaiey e iae n iiceoeee – ia
iaa?aaee. Ii aeeth/aao a naay eiiieaen ia? ii yeiiiie/aneiio
noeioee?iaaieth io?aiu ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu, ii?ie?iaaieth oicyenoaaiiiai
aicaeaenoaey ia ie?oaeathuoth n?aaeo, yeieiae/aneoth yenia?oeco,
yeieiae/aneea o?aaiaaiey i?e ?aciauaiee, i?iaeoe?iaaiee, yenieoaoaoeee
i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oicyenoaaiiuo iauaeoia, yeieiae/aneee eiio?ieue,
ioaaonoaaiiinoue e aiciauaiea oauoeia.
Oi?ie?iaaiea iiaiai yeiiiie/aneiai iaoaiecia i?e?iaeiiieueciaaiey e
oeiaine?iaaiey i?e?iaeiio?aiiuo ia? i?e ia?aoiaea e ?uii/iui ioiioaieyi
aeieaeii, – ii iiaieth cai. ieieno?a io?aiu ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie
n?aaeu Oe?aeiu A.Oaa/oea, – noaoue i?aaie/aneie ninoaaiie nenoaiie
oi?aaeaiey e ?aaoee?iaaiey yeiiiieee.
I?e yoii aeaaiui ninoaaiui yeiiiie/aneiai iaoaiecia, – n/eoaao ii, –
aeieaeii auoue:
– ieaoa ca niaoeeaeueiia eniieueciaaiea i?e?iaeiuo ?ano?nia;
– ieaoa ca caa?yciaiea ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu;
– nenoaia oeiaine?iaaiey e e?aaeeoiaaiey i?e?iaeiio?aiiuo ia?
(ainoaea?noaaiiue e ianoiue athaeaeaou, i?e?iaeiio?aieoaeueiua oiiaeu,
aaiee, n?aaenoaa i?aaei?eyoee, eiino?aiiua eiaanoeoeee e o.ae.)1 .
Oeiaine?iaaiea ia?ii?eyoee ii io?aia ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu ia
oa??eoi?ee ai?iaea, ?aeiia, iaeanoe, ?anioaeeee Caeiiii Oe?aeiu “Ia
io?aia ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu” (no.no. 42, 47)
i?aaeoniao?eaaaony ?anioaeeeaineeie e ianoiuie aiaathaeaeaoiuie oiiaeaie
io?aiu ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu, a oaeaea ca n/ao ?anioaeeeaineiai
athaeaeaoa Oe?aeiu, ?anioaeeee E?ui e ianoiuo athaeaeaoia, n?aaenoa
i?aaei?eyoee, o/?aaeaeaiee e i?aaiecaoeee, aeia?iaieueiuo aciinia e
ee/iuo n?aaenoa.
Ianoiua aiaathaeaeaoiua oiiaeu io?aiu ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu
ia?acothony a i?aaeaeao aaeeiiai aiaathaeaeaoiiai oiiaea
niioaaonoaothuaai Niaaoa ia?iaeiuo aeaiooaoia ca n/ao:
a) ieaoaaeae ca caa?yciaiea ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu;
a) aeaiaaeiuo acuneaiee ca ia?ooaiea ii?i e i?aaee io?aiu ie?oaeathuae
i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu, naieoa?iuo ii?i e i?aaee e oua?a, i?e/eiaiiue
ia?ooaieai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa ia io?aia ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu a
?acoeueoaoa oicyenoaaiiie eee eiie aeayoaeueiinoe, naa?oeeieoiia
eniieueciaaiea i?e?iaeiuo ?ano?nia;
a) oeaeaauo e eiuo aeia?iaieueiuo aciinia i?aaei?eyoee, o/?aaeaeaiee e
i?aaiecaoeee e a?aaeaeai;
a) iinooieaiee io ?aaeecaoeee eiioeneiaaiiiai a niioaaonoaee n
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii eiouanoaa, eioi?ia auei i?aaeiaoii yeieiae/aneiai
i?aaiia?ooaiey.
?anioaeeeaineee aiaathaeaeaoiue oiiae io?aiu ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie
n?aaeu ia?acoaony ca n/ao:
a) io/eneaiee ec ianoiuo aiaathaeaeaoiuo oiiaeia io?aiu ie?oaeathuae
i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu, ?acia? eioi?iai ii?aaeaeyaony Aa?oiaiui Niaaoii
Oe?aeiu;
a) aeia?iaieueiuo aciinia i?aaei?eyoee, o/?aaeaeaiee, i?aaiecaoeee,
a?aaeaeai e ae?oaeo iinooieaiee.
N?aaenoaa ianoiuo e ?anioaeeeaineeo aiaathaeaeaoiuo oiiaeia io?aiu
ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu iiaoo eniieueciaaoueny oieueei aeey
oeaeaaiai oeiaine?iaaiey i?e?iaeiio?aiiuo e ?ano?ninaa?aaathueo
ia?ii?eyoee, a oii /enea iao/iuo enneaaeiaaiee, a oaeaea ia? aeey
nieaeaiey aicaeaenoaey caa?yciaiey ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu ia
caei?iauea ianaeaiey.
A 1993 aiaeo Aaia?aeueiay i?ieo?aoo?a Oe?aeiu i?iaa?eea auiieiaiea
o?aaiaaiee caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa ioiineoaeueii nicaeaiey, oi?ie?iaaiey, e
eniieueciaaiey oaeeo oiiaeia e onoaiiaeea, /oi aua ia ai anao iaeanoyo
no?aiu iie eiaeenue. *anoi i?e naeueneeo Niaaoao eo nicaeatho eeoue i?e
aiaoaoaeuenoaa i?ieo?aoo?u. Ec-ca yoiai n?aaenoaa, acuneaiiua ca
ia?ooaiea i?e?iaeiio?aiiuo caeiiiaeaoaeuenoa e aeey aiciauaiey oauoeia,
iinooiaee ia n/aoa ?aeoeiioaeaeia eee inoaaaeenue a iieueciaaiee
eiio?ieueiuo i?aaiia. A 1991-1993 aiaeao a oeaeii ii Oe?aeia oieueei ii
yoie i?e/eia a yeieiae/aneea oiiaeu ia iinooieei eae ieieioi 100 iei.
ea?aiaaioeaa.
A ae?oaeo ianoao ieaoaaee i?aaei?eyoee ca/eneyee a ?aeiiiue
aiaathaeaeaoiue oiiae.
A Ia?aaieueneii ?aeiia Eoaaineie iaeanoe oaeie oiiae nicaeaee ia i?e
?aeniaaoa, a i?e ?aeainaaeieieno?aoeee. Auyaeythony neo/ae, eiaaea
ieaoaaee iinooiatho ia ii “aae?ano”: Eene/yineee iaooaia?a?aaaouaathuee
caaiae, ia?a/eneyy aaeaaiaeii iyoue ieeeeiiia ai aiaathaeaeaoiue oiiae
ai?niaaoa, ia ieaoee ie eiiaeee Aaeiai?iaeneiio, Iaei?ycaioeaaneiio e
Aie/ay?ianeiio iinaeeiaui Niaaoai, ia /ueeo caieyo ii ?aciauai. Iaeiaei
a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue eiaiii ei caaiae aeieaeai eiiiaine?iaaoue a?aaeiia
aeeyiea ia caiee, aiaeiaiu e aicaeoo.
E i/aiue /anoi ia ianoao “caauaatho”, /oi ieaoaaee ca caa?yciaiea
ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie N?aaeu aeieaeiu iinooiaoue eiaiii a ai?iaeneea
e naeueneea Niaaou, a ?aeiiiua e iaeanoiua iiaoo iieo/eoue oieueei
/anoue ieaoaaeae ca eniieueciaaiea i?e?iaeiuo ?ano?nia.1
Iaaaoeaiua oaeoi?u yeiiiie/aneiai noeioee?iaaiey naycaiu n ecuyoeai
/anoe n?aaenoa oicyenoaothueo noauaeoia. Oeaio?aeueiui caaiii caeanue
yaeyaony nenoaia ieaoaaeae ca niaoeeaeueiia eniieueciaaiea i?e?iaeiuo
?ano?nia. Niaeanii no. 41 Caeiia ieaoaaee iiae?acaeaeythony ia aeaa
aeaea: niaoeeaeueiia eniieueciaaiea i?e?iaeiuo ?ano?nia (caieae,
iaae?aie, aiaeaie, eanaie, aeeaioiui ie?ii) e ca caa?yciaiea
ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie naaeu (aua?inu, na?inu, ?aciauaiea iooiaeia e
ae?oaea aeaeu a?aaeiiai aicaeaenoaey).
Ii?yaeie e ?acia? ieaoaaeae ca niaoeeaeueiia eniieueciaaiea i?e?iaeiuo
?ano?nia onoaiaaeeaaaony niaoeeaeueiui caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii. Ieaoa ca
eniieueciaaiea caiee, iai?eia?, onoaiaaeeaaaony ia o?iaia caeiia (Caeii
Oe?aeiu “I ieaoa ca caieth”, Caeii ?anioaeeee E?ui “Iieaoa ca caieth”),
a i?aniuo aiaeiuo ?ano?nia – Iinoaiiaeaieai Eaaeiaoa Ieieno?ia Oe?aeiu
io 8 oaa?aey 1994 aiaea N75.2
Ii?yaeie ii?aaeaeaiey ieaou e aceiaiey ieaoaaeae ca caa?yciaiea
ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu ooaa?aeaeai iinoaiiaeaiea Eaaeiaoa
Ieieno?ia Oe?aeiu io 13 yiaa?y 1992 a., N18 e io 7 ethey 1992 a., N373
ca:
– aua?inu a aoiinoa?o caa?yciythueo aauanoa noaoeeiia?iuie e
ia?aaeaeaeiuie enoi/ieeaie caa?yciaiey;
– na?inu caa?yciythueo aauanoa a iiaa?oiinoiua aiaeu, oa??eoi?eaeueiua e
aioo?aiiea ii?neea aiaeu, a oaeaea iiaecaiiua ai?eciiou, a oii /enea
na?inu, i?iecaiaeeiua i?aaei?eyoeyie /a?ac nenoaio eiiioiaeueiie
eaiaeecaoeee;
– ?aciauaiea iooiaeia a ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaea.
Ieaoaaee ca aua?inu e na?inu caa?yciythueo aauanoa e ?aciauaiea iooiaeia
a ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaea acuiathony n i?aaei?eyoee iacaaeneii io
oi?i nianoaaiiinoe e aaaeiinoaaiiie i?eiaaeeaaeiinoe.
?acia?u oeacaiiuo ieaoaaeae onoaiaaeeaathony I?aaeoaeuenoaii E?uia,
iaeeniieeiiaie, Eeaaneie e Naaanoiiieueneie ai?iaeneie aaeieieno?aoeeae
ia iniiaaiee eeieoia aua?inia e na?inia caa?yciythueo aauanoa e
?aciauaiey iooiaeia e ii?iaoeaia ieaou ca ieo.
O/eouaay ianoiua oneiaey, Niaao Ieieno?ia ?anioaeeee E?ui, iaeanoiua,
Eeaaneay e Naaanoiiieueneay ai?iaeneay ainoaea?noaaiiay aaeieieno?aoeee
iiaoo inaiaiaeaeaoue i?aaei?eyoey, i?aaiecaoeee e o/?aaeaeaiey io
ieaoaaeae ca aua?inu e na?inu caa?yciythueo aauanoa, i?iecaiaeeiuo a
a?aieoeao i?aaeaeueii aeiionoeiuo aua?inia e na?inia.
?acia?u ieaoaaeae ca aua?inu a aoiinoa?o caa?yciythueo aauanoa
ia?aaeaeaeiuie enoi/ieeaie onoaiaaeeaathony ia iniiaaiee ii?iaoeaia
ieaou ca yoe aua?inu e eiee/anoaa eniieueciaaiiiai ai?th/aai.
Ieienoa?nnoai io?aiu ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie N?aaeu Oe?aeiu
onoaiaaeeaaao iauea ii oa??eoi?ee E?uia, iaeanoae eee ioaeaeueiuo
?aeiiia, a oaeaea ai?iaeia ?anioaeeeaineiai iiae/eiaiey eeieou:
– aua?inia caa?yciythueo aauanoa a aoiinoa?iue aicaeoo io noaoeeiia?iuo
enoi/ieeia caa?yciaiey;
– na?inia caa?yciythueo aauanoa a oa??eoi?eaeueiua e aioo?aiiea ii?neea
aiaeu, a oaeaea iiaa?oiinoiua aiaeu ?anioaeeeaineiai cia/aiey.
Eeieou aua?inia caa?yciythueo aauanoa a aoiinoa?iue aicaeoo io
noaoeeiia?iuo enoi/ieeia caa?yciaiey, na?inia caa?yciythueo aauanoa a
oa??eoi?eaeueiua e aioo?aiiea ii?neea aiaeu, iiaa?oiinoiua aiaeu
?anioaeeeaineiai cia/aiey, a oaeaea ?aciauaiey iooiaeia, i?eaiaeyueo e
caa?yciaieth i?e?iaeiuo ?ano?nia ?anioaeeeaineiai cia/aiey,
onoaiaaeeaathony aeey i?aaei?eyoee i?aaiaie Ieienoa?noaa io?aiu
ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu Oe?aeiu a oi?ia auaea/e ?ac?aoaiee ia
aua?inu e na?inu caa?yciythueo aauanoa e ?aciauaiea iooiaeia.
Eeieou na?inia caa?yciythueo aauanoa a iiaa?oiinoiua aiaeu ianoiiai
cia/aiey e ?aciauaiey iooiaeia, i?eaiaeyueo e caa?yciaieth i?e?iaeiuo
?ano?nia, e?iia ioianaiiuo e ?ano?nai ?anioaeeeaineiai cia/aiey,
onoaiaaeeaathony aeey i?aaei?eyoee ii i?aaeinoaaeaieth i?aaiia
Ieienoa?noaa io?aiu ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu Oe?aeiu a ii?yaeea,
ii?aaeaeaiiii Aa?oiaiui Niaaoii E?uia, iaeanoiuie, ai?iaeneeie (ai?iaeia
?anioaeeeaineiai iiae/eiaiey) Niaaoaie ia?iaeiuo aeaiooaoia.
Eeieou aua?inia e na?inia caa?yciythueo aauanoa e ?aciauaiey iooiaeia
onoaiaaeeaathony ia iaeei aiae e aeiaiaeyony aei i?aaei?eyoee ia
iicaeiaa 1 ethey i?aaeuaeouaai aiaea.
Ii?iaoeaii ieaou ca aua?inu e na?inu caa?yciythueo aauanoa e ?aciauaiea
iooiaeia a i?aaeaeao onoaiiaeaiiuo eeieoia yaeyaony ?acia? ieaou ca
iaeio oiiio eiie?aoiiai caa?yciythuaai aauanoaa eee eeanna
caa?yciythuaai aauanoaa.
Ca aua?inu e na?inu caa?yciythueo aauanoa e ?aciauaiey iooiaeia a
i?aaeaeao onoaiiaeaiiuo eeieoia onoaiaaeeaathony aaciaua ii?iaoeau ieaou
e eiyooeoeeaiou, o/eouaathuea oa??eoi?eaeueiua yeieiae/aneea
iniaaiiinoe.
Oeacaiiua ii?iaoeau e eiyooeoeeaiou ?ac?aaaouaathony e ooaa?aeaeathony
Ieienoa?noaii io?aiu ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu ii niaeaniaaieth n
Ieienoa?noaii yeiiiieee e Ieienoa?noaii oeiainia Oe?aeiu.
Ca naa?oeeieoiua aua?inu e na?inu caa?yciythueo aauanoa e ?aciauaiea
iooiaeia onoaiaaeeaaaony iiauoaiiue ?acia? ieaou ia iniiaaiee aaciauo
ii?iaoeaia ieaou, eiyooeoeeaioia, o/eouaathueo oa??eoi?eaeueiua
yeieiae/aneea iniaaiiinoe, e eiyooeoeeaioia e?aoiinoe ieaou ca
naa?oeeieoiua aua?inu e na?inu caa?yciythueo aauanoa e ?aciauaiea
iooiaeia.
Eiyooeoeeaiou e?aoiinoe ieaou ca naa?oeeieoiua aua?inu e na?inu
caa?yciythueo aauanoa e ?aciauaiea iooiaeia onoaiaaeeaathony Niaaoaie
ia?iaeiuo aeaiooaoia aaciaiai o?iaiy a i?aaeaeao io 1 aei 5.
A neo/aa ionoonoaey ia i?aaei?eyoee ooaa?aeaeaiiuo a onoaiiaeaiiii
ii?yaeea eeieoia aua?inia e na?inia caa?yciythueo aauanoa e ?aciauaiea
iooiaeia, ieaou ca aua?inu e na?inu caa?yciythueo aauanoa e ?aciauaiea
iooiaeia acuiathony eae naa?oeeieoiua.
Niaae i?iecaiaenoaa a Oe?aeia nouanoaaiii nie?auaao a?aaeiua aua?inu e
“ii ia?a iaiiaeaiey i?iiuoeaiiiai eaieoaea, – n/eoaao A.Oaa/oe, –
aieueoeinoai aauanoa, caa?yciythueo aicaeoo, iiaoo auoue noaaeeueiuie
eee aeaaea oiaiueoaiu i?e oneiaee auno?iai yeiiiie/aneiai ?acaeoey. A
iaiueoae noaiaie ia?ano?ieeo a i?iiuoeaiiinoe aoaeoo cao?aaeaaoue na?inu
a aiaeo, enoi/ieeii eioi?uo a aieueoeinoaa yaeyaony naeueneia oicyenoai,
aeiiaoiea oicyenoaa e eiiioiaeueiua neoaeau. Iiyoiio iniiaiia aieiaiea a
aeieain?i/iie ia?niaeoeaa aoaeao niauaoueny n aicaeooa ia aiaeo”1.
E?iia ieaou ca niaoeeaeueiia eniieueciaaiea i?e?iaeiuo ?ano?nia, aua?inu
e na?inu caa?yciythueo aauanoa a ie?oaeathuoth i?e?iaeioth n?aaeo,
?aciauaiea iooiaeia caeii i?aaeoniao?eaaao e aiciauaiea oauoeia
i?aaei?eyoeyie, o/?aaeaeaieyie, i?aaiecaoeeyie e a?aaeaeaiaie ca
yeieiae/aneea i?aaiia?ooaiey.
1.4.Aieueooth ?ieue a iaania/aiee yeieiae/aneie aaciianiinoe no?aiu
i?ecaaia nua?aoue yeieiae/aneay yenia?oeca, i?iaaaeaiea eioi?ie yaeyaony
iaycaoaeueiui a i?ioeanna caeiiioai?/aneie, eiaanoeoeeiiiie,
oi?aaeai/aneie, oicyenoaaiiie e eiie aeayoaeueiinoe, aeeythuae ia
ninoiyiea ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu. Iauaeou yenia?oecu iaiauyoiu.
Noaouey 27 Caeiia Oe?aei “Ia io?aia ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie N?aaeu”
iacuaaao eo eeoue a iauai aeaea. Yoi ia oieueei i?iaeou, i?aaeieaiiaay e
i?aaei?iaeoiay aeieoiaioaoeey, oaoieei-yeiiiie/aneea iainiiaaiey e
?an/aou, ii e oaoieea, oaoiieiaey, nu?uea, iaoa?eaeu, i?iaeoeoeey,
oeieeaou, i?aaeiacia/aiiua aeey i?eiaiaiey a oicyenoaa, oaoie/aneea
ii?iu e noaiaea?ou, iauaeoii yenia?oecu iiaoo auoue e i?aaiaua aeou. Iie
a i?iaeoiie noaaeee aeieaeiu aiaeece?iaaoueny ia i?aaeiao niaethaeaiey e
o/aoa a ieo niioaaonoaothueo yeieiae/aneeo o?aaiaaiee, niioaaonoaey eo
Caeiio “Ia io?aia ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu”.
Yeieiae/aneay yenia?oeca iiae?acaeaeyaony ia ainoaea?noaaiioth e
iauanoaaiioth.
Ainoaea?noaaiiay yeieiae/aneay yenia?oeca i?iaiaeeony yenia?oiuie
iiae?acaeaeaieyie eee niaoeeaeueii nicaeaaaaiuie eiienneyie Ieienoa?noaa
io?aiu ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu Oe?aeiu e aai i?aaiia ia ianoao.
Aeey o/anoey a i?iaaaeaiee ainoaea?noaaiiie yeieiae/aneie yenia?oecu
iiaoo i?eaeaeaoueny niioaaonoaothuea i?aaiu ainoaea?noaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey
Oe?aeiu, i?aaenoaaeoaee iao/ii-enneaaeiaaoaeueneeo,
i?iaeoii-eiino?oeoi?neeo, ae?oaeo o/?aaeaeaiee e i?aaiecaoeee, aunoeo
o/aaiuo caaaaeaiee, iauanoaaiiinoe, yenia?ou iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo
i?aaiecaoeee.
I?aaiu, inouanoaeythuea yeieiae/aneoth yenia?oeco, ai?aaa o?aaiaaoue
i?aaeinoaaeaiey ia yenia?oeco ethauo iaoa?eaeia, eiathueo cia/aiea aeey
ananoi?iiiae e iauaeoeaiie ioeaiee i?iaeoe?oaiie aeayoaeueiinoe,
ioeeiiyoue i?aaeinoaaeyaiua ia yeieiae/aneoth yenia?oeco iaoa?eaeu, ia
niioaaonoaothuea yeieiae/aneei ii?iai e i?aaeeai, aica?auaoue aeey
iineaaeothuae aei?aaioee i?iaeoioth aeieoiaioaoeeth, niaea?aeauoth
ioeaee a ?an/aoao, iainiiaaieyo,e ae?oaea ia?ooaiey, eni?aaeaiea eioi?uo
ia o?aaoao aeiiieieoaeueiuo enneaaeiaaiee, iieneiauo ?aaio eee
auaeaeaiey aeiiieieoaeueiuo eaieoaeiaeiaeaiee1.
?acoeueoaou caeeth/aiey ainoaea?noaaiiie yeieiae/aneie yenia?oecu iinea
ooaa?aeaeaiey Ieienoa?noaii io?aiu ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu
Oe?aeiu yaeyaony iaycaoaeueiui aeey auiieiaiey.
Iniiaaieai aeey ioe?uoey oeiaine?iaaiey anao i?ia?aii e i?iaeoia
yaeyaony iieiaeeoaeueiia caeeth/aiea Ainoaea?noaaiiie yeieiae/aneie
yenia?oecu, i?e io?eoeaoaeueiii caeeth/aiee – ?aaeecaoeey eo
cai?auaaony.
Iauanoaaiiay yeieiae/aneay yenia?oeca inouanoaeyaony iacaaeneiuie
a?oiiaie niaoeeaeenoia ii eieoeeaoeaa iauanoaaiiuo iauaaeeiaiee, a
oaeaea ianoiuo i?aaiia aeanoe ca n/ao eo nianoaaiiuo n?aaenoa eee ia
iauanoaaiiuo ia/aeao.
Auaiaeu iauanoaaiiie yeieiae/aneie yenia?oecu iinyo ?aeiiaiaeaoaeueiue
oa?aeoa? e iiaoo o/eouaaoueny i?aaiaie eae inouanoaeyaiuie
ainoaea?noaaiioth yeieiae/aneoth yenia?oeco, oae e caeioa?aniaaiiuie a
?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoiuo ?aoaiee.
“Yeieiae/aneay yenia?oeca oicyenoaaiiie eee eiie aeayoaeueiinoe iiaeao
inouanoaeyoueny oaeaea i?aaei?eyoeyie, oeaeueth aeayoaeueiinoe eioi?uo a
niioaaonoaee n eo Onoaaaie yaeyaony ieacaiea yeieiai-yenia?oeciuo oneoa.
Oeacaiiua i?aaei?eyoey ia aeiaiai?iie (eiio?aeoiie) iniiaa inouanoaeytho
yeieiae/aneoth yenia?oeco ii eieoeeaoeaa caeac/eea, eioi?iio iaiaoiaeeia
i?aaeaa?eoaeueiay ioeaiea i?iaeoiie aeieoiaioaoeee ia?aae
i?aaenoaaeaieai aa ia ainoaea?noaaiioth yeieiae/aneoth yenia?oeco eee
yeieiae/aneay ioeaiea aeaenoaothueo oicyenoaaiiuo iauaeoia2”.
?ACAeAE II.Yeieiae/aneia oi?aaeaiea e eiio?ieue a Oe?aeia
2.1. Oi?aaeaiea io?aiie ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu – yoi
inouanoaeaiea iaaethaeaiee, enneaaeiaaiey, yeieiae/aneie yenia?oecu,
eiio?iey, i?iaiice?iaaiey, i?ia?aiie?iaaiey, eioi?ie?iaaiey e ae?oaie
eniieieoaeueii-?anii?yaeeoaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe.
Oeaeue oi?aaeaiey – ?aaeecaoeey caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa, eiio?ieue ca
niaethaeaieai o?aaiaaiee yeieiae/aneie aaciianiinoe, iaania/aiea
i?iaaaeaiey yooaeoeaiuo e eiiieaeniuo ia?ii?eyoee ii io?aia ie?oaeathuae
i?e?iaeiie N?aaeu, ?aoeeiiaeueiiio eniieueciaaieth i?e?iaeiuo ?ano?nia,
aeinoeaeaieth niaeaniaaiiinoe aeaenoaee ainoaea?noaaiiuo e iauanoaaiiuo
i?aaiia a iaeanoe io?aiu ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie N?aaeu (Caeii Oe?aeiu
“Ia io?aia ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu” no.16).
Inouanoaeyaony Eaaeiaoii ieieno?ia Oe?aeiu, Niaaoaie ia?iaeiuo
aeaiooaoia e eo eniieieoaeueiuie e ?anii?yaeeoaeueiuie i?aaiaie, a
oaeaea niaoeeaeueii oiieiiii/aiiuie ia oi ainoaea?noaaiiuie i?aaiaie ii
io?aia ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu e eniieueciaaieth i?e?iaeiuo
?ano?nia e ae?oaeie ainoaea?noaaiiuie i?aaiaie a niioaaonoaee n
Caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii Oe?aeiu.
Niaoeeaeueii oiieiiii/aiiuie ainoaea?noaaiiuie i?aaiaie oi?aaeaiey a
iaeanoe io?aiu ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu e eniieueciaaiey
i?e?iaeiuo ?ano?nia yaeythony Ieienoa?noai io?aiu ie?oaeathuae
i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu, Ieienoa?noai io?aiu ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu,
Ieienoa?noai cae?aaiio?aiaiey, Ieienoa?noai eaniiai oicyenoaa e ae?oaea
ainoaea?noaaiiua i?aaiu, e eiiiaoaioeee eioi?uo caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii
Oe?aeiu e ?anioaeeee E?ui ioianaii inouanoaeaiea oeacaiiuo ooieoeee.
Iieiiii/ey i?aaiia oi?aaeaiey io?aiu ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu
ii?aaeaeaiu noaoueyie 17 – 21 Caeiia Oe?aeiu “Ia io?aia ie?oaeathuae
i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu” , iinoaiiaeaieyie Eaaeiaoa ieieno?ia Oe?aeiu e
ae?oaeie i?aaiauie aeoaie. Naie iieiiii/ey aeaiiua i?aaiu oi?aaeaiey
?aaeecotho, eniieuecoy nenoaio ainoaea?noaaiiiai iiieoi?eiaa
ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu e aeaiiua eaaeano?ia i?e?iaeiuo ?ano?nia.
Aaaeoo ainoaea?noaaiiue iiieoi?eia ainoaea?noaaiiua i?aaiu,
ii?aaeaeaiiua iinoaiiaeaieai Eaaeiaoa Ieieno?ia Oe?aeiu io 23 naioya?y
1993 aiaea N7851. E iei ioiinyony: Ieienoa?noai i?e?iaeu, IEAO,
Ieicae?aa, Ieinaeueoici?iae, Ieieanoic, Aineiiaeae?iiao, Aineiiaiaeoic,
Aineiiaaieiaee, Aineiicaiee, Ainaeeeeiiioioic e ae?oaea.
Iniiaiuie caaea/aie nenoaiu ainoaea?noaaiiiai iiieoi?eiaa ie?oaeathuae
i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu yaeythony:
– iaaethaeaiea ca ninoiyieai ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu;
– aiaeec ninoiyiey ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu e i?iaiice?iaaiea aa
eciaiaiee;
– iaania/aiea i?aaiia Ainoaea?noaaiiie eniieieoaeueii aeanoe
nenoaiaoe/aneie e iia?aoeaiie eioi?iaoeeae i ninoiyiee ie?oaeathuae
i?e?iaeiie N?aaeu, a oaeaea i?iaiicaie e i?aaeoi?aaeaeaieyie i
aiciiaeiuo aa eciaiaieyo;
– ?ac?aaioea iao/ii iainiiaaiiuo ?aeiiaiaeaoeee aeey i?eiyoey
oi?aaeai/aneeo ?aoaiee.
I?aaei?eyoey, o/?aaeaeaiey e i?aaiecaoeee, aaaeouea iaaethaeaiea ca
ninoiyieai ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie naaeu, iaycaiu niae?aoue e aann?i/ii
o?aieoue ia?ae/iua aeaiiua i ninoiyiee ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie naaeu,
ia?aaaouaaoue, iaiauaoue e aanieaoii i?aaeinoaaeyoue aeiiieieoaeueii e
oi?iai noaoenoe/aneie io/aoiinoe aeaiiua iaaethaeaiee e ae?oaoth
eioi?iaoeeth ii o?aaiaaieth i?aaiia eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe.
Aaaeaiea iiieoi?eiaa inouanoaeyaony naoueth iaaethaeaiee e aiaeeoe/aneeo
eaai?aoi?ee i?aaiia ainoaea?noaaiiie eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe, ioieoia
iaaethaeaiee i?aaei?eyoee, o/?aaeaeaiee e i?aaiecaoeee.
Ii eaaeaeiio aeaeo i?e?iaeiuo ?ano?nia aaaeaony naie iiieoi?eia,
ii?yaeie aaaeaiey eioi?iai ii?aaeaeyaony iinoaiiaeaieai Eaaeiaoa
Ieieno?ia Oe?aeiu. Oae, iiieoi?eia caiaeue inouanoaeyaony ia iniiaaiee
iinoaiiaeaiey Eaaeiaoa Ieieno?ia Oe?aeiu io 20 aaaonoa 1993 a. N6611,
niaeanii eioi?iio iauaeoii iiieoi?eiaa caiaeue yaeyaony aanue caiaeueiue
oiiae iacaaeneii io oi?iu nianoaaiiinoe ia caieth. Iaania/eaaao aaaeaiea
iiieoi?eiaa caiaeue Aineiicai c o/anoeai Ieii?e?iaeu,
Ieinaeueoici?iaea, Oe?aeineie aeaaeaiee aa?a?iuo iaoe, Iaoeeiiaeueiiai
einie/aneiai aaaionoaa e ae?oaeo caeioa?aniaaiiuo ieienoa?noa e
aaaeiinoa.
Eioi?iaoeey, iieo/aiiay i?e iaaethaeaiee ca ninoiyieai caiaeueiiai
oiiaea, iaiauaaony ii ?aeiiai, ai?iaeai iaeanoyi, ?anioaeeee E?ui, a
oaeaea ii ioaeaeueiui i?e?iaeiui eiiieaenai e ia?aaeaaony a ioieou nai?a
aaoiiaoece?iaaiiie eioi?iaoeeiiiie nenoaiu iaeanoiuo, Eeaaneiai e
Naaanoiiieueneiai ai?iaeneeo oi?aaeaiee caiaeueiuo ?ano?nia, Eiieoaoa ii
caiaeueiui ?ano?nai e caiaeueiie ?aoi?ia ?anioaeeee E?ui.
Ii ?acoeueoaoai ioeaiee ninoiyiey caiaeueiiai oiiaea ninoaaeythony
aeieeaaeu, i?iaiicu ?aeiiaiaeaoeee, i?aaenoaaeyaiua a ianoiua i?aaiu
ainoaea?noaaiiie eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe, i?aaiu ianoiiai e
?aaeiiaeueiiai naiioi?aaeaiey e Aineiicai aeey i?eiyoey ia? ii
i?aaeioa?auaieth e eeeaeaeaoeee iineaaenoaee iaaaoeaiuo i?ioeannia.
Ia iniiaaiee aeaiiuo iiieoi?eiaa i?iaiaeeony e?aoein?i/iia e
aeieain?i/iia i?iaiice?iaaiea ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu, eioi?ua
aeieaeiu o/eouaaoueny i?e ?ac?aaioea e auiieiaiee i?ia?aii e ia? ii
yeieiae/aneiio e nioeeaeueiiio ?acaeoeth ?anioaeeee (no.22 Caeiia
Oe?aeiu “Ia io?aia ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie N?aaeu”).
Ia iaiaa aaaeiay ?ieue a nenoaia oi?aaeaiey io?aiu ie?oaeathuae
i?e?iaeiie N?aaeu ioaiaeeony e ainoaea?noaaiiui eaaeano?ai i?e?iaeiuo
?ano?nia, iineieueeo iie iaiaoiaeeiu aeey i?aaeeueiie ioeaiee e o/aoa
i?e?iaeiuo ?ano?nia, a oeaeii ninoiyiey io?aiu ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu.
Aaeeiiai eaaeano?a anao i?e?iaeiuo ?ano?nia iao e aai iaeuecy nicaeaoue,
oae eae i?e?iaeiua ?ano?nu iaiaeeiaeiau, ?acee/iu ii ea/anoaaiiui,
eiee/anoaaiiui oa?aeoa?enoeeai e iiae?acaeaeythony ia aeaeu. A
?acoeueoaoa ainoaea?noaaiiue o/ao eo inouanoaeyaony ii eaaeaeiio
i?e?iaeiiio ?ano?no ioaeaeueii.
Nouanoaotho eaaeano?u ainoaea?noaaiiue caiaeueiue, aiaeiue, eaniie,
aeeaioiiai ie?a. Aaaeaony oaeaea ainoaea?noaaiiue o/ao iieaciuo
eneiiaaiuo, caiiaaaeiuo e ae?oaeo iniai io?aiyaiuo iauaeoia (iaiyoieeia
i?e?iaeu, caeacieeia, iaoeeiiaeueiuo i?e?iaeiuo iaiyoieeia e o.ae.).
Ainoaea?noaaiiue eaaeano? oiai eee eiiai i?e?iaeiiai ?ano?na – yoi
aaaeiue e neiaeiue aeieoiaio. Ii ninoieo ec eiea o/aoa, aeeaa?aii, noai,
ea?o e aaaeaony ia/eiay n eiie?aoiiai i?e?iaeiiieueciaaoaey (niaoica,
eieeaeoeaiiai naeueneioicyenoaaiiiai i?aaei?eyoey e o.ae.) a ?aeiiao,
iaeanoyo, ?anioaeeea. Eaaeano? niaea?aeeo niaieoiiinoue aeinoiaa?iuo
naaaeaiee i eiee/anoaaiiii e ea/anoaaiiii ninoiyiee i?e?iaeiiai ?ano?na.
Ii?yaeie eo aaaeaiey ii?aaeaeyaony Eaaeiaoii ieieno?ia Oe?aeiu ( no. 23
Caeiia Oe?aeiu “Ia io?aia ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie N?aaeu”).
E?iia ainoaea?noaaiiuo i?aaiia a oi?aaeaiee io?aiu ie?oaeathuae N?aaeu
o/anoaotho e iauanoaaiiua iauaaeeiaiey, i?aaiecaoeee, anee oaeay
aeayoaeueiinoue i?aaeoniio?aia eo onoaaaie, ca?aaeno?e?iaaiiuie a
niioaaonoaee n caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii Oe?aeiu.
*oi eanaaony nenoaiu ainoaea?noaaiiiai eiio?iey ca ninoiyieai i?e?iaeu,
no?ieoaeuenoaa e aeayoaeueiinoueth iauaeoia e o.i., oi a?yae ee iiaeii
n/eoaoue aa noi?ie?iaaiiie ia oa??eoi?ee Oe?aeiu. Naaiaeiy yoi –
Ainaoiiiaaeci?, Ieii?e?iaeu, /anoe/ii Iei/a?iiaueue, Ieienoa?noai
cae?aaiio?aiaiey, Ieienoa?noai aioo?aiieo aeae, Ainoaea?noaaiiue eiieoao
ii aaieiaee e eniieueciaaieth iaae?, iaeioi?ua ae?oaea aaaeiinoaa. Ana
iie aoiaeyo a ninoaa Eaaeiaoa Ieieno?ia Oe?aeiu.
*oiau oniaa?oainoaiaaoue nenoaio ainoaea?noaaiiiai eiio?iey a iaeanoe
io?aiu ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu e eniieueciaaieth i?e?iaeiuo
?ano?nia, iinoaiiaeaieai i?aaeoaeuenoaa Oe?aeiu io 13 aaaonoa 1993
aiaea1 ia?aciaaia Ainoaea?noaaiiay yeieiae/aneay einiaeoeey Ieienoa?noaa
io?aiu ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu (Aeaayeieiniaeoeey), einiaeoeey
io?aiu *a?iiai e Acianeiai ii?ae e yeieiae/aneee einiaeoeee ?anioaeeee
E?ui, iaeanoae a.a.Eeaaa e Naaanoiiiey, niioaaonoaothueo
oa??eoi?eaeueiuo i?aaiia ieienoa?noaa.
Einiaeoeey iaycaia eiio?iee?iaaoue eniieueciaaiea i?e?iaeiuo ?ano?nia,
aua?inu e na?inu caa?yciythueo aauanoa a ie?oaeathuoth i?e?iaeioth
n?aaeo n niaethaeaieai onoaiiaeaiiuo eeieoia. A aa eiiiaoaioeeth aoiaeyo
oaeaea eiio?ieue ca niaethaeaieai yeieiae/aneeo o?aaiaaiee i?e
o?aiaiee, o?ainii?oe?iaea, eniieueciaaiee, iaaca?aaeeaaiee e
caoi?iiaiee (neeaaee?iaaiee) oeie/aneeo n?aaenoa caueou ?anoaiee,
ieia?aeueiuo oaeia?aiee, oiene/aneeo e ?aaeeiaeoeaiuo aauanoa,
i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo, auoiauo e ae?oaeo aeaeia iooiaeia.
Onoaiiaeaii, /oi Aeaayeieiniaeoeey e aa no?oeoo?iua i?aaiu yaeythony
niaoeeaeueiuie iiae?acaeaeaieyie Ieienoa?noaa io?aiu ie?oaeathuae
i?e?iaeiie N?aaeu, ?aaioieee eioi?uo iaaeaeythony i?aaii iioaiey oi?iu
onoaiiaeaiiiai ia?acoea e iaiano?aeueiiai i?oaeey.
“Eiio?ieue ca niaethaeaieai yeieiaii?aaiauo ii?i e o?aaiaaiee ai?aaa
inouanoaeyoue e iauanoaaiiua einiaeoi?a io?aiu ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie
n?aaeu. Caeiiii “Ia io?aia ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu” (no.36) ei
i?aaeinoaaeaii i?aai o/anoaiaaoue niaianoii n ?aaioieeaie i?aaiia
ainoaea?noaaiiiai i?e?iaeiio?aiiiai eiio?iey a ?aeaeao e i?iaa?eao
niaethaeaiey i?aaei?eyoeyie, o/?aaeaeaieyie e i?aaiecaoeeyie ii?i e
o?aaiaaiee yeieiae/aneie aaciianiinoe, a oaeaea naiinoiyoaeueii
i?iaiaeeoue niioaaonoaothuea i?iaa?ee e ninoaaeyoue i?ioieieu ia
yeieiae/aneeo i?aaiia?ooaieyo e ia?aaeaaaoue eo a i?aaiu
ainoaea?noaaiiiai eiio?iey a iaeanoe io?aiu ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie
N?aaeu e i?aaiio?aieoaeueiui i?aaiai aeey i?eaea/aiey aeiiaiuo e
ioaaonoaaiiinoe”1 .
2.2. Ii aeaenoaothuaio caeiiiaeaoaeuenoao Oe?aeiu noauaeou
i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa aeieaeiu inouanoaeyoue naith aeayoaeueiinoue n
o/aoii iaania/aiey io?aiu ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu, naieoa?iiai e
yieaeaie/aneiai aeaaiiieo/ey ianaeaiey.
A iaycaiiinoe i?aaei?eyoey aoiaeeo i?iaaaeaiea i?e?iaeiio?aiiuo
ia?ii?eyoee, a o./. ?aeoeueoeaaoeey caiaeue e ainnoaiiaeaiea eania iinea
eo eniieueciaaiey, niinianoaothueo oiaiueoaieth aucaaiiuo i?iecaiaenoaii
io?eoeaoaeueiuo aicaeaenoaee. I?aaei?eyoea ioaa/aao ca ?aoeeiiaeueiia
eniieueciaaiea anao i?e?iaeiuo ?ano?nia e aiciauaao cao?aou ia
ainnoaiiaeaiea e io?aio i?e?iaeiuo ?ano?nia ( no.4 Caeiia Oe?aeiu “I
i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa”).
Ca i?e/eiaiiue oua?a e oauoee i?aaei?eieiaoaeue ianao eiouanoaaiioth e
eioth, onoaiiaeaiioth caeiiii ioaaonoaaiiinoue (Oai aea, no.10).
Aeayoaeueiinoue, naycaiiay n iioaioeeaeueiie iianiinoueth aeey
caei?iauey ethaeae, iiaeeaaeeo eeoeaice?iaaieth. Ia?a/aiue oaeie
aeayoaeueiinoe aeaaony a no.4 Caeiia Oe?aeiu “I i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa” e
no.13 Caeiia Oe?aeiu “Ia iaania/aiee naieoa?iiai e yieaeaie/aneiai
aeaaiiieo/ey ianaeaiey”.
I?iaeoeoeey, ia eioi?oth a ainoaea?noaaiiuo noaiaea?oao e a ae?oaeo
ii?iaoeaii-oaoie/aneeo aeieoiaioao eiathony o?aaiaaiey ii aaciianiinoe
caei?iauey e aeecie ianaeaiey, iiaeeaaeeo iaycaoaeueiie na?oeoeeaoeee
(no.14 Caeiia Oe?aeiu “Ia iaania/aiee naieoa?iiai e yieaeaie/aneiai
aeaaiiieo/ey ianaeaiey).
Caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii i?aaeoniao?eaathony yeiiiie/aneea e i?aaiaua ia?u,
niinianoaothuea oaeie aeayoaeueiinoe noauaeoia i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa.
A /anoiinoe, a naaanoieiinoue i?iaeoeoeee aeeth/athony: oaeouea cao?aou,
naycaiiua n niaea?aeaieai e yenieoaoaoeeae oiiaeia
i?e?iaeiio?aieoaeueiiai iacia/aiey:
– i/enoeoaeueiuo nii?oaeaiee, oeiaeoaeae, oeeueo?ia e ae?oaeo
i?e?iaeiio?aiiuo iauaeoia, ?anoiaeia ii caoi?iiaieth yeieiae/anee
iianiuo iooiaeia, iieaoo oneoa noi?iiieo i?aaiecaoeee ca i?eaieo,
o?aiaiea e oie/oiaeaiea yeieiae/anee iianiuo iooiaeia, i/enoeo noi/iuo
aiae, i?i/ea aeaeu oaeoueo i?e?iaeiio?aiiuo ?anoiaeia;
– cao?aou, naycaiiua n ?ac?aaioeie e ooaa?aeaeaieai ii?i ia aua?inu e
na?inu caa?yciythueo aauanoa a ie?oaeathuoth i?e?iaeioth n?aaeo.
Aeey iiauoaiey caeioa?aniaaiiinoe i?aaei?eyoee e i?aaiecaoeee a
onei?aiee iaiiaeaiey iniiaiuo i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo oiiaeia aac iiauoaiey
oeai e oa?eoia ia auioneaaioth i?iaeoeoeeth Ieioei e Ieiyeiiiieee aeatho
?ac?aoaiea ia i?eiaiaiea onei?aiiie aii?oecaoeee ( ia aieaa /ai 2 ?aca a
niioaaonoaee n aeaenoaothueie ii?iaie) eo aeoeaiie /anoe a neo/ayo,
naycaiiuo n io?aiie ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu1.
Ia oeo/oaiea yeieiae/aneie neooaoeee a no?aia iai?aaeaiu e oaeea
iieiaeaiey no.48 Caeiia Oe?aeiu “Ia io?aia ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie
n?aaeu”, eae ia?aaea/a /anoe n?aaenoa aiaathaeaeaoiuo oiiaeia io?aiu
ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu ia aeiaiai?iuo oneiaeyo i?aaei?eyoeyi,
o/?aaeaeaieyi, i?aaiecaoeeyi e a?aaeaeaiai ia ia?ii?eyoey aeey
aa?aioe?iaaiiiai nieaeaiey aua?inia e na?inia caa?yciythueo aauanoa e
oiaiueoaiey oece/aneeo, oeie/aneeo e aeieiae/aneeo aicaeaenoaee ia
ninoiyiea ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu, ia ?acaeoea yeieiae/anee
aaciianiuo oaoiieiaee e i?iecaiaenoa.
2.3. N/eoaaony, /oi iauanoaaiiia yeieiae/aneia aeaeaeaiea aicieeei a
1962 aiaeo, eiaaea aue nicaeai Anaie?iue oiiae io?aiu i?e?iaeu (AOII) –
naiay iiiai/eneaiiay /anoiay iaaeaeoia?iaeiay i?aaiecaoeey. A 27 aa
iaoeeiiaeueiuo i?aaiecaoeeyo ia anao eiioeiaioao iauaaeeiaii ieiei 3
ieeeeiiia /eaiia. A iniiaiii iia caieiaaony yeieiae/aneei i?inaauaieai
ianaeaiey e nicaeaieai oiiaeia ii io?aia ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu e
en/acathueo aeaeia aeeaioiuo… Aeayoaeueiinoue AOII iiiiaea
noaiiaeaieth Iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai Nithca io?aiu i?e?iaeu e i?e?iaeiuo
?ano?nia, Iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai nithca ii io?aia ioeoe,
Iaaeaeoia?iaeiiaiiao/ii-enneaaeiaaoaeueneiai ath?i e oiiaea eiaie
*a?eueca Aea?aeia…
Na?ueaciue ?aciao aeaeaeaiea “caeaiuo” i?eia?aei a Oaaea?aoeaiie
?anioaeeea Aa?iaiee. ?aciioa?noiua a?oiiu e a?oiiee “yeieiaenoia” eeoue
a 1980 aiaeo iauyaeee naay ia?oeae, ii oaea /a?ac o?e aiaea ia
ia?eaiaioneeo auai?ao iieo/eee ieiei 6 i?ioeaioia aieinia ecae?aoaeae e
caiyee /aoaa?oia ianoi n?aaee anao iieeoe/aneeo ia?oee.
Oniaoe yeieiae/aneiai aeaeaeaiey auioaeaeatho n/eoaoueny n iei eiua
iieeoe/aneea neeu. A 1984 aiaeo eii?aeeiaoeeiiiay a?oiia “caeaiuo”,
iauaaeeieaoay iieeoe/aneea ia?oee ec Aano?aeee, Aaeueaee,
Aaeeeia?eoaiee, E?eaiaeee, Ieaea?eaiaeia, O?aioeee e Oaaoeee, i?iaaea 11
naieo i?aaenoaaeoaeae a Aa?iiaeneee ia?eaiaio. Ai a?aiy i?yiuo auai?ia a
Aa?iia?eaiaio a ethia 1989 aiaea “caeaiua” iieo/eee oai 38 iano.
Oe?iei ecaanoia aeayoaeueiinoue nicaeaiiie a 1971 aiaeo a Eaiaaea
iaaeaeoia?iaeiie iai?aaeoaeuenoaaiiie i?aaiecaoeee “A?eiien”. Oniao ae
iaania/eee eiiiaoaioiua e iaii?enoua aeoeaenou e oi?ioi iinoaaeaiiay
i?iiaaaiaeenoneay e ?aeeaiiay ?aaioa. A ?acoeueoaoa oneeee “A?eiien”
inouanoaeaiu ianauoi/iua, eacaeinue au, ia/ou: ieaiu i?ae?auaiey
O?aioeeae aoiinoa?iuo eniuoaiee yaea?iiai i?oaeey a aannaeia Oeoiai
ieaaia; cai?ao AYN ia eiii?o oeo? ii?neeo eioeeia e ecaeaeee ec ieo;
i?iaaaeaiea aieiniaaiey Iaaeaeoia?iaeiie eiienneae ii eeoiaieiiio
i?iiuneo ca aaaaeaiey ii?aoi?ey ia eiiia?/aneoth aeiau/o eeoia;
aeinoeaeaiea niaeaoaiey ia Eiiaeiineie eiioa?aioeee ii aii?inai
caoi?iiaiey ioni?a; i aaaaeaiee caeiia, cai?auathuaai caoi?iiaiea
yaea?iuo inoaoeia ia aeia ie?iaiai ieaaia; cai?ao a Aa?iia ia
na?anuaaiea oiene/iuo iooiaeia a ieaai.
“A?eiien” i?aaieciaae ?yae aaaeiaeoeo iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo aeoeee e
eiiiaiee: aioeyaea?ioth, i?ioea oiene/iuo aauanoa, a caueoo aoiinoa?u,
Aioa?eoeee, Oeoiai ieaaia e o.ae.
Ii ninoiyieth ia 1992 aiaea “A?eiien” eiaao ieiei 40 i?aaenoaaeoaeae
aieaa /ai a 20 no?aiao ,ianeieueei ei?aaeae,aaco a Aioa?eoeaea e ieiei
o?ao ieeeeiiia noi?iiieeia ai anai ie?a. A aa ooaoa 400 iinoiyiiuo
nio?oaeieeia e ouny/e aeia?iaieueiuo iiiiuieeia. “A?eiien” eiaao noaoon
iieiii?aaiiai /eaia eee ioeoeeaeueiiai iaaethaeaoaey a ?yaea
iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo eiiaaieoeee ii io?aia ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu.
“Caeaiia” aeaeaeaiea ca ?oaaaeii no?aieony e eiinieeaeaoeee oneeee,
naa?ea naiae no?aoaaee e oaeoeee, oneeaieth iiue yeieiae/aneeo nee. A
ia?oa 1988 aiaea a Eoa?a (Aiaeey) ninoiyeny anaie?iue eiia?ann
“caeaiuo”1.
A iiya?a 1993 aiaea a Iineaa aue i?iaaaeai iaaeaeoia?iaeiue eiia?ann
“AEaiueiu ca io?aio ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu” n oeaeueth i?eaea/ue aieiaiea
i?aaeoaeuenoa e iauanoaaiiinoe, iieacaoue, /oi ?aoaiea yeieiae/aneeo
i?iaeai naaiaeiy o?aaoao ia oieueei n?i/iiai nicaeaiey ainoaea?noaaiiuo
iaoaieciia, ii e eciaiaiey niciaiey ethaeae.
Eiia?ann i?ioiaeee iiae yaeaeie THIANEI e Aa?iiaeneie naoe ii aeaineei
enneaaeiaaieyi (Ieaea?eaiaeu), a aai o/?aaeeoaeyie noaee Nithc aeaiuei
?innee, Ieienoa?noai io?aiu ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu e i?e?iaeiuo ?ano?nia
?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee, oi?aiai-i?iiuoeaiiay iaeaoa ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee2.
Naie aeeaae a ?acaeoea iauanoaaiiiai yeieiae/aneiai aeaeaeaiey ia
oa??eoi?ee E?uia aiinyo oaeea iauanoaaiiua iauaaeeiaiey eae Iauanoai
io?aiu i?e?iaeu E?uia, E?uineee yeieiae/aneee aeaaioai?eoaeueiue oiiae
“Naeniiaaciianiinoue I?e/a?iiii?uey” (*a?nae”), E?uineay annioeeaoeey
ethaeoaeae ioeoe e ae?.
Caeiiiaeaoaeuenoai Oe?aeiu i?aaeoniao?eaaao i?aaiaia iainiiaaiea
aeayoaeueiinoe iauanoaaiiuo oi?ie?iaaiee ii aii?inai io?aiu ie?oaeathuae
i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu, enoiaey ec iniiaiiieaaathuaai i?eioeeia: a?aaeaeaia
Oe?aeiu eiatho i?aai ia aaciianioth aeey eo aeecie e caei?iauey
ie?oaeathuoth i?e?iaeioth n?aaeo. Aeayoaeueiinoue, i?aiyonoaothuay
inouanoaeaieth oaeeo i?aa a?aaeaeai, iiaeeaaeeo i?ae?auaieth a ii?yaeea,
onoaiiaeaiiii caeiiii Oe?aeiu “Ia io?aia ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie N?aaeu”
e eiui caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii Oe?aeiu, a oua?a i?e/eiaiiue caei?iaueth e
eiouanoao a?aaeaeai aneaaenoaea ia?ooaiey caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa ia io?aia
ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie N?aaeu, aeieaeai auoue eiiiaine?iaai a
onoaiiaeaiiii ii?yaeea.
Iauanoaaiiua yeieiae/aneea iauaaeeiaiey nicaeathony e ooieoeeiie?otho ia
iniiaa naieo onoaaia e niioaaonoaothuaai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa Oe?aeiu,
niaeanii eioi?iio iie eiatho i?aai aunooiaoue n eieoeeaoeaie i?iaaaeaiey
?anioaeeeaineiai e ianoiuo ?aoa?aiaeoiia ii aii?inai, naycaiiui n
io?aiiie ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu, eniieueciaaieai i?e?iaeiuo
?ano?nia e iaania/aieai yeieaiae/aneie aaciianiinoe; iieo/aoue a
onoaiiaeaiiii ii?yaeea eioi?iaoeeth i ninoiyiee ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie
n?aaeu, enoi/ieeao aa caa?yciaiey, i?ia?aiiao e ia?ii?eyoeyo ii io?aia
ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu; i?aaeuyaeyoue a noae enee i aiciauaiee
oua?aa, i?e/eiaiiiai a neaaenoaea ia?ooaiey caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa ia io?aia
ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie N?aaeu, a oii /enea caei?iaueth a?aaeaeai e
eiouanoao iauanoaaiiuo iauaaeeiaiee e o.ae. (no.21 Caeiia Oe?aeiu “Ia
io?aia ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu”).
Ii?aaeaeaiioth ?ieue a noaiiaeaiee ianniaiai iauanoaaiiiai
yeieiae/aneiai aeaeaeaiey i?ecaaiu nua?aoue iauea nia?aiey a?aaeaeai ii
ianoo aeeoaeuenoaa. Iinoaiiaeaieai Aa?oiaiiai Niaaoa Oe?aeiu io 17
aeaeaa?y 1993 aiaea aeaiiua nia?aiey iaaeaeythony i?aaii ianoaeaeaiey
aii?inia, naycaiiuo n i?eaea/aieai ianaeaiey e eeeaeaeaoeee iineaaenoaee
aaa?ee e noeoeeiuo aaaenoaee; niaeaenoaeai Niaaoai, ainoaea?noaaiiui
i?aaiai a i?iaaaeaiee ?aaio ii eeeaeaeaoeee iineaaenoaee aaa?ee;
caneooeaaoue eioi?iaoeeth eniieieoaeueiuo i?aaiia ianoiuo Niaaoia ia
yeieiae/anee iianiuo aaa?eyo e neooaoeeyo, ninoiyiee ie?oaeathuae
i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu, a oaeaea i ia?ao, i?aaei?eieiaaiuo a oeaeyo aa
oeo/oaiey1. A ?aaioa nia?aiey eiatho i?aai i?eieiaoue o/anoea
a?aaeaeaia, aeinoeaoea 18 eao e iinoiyiii i?iaeeaathuea ia
niioaaonoaothuae oa??eoi?ee, a oaeaea aeaiooaou Niaaoia ia?iaeiuo
aeaiooaoia, i?aaenoaaeoaee ainoaea?noaaiiuo i?aaiia, o?oaeiauo
eieeaeoeaia, iauaaeeiaiee e a?aaeaeai.
A nia?aieyo ia o/anoaotho ineoe/anee aieueiua a?aaeaeaia, i?eciaiiua
noaeii iaaeaaniiniaiuie, eeoea, niaea?aeaueany a ianoao eeoaiey
naiaiaeu, a oaeaea eeoea, iaoiaeyueany ii ?aoaieth noaea a ianoao
i?eioaeeoaeueiiai ea/aiey.
I?aaeeiaeaiey, i?eiyoua ia nia?aiee, iiaoo auoue ioi?aaeaiu a
niioaaonoaothuea Niaaou, ainoaea?noaaiiua i?aaiu, ae?oaea i?aaiu
ianoiiai e ?aaeiiaeueiiai naiioi?aaeaiey, e ?oeiaiaeeoaeyi i?aaei?eyoee,
i?aaiecaoeee e o/?aaeaeaiee, eioi?ua iaycaiu ?anniio?aoue yoe
i?aaeeiaeaiey e eioi?ie?iaaoue a iany/iue n?ie i ?acoeueoaoao
?anniio?aiey eeoe eee i?aaiu, ii ?aoaieth eioi?uo auei nicaaii nia?aiea.
?aoaiey nia?aiee i?iaiaeyony a aeeciue i?aaenaaeaoaeyie niioaaonoaothueo
Niaaoia, eo eniieieoaeueiuie i?aaiaie, i?aaiaie oa??eoi?eaeueiie
naiii?aaiecaoeee a?aaeaeai.
Iaeiaei ii?aaeaeaiiue aeaenoaothuei caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii Oe?aeiu noaoon
iauanoaaiiuo iauaaeeiaiee ii aii?inai yeieiaee neoaeeo ioi?aaiui, ii ia
ieii/aoaeueiui iiiaioii a ?acaeoee yeieiae/aneie eieoeeaoeau
iauanoaaiiinoe, iai?aaeaiiie ia oeo/oaiea ninoiyiey ie?oaeathuae
i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu e ?aoeeiiaeueiia eniieueciaaiea i?e?iaeiuo ?ano?nia.
CAEETH*AIEA
Eiia/ii,a iauaia 1-e eo?niaie ?aaiou o?oaeii iieiinoueth inaaoeoue
oaeoth aeoaieoth e iaoe?ioth oaio eae IAOAIECI IO?AIU IE?OAEATHUAE
I?E?IAeIIE N?AAeU, iaeiaei ooiaeaiaioaeueiua iiiyoey e aaciaua
iieiaeaiey a oeacaiiie ?aaioa i?eaaaeaiu. Ianiio?y ia oi,/oi
i?aaioai?/aneee iiaeoiae e yeieiae/aneei aii?inai ii-?inneeneiio e
ii-oe?aeineiio caeiiiaeaoaeuenoao ianeieueei ioee/athony ae?oa io
ae?oaa,ii yoe ioee/ey ia noieue nouanoaaiiua e e oiio aea ii ?yaeo
iauaeoeaiuo e noauaeoeaiuo i?e/ei ?inneeneay i?aaioai?/aneay iuneue
iaiiiai iia?aaeaao oe?aeineoth,/oi aeaao iaoei caeiiiaeaoaeyi
eniieueciaaoue iieiaeeoaeueiue iiuo iaeiieaiiue ?inneeneeie th?enoaie
iinea i?eiyoey oao eee eiuo ii?iaoeaiuo aeoia, e ecaaaaoue
ioeaie,iaycaoaeueii ano?a/athueony ia oaeii oa?ienoii iooe eae
i?aaioai?/anoai. *oi aea eanaaony caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa a iaeanoe io?aiu
ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu, oi caeanue ianoiyuae
aeanoaeoaeueiinoueth ia ioaiaeeony iiiai a?aiaie ia ia i?eiyoea
ea?aeeiaeueiuo aeaenoaee, oae eae ethaia i?iiaaeeaiea a?iceo
iaia?aoeiuie iineaaenoaeyie a aoaeouai.
Eniieuecoy iieiaeeoaeueiue iiuo ia oieueei ?innee ,ii e ae?oaeo
?acaeouo ainoaea?noa,o/eouaay iaoeeiiaeueiua e enoi?e/aneea iniaaiiinoe
iaoaai ia?iaea Oe?aeia noaiao aeaiie?aoe/aneei e i?aaiaui ainoaea?noaii,
eioi?ia caeiao naia aeinoieiia ianoi n?aaee ?acaeouo aeaiie?aoe/aneeo
ainoaea?noa.
NIENIE ENIIEUeCIAAIIIE EEOA?AOO?U
1.Eiinoeoooeey (Iniiaiie Caeii) Oe?aeiu – I?eiyoay Aa?oiaiui Niaaoii
Oe?aeiu 28.06.1996a.
2. Caeii Oe?aeiu “I i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa”. – Aaaeiiinoe Aa?oiaiiai
Niaaoa Oe?aeiu; 1991,N14, 1992 a., N51, 1994, N3.
3. Caeii Oe?aeiu “Ia io?aia ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie n?aaeu”. –
Aaaeiiinoe Aa?oiaiiai Niaaoa Oe?aeiu, 1991, N41.
4. Caeii Oe?aeiu “Ia iaania/aiee naieoa?iiai e yieaeaie/aneiai
aeaaiiieo/ey ianaeaiey”. – “Aiein Oe?aeiu”, 8 ai?aey 1994 a., N65.
5. Aeae?ao Eaaeiaoa Ieieno?ia Oe?aeiu “I noaiaea?oecaoeee e
na?oeoeeaoeee”. – Aaaeiiinoe Aa?oiaiiai Niaaoa Oe?aeiu, 1993 a., N27.
6. Iinoaiiaeaiea I?aceaeeoia Aa?oiaiiai Niaaoa Oe?aeiu “Ia ooaa?aeaeaiee
Iieiaeaiey ia iaueo nia?aieyo a?aaeaeai ii ianoo aeeoaeuenoaa
Oe?aeiu”.-Aaaeiiinoe Aa?oiaiiai Niaaoa Oe?aeiu,1994 a., N6.
7. Iieiaeaiea i ainoaea?noaaiiii iiieoi?eiaa ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie
na?aeu. – Nia?aiea iinoaiiaeaiee i?aaeoaeuenoaa Oe?aeiu, 1994 a., N2,
noaouey 38.
8. TH?eaee/aneee ni?aai/iee i?aaei?eieiaoaey. Aeaaa 16. Iiae ?aaeaeoeeae
Oaioo/aiei TH.N. “Ia?eeo i?iaeaeoi, EOAe”, Eeaa, 1992 a.
9. ?acaaca?eaaai… oo?aou, – “Aiein Oe?aeiu” io 14 aeaeaa?y 1993 aiaea,
N234.
10. Aaeoieia O.N. AEaiueiu ca io?aio ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu, –
Ainoaea?noai e i?aai, 1994, N4.
11. Aiaiethaia N. Iauanoaaiiua iauaaeeiaiey ia no?aaea i?e?iaeu, –
Yeieiaey e aecian, 1993, N3.
12. Aaeeei TH. “Caeaiua” – eoi iie ?”, – “Caeaiue ie?”, 1992 a., N25-26.
13. Aeaieeia-Aeaieeueyi A.E. I?e?iaeiio?aiiay nenoaia nae/an aeinoaoi/ii
aaeeia. – “Caeaiue ie?”, 1994 a., N1.
14. Iao?ia A. Yeiiiieea e n?aaea iaeoaiey. – “Yeieiaey e aecian”, 1993
a., N3.
15. Oaa/oe A. Yeiiiie/aneee iaoaieci io?aiu i?e?iaeu. – Yeieiaey e
aecian”, 1993a., N3.
16. Oaa/oe A. Yooaeo a?aaeiuo aua?inia. Iooe eioaa?e?iaaiey
yeiiiie/aneie e yeieiae/aneie ?aoi?iu a Oe?aeia, – “Aiein Oe?aeiu”, 20
ai?aey 1994 a., N73.
1 Aeaieeia-Aeaieeueyi A.E. I?e?iaeiio?aieoaeueiay nenoaia nae/an
aeinoaoi/ii aaeeia. /Caeaiue ie?, 1994., N1.
2 Oaa/oe A. Yooaeo a?aaeiuo aua?inia. Iooe eioaa?e?iaaiey yeiiiie/aneie
e yeieiae/aneie ?aoi?iu a Oe?aeia. //Aiein Oe?aeiu, 20 ai?aey 1994 a.,
N73.
1 Caeii Oe?aeiu “Ia iaania/aiee naieoa?iiai e yieaeaie/aneiai
aeaaiiieo/ey ianaeaiey”//Aiein Oe?aeiu, 8 ai?aey 1994 a.,N65.
1 TH?eaee/aneee ni?aai/iee i?aaei?eieiaoaey. Aeaaa 16. Iiae.?aaeaeoeeae
Oai/ooaiei TH.N. “Ia?eeo i?iaeaeoi, EOAe”, Eeaa, 1992 a., n.372.
1 Iao?ia A.A. Yeieiae/aneee eiaeaen ?innee (e i?eiyoeth Aa?oiaiui
Niaaoii ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee Caeiia “Ia io?aia ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaeiie
N?aaeu”), no?.8.
1 Oaa/oe A. Yooaeo a?aaeiuo aua?inia. Iooe eioaa?e?iaaiey yeiiiie/aneie
e yeieiae/aneie ?aoi?iu a Oe?aeia, – Aiein Oe?aeiu, 20 ai?aey 1994 a.,
N73.
1 ?acaaca?eaatho …oo?aou, – “Aein Oe?aeiu” io 14 aeaeaa?y 1993
a.,N237.
2 Ni.nia?aiea iinoaiiaeaiee I?aaeoaeuenoaa Oe?aeiu, 1994 a., N5, noaouey
134.
1 Oaa/oe A. Yooaeo a?aaeiuo aua?inia. Iooe eioaa?e?iaaiey yeiiiie/aneie
e yeieiae/aneie ?aoi?iu a Oe?aeia, – “Aiein Oe?aeiu”, 20 ai?aey 1994 a.,
N73.
1 TH?eaee/aneee ni?aai/iee i?aaei?eieiaoaey, no?.375.
2 Oai aea, no?.376.
1 Ni.: Nia?aiea iinoaiiaeaiee I?aaeoaeuenoaa Oe?aeiu, 1994, N2, no.38.
1 Nia?aiea iinoaiiaeaiee I?aaeoaeuenoaa Oe?aeiu, 1994, N1, noaouey 5.
1 Ni..: Nia?aiea iinoaiiaeaiee I?aaeoaeuenoaa Oe?aeiu, 1993 a.,N 12,
no.274.
1 TH?eaee/aneee ni?aai/iee i?aaei?eieiaoaey, no?.383-384.
1 Nia?aiea iinoaiiaeaiee i?aaeoaeuenoaa Oe?aeiu, 1994, N3, no. 52.
1 Aaeeei TH. “Caeaiua – eoi iie?, – “Caeaiue ie?”, 1994 a., N25-26.
2 Aaeoieia O.N. AEaiueiu ca io?aio ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu. – Ainoaea?noai e
i?aai, 1994, N4.
1 Iieiaeaiea ia iaueo nia?aieyo a?aaeaeai ii ianoo aeeoaeuenoaa Oe?aeiu,
no.no. 2,6,7,13.
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