“Oeie/aneia caa?yciaiea n?aaeu i?iiuoeaiiinoueth”
Ieai
1. Anooieaiea
2. Oeie/aneia caa?yciaiea aoiinoa?u
1a) Iniiaiua caa?yciythuea aauanoaa
1a) Ay?icieueiia caa?yciaiea
1a) Oioioeie/aneee ooiai (niia)
1a) Eiio?ieue ca aua?inaie caa?yciaiee
1a aoiinoa?o (IAeE)
3. Oeie/aneia caa?yciaiea i?e?iaeiuo aiae
1a) Iai?aaie/aneia caa?yciaiea
1a) I?aaie/aneia caa?yciaiea
4. Caa?yciaiea Ie?iaiai ieaaia
1a) Iaooue
1a) Ianoeoeeaeu
1a) NIAA
1a) Eaioea?iaaiu
1ae) Oyaeaeua iaoaeeu
1a) Na?in iooiaeia a ii?a (aeaiieia)
1ae) Oaieiaia caa?yciaiea
5. Caa?yciaiea ii/au
1a) Ianoeoeeaeu, eae caa?yciythuee oaeoi?
1a) Eeneioiua aeiaeaee
6. Caeeth/aiea
1. Anooieaiea
Ia anao noaaeeyo naiaai ?acaeoey /aeiaae aue oanii naycai n
ie?oaeathuei ie?ii. Ii n oao ii? eae iiyaeeinue aunieieiaeono?eaeueiia
iauanoai, iianiia aiaoaoaeuenoai /aeiaaea a i?e?iaeo ?acei
oneeeeinue, ?anoe?eeny iau?i yoiai aiaoaoaeuenoaa, iii noaei
iiiaiia?aciaa e nae/an a?iceo noaoue aeiaaeueiie iianiinoueth aeey
/aeiaa/anoaa. ?anoiae iaaiciaiiaeiuo aeaeia nu?uey iiauoaaony, ana
aieueoa iaoioiuo caiaeue auauaaao ec yeiiiieee, oae ia ieo no?iyony
ai?iaea e caaiaeu. *aeiaaeo i?eoiaeeony ana aieueoa aiaoeaaoueny a
oicyenoai aeinoa?u – oie /anoe iaoae ieaiaou, a eioi?ie nouanoaoao
aeeciue. Aeinoa?a Caiee a ianoiyuaa a?aiy iiaeaa?aaaony ia?anoathuaio
aio?iiiaaiiiio aicaeaenoaeth.I?e yoii iiaeii auaeaeeoue ianeieueei
iaeaieaa nouanoaaiiuo i?ioeannia, ethaie ec eioi?uo ia oeo/oaao
yeieiae/aneoth neooaoeeth ia ieaiaoa.
Iaeaieaa ianooaaiui e cia/eoaeueiui yaeyaony oeie/aneia
caa?yciaiea n?aaeu ianaienoaaiiuie ae aauanoaaie oeie/aneie i?e?iaeu.
N?aaee ieo – aaciia?aciua e ay?icieueiua caa?ycieoaee
i?iiuoeaiii-auoiaiai i?ienoiaeaeaiey. I?ia?anne?oao e iaeiieaiea
oaeaeeneiai aaca a aoiinoa?a. Aeaeueiaeoaa ?acaeoea yoiai i?ioeanna
aoaeao oneeeaaoue iaaeaeaoaeueioth oaiaeaioeeth a noi?iio iiauoaiey
n?aaeiaaiaeiaie oaiia?aoo?u ia ieaiaoa. Aucuaaao o?aaiao o yeieiaia e
i?iaeieaeathuaany caa?yciaiea Ie?iaiai ieaaia iaooueth e
iaooai?iaeoeoaie, aeinoeaoaa oaea 11/5 0aai iauae iiaa?oiinoe.
Iaooyiia caa?yciaiea oaeeo ?acia?ia iiaeao aucaaoue nouanoaaiiua
ia?ooaiey aaci- e aiaeiiaiaia iaaeaeo aeae?inoa?ie e aoiinoa?ie. Ia
aucuaaao niiiaiee e cia/aiea oeie/aneiai caa?yciaiey ii/au
ianoeoeeaeaie e aa iiauoaiiay eeneioiinoue, aaaeouay e ?aniaaeo
yeinenoaiu. A oeaeii ana ?anniio?aiiua oaeoi?u, eioi?ui iiaeii
i?eienaoue caa?yciythuee yooaeo, ieacuaatho caiaoiia aeeyiea ia
i?ioeannu, i?ienoiaeyuea a aeinoa?a.
2.Oeie/aneia caa?yciaiea aeinoa?u.
Naie ?aoa?ao y ia/io n iaci?a oao oaeoi?ia, eioi?ua i?eaiaeyo e
oooaeoaieth ninoiyiey iaeiie ec aaaeiaeoeo ninoaaeythueo aeinoa?u –
aoiinoa?u . *aeiaae caa?yciyao aoiinoa?o oaea ouny/aeaoeyie, iaeiaei
iineaaenoaey oiio?aaeaiey iaiy, eioi?ui ii iieueciaaeny aanue yoio
ia?eiae, auee iacia/eoaeueiu. I?eoiaeeeinue ie?eoueny n oai, /oi aeui
iaoae aeuoaieth e /oi naaea eiaeeeanue /a?iui iie?iaii ia iioieea e
noaiao aeeeeua. Iieo/aaiia oaiei auei aeey /aeiaaea aaaeiaa, /ai
/enoue aicaeoo e iacaeii/aiiua noaiu iaua?u. Yoi ia/aeueiia caa?yciaiea
aicaeooa ia i?aaenoaaeyei i?iaeaiu, eai ethaee iaeoaee oiaaea
iaaieueoeie a?oiiaie, caieiay iaecia?ii iaoe?ioth iao?iioooth
i?e?iaeioth n?aaeo. E aeaaea cia/eoaeueiia nin?aaeioi/aiea ethaeae ia
n?aaieoaeueii iaaieueoie oa??eoi?ee, eae yoi auei a eeanne/aneie
ae?aaiinoe, ia nii?iaiaeaeaeinue aua na?ueaciuie iineaaenoaeyie.
Oae auei aieioue aei ia/aea aeaayoiaaeoeaoiai aaea. Eeoue ca
iineaaeiea noi eao ?acaeoea ?acaeoea i?iiuoeaiiinoe “iaea?eei” ian
oaeeie i?iecaiaenoaaiiuie i?ioeannaie, iineaaenoaey eioi?uo aia/aea
/aeiaae aua ia iia naaa i?aaenoaaeoue. Aicieeee ai?iaea-ieeeeiia?u,
?ino eioi?uo inoaiiaeoue iaeuecy. Ana yoi ?acoeueoao aaeeeeo
ecia?aoaiee e caaiaaaiee /aeiaaea.
A iniiaiii nouanoaotho o?e iniiaiuo enoi/ieea caa?yciaiey
aoiinoa?u: i?iiuoeaiiinoue, auoiaua eioaeueiua, o?ainii?o. Aeiey
eaaeaeiai ec yoeo enoi/ieeia a iauai caa?yciaiee aicaeooa neeueii
?acee/aaony a caaeneiinoe io ianoa. Nae/an iauai?eciaiii, /oi iaeaieaa
neeueii caa?yciyao aicaeoo i?iiuoeaiiia i?iecaiaenoai.
Enoi/ieee caa?yciaiee – oaieiyeaeo?inoaioeee, eioi?ua aianoa n aeuiii
aua?anuaatho a aicaeoo na?ienoue e oaeaeeneue aac; iaoae eo?ae/aneea
i?aaei?eyoey, iniaaiii oeaaoiie iaoaeeo?aee, eioi ?ua aua?anuaatho a
aicaeooieneeu acioa, na?iaiaei?iae, oei?, ooi?, aiieae, niaaeeiaiey
oinoi?a, /anoeoeu e niaaeeiaiey ?oooe
e iuoueyea; oeie/aneea e oeaiaioiua caaiaeu. A?aaeiua aacu iiia
aeatho a aicaeoo a ?acoeueoaoa naeeaaiey oiieeaa aeey ioaeae
i?iiuoeaiiinoe, ioiieaiey aeeeeu, ?aaiou o?ainii?oa, naeeaaiey e
ia?a?aaioee auoiauo e i?iiuoeaiiuo iooiaeia. Aoiinoa?iua
caa?ycieoaee?acaeaeytho ia ia?ae/iua, iinooiathuea iaiin?aaenoaaiii a
aoiinoa?o, e aoi?e/iua, yaeythueany ?acoeueoaoii i?aa?auaiey
iineaaeieo. Oae, iinooiathuee a aoiinoa?o na?ienoue aac ieeney-
aony aei na?iiai aiaeae?eaea, eioi?ue acaeiiaeaenoaoao n ia?aie
aiaeu e ia?acoao eaiaeueee na?iie eeneiou. I?e acaeiiaeaenoaee
na?iiai aiaeae?eaea n aiieaeii ia?acothony e?enoaeeu noeueoaoa
aiiiiey. Iiaeiaiui ia?acii, a ?acoeueoaoa oeie/aneeo, oioioeie-
/aneeo, oeceei-oeie/aneeo ?aaeoeee iaaeaeo caa?yciythueie aauano-
aaie e eiiiiiaioaie aoiinoa?u, ia?acothony ae?oaea aoi?e/iua
i?eciaee. Iniiaiui enoi/ieeii ie?iaaiiiai caa?yciaiey ia iea-
iaoa yaeythony oaieiaua yeaeo?inoaioeee, iaoaeeo?ae/aneea e oe-
ie/aneea i?aaei?eyoey, eioaeueiua onoaiiaee, iio?aaeythuea aieaa
170% 0aaeaaiaeii aeiauaaaiiai oaa?aeiai e aeeaeeiai oiieeaa.
Iniiaiu-
ie a?aaeiuie i?eianyie ie?iaaiiiai i?ienoiaeaeaiey yaeythony
neaaeothuea:
_ 3a) Ieneae oaea?iaea . 0. Iieo/aaony i?e iaiieiii nai?aiee oaea-
?iaeenouo aauanoa. A aicaeoo ii iiiaaeaao a ?acoeueoaoa naeeaaiey
oaa?aeuo iooiaeia, n auoeiiiuie aacaie e aua?inaie i?iiuoeaiiuo
i?aaei?eyoee. Aaeaaiaeii yoiai aaca iinooiaao a aoiinoa?o ia ia-
iaa 1250 iei.o. 0Ieneae oaea?iaea yaeyaony niaaeeiaieai, aeoeaii
?aaae?othuei n ninoaaiuie /anoyie aoiinoa?u e niinianoaoao ii-
auoaieth oaiia?aoo?u ia ieaiaoa, e nicaeaieth ia?ieeiaiai yooae-
oa.
_ 3a) Na?ienoue aiaeae?eae. . 0Auaeaeyaony a i?ioeanna nai?aiey
na?o-
niaea?aeauaai oiieeaa eee ia?a?aaioee na?ienouo ?oae (aei 170
1iei.o. 0a aiae). *anoue niaaeeiaiee na?u auaeaeyaony i?e ai?aiee
i?aaie/aneeo inoaoeia a ai?ii?oaeiuo ioaaeao. Oieueei a NOA ia-
uaa eiee/anoai aua?ioaiiiai a aoiinoa?o na?ienoiai aiaeae?eaea
ninoaaeei 1 65 i?ioeaioia 0 io iauaie?iaiai aua?ina.
_ 3a) Na?iue aiaeae?eae. . 0Ia?acoaony i?e ieeneaiee
na?ienoiai
aiaeae?eaea. Eiia/iui i?iaeoeoii ?aaeoeee yaeyaony ay?icieue eee
?anoai? na?iie eeneiou a aeiaeaeaaie aiaea, eioi?ue iiaeeeneyao
ii/ao, iaino?yao caaieaaaiey aeuoaoaeueiuo iooae /aeiaaea. Au-
iaaeaiea ay?iciey na?iie eeneiou ec aeuiiauo oaeaeia oeie/aneeo
i?aaei?eyoee ioia/aaony i?e ieceie iaea/iinoe e aunieie aeaae-
iinoe aicaeooa. Eenoiaua ieanoeiee ?anoaiee, i?iec?anoathueo ia
?annoiyiee iaiaa 11 ei. 0io oaeeo i?aaei?eyoee, iau/ii auaatho
aonoi onayiu iaeeeie iae?ioe/aneeie iyoiaie, ia?aciaaaoeony a
ianoao inaaeaiey eaiaeue na?iie eeneiou. Ie?iiaoaeeo?ae/aneea
i?aaei?eyoey oeaaoiie e /a?iie iaoaeeo?aee, a oaeaea OYN aaeaaiae-
ii aua?anuaatho a aoiinoa?o 1aeanyoee ieeeeiiia oiii 0na?iiai ai-
aeae?eaea.
_ 3a) Na?iaiaei?iae e na?ioaea?iae. . 0Iinooiatho a aoiinoa?o
?ac-
aeaeii eee aianoa a ae?oaeie niaaeeiaieyie na?u. Iniiaiuie en-
oi/ieeaie aua?ina yaeythony i?aaei?eyoey ii ecaioiaeaieth en-
eonnoaaiiiai aieieia, naoa?a,eienioeie/aneea, iaooaia?a?aaa-
ouaathuea, a oaeaea iaooai?iiuneu. A aoiinoa?a i?e acaeiiaeaen-
oaee n ae?oaeie caa?ycieoaeyie iiaeaa?aathony iaaeeaiiiio ieenea-
ieth aei na?iiai aiaeae?eaea.
_ 3ae) Ieneeu acioa. . 0Iniiaiuie enoi/ieeaie aua?ina
yaeythony
i?aaei?eyoey, i?iecaiaeyuea acioiua oaeia?aiey, acioioth eeneioo
e ieo?aou, aieeeiiaua e?aneoaee, ieo?iniaaeeiaiey, aeneiciue
oaee, oeaeeoeieae. Eiee/anoai ieneeia acioa, iinooiathueo a ao-
iinoa?o, ninoaaeyao 1 20 iei.o. 0 a aiae.
_ 3a) Niaaeeiaiey ooi?a. . 0Enoi/ieeaie caa?yciaiey
yaeythonyi-
?aaei?eyoey ii i?iecaiaenoao aethieiey, yiaeae, noaeea, ea?aie-
ee, noaee, oinoi?iuo oaeia?aiee. Ooi?iniaea?aeauea aauanoaa iin-
ooiatho a aoiinoa?o a aeaea aaciia?aciuo niaaeeiaiee – ooi?iai-
aei?iaea eee iuee ooi?eaea iao?ey e eaeueoeey. Niaaeeiaiey oa?aeoa-
?ecothony oiene/aneei yooaeoii. I?iecaiaeiua ooi?a yaeythony
neeueiuie einaeoeoeeaeaie.
_ 3ae) Niaaeeiaiey oei?a. . 0Iinooiatho a aoiinoa?o io
oeie/aneeo
i?aaei?eyoee, i?iecaiaeyueo nieyioth eeneioo, oei?iniaea?aeauea
ianoeoeeaeu, i?aaie/aneea e?aneoaee, aeae?ieeciue nie?o, oei?ioth
ecaanoue, niaeo. A aoiinoa?a ano?a/athony eae i?eianue iieaeoeu
oei?a e ia?ia nieyiie eeneiou. Oiene/iinoue oei?a ii?aaeaeyaony
aeaeii niaaeeiaiee e eo eiioeaio?aoeeae. A iaoaeeo?ae/aneie i?i-
iuoeaiiinoe i?e auieaaea /oaoia e i?e ia?a?aaioea aai ia
noaeue i?ienoiaeeo aua?in a aoiinoa?o ?acee/iuo oyaeaeuo iaoae-
eia e yaeiaeouo aacia. Oae, a ?an/aoa ia 11 o. 0ia?aaeaeueiiai /o-
aoia auaeaeyaony e?iia 12,7 ea. 0na?ienoiai aaca e 14,5 ea. 0iuea-
auo /anoeoe, ii?aaeaeythueo eiee/anoai niaaeeiaiee iuoueyea, oin-
oi?a, no?ueiu, naeioea, ia?ia ?oooe e ?aaeeeo iaoaeeia,niieyiuo
aauanoa e oeeaienoiai aiaei?iaea.
_ 3Ay?icieueiia caa?yciaiea aoiinoa?u
Ay?iciee – yoi oaa?aeua eee aeeaeeea /anoeoeu, iaoiaeyueany ai
acaaoaiiii ninoiyiee a aicaeooa. Oaa?aeua eiiiiiaiou ay?icieae
a ?yaea neo/aaa iniaaiii iianiu aeey i?aaieciia, a o ethaeae au-
cuaatho niaoeeoe/aneea caaieaaaiey. A aoiinoa?a ay?icieueiua
caa?yciaiey aini?eieiathony a aeaea aeuia, ooiaia, iaeu eee aeui-
ee. Cia/eoaeueiay /anoue ay?icieae ia?acoaony a aoiinoa?a i?e
acaeiiaeaenoaee oaa?aeuo e aeeaeeeo /anoeoe iaaeaeo niaie eee n ai-
aeyiui ia?ii. N?aaeiee ?acia? ay?icieueiuo /anoeoe ninoaaeyao 11-5
1iei. 0A aoiinoa?o Caiee aaeaaiaeii iinooiaao ieiei 11 eoa.ei.
0iu-
eaaeaeiuo/anoeoe eneonnoaaiiiai i?ienoiaeaeaiey. Aieueoia eiee-
/anoai iueaauo /anoeoe ia?acoaony oaeaea a oiaea i?iecaiaenoaai-
iie aeayoaeueiinoe ethaeae. Naaaeaiey i iaeioi?uo enoi/ieeao oao-
iiaaiiie iuee i?eaaaeaiu ieaea:
_I?IECAIAeNOAAIIUE I?IOeANN AUA?IN IUEE,IEI.O./AIAe
11. Naeeaaiea eaiaiiiai oaey 93,60
12. Auieaaea /oaoia 20,21
13. Auieaaea iaaee (aac i/enoee) 6,23
14. Auieaaea oeeiea 0,18
15. Auieaaea ieiaa (aac i/enoee) 0,004
16. Auieaaea naeioea 0,13
17. I?iecaiaenoai oeaiaioa 53,37
Iniiaiuie enoi/ieeaie eneonnoaaiiuo ay?icieueiuo caa?ycia-
iee aicaeooa yaeythony OYN, eioi?ua iio?aaeytho oaieue aunieie
cieueiinoe, iaiaaoeoaeueiua oaa?eee, iaoaeeo?ae/aneea, oeaiaio-
iua, iaaiaceoiaua e naaeaaua caaiaeu. Ay?icieueiua /anoeoeu io
yoeo enoi/ieeia ioee/athony aieueoei ?aciiia?aceai oeie/aneiai
ninoaaa. *aua anaai a eo ninoaaa iaia?oaeeaathony niaaeeiaiey
e?aiiey, eaeueoeey e oaea?iaea, ?aaea – ieneaeu iaoaeeia: aeaeaca,
iaaiey, ia?aaioea, oeeiea, iaaee, ieeaey, naeioea, no?ueiu, aenio-
oa, naeaia, iuoueyea, aa?eeeey, eaaeiey, o?iia, eiaaeueoa, ii-
eeaaeaia, a oaeaea anaano. Aua aieueoaa ?aciiia?acea naienoaaiii
i?aaie/aneie iuee, aeeth/athuae aeeoaoe/aneea e a?iiaoe/aneea
oaeaaiaei?iaeu, niee eeneio. Iia ia?acoaony i?e naeeaaiee inoa-
oi/iuo iaooai?iaeoeoia, a i?ioeanna ie?ieeca ia iaooaia?a?aaa-
ouaathueo, iaooaoeie/aneeo e ae?oaeo iiaeiaiuo i?aae?eyoeyo. Iin-
oiyiiuie enoi/ieeaie ay?icieueiiai caa?yciaiey yaeythony i?i-
iuoeaiiua ioaaeu – eneonnoaaiiua ianuie ec ia?aioeiaeaiiiai
iaoa?eaea, i?aeiouanoaaiii ane?uoiuo ii?iae, ia?acoaiuo i?e
aeiau/a iieaciuo eneiiaaiuo eee aea ec iooiaeia i?aaei?eyoee ia-
?a?aaaouaathuae i?iiuoeaiiinoe, OYN. Enoi/ieeii iuee e yaeiae-
ouo aacia neoaeao ianniaua ac?uaiua ?aaiou. Oae, a ?acoeueoaoa
iaeiiai n?aaeiaai ii ianna ac?uaa ( 1250-300 oiii 0ac?ua/aouo aa-
uanoa) a aoiinoa?o aua?anuaaaony ieiei 12 oun.eoa.i. 0oneiaiiai
ieneaea oaea?iaea e aieaa 1150 o. 0iuee. I?iecaiaenoai oeaiaioa e
ae?oaeo no?ieoaeueiuo iaoa?eaeia oaeaea yaeyaony enoi/ieeii caa-
?yciaiey aoiinoa?u iueueth. Iniiaiua oaoiieiae/aneea i?ioeannu
yoeo i?iecaiaenoa – eciaeue/aiea e oeie/aneay ia?aaioea oeoo,
iieooaa?eeaoia e iieo/aaiuo i?iaeoeoia a iioieao ai?y/eo aacia
anaaaea nii?iaiaeaeaaony aua?inaie iuee e ae?oaeo a?aaeiuo aauanoa
a aoiinoa?o. E aoiinoa?iui caa?ycieoaeyi ioiinyony oaeaaiaei-
?iaeu – ianuuaiiua e iaianuuaiiua, aeeth/athuea io 11 aei 13 0aoi-
iia oaea?iaea.Iie iiaeaa?aathony ?acee/iui i?aa?auaieyi, ieenea-
ieth, iieeia?ecaoeee, acaeiiaeaenoaoy n ae?oaeie aoiinoa?iuie
caa?ycieoaeyie iinea aicaoaeaeaiey nieia/iie ?aaeeaoeeae. A ?a-
coeueoaoa yoeo ?aaeoeee ia?acothony ia?aeeniua niaaeeiaiey, nai-
aiaeiua ?aaeeeaeu, niaaeeiaiey oaeaaiaei?iaeia n ieneaeaie acioa e
na?u /anoi a aeaea ay?icieueiuo /anoeoe. I?e iaeioi?uo iiaiaeiuo
oneiaeyo iiaoo ia?aciauaaoueny iniai aieueoea neiieaiey a?aaeiuo
aaciia?aciuo e ay?icieueiuo i?eianae a i?ecaiiii neia aicaeooa.
Iau/ii yoi i?ienoiaeeo a oao neo/ayo, eiaaea a neia aicaeooa ia-
iin?aaenoaaiii iaae enoi/ieeaie aaciiueaaie yiennee nouanoaoao
eiaa?ney – ?aniieiaeaiey neiy aieaa oieiaeiiai aicaeooa iiae oai-
eui, /oi i?aiyonoaoao aicaeooiuo iann e caaea?aeeaaao ia?aiin
i?eianae aaa?o. A ?acoeueoaoa a?aaeiua aua?inu nin?aaeioa/eaatho-
ny iiae neiai eiaa?nee, niaea?aeaiea eo o caiee ?acei aic?anoa-
ao, /oi noaiiaeony iaeiie ec i?e/ei ia?aciaaiey ?aiaa iaeca-
inoiiai a i?e?iaea oioioeie/aneiai ooiaia.
_ 3Oioioeie/aneee ooiai (niia)
Oioioeie/aneee ooiai i?aaenoaaeyao niaie iiiaieiiiiiaioioth
nianue aacia e ay?icieueiuo /anoeoe ia?ae/iiai e aoi?e/iiai i?i-
enoiaeaeaiey. A ninoaa iniiaiuo eiiiiiaioia niiaa aoiaeyo icii,
ieneaeu acioa e na?u, iiiai/eneaiiua i?aaie/aneea niaaeeiaiey
ia?aeeniie i?e?iaeu, iacuaaaiua a niaieoiiinoe oioiieneaeaioa-
ie. Oioioeie/aneee niia aicieeaao a ?acoeueoaoa oioioeie/aneeo
?aaeoeee i?e ii?aaeaeaiiuo oneiaeyo: iaee/ee a aoiinoa?a auni-
eie eiioeaio?aoeee ieneaeia acioa, oaeaaiaei?iaeia e ae?oaeo caa-
?ycieoaeae, eioaineaiie nieia/iie ?aaeeaoeee e aacaao?ey eee
i/aiue neaaiai iaiaia aicaeooa a i?ecaiiii neia i?e iiuiie e a
oa/aiea ia iaiaa nooie iiauoaiiie eiaa?nee. Onoie/eaay aac-
aao?aiiay iiaiaea, iau/ii nii?iaiaeaeathuayny eiaa?neyie, iaiaoi-
aeeia aeey nicaeaiey aunieie eiioeaio?aoeee ?aaae?othueo aauanoa.
Oaeea oneiaey nicaeathony /aua a ethia-naioya?a e ?aaea ceiie.
I?e i?iaeieaeeoaeueiie yniie iiaiaea nieia/iay ?aaeeaoeey aucuaaao
?anuaieaiea iieaeoe aeeieneaea acioa n ia?aciaaieai ieneaea aci-
oa e aoiia?iiai eenei?iaea. Aoiia?iue eenei?iae n iieaeoey?iui
eenei?iaeii aeatho icii. Eacaeinue au, iineaaeiee, ieeneyy ieneae
acioa, aeieaeai niiaai?aa?auaoueny a iieaeoey?iue eenei?iae, a
ieneae acioa – a aeeieneae. Ii yoiai ia i?ienoiaeeo. Ieneae acioa
anooiaao a ?aaeoeee n ieaoeiaie auoeiiiuo aacia, eioi?ua i?e
yoii ?anuaieythony ii aeaieiie nayce e ia?acotho ineieee iieaeoe
e ecauoie iciia. A ?acoeueoaoa i?iaeieaeauaeny aeennioeeaoeee iiaua
iannu aeeieneaea acioa ?anuaiieythony e aeatho aeiiieieoaeueiua ei-
ee/anoaa iciia. Aicieeaao oeeeee/aneay ?aaeoeey, a eoiaa eioi-
?ie a aoiinoa?a iinoaiaiii iaeaieeaaaony icii. Yoio i?ioeann a
ii/iia a?aiy i?ae?auaaony. A naith i/a?aaeue icii anooiaao a ?a-
aeoeeth n ieaoeiaie. A aoiinoa?a eiioeaio?e?othony ?acee/iua ia-
?aeene, eioi?ua a noiia e ia?acotho oa?aeoa?iua aeey oioioeie-
/aneiai ooiaia ieneaeaiou. Iineaaeiea yaeythony enoi/ieeii oae
iacuaaaiuo naiaiaeiuo ?aaeeeaeia, ioee/athueony iniaie ?aaeoeeii-
iie niinaiinoueth. Oaeea niiae – ia?aaeeia yaeaiea iaae Eiiaeiiii,
Ia?eaeai, Ein-Aiaeaeaeanii, Iueth-Ei?eii e ae?oaeie ai?iaeaie Aa?iiu
e Aia?eee. Ii naiaio oeceieiae/aneiio aicaeaenoaeth ia i?aaieci
/aeiaaea iie e?aeia iianiu aeey aeuoaoaeueiie e e?iaaiiniie nen-
oaiu e /anoi auaatho i?e/eiie i?aaeaeaa?aiaiiie nia?oe ai?iaeneeo
aeeoaeae n ineaaeaiiui caei?iaueai.
_ 3I?iaeaia eiio?iee?iaaiey aua?ina a aoiinoa?o
_ 3caa?yciythueo aauanoa i?iiuoeaiiuie i?aaei?eyoeyie (IAeE)
I?ei?eoao a iaeanoe ?ac?aaioee i?aaeaeueii aeiionoeiuo
eiioeaio?aoeee a aicaeooa i?eiaaeeaaeeo 1NNN? 0. 1IAeE 0 – oaeea
eiioeaio-
?aoeee, eioi?ua ia /aeiaaea e aai iioiinoai i?yiiai eee ein-
aaiiiai aicaeaenoaey, ia oooaeoatho eo ?aaioiniiniaiinoe, naii-
/oanoaey, a oaeaea naieoa?ii-auoiauo oneiaee aeecie ethaeae.
Iaiauaiea anae eioi?iaoeee ii 1IAeE 0, iieo/aaiie anaie aaaeiinoaa-
ie, inouanoaeyaony a 1AAI 0- 1Aeaaiie Aaioece/aneie Iana?aaoi-
1?ee 0. *oiau ii ?acoeueoaoai iaaethaeaiee ii?aaeaeeoue cia/aiey aic-
aeooa, ecia?aiiua cia/aiey eiioeaio?aoeee n?aaieaatho n iaene-
iaeueiie ?aciaie i?aaeaeueii aeiionoeiie eiioeaio?aoeeae e ii?aaea-
eytho /enei neo/aaa, eiaaea auee i?aauoaiu 1IAeE 0, a oaeaea ai
neieueei ?ac iaeaieueoaa cia/aiea auei auoa 1IAeE 0. N?aaeiaa cia/a-
iea eiioeaio?aoeee ca ianyoe eee ca aiae n?aaieaaaony n 1IAeE
0aeee-
oaeueiiai aeaenoaey – n?aaeiaonoie/eaie 1IAeE. 0Ninoiyiea caa?ycia-
iea aicaeooa ianeieueeeie aauanoaaie, iaaethaeaaiua a aoiinoa?a
ai?iaea, ioeaieaaaony n iiiiuueth eiiieaeniiai iieacaoaey – 1ei-
1aeaena caa?yciaiey aoiinoa?u (ECA). 0Aeey yoiai ii?ie?iaaiiua ia
niioaaonoaothuaa cia/aiey 1IAeE 0e n?aaeiea eiioeaio?aoeee ?acee/iuo
aauanoa n iiiiuueth ianeiaeiuo ?an/aoia i?eaiaeyo e aaee/eia
eiioeaio?aoeee na?ienoiai aiaeae?eaea, a caoai noiie?otho. Iaene-
iaeueiua ?aciaua eiioeaio?aoeee iniiaiuo caa?yciythueo aauanoa
auee iaeaieueoeie a 1Ii?eeuenea (ieneeu acioa e na?u), O?oica
1(iueue), Iinea (oaa?iue aac). 0Noaiaiue caa?yciaiey aicaeooa in-
iiaiuie caa?yciythueie aauanoaaie iaoiaeeony a i?yiie caaene-
iinoe io i?iiuoeaiiiai ?acaeoey ai?iaea. Iaeaieueoea iaeneiaeue-
iua eiioeaio?aoeee oa?aeoa?iu aeey ai?iaeia n /eneaiiinoueth iana-
eaiey 1aieaa 500 oun. aeeoaeae. 0Caa?yciaiea aicaeooa niaoeeoe/an-
eeie aauanoaaie caaeneo io aeaea i?iiuoeaiiinoe, ?acaeoie a
ai?iaea. Anee a e?oiiii ai?iaea ?aciauaiu i?aaei?eyoey ianeieue-
eeo io?aneae i?iiuoeaiiinoe, oi nicaeaaony i/aiue aunieee o?i-
aaiue caa?yciaiey aicaeooa, iaeiaei i?iaeaia nieaeaiey aua?inia
iiiaeo niaoeeoe/aneeo aauanoa aei neo ii? inoaaony ia?aoaiiie.
_ 23. Oeie/aneia caa?yciaiea i?e?iaeiuo aiae.
Anyeee aiaeiai eee aiaeiue enoi/iee naycai n ie?oaeathuae aai
aiaoiae n?aaeie. Ia iaai ieacuaatho aeeyiea oneiaey oi?ie?iaa-
iey iiaa?oiinoiiai eee iiaecaiiiai aiaeiiai noiea, ?aciiia?ac-
iua i?e?iaeiua yaeaiey, eiaeono?ey, i?iiuoeaiiia e eiiioiaeueiia
no?ieoaeuenoai, o?ainii?o, oicyenoaaiiay e auoiaay aeayoaeue-
iinoue /aeiaaea. Iineaaenoaeai yoeo aeeyiee yaeyaony i?eaiana-
iea a aiaeioth n?aaeo iiauo, ianaienoaaiiuo ae aauanoa – 1caa?yc-
1ieoaeae 0, oooaeoathueo ea/anoai aiaeu. Caa?yciaiey, iinooiathuea a
aiaeioth n?aaeo, eeanneoeoee?otho ii ?aciiio, a caaeneiinoe io
iiaeoiaeia, e?eoa?eaa e caaea/. Oae, iau/ii auaeaeytho oeie/aneia,
oece/aneia e aeieiae/aneea caa?yciaiey. Oeie/aneia caa?ycia-
iea i?aaenoaaeyao niaie eciaiaiea anoanoaaiiuo oeie/aneeo
naienoa aiaea ca n/ao oaaee/aiey niaea?aeaiey a iae a?aaeiuo i?e-
ianae eae iai?aaie/aneie (ieia?aeueiua niee, eeneiou, uaei/e,
aeeienoua /anoeoeu), oae e i?aaie/aneie i?e?iaeu (iaooue e iao-
oai?iaeoeou, i?aaie/aneea inoaoee, iiaa?oiinoiiaeoeaiua aa-
uanoaa, ianoeoeeaeu).
_ 3Iai?aaie/aneia caa?yciaiea
Iniiaiuie iai?aaie/aneeie (ieia?aeueiuie) caa?ycieoaeyie
i?aniuo e ii?neeo aiae yaeythony ?aciiia?aciua oeie/aneea nia-
aeeiaiey, oiene/iua aeey iaeoaoaeae aiaeiie n?aaeu. Yoi niaaeeia-
iey iuoueyea, naeioea, eaaeiey, ?oooe, o?iia, iaaee, ooi?a. Aieue-
oeinoai ec ieo iiiaaeaao a aiaeo a ?acoeueoaoa /aeiaa/aneie aeay-
oaeueiinoe. Oyaeaeua iaoaeeu iiaeiuathony 1oeoiieaieoiiii 0, a ca-
oai ia?aaeathony ii ieuaaie oeaie aieaa aunieii?aaieciaaiiui i?-
aaieciai. Oiene/aneee yooaeo iaeioi?uo iaeaieaa ?ani?ino?a-
iaiiuo caa?ycieoaeae aeae?inoa?u i?aaenoaaeai a oaaeeoea:
E?iia ia?a/eneaiiuo a oaaeeoea aauanoa, e iianiui ca?aceoa-
eyi aiaeiie n?aaeu iiaeii ioianoe iai?aaie/aneea eeneiou e inii-
aaiey, iaoneaaeeaathuea oe?ieee aeeaiicii 1?I 0i?iiuoeaiiuo noi-
eia ( 11,0 – 11,0) 0e niiniaiuo eciaiyoue 1?I 0aiaeiie n?aaeu aei
cia-
/aiee 15,0 0eee auoa 18,0 0, oiaaea eae ?uaa a i?aniie e ii?neie
aiaea iiaeao nouanoaiaaoue oieueei a eioa?aaea 1?I 5,0 – 8,5 0. N?a-
aee iniiaiuo enoi/ieeia caa?yciaiey aeae?inoa?u ieia?aeueiuie
aauanoaaie e aeiaaiiuie yeaiaioaie neaaeoao oiiiyiooue i?aaei?e-
yoey ieuaaie i?iiuoeaiiinoe e naeueneia oicyenoai. N i?ioaaiuo
caiaeue aaeaaiaeii auiuaaaony ieiei 16 iei.o. 0nieae. E 12000
0aiaeo
aiciiaeii oaaee/aiea eo iannu aei 112 iei.o./aiae. 0Iooiaeu, niaea?-
aeauea ?oooue, naeiaoe, iaaeue eieaeeciaaiu a ioaeaeueiuo ?aeiiao o
aa?aaia, iaeiaei iaeioi?ay eo /anoue auiineony aeaeaei ca i?aaea-
eu oa??eoi?eaeueiuo aiae. Caa?yciaiea ?oooueth cia/eoaeueii nieaea-
ao ia?ae/ioth i?iaeoeoeeth ii?neeo yeinenoai, iiaeaaeyy ?acaeoea
oeoiieaieoiia. Iooiaeu, niaea?aeauea ?oooue, iau/ii neaieeaathony
a aeiiiuo ioeiaeaieyo caeeaia eee ynooa?eyo ?ae. Aeaeueiaeoay aa
iea?aoeey nii?iaiaeaeaaony iaeiieaieai iaoeeiaie ?oooe e aa
aeeth/aieai a o?ioe/aneea oeaie aiaeiuo i?aaieciia. Oae, ia/aeue-
ioth ecaanoiinoue i?eia?aea aieaciue Ieiaiaoa, aia?aua iaia?o-
aeaiioth yiiineeie o/aiuie o ethaeae, oiio?aaeyaoeo a ieuo ?uao,
aueiaeaiioth a caeeaa Ieiaiaoa, a eioi?ue aaneiio?ieueii na?a-
nuaaee i?iiuoeaiiua noiee n oaoiiaaiiie ?oooueth.
_ 3I?aaie/aneia caa?yciaiea.
N?aaee aiineiuo a ieaai n nooe ?anoai?eiuo aauanoa, aieueoia
cia/aiea aeey iaeoaoaeae aiaeiie n?aaeu eiatho ia oieueei ieia-
?aeueiua, aeiaaiiua yeaiiou, ii e 1i?aaie/aneea inoaoee. 0Auiin
a ieaai i?aaie/aneiai aauanoaa ioeaieaaaony a 1300 – 380
1iei.o./aiae. 0Noi/iua aiaeu, niaea?aeauea noniaicee i?aaie/aneiai
i?ienoiaeaeaiey eee ?anoai?aiiia i?aaie/aneia aauanoai, iaaoa-
iiaeeythoia ninoiyiea aiaeiaiia. Inaaeaeaynue, noniaicee caeeaatho
aeii e caaea?aeeaatho ?acaeoea eee iieiinoueth i?ae?auatho aeeciaaeay-
oaeueiinoue aeaiiuo iee?ii?aaieciia, o/anoaothueo a i?ioeannanaii-
i/euaiey aiae. I?e aieaiee aeaiiuo inaaeeia iiaoo ia?aciauaaoueny
a?aaeiua niaaeeiaiey e io?aaeythuea aauanoaa, oaeea eae na?iai-
aei?iae, eioi?ua i?eaiaaeyo e caa?yciaieth anae aiaeu a ?aea. Ia-
ee/ea noniaicee cao?oaeiytho oaeaea i?iieeiiaaiea naaoa a aeoaue
aiaeu e caiaaeeyao i?ioeannu oioineioaca. Iaeiei ec iniiaiuo na-
ieoa?iuo o?aaiaaiee, i?aaeuyaeyaiuo e ea/anoao aiaeu, yaeyaony
niaea?aeaiea a iae iaiaoiaeeiiai eiee/anoaa eenei?iaea. A?aaeiia
aeaenoaea ieacuaatho ana caa?yciaiey, eioi?ua oae eee eia/a ni-
aeaenoaotho nieaeaieth niaea?aeaiey eenei?iaea a aiaea. Iiaa?oiinoii-
aeoeaiua aauanoaa – 1aee?u 0, 1ianea, niaci/iua iaoa?eaeu 0- ia?a-
cotho ia iiaa?oiinoe aiaeu ieaieo, eioi?ay i?aiyonoaoao aaciia-
iaio iaaeaeo aiaeie e aoiinoa?ie, /oi nieaeaao noaiaiue ianuuai-
iinoe aiaeu eenei?iaeii. Cia/eoaeueiue iauai i?aaie/aneeo aa-
uanoa, aieueoeinoai ec eioi?uo ia naienoaaiii i?e?iaeiui aiaeai,
na?anuaaaony a ?aee aianoa n i?iiuoeaiiuie e auoiauie noiea-
ie. Ia?anoathuaa caa?yciaiea aiaeiaiia e aiaeinoieia iaaethaeaaony
ai anao i?iiuoeaiiuo no?aiao. Eioi?iaoeey i niaea?aeaiee iaeioi-
?uo i?aaie/aneeo aauanoa a i?iiuoeaiiuo noi/iuo aiaeao i?aaein-
oaaeaia ieaea:
_CAA?ssCIssTHUEA AAUANOAA EIEE*ANOAI A IE?IAII NOIEA
_IEI.O./AIAe
11. Iaooai?iaeoeou 26,563
12. Oaiieu 0,460
13. Iooiaeu i?iecaiaenoa
1neioaoe/aneeo aieieii 5,500
14. ?anoeoaeueiua i?aaie/aneea inoaoee 0,170
15. Anaai 33,273
A nayce n auno?uie oaiiaie o?aaiecaoeee e ianeieueei caiaae-
eaiiui no?ieoaeuenoaii i/enoiuo nii?oaeaiee eee eo iaoaeiaeaoai-
?eoaeueiie yenieoaoaoeeae aiaeiua aannaeiu e ii/aa caa?yciythony
auoiauie iooiaeaie. Iniaaiii iuooeii caa?yciaiea a aiaeiaiao n
caiaaeeaiiui oa/aieai eee iai?ioi/iuo (aiaeio?aieeeua, ica?a).
?aceaaaynue a aiaeiie n?aaea, i?aaie/aneea iooiaeu iiaoo noaoue
n?aaeie aeey iaoiaaiiuo i?aaieciia. Aiaea, caa?yciaiiay i?aaie-
/aneeie iooiaeaie, noaiiaeony i?aeoe/anee iai?eaiaeiie aeey
ieouey e ae?oaeo iaaeiaiinoae. Auoiaua iooiaeu iianiu ia oieueei
oai, /oi yaeythony enoi/ieeii iaeioi?uo aieaciae /aeiaaea
(a?thoiie oeo, aeecaioa?ey, oiea?a), ii e oai, /oi o?aaotho aeey
naiaai ?aceiaeaiey iiiai eenei?iaea. Anee auoiaua noi/iua aiaeu
iinooiatho a aiaeiai a i/aiue aieueoeo eiee/anoaao, oi niaea?aeaiea
?anoai?eiiai eenei?iaea iiaeao iiieceony ieaea o?iaiy, iaiaoiaee-
iiai aeey aeecie ii?neeo e i?aniiaiaeiuo i?aaieciia.
_ 24. I?iaeaia caa?yciaiey Ie?iaiai ieaaia
_ 2(ia i?eia?a ?yaea i?aaie/aneeo niaaeeiaiee)
_ 3Iaooue e iaooai?iaeoeou
Iaooue i?aaenoaaeyao niaie ayceoth ianeyienooth aeeaeeinoue,
eiathuoth oaiii-ei?e/iaaue oeaao e iaeaaeathuoth neaaie oeoi?en-
oeaioeeae. Iaooue ninoieo i?aeiouanoaaiii ec ianuuaiiuo aeeoa-
oe/aneeo e aeae?ia?iiaoe/aneeo oaeaaiaei?iaeia. Iniiaiua eiiii-
iaiou iaooe – oaeaaiaei?iaeu 1(aei 98%) – 0iiae?acaeaeythony ia
4
eeanna:
_ 3a) Ia?aoeiu (aeeaiu). . 0- 1(aei 90% io iauaai ninoaaa) –
0onoie-
/eaua aauanoaa, iieaeoeu eioi?uo au?aaeaiu i?yiie e ?acaaoa-
eaiiie oeaiueth aoiiia oaea?iaea. Eaaeea ia?aoeiu iaeaaeatho iaene-
iaeueiie eaoo/anoueth e ?anoai?eiinoueth a aiaea.
_ 3a) Oeeeeiia?aoeiu. . 1- ( 30 – 60% io iauaai ninoaaa)
0ianuuai-
iua oeeeee/aneea niaaeeiaiey n 5-6 aoiiaie oaea?iaea a eieueoea.
E?iia oeeeeiiaioaia e oeeeeiaaenaia a iaooe ano?a/athony aeoeee-
ee/aneea e iieeoeeeee/aneea niaaeeiaiey yoie a?oiiu. Yoe niaaee-
iaiey i/aiue onoie/eau e ieioi iiaeaeathony aei?aceiaeaieth.
_ 3a) A?iiaoe/aneea oaeaaiaei?iaeu. . 1- (20 – 40% io iauaai
nin-
1oaaa) 0- iaianuuaiiua oeeeee/aneea niaaeeiaiey ?yaea aaiciea, ni-
aea?aeauea a eieueoea ia 6 aoiiia oaea?iaea iaiueoa, /ai oeeeeiia?a-
oeiu. A iaooe i?enoonoaotho eaoo/ea niaaeeiaiey n iieaeoeie a
aeaea iaeeia?iiai eieueoea ( 1aaicie, oieoie, eneeie) 0, caoai aeoeee-
ee/aneea ( 1iaooaeei) 0, iieooeeeee/aneea ( 1ie?ai).
_ 3a) Ieaoeiu (aeeaiu). . 1- (aei 10% io iauaai ninoaaa) 0-
iaia-
nuuaiiua iaoeeeee/aneea niaaeeiaiey n iaeiei eee aeaoiy aoiiaie
aiaei?iaea o eaaeaeiai aoiia oaea?iaea a iieaeoea, eiathuae i?yioth
eee ?acaaoaeaiioth oeaiue.
Iaooue e iaooai?iaeoeou yaeythony iaeaieaa ?ani?ino?aiaiiuie
caa?yciythueie aauanoaaie a Ie?iaii ieaaia. E ia/aeo 180-uo 0ai-
aeia a ieaai aaeaaiaeii iinooiaei ieiei 16 iei.o. 0iaooe, /oi nin-
oaaeyei 10,23% 0ie?iaie aeiau/e. Iaeaieueoea iioa?e iaooe naycaiu
n aa o?ainii?oe?iaeie ec ?aeiiia aeiau/e. Aaa?eeiua neooaoeee,
neea ca ai?o oaiea?aie i?iiuai/iuo e aaeeanoiuo aiae, – ana
yoi iaoneaaeeaaao i?enoonoaea iinoiyiiuo iieae caa?yciaiey ia
o?annao ii?neeo iooae. A ia?eiae ca 11962-79 aiaeu 0a ?acoeueoaoa
aaa?ee a ii?neoth n?aaeo iinooieei ieiei 12 iei. o. 0iaooe. Ca
iineaaeiea 130 0eao, ia/eiay n 11964 0aiaea, i?iao?aii ieiei
12000
neaaaeei a Ie?iaii ieaaia, ec ieo oieueei a Naaa?iii ii?a 11000
e 1350 0i?iiuoeaiiuo neaaaeei iai?oaeiaaii. Ec-ca iacia/eoaeueiuo
ooa/ae aaeaaiaeii oa?yaony 10,1 iei.o. 0iaooe. Aieueoea iannu iao-
oe iinooiatho a ii?y ii ?aeai, n auoiauie e eeaiaauie noieaie.
Iauai caa?yciaiee ec yoiai enoi/ieea ninoaaeyao 12,0
1iei.o./aiae 0. Ni noieaie i?iiuoeaiiinoe aaeaaiaeii iiiaaeaao
10,5
1iei.o. 0iaooe. Iiiaaeay a ii?neoth n?aaeo, iaooue nia/aea ?anoaea-
aony a aeaea ieaiee, ia?acoy neie ?acee/iie iiuiinoe. Ii oeaaoo
ieaiee iiaeii ii?aaeaeeoue aa oieueio:
_AIAOIEE AEAe 1 0OIEUEIA,IEI 1 0EIEE*ANOAI
IAOOE 1,
_E./EA.EI.
11. Aaeaa caiaoia 0,038 44
12. Na?aa?enoue ioaeane 0,076 88
13. Neaaeu ie?anee 0,152 176
14. ss?ei ie?aoaiiua ?acaiaeu 0,305 352
15. Ooneei ie?aoaiiua 1,016 1170
16. Oaiii ie?aoaiiua 2,032 2310
Iaooyiay ieaiea eciaiyao ninoaa niaeo?a e eioaineaiinoue
i?iieeiiaaiey a aiaeo naaoa. I?iioneaiea naaoa oiieeie ieaiea-
ie nu?ie iaooe ninoaaeyao 11-10% (280 ii), 60-70% (400ii).
Ieaiea oieueiie 130-40 iei 0iieiinoueth iieiinoueth iiaeiuaao eio-
?ae?aniia eceo/aiea. Niaoeaaynue n aiaeie, iaooue ia?acoao
yioeueneth aeaoo oeiia: i?yioth 1″iaooue a aiaea” 0e ia?aoioth
1″aiaea a
1iaooe” 0. I?yiua yioeuenee, ninoaaeaiiua eaiaeueeaie iaooe aeea-
iao?ii aei 10,5 iei, 0iaiaa onoie/eau e oa?aeoa?iu aeey iaooae,
niaea?aeaueo iiaa?oiinoii-aeoeaiua aauanoaa. I?e oaeaeaiee eaoo-
/eo o?aeoeee, iaooue ia?acoao ayceea ia?aoiua yioeuenee, eioi?ua
iiaoo nio?aiyoueny ia iiaa?oiinoe, ia?aiineoueny oa/aieai, aua-
?anuaaoueny ia aa?aa e inaaeaoue ia aeii.
_ 3Ianoeoeeaeu
Ianoeoeeaeu ninoaaeytho a?oiio eneonnoaaiii nicaeaiiuo aa-
uanoa, eniieuecoaiuo aeey ai?ueau n a?aaeeoaeyie e aieaciyie ?an-
oaiee. Ianoeoeeaeu aeaeyony ia neaaeothuea a?oiiu: 1einaeoeoeeaeu –
aeey ai?ueau n a?aaeiuie ianaeiiuie, 1ooiaeoeeaeu e aaeoa?eoeeaeu –
aeey ai?ueau n aaeoa?eaeueiuie aieaciyie ?anoaiee, 1aa?aeoeeaeu –
i?ioea ni?iuo ?anoaiee. Onoaiiaeaii, /oi ianoeoeeaeu oie/oiaeay
a?aaeeoaeae, iaiinyo a?aae iiiaei iieaciui i?aaieciai e iiae?u-
aatho caei?iauea aeioeaiicia. A naeueneii oicyenoaa aeaaii oaea noi-
eo i?iaeaia ia?aoiaea io oeie/aneeo (caa?yciythueo n?aaeo) e ae-
ieiae/aneei (yeieiae/anee /enoui) iaoiaeai ai?ueau n a?aaeeoaey-
ie. A ianoiyuaa a?aiy aieaa 15 iei.o. 0ianoeoeeaeia iinooiaao ia
ie?iaie ?uiie. Ieiei 11,5 iei.o. 0yoeo aauanoa oaea aioei a nin-
oaa iacaiiuo e ii?neeo yeinenoai cieiaui e aiaeiui iooai. I?i-
iuoeaiiia i?iecaiaenoai ianoeoeeaeia nii?iaiaeaeaaony iiyaeaieai
aieueoiai eiee/anoaa iiai/iuo i?iaeoeoia, caa?yciythueo noi/iua
aiaeu. A aiaeiie n?aaea /aua ae?oaeo ano?a/athony i?aaenoaaeoaee
einaeoeoeeaeia, ooiaaoeeaeia e aa?aeoeeaeia. Neioace?iaaiiua einae-
oeoeeaeu aeaeyony ia o?e iniiaiuo a?oiiu: 1oei?ii?aaie/aneea,
1oinoi?ii?aaie/aneea e ea?aiiaou. 0Oei?ii?aaie/aneea einaeoeoee-
aeu iieo/atho iooai oei?ie?iaaiey a?iiaoe/aneeo e aaoa?ioeeeee-
/aneeo aeeaeeeo oaeaaiaei?iaeia. E iei ioiinyony 1AeAeO 0e aai
i?iec-
aiaeiua, a iieaeoeao eioi?uo onoie/eainoue aeeoaoe/aneeo e a?i-
iaoe/aneeo a?oii a niaianoiii i?enoonoaee aic?anoaao, anaaic-
iiaeiua oei?e?iaaiiua i?iecaiaeiua oei?iaeeaia 1(yeae?ei). 0Yoe aa-
uanoaa eiatho ia?eiae iieo?aniaaea aei ianeieueeeo aeanyoeia eao e
i/aiue onoie/eau e aeiaeaa?aaeaoeee. A aiaeiie n?aaea /anoi ano?a-
/athony 1iieeoei?aeoaieeu – 0i?iecaiaeiua 1AeAeO 0aac
aeeoaoe/aneie
/anoe, ian/eouaathuea 1210 0aiiieiaia e eciia?ia 1. 0Ca
iineaaeiea
140 0eao eniieueciaaii aieaa 11,2 iei.o. 0iieeoei?aeoaieeia a i?i-
ecaiaenoaa ieanoiann, e?aneoaeae, o?ainoi?iaoi?ia, eiiaeainaoi-
?ia. Iieeoei?aeoaieeu ( 1IOA) 0iiiaaeatho a ie?oaeathuoth n?aaeo a
?a-
coeueoaoa na?inia i?iiuoeaiiuo noi/iuo aiae e naeeaaiey oaa?aeuo
iooiaeao ia naaeeao. Iineaaeiee enoi/iee iinoaaeyao IAO a ao-
iinoa?o, ioeoaea iie n aoiinoa?iuie inaaeeaie auiaaeatho ai ana
?aeiiao Caiiaai oa?a. Oae a i?iaao niaaa, acyouo a Aioa?eoe-
aea, niaea?aeaiea IAO ninoaaeei 1 0,03 – 1,2 ea./e.
_ 3Neioaoe/aneea iiaa?oiinoii-aeoeaiua aauanoaa.
1Aeaoa?aaiou (NIAA) 0ioiinyony e iaoe?iie a?oiia aauanoa, ii-
ieaeathueo iiaa?oiinoiia iaoyaeaiea aiaeu. Iie aoiaeyo a ninoaa
neioaoe/aneeo iithueo n?aaenoa ( 1NIN) 0, oe?iei i?eiaiyaiuo a auoo
e i?iiuoeaiiinoe. Aianoa ni noi/iuie aiaeaie NIAA iiiaaeatho a
iaoa?eeiaua aiaeu e ii?neoth n?aaeo. NIN niaea?aeao 1iieeoinoaou
1iao?ey 0, a eioi?uo ?anoai?eiu aeaoa?aaiou, a oaeaea ?yae aeiaaai/-
iuo eia?aaeeaioia, oiene/iuo aeey aiaeiuo i?aaieciia: 1a?iiaoece-
1?othuea aauanoaa, ioaaeeaathuea ?aaaaiou (ia?noeueoaou, ia?ai?a-
1ou), eaeueoeeie?iaaiiay niaea, ea?aieneiaoeeoeaeetheica, neeeeaou
1iao?ey. 0A caaeneiinoe io i?e?iaeu e no?oeoo?u aeae?ioeeueiie
/anoe iieaeoeu NIAA aeaeyony ia 1aieiiiaeoeaiua, eaoeiiiaeoea-
1iua, aioioa?iua e iaeiiiaaiiua. 0Iineaaeiea ia ia?acotho eiiia a
aiaea. Iaeaieaa ?ani?ino?aiaiiuie n?aaee NIAA yaeythony aieiii-
aeoeaiua aauanoaa. Ia eo aeieth i?eoiaeeony aieaa 150% 0anao i?i-
ecaiaeeiuo a ie?a NIAA. I?enoonoaea NIAA a noi/iuo aiaeao i?i-
iuoeaii?noe naycaii n eniieueciaaieai eo a oaeeo i?ioeannao,
eae oeioaoeeiiiia iaiaauaiea ?oae, ?acaeaeaiea i?iaeoeoiaoeie/an-
eeo oaoiieiaee, iieo/aiea iieeia?ia, oeo/oaiea oneiaee ao?a-
iey iaooyiuo e aaciauo neaaaeei, ai?ueaa n ei??iceae iai?oaeiaa-
iey. A naeueneii oicyenoaa NIAA i?eiaiyaony a ninoaaa ianoeoee-
aeia.
_ 3Niaaeeiaiey n eaioea?iaaiiuie naienoaaie.
Eaioea?iaaiiua aauanoaa – yoi oeie/anee iaeii?iaeiua niaaeeia-
iey, i?iyaeythuea o?ainoi?ie?othuoth aeoeaiinoue e niiniaiinoue
aucuaaoue 1eaioea?iaaiiua, oa?aoiaaiiua (ia?ooaiea i?ioeannia
1yia?eiiaeueiiai ?acaeoey) eee iooaaaiiua 0eciaiaiey a i?aaiec-
iao. A caaeneiinoe io oneiaee aicaeaenoaey iie iiaoo i?eaiaeeoue
e eiaeae?iaaieth ?inoa, onei?aieth noa?aiey, ia?ooaieth eiaeeae-
aeoaeueiiai ?acaeoey e eciaiaieth aaiioiiaea i?aaieciia. E aa-
uanoaai, iaeaaeathuei eaioea?iaaiiuie naienoaaie, ioiinyony 1oei-
1?e?iaaiiua aeeoaoe/aneea oaeaaiaei?iaeu, aeieeoei?eae, 0e iniaai-
ii, _ 1iieeoeeeee/aneea a?iiaoe/aneea oaeaaiaei?iaeu (IAO).
. 0Iaene-
iaeueiia eiee/anoai IAO a nia?aiaiiuo aeaiiuo inaaeeao Ie?iaiai
ieaaia 1(aieaa 100 iea/ei iannu nooiai aauanoaa) 0iaia?oaeaii a
oaioiie/anee aeoeaiuo ciiao, iiaeaa?aeaiiui aeoaeiiiio oa?ie-
/aneiio aicaeaenoaeth. Iniiaiua aio?iiiaaiiua enoi/ieee IAO a
ie?oaeathuae n?aaea – yoi ie?ieec i?aaie/aneeo aauanoa i?e naee-
aaiee ?acee/iuo iaoa?eaeia, ae?aaaneiu e oiieeaa.
_ 3Oyaeaeua iaoaeeu.
Oyaeaeua iaoaeeu (?oooue, naeiaoe, eaaeiee,oeeie, iaaeue, iuoue-
ye,) ioiinyony e /eneo ?ani?ino?aiaiiuo e aanueia oiene/iuo
caa?yciythueo aauanoa. Iie oe?iei i?eiaiythony a ?acee/iuo i?i-
iuoeaiiuo i?iecaiaenoaao, iiyoiio,ianiio?y ia i/enoiua ia?ii-
?eyoey, niaea?aeaiea niaaeeiaiey oyaeaeuo iaoaeeia a i?iiuoeaiiuo
noi/iuo aiaeao aeiaieueii aunieia. Aieueoea iannu yoeo niaaeeiaiee
iinooiatho a ieaai /a?ac aoiinoa?o. Aeey ii?neeo aeioeaiicia ia-
eaieaa iianiu ?oooue, naeiaoe e eaaeiee. ?oooue ia?aiineony a
ieaai n iaoa?eeiaui noieii e /a?ac aoiinoa?o. I?e auaao?eaa-
iee inaaei/iuo e ecaa?aeaiiuo ii?iae aaeaaiaeii auaeaeyaony 13,5
1oun.o. 0?oooe. A ninoaaa aoiinoa?iie iuee niaea?aeeony ieiei 112
1oun.o. 0?oooe, i?e/ai cia/eoaeueiay /anoue – aio?iiiaaiiiai i?i-
eoiaeaeaiey. Ieiei iieiaeiu aiaeiaiai i?iiuoeaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa
yoiai iaoaeea ( 1910 oun.o./aiae) 0?acee/iuie iooyie iiiaaeaao a
ieaai. A ?aeiiao, caa?yciyaiuo i?iiuoeaiiuie aiaeaie, eiioeaio-
?aoeey ?oooe a ?anoai?a e acaanyo neeueii iiauoaaony. I?e yoii
iaeioi?ua aaeoa?ee ia?aaiaeyo oei?eaeu a aunieioiene/ioth 1ia-
1oee?oooue 0. Ca?aaeaiea ii?ai?iaeoeoia iaiaeiie?aoii i?eaiaeeei e
?oooiiio io?aaeaieth i?ea?aaeiiai ianaeaiey. E 11977 aiaeo 0ian/e-
ouaaeinue 12800 0aea?oa aieacie Ieiiiaoa, i?e/eiie eioi?ie iineo-
aeeee iooiaeu i?aaei?eyoee ii i?iecaiaenoao oei?aeieea e aoeaoaeue-
aeaaeaea, ia eioi?uo a ea/anoaa 1eaoaeecaoi?a 0 eniieueciaaeanue
1oei?enoay ?oooue. 0Iaaeinoaoi/ii i/euaiiua noi/iua aiaeu i?aae?ey-
oee iinooiaee a caeea Ieiaiaoa. Naeiae – oeie/iue ?annayiiue
yeaiaio, niaea?aeaueeny ai anao eiiiiiaioao ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu: a
ai?iuo ii?iaeao,ii/aao, i?e?iaeiuo aiaeao, aoiinoa?a, aeeauo i?-
aaieciao. Iaeiiaoe, naeiae aeoeaii ?annaeaaaony a ie?oaeathuoth
n?aaeo a i?ioeanna oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe /aeiaaea. Yoi
aua?inu n i?iiuoeaiiuie e auoiauie noieaie, n aeuiii e iueueth
i?iiuoeaiiuo i?aaei?eyoee, n auoeiiiuie aacaie aeaeaaoaeae
aioo?aiiaai nai?aiey. Iea?aoeeiiiue iioie naeioea n eiioeiaioa
a ieaai eaeao ia oieueei n ?a/iuie noieaie, ii e /a?ac aoiinoa-
?o. N eiioeiaioaeueiie iueueth ieaai iieo/aao ( 120-30)*10^3 o.
naeioea a aiae.
_ 3Na?in iooiaeia a ii?a n oeaeth caoi?iiaiey
_ 3(aeaiieia).
Iiiaea no?aiu, eiathuea auoiae e ii?th, i?iecaiaeyo ii?neia
caoi?iiaiea ?acee/iuo iaoa?eaeia e aauanoa, a /anoiinoe a?oi-
oa, auiooiai i?e aeiioaeoaeoaeueiuo ?aaioao, ao?iaiai oeaea,
iooiaeia i?iiuoeaiiinoe, no?ieoaeueiiai ioni?a, oaa?aeuo iooi-
aeia, ac?ua/aouo e oeie/aneeo aauanoa, ?aaeeiaeoeaiuo iooiaeia.
Iauai caoi?iiaiee ninoaaee ieiei 110% 0io anae iannu caa?yciyth-
ueo aauanoa, iinooiathueo a Ie?iaie ieaai. Iniiaaieai aeey aeai-
ieiaa a ii?a neoaeeo aiciiaeiinoue ii?neie n?aaeu e ia?a?aaioea
aieueoiai eiee/anoaa i?aaie/aneeo e iai?aaie/aneeo aauanoa aac
iniaiai oua?aa aiaeu. Iaeiaei yoa niiniaiinoue ia aani?aaeaeueia.
Iiyoiio aeaiieia ?anniao?eaaaony eae auioaeaeaiiay ia?a, a?aiai-
iay aeaiue iauanoaa ianiaa?oainoao oaoiieiaee. A oeaeao i?iiuo-
eaiiuo i?iecaiaenoa i?enoonoaotho ?aciiia?aciua i?aaie/aneea
aauanoaa e niaaeeiaiey oyaeaeuo iaoaeeia. Auoiaie ioni? a n?aae-
iai niaea?aeeo ( 1ia ianno nooiai aauanoaa) 32-40% 0i?aaie/aneeo
aauanoa; 10,56% 0acioa; 10,44% 0oinoi?a; 10,155% 0oeeiea;
10,085%
naeioea; 10 0, 1001% 0?oooe; 10,001% 0eaaeiey. Ai a?aiy na?ina
i?ioiae-
aeaiee iaoa?eaea neaicue noiea aiaeu, /anoue caa?yciythueo aauanoa
ia?aoiaeeo a ?anoai?, eciaiyy ea/anoai aiaeu, ae?oaay ni?ae?oao-
ny /anoeoeaie acaane e ia?aoiaeeo a aeiiiua ioeiaeaiey. Iaeiia?a-
iaiii iiauoaany iooiinoue aiaeu. Iaee/ea i?aaie/aneeo aauanoa
/inoi i?eaiaeeo e auno?iio ?anoiaeiaaieth eenei?iaea a aiaea e ia
aaeei e aai iieiiio en/aciiaaieth, ?anoai?aieth acaanae, iaeii-
eaieth iaoaeeia a ?anoai?aiiie oi?ia, iiyaeaieth na?iaiaei?iaea.
I?enoonoaea aeueoiai eiee/anoaa i?aaie/aneeo aauanoa nicaeaao a
a?oioao onoie/eaoth ainnoaiiaeoaeueioth n?aaeo, a eioi?ie aicie-
eaao iniaue oei eeiauo aiae, niaea?aeaueo na?iaiaei?iae, aiieae,
eiiu iaoaeeia. Aicaeaenoaeth na?anuaaaiuo iaoa?eaeia a ?aciie
noaiaie iiaeaa?aathony i?aaieciu aaioina e ae?. A neo/aa ia?aci-
aaiey iiaa?oiinoiuo ieaiie, niaea?aeaueo iaooyiua oaeaaiaei?iaeu
e NIAA, ia?ooaaony aaciiaiai iaa?aieoea aicaeoo – aiaea. Caa?yc-
iythuea aauanoaa, iinooiathuea a ?anoai?, iiaoo aeeoioee?iaaoue-
ny a oeaiyo e i?aaiao aeae?iaeaioia e ieacuaaoue oiene/aneia
aicaeaenoaea ia ieo. Na?in iaoa?eaeia aeaiieiaa ia aeii e aeee-
oaeueiay iiauoaiiay iooiinoue i?eaeaiiie aiaeu i?eaiaeeo e aeaaee
io oaeoouey iaeiiiaeaeaeiua oi?iu aaioina. O auaeeaoeo ?ua, iie-
ethneia e ?aeiia?aciuo nie?auaaony nei?inoue ?inoa ca n/ao
oooaeoaiey oneiaee ieoaiey e aeuoaiey. Ia?aaeei eciaiyaony aeaei-
aie ninoaa aeaiiiai niiauanoaa. I?i i?aaiecaoeee nenoaiu eiio-
?iey ca na?inaie iooiaeia a ii?a ?aoathuaa cia/aiea eiaao ii?a-
aeaeaiea ?aeiiia aeaiieiaa, ii?aaeaeaiea aeeiaieee caa?yciaiey
ii?neie aiaeu e aeiiiuo ioeiaeaiee. Aeey auyaeaiey aiciiaeiuo iau-
aiia na?ina a ii?a iaiaoiaeeii i?iaiaeeoue ?an/aou anao caa?yc-
iythueo aauanoa a ninoaaa iaoa?eaeueiiai na?ina.
_ 3Oaieiaia caa?yciaiea.
Oaieiaia caa?yciaiea iiaa?oiinoe aiaeiai?a e i?ea?aaeiuo
ii?neeo aeaaoi?ee aicieeaao a ?acoeueoaoa na?ina iaa?aouo
noi/iuo aiae yeaeo?inoaioeeyie e iaeioi?uie i?iiuoeaiiuie i?i-
ecaiaenoaaie. Na?in iaa?aouo aiae ai iiiaeo neo/ayo iaoneaaee-
aaao iiauoaiea oaiia?aoo?u aiaeu a aiaeiaiao ia 16-8 0a?aaeonia
Oeaeueney. Ieiuaaeue iyoai iaa?aouo aiae a i?ea?aaeiuo ?aeiiao ii-
aeao aeinoeaaoue 130 ea.ei. 0Aieaa onoie/eaay oaiia?aoo?iay no?a-
oeoeeaoeey i?aiyonoaoao aiaeiiaiaio iiaa?oiinoiui e aeiiiui nei-
ai. ?anoai?eiinoue eenei?iaea oiaiueoaaony, a iio?aaeaiea aai
aic?anoaao, iineieueeo n ?inoii oaeia?aoo?u oneeeaaaony aeoea-
iinoue ay?iaiuo aaeoa?ee, ?aceaaathueo i?aaie/aneia aauanoai.
Oneeeaaaony aeaeiaia ?aciiia?acea oeoiieaieoiia e anae oei?u
aiaei?ineae.
Ia iniiaaiee iaiauaiey iaoa?eaea iiaeii naeaeaoue 3auaiae 0, /oi
yooaeou aio?iiiaaiiiai aicaeaenoaey ia aiaeioth n?aaeo i?iyaeytho-
ny ia eiaeeaeaeoaeueiii e iiioeyoeeiiii-aeioeaiioe/aneii o?iaiyo,
e aeeeoaeueiia aeaenoaea caa?yciythueo aauanoa i?eaiaeeo e oi?iua-
ieth yeinenoaiu.
_ 25. Caa?yciaiea ii/au.
Ii/aaiiue iie?ia Caiee i?aaenoaaeyao niaie aaaeiaeoee eiiii-
iaio aeinoa?u Caiee. Eiaiii ii/aaiiay iaiei/ea ii?aaeaeyao
iiiaea i?ioeannu, i?ienoiaeyuea a aeinoa?a.
Aaaeiaeoaa cia/aiea ii/a ninoieo a aeeoioee?iaaiee i?aaie-
/aneiai aauanoaa, ?acee/iuo oeie/aneeo yeaiaioia, a oaeaea
yia?aee. Ii/aaiiue iie?ia auiieiyao ooieoeee aeieiae/aneiai
iiaeioeoaey, ?ac?ooeoaey e iaeo?aeecaoi?a ?acee/iuo caa?ycia-
iee. Anee yoi caaii aeinoa?u aoaeao ?ac?ooaii, oi neiaeeaoaany
ooieoeeiie?iaaiea aeinoa?u iaia?aoeii ia?ooeony. Eiaiii iiyoi-
io /?acau/aeii aaaeii eco/aiea aeiaaeueiiai aeioeie/aneiai cia-
/aiey ii/aaiiiai iie?iaa, aai nia?aiaiiiai ninoiyiey e ecia-
iaiey iiae aeeyieai aio?iiiaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe. Iaeiei ec aeaeia
aio?iiiaaiiiai aicaeaenoaey yaeyaony caa?yciaiea ianoeoeeaeaie.
_ 3Ianoeoeeaeu eae caa?yciythuee oaeoi?.
Ioe?uoea ianoeoeeaeia – oeie/aneeo n?aaenoa caueou ?anoaiee e
aeeaioiuo io ?acee/iuo a?aaeeoaeae e aieaciae – iaeii ec aaae-
iaeoeo aeinoeaeaiee nia?aiaiiie iaoee. Naaiaeiy a ie?a ia 11
1aa. 0iaiineony 1300 ea. 0oeie/aneeo n?aaenoa. Iaeiaei a
?acoeueoaoa
aeeeoaeueiiai i?eiaiaiey ianoeoeeaeia a naeueneii oicyenoaai iaaee-
oeeia ( 1ai?ueaa n ia?aiin/eeaie aieaciae) 0ii/oe iianaianoii io-
ee/aaony nieaeaiea ec yooaeoeaiinoe aneaaenoaea ?acaeoey ?acen-
oaioiuo ?an a?aaeeoaeae e ?ani?ino?aiaieth “iiauo” a?aaeiuo i?-
aaieciia, anoanoaaiiua a?aae e eiieo?aiou eioi?uo auee oie/-
oiaeaiu ianoeoeeaeaie. A oi aea a?aiy aeaenoaea ianoeoeeaeia noaei
i?iyaeyoueny a aeiaaeueiuo ianooaaao. Ec a?iiaaeiiai eiee/anoaa
ianaeiiuo a?aaeiuie yaeythony eeoue 10,3% 0eee 15 oun. 0aeaeia.
O
1250-oe 0aeaeia iaia?oaeaia ?acenoaioiinoue e ianoeoeeaeai. Yoi ono-
aoaeyaony yaeaieai ia?ae??noiie ?acenoaioeee, caeeth/athuaeny a
oii, /oi iiauoaiiay onoie/eainoue e aeaenoaeth iaeiiai i?aia?aoa
nii?iaiaeaeaaony onoie/eainoueth e niaaeeiaieyi ae?oaeo eeannia. N
iauaaeieiae/aneeo iiceoeee ?acenoaioiinoue iiaeii ?anniao?eaaoue
eae niaio iiioeyoeee a ?acoeueoaoa ia?aoiaea io /oanoaeoaeueiiai
ooaiia e onoie/eaiio ooaiio oiai aea aeaea aneaaenoaea ioai?a,
aucaaiiiai ianoeoeeaeaie. Yoi yaeaiea naycaii n aaiaoe/aneeie,
oeceieiae/aneeie e aeioeie/aneeie ia?ano?ieeaie i?aaieciia.
Iaoia?aiiia i?eiaiaiea ianoeoeeaeia (aa?aeoeeaeia, einaeoeoeeaeia,
aeaoieeaioia) iaaaoeaii aeeyao ia ea/anoai ii/au. A nayce n
yoei oneeaiii eco/aaony noaeueaa ianoeoeeaeia a ii/aao e aiciiae-
iinoe e aiciiaeiinoe eo iaaca?aaeeaaoue oeie/aneeie e aeieiae-
/aneeie niiniaaie. I/aiue aaaeii nicaeaaaoue e i?eiaiyoue oieueei
i?aia?aou n iaaieueoie i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoueth aeecie, ecia?yaiie
iaaeaeyie eee ianyoeaie. A yoii aeaea oaea aeinoeaioou ii?aaeaeai-
iua oniaoe e aiaae?ythony i?aia?aou n aieueoie nei?inoueth aeano-
?oeoeee, iaeiaei i?iaeaia a oeaeii au? ia ?aoaia.
_ 3Eeneua aoiinoa?iua auiaaeu ia nooo.
Iaeia ec ino?aeoeo aeiaaeueiuo i?iaeai nia?aiaiiinoe e iaic-
?eiiai aoaeouaai – yoi 1i?iaeaia aic?anoathuae eeneioiinoe ao-
1iinoa?iuo inaaeeia e ii/aaiiiai iie?iaa. 0?aeiiu eeneuo ii/a ia
ciatho canoo, ii eo anoanoaaiiia ieiaei?iaeea iiieaeaii e iaon-
oie/eai; iie auno?i enoiuathony e o?iaeae ia ieo ieceea. Een-
eioiua aeiaeaee aucuaatho ia oieueei iiaeeeneaiea iiaa?oiinoiuo aiae
e aa?oieo ai?eciioia ii/a. Eeneioiinoue n ienoiaeyueie iioieaie
aiaeu ?ani?ino?aiyaony ia aanue ii/aaiiue i?ioeeue e aucuaaao
cia/eoaeueiia iiaeeeneaiea a?oioiauo aiae. Eeneioiua aeiaeaee aic-
ieeatho a ?acoeueoaoa oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe /aeiaaea, nii-
?iaiaeaeathuaeny yienneae eieinnaeueiuo eiee/anoa ieneeia na?u,
acioa, oaea?iaea. Yoe ieneeu, iinooiay a aoiinoa?o ia?aiinyony
ia aieueoea ?annoiyiey, acaeiiaeaenoaotho n aiaeie e i?aa?auathony
a ?anoai?u niane na?ienoie, na?iie, acioenoie, acioiie e
oaieueiie eeneio, eioi?ua auiaaeatho a aeaea 1″eeneuo aeiaeaeae”
0ia
nooo, acaeiiaeaenoaoy n ?anoaieyie, ii/aaie, aiaeaie. Aeaaiuie
enoi/ieeaie a aoiinoa?a yaeyaony naeeaaiea neaioeaa, iaooe, oa-
eae, aaca a eiaeono?ee, a naeueneii oicyenoaa, a auoo. Oicyen-
oaaiiay aeayoaeueiinoue /aeiaaea ii/oe aaeaia oaaee/eea iinooiea-
iea a aoiinoa?o ieneeia na?u, acioa, na?iaiaei?iaea e ieneaea
oaea?iaea. Anoanoaaiii, /oi yoi neacaeinue ia iiauoaiee eeneio-
iinoe aoiinoa?iuo inaaeeia, iacaiiuo e a?oioiauo aiae. Aeey ?a-
oaiey yoie i?iaeaiu iaiaoiaeeii oaaee/eoue iau?i nenoaiaoe/an-
eeo i?aaenoaaeoaeueiuo ecia?aiee niaaeeiaiee caa?yciythueo aoiin-
oa?o aauanoa ia aieueoeo oa??eoi?eyo.
Caeeth/aiea
Io?aia i?e?iaeu – caaea/a iaoaai aaea, i?iaeaia, noaaoay nioeeaeueiie.
Niiaa e niiaa iu neuoei ia iianiinoe, a?icyuae ie?oaeathuae n?aaea, ii
aei neo ii? iiiaea ec ian n/eoatho eo iai?eyoiui, ii iaecaaaeiui
ii?iaeaeaieai oeeaeeecaoeee e iieaaatho, /oi iu au? oniaai ni?aaeony ni
anaie auyaeaoeieny cao?oaeiaieyie.
Iaeiaei aicaeaenoaea /aeiaaea ia ie?oaeathuoth n?aaeo i?eiyei
oa?iaeathuea ianooaau. *oiau a ei?ia oeo/oeoue iieiaeaiea, iiiaaeiayony
oeaeaiai?aaeaiiua e i?iaeoiaiiua aeaenoaey. Ioaaonoaaiiay e
aeaenoaaiiay iieeoeea ii ioiioaieth e ie?oaeathuae n?aaea aoaeao
aiciiaeia eeoue a oii neo/aa, anee iu iaeiiei iaae?aeiua aeaiiua i
nia?aiaiiii ninoiyiee n?aaeu, iainiiaaiiua ciaiey i acaeiiaeaenoaee
aaaeiuo yeieiae/aneeo oaeoi?ia, anee ?ac?aaioaai iiaua iaoiaeu
oiaiueoaiey e i?aaeioa?auaiey a?aaea, iaiineiiai I?e?iaea *aeiaaeii.
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