Niaea?aeaiea
no?.
TOC \o “1-3” 1. Aaaaeaiea GOTOBUTTON _Toc385734323 PAGEREF
_Toc385734323 2
2. Oaeoi?u aeeythuea ia caa?yciaiea Eaaeiae. GOTOBUTTON _Toc385734324
PAGEREF _Toc385734324 3
3. Oeaeetheicii-aoiaaeiua eiiaeiaou e Eaaeiaeneia ica?i. GOTOBUTTON
_Toc385734325 PAGEREF _Toc385734325 5
3.1 Nynueneee OeAE GOTOBUTTON _Toc385734326 PAGEREF _Toc385734326
5
3.2 I?eica?neee OeAE GOTOBUTTON _Toc385734327 PAGEREF _Toc385734327
6
3.3 Aieoianeee aethieieaaue caaiae GOTOBUTTON _Toc385734328 PAGEREF
_Toc385734328 7
4. Naeueneia oicyenoai e Eaaeiaeneia ica?i GOTOBUTTON _Toc385734329
PAGEREF _Toc385734329 9
5. Yao?ioecaoeey Eaaeiaeneiai ica?a GOTOBUTTON _Toc385734330
PAGEREF _Toc385734330 11
6. Oua?a, i?e/eiyaiue io caa?yciaiey aiaeu GOTOBUTTON _Toc385734331
PAGEREF _Toc385734331 13
7. Iooe ?aoaiey yeieiae/aneeo i?iaeai Eaaeiaeneiai ica?a GOTOBUTTON
_Toc385734332 PAGEREF _Toc385734332 14
EEOA?AOO?A 15
Aaaaeaiea
Iaeiie ec i?iaeai iaoaai a?aiaie yaeyaony yeieiaey ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu.
Iu ia iiaeic?aaaai, /oi i?e iaoai eaaeiiuneaiiii ioiioaiee e oei?a e
oaoia iu oai naiui ia?ooaai ia oieueei onoaiiaeaiiua i?e?iaeie caeiiu,
ii e ia ei?ith aoaei naia nouanoaiaaiea. Yoi i?iyaeyaony a oii, /oi ia
naaiaeiyoiee aeaiue iu oaea ia iiaeai ii?aaeiaaoueny iaoo?aeueiie ieua,
naaaeaio aicaeioo e /enoie aiaea. Eiaiii i?iaeaio yeieiae/aneiai
ninoiyiey iaoaai aiaeiiai aannaeia ?anniao?eaaao aeaiiay ?aaioa, ?a/ue a
eioi?ie iieaeao i Eaaeiaeneii ica?a eae iniiaiie a?oa?ee aeeaeoaeueiie
aeaae.
Oaeoi?u aeeythuea ia caa?yciaiea Eaaeiae.
Ai?iaeo ia Iaaa ia noaoue au oai, /ai ii noae, aac eaaeiaeneie aiaeu
(Eaaeiaa – Iaaa – Iaaneay aoaa – aaeeiay nenoaia). Caaeyaeuaay a
aoaeouaa ai?iaea, oai aieaa oi?ie?oy aai, iaaei ia i?inoi a aiaeo
iiniio?aoue – enneaaeiaaoue, eae e?iaue /aeiaaea, ii aeeciaiiui
iieacaieyi. Aiaea – yoi ieia?ae aeecie.
Iaeiaaea naiia /enoia, naiia aieueoia a Aa?iia, Eaaeiaeneia ica?i iui/a
i?aa?aoeeinue a ionoieioth yio aeey i?iiuoeaiiuo , naeueneioicyenoaaiiuo
e ae?oaeo noieia. Ieiei oanoenio i?iiuoeaiiuo i?aaei?eyoee e 680
aa?ii?iiuoeaiiuo eiiieaenia na?anuaaee e i?iaeieaeatho na?anuaaoue naie
i?iiuoeaiiua noiee a iaeiaaea aeaanoaaiii /enoua aiaeu Eaaeiae. A iauai
e oeaeii aaeaaiaeii Eaaeiaa iieo/aao a n?aaeiai ieiei 400 ieeeeiiia
eoae/aneeo iao?ia caa?yciythueo noieia, a oii /enea 167 eoaiiao?ia aac
anyeie i/enoee. Iaeie oeaeetheicii-aoiaaeiua i?aaei?eyoey /aai noiyo – a
eo iooiaeao aieueoa o?aonio oiene/aneeo aauanoa e oei?ii?aaie/aneeo
niaaeeiaiee e i?e yoii anaai 8 – 9 ec ieo o/eouaathony i?e ii?aaeaeaiee
noaiaie caa?yciaiey.
Aeaenoaeoaeueii eiaaea-oi aiaeu Eaaeiaeneiai ica?a auee «aeaanoaaiii
/enouie», iioiio /oi iia oieeaeueia ii naiaio ninoaao io i?e?iaeu. Ia aa
eeo? i?eoiaeeony anaai 56 ieeeea?aiiia ieia?aeueiuo nieae. I iyaeinoe
iia i?eaeeaeaeanue e aeiaeaeaaie … Yoi io i?e?iaeu. A aio io ian, io
ethaeae, Eaaeiaa aaeaaiaeii iieo/aao , oae neacaoue, aeiiieieoaeueii e
aacaiciacaeii iiiaea ieeeeiiu eoaiiao?ia iai/euaiiuo eee /anoe/ii
i/euaiiuo i?iiuoeaiiuo e auoiauo na?inia.
Oaeei ia?acii, i?iaeaia nianaiey Eaaeiaeneiai ica?a i?aaie/anee naycaia
n oa?aeoa?ii e oneiaeyie i?e?iaeiiieueciaaiey ia oa??eoi?eyo
I?eeaaeiaeuey e a oeaeii Eaieia?aaeneie iaeanoe. Yoi e ?aniaoea
iieiaiiuo caiaeue, a oii /enea ia?auo i?e?oneiauo oa??an. Yoi e
iaeei?aoeaiua ia?ooaiey iiaa?oinoiiai noiea e ?aaeeia a?oioiauo aiae;
?oaea aiaeiio?aiiuo eania, naa?oii?iaoeaiua ia?a?oau niniiauo eania e
aacaeoiiia oie/oiaeaiea oieeaeueiuo eaniuo o?i/eu. Iiiaeaony naaeee n
yaeiaeouie iooiaeaie e ieia?aeueiuie oaeia?aieyie a ?ae?aaoeeiiiuo
ciiao, o aiaeioieia e aiaeienoi/ieeia. ?anoao aaneiio?ieueiinoue na?ina
iai/euaiiuo noieia; iaaethaeaaony ionoonoaea eee iayooaeoeaiay ?aaioa
i/enoiuo nii?oaeaiee, a oaeaea ionoonoaea nia?aiaiiuo iaaicio?aieeeu;
iai?iaeoiaiiia ?aciauaiea i?iiuoeaiiuo e oicyenoaaiiuo iauaeoia;
aanii?yaei/iue nieaa eana.
Anee ioeaieaaoue aaniethoiia aicaeaenoaea eiaeono?ee ia i?e?iaeiua
aiaeu, iauaiu na?anuaaaiuo caa?yciaiiuo noieia, oi ec anao io?aneae
?aaeiia «?aei?ae» i?eiaaeeaaeeo oeaeetheicii-aoiaaeiie i?iiuoeaiiinoe,
ia aeieth eioi?ie a 1987 a. i?eoiaeeeinue 68,3 % noieia. Anee aea
o/eouaaoue iio?aaeaiea aiaeu e na?in noi/iuo aiae (eae caa?yciaiiuo, oae
e «ii?iaoeaii /enouo»), oi ia ia?aia ianoi auoiaeeo oaieiyia?aaoeea, ia
eioi?oth i?eoiaeeony 64,4 % aiaeiiio?aaeaiey. Ii na?ino caa?yciaiiuo
noieia 2-a e 3-a ianoi i?i/ii caieiatho oeiey e oeaaoiay iaoaeeo?aey. Ai
iiiaii yeieiae/aneay neooaoeey a aannaeia Eaaeiae ii?aaeaeyaony
?acaeoeai yoeo io?aneae, a oaeaea eioaineaiinoueth i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo
i?ioeannia, oaiiaie aiaae?aiey i?e?iaeiio?aiiuo ia?ii?eyoee.
Oeaeetheicii-aoiaaeiua eiiaeiaou e Eaaeiaeneia ica?i.
E?iia o?aaeeoeeiiiuo aeey aannaeia Eaaeiaeneiai ica?a ?ac?aaioie
iieaciuo eneiiaaiuo (no?ieoaeueiua e noaeieueiua ianee, a?aieo, a?aaee,
ecaanoiye, iieaaie oiao e o.ae.), a niaaoneia a?aiy caeanue ?acaeaaeenue
niaa?oaiii iiaua io?anee i?iiuoeaiiinoe. A ia?aoth i/a?aaeue yoi
ioiineony e i?aaei?eyoeyi oeaeetheicii-aoiaaeiie i?iiuoeaiiinoe. Oaeay
niaoeeaeecaoeey neiaeeeanue ia iniiaa aiaaouo eaniuo e aiaeiuo ?ano?nia
aannaeia. I?iecaiaenoai oeaeetheicu aiaeiaieia, o?aaothuaa i/aiue /enoie
iaeiieia?aeece?iaaiiie aiaeu. Iiyoiio ia iiaa?aaeuea eiaiii Eaaeiaeneiai
ica?a e aai i?eoieao nicaeaaony ?yae e?oiiuo oeaeetheicii-aoiaaeiuo
i?aaei?eyoee.
A eiaiii: Nynueneee oeaeetheicii-aoiaaeiue eiiaeiao (OeAE), Naaoiai?neee
ia ?aea Aoiena, I?eica?neee OeAE( , Aieoianeee aethieieaaue caaiae e
ae?oaea.
Ai a?aiy nicaeaiey yoiai eiiieaena iaei eoi oaeaeye aieiaiea ia
yeieiae/aneea aii?inu. E a nayce n oai, /oi i/enoeoaeueiua nii?oaeaiey
onoaiiaeaiiua ia i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo iauaeoao, eiatho iaaeinoaoi/iua
iiuiinoe , oaoiieiaee i/enoee ai iiiaeo neo/ayo ia niaethaeaaony e a
oiaea a?aiy yaeythony ia i?aeoe/iuie, /anoi auoiaeyo ec no?iy e aua /aua
– i?inoi ioeeth/athony (iai?eia?, a oeaeyo yeiiiiee yeaeo?iyia?aee), oi
noi/iua aiaeu yoeo i?aaei?eyoee, /anoi iaaeinoaoi/ii i/euaiiua,
iinooiatho a Eaaeiaeneia ica?i, caa?yciyy aai.
Nynueneee OeAE
I?iecaiaenoaaiiua noi/iua aiaeu iinooiatho ia noaioeeth aeieiae/aneie
i/enoee, iaeiaei aei neo ii? ia aeinoeaioou i?iaeoiua iieacaoaee ii
niaea?aeaieth ?yaea caa?yciythueo aauanoa, a *anoiinoe acaaoaiiuo.
Aaeieue aa?aaa ia?aciaaeenue einu e aa?u ec ia?aceiaeeaoaeny
oeaeetheicu. A ooi?iiaoth iiaiaeo iie ?aciuaathony, caiooiyy e
caa?yciyy ica?ioth aiaeo ia aieueoii o/anoea iiaa?aaeuey. Ciia
caa?yciaiey ?ani?ino?aiyaony ii ica?o aieaa /ai ia 11 eaaae?aoiuo
eeeiiao?ia. Iioie naieo noi/iuo aiae i?ineaaeeaaaony ia ?annoiyiee
ianeieueeeo eeeiiao?ia io auionea, a caoai iinoaiaiii ?acaaaeyaony,
niaoeaaynue n ica?iuie aiaeaie.
Eiiaeiao aaeaaiaeii na?anuaaao a aannaei Eaaeiaeneiai ica?a aieueoa 70
iei. Eoaiiao?ia caa?yciaiiuo noieia. A oii /enea 2 ieeeeiia eoaiiao?ia
iai/euaiiuo aiiaua. A 1987 aiaeo a ica?i iinooieei 42 oun. oiii
iaaiinoeueoiiiauo eeneio. A anee aeiaaaeoue e oiio aua 4,3 oun. oiii
i?aaie/aneeo, 2,7 oun. oiii acaaoaiiuo e ae?oaeo aauanoa «iinoaaeaiiuo»
eiiaeiaoii ica?o, oi noaiiaeony ynii: eae ie iiao/a iaoa Eaaeiaa, a n
oaeei eiee/anoaii io?aau ae ia ni?aaeoueny.
I?eica?neee OeAE
A 1931 aiaeo oeiiu iino?ieee a I?eica?nea oeaeetheiciue caaiae – ia
iniai /enoie eaaeiaeneie aiaea, n auioneiie o?oaie a ?aeo Aoieno aac
eaeie-eeai i?aaeaa?eoaeueiie i/enoee, o.a. ia i?aaei?eyoee ia auei
aiiaua ieeaeeo i/enoiuo nii?oaeaiee. Ec oie o?oau oeanoaei aei na?aaeeiu
oanoeaeanyouo aiaeia, eiaaea naiyieaeaineoaeaa caaeea o?aaiao. Aianoi
oiai /oiau oiaiueoeoue a?aaeiua na?inu i?iaaee o?e o?oau a Ae?icaeiai
ica?i – /enoaeooth eaaoio. Iii auei i?aa?auaii a ia?ae/iue
aiaeiai-ionoieiee. Yoi ica?i i?aaeiieaaaeinue eniieueciaaoue a?aiaiii,
aei oao ii? iiea ia aoaeoo iino?iaiu i/enoiua nii?oaeaiey. Iaeiaei a
aeaiiii neo/aa aua ?ac iiaeoaa?aeeeanue iiaiai?ea, /oi iao ie/aai aieaa
iinoiyiiiai, /ai a?aiaiiia. N 1964 aiaea aei naiiai iineaaeiaai a?aiaie
ica?i Ae?icaeiai inoaaaeinue aaeeinoaaiiui i/enoiui nii?oaeaieai ia
caaiaea. Iineieueeo n oao ii? i/enoea yoiai ica?a ia i?iecaiaeeeanue ie
?aco, iii oaea aeaaii caiieieeinue iieo?aceiaeeaoeieny inoaoeaie
oeaeetheiciiai i?iecaiaenoaa. A oaeii ninoiyiee, anoanoaaiii, ica?i
ia?anoaei auiieiyoue naie ooieoeee aiaeiaia-ionoieieea e, aieaa oiai,
i?aa?aoeeinue a oeie/aneoth aiiao caiaaeeaiiiai aeaenoaey. Iai/euaaiua
noi/iua aiaeu caaiaea ia/aee iinooiaoue a iaaieueoie caeea Uo/ee,
iacaaiiue oae ii naiae aueie ?uaiinoe, e caoai iaiin?aaenoaaiii
Eaaeiaeneia ica?i. Aeeyiea yoeo noi/iuo aiae a ioe?uoie Eaaeiaa
i?ineaaeeaaeinue ia ?annoiyiee ianeieueeeo eeeiiao?ia io ianoa eo
auoiaea a ica?i, a a ioaeaeueiuo neo/ayo aaeieueaa?aaiaui oa/aieai
caa?yciaiiua aiaeu ia?aiineeenue a thaeiii iai?aaeaiee ia aeanyoee
eeeiiao?ia. A aeoaieiaiaeiuo aiaaeeiao, i?eiueathueo e yoiio ?aeiio, a
ceiiaa a?aiy iaeaieeaaeinue aieueoia eiee/anoai o?oaeii?aceiaeeiuo
i?aaie/aneeo niaaeeiaiee, io?eoeaoaeueii aeeythueo ia aeiiioth oaoio e
nieaeathueo niaea?aeaiea ?anoai?aiiiai eenei?iaea o aeia. Aeeyiea
noi/iuo aiae caaiaea iinoiyiii neacuaaeinue ia ea/anoaa aiaeu a
aiaeicaai?ao ai?iaea I?eica?ne e iii (ea/anoai aiaeu) iicaieyao
eniieueciaaoue i?e aiaeiiiaeaioiaea eeoue ian/aiua oeeueo?u e
ieieiaeueiia oei?e?iaaiea. I?e/ai oei?e?iaaiea i?eiaiyaony ec-ca
iianaiey caa?yciaiey aiaeu a ai?iaeneie ?ani?aaeaeeoaeueiie nenoaia
A 1986 aiaeo auei i?eiyoi ?aoaiea i cae?uoee I?eica?neiai OeAE,
ia?ai?ioeee?iaaiee aai ia aea?aaiia?aaioeo, iaaaeueiia i?iecaiaenoai.
Na?in noi/iuo aiae a aannaei Eaaeiaeneiai ica?a (iei.eoa. iao?ia)
Na?ioaii noi/iuo aiae 1985 1986
1987 1988
Anaai:
1315 1526 1507 1408
a oii /enea:
ii?iaoeaii-/enouo e i/euaiiuo 1044 1271 1129 1016
caa?yciaiiuo 271 255 378 392
Aieoianeee aethieieaaue caaiae
Ia Aieoianeii aethieieaaii caaiaea nin?aaeioi/aia auieaaea aethieiey e
i?iecaiaenoai iiai/iie i?iaeoeoeee, a /anoiinoe noia?oinoaoa.
Yia?aaoe/aneie aacie i?iecaiaenoaa yaeythony ioiineoaeueii aeaoaaay
yia?aey Aieoianeie AYN. Aei ia/aea 60-o aiaeia aethieiee caeanue
auieaaeyee ec aieneoia, caoai ia?aoee ia aiaoeoi-iaoaeeiiaua ?oaeu,
ieiei 50 % eioi?uo ninoaaeytho niaaeeiaiey oinoi?a. Aei naiiai
iineaaeiaai a?aiaie cia/eoaeueiay /anoue oinoi?a oa?yeanue a i?ioeanna
i?iecaiaenoaa e ooiaeeea ni noi/iuie aiaeaie a Aieoia e caoai a Eaaeiao.
Yoe na?inu niaaeeiaiee oinoi?a i?eaaee e aicieeiiaaieth a Eaaeiaeneii
ica?a na?ueaciuo yeieiae/aneeo i?iaeai.
Eiaaea no?ieeny Aieoianeee aethieieaaue caaiae, ieeiai ia o?aaiaeeea
i?iaeaia Eaaeiae. Aieaa oiai, n/eoaeinue, /oi acio e oinoi? – yoi ieua
aeey aiaei?ineae, a neaaeiaaoaeueii, e aeey anaai iaeoathuaai a ica?a. I
i?iaeaiao yao?ioecaoeee oiaaea ia caaeoiuaaeenue, ii eiaiii acio e
oinoi? iinoaaeee ica?i ia a?aiue aeaaee.
A eiioea 80-o – ia/aea 90-o aaeaaiaeii Aieoianeee iioie i?eiinee a
Eaaeiao «aiaee/eo», a eaaeaeii eeo?a eioi?ie niaea?aeaeinue 45
ieeeea?aiiia oinoaoia, 12,5 ieeeea?aiia noeueoaoia, 0.21 ieeeea?aiia
ooi?a… Oaeie «iiaea?ie» niiniaai oaeoue ana aeeaia.
Iiaen/eoaii, /oi aaeaaiaeii a ica?i iinooiaao ieiei 7000 oiii oinoi?a.
Yoi – i?aaeae; aieueoaai eiee/anoaa oinoi?a ica?o ia inaieoue, aeaeueoa
– eenei?iaeiia aieiaeaiea, iiaeaaeue anaai aeeaiai. Ii anee ana iieaeao
aeaeueoa, eae oei aei neo ii? (oae e eaeao), e 2000 aiaeo oinoi?iay
aeiaaaea e eaaeiaeneie aiaea aeinoeaiao 11000 oiii.
Naeueneia oicyenoai e Eaaeiaeneia ica?i
Ai iiiaeo ianoao i?ea?aaeiay ciia ica?a i?aa?auaia a ceiaiiiua o?aieeeua
oeieeaoia, iaooe, iaaica. Aeaaea a noooth iiaiaeo ana yoi ?o/ueyie
noaeaao a aiaeo. A a ia?eiae aeiaeaeae, oayiey niaaa, aanaiieo iaaiaeeia
ea?oeia e aiana oaeanathuay. Oeaeua iioiee yaeiaeoie a?yce ono?aieythony
a yoio iaeiaaea /enoaeoee aiaeiai. O aa?aaia, aaea ?aniieiaeaiu
oicyenoaa, aiaea noaea iooiie, aa iaeuecy ieoue, iaeuecy a iae
eoiaoueny, a iae eaaeaony iiaeaei ana aeeaia.
Aa?aaiaay eeiey Eaaeiaeneiai ica?a a Ea?aeee caieiaao ii/oe iieiaeio
ie?oaeiinoe ica?a. Caeanue ia oa??eoi?ee /aou?ao aaeieieno?aoeaiuo
?aeiiia, ?aniieiaeaii ieiei 20 ?acee/iuo niaoicia. E ii/oe ana iie
yaeythony enoi/ieeaie caa?yciaiey. Ia aa?aaao aaeece aiaeu iino?iaiu
nioie oa?i, neeaaeia oaeia?aiee e ai?th/a-niaci/iuo iaoa?eaeia, i?inoi
ono?iaiu naaeee. I/enoiuo nii?oaeaiee, eae i?aaeei, iao. A oai, aaea
auee nicaeaiu iie ca/anooth aacaeaenoaotho.
Ia iaeiii ec naiuo aieueoeo aeeaioiiaiae/aneii eiiieaena iino?iaiiii ia
aa?aao ?aee, eioi?ay /a?ac ianeieueei nioai iao?ia aiaaeaao a Eaaeiao,
neiaeeeanue aeooeay ianoaiiaea – ii ia eiaao i/enoiuo nii?oaeaiee e ana
ia/enoiou ?o/ueyie noaeatho a ?aeo, a caoai a ica?i… Iaaeaeaei io aa?aaa
naaeaiu i?yii ia caieth aeanyoee oiii ieia?aeueiuo oaeia?aiee, eioi?ua
oaeaea niuaathony ai a?aiy aeiaeaey a ica?i.
Iooiaeu aeeaioiiaiae/aneeo eiiieaenia e ioeoeaoaa?ee ieacuaatho
na?ueaciia aicaeaenoaea ia ?uaiia iiaieiauea a ica?a. A nayce n ia
iieiie ooeeecaoeeae iaaiciie aeeaee eee eo?eiiai iiiaoa, eioi?ua a
aieueoeo iauaiao iinooiatho a ia?anoiaua ?aee, i?eiiny iaainiieieiua
oo?aou ?uaiiio oicyenoao Eaaeiaeneiai ica?a.
Aei naiiai iineaaeiaai a?aiaie i?iaeieaeaeny iieaaie nieaa eana ii
i?eoieai Nae?e – ?aeai Iaoa e Iyoe, aaea ia?anoyony eininaaua ?uau.
Nieaa e ia?a?aaioea ae?aaaneiu i?eoiaeeony ia aanaiia-eaoiee ia?eiae,
eiaaea eae ?ac e i?ienoiaeeo caoiae eaaeiaeneiai eininy e oi?aee.
Iieaaie nieaa eana ii ?aeai aunoae eaoaai?ee ?uaioicyenoaaiiiai cia/aiey
iaiineo na?ueaciue oua?a aini?iecaiaenoao eaaeiaeneeo eininaauo ?ua.
Yao?ioecaoeey Eaaeiaeneiai ica?a
Aua 25 eao iacaae aiaeu Eaaeiaeneiai ica?a n/eoaeenue /enoaeoeie e
oa?aeoa?eciaaeenue I eeannii ea/anoaa. Naaiaeiy Eaaeiaa n/eoaaony
oia?aiii caa?yciaiiui aiaeiaiii, ae i?enaiai III eeann. Iaaa aea noaea
a?yciie ?aeie, aa aiaeai aeaia ioeaiea IV eeanna.
Anee ninoaa Eaaeiae ia 70 i?ioeaioia ii?aaeaeytho na?inu n oa??eoi?ee
Eaiiaeanoe, oi Iaau – iethn ei anaio e ai?iaeneea noiee. Ecaanoii, /oi
Iaoa?ao?a (/enoe( anaai 70 i?ioeaioia naieo noi/iuo aiae, a inoaaoayny
o?aoue /a?ac neeaiua o?oau iiiaaeaao a eaiaeu, ?aee, Iaao, caeea a naiai
ia?aicaeaiiii aeaea. Ii aio /oi oa?aeoa?ii: anee au aeaaea /enoeeinue
ana, ninoiyiea Iaau e caeeaa ea?aeeiaeueii a?yae ee au oeo/oeeinue.
Aeaei a oii, /oi i?ic?a/iua ia aeae aiaeu, auoiaeyuea ec i/enoiuo
nii?oaeaiee, aeaeaei ia aacoei?eciaiiu. Aea, iie ia niaea?aeao
aieaciaoai?iuo iee?iaia, oieneiia. Ii iieiu aeiaaiiuo yeaiaioia –
niaaeeiaiee oinoi?a e acioa.
Iiiaa a i?e?iaeiua aiaeiaiu, aeiaaiiua yeaiaiou noaiiayony ieoaoaeueiie
n?aaeie aeey iee?ii?aaieciia, a oii /enea – neia-caeaiuo aiaei?ineae.
I?iaeoeou aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe neia-caeaiuo – aeea?aaiu, oieneiu, oaea
ia i?yioth aicaeaenoaothuea ia /aeiaaea. Iniaaiii eioaineaii aiaei?inee
?aciiiaeathony a oi?ioi i?ia?aoie aiaea, oi anoue eaoii. Eiaiii iiyoiio
iaeioi?ua ec ian iaia?oaeeaatho iinea eoiaiey a caeeaa ia naiai oaea
e?aniua iyoia. A anee auieoue oaeie aiaeu, aeaaea i?e oneiaee, /oi iia
eeiy/aiay, iiaeii neeueii io?aaeoueny.
I?ioeann aio?iiiaaiiiai yao?ioe?iaaiey, aucuaay auno?ua e iiae/an
iaia?aoeiua ia?ooaiey ooieoeeiiaeueiuo naycae yeinenoaiu, i?eaiaeeo e
oooaeoaieth ea/anoaa aiaeu, iiae?uao iieaciie i?iaeoeoeaiinoe, a eiiaaea
e e iieiie oo?aoa i?e?iaeiuo ?ano?nia ica?a. Iniiaiua io?eoeaoaeueiua
iineaaenoaey yoiai i?ioeanna – ianniaia ?acaeoea ieaieoiiiuo
aiaei?ineae, iiyaeaiea iai?eyoiiai caiaoa e aeona aiaeu, oaaee/aiea
niaea?aeaiey i?aaie/aneeo aauanoa, nieaeaiea i?ic?a/iinoe e oaaee/aiea
oeaaoiinoe aiaeu. Ia?aianuuaiea aiaeu i?aaie/aneei aauanoaii noeioee?oao
?acaeoea nai?ioeoiuo aaeoa?ee, a oii /enea aieaciaoai?iuo, a oaeaea
aiaeiuo a?eaia. A ?acoeueoaoa aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe iaeioi?uo
aiaei?ineae, iniaaiii neia-caeaiuo, aicieeatho oiene/aneea yooaeou,
i?eaiaeyuea e caaieaaaieyi aeeaioiuo, a a ioaeaeueiuo neo/ayo e /aeiaaea
(«aaooneay» e «na?oeaiaeneay» aieacie).
Ia ieeneaiea ia?iiiiai eiee/anoaa iiaiia?aciaaiiiai i?aaie/aneiai
aauanoaa ?anoiaeoaony cia/eoaeueiay /anoue niaea?aeauaainy a ica?iie
aiaea ?anoai?aiiiai eenei?iaea, /oi ca/anooth i?eaiaeeo e «caii?iui»
yaeaieyi. A ?acoeueoaoa oeaiiua a i?iiuneiaii ioiioaiee ii?iaeu ?ua
(eininaaua, neaiaua), o?aaiaaoaeueiua e aunieiio ea/anoao aiaeu,
auoaniythony ieceini?oiuie aeaeaie, iaiaa a yoii ioiioaiee
/oanoaeoaeueiuie.
Eaaeiaeneia ica?i aeieai ia i?iyaeyei caiaoiuo i?eciaeia yao?ioe?iaaiey.
Iniiaiie i?iaeaiie aeey ica?a n/eoaeinue caa?yciaiea aai aiae, n eioi?ui
aaeanue ai?ueaa. Niaaeeiaiey oinoi?a ia aoiaeyo a /enei iianiuo
caa?ycieoaeae, iiyoiio aai iinooieaiey io i?iiuoeaiiuo i?aaei?eyoee e
ianaeaiiuo ioieoia ia ia?aie/eeenue e ia eiio?iee?iaaeenue.
Aia?aua aniuoea neia-caeaiuo aiaei?ineae auea ioia/aia eaoii 1970 aiaea.
Enneaaeiaaiey iieacaee, /oi niaea?aeaiey aeiaaiiuo aauanoa, iniaaiii
oinoi?a, a ica?iie aiaea ieacaeinue a ianeieueei ?ac auoa, /ai a 60-a
aiaeu. Enoi/ieeii /?acau/aeii aunieiai iinooieaiey oinoi?a ieacaeny
Aieoianeee aethieieaaue caaiae. 40 % aethieiey ninoaaeytho niaaeeiaiey
oinoi?a. A i?ioeanna i?iecaiaenoaa ia aanue oinoi? ooeeece?iaaeny, e
aieueoay aai /anoue oa?yeanue n iooiaeaie e iiiaaeaea ni noi/iuie
aiaeaie a Aieoia, a caoai a Eaaeiaeneia ica?i. Iineieueeo eiioeaio?aoeey
oinoi?a a noieao ia ia?aie/eaaeanue, yoiio oaeoo ia i?eaeaaaee iniaiai
cia/aiey. Auno?ue ?ino eiioeaio?aoeee oinoi?a a ica?iie aiaea i?eaae e
ianniaiio ?acaeoeth ieaieoiiiuo aiaei?ineae, oaaee/aieth ?iee
neia-caeaiuo, eo aaeaaiaeiiio «oeaaoaieth» a eiioea ethey-aaaonoa.
?acaeoua no?aiu oaea aeaaii iinoaaeee caaea/o i?einoaiiaeoue na?in a
aiaeiaiu aeiaaiiuo yeaiaioia. Yoi oneiaea noaei iaeiei ec iniiaiuo
Oaeueneineie eiiaaioeee, iiaeienaiiie no?aiaie iiaa?aaeuey Aaeoeeneiai
ii?y a 1988 aiaeo e iinayuaiiie aai io?aia. Oaeeii – oae nie?auaiii
iacuaatho yoio aeieoiaio – iiaeienae e Niaaoneee Nithc, i?aaii?eaiieoeae
eioi?iai noaea ?inney. Ii iaoa no?aia oneiaey aeiaiai?a iiea oae e ia
auiieiyao. Naaiaeiy a ?innee n/eoatho ca n/anouea iiaeaa?aaoue noiee
oioy au o?aaeeoeeiiiie oaoiieiaee i/enoee. Ooo oae ia aei aeiaaiiie,
o?aaothuae aeiiieieoaeueiuo eaiaeiaeaiee.
Oua?a, i?e/eiyaiue io caa?yciaiey aiaeu
I?aeoeea iicaieyao iai auaeaeeoue neaaeothuea iniiaiua aeaeu oua?aa,
i?e/eiyaiiai caa?yciaieai aiaeiaiia.
Ai-ia?auo, nioeeaeueiue. Ii aucaai nieaeaieai ?ae?aaoeeiiiuo
aiciiaeiinoae ica?, iniaaiii oao, eioi?ua, eae Eaaeiaeneia eee
Iiaaeneia, yaeythony oieeaeueiuie yeieiae/aneeie iauaeoaie. I?aaeaea
anaai yoi au?aaeaaony a oooaeoaiee oneiaee eoiaiey, «oaanaiee» e?aniou
iiaa?aaeee, oiaiueoaiee ?uaii?iaeoeoeaiinoe, aeaeiaiai ?aciiia?acey
aeeaioiiai e ?anoeoaeueiiai ie?a. A aeaiiii neo/aa iioa?e ioeaieaathony
n o/aoii eioaineaiinoe ?ae?aaoeeiiiiai eniieueciaaiey cao?aaeaaaiuo
aeaaoi?eaeueii-oa??eoi?eaeueiuo i?e?iaeiuo eiiieaenia e ia?niaeoeau eo
?acaeoey.
Ai-aoi?uo, ouaieythony eioa?anu ?uaiiai oicyenoaa. Aaaeue nieaeaaony
i?iaeoeoeaiinoue aiaeiaiia. Caeanue ?acoiii enoiaeeoue ec iioa?ue /enoie
i?eauee, eioi?oth oaea iaaiciiaeii ainnoaiiaeoue aeaaea i?e ?acaaaeaiee
iaeueeia.
E, a-o?aoueeo, oua?a, iaiineiue aeiiieieoaeueiui caa?yciaieai Iaaneie
aoau ca n/ao iinooieaiey a?aaeiuo aauanoa ec eaaeiaeneiai ica?a.
Iooe ?aoaiey yeieiae/aneeo i?iaeai Eaaeiaeneiai ica?a
Ii-iiaio iiaieth iniiaiie caaea/ae yaeyaony ia i/enoea noi/iuo aiae, a
nouanoaaiiia oiaiueoaiea eo iauaia aieioue aei iieiie eeeaeaeaoeee. Anee
ana-oaee ii?aaeaeaiiiai iauaia noi/iuo aiae ecaaaeaoue iaeuecy, oi
aaciooiaeiie aeieaeia noaoue ooeeecaoeey eee ia?a?aaioea iooiaeia
i/enoee. Oaeei ia?acii i?ia?anneaiie oaiaeaioeeae a aeaeueiaeoai
?acaeoee nia?aiaiiie oeeaeeecaoeee aeieaeii noaoue ia niaa?oainoaiaaiea
oaoiieiaee i/enoee, a ia?aoiae a i?iiuoeaiiii i?iecaiaenoaa ia
iaeiiooiaeiua eee aaciooiaeiua oaoiieiaee.
Noeioeii aeey nie?auaiey iauaia iio?aaeyaiie e na?anuaaaiie aiaeu
aeieaeii iineoaeeoue aaaaeaiea oa?eoia e oeai ia aiaeo. I?e/ai oeaiu ia
na?anuaaaiua noi/iua aiaeu aeieaeiu auoue iaiiiai auoa, /ai ia
caae?aaiua /enoua, iioiio /oi aeey ?acaaaeaiey na?anuaaaiuo noi/iuo
aiae o?aaoaony ai iiiai ?ac aieueoa /enoie aiaeu, /ai aeey
i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai i?ioeanna.
Oaeaea iiaeii ?aaeeciaaoue oaeie iooue – ?an/enoea iaeuo ?ae (eae,
ai?i/ai, e aeia ia iaeeiaiaeueyo Eaaeiaeneiai ica?a). Ecaea/aiea
caoiioaoae ae?aaaneiu oaea naii ii naaa iiaeao noaoue i/aiue
?aioaaaeueiui aeaeii. Aianoa n oai iiauneony iauai e ?aaoey?iinoue
?a/iiai noiea a Eaaeiao, ianuuaiiinoue noiea eenei?iaeii e nie?aoeony
niaea?aeaiea a iai i?aaie/aneeo eeneio, ?acee/iuo ae?oaeo i?aaie/aneeo e
ieia?aeueiuo aauanoa
Oi?ioee yooaeo iiaeao auoue iieo/ai io i?ae?auaiey caiaoee iiei e eo
i?aia?aciaaiey a ieoeueoo?aiiua caeeaiua eoaa, a oaeaea ca n/ao ioeaca
io «nieioiie» iaeei?aoeee caiaeue. Iieiaeeoaeueiiai yeieiae/aneiai
?acoeueoaoa neaaeoao iaeeaeaoue io aeaoeaio?aeecaoeee naeueneiai
oicyenoaa, a /anoiinoe – aic?iaeaeaiey n?aaeieo e aeaaea iaeuo oi?i.
Onoaiiaeoue no?iaee ?aaeei neeaaee?iaaiey oeieeaoia.
Ieceay noieiinoue caiee ia aa?aao Eaaeiaeneiai ica?a iicaieeo
eniieueciaaoue aieueoea ieiuaaee iiae i/enoiua nii?oaeaiey.
P.S. A eaaeiaeneie aiaea – aeeciue aaeeeiai ai?iaea. Aeaaaeoa iiniio?ei
yoie – aeaaiie – i?aaaea a aeaca.
Eeoa?aoo?a
1. Aoaeia A.E. “Ia?aae eeoeii aaeeeeo ica?”, E., Aeae?iiaoaiecaeao, 1987
Aacaou:
2. “Eaieia?aaeneay i?aaaea” io 30 aaaonoa 1988a.
3. “Naieo-Iaoa?ao?aneea aaaeiiinoe” io 26 naioya?y 1991a.
4. “Naaa?iay noieeoea” ?5 1996a.
5. “Niaia” io 15 iiya?y 1996a.
6. “Niaaoneay ?inney” io 22 aaaonoa 1989a/
7. “O?oae” io 29ethey 1988a.
AEo?iaeu:
8. “Aeeaeia” ?2 1989a.
9. “Eaieia?aaeneay iaii?aia” ?10 1987a.
10. “Eaieia?aaeneay iaii?aia” ?10 1988a.
11. “Naieo-Iaoa?ao?aneay iaii?aia” ?6 1992a.
(A 1986 aiaeo ia?ai?ioeee?iaai a aea?aaiia?aaaouaathuee eiiaeiao
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Yeieiae/aneea i?iaeaiu Eaaeiaeneiai ica?a
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