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Мохообразные Тверской области

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Iioiia?aciua

Iioiia?aciua, i?aaenoaaeytho niaie aeiaieueii e?oiiue, ian/eouaathuee
ieiei 20ouny/ aeaeia, ioaeae ?anoeoaeueiiai oea?noaa. Iioiia?aciua —
i?aaenoaaeoaee aunoeo, eee iiaaaiauo, ?anoaiee. Yoi iaeaieaa i?eieoeaiue
oei a eaoaai?ee aunoeo ?anoaiee.

Iioiia?aciua i?iecioee io caeaiuo eee ao?uo aiaei?ineae. I?e i?i?anoaiee
nii? o ioia ?acaeaaaony aaoaenoay caeaiay ieoue — i?ioiiaia, eioi?ay
iaiiieiaao oaei ieo/aouo aiaei?ineae. Iieiaie i?ioeann o ioia
inouanoaeyaony oieueei a aiaeiie n?aaea. Yoi oeacuaaao ia ?iaenoai ioia
e aiaei?ineae. Iioiia?aciua eiatho ?acee/iua i?eniiniaeaiey e iacaiiiio
ia?aco aeecie, e a oi aea a?aiy o ieo nio?aieeenue /a?ou aiaeiuo
?anoaiee. A aieueoeinoaa neo/aaa iioiia?aciua neaai i?eniiniaeaiu e
iaeoaieth ia nooeo ianoao, iie ?anooo a n?aaea n iiauoaiiie
aeaaeiinoueth — aieioa, eana, nu?ua eoaa, aaea ia?aaeei ia?acotho
nieioiie iie?ia. Nouanoaotho aeaeu, eioi?ua ?anooo oieueei a aiaea. Ioe
— aaoio?ioiua ?anoaiey.

A ioee/ea io iecoeo ?anoaiee — aiaei?ineae e eeoaeieeia — oaei
aieueoeinoaa iioiia?aciuo i?aaenoaaeaii iiaaaii, ninoiyuei ec noaaey e
eenoueaa; oieueei o /anoe iioiia?aciuo oaei i?aaenoaaeaii neiaaeuai
(oaeeiiii).

Ioee/aynue ?yaeii iniaaiiinoae io iecoeo ?anoaiee, iioiia?aciua noiyo
iniaiyeii e n?aaee aunoeo ?anoaiee.

Io aieueoeinoaa aunoeo ?anoaiee iioiia?aciua ioee/athony ionoonoaeai
ei?iae e iaeioi?uie iee?ineiie/aneeie iniaaiiinoyie.

?aciiiaeathony iioiia?aciua aaniieui, iieiaui e aaaaoaoeaiui niiniaaie.

Iioiia?aciua iiaeii ?acaeoue ia o?e eeanna:

1)aioioea?ioiaua (Anthocerotae)

2)ia/aii/ieee (Ia?aticaa)

3)ioe (Iusci).

Ana o?e eeanna aicieeee ia Caiea i/aiue aeaaii, ieiei 300 ieeeeiiia eao
iacaae, e n oao ii? ?acaeaaeenue iacaaeneii iaeei io ae?oaiai, a iioiio
ia?yaeo n iaueie i?eciaeaie, oeacuaathueie ia i?ienoiaeaeaiea eo io
iauaai i?aaeea, yoe eeannu iaeaaeatho e ?yaeii niaoeeoe/aneeo, i?enoueo
oieueei ei iniaaiiinoae.

Nouanoaaiiie ioee/eoaeueiie iniaaiiinoueth aunoeo ?anoaiee, e eioi?ui
ioiinyo e iioiia?aciuo, io iecoeo yaeyaony iacaiiue ia?ac aeecie. A
?acoeueoaoa aeeeoaeueiie yaiethoeee aunoea ?anoaiey auoee ec aiaeu e
i?eniiniaeeenue e aeecie a iiauo naiaia?aciuo iacaiiuo oneiaeyo. A
i?ioeanna i?eniiniaeaiey e iacaiiiio ia?aco aeecie o aunoeo ?anoaiee
au?aaioaeinue iiiai ?acee/iuo i?eniiniaeoaeueiuo i?eciaeia e naienoa,
/oi niinianoaiaaei ii?iaeueiiio ia?aco aeecie eo a ?aciiia?aciuo
oneiaeyo nooe.

A oeaeii n?aaee iioiia?aciuo iiaeii auaeaeeoue ii ioiioaieth e aiaea
ianeieueei yeieiae/aneeo a?oii.

Aeae?ioeou aeeaoo a aiaea.

Aea?ioeou — ?anoaiey ecauoi/ii oaeaaeiaiiuo iano (aieioa, aa?aaa ?ae e
?o/ueaa e o. i.)

Iacioeou — ?anoaiey, iaeoathuea a ianoao (/anoi oaienouo) ni n?aaeieie
oneiaeyie oaeaaeiaiey (aeaaeiua eoaa, oaiiioaieiua eana e o. i.).

Iaaeaeo iacaaiiuie a?oiiaie anoue ia?aoiaeiua oeiu.

Iioiia?aciua Oaa?neie iaeanoe

Oa??eoi?ey Oaa?neie iaeanoe ?aniieiaeaia a eaniie ciia, a iiaeciea
thaeiie oaeae, ia?aoiaeyuae a niaoaiiua oe?ieieenoaaiii-oaieiua eana.
Ianneau eania iie?uaatho aieaa iieiaeiu aa ieiuaaee.

A ?anoeoaeueiii iie?iaa iaeanoe ian/eouaaaony aieaa 1600 aeaeia aunoeo
?anoaiee, ec eioi?uo 300 aeaeia i?eoiaeeony ia aeieth iioiia?aciuo e
1304 aeaea ia aeieth ninoaeenouo ?anoaiee.

Aeiaua eana caieiatho ieiei 25% iauae ieiuaaee eania, iie aeaaeiua,
oaienoua, iiae iieiaii aee iiaoo nouanoaiaaoue oieueei oaiaauiineeaua
?anoaiey.

Eana n iie?iaii ec ieaa?ioeeoia, ioeeeoia eee aeee?aieoia, iacuaatho –
caeaiiiioieeaie.

Oai, aaea a?oioiaua aiaeu iaoiaeyony aeecei e iiaa?oiinoe, e i?ienoiaeeo
ia?aciaaiea oi?oa, a ieaeiai y?ona eana ainiiaenoaoao iio iieeo?eooi –
eoeooeei eai.

A naiuo aeaaeiuo e caaiei/aiiuo ianoao ano?a/athony aeueieee noaaiiaua n
iie?iaii ec noaaiiauo ioia.

Aiaeiay ?anoeoaeueiinoue oaeaea oa?aeoa?ia aeey iaoae iaeanoe, aiaaoie
?aeaie, iaaeoaieeie ica?aie e eneonnoaaiiuie aiaeiaiaie. Ia aeoaeia
aieaa 2 i ?anooo aiaei?inee e aiaeiua ioe. Aiaeiay ?anoeoaeueiinoue
ea?aao aaaeioth ?ieue a aeecie aiaeiaia, oiaiueoaao aieiaiea, caueuaao
aa?aaa io ?ac?ooaiey, aeaao ieuo iiiaei aiaeiui aeeaioiui, yaeyaony
ianoii ia?anoa ?ua, i/euaao aiaeo io caa?yciaiee.

Ieao?icee. Aeaoaeiiiua ioe, ia?acothuea ?uoeua, io oaiii-caeaiuo aei
nieiiaiii-aeaeouo, aieaa eee iaiaa aeanoyuea aea?iiaeiee. Noaaee 5-15 ni
aeeeiie, ainoiaeyuea, iau/ii ia?enoiaaoayueany, acaeooiiaeenoaaiiua, n
e?aniiaaoie ei?ie. Ei?iai/ea, iaeeiiaiiay eee ai?eciioaeueiay, n
ei?ioeie oaeeie, i?iaeieaiaaoi-oeeeeiae?e/aneay, i?yiay eee neaaea
ai?aaoay. E?uoa/ea ino?i – eee ooiieiioniaeaeiay. Nii?iiineo inaiueth.

Ioeeeoi – iaeei ec naiuo ecyuiuo ioia a iaoeo oaieiuo eanao. Ii i/aiue
e?anea – aeanoyuea oaeeiaenoua «ia?uoee» naaoei-caeaiiai oeaaoa. Iie
ii/oe ai?eciioaeueii ?ani?inoa?ou ii caiea, i?e/ai eii/ee neaaea
i?eiiaeiyo. Oi?ia «ia?uoea» neeueii auoyiooue eeei, a aeeeia iau/ii ia
aieaa iaeueoea. Noiaenoai n ia?ii iauyniyaony oai, /oi io aeaaiiai
noaaey ii iaa noi?iiu iooiaeyo aeeeiiua oiieea aieiaua aaoi/ee, eioi?ua
?aniieiaeaiu ii/oe ia?aeeaeueii e oanii nii?eeanathony ae?oa n ae?oaii.
Yoe aaoi/ee iie?uou /?acau/aeii iaeeeie eenoueyie. «Ia?uoee» ioeeeoia
iaiiiai iioiaee ia ieieaoth?iua eenouey iaii?ioieea: iie o iniiaaiey
aieaa oe?ieea, a e aa?oooea iinoaiaiii noiaeyo ia iao. Ano?a/aaony
aeaiiue aeae /aua a niniiauo eanao eee aeueieeao n i?eianueth niniu. Yoi
– naiaia?aciue niooiee niniu. Iaeiaei nieioiiai iie?iaa a eano ia
neieueei-ieaoaeue cia/eoaeueiie ieiuaaee ii ieeiaaea ia ia?acoao.

Iio noaaioi – ?iae noaaiiauo, eee oi?oyiuo (aaeuo), ioia.I?aeiouanoaaiii
aieioiua ioe, i?iec?anoathuea aonouie ieioiuie neiieaieyie, ia?acothueie
e?oiiua iiaeooee eee nieioiua eia?u ia noaaiiauo aieioao; ?aaea
noaaioiu. ano?a/athony ai aeaaeiuo eanao. I?yiinoiy/ee (aunioie 10-20
ni) iyaeee noaaaeue n io/eiaeaeii ?aniieiaeaiiuie aaoayie e iaeiineieiua
eenouey N. niaea?aeao aieueoia eiee/anoai i??oauo aiaeiiiniuo
(aeaeeiiauo) eeaoie n ii?aie, eaaei aieouaathueo aiaeo, /oi
iaoneiaeeaaao aunieoth aeaai?ieinoue noaaioia e niinianoaoao auno?iio
?acaeoeth aa?oiauo aieio a ianoao, aaea iiyaeythony yoe ioe. Aieueooth
?ieue ea?atho noaaiiaua ioe a oi?ie?iaaiee e aeecie aieio. Ec ioia?oeo
inoaoeia noaaioia ia?acothony caeaaee oi?oa. Iio noaaioi ?anoao
aa?oooeie noaaey, a aai ieaeiyy /anoue ioie?aao («iooi?oiauaaaony»). Oae
a oa/aiea iiiaeo eao ia?acothony ia?iiiua caeaaee oi?oa.

Eoeooeei e?i – ?iae ?anoaiee ec eeanna eenoaaiiuo ioia. ?anoao e?oiiuie
iiaeooeiia?aciuie aea?ieiaie. Noaaaeue, aonoi iie?uoue eenoueyie n
anneieeyoeeiiiuie ieanoeii/eaie ia aa?oiae noi?iia eenoa, aeinoeaaao
auniou 40 ni. Iaeeueii nii?iiineo. Ei?iai/ea ni nii?aie iaoiaeeony ia
aeeeiiie iiaeea e eiaao eiia no?iaiea, /ai o ae?. eenoaaiiuo ioia;
naa?oo iia cae?uoa eaaei iiaaeathuei eieia/eii n oiieeie, iai?aaeaiiuie
aiec aieineaie, iaiiieiathueie eueiyioth i?yaeo (ionthaea iacaaiea).
Niiniaiinoue e ia?aciaaieth aea?ieiu e no?iaiea eenoueaa iaoneiaeeaatho
iiaa?oiinoiia iaeiieaiea aeaae e i?eaiaeyo e caaiea/eaaieth. Naiei
iacaaieai ii iaycai aiaoiei noiaenoaii n eueiii, iaoiaeyueiny a noaaeee
«aei/ee» (iieiaeua ?inoee eueia).Yoio iio ia?acoao ?uoeua aea?ieiu ia
ei/eao a nu?uo oaieiuo eanao, ia iiyo, aie?oa noaieia aea?aaueaa. O
eoeooeeia eueia eenouey caeaiua, a o noaaioia naaoei-caeaiua.

Iaeicaiaoiua e iai?eaeaeaoaeueiua ia ia?aue acaeyae iioiia?aciua ea?atho
aieueooth e aaaeioth ?ieue a aeecie, i?e?iaeu. Oeaaeeaay yia?aeth
Nieioea, auaeaeyy eenei?iae, o/anoaoy a e?oaiai?ioa aauanoaa e yia?aee
ia Caiea, iioiia?aciua, eae e ae?oaea ?anoaiey, i?aaenoaaeytho niaie
iacaiaieiue eiiiiiaio aeinoa?u Caiee, iaiouaieaiie /anoueth eioi?ie
yaeyaony e /aeiaae.

Neaaeoao oae aea ioiaoeoue, /oi ieiei 56 aeaeia iioiia?aciuo Oaa?neie
iaeanoe caianaiu a E?anioth eieao. Aio eeoue iaeioi?ua ec ieo:

Aiiaeiiii ooii/aiiue

1 eaoaai?ey ?aaeeinoe

Yieoeo noa?uo oe?ieieenoaaiiuo eania. A oeaeii aieaa thaeiue aeae,
ano?a/athueeny a iaoae ciia ia noaieao noa?uo oe?ieieenoaaiiuo
aea?aaueaa (a iniiaaieyo aeeauo noaieia, ia naaaeai aaeaaeieea) e ia
auoiaeao ecaanoiyea. Iaeaieaa oa?aeoa?ai aeey e?oouo ia?aaeenouo
neeiiia. *oanoaeoaeai e aoiinoa?iiio caa?yciaieth.

?eioinoaaeoi noaiiie

2 eaoaai?ey ?aaeeinoe

?ano?o ia ecaanoiyeiauo eaiiyo ii aeio ei?ioeiai e neeueii caoai?iiiai
ia?aaa. Ano?a/aaony oieueei ia iinoiyiii oaeaaei?iiuo eaiiyo a oneiaeyo
caoaiaiey io oia?aiiiai aei neeueiiai.

Aeee?aioi caeaiue

2 eaoaai?ey ?aaeeinoe

?ano?o ia noa?uo iaeeii?iiuo aea?aaueyo eeiu e ayca, ?aaea aeoaa, ee?ia,
aa??cu, eee ia iaaeaaii oiaaoeo noaieao, i?aeiouanoaaiii a noa?uo
oe?ieieenoaaiiuo eanao.

Ieaaeiiieoi aieienoue

3 eaoaai?ey ?aaeeinoe

?anoao ia nu?ie aeeienoie ii/aa a oneiaeyo oia?aiiiai inaauaiey.
Oa?aeoa?ai aeey nu?uo eaniuo iano iaeoaiey, a o./. /a?iiieueoaieeia ia
aeieuao aeieei, eiiaaea au?anoaao ia nu?uo eoaeaeeao e ii neeiiai
ia?aaia. ssaeyaony eiaeeeaoi?ii ioiineoaeueii iaei ia?ooaiiuo o/anoeia
eana.

Aiiaeiiii ooii/aiiue

1 eaoaai?ey ?aaeeinoe

Yieoeo noa?uo oe?ieieenoaaiiuo eania. A oeaeii aieaa thaeiue aeae,
ano?a/athueeny a iaoae ciia ia noaieao noa?uo oe?ieieenoaaiiuo
aea?aaueaa (a iniiaaieyo aeeauo noaieia, ia naaaeai aaeaaeieea) e ia
auoiaeao ecaanoiyea. Iaeaieaa oa?aeoa?ai aeey e?oouo ia?aaeenouo
neeiiia. *oanoaeoaeai e aoiinoa?iiio caa?yciaieth.

?eioinoaaeoi noaiiie

2 eaoaai?ey ?aaeeinoe

?ano?o ia ecaanoiyeiauo eaiiyo ii aeio ei?ioeiai e neeueii caoai?iiiai
ia?aaa. Ano?a/aaony oieueei ia iinoiyiii oaeaaei?iiuo eaiiyo a oneiaeyo
caoaiaiey io oia?aiiiai aei neeueiiai.

Aeee?aioi caeaiue

2 eaoaai?ey ?aaeeinoe

?ano?o ia noa?uo iaeeii?iiuo aea?aaueyo eeiu e ayca, ?aaea aeoaa, ee?ia,
aa??cu, eee ia iaaeaaii oiaaoeo noaieao, i?aeiouanoaaiii a noa?uo
oe?ieieenoaaiiuo eanao.

Ieaaeiiieoi aieienoue

3 eaoaai?ey ?aaeeinoe

?anoao ia nu?ie aeeienoie ii/aa a oneiaeyo oia?aiiiai inaauaiey.
Oa?aeoa?ai aeey nu?uo eaniuo iano iaeoaiey, a o./. /a?iiieueoaieeia ia
aeieuao aeieei, eiiaaea au?anoaao ia nu?uo eoaeaeeao e ii neeiiai
ia?aaia. ssaeyaony eiaeeeaoi?ii ioiineoaeueii iaei ia?ooaiiuo o/anoeia
eana.

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