Niaea?aeaiea
Iaaeaaeiay caueoa
Oaiia?aoo?a oaea
Oaiei?aaoeyoeey o /aeiaaea
Io /aai iiaea «Cieioie iaeue/ee»?
Caaa?
Nieia/iue iaeia
No?iaiea caei?iaie eiaee /aeiaaea
Enoi/ieee
Iaaeaaeiay caueoa
Ethaiiuoiay ea?oeia i?aaenoaaeyaony aci?o, eiaaea ?anniao?eaaaoue
no?iaiea eiaee iiae iee?ineiiii. Ia?oaeiay /anoue eiaee — iaaeeiaeeoea,
eee yieaea?ien, — ninoieo ec iiiaeo neiaa eeaoie, oioy oieueia aa e ia
i?aauoaao ianeieueeeo aeanyouo aeieae ieeeeiao?a. Ia?aia, /oi a?inaaony
a aeaca, — yoi ionoonoaea a iae e?iaaiiniuo ninoaeia.
A iniiaaiee iaaeeiaeeoeu, oanii nii?eeanaynue ae?oa n ae?oaii, neiaii
ieeoee a?on/aoie iinoiaie, ?aniieiaeaiu eeaoee. Oieueei yoio iniiaiie
neie iaaeeiaeeoeu iiaeii iacaaoue ii-ianoiyuaio aeeaui e iieiioeaiiui.
Aai eeaoee iaoiaeyony a iaiin?aaenoaaiiii ninaaenoaa n aonoie naoueth
e?iaaiiniuo ninoaeia, eaaei iieo/atho ec e?iae ieoaoaeueiua aauanoaa e
eenei?iae e ioaeatho a e?iaue oaeaeeneioo e ae?oaea iaioaeiua aauanoaa.
Eeaoee iniiaiiai neiy iaaeeiaeeoeu a oa/aiea anae aeecie ?aciiiaeathony
aeaeaieai. Ioii/eiaaaoeany io ieo iieiaeua eeaoee nia/aea ieacuaathony
iaae iniiaiui neiai, a caoai iinoaiaiii iooaniythony eia?oaee iiauie
eeaoeaie, ia?acothueieny i?e eaaeaeii i/a?aaeiii aeaeaiee. Noa?ua eeaoee
ii ia?a eo oaeaeaiey io iniiaiiai neiy ana ooaea iaania/eaathony
eenei?iaeii e ieoaoaeueiuie aauanoaaie e ia/eiatho ioie?aoue. Iie
aeaeathony ieineeie, eo aauanoai ia?a?iaeaeaaony e noaiiaeony iioiaeei
ia oa ?iaiaua ia?aciaaiey, ec eioi?uo ninoiyo iiaoe e aieinu.
Iiaa?oiinoue iaaeeiaeeoeu ninoieo ec aieueoiai eiee/anoaa oaeeo ioia?oeo
eeaoie. Neeaeaaynue ae?oa n ae?oaii, iie ia?acotho oiieea ieanoeiee,
eioi?ua iinoaiaiii neoueaathony.
Eacaeinue au, ia?oaua eeaoee oaea aaniieaciu aeey i?aaiecia. Iaeiaei yoi
ia oae. Iie, eae oyaeaeua aeiniaoe n?aaeiaaaeiaiai ?uoea?y, i?eieiatho
ia naay ana oaea?u e nio?aiytho iaa?aaeeiuie aeeaua eeaoee iniiaiiai
neiy iaaeeiaeeoeu. Ueo ec ia?oauo eeaoie ia i?iioneaao ie aiaeu, ie
?anoai?aiiuo a iae aauanoa.
Iiae ieioiui neiai aeeauo eeaoie iaaeeiaeeoeu iaoiaeeony nianoaaiii
eiaea. A iae ai?acaei iaiueoa eeaoie, e ?aniieiaeaiu iie ia
cia/eoaeueiii ?annoiyiee ae?oa io ae?oaa. I?ino?ainoai iaaeaeo eeaoeaie
caiieiaii iniaui aieieienoui aauanoaii, eioi?ia i?eaeaao eiaea
oi?oainoue. A neieueei caeanue e?iaaiiniuo ninoaeia, neieueei oii/aeoeo
ia?aiuo aaoi/ae!
Oieueia yoiai neiy — 1—2 ii. A iai iaoiaeyony ei?ie aiein, naeueiua e
iioiaua aeaeacu. Nthaea aea iiaeoiaeyo /oanoaeoaeueiua ia?aiua aieieia.
Eo ieii/aiey iaiaeeiaeiau eae ii no?iaieth, oae e ii niiniaiinoe
ecae?aoaeueii ioaa/aoue eeoue ia ii?aaeaeaiiua ?acae?aaeeoaee. Oaeia
?aciiia?acea ia?aiuo ieii/aiee aeaao iai aiciiaeiinoue ?acaeaeueii
iuouaoue i?eeiniiaaiea e eiaea, aieue, oaiei, oieiae.
A ia?oaeiie /anoe nianoaaiii eiaee i/aiue iiiai oi?oaeo aieieii. Ii /ai
aeaeueoa io iiaa?oiinoe, oai eo noaiiaeony iaiueoa, oeaiue aeaeaaony
aieaa ?uoeie e a iae ia/eiatho iiyaeyoueny eeaoee, iaeaaeathuea
niiniaiinoueth caoaaouaaoue ec e?iae /anoeoeu aee?a e iaeiieyoue aai a
oaeii eiee/anoaa, /oi ii ii/oe oeaeeeii caiieiyao eeaoee. Nio?aiyy aee?
a aeaea caiana, eeaoee iiaoo aiiaue ioaeaaaoue aai a e?iaue aeey ioaeae
i?aaiecia.
Nia/aea aee?iaua eeaoee ?aniieiaeaiu iiiaeeii/ea eee ioaeaeueiuie
iaeaiueeeie a?oiiaie, a a aeoaeia eiaee eo noaiiaeony ana aieueoa e
aieueoa, e, iaeiiaoe, iie caiieiytho oeaeeeii anth oeaiue. Oae iacaiaoii
eiaea ia?aoiaeeo a iiaeeiaeioth, eee aee?iaoth, eeao/aoeo, oieueia
eioi?ie a iaeioi?uo ianoao oaea aeinoeaaao ianeieueeeo naioeiao?ia.
Eiaea aianoa n iiaeeiaeiie eeao/aoeie ineaaeyao oie/ee e oaea?u,
iai?aaeaiiua ia oaei. I?aaenoaaueoa naaa /aeiaaea, oeooaiiiai n iia aei
aieiau a oienoua iyaeea iaeayea, A oaeii iaea/aiee iiaeii aac aiycie
iiaenoaaeoue a?oaeue iiae oaea? aiena?a eee ?aoeoueny ia niaeue i?uaeie,
aeey iaoaai oaea oaeei iaeayeii eae ?ac e neoaeao eiaea e iiaeeiaeiay
eeao/aoea.
Oaiia?aoo?a oaea
Iaiai aauanoa, eaaeauee a iniiaa aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe ethaiai i?aaiecia,
anaaaea naycai n cao?aoie yia?aee. Iia inaiaiaeaeaaony i?e ieeneaiee e
?aniaaea aunieiiieaeoey?iuo niaaeeiaiee — aaeeia, oaeaaiaeia e aee?ia.
Oeie/aneay yia?aey yoeo aauanoa, a eiia/iii n/aoa, i?aa?auaaony a
oaieiaoth yia?aeth, eiuie neiaaie a oaiei. *ai eioaineaiaa i?ioaeaao
iaiai aauanoa, oai aieueoa ia?acoaony oaiea. Iiaa?oiinoue oaea, iiaeiaii
ethaiio iaa?aoiio i?aaeiaoo ioaeaao oaiei ie?oaeathuae n?aaea, anee aa
oaiia?aoo?a ieaea oaiia?aoo?u oaea.
O aaniicaiii/iuo aeeaioiuo, a oaeaea o ?ua, eyaooae, yua?eoe e ae?oaeo
iecoeo iicaiii/iuo oaiia?aoo?a oaea iaiinoiyiia. I?e iaiiaeaeaeiii
ninoiyiee aeeaioiiai iia eeoue ia 1-2 ° i?aauoaao oaiia?aoo?o
ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu. Ai a?aiy aieueoie aeaeaaoaeueiie aeoeaiinoe
eioaineaiinoue iaiaia aauanoa ?acei oaaee/eaaaony, e oaiia?aoo?a oaea
iiaeao ieacaoueny auoa oaiia?aoo?u n?aaeu ia ianeieueei a?aaeonia.
AEeaioiua n iaiinoiyiiie oaiia?aoo?ie oaea i?e neeueiii iioieiaeaiee
oa?ytho niiniaiinoue aeaeaaoueny e aiaaeatho a ninoiyiea ioeaiaiaiey.
Yoi iauyniyaony oai, /oi nei?inoue oeie/aneeo i?aa?auaiee, a
neaaeiaaoaeueii, e i?ioeannia iaiaia ?acei oiaiueoaaony i?e nieaeaiee
oaiia?aoo?u aiaoiae n?aaeu.
Eeoue ieaeiieoathuea e ioeoeu nio?aiytho iinoiyiioth eee ii/oe
iinoiyiioth oaiia?aoo?o oaea a oneiaeyo iieiy e aeaeaaoaeueiie
aeoeaiinoe, a oieiaeioth iiaiaeo e a aea?eee nieia/iue aeaiue. O yoeo
aeeaioiuo i?ioeannu iaiaia aauanoa ai iiiai ?ac eioaineaiaa, /ai o
inoaeueiuo aeeaioiuo. Oae, ca iaeei e oio aea i?iiaaeooie a?aiaie o
neai?oea ia?acoaony a 30 ?ac aieueoa oaiea, /ai o ea?ia oaeiai aea aana.
I?e noieue eioaineaiii iaiaia oaiia?aoo?a oaea iiaeao cia/eoaeueii
i?aauoaoue iau/ioth oaiia?aoo?o ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu e aeinoeaaoue
36—42°. Oa?noue o ieaeiieoathueo e iia?aiea o ioeoe, a oaeaea
iiaeeiaeiay aee?iaay eeao/aoea oi?ioi i?aaeio?aiytho i?aaieci io
/?acia?iie iioa?e oaiea.
Oaiei?aaoeyoeey o /aeiaaea
A oaea /aeiaaea ca iaeei /an ia?acoaony noieueei oaiea, neieueei ioaeii,
/oiau aneeiyoeoue 1 e eaaeyiie aiaeu. E anee au oaei aianoi eiaee auei
iie?uoi iai?iieoeaaiui aeey oaiea oooey?ii, oi oaea /a?ac /an
oaiia?aoo?a oaea iiaeiyeanue au i?eia?ii ia 1,5°, a /ania /a?ac ni?ie
aeinoeaea au oi/ee eeiaiey aiaeu. Ai a?aiy oyaeaeie oece/aneie ?aaiou
ia?aciaaiea oaiea oaaee/eaaaony aua a ianeieueei ?ac. E ana aea
oaiia?aoo?a oaea ia iaiyaony. O caei?iaiai /aeiaae iia iau/ii ?aaia
36,5—37°. Oaeia iinoiyinoai oaiia?aoo?u oaea iiaeaea?aeeaaaony ii/oe
eneeth/eoaeueii iooai ?aaoeyoeee ioaea/e oaiea /a?ac eiaeo. Iaeaa/aao
yoo ?aaoeyoeeth iaeaaeaea.
Caia/aoaeueiui naienoaii iaeaaeaao iaoa eiaea: i?e iaeiie e oie aea
oaiia?aoo?a aicaeooa aa niiniaiinoue ioaeaaaoue oaiei iiaeao ?acei
iaiyoueny. Eiiaaea ioaea/a oaiea i/aiue iaea, a eiiaaea iia cia/eoaeueii
aic?anoaao, aeaaea anee oaiia?aoo?a aicaeooa auoa oaiia?aoo?u oaea, /oi
ia ia?aue acaeyae iiaeao iieacaoueny iaaa?iyoiui. Yoi naienoai eiaee
naycaii n ?aaioie iioiauo aeaeac. A aea?eoth iiaiaeo, eiaaea oaiia?aoo?a
aicaeooa noaiiaeony auoa oaiia?aoo?u oaea, eiaea aeieaeia au ia
ioaeaaaoue oaiei, a naia iaa?aaaaony io /?acia?ii oaieiai aicaeooa.
Ooo-oi noaiiaeony iiiyoii /aio oae o?oaeii iaoiaeeoueny a aea?ei
iaoiieaiiie aaia, iniaaiii a ia?eeueia.
Ia iaiueoaa cia/aiea aeey ?aaoeyoeee ioaea/e oaiea eiaao naienoai
e?iaaiiniuo ninoaeia eiaee iaiyoue naie i?inaao: oi noaeeaaoueny, oi
?anoe?youeny. Eiaaea ninoaeu ?anoe?ythony, ii iei i?ioaeaao iiiai oaieie
e?iae, e eiaea nia?aaaaony. A oaieay eiaea, ii caeiiai oeceee, ioaeaao
aieueoa oaiea a ie?oaeathuoth n?aaeo. I?e neeueiii noaeaiey ninoaeia
eiee/anoai i?ioaeathuae a ieo e?iae ?acei oiaiueoaaony, eiaea noaiiaeony
oieiaeiie, e iioa?y oaiea i?aaieciii nieaeaaony. A oieiaeioth iiaiaeo
ioaeaeaiea iioa iacia/eoaeueii e ioaea/a oaiea ?aaoee?oaony ii/oe
eneeth/eoaeueii eciaiaieai i?inaaoa ninoaeia eiaee.
Iaoe iuouaiey oaiea e oieiaea caaenyo io oaiia?aoo?u eiaee. Iai oaiei,
eiaaea ninoaeu ?anoe?ythony e eiaea noaiiaeony oaieie. Anee aea ninoaeu
noaeeaathony e eiaea ioeaaeaeaaony, iu n?aco aea iuouaai oieiae.
Ai a?aiy eeoi?aaeee /aeiaaea o?ynao io oieiaea, e ii ia iiaeao
nia?aoueny, neieueeeie au iaeayeaie ie iae?ueny. Yoi i?ienoiaeeo iooiai,
/oi ?acei noaeeaathony ninoaeu eiaee e iia noaiiaeony oieiaeiie. I?e
yoii ioaea/a oaiea neeueii oiaiueoaaony, aieueoa oaiea nio?aiyaony a
i?aaiecia e oaiia?aoo?a oaea, iiauoaynue, iiaeao aeinoeaiooue 40—41°.
Iaeioi?ia a?aiy nionoy ninoaeu eiaee ?anoe?ythony. Ai?y/ay e?iaue
iaa?aaaao eiaeo, e aieueiiio noaiiaeony aea?ei. Iaeiaei, ianiio?y ia
iuouaiea oaiea, oaiia?aoo?a oaea ia/eiaao iiieaeaoueny, oae eae
?acai?y/?iiay eiaea oneeaiii ioaeaao oaiei.
Io /aai iiaea «Cieioie iaeue/ee»?
Aac iaeiai iyoue aaeia iacaae, a iineaaeiea aeie 1496 a., a ?ineioiii
caiea ieeaineiai aa?oeiaa Ii?i aioiaeeenue e iiaiaiaeiaio i?acaeieeo.
Aa?oeia niae?aeny iieacaoue naiei ainoyi oaeea /oaeaniua i?aaenoaaeaiey,
eaeeo aua ia aeaeuaae naao. Aua au! Ono?ienoaii i?acaeieea ?oeiaiaeee
aaeeeee ooaeiaeiee e ieeai ia i?aacieaeaiiue iaoaiee Eaiia?aei aea
Aei/e. Ii caaeoiae ainneaaeoue cieioie aae ie?a, eioi?ue ianooiee iinea
iiiaeo eao aeaeaciiai aaea iionoioeoaeueiuo aiei.
Aeey ecia?aaeaiey aeaeaciiai aaea eociaoeu iiae iaaethaeaieai Eaiia?aei
aea Aei/e naeaeaee ia?iiioth oeao?o eaaeauaai ?uoea?y, caeiaaiiiai a
eaou. A cieioie aae aeieaeai aue ecia?aaeaoue aieue iaeue/ee, n aieiau
aei iia iie?uoue cieioie e?aneie. Yoi aue nui aaaeiiai iaea?y. Ioaoe ca
aeaiueae i?aaeinoaaee aai aeey oaanaeaiey aa?oeiaa.
A ?acaa? i?acaeie/iiai aanaeuey a cae aaacee iiaa?aeaiiiai ?uoea?y. Ec
aai /?aaa auoae cieioie iaeue/ee n e?ueueyie e eaa?iaie aaoaueth a ?oea.
Enioaaiii niio?ae ii ia ie?oaeathueo, i?ieciiny cao/aiiia i?eaaonoaea
aa?oeiao.
I?acaeiee ia oaeaeinue aeiaanoe aei eiioea, iioiio /oi aiacaiii caaieaea
aeaia aa?oeiaa. Ainoe ?acuaoaeenue. Iiaanee iaie. I iaeue/eea, eiia/ii,
caauee… Ii inoaeny ii a ia?iiiii oieiaeiii iieooaiiii caea. Eeoue ia
neaaeothuee aeaiue Eaiia?aei aea Aei/e oaeaeae aai a oaiiii oaeo.
?aaaiie ae?iaeae e aeaeiaii ieaeae. Eaiia?aei caeooae aai a ieau, ioian
e naaa aeiiie e o?e aeiy ooaaeeaae ca iei, iuoaynue nianoe. Ii ia
/aoaa?oue aeaiue iaeue/ee oia?.
I?ioee aaea. Enoi?ey cieioiai iaeue/eea, naycaiiay n eiaiai aaeeeiai
ooaeiaeieea, ia auea caauoa. A i?e/eia aai aeaaee aeieaia a?aiy
inoaaaeanue iaiiiyoiie e aucuaaea ?aciua oieeiaaiey.
Auoue iiaeao, iaeue/ee iiaea iioiio, /oi aai eiaea, iie?uoay cieioie
e?aneie, ia iiaea aeuoaoue? Aaaeue ecaanoii, /oi o eyaooee aeuoaiea, o.
a. iaiai aacia iaaeaeo e?iaueth e ia?oaeiui aicaeooii, iiaeao
i?ienoiaeeoue /a?ac eiaeo. Eyaooea inoaaony aeeaie, anee o iaa
ia?aaycaoue aeuoaoaeueioth o?oaeo, eee o?aoath. E oai naiui i?ae?aoeoue
aeinooi aicaeooa a eaaeea. Ii iia aeaiao, anee aa eiaeo iie?uoue
iacueth, ia i?iioneathuae aicaeoo.
Auoue iiaeao, e /aeiaae aeuoeo eiaeae? Ia yoio Aii?in iaoea aeaea
io?eoeaoaeueiue ioaao. Oi/ii onoaiiaeaii, /oi /a?ac eiaeo iiaeao
i?iieeaoue eeoue iacia/eoaeueiia eiee/anoai eenei?iaea e oaeaeeneiai
aaca.
Auei naeaeaii ae?oaia i?aaeiieiaeaiea: iaeue/ee oia? iioiio, /oi
iie?uoay e?aneie eiaea ia?anoaea auaeaeyoue iio n iaoiaeyueieny a iai
?acee/iuie iaioaeiuie e aeaaea a?aaeiuie aeey i?aaiecia aauanoaaie. A
na?aaeeia i?ioeiai aaea iaeei iaiaoeeee o/aiue ?aoee i?iaa?eoue, iiaeao
ee /aeiaae aeeoue, anee aai eiaea nieioue iie?uoa eaeei-ieaoaeue
aauanoaii, ia i?iioneathuei ie aeaae, ie aicaeooa. Ii ouaoaeueii iie?ue
eaeii anth eiaeo aeaoo ethaeae. Iaeei «eaee?iaaiiue» /aeiaae i?iaue a
oaeii ninoiyiee 24 /ana, a ae?oaie — 8 aeiae. Iaa iie ia?aianee iiuo
eaaei, aac eaeeo-eeai iai?eyoiuo iineaaenoaee. Yoi iauyniyaony oai, /oi
o /aeiaaea auaeaeaiea a?aaeiuo aauanoa iaania/eaaaony ii/eaie, /a?ac
eiaeo iie auaeaeythony a i/aiue iaaieueoii eiee/anoaa.
Cia/eo, ieeaineee iaeue/ee iiaea ia io iaeiieaiey a i?aaiecia a?aaeiuo
aauanoa.
Oiaaea ia iioiio ee ii oia?, /oi iie?uaoay aai oaei cieioay e?anea
i?aiyonoaiaaea auaeaeaieth e enia?aieth iioa, a oai naiui e ii?iaeueiie
ioaea/a oaiea /a?ac eiaeo? Ii iiuo iieacae, /oi anee oaiia?aoo?a
aicaeooa ia i/aiue auniea, oi /aeiaae n iie?uoie eaeii eiaeae /oanoaoao
naay oi?ioi.
Anee au iaeue/ee iaoiaeeeny a aea?ei iaoiieaiiie eiiiaoa eee auiieiye
oyaeaeoth oece/aneoth ?aaioo, a aai iiciei/aiiay eiaea ia auaeaeyea
iioa, oiaaea au i?aaieci ia?aa?aeny. Ii yoiai ia auei. Cia/eo, e ia
i?ae?auaiea ?aaiou iioiauo aeaeac auei i?e/eiie aeaaee ?aaaiea.
Iiuo iieacae, /oi ethaee, eiaea eioi?uo iie?uoa eaeii, i/aiue ieioi
ia?aiinyo oieiae. Eae ?acae?aaeaao eiaeo, a yoi ?acei e iaaeieai
?anoe?yao eiaeiua ninoaeu. A ?acoeueoaoa oaiia?aoo?a eiaee iiauoaaony,
i?ienoiaeeo oneeaiiay ioaea/a oaiea e ianooiaao iinoaiaiiia ioeaaeaeaiea
oaea.
*oi aea iiaei i?iecieoe a i?aaiecia a cieioiai iaeue/eea? Aai eiaea,
iie?uoay e?aneie, ia?anoaea auaeaeyoue iio. Iaeiaei, naii ii naaa
i?ae?auaiea auaeaeaiey iioa ia a?iceei ieeaeeie iianiinoyie, oae eae a
iiiauaiee, aaea iaoiaeeeny ?aaaiie, ia auei aea?ei. Ai?acaei iianiaa
ieacaeinue aeeeoaeueiia e ?aceia ?anoe?aiea ninoaeia, eioi?ia ianooieei
iiae aeeyieai ?acae?aaeathuaai aeaenoaey cieioie e?anee. Iaeue/ee i?iaae
ii/ue a oieiaeiii caea e iioa?ye iiiai oaiea. Oaiia?aoo?a aai oaea
iiieceeanue. A i?e ioeaaeaeaiee oaea i?aaieci ineaaaaaao e aeaeaaony
iniaaiii aini?eei/eaui e oaeei aieaciyi, eae a?eii, a?iioeo e ainiaeaiea
eaaeeo.
Yoi-oi e neo/eeinue n «cieioui iaeue/eeii», aai io/ee aea?. Ii a?aaeee e
neeueii eaoeye. Ii-aeaeeiiio, iaeue/ee oia? io ainiaeaiey eaaeeo.
Caaa?
Nieioea — ae?oa aeecie. Yia?aey, eioi?oth ianoo nieia/iua eo/e, ioaeia
ia oieueei caeaiui ?anoaieyi. A iae ioaeaeathony e ioeoeu, e caa?e, e
ethaee. ?ani?ino?aiyaony eo/enoay yia?aey a aeaea iniauo aiei, eioi?ua,
iiaeiaii caoeiaui, eiatho ?acee/ioth aeeeio.
Eae ecaanoii, io/ie naaoa, i?ieaey /a?ac noaeeyiioth i?ecio, aeaao ia
ye?aia e?aneaoth ?aaeoao. Eo/e n naiie aeeeiiie aieiie — e?aniua; iie
i?aeiieythony neaaaa inoaeueiuo. Naiay ei?ioeay aeeeia aieiu o
oeieaoiauo eo/ae; iie i?aeiieythony neeueiaa. Iaaeaeo yoeie aeaoiy
oeaaoaie a nieia/iii niaeo?a ?aniieaaathony ana inoaeueiua.
A naiii ia/aea OIO a. iaeei o/aiue, iieuecoynue oa?iiiao?ii, enneaaeiaae
oaieiaia aeaenoaea ?acee/iuo eo/ae niaeo?a. Ii aue i/aiue oaeeaeai,
eiaaea niaa?oaiii iaiaeeaeaiii iaia?oaeee, /oi iaeaieaa neeueiia
iaa?aaaiea i?ienoiaeeo ?yaeii n aeeeiiiaieiiaui e?aniui o/anoeii
niaeo?a, aaea, eacaeinue, ieeaeeo eo/ae oaea iao. Oae aia?aua auee
iaia?oaeaiu iaaeaeeiua eo/e. Iie i?aeiieythony neaaaa e?aniuo e,
neaaeiaaoaeueii, iaeaaeatho iaeaieaa aeeeiiie aieiie. Yoe eo/e auee
iacaaiu oaieiauie eee eio?ae?aniuie.
Iicaeiaa o/aiua iaia?oaeeee iaaeaeeiua eo/e e ii ae?oaoth noi?iio
niaeo?a aeaeeiuo eo/ae. Iie i?aeiieythony neeueiaa, /ai aeaeeiua eo/e, a
neaaeiaaoaeueii, ei?i/a eo. Yoe eo/e auee iacaaiu oeueo?aoeieaoiauie.
*a?ac iau/ioth noaeeyiioth i?ecio oeueo?aoeieaoiaua eo/e ia i?ioiaeyo.
Ii anee naeaeaoue i?ecio ec eaa?oea eee ec iaeioi?uo iniauo ni?oia
noaeea, oi eo iiaeii iaia?oaeeoue ieiei oeieaoiauo eo/ae aeaeeiiai
niaeo?a. Oeueo?aoeieaoiaua eo/e /anoi iacuaatho oeie/aneeie. Iie
aeaenoaotho ia oioia?aoe/aneoth ieanoeieo ai?acaei neeueiaa aeaeeiuo
eo/ae, aucuaatho eee onei?ytho iiiaea oeie/aneea ?aaeoeee, a oaeaea
oaeaatho iee?iaia.
Eo/e nieioea, i?iieeae neaicue neie ia?oauo e oie?athueo eeaoie
iaaeeiaeeoeu, aeinoeaatho e neiy aeeauo eeaoie. Neaaia aeaenoaea
nieia/iiai naaoa ia a?aaeeo i?aaiecio, — iaiai?io, aicaoaeaeay eeaoee.
Iii oneeeaaao eo aeayoaeueiinoue e i?eiineo iieueco i?aaiecio. Iieacii e
oia?aiiia aicaeaenoaea nieia/iuo eo/ae. Iaeiaei, /?acia?iia, neeoeii
neeueiia ?acae?aaeaiea nieia/iuie eo/aie, iniaaiii oeueo?aoeieaoiauie,
iiaeao ia oieueei ia?ooeoue ii?iaeueioth ?aaioo eeaoie, ii e oaeoue eo.
I?iieeay a aeoaue oaea, ecauoie eo/enoie yia?aee iia au i?e/eieoue
iaoaio i?aaiecio aieueoie a?aae, anee au ia caueoiay aeayoaeueiinoue
eiaee.
*anoue eo/ae nieia/iiai niaeo?a caaea?aeeaaaony aa?oieie neiyie
iaaeeiaeeoeu. Iaeiaei бoeueoay /anoue eo aeinoeaaao eeaoie iniiaiiai
neiy. ?acae?aaeay yoe eeaoee, nieia/iua eo/e canoaaeytho eo nei?aa ?anoe
e ?aciiiaeaoueny. A /ai auno?aa ?aciiiaeathony iniiaiua eeaoee, oai
oieua noaiiaeony neie ioie?athueo eeaoie. Ia?oaua aea e oie?athuea
eeaoee oi?ioi caaea?aeeaatho oeueo?aoeieaoiaua eo/e. Iiyoiio /ai oieua
eo neie, oai eo/oa ii i?aaeio?aiyao aeeaua eeaoee io /?acia?iiai
aeaenoaey yoeo eo/ae ia i?aaieci.
A iaeioi?uo eeaoeao iniiaiiai neiy iaoiaeyony iniaua ca?iuoee oaiiiai
oeaaoa. E?anyuaa aauanoai, aoiaeyuaa a eo ninoaa, iacuaaaony eiaeiui
ieaiaioii. Iiae aeaenoaeai nieia/iuo eo/ae yoe oaiiua c??iuoee ia/eiatho
oaaee/eaaoueny a ?acia?ao, eiiaaea iie caiieiytho, /ooue ee ia anth
eeaoeo. Oaeea aiaaoua eiaeiui ieaiaioii eeaoee ?aniieaaathony iaae
iniiaiui neiai iaaeeiaeeoeu. Iie auioneatho iiiai io?inoeia e ia?acotho
eae au nieioiie ei?e/iaaue neie. Yoi e anoue caaa?.
Aianoa n ae?oaeie iiaeaathueie eeaoeaie iaaeeiaeeoeu ieaiaioiua eeaoee
iinoaiaiii i?eaeeaeathony e iiaa?oiinoe, a ia niaio ei, anee oieueei
nieioea i?iaeieaeaao aeaenoaiaaoue ia eiaeo, iiyaeythony iiaua eeaoee,
aiaaoua ieaiaioii. Eiuie neiaaie, eiee/anoai ieaiaioa a eiaea
oaaee/eaaaony, eiaea noaiiaeony ana aieaa oaiiie — caaa? oneeeaaaony e
eo/oa i?aaeio?aiyao i?aaieci io /?acia?iiai aeaenoaey aeaeeiuo eo/ae.
?iaiaay e ieaiaioiay caueoa io eo/enoie yia?aee ia?acoaony i/aiue
iaaeeaiii. Eeoue iinoaiaiii, a oa/aiea ?yaea aeiae, iaaeeiaeeoea
iaiaauaaony ieaiaioii e noaiiaeony aieaa oienoie. Aio ii/aio, i?aaeaea
/ai iiaeaa?aiooue eiaeo neeueiiio e i?iaeieaeeoaeueiiio aeaenoaeth
nieia/iiai naaoa, iaaei i?eo/eoue aa e nieioeo.
Anoue ethaee, o eioi?uo eiaea niaea?aeeo i/aiue iaei ieaiaioa e ia
caai?aao, a eeoue e?aniaao ia nieioea. A o iaeioi?uo eeaoee, niiniaiua
ia?aciauaaoue eiaeiue ieaiaio, ?aniieiaeaiu ia?aaiiia?ii, ioaeaeueiuie
a?oiiaie. E oiaaea aianoi ?iaiiai caaa?a iiyaeythony aaniooee, aie?oa
eioi?uo eiaea aeieaia a?aiy inoaaony naaoeie.
Nieia/iue iaeia
Ethaee n iacaai?athuae e aianoa n oai oiieie iaaeeiaeeoeae iniaaiii
/oanoaeoaeueiu e nieia/iiio naaoo. Ii aeaaea oio, eoi oi?ioi caai?aao,
iiaeao iieo/eoue neeueiue iaeia, anee ii aac i?eau/ee, n?aco iiaeaa?aiao
naith eiaeo /?acia?iiio aeaenoaeth nieia/iuo eo/ae, i?eieiay nieia/ioth
aaiio a oa/aiea oeaeiai /ana, a oi e aieueoa. Nieia/iue iaeia i/aiue
eiaa?ai.
Ii ia n?aco aeaao naay /oanoaiaaoue. Nia/aea eae aoaeoi ana
aeaaiiieo/ii, oieueei eiaea noaiiaeony ai?y/ae e e?aniie. Ii anei?a
aieiaa aeaeaaony oyaeaeie, i?iiaaeaao aiiaoeo. A iaiaeaeaiiuo ianoao
iiyaeyaony /oanoai aeaeaiey.
Caoai ia/eiaaony iciia, oaiia?aoo?a oaea iiauoaaony. Eiiaaea auaaao
?aioa. *aeiaae, iaiaaeoiaiii iiaeaa?aioaoee naith eiaeo neeoeii
aeeeoaeueiiio aeaenoaeth eaneathueo nieia/iuo eo/ae, iiaeao iieo/eoue
oyaeaeua iaeiae.
Iniaaiii eaaei nieia/iua iaeiae aicieeatho ai a?aiy aeeeoaeueiuo
i?iaoeie e iioiaeia. I/aiue aaaeii i?aaeaa?eoaeueii caeaeeaaoue eiaeo,
i?eo/aoue e nieia/iui eo/ai. Iiaeaa?aay eiaeo aeaenoaeth nieioea,
aicaeooa e aiaeu, iu eae au oi?aaeiyai aa e canoaaeyai eeaoee
iaaeeiaeeoeu eo/oa auiieiyoue naith ?aaioo.
Aicaeoo, iniaaiii a aai aieaa ieioiuo ieaeieo neiyo, /anoe/ii
caaea?aeeaaao neeueii aeaenoaothuea oeueo?aoeieaoiaua eo/e. *ai oieua
neie aoiinoa?u, /a?ac eioi?ue aeieaeai i?ieoe nieia/iue naao, oai
iaiueoa inoaaony a iai yoeo neeueii aeaenoaothueo eo/ae. Iiyoiio a
ieciaiiuo ianoao nieia/iue naao neaaaa iaaeeaaao, a i?e ainoiaeaeaiee ia
aunieea ai?u iianiinoue nieia/iiai iaeiaa ?acei aic?anoaao.
Aeueieienou oi?ioi ciatho, /oi, niae?aynue a iioiae, iaaei ii
aiciiaeiinoe caueoeoue naay io /?acia?iiai aeaenoaey eiaa?iuo eo/ae.
Ia?aae iioiaeii iaeuecy ie a?eoueny, ie oa?aoue eiaeo ii/aeeie, oai eae
i?e yoii n iiaa?oiinoe eiaee oaeaeyaony cia/eoaeueiay /anoue i?iaiaaaoeo
eeaoie, a aianoa n ieie e eeaoee, niaea?aeauea ieaiaio. Aeaca neaaeoao
caueoeoue oaiiuie i/eaie, a aieiaiie oai? aeieaeai auoue n oe?ieeie
iieyie eee n eicu?ueeii.
No?iaiea caei?iaie eiaee /aeiaaea
Eiaea – yoi oeaeay oeaiaaay nenoaia
Iia ninoieo ec o?ao iniiaiuo eiiiiiaioia: yieaea?iena, aea?iu e
iiaeeiaeii-aee?iaie eeao/aoee. Ana yoi – caaiuey iaeiie oeaie, eioi?ua
iaoiaeyony a oaniie nayce iaaeaeo niaie. Yieaea?ien – naiue aa?oiee neie
iaoae n aaie eiaee. Eiaiii ii anoaao ia iooe iaaaoeaiiai aeeyiey ia
i?aaieci iee?i – e iae?i oaeoi?ia. Yoi naiaai ?iaea aa?uea?, caueuathuee
ian io a?aaeiuo aeieiae/aneeo, oece/aneeo, a oae aea iaoaie/aneeo
aicaeaenoaee. Iniaaiiinoe no?iaiey yieaea?iena iaania/eaatho aai
yeanoe/iinoue, oi?oainoue e i?i/iinoue, a aunieea ?aaaia?aoeaiua
naienoaa niinianoaotho auno?iio ainnoaiiaeaieth i?e iaeaeoeo
iia?aaeaeaieyo. Yieaea?ien, a naith i/a?aaeue, nai ninoieo ec 5 neiaa.
Eaaeaeue ec ieo nic?aaaao iaeei a ae?oaie, i?e yoii eiaea iai?a?uaii
iaiiaeyaony. Iieiia aea iaiiaeaiea eeaoie yieaea?iena i?ienoiaeeo a
oa/aiea 26-28 aeiae.
Iaaeaeo yieaea?ienii e aea?iie (nianoaaiii eiaeae) nouanoaoao
iia?aie/iay ciia. Aea?ia ninoieo ec ia?aieaoathueony iaaeaeo niaie
aieieii, iniiaiua ec eioi?uo yeanoe/aneea e eieeaaaiiaua, eiaiii iie
iaania/eaatho eiaea oi?oainoue, niiniaiinoue aica?auaoueny a i?aaeiaa
ninoiyiea iinea ?anoyaeaiey. Aea?ia ninoieo ec 2-o neiaa. A aeoaieii
neia ?aniieaaathony e?iaaiiniua e eeioaoe/aneea ninoaeu, ia?aiua
ieii/aiey, iuooeu, a oae aea iioiaua e naeueiua aeaeacu e aieinu
(oieeeeoey?iue aiia?ao).
E, iaeiiaoe, aeiiaea?ia (iiaeeiaeii-aee?iaay eeao/aoea), ?aniieaaaaony
iiae aea?iie e neoaeeo naiaai ?iaea “iiaeooeie”. A oao eee eiuo o/anoeao
oaea iia eiaao iaiaeeiaeiaoth oieueio (aieaa eee iaiaa au?aaeaia) – yoei
iauyniyaony ie?oaeinoue oi?i /aeiaa/aneiai oaea. ?ieue aeiiaea?ia i/aiue
aaeeea. Iia i?aaeio?aiyao i?aaieci io /?acia?iiai ioeaaeaeaiey, caueuaao
io aiaoieo ?acae?aaeeoaeae, o?aai, neoaeeo aeaii, a eioi?ii
ioeeaaeuaathony caianu aee?a, ?anoiaeoaiiai a neo/aa aieacie, aieiaea,
aa?aiaiiinoe.
Eae ?aaioaao e ieoaaony eiaea?
Eiaea aiaaoi niaaaeaia e?iaaiiniuie ninoaeaie, ia?acoy naoe, eioi?ua
ianoo ieoaoaeueiua aauanoaa anai ninoaaeythuei yeaiaioai eiaeiiai
iie?iaa. Ia?aiua aieieia oae aea ia?acoao iiiai/eneaiiua nieaoaiey, ii
iiaoo ieai/eaaoueny e naiaiaeii, i?e/ai ?ani?aaeaeaiea e eiee/anoai
ia?aiuo yeaiaioia ia ?acee/iuo o/anoeao eiaee iaiaeeiaeiai. Eiaiii
aeaaiaea?y ia?aiui ia?aciaaiueyi iu /oanoaoai oieiae e oaiei, aeaaeaiea,
inycaiea, a oae aea aieue. Iuoa/iua aieieia a iniiaiii i?aaenoaaeaiu
aeaaeeeie iuooeaie. *anoue ec ieo i?ee?aieaia e aieinyiiio oieeeeoeo
ieaea naeueiie aeaeacu, /anoue naiaiaeii eaaeeo a eiaea. Ae?oaie aeae
iuooe – iiia?a/ii-iieinaoua iaoiaeyony a iaeanoe oae, a eiaea eeoea.
Eiaiii iie ioaa/atho ca ieieeo iaoaai eeoea, iiiiaatho iai oeuaaoueny,
oio?eoueny, a?onoeoue…
«I?eaeaoee» iaoae eiaee.
E iei ioiinyony iioiaua e naeueiua aeaeacu, iiaoe e aieinu. Auaiaeiua
i?ioiee naeueiuo e iioiauo aeaeac ioe?uaathony ia iiaa?oiinoe eiaee a
iaeeeo ai?icaeeao. Eiee/anoai iioa eieaaeaony a caaeneiinoe io
oaiia?aoo?u oaea e ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu, ?aaiou eee iieiy, eiee/anoaa
auieoie aeeaeeinoe. A n?aaeiai ca nooee i?e ii?iaeueiuo oneiaeyo
auaeaeyaony ~ 600-900 ie iioa. Iio oaeaaeiyao eiaeo, i?aiyonoaoao
/?acia?iiio aunuoaieth aa iiaa?oiinoe, enia?yynue, niinianoaoao
oa?ii?aaoeyoeee e auaiaeeo ia iiaa?oiinoue oieneiu. AEe?iaay ieaiea,
?aaiiia?ii ?ani?aaeaeaiiay ia eiaea, iaania/eaaao aa yeanoe/iinoue, i?e
iaaeinoaoi/iinoe aee?iaie niacee eiaea noaiiaeony nooie. Naeueiua
aeaeacu ?aniieaaathony i?aeiouanoaaiii a oao o/anoeao eiaee, aaea
eiathony aieinu. I?ioiee eo ioe?uaathony a aa?oiae o?aoe aieinyiiai
oieeeeoea, ii iiaoo auoue, e ia naycaiu n iei. Iai?eia?, ia eaaeiiyo e
iiaeioaao eo aiiaua iao.
Iiaioue i?aaenoaaeyao niaie ieioioth ieanoeieo, iiaa?oiinoue eioi?ie a
ii?iaeueiii ninoiyiee aeaaeeay, aeanoyuay, ia iae /anoi aeaeiu iaaeiua
i?iaeieueiua iieinee. Eciaiaiey no?oeoo?u, oeaaoa, oi?iu iiaoae aiai?eo
i iaee/ee eaeeo-oi aioo?aiieo caaieaaaiee, iaoaaoea aeoaieiia,
ieia?aeueiuo aauanoa.
Aiein e aai iaiei/ee, ia?acothuea aieinyiie oieeeeoe, oanii naycaiu
iaaeaeo niaie. Aiein ninoieo ec noa?aeiy, aicauoathuaainy iaae eiaeae e
ei?iy, ?aniieaaathuaainy a oieeeeoea. ?ino aieina a aeeeio i?ienoiaeeo
ca n/ao eoeiaeoeu, a iniiaaiea eioi?ie aaeaaony aieinyiie nini/ae,
ia?aciaaiiue e?iaaiiniuie ninoaeaie. Eiaiii caeanue i?ienoiaeeo iniiaiie
iaiai aauanoa. A aieina ?acee/atho 3 neiy: iicaiaia aauanoai, ei?eiaia e
eooeeoea. Ea/anoaaiiua e eiee/anoaaiiua oa?aeoa?enoeee aiein noaoai
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiu e caaenyo io iiiaeanoaa oaeoi?ia, a eiaiii: io
ninoiyiey caei?iauey, io oiai, /ai /aeiaae ieoaaony, ia?aca aeecie,
i?aae?aniieiaeaiiinoe e oai eee eiui caaieaaaieyi, a?aaeiuo i?eau/ae, a
oae aea i?aaeeueiiai ooiaea ca eiaeae aieiau e aieinaie.
Enoi/ieee
Yioeeeeiiaaeey «*aeiaae», ecae. «Iaaeaaiaeea», Iineaa 1975.
Eiiniaeo eaeoeee ii oeceieiaee
Iaoa?eaeu naoe Eioa?iao
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