E???ey, ?e ?ae ?????
O? E????
E ?? E???? ??nyo ??i 6000 ??a ?????, ?????e ???ey ???o ??? ???a ?????
????. Aeey ?????a ????e ????? ?????a ?? y??: ???? ??????i – ??i???? – e
??a ???i ??????? – ??????a. I?????n ??o ?????? ??? ???? e ????? ????
??ia ???a. I?????n ???? ????? i?? ???? e ????o a ???i ??a?a.
N?? ????e ?? ???????a ????e ???o e ???o ???? e i???u ???? e ????.
E ???????i ????yi ??nyo ????th ????. ???? ??? 0,1-0,3 ?. I????a ??o
??iy?oth ??o, ?e ?e y????a ????a e ???? ????o. O?i ????e i??? ?????. Eo
????atho ? 10 aei 15 ?n. A y????a ????e ?atho ??o?a ????ey – ?????. I?
???ae?? ????? ?????tho ???, ????y? a ???a ??, ????th?a ???. I?? ??????y
?i? ????o ? ? ??a a y????a ???ath?y ??a.
E ????? ???y ??nyo ???a i????, ??????a ? ?th?? ???a e ???a a ????e ?o,
???e ????o a ????th ???. A?a n ???ey? ??c ????e ?o ???? a y????o, ?a
???th?y ??????i? ???e. A??? ????ath?y ??ue ?? ????e.
I????y ??? ???e ??????? ???e ?? ??yth?y ??? ??c ???? – ????a, ??????a
????? ? ??a? ??a ?? ????e.
O ????e ???? ?? ?a ??????? ???e, ??????a a ???? e c??e ??yo ??. E??y
???ue n??? ? ????i ????? e ???y?o e ?? a ?? ??? 5 – 7 ????a. AE??a ????
e ?? ? ????? ???a ???atho a ???y?a ????, ??i ???? ?a ??o ???ath?y e
???tho n?a ???ei? a ?????, ??a ?? ????e ?????y e ?????o ae???ue ??c
????a ???, a ???? a y? ??y ??ue ???yth?y. A??? ???ath?y ?????.
A???a ?????a ????e ????ey?ny ??i ?????i ???y e ?????a?y ???? ??i- e
???????. ?????? ???y?ny 1 – 2 ?? a ??e. *?? ????i ????e a ????i ??a
????e ????? ???e ???n, ???e ?c?atho ??th???. Ae? ????e ???yo ?oa e ??o
?th??e ????e, ??i/? a ??a ? ???????y ????y?ny, e ??o ?? ????ny
???????n?e ???. I?????? ?e y?i ???ath?y, a ??????u ?ey?y ???i ? ??? y?a,
?e ? ???o ???ath?y, a ????a ??ue ???y ???i ???i.
A ?c???a a ??? ????e ???th?y ???a (???oth?a) e ???a (??????) y?a. C??
??o ??y? ????? ??i ???oth?? y??e n ???oth?i ?ey?? ??????i e ???oth??
y??, ??a ?? ??e ???y?y. A??a a ??? ? ?o y?i ???y e ?????? ???th?y ??i- e
??????u. O?? ???i, ?e ???i ???? ??i ????e ? ??????y, a ???yth?y ???????
???? ??????a e ???atho ??a ????? ?????? ?????.
O ???? a i???a ???? ????a ??o ??????? ????y ????? – a????? ??????.
E????e y? oy??a ????i? ????ny a ???? ???, ???o, ????a e ???? ????. I???i
??/??i ???????y ?????? ??ao ???, ????? ????ey?. A????e a ????a ???
???tho ??u, ???a n ???y? ???tho ? ??ithth ??o e ?i ???yth?y ????? ??y.
C???? /???a ????? ?e ????e ?? a i??????? ??o n ?y??e ??? eee ??e. *??
??????i ??tho eth?, ?y??? n ???e ? ??o ca ??uey? ?e ????? ???u.
Ae??? ??yo ?e ????? ????ey a ???yo. I?????a ? ?, ?i e ?e ??? ????
?????yo.
N???a
Iaeaieaa oeie/iue oe?iei ?ani?ino?aiaiiue i?aaenoaaeoaeue ?anie/iuo —
eiooci?ey oooaeueea (Paramecium). Iia iaeoaao a noiy/ae aiaea, a oaeaea
a i?aniiaiaeiuo aiaeiaiao n i/aiue neaaui oa/aieai, niaea?aeaueo
?aceaaathueeny i?aaie/aneee iaoa?eae.
Neiaeiinoue no?iaiey eeaoee o ia?aiaoeee iauyniyaony oai
ianoiyoaeuenoaii, /oi ae i?eoiaeeony auiieiyoue ana ooieoeee, i?enouea
oeaeiio i?aaiecio, a eiaiii ieoaiea, inii?aaoeyoeeth e ia?aaeaeaeaiea.
Oaei ia?aiaoeee eiaao oa?aeoa?ioth oi?io: ia?aaeiee eiiaoe o iaa ooiie,
a caaeiee ianeieueei caino?ai.
?anie/ee eiooci?ee oooaeueee ?aniieiaeaiu ia?aie ii anae iiaa?oiinoe
eeaoee. ?aniieaaaynue i?iaeieueiuie aeeaaiiaeueiuie ?yaeaie, iie,
niaa?oay aeaiey, canoaaeytho eiooci?eth a?auaoueny e i?iaeaeaaoueny
aia?aae. Iaaeaeo ?anie/eaie iaoiaeyony ioaa?noey, aaaeouea a iniaua
eaia?u, iacuaaaiua o?eoioeenoaie. Ec yoeo eaia? iiae aeeyieai
ii?aaeaeaiiuo ?acae?aaeeoaeae iiaoo auno?aeeaaoue oiieea ino?ieiia/iua
ieoe, eniieuecoaiua, aa?iyoii, aeey oaea?aeaiey aeiau/e.
Iiae iaeeeeoeie eiooci?ee oooaeueee ?aniieaaaaony yeoiieacia —
i?ic?a/iue neie ieioiie oeeoiieaciu eiinenoaioeee aaey. A yeoiieacia
iaoiaeyony aacaeueiua oaeueoea (eaeaioe/iua oeaio?eieyi), io eioi?uo
iooiaeyo ?anie/ee, a iaaeaeo aacaeueiuie oaeueoeaie eiaaony naoue oiieeo
oea?eee, o/anoaothueo, ii-aeaeeiiio, a eii?aeeie?iaaiee aeaiey ?anie/ae.
Iniiaiay ianna oeeoiieaciu eiooci?ee oooaeueee i?aaenoaaeaia
yiaeiieaciie, eiathuae aieaa aeeaeeoth eiinenoaioeeth, /ai yeoiieacia.
Eiaiii a yiaeiieacia ?aniieiaeaii aieueoeinoai i?aaiaee. Ia aaio?aeueiie
(ieaeiae) iiaa?oiinoe oooaeueee aeeaea e aa ia?aaeiaio eiioeo iaoiaeeony
ieiei?ioiaay ai?iiea, ia aeia eioi?ie iaoiaeeony ?io, eee oeeoinoii.
?io eiooci?ee oooaeueee aaaeao a ei?ioeee eaiae — oeeoioa?eien, eee
aeioeo. Eae ieiei?ioiaay ai?iiea, oae e aeioea iiaoo auoue aunoeaiu
?anie/eaie, aeaeaeaiey eioi?uo iai?aaeytho e oeeoinoiio iioie aiaeu,
ianouae n niaie ?acee/iua ieuaaua /anoeoeu, oaeea, iai?eia?, eae
aaeoa?ee. Aie?oa iiiaaoeo a oeeoiieacio iooai yiaeioeeoica ieuaauo
/anoeoe ia?acoaony ieuaaay aaeoieue. Yoe aaeoiee ia?aiauathony ii
yiaeiieacia e oae iacuaaaiie ii?ioeoea, /a?ac eioi?oth iaia?aaa?aiiua
inoaoee iooai yecioeeoica auaiaeyony ia?oaeo.
A oeeoiieacia eiooci?ee oooaeueee eiathony oaeaea aeaa nie?aoeoaeueiua
aaeoiee, ianoiiieiaeaiea eioi?uo a eeaoea no?iai oeene?iaaii. Yoe
aaeoiee ioaa/atho ca inii?aaoeyoeeth, o. a. iiaeaea?aeeaatho a eeaoea
ii?aaeaeaiiue aiaeiue iioaioeeae. AEeciue a i?aniie aiaea ineiaeiyaony
oai, /oi a eeaoeo iinoiyiii iinooiaao aiaea a ?acoeueoaoa iniina; yoa
aiaea aeieaeia iai?a?uaii auaiaeeoueny ec eeaoee, /oiau i?aaeioa?aoeoue
aa ?ac?ua.
I?ienoiaeeo yoi n iiiiuueth i?ioeanna aeoeaiiai o?ainii?oa, o?aaothuaai
cao?aou yia?aee. Aie?oa eaaeaeie nie?aoeoaeueiie aaeoiee eiooci?ee
oooaeueee ?aniieiaeai ?yae ?anoiaeyueony eo/aie eaiaeia, niae?athueo
aiaeo, ia?aae oai eae aunaiaiaeeoue aa a oeaio?aeueioth aaeoieue.
A eeaoea ia?aiaoeee eiooci?ee oooaeueee iaoiaeyony aeaa yae?a. Aieueoaa
ec ieo — iae?iioeeaon — iieeieieaeiia; iii eiaao aieaa aeaoo iaai?ia
o?iiinii e eiio?iee?oao iaoaaiee/aneea i?ioeannu, ia naycaiiua n
?aciiiaeaieai. Iee?iioeeaon — aeeieieaeiia yae?i. Iii eiio?iee?oao
?aciiiaeaiea e ia?aciaaiea iae?iioeeaonia i?e aeaeaiee yae?a.
Ia?aiaoeey eiooci?ee oooaeueee iiaeao ?aciiiaeaoueny e aaniieui iooai
(iiia?a/iui aeaeaieai iaaeaia) e iieiaui (iooai eiiuthaaoeee).
Ae???a
N???y ????? ????a?? ???ey, ???? ??????y (???o ??i ??? ???ae). ????a
???ny a ??e ????e e ????o ?y?e (y?????) ?? a ??y???i ??iy?e, a ????? — a
????i. E??y ??oth?y ???? a ?y? ????o ?? n ?a??? ????e ? ????th n ?????.
I?ay a ??a ??, ???? ????y ??? ????? ?e. N???ue ???ey — ??i 2 ?/c. I?????
???ey ??o ?iyo?y ? ??o ????e ??. I?e ?????? n ??y???i ?????a ?y?? ??a
?iy?ny ? ???????a, e ???? ?????o ??ae. C?? ?a ????? ??y “??????y”
??-???, a ??i ??a ???? ???? ???ae. I? ???i??e n ??y???i ???? ???
??ey???ny, e a ??? ??yo ?? ???y. A ?? “?????ey” ???e ??/???y ? ???
Ae???, ????a, ????ey?y
Oooaeueea aeuoeo anae iiaa?oiinoueth eeaoee. Iia niiniaia nouanoaiaaoue
ca n/?o aeeeieeca i?e ieceie eiioeaio?aoeee eenei?iaea a aiaea.
I?iaeoeou acioenoiai iaiaia oaeaea auaiaeyony /a?ac iiaa?oiinoue eeaoee
e /anoe/ii /a?ac nie?aoeoaeueioth aaeoieue. Iniiaiay ooieoeey
nie?aoeoaeueiuo aaeoieae inii?aaoeyoi?iay. Iie auaiaeyo ec eeaoee
eceeoee aiaeu, i?iieeathuea ooaea ca n/?o iniina. Nia/aea iaaooatho
i?eaiaeyuea eaiaeu, caoai aiaea ec ieo ia?aea/eaaaony a ?aca?aoa?. I?e
nie?auaiee ?aca?aoa?a ii ioaeaeyaony io i?eiaiaeyueo eaiaeia, a aiaeu
aua?anuaaaony /a?ac ii?o. Aeaa aaeoiee ?aaioatho a i?ioeaioaca, eaaeaeay
i?e ii?iaeueiuo oeceieiae/aneeo oneiaeyo nie?auaaony iaeei ?ac a 10—15
n. Ca /an aaeoiee aua?anuaatho ec eeaoee iau?i aiaeu, i?eia?ii ?aaiue
iau?io eeaoee.
?aciiiaeaiea
O ???? ?? a???a e ???a ?????a (???e ???n). A???a ?????a – i????a ???a a
???? ??iy?e. I? ??????ny ???? ????? ?????e. I????, ?? ? ??? ??? ????
????e ?o n ?????? ?????, ??ay ?????o ???ath?th ??????oth ???ue, ?????
?????a ????o ??oe e ?????a ??o ???? e o.i.
I??? ???n, ?e e o ??? ????e, ????? a ??a ??th??e. O???e, ??ny??y e ???
???, ???? “???ath?y” ???? n????, e ??o ???? ????ny ????????? ???. C??
??????u ??th??th?o ????e ???ath?y, a ??????u ?ey?y ??i ???. Ec ??????ny
???o ????? y?? ?e ??aatho, a ???ayny ???y ???i. A ??? ????e ??? ?? ?a
?i???o ?????a – ?? ? ?o ???e (??????), a ??? – ???e (???oth?e). E????
????th?y ???? ??????e, a ???a ??th?y a “??e” ???. C?? a ??? ????e “??”
???e e “??e” ???e ?????u ??ath?y, ???y ????? y?i – ????i. I? ???e ?????
????ny ?a y?a. I?i ? ?o ????ny ????? ???????, a ??? ?????ny a ??????
??????. ???? y?o ???n ????? ???a e ??????ny ?????? ????th????? ???y?.
N???
?? ????? ? ????a ?????/?o ????e (Peritricha). A?th?? ??a 100 ???
???????? ??a, ??u? a ???e e ???e ??. N. — ?aey?a ????, ????yth?y e ????o
(a ???a ? ??? ??a Peritricha) ?e ??? ???y??ny ???????i ????a. O?i N.,
?ath?a ??o ??????, ??? ????. Ia ?n???? ???? ?i ??a (????ay ??) ?????
???e ?yae ?n?oe (??? ??ath??y a ?????u), ?????e ??i (a ???a ? ?????????
????e, o ???o ????ay ?? ????? ????a ???). I?????y ???ue ??o e ????
????th. I?ath?y N. ???e ?????e a ?? ??????e ????e (????, ???ey?, ????).
I? ???? ?????e a ????? ???y ???th?y ????? ???? ??? ??????ath?a “??y?e”,
???a ??i ???tho ????e e ????yth?y e ????o. I??? ???n — ? o?o ?????e
??th??e (???a ?????a ????uth??u e ?e?a ????a ????uth??u).
E???ey ???
?? ?i???o ??? ????e ???y? ????i??o. Ae?? ? 1 ?. N?? 10 ??a. O?i a ??a
???e. Ia ?????i ???? ??a ??i ???ay ?? ?????? ?????, ???eyth?o ?e ???o
??? e ???? ????th. I???? ?? ???i ?????e ?y?? ??? ????. N???u ??i
n????ny, ???ay ????cioth ??o ????y ??????? ?oyi — ????. I?? ???? ???ue
?e ????y?ny e ????o ???? ??? ???. I?oatho a ??yo e ???o ??o. O ????? ??a
a ????? ?ath?y ??????? ????u — ??????a ????e.
E???ey-n????y
A?ue ??y ????y — ????ey. Iiae ?ey?? ???o ????? ?? ?a ?????y ? ????? ????
e ?? ????y?ny. O?? y??? ?????? ???tho ???i. O?i ????e «????». Oi ? ?????
n ?????, ????? «e???n ????. A ???a 10—15 ??? ?a ? ?? ????y?ny a ???th?e
??? ??a!
A ????? ?o ? ???yo ??ay ????y — ?????i ??n — ?ae ?ey?? ?o ? ????? ?????y
? ????, ? ?????y ??i ?? ? ?????. Y? ??? ? ???? c ???? ????.
I???? ????? ?ae a?y?? ????? ??atho, ???yy ?? ????a, ?a ?? ???? ????u —
y?i, ???ee, ????y ???i ????? ????, e o. ae. A?? ??, y? ????u ???y?y
????? — ?e ???? ?e ? ???ey?ny ? ????. I???a??i ??, ? ? ???y ?????. A ??i
??iy?e ??? ??o ????ny ?n, ???, ??? e ?? ??a ??e. C?? ?a ???? ?????y
????i??a ??ue ???a ????? y??? ???a ??? e ??? ?????. I???i ?e?i y??ey ??o
???ue ???ey ???? e ???oth?e ??? o ????e, ???a?e ?a-??e, ?????th?e a
????a ey??e.
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