Oaoie/aneia caaeaiea
Enoiaeiua aeaiiua:
O = 18
I*i
( = 56
?aae/n
d =
0.55 i
noaia 1
Yeaeo?iaeaeaaoaeue
Oi?oaay ioooa
?aaeoeoi? n i?yiicoaie eiie/aneie ia?aaea/ae
Ioe?uoay eiie/aneay ia?aaea/a
Ea?oioaea-i/enoeoaeueiay iaoeia
Caaeaiea: ?ann/eoaoue iaeiinooiai/aoue ?aaeoeoi? n i?yiicoaie eiie/aneie
ia?aaea/ae. Ia/a?oeoue nai?i/iue /a?o?ae ?aaeoeoi?a, ?aai/ea /a?oaaee
coa/aoiai eieana e aaaeiiiai aaea.
Iacia/aiea e n?aaieoaeueiay oa?aeoa?enoeea i?eaiaea
Aeaiiue i?eaiae eniieuecoaony a ea?oioaeai/enoeoaeueiie iaoeia. I?eaiae
aeeth/aao a naay yeaeo?e/aneee aeaeaaoaeue, ioe?uooth oeeeeiae?e/aneoth
einicoaoth ia?aaea/o, iaeiinooiai/aoue eiie/aneee ?aaeoeoi?, eioi?ue
o?aaoaony ?ann/eoaoue e ni?iaeoe?iaaoue a aeaiiii eo?niaii i?iaeoa.
?aaeoeoi?ii iacuaaaony iaoaieci, ninoiyuee ec coa/aouo eee /a?ay/iuo
ia?aaea/, auiieiaiiue a aeaea ioaeaeueiiai aa?aaaoa e neoaeauee aeey
ia?aaea/e iiuiinoe io aeaeaaoaey e ?aai/ae iaoeia. Eeiaiaoe/aneay noaia
i?eaiaea iiaeao aeeth/aoue, iiieii ?aaeoeoi?a, ioe?uoua coa/aoua
ia?aaea/e, oeaiioth eee ?ai?iioth. Iacia/aiea ?aaeoeoi?a iiieaeaiea
oaeiaie nei?inoe e iiauoaiea a?auaoaeueiiai iiiaioa aaaeiiiai aaea ii
n?aaiaieth n aaeii aaaeouei. ?aaeoeoi? ninoieo ec ei?iona, a eioi?ii
iiiauatho yeaiaiou ia?aaea/e – coa/aoua eie?na, aaeu iiaeoeiieee e o.ae.
Coa/aoua ia?aaea/e
Iaeaieaa /anoi eniieuecotho oeeeeiae?e/aneea e eiie/aneea ia?aaea/e n
i?yiuie e einuie coaueyie. E?iia yoeo ia?aaea/ eniieuecotho aeioiaua, e
ia?aaea/e n oaa?iiiuie e e?eaieeiaeiuie coaueyie.
I?aeiouanoaa coa/aouo ia?aaea/
Iinoiyinoai ia?aaeaoi/iiai /enea (aeey i?yiicoaie oeeeeiae?e/aneie
U=2(4, einicoaie oeeeeiae?e/aneie U=4(6, aeey eiie/aneie U=2(3)
Aunieay iaa?oci/iay niiniaiinoue
Aunieee EIAe (0.96(0.99)
Iaeua aaaa?eou
Aieueoay aeieaiaa/iinoue, i?i/iinoue, iaae?aeiinoue, i?inoioa a
ianeoaeeaaiee
N?aaieoaeueii iaeua iaa?ocee ia aaeu e iii?u
Iaaeinoaoee coa/aouo ia?aaea/
Iaaiciiaeiinoue aac nooiai/aoiai eciaiaiey nei?inoe.
Aunieea o?aaiaaiey e oi/iinoe ecaioiaeaiey e iiioaaea.
Ooi i?e aieueoeo nei?inoyo.
Ieioea aii?oecaoeeiiiua naienoaa, /oi io?eoeaoaeueii neacuaaaony ia
eiiiainaoeeth aeeiaie/aneeo iaa?ocie.
A?iiicaeeinoue i?e aieueoeo iaaeinaauo ?annoiyieyo.
Iio?aaiinoue a niaoeeaeueiii iai?oaeiaaiee e eino?oiaioa aeey ia?acaiey
coaueaa.
Coa/aoua ia?aaea/e ia i?aaeio?aiytho io iianiuo iaa?ocie
Eiie/aneea ia?aaea/e ii n?aaiaieth n oeeeeiae?e/aneeie iaeaieaa neiaeiu
a ecaioiaeaiee e iiioaaea o.e. aeey ieo o?aaoaony aieueoay oi/iinoue.
1. Auai? yeaeo?iaeaeaaoaey e eeiaiaoe/aneee ?an/?o.
1.1 Ii?aaeaeyai o?aaoaioth iiuiinoue aeaeaaoaey
N=N*( (Ao) O=Oauo=O3
N=56*18=1008 Bo
1.2 Ii?aaeaeyai EIAe
(=(?*(ii*ie
?-?aaeoeoi?a
=0,679 ii-ioe?uoie ia?aaea/e
ie-iiaeoeiieeia ea/aiey
1.3 Ii?aaeaeyai iiuiinoue aeaeaaoaey
1.4 Auae?aai ye. Aeaeaaoaeue ec oneiaey
Ni ( Naea Ni=1.5 eAo 4A80A2O3 Ni=1.5 eAo
nn=3000
Iiieiaeueiie iiuiinoe 1.5 eAo niioaaonoaoao /aou?a aeaea aeaeaaoaeae
(oaaeeoea 1)
oaaeeoea 1
N( Oeii?acia? nc, ia/iei
1 4A80A2O3 3000
2 4A80A493 1500
3 4A90L693 1000
4 4A100L893 750
1.5 Ii?aaeaeyai ia?aaeaoi/iia ioiioaiea aeaeaaoaey
, aaea naea – neio?iiiay /anoioa a?auaiey, Ia/iei;
nauo – /anoioa a?auaiey auoiaeiiai aaea iaoaiecia (aae N, ni noaio 1),
Ia/iei
1.6 Caaea?iny ia?aaeaoi/iui ioiioaieai ioe?uoie ia?aaea/e
u = 2(3
1.7 Ii?aaeaeyai ia?aaeaoi/iia ioiioaiea ?aaeoeoi?a
Ia?aaeaoi/iia ioiioaiea ?aaeoeoi?a aeieaeii aoiaeeoue a i?iiaaeooie aeey
eiie/aneie i?yiicoaie ia?aaea/e U=2(3
, aaea U – ia?aaeaoi/iia ioiioaiea aeaeaaoaey
Uii – ia?aaeaoi/iia
ioiioaiea ioe?uoie
ia?aaea/e
U? – ia?aaeaoi/iia
ioiioaiea ?aaeoeoi?a
Inoaiiaei naie auai? aeaeaaoaea N(1, e i?eiai neaaeothuea ia?aaeaoi/iua
ioiioaiey:
uaea = 5,6 u? = 2,8 uii = 2
Yneec aeaeaaoaey a i?eeiaeaiee 1.
1.9 Ii?aaeaeyai oaeiaoth nei?inoue ia aaeao ia?aaeaoi/iiai iaoaiecia
I?iaa?ea: Naea=Oaea*(aea
Naea=4,73*313,6=1483 Ao
Aeaeaaoaeue 4A80A2O3
1.10 Auiieiyai ia?aoiue ia?an/?o O3, (3 n o/?oii aua?aiiiai aeaeaaoaey
I?iaa?ea Naea=Oaea*(aea
Naea=4.19*56=1500 Ao
A aeaeueiaeoai aoaeai aanoe ?an/?ou n o/?oii iieo/aiiuo cia/aiee
1.11 Ii?aaeaeaiea /anoiou a?auaiey aaeia ia?aaeaoi/iiai iaoaiecia
n1 = nc = 3000 ia/iei
Aeaiiua ?an/?oia naaae?i a oaaeeoeo:
oaaeeoea 2
Oi, I*i (i, ?aae/n ni, ia/iei
Aae A 4.78 314 3000
Aae A 9.08 157 1071
Aae N 24 56 535
2. Aaiiao?e/aneee i?i/iinoiie ?an/?o cae?uoie ia?aaea/e.
2.1 Auae?aai iaoa?eae
Aeey oanoa?ie e eieana auae?aai noaeue oaea?iaeenooth
ea/anoaaiioth 45; No 45, aeey eioi?ie aeiioneaaiia iai?yaeaiea i?e
ecaeaa aeey ia?aaa?neaiuo iaa?ocie ((0(=122 IIa, aeiioneaaiia eiioaeoiia
iai?yaeaiea (((=550 IIa
–
?en1. Ia?aaea/a eiie/aneeie coa/aouie eie?naie
2.2 Ii?aaeaeyai aiaoiee aeaeeoaeueiue aeeaiao? (ni. ?en.1)
eiyooeoeeaio EI(=1,2
eiyooeoeeaio oe?eiu aaioea ii ioiioaieth e aiaoiaio eiioniiio
?annoiyieth (ARE=0,285
(1(,
aaea O? – iiiaio ia auoiaeiii aaeo ?aaeoeoi?a (oaae. 2);
de2 – aiaoiee aeaeeoaeueiue aeeaiao?, ii;
(((e – aeiioneaaiia eiioaeoiia iai?yaeaiea, IIa;
up – ia?aaeaoi/iia ioiioaiea ?aaeoeoi?a;
I?eieiaai ii AINO 12289-76 aeeaeaeoaa noaiaea?oiia cia/aiea
de2=100ii
2.3 I?eieiaai /enei coaueaa ia oanoa?ia
Z1=22
2.4 Ii?aaeaeyai /enei coaueaa ia eieana
Z2=u?*Z1=2,8*22=62 (1(
Ii?aaeaeyai aaiiao?e/aneea ia?aiao?u coa/aoie ia?aaea/e
2.5 Aiaoiee ie?oaeiie iiaeoeue
(1(
2.6 Oaie aeaeeoaeueiiai eiiona aeey (ni. ?en.1):
2.7 Ii?aaeaeyai aiaoiee aeeaiao? oanoa?ie e eieana (ni. ?en.1)
2.8 Ii?aaeaeyai aiaoiaa eiioniia ?annoiyiea (ni. ?en.1)
(1(
2.9 Ii?aaeaeyai n?aaeiaa eiioniia ?annoiyiea (ni. ?en.1)
, aaea b – aeeeia coaa
2.10 Ii?aaeaeyai n?aaeiee ie?oaeiie iiaeoeue
2.11 Ii?aaeaeyai n?aaeiee aeaeeoaeueiue aeeaiao? oanoa?ie e eieana (ni.
?en.1)
d=m*Z (1( d1=1.3*22=28.6 ii
d2=1.3*62=80.6 ii
2.12 Ii?aaeaeyai oneeea aeaenoaothuaa a caoeaieaiee
ie?oaeiia eieana
oanoa?ie
, aaea O – e?ooyuee
iiiaio ia auoiaeiii aaeo; d – n?aaeiee aeaeeoaeueiue aeeaiao?
, aaea ? – ie?oaeiia oneeea, ( – oaie aeaeeoaeueiiai eiiona, ( = 20(
I?iaa?ea
eiyooeoeeaio oe?eiu oanoa?ie ii n?aaeiaio aeeaiao?o
(1(
n?aaeiyy ie?oaeiay nei?inoue eieana
(1(
noaiaiue oi/iinoe n=7
Aeey i?iaa?ee eiioaeoiuo iai?yaeaiee ii?aaeaeyai eiyooeoeeaiou iaa?ocie
(1(, aaea EI( – eiyooeoeeaio o/eouaathuee ?ani?aaeaeaiea iaa?ocee ii
aeeeia coaa;
EI( – eiyooeoeeaio o/eouaathuee ?ani?aaeaeaiea iaa?ocee iaaeaeo i?yiuie
coaueyie;
EIV – eiyooeoeeaio o/eouaathuee aeeiaie/aneoth iaa?oceo a caoeaieaiee
aeey i?yiicoauo eie?n
(1(
I?iaa?eo eiioaeoiuo iai?yaeaiee auiieiei ii oi?ioea:
I?iaa?ea coaueaa ia auiineeainoue ii iai?yaeaieyi ecaeaa
(1( , aaea
eiyooeoeeaio iaa?ocie
, aaea EF( – eiyooeoeeaio eiioeaio?aoeee iaa?ocee;
EFV – eiyooeoeeaio aeeiaie/iinoe
Y – eiyooeoeeaio oi?iu coaueaa auae?aai a caaeneiinoe io yeaeaaeaioiuo
/enae coaueaa:
aeey oanoa?ie
aeey eieana
I?e yoeo cia/aieyo ZV auae?aai YF1 = 3.976, YF2 = 3.6
Aeey oanoa?ie ioiioaiea
aeey eieana
Aeaeueiaeoee ?an/?o aaae?i aeey coaueaa oanoa?ie, o.e. iieo/aiiia
ioiioaiea aeey iaai iaiueoa.
I?iaa?yai coa eieana
3. ?ac?aaioea yneeciie eiiiiiiaee.
3.1 I?aaeaa?eoaeueiue ?an/?o aaeia ?aaeoeoi?a.
?an/?o auiieiyai ia e?o/aiea ii iiieaeaiiui aeiioneaaiui
iai?yaeaieyi
E?ooyuea iiiaiou a iiia?a/iuo na/aieyo aaeia:
aaaeouaai Oe1=O1=9000 Ii
aaaeiiiai Oe2=O2=24000 Ii
Aeeaiao? auoiaeiiai eiioea aaea da1 (ni. ?en. 3) ii?aaeaeyai i?e
aeiioneaaiii iai?yaeaiee ((e(=25 IIa
(1(
aeeaiao? iiae iiaeoeiieeaie i?eiai di1=17 ii; aeeaiao? iiae oanoa?iae
de1=20 ii.
Aeeaiao? auoiaeiiai eiioea aaea da2 (ni. ?en. 4) i?e aeiioneaaiii
iai?yaeaiee ((e(=25 IIa
aeeaiao? iiae iiaeoeiieeaie i?eiai di2=20 ii; aeeaiao? iiae coa/aoui
eieanii de2=25 ii.
3.2 Eiino?oeoeaiua ?acia?u oanoa?ie e eieana
Oanoa?iy
N?aaieoaeueii iaaieueoea ?acia?u oanoa?ie ii ioiioaieth e aeeaiao?o aaea
iicaieytho ia auaeaeyoue nooieoeo (ni. ?en. 3).
Aeeeia iinaaei/iiai o/anoea lno(b=20 ii
Eieani
aai ?acia?u
daa2=101.1 ii; b=20 ii
aeeaiao? nooieoeu
dno (1.6*de2=1.6*25=40
ii; aeeeia
nooieoeu
lno = (1.2(1.5)*
de2=1.5*25=37.5 ii
lno = 35 ii
oieueia iaiaea
(0
=(3(4)*m=1.3*(3(4)=5 ii
?en2. Eiie/aneia coa/aoia oieueia aeenea N=(0,1(0,17)*Ra=7 ii
eieani
3.3 Kiino?oeoeaiua ?acia?u ei?iona ?aaeoeoi?a
oieueia noaiie ei?iona e e?uoee
( = 0,05*Ra+1=3,65 ii; i?eieiaai ( = 5 ii
(1=0,04*Ra+1=3,12 ii; i?eieiaai (1 = 5 ii
oieueia oeaioeaa (iiynia) ei?iona e e?uoee:
aa?oiaai iiyna ei?iona e iiyna e?uoee
b=1,5*(=1,5*5=7,5 ii
b1=1,5*(1=1,5*5=7,5 ii
ieaeiaai iiyna e?uoee
?=2,35*(=2,35*5=11,75 ii; i?eieiaai ?=12 ii
Aeeaiao?u aieoia:
ooiaeaiaioaeueiuo d1=0,055*R1+12=12,3 ii; i?eieiaai ooiaeaiaioaeueiua
aieou n ?acueaie I12
aieoia, e?aiyueo e?uoeo e ei?iono o iiaeoeiieea, d2=(0,7(0,5)* d1
d1=(0,7(0,5)*12,3=8,6(6,15 ii; i?eieiaai aieou n ?acueaie I8
aieoia, niaaeeiythueo e?uoeo n ei?ionii, d3=(0,7(0,5)* d1
d3=6(7,2 ii; i?eieiaai aieou n ?acueaie I6
3.4 Eiiiiiiaea ?aaeoeoi?a
I?iaiaeei iina?aaeeia eenoa ai?eciioaeueioth inaaoth eeieth – inue
aaaeouaai aaea. Iaia/aai iieiaeaiea aa?oeeaeueiie inaaie eeiee – ine
aaaeiiiai aaea. Ec oi/ee ia?ana/aiey i?iaiaeei iiae (1 = 20( inaaua
eeiee aeaeeoaeueiuo eiionia e ioeeaaeuaaai ia ieo io?acee Re = 53 ii.
Eiino?oeoeaii ioi?ieyai ii iaeaeaiiui auoa ?acia?ai oanoa?ith e
eieani. Au/a?/eaaai eo a caoeaieaiee. Iiaeoeiieee aaeia ?aniieiaeei
noaeaiao.
I?aaeaa?eoaeueii iaia/aai aeey aaeia ?ieeeiiiaeoeiieee eiie/aneea
iaeii?yaeiua. O/eouaay iaaieueoea ?acia?u ?aaeoeoi?a i?eieiaai e?aeoth
na?eth iiaeoeiieeia
Oneiaiia iaicia/aiea iiaeoeiieea d
ii D
ii B
ii C
eI Co
eI
7203 17 40 12 14.0 9.0
7204 20 47 14 21.0 13.0
Iaiinei aaaa?eou iiaeoeiieeia aaaeouaai aaea, iaiaoea i?aaeaa?eoaeueii
aioo?aiithth noaieo ei?iona ia ?annoiyiee 10 ii io oi?oea oanoa?ie e
ioeiaeea caci? iaaeaeo noaieie ei?iona e oeaio?ii iiaeoeiieea 10 ii
(aeey ?aciauaiey iacaoaea?aeeaathuaai eieueoea). Aoi?ie iiaeoeiiee
?aciauaai ia ?annoiyiee io ia?aiai ?aaiii 2.5*da1=2,5*13=32.5 ii (2(,
aaea da1 – aeeaiao? auoiaeiiai eiioea aaaeouaai aaea.
?aciauaai iiaeoeiieee aaaeiiiai aaea, iaiaoea i?aaeaa?eoaeueii
aioo?aiithth noaieo ei?iona ia ?annoiyiee 10 ii io oi?oea nooieoeu
eieana e ioeiaeea ?annoiyiea iaaeaeo noaieie ei?iona e oeaio?ii
iiaeoeiieea 10 ii.
Caia?ii ii?aaeaeyai ?annoiyiey
a1=30 ii ; a2=48 ii ; a3=33 ii ; a4=64 ii
4. I?iaa?ea aeieaiaa/iinoe iiaeoeiieeia.
Aaaeouee aae
?an/?oiay noaia
a1=30 ii
a2=48 ii
?r1=203.5 I
Pa1=74 I
P=1678.3 I
Ii?aaeaeaiea
?aaeoeee iii?
a aa?oeeaeueiie
ieineinoe
?en. 3 ?an/?oiay noaia
aaaeouaai aaea.
I?iaa?ea:
Ii?aaeaeaiea ?aaeoeee iii? a ai?eciioaeueiie ieineinoe
I?iaa?ea:
Ii?aaeaeaiea yeaeaaeaioiuo iaa?ocie
(3( , aaea X,Y – eiyooeoeeaiou ?aaeeaeueiie e inaaie iaa?ocie
niioaaonoaaiii;
Kv – eiyooeoeeaio o/eouaathuee a?auaiea eieaoe iiaeoeiieeia;
Fr – ?aaeeaeueiay iaa?ocea, I;
EA – eiyooeoeeaio aaciianiinoe;
Eo – oaiia?aoo?iue eiyooeoeeaio
, aaea Ii, Vi – ?aaeoeee iii? a ai?eciioaeueiie e aa?oeeaeueiie
ieineinoyo niioaaonoaaiii, I
Inaaua ninoaaeythuea ?aaeeaeueiuo ?aaeoeee eiie/aneeo iiaeoeiieeia
(1(
caeanue aeey iiaeoeiieeia 7203 ia?aiao? inaaiai iaa?oaeaiey e = 0.31
A iaoai neo/aa S1(S2; Fa(0, oiaaea Pa1=S1=706.2 H
Pa2=S1+Pa=271+74=345 H
X=0.4 Y=1.97
?an/?oiay aeieaiaa/iinoue, iei. ia.
?an/?oiay aeieaiaa/iinoue, /
, aaea n = 1500 /anoioa a?auaiey aaaeouaai aaea.
?an/?o aaaeiiiai aaea
Ii?aaeaeaiea
?aaeoeee iii? a
aa?oeeaeueiie
ieineinoe
?en. 4 ?an/?oiay noaia
aaaeiiiai aaea.
I?iaa?ea:
Ii?aaeaeaiea ?aaeoeee iii? a ai?eciioaeueiie ieineinoe.
I?iaa?ea:
Inaaua ninoaaeythuea ?aaeeaeueiuo ?aaeoeee eiie/aneeo iiaeoeiieeia
A iaoai neo/aa S1(S2; Fa(0, oiaaea Pa1=S1=63 H
Pa2=S1+Pa1=63+203.5=266.5 H
Oae eae a ea/anoaa iii? aaaeiiiai aaea i?eiaiaiu iaeeiaeiaua
iiaeoeiieee 7204 , oi aeieaiaa/iinoue ii?aaeaeei aeey aieaa
iaa?oaeaiiiai iiaeoeiieea.
, ii yoiio inaaoth iaa?oceo neaaeoao o/eouaaoue.
Yeaeaaeaioiay iaa?ocea
Py=0.4*515.7+1.67*266.5=0.7 eI
?an/?oiay aeieaiaa/iinoue, iei. ia.
(1(
?an/?oiay aeieaiaa/iinoue, /
caeanue n = 536 ia/iei – /anoioa a?auaiey aaaeiiiai aaea
Iieo/aiiay aeieaiaa/iinoue aieaa o?aaoaiie. Iiaeoeiieee i?eaieaiu.
5. Ooi/i?iiue ?an/?o aaeia.
Ii?iaeueiua iai?yaeaiey io ecaeaa eciaiythony ii neiiao?e/iiio
oeeeeo, a eanaoaeueiua io e?o/aiey ii ioeuene?othuaio
5.1 Auai? iaoa?eaea aaea
I?aaeaa?eoaeueii i?eiai oaea?iaeenooth noaeue iau/iiai ea/anoaa, No5,
aeey eioi?ie i?aaeae a?aiaiiiai nii?ioeaeaiey (b=500 IIa
5.2 Ii?aaeaeaiea ecaeaathueo iiiaioia
Aaaeouee aae
O aaaeouaai aaea ii?aaeaeyoue eiyooeoeeaio caiana i?i/iinoe a
ianeieueeeo na/aieyo iaoeaeaniia?acii, aeinoaoi/ii aua?aoue iaeii
na/aiea n iaeiaiueoei eiyooeoeeaioii caiana, a eiaiii na/aiea a ianoa
iinaaeee iiaeoeiieea, aeeaeaeoaai e oanoa?ia (ni. ?en.3). A yoii iianiii
na/aiee aeaenoaotho iaeneiaeueiua ecaeaathuea iiiaiou My e Mx e e?ooyuee
iiiaio Mz = O2. Eiioeaio?aoeey iai?yaeaiee aucaaia iai?anniaeie
aioo?aiiaai eieueoea iiaeoeiieea ia aae.
a1=14 ii;
a2=48 ii
?r=203,5 I;
?a=74 I ;
?=1678,3 I
Va=308,5 I;
Va=105 I;
Ha=2727,2 I;
Ha=1048,9 I;
Ma=10,582 I*i
Iino?iaiea yith?u Iy (?en. 5)
0(y(a1 My=-Pa*x+Ma;
y=0 My=Ma
y=a1 My=- Pr*a+Ma=-50,468 I*i
0(y(a2 My=-Va*y=-50,468 I*i
Iino?iaiea yith?u Ix (?en. 5)
0(x(a1 Mx=-P*x
0(x(a2 Mx=-Ha*x
x=0 Mx=0
x=a1 Mx=- P*a1=-50,349 I*i
x=0 Mx=0
?en. 5 Yith?u iiiaioia x=a2 Mx=- Ha*a2=-50,349 I*i
Aaaeiiue aae
a3=33 ii;
a4=64 ii
?r=74 I;
?a=203,5 I;
?=595,5 I
Va=133,4 I;
Va=-59,4 I;
Ha=393,9 I;
Ha=202 I;
Ma=82,0105 I*i
Iino?iaiea yith?u Iy (?en. 6)
0(y(a3 My=Va*y
y=0 My=0
y=a3 My=Va*a3=44,022 I*i
0(y(a4 My=Va*y
y=0 My=0
y=a4 My=Va*a4=-38,016 I*i
Iino?iaiea yith?u Ix (?en. 6)
0(x(a3 Mx=-Ha*x
x=0 Mx=0
x=a3 Mx=- Ha*a3=-129,657 I*i
0(x(a4 Mx=-Ha*x
x=0 Mx=0
?en. 6 Yith?u iiiaioia x=a4 Mx=- Ha*a4=-129,657
I*i
5.3 Ii?aaeaeaiea noiia?iiai ecaeaathuaai iiiaioa a iianiii na/aiee
5.4 Ii?aaeaeaiea inaaiai iiiaioa nii?ioeaeaiey na/aiey
(1(
5.5 Aiieeooaea ii?iaeueiuo iai?yaeaiee
(1(
5.6 Ii?aaeaeaiea iiey?iiai iiiaioa nii?ioeaeaiey
5.7 Ii?aaeaeaiea aiieeooaeu eanaoaeueiiai iai?yaeaiey
5.9 Ii?aaeaeaiea eiyooeoeeaioia caiania i?i/iinoe
ii ii?iaeueiiio iai?yaeaieth
,aaea (v – aiieeooaea ii?iaeueiuo iai?yaeaiee; E( – yooaeoeaiue
eiyooeoeeaio eiioeaio?aoeee ii?iaeueiuo iai?yaeaiee; (( – ianooaaiue
oaeoi? aeey ii?iaeueiuo iai?yaeaiee; ( – eiyooeoeeaio o/eouaathuee
aeeyiea oa?ioiaaoinoe iiaa?oiinoe ( = 0.97(0.9
ii eanaoaeueiiio iai?yaeaieth
, aaea (-1 – i?aaeae auiineeainoe noaee i?e neiiao?e/iii oeeeea
e?o/aiey; k( – eiyooeoeeaio eiioeaio?aoeee iai?yaeaiee; (( – ianooaaiue
oaeoi?; ( – aiieeooaea eanaoaeueiuo iai?yaeaiee, IIa; ( – eiyooeoeeaio,
o/eouaathuee aeeyiea oa?ioiaaoinoe iiaa?oiinoe; (( – eiyooeoeeaio
aneiiao?ee oeeeea; (m – n?aaeiaa cia/aiea aiieeooaeu eanaoaeueiuo
iai?yaeaiee, IIa.
5.10 Ii?aaeaeaiea iauaai eiyooeoeeaioa caiana i?i/iinoe
6. Auai? oeia e?aieaiey aaea ia eieana.
?an/?o niaaeeiaiee.
6.1 Auai? iaoa?eaea
A ea/anoaa iaoa?eaea oiiiee i?eiai noaeue oaea?iaeenooth
iaueiiaaiiiai ea/anoaa No6, aeey eioi?ie aeiioneaaiia iai?yaeaiea ia
niyoea (((ni=70(100 IIa, aeiioneaaiia iai?yaeaiea ia n?ac
(((n?=0,6*(((ni=42 IIa
6.2 Aaiiao?e/aneea ?acia?u oiiiee
b=5 ii;
h=5 ii;
t1=3.0
ii;
t2=2.3
ii;
lo=lno2-(5(10)=28 ii,
aaea
lno2 – aeeeia nooieoeu, ii
lo – aeeeia oiiiee, ii
oiiiea 5(5(28 AINO 23360-78
6.3 I?iaa?ea oiiiee ia niyoea
, aaea O3 – e?ooyuee iiiaio ia aaeo N, I*i (oaaeeoea 2);
de – aeeaiao? aaea iiae eieani, ii;
h – aunioa oiiiee, ii;
b – oe?eia oiiiee, ii;
lo – aeeeia oiiiee, ii
aicuei?i n cae?oae?iiuie eiioeaie
lp=28-5=23 ii aa??i 20 ii
6.4 I?iaa?ea oiiiee ia n?ac
7. Auai? e aiaeec iinaaeie
Auae?aai iinaaeee
I?eiai iinaaeee niaeanii oaaeeoea 4
oaaeeoea 4
Auiieiei aiaeec iinaaeee I7/m6
7.2 Ii?aaeaeaiea i?aaeaeueiuo ioeeiiaiee ioaa?noee ia eieana
D=25 (I7) ES=+21 iei
EI=0 iei
7.3 Ii?aaeaeaiea i?aaeaeueiuo ioeeiiaiee aaea
d=25 (m6) es=+21 iei
ei=+8 iei
7.4 Ii?aaeaeaiea max cia/aiey iaoyaa
Nmax=es-EI=21-0=21 iei
7.5 Ii?aaeaeaiea max cia/aiey caci?a
Smax = ES-ei = 21-8=13 iei
7.6 Ii?aaeaeaiea aeiioneia
7.6.1. ia ioaa?noea
OD=ES=EI=21-0=21 iei
7.6.2 ia aae
Od=es-ei=21-8=13 iei
7.7 Ii?aaeaeaiea i?aaeaeueiuo ?acia?ia
Dmax=D+ES=25+0.021=25.021 ii
Dmin=D+EI=15 ii
dmax=d+es=25+0.021=25.021 ii
dmin=d+ei=25+0.008=25.008 ii
7.8 Iino?iei noaio aeiioneia
8. Auai? iooo. Auai? oieioiaiee.
Auai? iooou
Aicuei?i ioooo oi?oaoth aooei/ii-iaeueoeeaaoth (IOAI). Yoa ioooa
yaeyaony iaeaieaa ?ani?ino?ai?iiie ioooie n iaiaoaeee/aneeie oi?oaeie
yeaiaioaie – ?aceiie; iaeaaeaao oi?ioae yeanoe/iinoueth, aeaiioe?othuae
yeaeo?iecieyoeeiiiie niiniaiinoueth
A?auathuee iiiaio ia aaeo yeaeo?iaeaeaaoaey
I?e oaea?iie iaa?ocea i?eieiaai eiyooeoeeaio ?aaeeia ?aaiou iooou E=4
?an/?oiue a?auathuee iiiaio
8.1.4 Ii ii?iaee II-2096-64 auae?aai ioooo IOAI-16 (ni. oaae. 5)
oaaeeoea 5
d,
ii D,
ii L, ii D1,
ii z di,
ii li,
ii la,
ii (I?an( I*i (,.
?aae/n
13 90 84 58 4 10 19 15 31.4 660
8.1.5 I?iaa?yai iaeueoeu ia ecaea
8.1.6 I?iaa?yai ?aceiiaua aooeee ia niyoea
Aua?aiiay ioooa oaeiaeaoai?yao oneiaeth i?i/iinoe
Auai? oieioiaiee
Auaa?ai oieioiaiea iiaeoeiieeia ea/aiey a caaeneiinoe io ie?oaeiie
nei?inoe aaeia.
Aaaeouee aae
, aaea ( – oaeiaay nei?inoue aaaeouaai aaea, ?aae/n; d – aeeaiao?
auoiaeiiai eiioea aaaeouaai aaea, ii
Oae eae (1
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