E?EE A?Ae I?INOOAeE
Ua ia?oee ia?eii ioi?iie caei?ia(y ?in?? I. A. Naiaoei (1930) ia?acii
aiai?ea, ui caeiaoeny o?ceoeueoo?ith, iaoooth/e caaa?oiaoaaiiyi, — oea
ana iaeii ui, oe??iethth/e no?ie oi?oaoe? ia?aae ooo?iii, caeeoeoe
a?aee?eoeie ao?aei? aeaa??.
Caaa?oiaoaaiiy i?aai?cio — oea aeinooiiee, aeaoaaee ? aeineoue
aoaeoeaiee can?a i?io?eaeoeee i?inooaeieo caoai?thaaiue oa a?eio, ia
aeieth yeeo i?eiaaea? a?ey iieiaeie an?o aeiaaee?a oei/aniai? ao?aoe
i?aoeacaeaoiino? ? oei naiei iaiineoueny aaee/aciee iaoa??aeueiee caeoie
noni?euenoao.
Aeey caaa?oiaaieo ethaeae a?ei oa aino?? ?ani??aoi?i? caoai?thaaiiy
(A?C) — yaeua aeineoue ??aee?nia.
Oe?ethu? aeanoeaino? oieiaeii? oa eueiaeyii? aiaee a?aeii? aeaaii. Ua
e?ea?yie Ae?aaiueiai ?aeioo, A?aoe?? oa ?eio canoiniaoaaeinue eoiaiiy a
oieiaei?e aiae?. C ?iaiaie I?oaai?a, A?iie?aoa, Aneeai?y, Aioii?y Ioca
iaeo?ni?oei /eiii ca(ycai? i?iiaaaiaea oa aeei?enoaiiy oieiaeieo
aiaeyieo i?ioeaaeo? aeey icaei?iaeaiiy. Aei caaa?oiaoaaiiy i?aai?cio
aaeaaaany Aa?oeaiia, caeeeeaee e?ea?? oa iaaeaaiae a na?aaei? ? a
ianooii? a?ee. Ia ?on? caeaaia e?eoaaee oieiaeiith aiaeith. A O?O
noie?oo? cia/ia iioe?aiiy io?eiaei canoinoaaiiy oieiaeii? aiaee a yeino?
e?eoaaeueiiai oa aa?ooth/iai caniao. Oeueiio ni?eyea i?iiaaaiaeenonueea
ae?yeuei?noue n?eacueeiai naeyieia A?ioeaioa I??ni?oea ? eiai
ni?aa?o/eciee?a: i?ioani?a A?ioa??oea — a ia?o?e iieiaei? O?O noie?ooy,
a a ae?oa?e — ia?iaeiiai e?ea?y Naaanoueyia Eiaeia, i??caaiiai
“aiinoieii oieaeii? aiaee”.
Oi/a i?i ei?enoue caaa?oiaoaaiiy oieiaeiith aiaeith aiai?eeiny ?
ienaeiny a?eueo i?ae aeinoaoiuei, ia aeaiee /an i?aeoe/i? oni?oe a oe?e
iaeano? aeoaea iae? ? /enei i?inooaeieo caoai?thaaiue ia cieaeo?oueny, a
ia? oaiaeaioe?th ?inoo, ia aeeaey/enue ia cia/i? coneeey iaoeo iaaeee?a.
Aaeaea ia?aoieiaeaeaiiy i?aai?cio, ia aieiae?th/iai aenieith noai?iith
no?eeino? aei oieiaeo, a?ae?a?a? aeaeaei ia inoaiith ?ieue o aeieeiaii?
a?eiicieo caoai?thaaiue (iaeneioi caoai?thaaiue i?eiaaea? ia
in?iiuei-ceiia? i?nyoe?, oiaoi a ia??iae, yeee oa?aeoa?eoo?oueny
iecueeeie oaiia?aoo?aie). Iaoa??aeuei? aeo?aoe noni?euenoaa, iia(ycai?
o?eueee c oeei caoai?thaaiiyi, aaee/aci?. Iiynieoe i?e?iaeo oeueiai
yaeua iiaeeeai /anoeiai oei, ui caaoaee i?inoee ? ioae?ee can?a
caaa?oiaoaaiiy — iaeeaaiiy oieiaeiith aiaeith, iaeiae aieiaia i?e/eia
caeeth/a?oueny a iae?e aoaeoeaiino? o?aaeeoe?eieo iaoiae?a
caaa?oiaoaaiiy.
sse a?aeiii, a ?nioth/eo ?aeiiaiaeaoe?yo caaa?oiaoaaiiy oieiaeiith
aiaeith ii/eiaoe i?ioeaaeo?e i?iiiio?oueny c iaeeaaiiy oaieith aiaeith
(32-330 N), cieaeoth/e oaiia?aoo?o aiaee ia 10N /a?ac 1-2 aei?. ?
o?eueee /a?ac o?eaaeee /an (1,5 — 2 i?nyoe? ? a?eueoa) iiaeia i?enooiaoe
aei oieiaeieo i?ioeaaeo?, yeui ethaeeia caei?iaa ? ia ineaaeaia.
Ana a?eueoa e?euee?noue niaoe?ae?no?a aaaaeathoue, ui oaea iaoiaeeea
naaa ia ii?aaaeiao?. Oae, A. A. N??a??a (1967) aeaco?, ui “ca?aeii
iiaiio oyaeaiith, ii?? aei oieiaeo iio??aii ii/eiaoe ae?iaeyoe i?ae
ae??th oieiaeo, c iinooiiaei ca?eueoaiiyi o?eaaeino? i?ioeaaeo?.
Iai?eeeaae, ii/aaoe ia?oa iaeeaaiiy oieiaeiith aiaeith ii iiyn ia
i?ioyc? 2-3 n, ne?ae ia?iuoaaoe eiai o?eaae?noue ii 1 n a aeaiue”.
“I?aeoeea n?i(? I?e?o?ieo, /eneaiieo eeoa?a ethaeoae?a ceiiaiai ieaaaiiy
oaeiae caiaaiy?, ui “aeae?th/a” iaoiaeeea caaa?oiaoaaiiy a?aeaeeea na?e
a?e” (A. A. N??a??a, 1974).
I?i canoiniaoaai? iaoiaee caaa?oiaoaaiiy N. A. O?oa?inueeee (1972)
neacaa ianooiia: “Ianoaa /an ia?aaeyiooe o?aaeeoe?ei? iaoiaeeee
caaa?oiaoaaiiy ye iaaoaeoeai?, ? ?aoaeuei?oa aea/eoe iaa?iiaaeaeaiee
aeina?ae aiooc?ano?a iao?aaeeoe?eieo iaoiae?a caaa?oiaoaaiiy”.
Ioaea, ia iinooiiao cieaeaiiy oaiia?aoo?e aiaee, a ae?y ia i?aai?ci
a?ae?aco oieiaeiith aiaeith. Ca?eueooaaoe iio??aii o?eueee /an iaeeaaiiy
oa ieiuo c?iooaaiiy o?ea.
Aeine?aee ?. A. A?oaanueeiai (1990) iieacaee, ui ca ei?ioeee /an (a?ae
10 n aei 1-2 oa) o?ei ethaeeie ia anoeoa? ia?aioieiaeeoeny, caoa
i?iaoaeaeo?oueny ana ia?aiaa nenoaia, aeoeaii aeeth/athoueny
oa?ii?aaoeyoi?e i?aai?cio.
Iaeeaaoenue aeioe?eueii iiai?noth c aieiaith. *oaeiaee e?ea?, Ieoaeei
Eiiianueeee, aiaaiaiee iine?aeiaiee oieiaeii? aiaee, yeee i?aeoeeoaaa o
aini?oaeyo aiaeie?eoaaiiy, a?aei?/aa, ui iio??aia o?eueee neea ?
iaiioeoi?noue aeaai? aie? ? oieiaei? oe?ethu? no?oiai? eieiaeycueii?
e?eooaeaai? aiaee, ye?, c?iooth/e c aieiae aei i?a, eiaeiiio cae??ieyoue
caei?ia(y o an?o a?aeiineiao.
Aeey oeo, eiio aaaeei iaeeaaoeny iiai?noth, iiaeia ii/eiaoe c i?a (oi/a
a c eie?i). sseui ? oea aaaeei ?iaeooe, oi iiaeia ii/eiaoe oi/a a c?
nooii?a. Aieiaia, ia aiyoenue ? i?iaiaeeoe i?ioeaaeo?e iaeeaaiiy, ia
ia?a?eaath/e ?o i? ia iaeei aeaiue.
Aieiaiee e?eoa??e o?eaaeino? i?ioeaaeo?e — iniaeno? a?ae/oooy, iaeiae
o?eaae?noue i?ioeaaeo?e ia iiaeiia ia?aaeuoaaoe 1-2 oaeeeie. Ia o?aaa
“oaaeeoeny” oieiaeiith aiaeith, ia o?aaa noaaeoe i?yeeo ?aei?ae?a!
O?eaae?noue i?ioeaaeo?e — ni?aaa ?iaeea?aeoaeueia. Aeey i???ioe?o ana ae
iiaeia aeacaoe ii/aoeiaee /an iaeaaaiiy — 5-10 n. Aaeaea aieiaia ooo
iaa?oue ia aa?ooth/a ae?y oieiaeii? aiaee, a aeoea?caoe?y oeaio?aeueii?
ia?aiai? nenoaie. ?. I. Iaaeia iaoai?ci aeaaiae?eiiai aieeao oieiaeo ia
i?aai?ci iiynithaaa “no?onii ia?aiaeo ee?oei”, ??ceith ae??th ia
oeaio?aeueio ia?aiao nenoaio.
Iiooaeia, aea ei?ioei/ania aeica oieiaeo i?eaiaeeoue aei iineeaiiy a
i?aai?ci? i?ioean?a iai?io ?a/iaei. A oea, a naith /a?ao, aaaea aei
ae?iaeyiiy ana?aaeei? eiai i?aeaeuaii? aeice oaiea. Oiio i?ney iaeeaaiiy
oieiaeiith aiaeith ia ?aeiiaiaeo?oueny ?icoe?aoe o?ei, a iio??aii
o?eueee i?inooeoe eiai. sseui o?eo ana ae oieiaeii (ia?oee /an aeaeiee
oaea iiaea niinoa??aaoenue), oi ne?ae c?iaeoe ca?yaeeo /e iia?aaoe. TH.
I. *onia (1985) ?aaeeoue i?iaiaeeoe ?icieieo i?ney eoiaiiy a oieiaei?e
aiae?.
I?ae ae??th oieiaeieo ?iioeuen?a a?aeaoaa?oueny noeioeyoe?y aiaeie?eiieo
caeic, ui aaaea aei i?aeaeuaiiy ?aaeoeaiino? i?aai?cio, oiaoi
iia?e?caoe?? an?o eiai caoenieo nee.
Aeine?aee A. E. Iiaeoeaye?ia, ?. A. Eae?i (1986) iieacaee, ui aieiaiith
i?e/eiith aeieeiaiiy i?inooaeieo caoai?thaaiue yaey?oueny ia neeueia,
??cea ae?y oieiaeo, a niia?eueiaia, neaaea ioieiaeaeaiiy /anoeie oe??ii?
iiaa?oi?. Ei?ioe? aea ??ce? ia?aiaaee oaiia?aoo? (19-150N) i?ecaiaeyoue
aei oaeaeeiai a?aeiiaeaiiy oaiia?aoo?e ioieiaeaeaii? ae?eueieoe?.
Ca aeaieie A. A. Oieueai?oa (1962), /ei oaeaeoa cae?enith?oueny o?aoa
oaieiai? aia?a?e i?aaio, nenoaie /e i?aai?cio i?e i(ycia?e ae?yeueiino?,
oei oaeaeoa a?aeaoaathoueny a?aeiiai? i?ioeane a ieo.
Iaaeinoaoiy ?ioaineai?noue ? iao?eaaeee /an ae?? oieiaeo ia i?ecaiaeyoue
aei ae?iaeyiiy no?eeeo aaeaioeaieo i?ioean?a i?enoinoaaiiy aei
ioieiaeaeaiiy ye o ethaeeie, oae ? o oaa?ei.
I?aeoeea oaeiae i?aeoaa?aeaeo?, ui ei?iei/ania ??cea ae?y oieiaeiiai
iaaaioaaeaiiy i?e iaeeaaii? aiaeith a?eueo o?c?ieia?/ia, i?ae iinooiiaa
cieaeaiiy oaiia?aoo?e aiaee ia 1, 2, 3 0N ? a?eueoa. Aei ?a/?, oaea
iaoiaeeea iinooiiaiai cieaeaiiy oaiia?aoo?e aiaee aeoaea neeaaeia a
aeiiaoi?o oiiaao ? aei oiai ae neaai a?aoiaioiaaia, ui iineoaeeei
i?e/eiith e?eoe/iiai a?aeiioaiiy aei ia?.
O iaieaii? ethaeeie o niiei? i?e??no iai?iieo i?ioean?a i?e iiieaeaii?
ciai?oiuei? oaiia?aoo?e ia 10N neeaaea? 10%, a i?e ?ioaineaiiio
ioieiaeaeaii? aiie iiaeooue c?inoe o o?e ?ace a ii??aiyii? c ??aiai
iniiaiiai iai?io.
O ae?aiacii? oaiia?aoo?e o?ea a?ae 36-370N aei 32-300N aeoea?co?oueny
?yae ooieoe?iiaeueieo nenoai. Ca?eueoo?oueny eaaaiaaa aaioeeyoe?y ca
?aooiie ye i?enei?aiiy aeeoaiiy, oae ? eiai iiaeeaeaiiy. C?inoa?
niiaeeaaiiy eenith i?aai?ciii. Ca?eueoaiiy eaaaiaai? aaioeeyoe?? oa
aaciiai?io i?ecaiaeeoue aei c?inoaiiy iai?oae eenith e?ia? a
a?oa??aeuei?e nenoai? ? eiai cieaeaiiy o aaiici?e. ?inoa ai?no
aaiiaeia?io ? e?euee?noue a?eo?ioeeo?a.
Oieiaeiaa ae?y aeeeeea? caoaeaiiy noaeei oe??e, cieaeaiiy eiaeiiai
e?iaioieo ? oaieii?ia?aeiino? oe??e. I?ae?aoiaaii, ui iaeneiaeueia
caoaeaiiy oe??ieo noaeei iiaea i?aeaeuoaaoe oaiei?cieyoe?th i?aai?cio a
4 ?ace.
I?e ?ioaineaiiio ioieiaeaeaii?, ii?yae ?c caoaeaiiyi noaeei oe??e, ia?
i?noea ? ?o ?icoe?aiiy. Oea oae caaia oieiaeiaa aaciaeeeaoaoe?y. I?e
oeueiio oaiia?aoo?a oe??e nii/aoeo cieaeo?oueny, aea /a?ac 3-5 oa
ca?eueoo?oueiny ca ?aooiie ?icoe?aiiy oe??ieo noaeei. O neaeeoieo i(ycao
c?inoa? i(ycaaee e?iaioie, yeee iiaea ca?eueooaaoeny a 5-9 ?ac?a,
ei?iia?iee e?iaioie iaa?oue noa? a?eueo ?ioaineaiei i?e oieiaeiaiio
iaaaioaaeaii?. Oea ni?ey? aaeaeaaoiiio e?iaiiinoa/aiith na?oeaaiai
i(yca.
O o?aiiaaieo aei oieiaeo in?a i?aeaeuo?oueny ooee?caoe?y eenith c
iia?o?y, ui aaeeoa?oueny, ciaioo?oueny aeia?iaoaaeueia ? eiiaaeoeaia
oaieia?aeaea/a, a oea ciaioo? ?ecee oieiaeiaiai o?aaeaiiy i?aai?a
aeeoaiiy.
Ca ?aooiie cieaeaiiy oaieiao?ao aia?aaoe/ia iio?aaa i?aeo?eiaiiy
oaiia?aoo?e o caaa?oiaaii? ethaeeie cieaeo?oueny a na?aaeiueiio ia 20%.
Aaaeeeai a?aei?oeoe, ui i?aeaeuaiith oaieii?iaeoeoe?? i?aai?cio ni?ey? ?
nei?i/oaaeueia ae?yeuei?noue i(yc?a. Ae?eaeaiiy aeeeeea? aeiaeaoeiaa
ae?iaeaiiy oaiea, a nai i?ioean i(yciaiai nei?i/aiiy aeeth/a? a ?iaioo
oae caai? i(ycia? ianine (I. ?. A??i/ei, 1984), ye? a naith /a?ao
iieaaoothoue ?iaioo na?oey, oae ye nai? aeeiiothoue ooieoe?th na?oeaaiai
nei?i/aiiy. Caaaeueiii?eeiyoa aeoiea, ui ae?eaeaiiy — iaaeaaiae?eiee
/eiiee i?e caaa?oiaoaaii?, ne?ae ia?aaeyiooe. sseui ni?aaa ae?eoea aei
ae?eaeaiiy, a oea o caaa?oiaaieo ethaeae aoaa? cia/ii ??aeoa, i?ae o
i?inoeo ethaeae, oi iniaeeai? iaaaciaee a oeueiio iaia?. Cae/aeii, ia
aaaeaii, uia ae?eaeaiiy c(yaeeiny yeiiiaa i?ci?oa, ia ii?ic?.
A i(ycao o?aiiaaieo aei oieiaeo ethaeae iii?/a?oueny i?aeaeuaiiy
a?iaeaeo?e/ii? aeoeaiino? aac ?icaeoeo iai?oaeaiiy naieo i(yc?a.
Aeine?ae a?iaeaeo?e/ieo i?ioean?a iieaco?, ui i?e oeueiio i?aeaeuo?oueny
oiion noaeei ? cieaeo?oueny oaieia?aeaea/a.
O aaeaioiaaii? ethaeeie cia/ii ci?ith?oueny ooieoe?iioaaiiy “oieiaeiaeo”
oi/ie, oa?ii?aoeaioi??a oe??e. I?ioean oa?ii?aaoeyoe?? noa? a?eueo
aeiiiiiei ? aeineiiaeei. Ua iio??aii aeynieoe, /iio /enei oaeeo oi/ie
cieaeo?oueny: iiaeeeai, ia?ao?ae aei a?eueo oaieiai niiniao aeeooy,
aeei?enoaiiy iaeyao ethaeeiith, ?icaeioee a i?aai?ci? aeiaeaoeia?
i?eniiniaeaiiy (a aeaiiio aeiaaeeo oea oi/ee), ia caaaeaee iaiao?aei?.
Нашли опечатку? Выделите и нажмите CTRL+Enter
