Экономика

Aeeao 1.

1. Iiiyoea e nouiinoue ia?eaoeiaa.

Aiai?eoue i nouiinoe ia?eoeiaa aeinoaoi/ii neiaeii: a iaoe?iie caiaaeiie
e ioa/anoaaiiie eeoa?aoo?a niaea?aeeony ianeieueei nioai ii?aaeaeaiee
yoiai iiiyoey. Oa?iei ia?eaoeia (I) iiyaeeny ia ?oaaaea 19-20 aaeia.

Iiaiey aia?eeaineeo niaoeeaeenoia ia I. Iaiueoay /anoue n/eoaao, /oi I –
nenoaia ?uii/iuo oiaa?ii-aeaiaaeiuo ioiioaiee oi?aiaie aeayoaeueiinoe.
Aieueoay /anoue: I – auiieiaiea ooieoeee i?aaei?eyoey, naycaiiuo n
?aaeecaoeeae oiaa?ia e oneoa, aeayoaeueiinoue a iaeanoe eco/aiey ?uiea,
?aeeaia, noeioee?iaaiea nauoa, iieeoeea oeai, i?aaiecaoeey e oi?aaeaiea
oiaa?iaeaeaeaieai e iineai?iaeaaeiia ianeoaeeaaiea iio?aaeoaey. Aua
/anoue ae?ocae n/eoaao, /oi I – aaaeouay ooieoeey oi?aaeaiey,
ii?aaeaeythuay ia oieueei ?uii/ioth, ii e i?iecaiaenoaaiioth iieeoeeo
i?aaei?eyoey. I – neiaeiay e aeeiaie/iay nenoaia, iaania/eaathuay
?uii/ioth i?eaioaoeeth oi?aaeaiey.

Eeanne/aneia ii?aaeaeaiea I – i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneay aeayoaeueiinoue,
eioi?ay oi?aaeyao i?iaeaeaeaieai oiaa?ia e oneoa io i?iecaiaeeoaey e
iio?aaeoaeth eee iieueciaaoaeth.

Eee I – nioeeaeueiue i?ioeann, iin?aaenoaii eioi?iai i?iaiice?oaony,
?anoe?yaony e oaeiaeaoai?yaony ni?in ia oiaa?u e oneoae iin?aaenoaii eo
?ac?aaioee, i?iaeaeaeaiey e ?aaeecaoeee.

Iaaeinoaoie ii?aaeaeaiey – i?aoaaee/aiiia cia/aiea i?iaeaeaeaiey.

Ia?eaoeia – yoi nenoaia oi?aaeaiey, i?e eioi?ie a iniiaa i?eiyoey
?aoaiey eaaeeo eioi?iaoeey i ?uiea, a i?aaeeueiinoue yoeo ?aoaiee
i?iyaeyaony a ?acoeueoaoao ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoeoeee.

Nouanoaotho o?e iiaeaee ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoeoeee.

I?iecaiaenoaaiiay Nauoiaay Ia?eaoeiaiaay

1. Enoiaeiay neooaoeey

?uiie iieoiaoaeae

2. Nin?aaeioi/aiea ia:

aioo?ei?iecaiaenoaaiiuo i?iaeaiao eiieo?aioiie ai?ueaa e
aioo?ei?iecaiaenoaaiiuo i?iaeaiao aeieain?i/iia nin?aaeioi/aiea ia
iieoiaoaeyo

3. I?iaeaiu

i?iecaiaenoaa: iaeneiaeueiue au-ione iiaaaea a eiieo?aioiie ai?ueaa
iaania/aiea i?i/iiai iieiaeaiey oe?iu ia aeeeoaeueiue n?ie aeaaiaea?y
aeiaieueiui iieoiaoaeyi

4. No?aoaaey ia ?uiea

“?ani?aaeaeaiea”

i?iecaiaenoai – ?ani?aaeaeaiea – iio?aaeaiea “Nauo”

i?iecaiaenoai – nauo – iio?aaeaiea (aa?anneaiia oeaiiia?aciaaiea)
“Ia?eaoeia”

iio?aaiinoe iio?aaeoaeae – i?iecaiaenoai – nauo – iio?aaeaiea

Ia?ac?uaii n iiiyoeai nouiinoe ia?eaoeiaa naycaii iiiyoea ia?eaoeiaiaia
iuoeaiea:

1. Ooiaeaiaio i?i/iiai iieiaeaiea eaaeaeiai i?aaei?eyoey iniiaai ia
iio?aaiinoyo eeeaioa: “Aac eeeaioa iao ?uiea, a aac ?uiea iao
i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa”.

2. Oeaiiinoue ?uiea auoa oeaiiinoe oe?iu: ”Aeaaeathuee oe?iie ianao
?anoiaeu, aeaaeathuee ?uieii iieo/aao aeioiaeu”.

3. Eeeaio caeioa?aniaai a ?aoaiee i?iaeaai: ”Iao iieuecu – iao
oeaiiinoe; iao oeaiiinoe – iao aeaiaa”.

4. Ianooaa ea/anoaa – ioeaiea eeeaioa: ”*a?aye aeieaeai i?aaeoueny ?uaa,
a ia ?uaieiao”.

5. Iiaeii i?iaoaeaeaoue iio?aaiinoe, ii ec iaeuecy nicaeaoue:
”Aoaeeeueiee iiaeao ?acaoaeeoue oiai, eoi eaaeeo a iinoaee”.

6. Iaiaoiaeeii aeaenoaiaaoue, a ia aeaeaoue: ”Aeoeaiia e eioaineaiia
iaeeaeaiea ie/aai ia aeaao”.

Ia?eaoeia – yoi iaoea i i?ioeannao, i?ienoiaeyueo ia ?uiea, i oaeoi?ao,
eioi?ua aeeytho ia ?uii/iua i?ioeannu. Ia?eaoeia – yoi /aeiaa/aneay
aeayoaeueiinoue, oae eee eia/a eiathuay ioiioaiea e ?uieo, oeaeue
eioi?ie –oaeiaeaoai?aiea /aeiaa/aneeo ioaeae e iio?aaiinoae.

17. Iniiaiua ninoaaeythuea no?aoaaee. Eo oa?aeoa?enoeea.

1. Oi?ioee?iaea oeaeae oe?iu.

2. Ii?aaeaeaiea iioaioeeaeueiuo iio?aaeoaeae.

3. I?aaiecaoeey i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai i?ioeanna.

4. ?ac?aaioea iaoiaeia aeinoaaee i?iaeoeoeee iio?aaeoaeyi.

5. Eiio?ieue e aiaeec i?iaiaeeiuo ia?ii?eyoee.

1) N oeaeueth ii?aaeaeaiey oeaeae oe?iu iia aeieaeia au?aaioaoue
i?eioeeiu naiaai aeaeueiaeoaai ?acaeoey – no?aoaaeth ?inoa. Iaaei
ii?aaeaeeoue ianoi oe?iu ia ?uiea.

Iao?eoea no?aoaaee ?inoa:

?uiee Nouanoaothuea Iiaua

Oiaa?u Aa?iyoiinoue oniaoa, % Ecaea?aeee, % Aa?iyoiinoue oniaoa, %
Ecaea?aeee, %

Nouano-aothuea Eioaineaiia aiaae?aiea ia ?uiie ?anoe?aiea a?aieoe ?uiea

50 100 20 400

Iiaua ?anoe?aiee anni?oeiaio Aeeaa?neoeeaoeey

30-35 800 5 1200-1600

Iaiaoiaeeii noaaeoue aeaa aii?ina: eaeao ee ?a/ue i iiaii ecaeaeee e
anee oniaoii i?iaeaaony, oi iiaeii ee aeoeaece?iaaoue i?iaeaaee.

Aeeaa?neoeeaoeey – oaaee/aiea eiee/anoaa iaeiaiiaaoee oiaa?ia e oneoa
(ia CeEa auioneaee oieiaeeeueieee).

No?aoaaey eiieo?aioeee:

Eeaea?noai ii oeaiai ?aoaiea i?iaeaiu

Ia?aaioea aieueoiai naaiaioa ?uiea 1. Eeaea?noai ii ?anoiaeai e oeaiai
2. Aeeooa?aioeeaoeey – ?aoaiea i?iaeai aieueoeo naaiaioia

3. Naeaeoeaiay ia?aaioea ?uiea

Ia?aaioea iaeiai naaiaioa ?uiea Eeaea?noai ii oeaiai a naaiaioa
I?aaeeiaeaiea n?aaenoa ?aoaiey i?iaeai a naaiaioa

Aeey e?oiiuo oe?i:

1. E?oiiay oe?ia eee iauaaeeiaiea iiaeao caaiaaaoue ?uiie iooai auionea
e nauoa aieueoiai eiee/anoaa oiaa?a ii ioiineoaeueii ieceei oeaiai.

2. I?iaeoeoeey oe?iu eiaao iniaua naienoaa (aa?aioey, na?aen, oeaao…).

Ia aeey e?oiiuo oe?i:

3. Naeaeoeaiay ia?aaioea ?uiea ia iaeuo naaiaioao- eoaea ia i?iieeatho
e?oiiua oe?iu.

(138. Iniiaiua yeaiaiou ia?eaoeiaiaie no?aoaaee.)

Ia?eaoeiaiaay no?aoaaey(IN) oi?ie?oaony ia iniiaa aiaeeca ?uii/iie
neooaoeee.

IN – yoi eiiieaen i?eaiia, n iiiiuueth eioi?uo i?aaei?eyoea oi?ie?oao
oeaee ia?eaoeiaa e i?aaiecoao ?aaeecaoeeth yoeo oeaeae ia ?uiea.

Au?aaioea IN – aeaaiay caaea/a ooieoeeiie?iaaiey ia?eaoeiaiaiai
iaoaiecia.

Yeaiaiou ia?eaoeiaa:

1. I?iaeoeo,

2. Oeaia,

3. I?iaeaeaeaiea i?iaeoeoeee,

4. Aeinoaaea iio?aaeoaeyi.

O?aaiaaiey e IN:

1. ?aaeeci,

2. Aeueoa?iaoeaiinoue auai?a,

3. *aoeinoue, yniinoue, iiiyoiinoue,

4. Aeaeinoue,

5. A?aiaiiay ii?aaeaeaiiinoue(aeieai/e?aoein?i/iay).

Iniiaiua yeaiaiou ia?eaoeiaiaie no?aoaaee:

1. Oi?ioee?iaaiea oeaeae oe?iu (iiae?acoieaaao au?aaioeo i?eioeeiia
naiaai aeaeueiaeoaai ?acaeoey, ii?aaeaeaiey ianoa ia ?uiea);

2. Ii?aaeaeaiea iioaioeeaeueiuo iio?aaeoaeae;

3. I?aaiecaoeey i?iecaiaenoaa, i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai i?ioeanna;

4. ?ac?aaioea iaoiaeia aeinoaaee i?iaeoeoa iieoiaoaeyi;

5. Eiio?ieue e aiaeec i?iecaaaeaiiuo ia?ii?eyoee.

24. Eiiieaeniia enneaaeiaaiea ?uiea.

Ia?eaoeiaiaua enneaaeiaaiey – yoi nenoaiaoe/aneia ii?aaeaeaiea e?oaa
aeaiiuo, iaiaoiaeeiuo a nayce ni noiyuae ia?aae oe?iie ia?eaoeiaiaie
neooaoeeae, eo nai?, aiaeec e io/ao i ?acoeueoaoao. Iie iiae?acoiaaatho
iauaeoeaiue nai?, ?aaeno?aoeeth e aiaeec anao oaeoia ii i?iaeaiai,
ioiinyueiny e i?iaeaaea e ia?aiauaieth oiaa?ia e oneoa io i?iecaiaeeoaey
e iio?aaeoaeth.

I?e iiiiue eiiieaeniiai ia?eaoeiaiaiai enneaaeiaaiey ?aoathony
neaaeothuea caaea/e: eco/aiea oa?aeoa?enoee ?uiea, iioaioeeaeueiuo aai
aiciiaeiinoae, aiaeec ?ani?aaeaeaiey aeieae ?uiea iaaeaeo oe?iaie,
aiaeec nauoa, eco/aiea oaiaeaioeee aeaeiaie aeoeaiinoe, eco/aiea oiaa?ia
eiieo?aioia, e?aoein?i/iia i?iaiice?iaaiea, eco/aiea ?aaeoeee ia iiaue
oiaa? e aai iioaioeeaea, aeieain?i/iia i?iaiice?iaaiea, eco/aiea
iieeoeee oeai.

Aeai?eoi ia?eaoeiaiaiai enneaaeiaaiey aeeth/aao:

– Ii?aaeaeiea i?iaeaiu,

– Aiaeec aoi?e/iie e ia?ae/iie eioi?iaoeee,

– Aiaeec iieo/aiiuo aeaiiuo,

– Au?aaioea niioaaonoothueo ?aeiiaiaeaoeee,

– Eniieueciaaiea iieo/aiiuo ?acoeueoaoia,

– ?aaeecaoeey ?aeiiaiaeaoeee.

Iniaaiiinoe ia?eaoeiaiaiai enneaaeiaaiey:

– Iinoiyinoai e nenoaiaoe/iinoue,

– Eiiieaeniinoue, o.a. aeeth/aiea a iaai nai?a, ?aaeno?aoeee e aiaeeca,

– Iiiaeanoaaiiinoue enoi/ieeia eioi?iaoeee,

– Oieaa?naeueiinoue, o.a. i?eiaieiinoue ethaie ninoaaiie /anoe
ia?eaoeiaa.

?acoeueoaou ia?eaoeiaiauo enneaaeiaaiee eniieuecothony iaiaaeaea?aie n
oeaeueth oiaiueoaiey iaii?aaeaeaiiinoe e ?enea i?e i?eiyoee
oi?aaeai/aneeo ?aoaiee.

Noa?u e aeaeu ia?eaoeiaiauo enneaaeiaaiee:

?aeeaia:

– enneaaeiaaiea iio?aaeoaeueneeo iioeaaoeee,

– eco/aiea n?aaenoa ?aeeaiu,

– eco/aiea yooaeoeaiinoe ?aeeaiiuo iauyaeaiee,

Nauo e ?uiee:

– aiaeec ?ai?aaeaeaiey aeieae ?uiea iaaeaeo oe?iaie,

– eco/aiea oa?aeoa?enoee ?uiea,

– aiaeec nauoa,

– eco/aiea eaiaeia ?ani?aaeaeaiey,

– eco/aiea no?aoaaee noeioee?iaaiey nauoa,

?ac?aaioea oiaa?ia:

– eco/aiea ?aaeoeee ia iiaue oiaa? e aai iioaioeeaea,

– eco/aiea oiaa?ia eiieo?aioia,

– oanoe?iaaiea oiaa?ia,

Eiiia?/aneay aeayoaeueiinoue e aa yeiiiie/aneee aiaeec:

– e?aoein?i/iia i?iaiice?iaaiea,

– aeieain?i/iia i?iaiice?iaaiea,

– eco/aiea iieeoeee oeai,

– eco/aiea oiaa?iie iiiaieeaoo?u,

– eco/aiea iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo ?uieia.

49. Aeaeu oeaiiaie iieeoeee.

No?aoaaey i?aaei?eyoey a /anoe oeai yaeyaony aeayoaeueiinoueth, eioi?ay
naycaia n iai?a?uaiui i?ioeannii ei??aeoe?iaaiey. No?aoaaeth
oeaiiia?aciaaiey iaiaoiaeeii ia?aniao?eaaoue:

1. Eiaaea nicaeaaony iiaay i?iaeoeoeey.

2. Eiaaea i?iaeoeoeey nia?oainoaoaony.

3. Eiaaea iaiyaony eiieo?aioiay n?aaea ia ?uiea.

4. Eiaaea oiaa? i?ioiaeeo ?aciua noaaeee aeeciaiiiai oeeeea.

5. Eiaaea iaiythony ecaea?aeee i?iecaiaenoaa.

?ac?aaioeo oeaiiaie no?aoaaee ineiaeiyao:

1. Iaiaoiaeeiinoue /anoie niaiu oeai.

2. O?oaeiinoue iauynieoue iieoiaoaeyi i?e/eio eciaiaiey oeai.

3. I?eiyoea ?aoaiey i oeaiiaie iieeoeee aac aeaoaeueiiai eco/aiey
?uii/iie neooaoeee.

4. Yeanoe/iue ni?in.

5. I?iaeaiu oe?iu, naycaiiua n eciaiaieai caeiiiaeaoaeueiie aacu
oeaiiia?aciaaiey.

Aa?eiou no?aoaaee oeai:

1. I?eaioaoeey ia oaeouaa iieiaeaiea.

Oe?ia no?aieony e noaaeeueiiio iieiaeaieth ia ?uiea. Oeaiiia?aciaaiea
i?eaioe?oaony ia i?aaeioa?auaiea niaaea a i?iecaiaenoaa. No?aoiaaiea io
iaaaoeaiiai aicaeaenoaey aiaoiae n?aaeu (iaiaaeaea?u noa?athony ie n eai
ia nni?eoueny). ?aeeaia, nicaeaiea eieaeaea.

I?eaiu oeaiiia?aciaaiey:

a) No?aoaaey aeaeeo oeai.

a) No?aoaaey iaie?oaeaiiuo oeai:

10,1 – iai?aaeeueiay oeaia,

9,98 – i?aaeeueiay oeaia. Oeeo?u 9 e 8 eiatho ineoieiae/aneia aeaenoaea;

a) No?aoaaey eueaioiuo oeai:

– i?iaeaaea a ?ann?i/eo,

– neeaeea ca ?aaoey?iinoue iieoiee,

– neeaeea a nayce n i?acaeieeii.

2. I?eaioaoeey ia nauo.

2.1. Nauoue eae iiaeii aieueoa.

2.2. Iieo/aiea max niaieoiiie i?eauee io oaaee/aiey iauaia i?iaeaae.

2.3. Nie?auaiea ecaea?aeae i?e aieueoii iauaia ?aaeecaoeee.

I?eaiu oeaiiia?aciaaiey.

I?iieeathuay ?uii/iay oeaia. I?eaioe?iaaia ia max oaaee/aiea iauaia
i?iaeaae. Iniiaiia oneiaea – aunieay yeanoe/iinoue ni?ina. Anee oe?ia
eiaao /aoeee i?iaiic nieaeaiey ecaea?aeae ia i?iecaiaenoai e
?aaeecaoeeth.

3. I?eaioaoeey ia i?eaueue.

Max-oeey i?eauee.

3.1. Iieo/aiea max i?eauee ca ei?ioeee n?ie, a iioii cae?uoea oe?iu.

3.2. Ieaie?iaaiea aeayoaeueiinoe oe?iu n max i?eaueueth ia aeeeoaeueiue
ia?eiae a?aiaie.

Eniieuecothony i?anoeaeiua oeaiu. Oeaia aeey iieoiaoaeae, ioaeathueo
i?aaeii/oaiea ea/anoao, na?aeno, oieeaeueiinoe. Eiiaaea ia 1 yoaia
onoaiaaeeaaaony aunieay i?anoeaeiay oeaia, eioi?ay nicaeaao eieaeae
oiaa?a. Ia 2 yoaia – oeaia i?iieeiiaaiey. Oaeiaeaoai?ea i?anoeaeiuo
iieoiaoaeae oe?ia nieaeaao oeaio e onoaiaaeeaaao oeaio ianniaiai
i?iieeiiaaiey. Aiciiaeia eiiiainaoeeiiiay oeaia. Oeaia aunieiai o?iaiy,
eioi?ay eniieuecoaony i?e ieceie yeanoe/iinoe ni?ina. Eniieuecoaony aeey
no?aoaaee niyoey neeaie. ?aaeecoaony i?e iacia/eoaeueiie eiieo?aioeee,
eee i?e aa ionoonoaee.

Ie?iaay oeaia – iaeaieaa yooaeoeaiay oeaia, o.e. iia iaeaieaa iieii
ioaa/aao iauanoaaiii iaiaoiaeeiui cao?aoai o?oaea, iaiaoiaeeiui aeey aa
i?iecaiaenoaa. Iia iauaeoeaia.

78. Niaoeeoeea i?aeoeee ia?eaoeiaiaiai eiio?iey a ?O.

Cia/eoaeueiay o?ainoi?iaoeey i?ienoiaeeo a niaea?aeaiee, oi?iao e
iaoiaeao eiio?iey a iaoae no?aia ii ia?a oaeoaeaiey e ?anoe?aiey
yeiiiie/aneeo ?aoi?i, ia?aoiaea e ?uii/iie yeiiiieea, oi?acaeiaiey
cai?aoia ia iaainoaea?noaaiiua oi?iu nianoaaiiinoe, eciaiaiey ii?yaeea
aeaaeaiey i?iecaiaeeiuie iaoa?eaeueiuie aeaaaie e oneoaaie, iio?aaeaiey,
?ani?aaeaeaiey e eniieueciaaiey.

Aanueia yia?ae/ii o ian inouanoaeyaony eiio?ieue ca aeayoaeueiinoueth
o/?aaeaeaiee e?aaeeoiie nenoaiu, iniaaiii aaieia. Ii aeey ?aoaiey
i?iaeai ia?eaoeiaa eeth/aaia cia/aiea eiaao i?aaiecaoeey iiiaiieaiiaiai,
iineaaeiaaoaeueiiai e ouaoaeueiiai aioo?aiiaai eiio?iey, aac e-ai
o?oaeii aunoiyoue ia ?uiea a ai?ueaa n eiieo?aioaie.

A oie eee eiie ia?a a ethaie ?inneeneie oe?ia eiaao ianoi aioo?aiiee
eiio?ieue, aunooiathuee eae nenoaia ia?, iaania/eaathuay aa ii?iaeueioth
?aaioo. Aeey aaiea yoi iniaaiii aaaeii a oeiainiaie iaeanoe, a
/anoiinoe, nio?aiiinoue aeoeaia aaiea, aeinoeaeaiea ieaiiauo
iieacaoaeae, a o./. ii i?eauee e o.ae. E?iia oiai, eiaao ianoi
aioo?aiiee aooaaeoa?neee eiio?ieue e aiaoiee eiio?ieue ca ?acoeueoaoaie
aeayoaeueiinoe oe?iu ni noi?iiu aoaeeoi?neeo i?aaiecaoeee.

Aeey oiai, /oiau ?inneeneay oe?ia eiaea aiciiaeiinoue aeiaeoueny e?oiiuo
oniaoia e i?eciaiey ia ?uiea (aeeth/ay iaaeaeoia?iaeiue), iaiaoiaeeii
aiaae?youe iaeaieaa ia?aaeiaua, i?ia?anneaiua iaoiaeu ?aaiou ia ?uiea. E
/eneo oaeeo eiiiaaoeee neaaeoao ioianoe e i?aeoeeo eiio?ieeeiaa (ni. 77;
aee. 2).

Eiio?ieeeia – aeaei iiaia ia oieueei aeey ?inneeneeo oe?i, ii e aeey
iiiaeo oe?i ia Caiaaea. Aeey aai oe?ieiai aiaae?aiey (a ii iniaaiii
yooaeoeaai aeey ii?ie iai?aaeneacoaiuo yeiiiie/aneeo o?ainoi?iaoeee a
?O) o ian eiathony ana i?aaeiinueee. Max yooaeoeaii i?eiaiaiea caeanue
yeii.-iao. iaoiaeia. Eaaeaeay n?aaeiyy, aea e iaeeay oe?ia aeieaeia
eiaoue naith aiaeeoe/aneoth neoaeao, eioi?ay niae?aao, iaiauaao
eioi?iaoeeth, auaeaeyao caeiiiia?iinoe e ia yoie aaca i?iaiice?oao
?acee/iua oaiaeaioeee n iiiiuueth iaoiaeia iaoaiaoe/aneie noaoenoeee.
Oaeie iiaeoiae noae iauaeoeaii iaiaoiaeeiui e aeey ?innee. Oae, ia
?inneeneii ?uiea oaea eiathony ioa/anoaaiiua noaoenoe/aneea nenoaiu:
Iacicaa?, Ya?enoa, Noaaeey – eioi?ua i?eaioe?iaaiu, a /anoiinoe, ia
?aoaiea e?oaa niaoeeaeueiuo caaea/, naycaiiuo n aiaeecii a?aiaiiuo
?yaeia e i?iaiice?iaaieai. I?e yoii eneeth/eoaeueiua i?iaeoeou ii
ea/anoao ia onooiatho caiaaeiui, a noiyo a 3-7 ?ac aeaoaaea. Oae /oi
aeaei oieueei ca aiaae?aieai.

121. Ia?eaoeia eiii?oiuo i?iaeoeoia.

Ia?eaoeia eiii?oiuo i?iaeoeoia iiaeao auoue iino?iai aeaoiy iniiaiuie
niiniaaie:

1 niinia. *a?ac nenoaio eiiieaiyaea?ia – oi?aiauo i?aaenoaaeoaeae,
aaaioia ec no?aiu aaicyuae oiaa?u.

2 niinia. *a?ac ianoiuo i?aaenoaaeoaeae.

Eiiieaiyaea?u iau/ii eo/oa ciatho iniaaiiinoe oiaa?a e ?uiea yoiai
oiaa?a, a ninoiyiee iaania/eaaoue ianeoaeeaaiea.

Ii ianoiua i?aaenoaaeoaee eo/oa ciatho naie iau/ae, caeiiiaeaoaeuenoai,
eaa/a iiaoo iaeaaeeaaoue eiioaeou n eeeaioaie.

Iiyoiio eo/oa anaai ?aaioaao ni/aoaiea yoeo aeaoo oi?i.

Neaaeoao o/eouaaoue, /oi e eiii?oiui i?iaeoeoai i?aaeuyaeythony
iiauoaiiua o?aaiaaiey ii ea/anoao, niioaaenoaeth iaaeaeoia?iaeiui
noaiaea?oai, yeieiae/aneie e oaoie/aneie aaciianiinoe.

Iaeaieaa auaiaeai eiii?o oiaa?ia ?uii/iie iiaeciu aeey no?aiu-eiii?oa?a
(oiaa?ia, eioi?ua eeai oaeiaeaoai?ytho iiaoth iio?aaiinoue, eeai
iiaeieiatho ia iiaue ea/anoaaiiue o?iaaiue oaeiaeaoai?aiea noa?ie,
ecaanoiie iio?aaiinoe). Oe?iu, i?iaeathuea oaeea oiaa?u, eiatho
aiciiaeiinoue onoaiaaeeaaoue iiiiiieueiua oeaiu ia ?uiea e iieo/aoue
aieaa aunieea i?eauee.

Aeeao 2.

2. I?e/eiu aicieeiiaaiey ia?eaoeiaa.

Ia?eaoeia aiciee ia ?oaaaea 19-20 aaeia.

I?e/eiu aicieeiiaaiey:

Ia ?oaaaea aaeia a ?yaea no?ai (a iniiaiii a ?acaeouo, iai?eia? a NOA)
iaaethaeaeanue oaiaeaioeey oaeiaeaoai?aiey ana aieueoeo iio?aaiinoae
iieoiaoaeae, oneeaiey eiieo?aioeee, oe?oiiaiey ianooaaia i?iecaiaenoaa,
oeo/oaiey ea/anoaa i?iaeoeoeee. Yoe yaeaiey i?eaaee e iieneo e
?ac?aaioea iiauo iiaeoiaeia ii oi?aaeaieth ?uieii, noeioee?iaaieth
ni?ina ia i?iaeoeoeeth. Yoi iineoaeeei i?e/eiie aicieeiiaaiey
ia?eaoeiaa.

Ia?eaoeia eae iaoea a naiai ?acaeoee i?aoa?iae aeaa yoaia. Ia?aue niaiae
i?eia?ii n ia?auie aeaaaeoeaoueth aiaeaie 20-ai aaea. Oa?aeoa?eciaaeny
iiiuoeie oaycaoue i?iecaiaenoaaiioth aeayoaeueiinoue n ?aaeecaoeeae
oiaa?a, iaiaoiaeeiinoueth nauoue oiaa?. Aoi?ie yoai iineo eiiieaeniue
oa?aeoa?, e?iia nauoa iiyaeyaony iaiaoiaeeiinoue iienea iooae eco/aiey
ni?ina, eaeay i?iaeoeoeey iaiaoiaeeia iio?aaeoaeth. Aeaiiui iai?aaeaieai
noaee caieiaoueny niaoeeaeueiua oe?iu. A 1908 aiaeo a NOA aicieeea
ia?aay ia?eaoeiaiaay oe?ia, a a 1926 – Iaoeeiiaeueiay annioeeaoeey
ia?eaoeiaa.

A iaoae no?aia ia?aoiae e iiaui yeiiiie/aneei ioiioaieyi, io/eoaeueiia
noaiiaeaiea ?uii/iie nenoaiu iaecaaaeii naycaiu a ia/aea iooe n eiieie
neiaeeaoeony oicyenoaaiiuo no?oeoo?, iinoaiaiiui ia?aoiaeii e iiaui
iaoiaeai ?aaoee?iaaiey ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa, iiyaeaieai noaa?aieoaoa
iio?aaeoaey e aeoaieeie eciaiaieyie iauanoaaiiiai niciaiey. A yoeo
oneiaeyo iaecaaaeii oi?ie?oaony iiaue aeey ian, ii oi?ioi ecaanoiue a
ie?a ia?eaoeiaiaue iiaeoiae e ?aoaieth i?iaeai oi?aaeaiey i?iecaiaenoaii
e ?aaeecaoeee oiaa?ia e oneoa a eioa?anao iio?aaeoaey. Ia?eaoeia aeey
i?aaei?eyoey ethaie oi?iu nianoaaiiinoe e ethauo ianooaaia oicyenoaaiiie
aeayoaeueiinoe nouanoaaiii iaiaoiaeei e a iuiaoiai ia?aoiaeiii ia?eiaea
?acaeoey ?inneenoeie yeiiiieee. ?oeiaiaeeoaee i?aaei?eyoee auioaeaeaiu
i?eieiaoue oicyenoaaiiua ?aoaiey a oneiaeyo iaii?aaeaeaiiinoe
iineaaenoaee yoeo ?aoaiee, i?e/ai ii?ie ia noieueei ec-ca ianiaa?oainoaa
oicyenoaaiiiai iaoaiecia e i?ioeai?a/eainoe caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa,
?aaoee?othuaai ooieoeeiie?iaaiea yoiai iaoaiecia, neieueei ec-ca
iaaeinoaoea yeiiiie/aneeo, eiiia?/aneeo ciaiee e i?aeoe/aneiai iiuoa
?aaiou a iiauo oneiaeyo.

Ia?eaoeia eae aeiaaeueiay ooieoeey oi?aaeaiey i?aaei?eyoeai a oneiaeyo
?uiea aeaao ?oeiaiaeeoaeth ?yae aa?eaioia auoiaea ia iieiaeeoaeueiua
?acoeueoaou oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe a oneiaeyo iiauoaiiiai ?enea e
iaii?aaeaeaiiinoe.

26. Iauay no?oeoo?a ?uiea, aa ninoaaeythuea.

?uiie – eaoaai?ey oia. oicyenoaa, i?aaenoaaeythuay niaie noa?o
oiaa?ii-aeaiaaeiiai iaiaia e au?aaeathuay yeiiiie/aneea ioiioaiey
iaaeaeo i?iaeaaoeaie eee i?iecaiaeeoaeyie e iieoiaoaeyie eee
iio?aaeoaeyie, ieeoeaoai?. niioaaonoaaiii i?aaeeiaeaiea e ni?in.

Iniiaiua yeaiaiou ?uii/iiai oicyenoaa:

– i?aaeeiaeaiea,

– ni?in,

– oeaia.

A caaeneiinoe io oa?aeoa?a iauaeoa oiaa?iiai iaiaia auaeaeytho
neaaeothuea ?uiee:

– oiaa?ia ia?iaeiiai iio?aaeaiey,

– i?iiuoeaiiie i?iaeoeoeee e n?aaenoa i?iecaiaenoaa,

– oneoa,

– eaieoaeia.

?uiee ii ninoiyieth:

1) Iieoiaoaey – ninoiyiea ?uiea ia eioi?ii i?aaeeiaeaiea i?aauoaao
ni?in.

Ioee/ey oaeiai ?uiea:

– aieueoia anni?oeiaioiia iiiaiia?acea i?aaeeaaaaiuo oiaa?ia,

– onoie/eaua iauaiu e ianooaau i?iecaiaenoaa yoeo oiaa?ia,

– i?aaei?eyoey /aoei ?aaae?otho ia eciaiaiey ni?ina iieoiaoaeae,

– aunieee o?iaaiue eiieo?aioeee.

2) I?iaeaaoea – ninoiyiea ?uiea, ia eioi?ii ni?in nouanoaaiii i?aauoaao
i?aaeeiaeaiea.

Oa?-ea ?uiea:

– neoaeiue anni?oeiaio oiaa?ia,

– ………. iauaiu e ianooaau i?-aa,

– iieiia ionoonoaea eiieo?aioeee.

3) ?uiie ia i?iaeaaoea e ia iieoiaoaey – ninoiyiea ?uiea, ia e-i oe?ia
ecaioiaeoaeue iiaeao nauaaoue i?iaeoeoeeth a aeinoaoi/iii iauaia, anee
oieueei aoaeao inouanoaeyoueny noeioee?iaaiea ni?ina. Ioi?aaiay oi/ea
aeayoaeueiinoe oe?iu ii noeioee?iaaieth ?uiea – ioaeii i?iecaiaeeoue
o/ao oiai, ia eaeii ?uiea ?aaeecoaony i?iaeoeoeey oe?iu.

4) ?aaoee?oaiua – ?uiee, iiaeiaaeathuea iiae aeaenoaea oiaa?iuo
niaeaoaiee, a oaeaea ain. ii?iaoeaiuo aeoia, iai?aaeaiiuo ia eo
noaaeeecaoeeth.

5) ?aaeiiaeueiua oiaa?iua yoi ?uiee, a iniiaa auaeaeaiey eioi?uo eaaeeo
?aaeiiaeueiay eee no?aiiaay i?eiaaeeaaeiinoue iauaeoia oia.-aeai.
iaiaia. ?uiee eiie? oiaa?ia e oia. a?oii, oiaa?u ii?aae. io?anee, ioae
no?aiu.

Aeiey ?uiea – %, eioi?ue i?eoiaeeony ia aeieth iieoiie ii?. oiaa?a eee
iieoiie ii?. oneoae io anae niaieoiiinoe iieoiie oiaa?a eee oneoae
aeaiiiai aeaea.

Naaiaio ?uiea – /anoue ?uiea eee a?oiia iio?aaeoaeae, eee oiaa?ia, eee
oe?i-i?iecaiaeeoaeae, eee eiieo?aioia, iaeaaeathueie iaeiei eee
ianeieueeeie iaueie i?eciaeaie.

Iaoiaeu naaiaioaoeee.

1. Ii iiaaaeaieth ia ?uiea – niinia aeaeaiey ?uiea ii a?oiiai
iio?aaeoaeae, i?e yoii o/eouaaaony iiaiae aeey niaa?oaiey iieoiee,
noaoon iieoiaoaey, eioaineaiinoue iio?aaeaiey e ioiioaiey e oiaa?o.

2. Ii i?iaeoeoo – niinia aeaeaiey ii ooieoeeiiaeueiui e oaoie/aneei
ia?aiao?ai i?iecaiaeeiie i?iaeoeoeee. Yoi i?iecaiaeiue aeae io 1 o.e.
auaeaeaiea naaiaioia ii ioaeaeueiui ia?aiao?ai i?iecaaae. i?iaeoeoeee
i?aaenoaaeyao niaie o/ao a eiie oi?ia cai?inia e i?aaeii/oaiee
iio?aaeoaeae.

3. Ii oe?iai-caeac/eeai e oi?iai caeoiie – niinia aeaeaiey ?uiea n?-a
i?-aa n o/aoii niaoeeoe/. i?iaeai caeac/eeia iaeanoe caeoiie n?-a i?-aa,
acaeiiioiioaiee n iieoiaoaeyie e oneiaey iieaou iaoiaeia ?an/aoa
oeaio?aeecaoeee eee aeaoeaio?aeecaoeee iia?aoeee ii caeoiea n?-a i?-aa.

4. Ii iniiaiui eiieo?aioai – niinia aeaeaiey ii oe?iai-i?iecaiaeeoaeyi
aiaeiae/iie i?iaeoeoeee eee oiaa?ia-caiaieoaeae, i?e yoii a ea/anoaa
oaeoi?ia eni. aeae iio?aaiinoae, oaeiaeaoa. i?iaeoeoeeae
oe?i-eiieo?aioia.

?uiie – niaieoiiinoue nouaoaothueo e iioaioeeaeueiuo iieoiaoaeae oiaa?a.

Noa?u /aeiaa/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe, oi?ie?othuea ?uiie.

Oaae. 1.

41. AEeciaiue oeeee oiaa?a.

AEeciaiiue oeeee oiaa?a – ia?eiae, a oa/aiee eioi?iai oiaa? iaoiaeeo
naieo iieoiaoaeae. Ia?eiae oece/aneiai nouanoaiaaiey ia niaiaaeaao n
aeeciaiiui oeeeeii. AEeciaiiue oeeee – io ia?aiai iieoiaoaey aei
iineaaeiaai.

Oacu aeeciaiiiai oeeeea:

1 2 3 4 5

oauoee i?eaueue oauoee

1. Auaaaeaiea, iiyaeaiea, aiaae?aiea ia ?uiea, ca?iaeaeaiea.

Ca?iaeaeaiea oiaa?a e auoiae ia ?uiie.

2. ?ino, ?acaeoea.

Oiaa? iaeia?yaony iieoiaoaeai e ni?in ?acei ?anoao,

3. A aaniethoiii ioiioaiee iauaiu i?iaeaae oaaee/eaathony, a oaiiu ?inoa
nieaeathony,

4. Ia/eiaaony nia/aea nieaeaiea iauaiia i?iaeaae, a iioii ?aceee niaae,

5. Oiaa? ?aci/a?iauaaao iieoiaoaeae e ooiaeeo n ?uiea.

I?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue aeeciaiiiai oeeeea (AEOe) oiaa?a caaeneo io:

1. Oaoie/aneie neiaeiinoe ecaeaeey, /ai neiaeiaa, oai aieueoa AEOe.

2. Io iauaia iiauo n?aaenoa.

3. Io iaee/ey eiieo?aioia. *ai eo aieueoa, oai ei?i/a AEOe.

4. Io ea/anoaa ia?eaoeiaiauo enneaaeiaaiee e noaiaie niioaaonoaey
eiie?aoeea iieoiaoaeae.

Ia 1 oaca i?ei?eoaoiia cia/aiea eiaao ea/anoai oiaa?a. Ioaeii ia?auaoue
aieiaiea ia i?anoeae oiaa?a, iieiaeeoaeueioth ioeaieo ia?auo
iieoiaoaeae, ia aiciiaeiue aeeaiacii eniieueciaaiey oiaa?a. Aaaeouay
?ieue ia yoie oaca ioaiaeeony i?iecaiaenoaaiieeai. Iaiaoiaeei
aeanoi/aeoee eiio?ieue ca ea/anoaii, aeecaeiii, oiaeiaeie.

Ia 2 oaca iniiaiay caaea/a iaiaaeaea?a – ieoieoue cao?aou, eioi?ua
i?aaei?eyoea iiianei ia noaaeee ?ac?aaioee e ?aaeecaoeee oiaa?a. Aeey
yoiai ioaeii i?iaiaeeoue iinoiyiiua, ouaoaeueiua, i?eaeeaeaiiua e
aeaenoaeth ?an/aou. Aa?eaiou:

1. Anee iao ieoiaaiinoe cao?ao:

a) iaaei oaaee/eoue cao?aou ia niaa?oainoaiaaieia oiaa?a (ea/anoai,
aeecaei). Ieoiaaiinoue aoaeao, anee iieoiaoaee aai i?eioo. Iaiaoiaeeii
oaaee/aiea ia?eaoeiaiauo ?anoiaeia.

a) i?ae?aoeoue ia?eaoeiaiaoth aeayoaeueiinoue, i?iecaiaenoai. Naa?iooue
i?iecaiaenoai e ia?aeoe e iiaiio aeeciaiiiio oeeeeo. Aeey auai?a iaaei
eco/eoue ?uiie, aanoe iinoiyiiua a?aiioiua ?an/aou, i?iaaaeaiea
a?aiioiie ?aeeaiiie eiiiaiee.

Ia 3 oaca anee cao?aou ieoieaiu, oi caaea/a – aeaeueiaeoaa oaaee/aiea
i?iaeaae e iieo/aiea i?eauee. I?aaei?eyoea ?aaioaao ia naie aeioiaeu.
Anee oaiiu i?iaeaae oiaiueoathony, oi ia?eaoieia aeieaeai aeoiaoue i
iiauo ?uieao, oiaa?ao. N yoei oiaa?ii: niaa?oainoaiaaiea oeaii/ee
oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey (ecaaaea io iin?aaeieeia), a?aiioiay ei??aeoe?iaea
oeaiu, oeo/oaiea na?aena. Eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoue iaaei oaaee/eaaoue,
iaaei nio?aieoue ?uiie. Eieoeeaoeaa a iaeanoe oiaa?a ia yoie oaca
ia?aoiaeeo e oi?aiaea.

Ia 4 e 5 oacao aeaaiay caaea/a – ia?aie/aiea e iieiia i?ae?auaiea
i?iecaiaenoaa. Iaaei aeoeaii ?aaeeciauaaoue caianu iooai nieaeaiey oeai,
caieiaoueny ?aeeaiie. Caaea/a ia?eaoieiaa – ia inoaoueny n oiaa?iuie
caianaie ia neeaaea.

68. Eieaeae oe?iu.

Eieaeae – yoi ia?ac, eioi?ue iiiiaaao cae?aieoue o iio?aaeoaey i?eau/ee,
i?aaenoaaeaiea i i?iaeoeoeee. Aai nicaeaiea i?ecaaii:

1) iieacaoue ?aciao oe?iu,

2) eioi?ie?iaaoue ia anni?oeiaioa e ea/anoaa oiaa?ia e oneoa,

3) eioi?ie?iaaoue i o?aaeeoeeyo e a?aiaie nicaeaiey oe?iu,

4) i?iaeaiiino?e?iaaoue i?ioanneiiaeeci nio?oaeieeia oe?iu.

A aieaa iauai niunea neiaa eieaeae – yoi ?aiooaoeey eiiiaiee, oi anoue
yoi nicaeaaoaany iauaa iiaiea ea/anoaao, aeinoieinoaao e iaaeinoaoeao
eiiiaiee. Aeaienoaaiiue oa?aeoa? ?aiooaoeee i?iyaeyaony a oii, /oi iia
iaeiia?aiaiii yaeyaony i?yiui neaaenoaeai ?aaiou eiiiaiee e a
ii?aaeaeaiiie noaiaie iaoneiaeeaaao aiciiaeiinoe aa aeaeueiaeoae
aeayoaeueiinoe. Iaeia ec aeaaiuo caaea/ iaiaaeaeiaioa caeeth/aaony a
iiaeaea?aeaiee eae iiaeii aieaa aunieie ?aiooaoeee eiiiaiee. ?aiooaoeey
neeaaeuaaaony a aeacao iio?aaeoaeae, iinoaaueeia, eiuo aeaeiauo
ia?oia?ia, i?annu, iaeiaiauo i?aaiia, iauanoaaiiuo i?aaiecaoeee. Aeey
nicaeaiey e iiauoaiey ?aiooaoeee o iio?aaeoaeae iaiaoiaeeii auioneaoue
i?iaeoeoeeth, oaeiaeaoai?ythuoth anai nouanoaothuei noaiaea?oai, a
eo/oa – i?aainoiaeyuoth eo, iaania/eaaoue aa?aioeeiue e iinoaa?aioeeiue
na?aen i?iaeoeoeee, iaiaoiaeeiue anni?oeiaio niioonoaothueo oiaa?ia,
cai/anoae. Yoie aea oeaee neoaeeo e i?iaaaeaiea ?aeeaiiuo eaiiaiee,
ioe?uoinoue oe?iu aeey iacaaeneiuo yenia?oia. Aunieay ?aiooaoeey o
iio?aaeoaeae iicaieyao noaaeeueii ?aaioaoue, ia?iaiaioii oeo/oaoue ana
iieacaoaee aeayoaeueiinoe, a oii /enea aeaaiue ec ieo – i?eaueue.

*oi eanaaony iinoaaueeia, oi iniiaiui oneiaeai aunieie ?aiooaoeee
aunooiaao naiaa?aiaiiinoue e iieiioa iieaou anao iinoaaie.

?aiooaoeey o iaeiaiauo i?aaiia oaeaea i/aiue aaaeia, oae eae anee
eiiiaiey cao?oaeiyaony auiea/eaaoue iaeiae – yoi iiaeao ianoi?iaeeoue
iioaioeeaeueiuo aeaeiauo ia?oia?ia e canoaaeoue eo ioeacaoueny io
nio?oaeie/anoaa. Naycyie n i?annie e iauanoaaiiinoueth caieiathony
niaoeeaeueii aeey yoiai nicaeaaaaiua ioaeaeu iaaeee-?eeaeoaic, iiae?iaii
i ieo ni.aii?in 42.

Iniaaiii oioaeinue au auaeaeeoue ?aiooaoeeth eiiiaiee o aa
iioaioeeaeueiuo ?aaioieeia – nooaeaioia, o/aueony n?aaeieo o/aaiuo
caaaaeaiee, ?aaioieeia ae?oaeo eiiiaiee. A?aiioiia oi?aaeaiea eaae?aie
aeaao aiciiaeiinoue i?eaeaeaoue iaeaieaa eaaeeoeoee?iaaiiua o?oaeiaua
?ano?nu, neaaeiaaoaeueii, e?aeia aaaeii iaania/eoue aeinoieiue o?iaaiue
iieaou o?oaea, ?acee/iua aeaeu no?aoiaaiey nio?oaeieeia, nicaeaiea
iaiaoiaeeiie nioeeaeueiie eio?ano?oeoo?u e o.ae.

(122. Eieaeae oe?iu.=68)

Anee oe?ia noaaeo ia?aae niaie oeaee aeieain?i/iiai iieo/aiey i?eauee,
caiyoey eee nio?aiaiey onoie/eaiai iieiaeaiey ia ?uiea, oi ae
iaiaoiaeeii nicaeaoue aeinoieiue eieaeae.

Eieaeae – yoi ia?ac oe?iu a aeacao aa iio?aaeoaeae, ia?oia?ia,
eiaanoi?ia, ain-aa.

Yeaiaiou eieiaeaea:

– ?aciao aeayoaeueiinoe,

– anni?oeiaio e ea/anoai i?iaeoeoeee,

– o?aaeeoeee,

– aunieee i?ioanneiiaeeci.

Nicaeaieai aeaaii?eyoiiai eieaeaea ia oe?ia caieiathony niaoeeaeenou ii
Public relations (naycyi n iauanoaaiiinoueth).

77. Ia?eaoeia e eiio?ieeeia.

Eiio?ieeeia – nenoaia nenoaiaoe/aneie ioeaiee anao noi?ii aeayoaeueiinoe
oe?iu, aa iiae?acaeaeaiee, ?oeiaiaeeoaeae e nio?oaeieeia n oi/ee c?aiey
naiaa?aiaiiiai e ea/anoaaiiiai auiieiaiey caieaie?iaaiiuo no?aoaae/aneeo
iieacaoaeae, auyaeaiea ioeeiiaiee e i?eiyoea aacioeaaaoaeueiuo e
yia?ae/iuo aeaenoaee, /oiau iaia/aiiua ieaiii ?oaaaee auee aeinoeaioou
i?e ethauo eciaiaieyo oic. neooaoeee.

Eiio?ieeeia aunooiaao n?aaenoaii oeo/oaiey aeayoaeueiinoe oe?iu, i?e/ai
ianoieueei naiaa?aiaiii, /oiau iiaeii auei i?eiyoue i?aaeoi?aaeeoaeueiua
ia?u ii ioiioaieth e yaeaieyi, oa?iaeathuei naiiio aa nouanoaiaaieth.
Eiio?ieeeia icia/aao ia eiio?ieue, a nei?aa “iinoiyiii aea?aeaoue iiae
eiio?ieai”.

Ia?eaoeiaiaue aniaeo eiio?ieeeiaa neoaeeo aeinoeaeaieth anao
iinoaaeaiiuo oe?iie oeaeae a aeciana. Ecia/aeueii eiio?ieeeia
eniieueciaaeny aeey ?aoaiey iinoaaeaiiuo caaea/ a ?aieao i?aaei?eyoey,
i?eaioe?iaaiiiai ia i?eaueue. I?aeoeea iieacaea, /oi oe?ia auaeeaaao ia
?uiea, oieueei aeaenoaoy aeoeaii a noa?a “ia?niiae oe?iu” e
“yeiiiie/aneay n?aaea oe?iu” ia iniiaa /aoeiai ieaia. Iiyoiio a ?aieao
eiio?ieeeiaa oaeaeyaony iniaia aieiaiea ?ac?aaioea i?ia?aii
niaa?oainoaiaaiey e ?acaeoey ia?niiaea oe?iu, iinoiyiiiio ?inoo eo
eaaeeoeeaoeee, a oaeaea ieaiiia?iiio oeo/oaieth aioo?aiiae n?aaeu oe?iu,
aa i?aaiecaoeee.

Eae aaaeiue yeaiaio oi?aaeaiey oe?iie, eiio?ieea? iiiiaeao ?oeiaiaenoao
a i?ioeanna ii?aaeaeaiey e ?aaeecaoeee no?aoaae/aneeo e iia?aoeaiuo
oeaeae ?acaeoey.

Eiio?ieeeia aunooiaao yooaeoeaiui n?aaenoaii oi?aaeaiey ia oe?ia,
iaoeaeaiiui ia ?aoaiea ia?eaoeiaiauo i?iaeai. Caaea/a eiio?ieea?a – i?e
oaeoe/aneeo ?anoiaeaeaieyo n ieaiii i?eaanoe a aeaeaeaiea iaoaieci,
niiniaiue, ianiio?y ia ioeeiiaiey io iaia/aiiiai, aeinoeaiooue oeaee.
N?aaiaiea ?aaeueiuo e ieaiiauo ?acoeueoaoia inouanoaeyaony aeey
naiaa?aiaiiiai ii?aaeaeaiey ianoa aicieeiiaaiey cao?oaeiaiee n
?aaeecaoeeae ieaia e n iiiiuueth ?aaoee?othueo ia?ii?eyoee iaania/eoue
iieo/aiea ieaiiaie i?eauee e aeinoeaeaiey ae?oaeo iaia/aiiuo
iieacaoaeae.

?aaoee?othuay aeayoaeueiinoue eiio?ieeeiaa – neaiaeece?iaaoue ia
ioeeiiaieyo, aeiiouaiiuo a iaeiie noa?a aeayoaeueiinoe, ae?oaei
ioaeaeai, iiaeneacaoue ei iaiaoiaeeiua aeaenoaey, iiii/ue inouanoaeoue
eo aeey aeinoeaeaiey ieaiiauo ?oaaaeae a oeaeii.

Iaoaieci eiio?ieeeiaa iniiaai ia i?eioeeiao:

1) Aeaeaeaiey e oi?iiaeaiey. Nicaeaiea e nio?aiaiea oneiaee aeey oniaoa
naycaii n iiiyoeai “eiiiaaoeey”. Iia (eae eciaiaiea eee iaiiaeaiea)
eiaao ianoi i?e aaaaeaiee a ?aaioa oe?iu /aai-oi iiaiai, i?ia?anneaiiai.
Eiio?ieeeia iaycai aeoeaii aicaeaenoaiaaoue ia oao, eoi oi?iiceo
i?ia?ann, aeiaeaaoueny iinoiyiiiai iaiiaeaiey anae aeayoaeueiinoe oe?iu,
iniaaiii a noa?a ia?eaoeiaa.

2) Naiaa?aiaiiinoe. Eiio?ieeeia eae o-ey, i?eaioe?iaaiiay ia aoaeouaa,
neoaeeo ?aiiaio auyaeaieth iiauo aiciiaeiinoae e ?eneia aeey oe?iu.
Niiniaiinoue e naiaa?aiaiiiio ?aaae?iaaieth ia eciaiaiea ?uiea caaeneo
io a?aiaiiiai eioa?aaea iaaeaeo aicieeiiaaieai iiaiai oaina e ?enea e
eiie?aoiuie aeaenoaeyie, a oaeaea io a?aiaie, iaiaoiaeeiiai aeey
au?aaioee eciaiaiey ieaia e eo aiaae?aiea.

3) No?aoaae/aneiai niciaiey. ?aaeecoaony oiaaea, eiaaea ethaua ?aoaiey e
aeaenoaey oe?iu i?eieiathony n iiceoeee niioaaonoaey no?aoaae/aneei
i?ia?aiiai. Niaethaeaiea yoiai iiaeoiaea – aaaeiaeoay caaea/a
eiio?ieea?a. No?aoaae/aneia niciaiea – oeeueo?, i?aaeioa?auathuee
?aaeecaoeeth iia?aoeaiuo ?aoaiee eee iiaeeoeoee?othuee eo i?e
ianiioaaonoaee eo no?aoaae/aneiio ieaio.

4) Aeieoiaioaoeee. Aai oeaeue – nicaeaiea aiciiaeiinoe i?iaa?ee oiai,
niaethaeaeenue ee oeaee e caaea/e no?aoaae/aneiai eiio?ieeeiaa a
aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe. Eioi?iaoeey aeieaeia auoue i?aaeinoaaeaia a aeaea
ienueiaiiiai niiauaiey, nenoaiaoe/anee, iaeaieaa iieii e iaaeyaeii.

111. Ie?iaua oeaiu.

Ie?iaua oeaiu iiaeii eeanneoeoee?iaaoue ii oneiaeyi iinoaaee:
nouanoaotho 4 a?oiiu oneiaee iinoaaee: A, F, N, D a caaeneiinoe io
iaycaoaeuenoa, i?eieiaaiuo ia naay iinoaaueeii.

A (o?aiei-caaiae) iiae?acoiaaaao naiiauaic oiaa?a n
i?aaei?eyoey-iinoaaueea…

I?e auoiaea ?inneeneiai i?aaei?eyoey ia ie?iaie ?uiie ia neaaeoao
ceioiio?aaeyoue oneiaeyie iinoaaee A. Ec-ca aieueoie eiieo?aioeee aio
eo/oa onoaiaaeeaaoue oeaiu N e F.

Aeeao 3.

3. Nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneea iniiau ia?eaoeiaa.

Ia?eaoeoia – aeae /aeiaa/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe, iai?aaeaiiie ia
oaeiaeaoai?aiea ioaeae e iio?aaiinoae iin?aaenoaii iaiaia. Aeey
iiyniaiey yoiai ii?aaeaeaiey ?anniio?ei iiiyoey: ioaeaeu, iio?aaiinoe,
cai?inu, oiaa?, iaiai, naeaeea e ?uiie.

Enoiaeiie eaeaae, eaaeauae a iniiaa ia?eaoeiaa, yaeyaony eaeay
/aeiaa/aneeo ioaeae.

Ioaeaea – /oanoai iuouaaiie /aeiaaeii iaoaaoee /aai eeai. Aeaeu:
oeceieiae/aneea, nioeeaeueiua, ee/iua.

Iio?aaiinoe – ioaeaea, i?eiyaoay niaoeeoe/aneoth oi?io a niioaaonoaee n
eoeueoo?iui o?iaiai e ee/iinoueth eiaeeaeaea. I?iecaiaeeoaee
i?aaei?eieiatho oeaeaiai?aaeaiiua aeaenoaey aeey noeioee?iaaiey aeaeaiey
iaeaaeaoue oiaa?ii. Iie iuoathony noi?ie?iaaoue naycue iaaeaeo oai, /oi
iie auioneatho, e ioaeaeaie ethaeae. Aeayoaeue ia?eaoeiaa ia nicaeaao
ioaeaeo, iia oaea nouanoaoao.

Cai?inu – yoi iio?aaiinoue, iiaee?aieaiiay iieoiaoaeueiie
niiniaiinoueth. Ca?iinu – yoi iieacaoaeue iaaeinoaoi/ii iaaeaaeiue.
Ethaeyi iaaeiaaeatho aaue, iuia a oiaeo, e iie euoo ?aciiia?acea. Niaia
auai?a iiaeao ieacaoueny ?acoeueoaoii eciaiaiey oeai eee o?iaiy
aeioiaeia. *aeiaae auae?aao oiaa?, nieoiiinoue naienoa eioi?iai
iaania/eaaao aio iaeaieueoaa oaeiaeaoai?aiea ca aeaiioth oeaio, n o/aoii
naieo iio?aaiinoae e ?ano?nia.

Oiaa? – yoi ana, /oi iiaeao oaeiaeaoai?eoue iio?aaiinoue eee ioaeaeo e
i?aaeeaaaaony ?aieo n oeaeueth i?eaea/aiey aieiaiey, i?eia?aoaiey,
eniieueciaaiey eee iio?aaeaiey. Oiaa?u, niiniaiua oaeiaeaoai?eoue
iio?aaiinoue iacuaathony oiaa?iui anni?oeiaioii auai?a. *ai iieiaa
niioaaonoaoao oiaa? aeaeaieyi iio?aaeoaeyi. oai aieueoaai oniaoa
aeiaueaony i?iecaiaeeoaeue. I?iecaiaeeoaee nia/aei aeieaeiu iouneeaaoue
iio?aaeoaeae, auyniyoue eo iio?aaiinoe, a caoai oaea nicaeaaaoue oiaa?,
oaeiaeaoai?ythuea eo iio?aaiinoe.

Iaiai – yoi aeo iieo/aiey io eiai eeai aeaeaaiiai iauaeoa n
i?aaeeiaeaieai /aai eeai acaiai.

Naeaeea – yoi eiiia?/aneee iaiai oeaiiinoyie iaaeaeo aeaoiy noi?iiaie.
Aeaeu: eeanne/aneay (Ae=O), aa?oa?iay (O=O). Ia?eaoeia neaaaaony ec
aeaenoaee, i?aaei?eieiaaiuo n oeaeueth aeiaeoueny aeaeaaiie ?aaeoeee
iio?aaeoaey a ioiioaiee eaeiai eeai iauaeoa, oneoae eee eaeae.

?uiie – niaieoiiinoue nouanoaothueo e iioaioeeaeueiuo iieoiaoaeae
oiaa?a. Neaaeiaaoaeueii:

Ia?eaoeia – yoi /aeiaa/aneay aeayoaeueiinoue, oae eee eia/a eiathuay
ioiioaiea e ?uieo.

Ia?eaoeia – yoi nenoaia oi?aaeaiey, i?e eioi?ie a iniiaa i?eiyoey iiaiai
?aoaiey eaaeeo eioi?iaoeey i ?uiea, a i?aaeeueiinoue ?aoaiey i?iaa?yaony
a ?acoeueoaoa ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoeoeee, oeaeue eioi?ie – oaeiaeaoai?aiea
/aeiaa/aneeo ioaeae e iio?aaiinoae.

15. Nouiinoue ia?eaoeiaiaie no?aoaaee.

Ia?eaoeiaiaay no?aoaaey oi?ie?oaony ia iniiaa aiaeeca ?uii/iie
neooaoeee.

Ia?eaoeiaiaay no?aoaaey – eiiieaen i?eioeeiia, n iiiiuueth eioi?uo
i?aaei?eyoea oi?ie?oao oeaee ia?eaoeiaa e i?aaiecoao ?aaeecaoeeth yoeo
oeaeae ia ?uiea. ?ac?aaioea no?aoaaee yaeyaony aeaaiie caaea/ae
ia?eaoeiaiai iaoaiecia.

No?aoaaey I. aeieaeia oi/ii iacaaoue naaiaiou ?uiea, ia eioi?uo oe?ia
nin?aaeioi/eo naie iniiaiua oneeey. Yoe naaiaiou ioee/athony ae?oa io
ae?oaa naiae i?aaeii/oeoaeueiinoueth e aeioiaeiinoueth. Aeey eaaeaeiai
ec ioia?aiiuo oeaeaauo naaiaioia iaiaoiaeeii ?ac?aaioaoue ioaeaeueioth
no?aoaaeth I. Oi?aaeythuee aeieaeai o/eouaaoue yeaiaiou ia?eaoeiaiaie
no?aoaaee:

1. Oiaa?.

2. Oeaia.

3. I?iaeaeaeaiea oiaa?a.

4. Aeinoaaea oiaa?a iio?aaeoaeth (nauo).

O?aaiaaiey e ia?eaoeiaiaie no?aoaaee: ?aaeeci, Aeueoa?iaoeaiinoue auai?a
aeaenoaee, *aoeinoue, Aeaeinoue, A?aiaiiay ii?aaeaeaiiinoue (e?aoei,
n?aaeia e aeieain?i/iua oeaee).

35. Ii?aaeaeaiea “aieinoe ?uiea”.

A caaea/e i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai enneaaeiaaiey ?uiea aoiaeyo:

1. Auai? ?uieia, aaea aiciiaeai iaeneiaeueiue nauo;

2. Iieo/aiea eioi?iaoeee i aieinoe ?uiea.

Aieinoue – niiniaiinoue ?uiea iiaeioeoue ii?aaeaeaiiia eiee/anoai oiaa?i
a ii?aaeaeaiiia a?aiy.

Nthaea aeeth/athony oaeea iieacaoaee, eae:

– ii?aaeaeaiea eiee/anoaa eiieo?aioia,

– ii?aaeaeaiea aeiee eiieo?eioia ia ?uiea,

– ii?aaeaeaiea io?aneae eee i?aaei?eyoee, yaeythueony iaeaieaa e?oiiuie
io?aaeoaeyie,

– ii?aaeaeaiea no?oeoo?u iio?aaeaiey oiaa?ia ia?aie / ia ia?aie
iaiaoiaeeiinoe,

– ii?aaeaeaiea ?acia?ia i?iecaaaenoaaiiiai no?ieoaeuenoaa e eciaiaiey a
no?oeoo?a iio?aaeaiey.

Yoe iieacaoaee iiiiaatho noaeeoue i oeaeaniia?aciinoe i?iieeiiaaiey ia
iiaee ?uiie, i i?aaeiieaaaaiuo cao?aoao e ianooaaao aeayoaeueiinoe, i
iioaioeeaeueiuo eeeaioao.

3. Eiioeaio?aoeey ?ano?nia ia ia?niaeoeaiii ?uiea.

45. Iieaciinoue i?iaeoeoa.

Yeiiiienou aano?eeneie oeieu i?eoee e auaiaeo, /oi iio?aaeoaeueneee
auai? caaeneo io noaiaie cia/eiinoe i?eia?aoaaiiai aeaaa aeey aeaiiiai
eiaeeaeaeooia, o?iaiy ianuuaiiinoe e eiee/anoaa yoeo aeaa, aiciiaeiinoe
eo aini?iecaiaenoaa. Ino?ioa ioaeaeu a oii eee eiii aeaaa iaiaeeiaeiaa,
nouanoaoao naiaai ?iaea ea?a?oey iio?aaiinoae. Iaeii aeaei, eonie oeaaa,
/oiau ia oia?aoue n aieiaea; noaeai aiaeu, /oiau ooieeoue aeaaeaeo; ia?a
iaoae, /oiau ia oiaeeoue aineeii. Eiia aeaei, iaee/ea cia/eoaeueiiai
eiee/anoaa iiaeiaiuo aeaa, /oi nouanoaaiii eciaiyao ino?ioo iio?aaiinoe,
noaiaie eo iieaciinoe. Iieaciinoue iaeiiai eiioy oeaaa, iaeiiai noaeaia
aiaeu, iaeiie ia?u iaoae iaiiiai auoa iieaciinoe nioie noaeaiia aiaeu,
ei?ceiu oeaaa, ianeieueeeo aeanyoeia ia? iaoae.

Ii ia?a iio?aaeaiey iiauo aaeeieoe, /anoae, aeieae aeaaa
(iio?aaeoaeueiie noieiinoe) oaii ia?anoaiey iieuecu iaaeaao, aeiaaai/iay
iieaciinoue, i?eiineiay eaaeaeie iiaie aeieae, ii?oeeae nieaeaaony.
Oeaiiinoue aeaa ii?aaeaeyaony ia n?aaeiyy, a iaeiaiueoay, aeiaaai/iay
iieaciinoue, i?eiineiay eaaeaeie i/a?aaeiie e a eaaeaeii eiie?aoiii
neo/aa “iineaaeiae”, eiia/iie aaeeieoeae, aeieae, ii?oeeae aeaaa. Aeey
iaicia/aiey yoie aeiaaai/iie, iaeiaiueoae ii aaee/eia iieaciinoe
oiio?aaeyaony oa?iei i?aaeaeueiay iieaciinoue. Iiae i?aaeaeueiie
iieaciinoueth i?eiyoi iiieiaoue iaeiaiueooth ec anao, oaeiaeaoai?yaiuo
ec eiathuaainy caiana.

A ?uii/iie yeiiiieea iieaciinoue ?ani?aaeaeyaony niaeanii oeaiai. Oeaia
aeieaeia niioaaonoaiaaoue i?aaeaeueiie iieaciinoe oiaa?a. I?e iiauoaiee
oeai i?ienoiaeyo naeaeae a no?oeoo?a e ea?a?oee iieaciinoae, ia i?aeoeea
– a no?oeoo?a ni?ina e iio?aaeaiey. Anee ?anooo oeaiu oiaa?ia, ec
ioiineoaeueiay iieaciinoue (a cia/eo, e ni?in ia ieo) iaaeaao. Ia
eaaeaeue ?oaeue, cao?a/eaaaiue iieoiaoaeai ia i?eia?aoaiea oiaa?a, ii
aoaeao no?aieoueny i?eia?anoe ?aaiua eee niiinoaaeiua i?aaeaeueiua
iieaciinoe. Eia/a aiai?y, ?oaeue, cao?a/aiiue ia iyni, aeieaeai
i?aaenoaaeyoue oaeoth aea iieaciinoue, /oi e ?oaeue , cao?a/aiiue ia
iaea?iiu.

62.I?aaiecaoeey na?aena e iineai?iaeaaeiiai ianeoaeeaaiey.

No?iai aiai?y, iiiyoey “na?aen” e “ianeoaeeaaiea” yaeythony neiiieiaie,
e a aeaeueiaeoai iu aoaeai iia?e?iaaoue ioeoeeaeueii nouanoaothueie a
?innee oa?ieiaie “aa?aioeeiia ianeoaeeaaiea” e “iineaaa?aioeeiia
ianeoaeeaaiea”.

Nouanoaiaaiea aa?aioeeiiai ianeoaeeaaiey naycaii n iaiaoiaeeiinoueth
iiaeaea?aeaiey aa?aioee, o.a. cae?aieaiiiai a niioaaonoaothueo
aeieoiaioao iaauaiey oe?iu iieoiaoaeth i oii /oi i?iaeaiiue aio oiaa?
aoaeao aacioeacii ?aaioaoue a oa/aiea iaeioi?iai n?iea eee
ii?aaeaeaiiiai eiee/anoaa oaoiieiae/aneeo oeeeeia. (Iai?eia?, aeey
eaaeiauo aaoiiiaeeae onoaiaaeeaaaony, eae i?aaeei, ia n?ie 1 aiae eee ia
i?iaaa 20000 ei.) A oa/aiea yoiai n?iea oe?ia-ecaioiaeoaeue aanieaoii
ono?aiyao ana aicieeoea ii aa aeia iaeni?aaiinoe. Aanieaoiinoue
aa?aioeeiiai ianeoaeeaaiey onoaiiaeaia ?inneeneei caeiiii “I caueoa i?aa
iio?aaeoaeae”, oai aea iienai ii?yaeie i?aaeuyaeaiey ?aeeaiaoeee. Aieaa
oiai, ii yoiio aea caeiio nouanoaoao eae au ianeieueei nooiaiae a
iaania/aiee i?aa iio?aaeoaeae: i?e aicieeiiaaiee aeaoaeoa a oa/aiea
aa?aioeeiiai n?iea iio?aaeoaeue iiaeao ia?aoeoueny e i?iaeaaoeo aeey
ninoaaeaiey ?aeeaiaoeee n oeaeueth ono?aiaiey aeaoaeoa, i?e/ai ia a?aiy
?aiiioa aio a i?eioeeia aeieaeiu i?aaeinoaaeoue eaeaioe/iia ecaeaeea,
/oi a ?innee auiieiyaony aeaeaei ia anaaaea; a anee a onoaiiaeaiiia aeey
oiaa?a a?aiy aa?aioeeiue ?aiiio ia aue caaa?oai – iio?aaeoaeue iiaeao
iio?aaiaaoue caiaieoue oiaa? ia aiaeiae/iue (anee iao oi/ii oaeiai, oi n
aeiieaoie ?acieoeu a oeaia) eee aea aa?iooue aeaiueae.

Aa?aioeeiia ianeoaeeaaiea iiaeao auoue iaania/aii eae neeaie nianoaaiii
oe?iu-ecaioiaeoaey, oae e aa ioeoeeaeueiuo aeeea?ia. Oa?aeoa?iie /a?oie
i?aaiecaoeee aa?aioeeiiai ianeoaeeaaiey ia naaiaeiyoiee aeaiue yaeyaony
oi, /oi ii oeaeiio ?yaeo neiaeiuo a oaoie/aneii ioiioaiee oiaa?ia
(iai?eia?, eiie?iaaeueiua aiia?aou eee oaea oiiieiaaoeany aaoiiiaeee)
oe?iu aeatho aa?aioee eeoue i?e oneiaee eo ianeoaeeaaiey ia oe?iaiiuo
na?aeniuo noaioeeyo n niioaaonoaothuei eniieueciaaieai ioiineoaeueii
aei?iaeo, ii ea/anoaaiiuo ?anoiaeiuo iaoa?eaeia e aunieiiiea/eaaaiiai
eaaeeoeoee?iaaiiiai ianeoaeeaathuaai ia?niiaea.

Iineaaa?aioeeiia ianeoaeeaaiea aeeth/aao a naay aanue eiiieaen oneoa ii
?aiiioo e oaoianeoaeeaaieth e inouanoaeyaony ia ia ieaoiie iniiaa
niioaaonueaaiii iinea enoa/aiey aa?aioeeiiai n?iea, i?e/ai yoio aeae
ianeoaeeaaiey iiaeao inouanoaeyoue, anoanoaaiii, eae nai i?iecaiaeeoaeue
ninaiae na?aeniie naoueth, oae e ethaay ae?oaay niaoeeaeece?iaaiiay
i?aaiecaoeey.

103. Cia/aiea aiaoieo ?uieia aeey ?innee.

Cia/aiea aiaoieo ?uieia iaoneiaeaii oai iieiaeaieai, eioi?ia a oiaea
enoi?ee caiyea ?inney a iaaeaeoia?iaeiii aaia?aoe/aneii ?acaeaeaiee
o?oaea e auoaeathueie ec iaai iai?aaeaieyie yenii?oa e eiii?oa. Aeieaea
aiaeu aiaiii-iieeoe/aneiai i?ioeainoiyiey ?inne e i?iiuoeaiii ?acaeouo
no?ai i?eaaee e naaiaeiyoiae iaeiinoi?iiiae nu?ueaaie i?eaioaoeee
?inneeneiai yenii?oa – aieueooth /anoue aai noieiinoe ninoaaeytho aac,
iaooue, oaieue, ae?aaaneia, iaoaeeu e ?oaeu. Ia?acii aiai?y, ia ?uiea
oaoie/anee neiaeiuo ecaeaeee ca ?oaaaeii i?eaueee iaoiaeeoueny aac ian,
oai aieaa /oi iu ia auee a ninoiyiee i?aaeeiaeeoue aieueoia eiee/anoai
neiaeiuo iio?aaeoaeueneeo oiaa?ia e iniaaiii eo na?aen. Ai?i/ai,
nouanoaoao aaeaaee ia aaeeinoaaiiia eneeth/aiea – aiaiiay oaoieea,
iiceoeee ia ?uieao eioi?ie ?inney oaeaea iinoaiaiii oa?yao. Nia?aiaiiue
?uiie e?aeia aeeiaie/ai, e iaeiaaeaeu oeaey n iaai, aa?iooueny iioii
i?aeoe/anee iaaiciiaeii. Aeey ?innee oaeie iooue iai?eaieai, iineieueeo
yenii?oiua iinoaaee – iooue iieo/aiey aaethou aeey auieaou aiaoiae
caaeieaeaiiinoe e ?aeiino?oeoeee iniiaiuo oiiaeia ioa/anoaaiiie
i?iiuoeaiiinoe, a oaeaea aeey caeoiee OII aeey aioo?aiiaai ?uiea. Iniaia
ianoi eiaao iieo/aiea n?aaenoa ia caeoieo i?iaeiaieuenoaey, io iinoaaie
eioi?iai ?inney i/aiue neeueii caaeneo, a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue yoi eanaaony
oeaaa e naoa?a.

Oaeei ia?acii, aeey ?innee aeeciaiii iaiaoiaeeii nio?aiaiea naieo
iiceoeee ia anao aac eneeth/aiey aiaoieo ?uieao e caaiaaaiea iiauo, a
iniaaiiinoe ?uieia aunieioaoiieiae/iuo ecaeaeee, aeinooi e eioi?ui
ioe?uaaaony n eiiaa?neae iai?iiiuo caaiaeia.

Aeeao 4.

4. Oa?aeoa?enoeea eaoaai?ee ia?eaoeiaa.

(iioiae ia aii?in ?9 eee ?3 ???)

Enoiaeiie eaeaae, eaaeauae a iniiaa ia?eaoeiaa, yaeyaony eaeay
/aeiaa/aneeo ioaeae.

Ioaeaea – /oanoai iuouaaiie /aeiaaeii iaoaaoee /aai eeai. Aeaeu:
oeceieiae/aneea, nioeeaeueiua, ee/iua.

Iaiai – yoi aeo iieo/aiey io eiai eeai aeaeaaiiai iauaeoa n
i?aaeeiaeaieai /aai eeai acaiai.

?uiie – niaieoiiinoue nouanoaothueo e iioaioeeaeueiuo iieoiaoaeae
oiaa?a. Neaaeiaaoaeueii:

Ia?eaoeia – yoi /aeiaa/aneay aeayoaeueiinoue, oae eee eia/a eiathuay
ioiioaiea e ?uieo.

18. Ieaie?iaaiea no?aoaaee ia?eaoeiaa.

No?aoaaey e oaeoeea I. ?aaeecoaony /a?ac niioaaonoaothuea i?ia?aiiu e
ieaiu, eioi?ua ?acee/athony ii:

1. i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoe (e?aoein?i/iua aei 1 aiaea, n?aaeian?i/iua io 1
aei 5, aeieain?i/iua > 5 eao),

2. iauaio (aeey eaaeaeiai aeaea i?iaeoeoeee, auioneaaiie oe?iie,
iauaia?eaoeiaiaue ieai aeey anae i?iaeoeoeee, ?acaeaeaiea ia?eaoeiaiaie
aeayoaeueiinoe a iauai i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oicyenoaaiiii ieaia
i?aaei?eyoey),

3. iaoiaeo ?ac?aaioee (naa?oo aiec, o.a. ?oeiaiaenoai oe?iu
?ac?aaaouaaao eiio?ieueiua oeeo?u aoaeothuaai ieaia aeayoaeueiinoe
oe?iu; nieco aaa?o, o.a. ?ac?aaioea io nio?oaeieeia).

Ieaie?iaaiea I. aeeth/aao a naay neaaeouea yoaiu:

1. oa?aeoa?enoeea neiaeeaoaeny neooaoeee e aiaeec aeayoaeueiinoe
i?aaei?eyoey ca io/aoiue aiae (oiaa?u e oneoae: iieiaeaiea ia ?uiea,
noaoenoeea i?iaeaae; ?uiee: aieinoue, aeeiaieea, ea/anoaaiiua
oa?aeoa?enoeee; eiieo?aiou: aeaenoaothuea e iioaioeeaeueiua, eo oeaiu,
ea/anoai oiaa?a, anni?oeiaio, ?aeeaia, naaenoieiinoue i?oeoeee, iauai
ia?eaoeiaiauo cao?ao e iiaeiee);

2. ieai ia?ii?eyoee ia i?aaenoiyuee ia?eiae (i?iaiic eiiutheoo?u ?uiea
ia ieaiiaue ia?eiae, oa?aeoa?enoeea aeaeaaiiai anni?oeiaioa i?iaeoeoeee,
aiaeec i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo aiciiaeiinoae i?ai?eyoey, i?aaiecaoeey
oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey e oeaiiaay iieeoeea, ?aeeaia e OINNOEN);

3. cao?aou ia I., ?ac?aaioea niaou ?anoiaeia;

4. eiio?ieue I. e yooaeoeaiinoue I. aeayoaeueiinoe.

25. Aeaeu ?uieia. No?oeoo?a ?uieia a ?innee.

A caaeneiinoe io oa?aeoa?a iauaeoa oiaa?iiai iaiaia auaeaeytho
neaaeothuea ?uiee:

– oiaa?ia ia?iaeiiai iio?aaeaiey,

– i?iiuoeaiiie i?iaeoeoeee e n?aaenoa i?iecaiaenoaa,

– oneoa,

– eaieoaeia.

?uiee ii ninoiyieth:

1) Iieoiaoaey – ninoiyiea ?uiea ia eioi?ii i?aaeeiaeaiea i?aauoaao
ni?in.

Ioee/ey oaeiai ?uiea:

– aieueoia anni?oeiaioiia iiiaiia?acea i?aaeeaaaaiuo oiaa?ia,

– onoie/eaua iauaiu e ianooaau i?iecaiaenoaa yoeo oiaa?ia,

– i?aaei?eyoey /aoei ?aaae?otho ia eciaiaiey ni?ina iieoiaoaeae,

– aunieee o?iaaiue eiieo?aioeee.

2) I?iaeaaoea – ninoiyiea ?uiea, ia eioi?ii ni?in nouanoaaiii i?aauoaao
i?aaeeiaeaiea.

Oa?-ea ?uiea:

– neoaeiue anni?oeiaio oiaa?ia,

– ………. iauaiu e ianooaau i?-aa,

– iieiia ionoonoaea eiieo?aioeee.

4) ?aaoee?oaiua – ?uiee, iiaeiaaeathuea iiae aeaenoaea oiaa?iuo
niaeaoaiee, a oaeaea ain. ii?iaoeaiuo aeoia, iai?aaeaiiuo ia eo
noaaeeecaoeeth.

31. Iaoiaeu eiieo?aioiie ai?ueau (EA).

“Eiieo?aioeey – yoi aeeciue oi?aiaee e nia?oue oi?aiaoeaa” (Y.Oaaaa?ae).

Eiieo?aioeey (E) – yoi aeanoeia niia?ie/anoai ethaeae i?aaeaea anaai a
yeiiiie/aneie, a oaeaea e a ae?oaeo noa?ao aeecie iauanoaa. N iiceoeee
yeiiiieee, E- yoi ai?ueaa i?iaeaaoeia(i?iecaiaeeoaeae) ca eo/oaa
oaeiaeaoai?aiea o?aaiaaiee iio?aaeoaeae, a oaeaea niia?ie/anoai
iieoiaoaeae ca i?eia?aoaiea iaeneiaeueii iieaciuo ei oiaa?ia ia iaeaieaa
auaiaeiuo oneiaeyo. E, n iaeiie noi?iiu, yaeyaony caeiaii iai?a?uaiiai
i?ia?anna iauanoaa, i?aiyonoaoao canoith a yeiiiieea, n ae?oaie –
iaiouaieaiuie niooieeaie E yaeythony eiioeeeoiinoue, ianoaaeeueiinoue,
aaie?ionoaa, oaieueiaiey ?aaioieeia. O ian a no?aia i E caaiai?eee a
iineaaeiaa a?aiy a n ?uii/iuie ?aoi?iaie. Iiyoiio i/aaeaeii, /oi iiuoa
aaaeaiey eiieo?aioiie ai?ueau o iaoeo i?iecaiaeeoaeae ia oaaoaao.

EA aaaeaony aeaoiy iniiaiuie iaoiaeaie:

1. oeaiiaay E,

2. iaoeaiiaay E.

1. A ia?aii neo/aa ai?ueaa n eiieo?aioaie aaaeaony iin?aaenoaii
nieaeaiey oeaiu ia naie. Oeaiiaay E (OeE) i?eiaiyaony ia ?uieao n
i?ei?eoaoii i?iaeaaoea (i?aauoaiey ni?ina iaae i?aaeeiaeaieai e aieaa
eioaineaiie eiieo?aioeee iieoiaoaeae), a oneiaeyo n i?aiaeaaeaieai
/enoie eiieo?aioeee (eiaaea nouanoaoao iiiaeanoai i?iecaiaeeoaeae
iaeeiaeiaie i?iaeoeoeee), a oneiaeyo ioiineoaeueii iaaeeaiiiai eciaiaiey
ni?ina, iaaeinoaoi/iie iiaeeueiinoe eaieoaeia. Oeaiiaie iaoiae EA
iaeiyooaeoeaai, o.e. eiieo?aiou i?aeoe/anee n?aco iiaoo i?aaei?eiyoue
aiaeiae/iua ioaaoiua oaae. E?iia oiai, iaieioee?iaaiea oeaiie eneeth/aao
aiciiaeiinoue eaeie-eeai oeiainiaie noaaeeueiinoe, ineiaeiyao
ieaie?iaaiea e oi?aaeaiea i?aaei?eyoeai. A nia?aiaiiuo oneiaeyo oeaiiaie
iaoiae i?iaeieaeaao i?eiaiyoueny, iniaaiii i?e aiaae?aiee ia iiaua ?uiee
(iai?eia?, yiiioeu i?e i?iieeiiaaiee ia iiaua ?uiee i?aeoeeotho
nieaeaiea oeai ia 10%). Iaeiaei nieaeaiea oeai i?aaeiieaaaao oi/iue e
iniiaaoaeueiue aiaeec aoaeoueo i?eaueae e o?iaiy ?aioaaaeueiinoe
(iaiaoiaeeii oi/ii i?in/eoaoue, i?eaaaeao ee iiieaeaiea oeaiu e ?inoo
aeioiaeia).

2. A nia?aiaiiuo oneiaeyo ?acaeoiai ?uiea i?aaeii/oaiea ioaeaaony
iaoiaeo iaoeaiiaie E – auaeaeaieth naiaai oiaa?a ec ?yaea
oiaa?ia-eiieo?aioia, i?eaeaieth aio oieeaeueiuo aeey iieoiaoaey naienoa.
Aeey yoiai eiieo?aiou i?eaaaatho e auioneo iiauo oiaa?ia, eo
oniaa?oainoaiaaieth, iiauoaieth eo ea/anoaa, ?aeeaia, i?aaeinoaaeaieth
ana aieaa ?aciiia?aciiai e?oaa aeiiieieoaeueiuo oneoa e aa?aioee
iineai?iaeaaeiiai ianeoaeeaaiey. I?e iaoeaiiaie E iaania/eaaaony
ioiineoaeueiay oeiainiaay noaaeeueiinoue, /oi iicaieyao yooaeoeaii
oi?aaeyoue i?aaei?eyoeai. Iaoeaiiaie iaoiae E yaeyaony aieaa
yooaeoeaiui, o.e. eiieo?aiou ia iiaoo noieue aea iieieaiinii, eae i?e
oeaiiaii, i?aaei?eiyoue ioaaoiua oaae. Iiyoiio iaoeaiiaoth E iacuaatho
aua yooaeoeaiie E. Iaoeaiiaie iaoiae E o?aaoao aieueoeo oneeee e
oeiainiauo cao?ao ii n?aaiaieth n oeaiiaie E, ii n eeoaie ieoiathueony a
neo/aa oniaoa. A caaeneiinoe io oeaeae e aiciiaeiinoae oe?iu iia iiaeao
aua?aoue iaeei ec ianeieueeeo aa?eaioia eiieo?aioiiai iiaaaeaiey:

1. nicaeaiea iiauo i?iaeoeoia, oaoiieiaee, iaoiaeia nauoa, na?aena e
?aeeaiu;

2. eiie?iaaiea a ieieiaeueiua n?iee e n ieieiaeueiuie cao?aoaie
?acoeueoaoia oao, eoi nicaeaao /oi-oi iiaia;

3. nio?aiaiea aeinoeaioouo iiceoeee a oa/aiea iaeneiaeueii aiciiaeiiai
ia?eiaea a?aiaie iooai iiauoaiey ea/anoaa, aeaeieciaiaiey anni?oeiaioa e
o.i. ia?.

44. Ioeaiea noaiaie iiaeciu oiaa?a.

Iiaay i?iaeoeoeey – ecaeaeea, iaeaaeathuaa aiciiaeiinoueth auiieiyoue
iiaoth eee aeiiieieoaeueioth ooieoeeth ii n?aaiaieth n aiaeiae/iie
i?iaeoeoeeae. N o/aoii auno?uo ia?aiai ai aeonao, oaoiieiaee e ninoiyiee
eiieo?aioeee oe?ia ia iiaeao iieaaaoueny oieueei ia nouanoaothuea iuia
oiaa?u. Iio?aaeoaeue oi/ao e aeaeao iiauo e oniaa?oainoaiaaiiuo
ecaeaeee. E eiieo?aiou i?eeiaeao iaeneioi oneeee, /oiau iaania/eoue aai
yoeie iiaeieaie. Neaaeiaaoaeueii o eaaeaeie oe?iu aeieaeia auoue naiy
i?ia?aiia ?ac?aaioee iiauo oiaa?ia.

?ac?aaioea iiaiai oiaa?a aeeth/aao neaaeothuea yoaiu:

1. Enneaaeiaaiea iioeaia iieoiaoaeueneiai iiaaaeaiey.

2. Oi?ioee?iaea eaeae iiaiai oiaa?a.

3. I?iaa?ea e ioai? iiaeoiaeyueo eaeae.

4. ?ac?aaioea oaoie/aneiai i?aaeeiaeaiey iiaiai oiaa?a.

5. I?iaa?ea oaoie/aneiai i?aaeeiaeaiey.

6. I?iaaaeaiea yeiii/aneiai aiaeeca oeaeaniia?aciinoe i?iecaiaenoaa
iiaiai oiaa?a.

7. Ecaioiaeaiea iiuoiiai ia?acoea.

8. Ecaioiaeaiea iiuoiie ia?oee.

9. I?iaiue ia?eaoeia – eco/aiea e aiaeec ?uiea i?e i?iecaiaenoaa iiaiai
oiaa?a, eioi?ue inouanoaeyaony a ia?aie/aiiua n?iee ia aaia?aoe/anee
neiioeaio?e?iaaiiii ?uiea.

10. Ioeaiea ?acoeueoaoia i?iaiiai ia?eaoeiaa.

11. Na?eeiia i?iecaiaenoai.

12. Eiiia?/aneay ?aaeecaoeey na?eeiie i?iaeoeoeee.

Iao?eoea anni?oeiaioiuo a?oii oiaa?ia ?ac?aaaouaaaony aeey ii?aaeaeaiey:

1. Oiaa?a, caieiathuaai aaaeouaa ianoi ia ?uiea.

2. Aeeiaieee ?uieia oe?iu.

3. Ii?aaeaeaiey ninoiyiey yoeo ?uieia (nie?auathony, noaaeeece?othony
eee ?acaeaathony).

Ooiaeaiaio iao?eoeu – i?aaeiieiaeaiea i oii, /ai aieueoa iauai
i?iecaiaenoaa ia ?uiea, oai iaiueoa ioiineoaeueiua ecaea?aeee, oai
aieueoa i?eaueue.

1. Caacaeu eee oaai?eou. A NOA – 31%. Ia?e?aoeiaiaay no?aoaaey (IN):
Iiaeaea?aeaiea eee oneeaiea aeiee ia ?uiea: ?aeeaia, iaeioi?ia nieaeaiea
oeai. Ae. oeaeue – iiaeaea?aeaoue i?aeiouanoaa a oneiaeyo iiauoathuaeny
eiieo?aioeee.

I?aeiouanoaa: Aeatho aieueooth i?eaueue, ni?in aieueoa i?aaeeiaeaiey,
“–”: Iiaeaea?aeaiea eeaee?othuae ?iee o?aaoao aieueoeo cao?ao ia
?aeeaio, nicaeaiey eieaeaea. Anee n?aaenoa iao, oi caacaeu i?aa?auathony
a “aeieiuo ei?ia”.

2. Aeieiua ei?iau (aea?aai n cieiouie ieiaeaie). A NOA – 36%. IN:
iiaeaea?aeaiea nouanoaothuaai iieiaeaiey.

Oaiiu ?inoa i?iaeaae nieaeathony, io?aneue ia?aaenoaao auoue aeeiaie/ii
?acaeaathueeny. Iie iiaoo eeaee?iaaoue a noaaeeueiie io?anee. “+”:
eiatho i?aaeaiiuo eeeaioia, noaaeeueiue nauo, cao?aou ia ia?aeoeia ia
aaeeee, onoie/eaay, iaaeaaeiay i?eaueue.

I?eia?: no?ieoaeueiue aoi.

3. Iiae?anoathuaa iieieaiea. A NOA – 18%. IN: Eioaineoeeaoeey
ia?eaoeiaa: iiene iiauo ?uieia, iieoiaoaeae, iiauo oeai, eeai ooiae n
?uiea.

Aeeiaie/anee ?acaeaathony, eiatho aieueoie iioaioeeae, iie iiaoo noaoue
caacaeaie. Iacia/eoaeueii aicaeaenoaotho ia ?uiie, eiatho
iacia/eoaeueioth iiaeaea?aeeo iieoiaoaeae. “+”: oiaa?u i?eiaaeeaaeao e
?acaeaathuaeny io?anee. “–”: ia aeatho i?eaueoe, o?aaotho aieueoeo
cao?ao, aunieee ?ene.

I?eia?: aiai?yuee neaiae caaeiaai oiaea.

4. Ian/anoiua (iiaeoua) niaaee, Nooinoie. A NOA – 15%. IN: nie?auaiea
eee i?ae?auaiey i?iecaiaenoaa e i?iaeaaee yoeo oiaa?ia. Ooiae n ?uiea.

Ia?aie/aiiue iauai nauoi, iaaieueoay aeiey ia ?uiea. I?iaeoeoeey
oie?athuae eee noaaeeueiie io?anee. “–”: ionoatho io eiieo?aioia ii anai
iieacaoaeyi: nauoo, cao?aoai. Ia eiatho ia?niaeoea, a eo/oai neo/aa
iiaoo noaoue aeieiie ei?iaie.

I?eia?: aaeioe.

Noaaea i?aaei?eieiaoaeae aeieaeia auoue ia ia?aua o?e a?oiiu. Eaaeaeue
oiaa? aua?aiiie anni?oeiaioiie a?oiiu ioeaieaaaony a oi/ee c?aiey
aeeiaieee.

50. Yeaiaio oeaiiia?aciaaiey – neeaeee e i?aiee.

Onoaiiaeaiea oeai ni neeaeeaie e ca/aoaie.

A ea/anoaa aiciaa?aaeaeaiey iio?aaeoaeae ca ii?aaeaeaiiua aeaenoaey,
oaeea, eae ?aiiyy iieaoa n/aoia, caeoiee aieueoiai iauaia eee
aianaciiiua iieoiee, iiiaea oe?iu aioiau eciaiyoue naie enoiaeiua oeaiu.

Neeaeee ca ieaoaae iaee/iuie. Oiaiueoaiea oeaiu aeey iieoiaoaeae,
eioi?ua iia?aoeaii iiea/eaatho n/aoa.

Neeaeea ca eiee/anoai caeoiaaiiai oiaa?a. Oiaiueoaiea oeaiu aeey
iieoiaoaey, i?eia?aoathueo aieueoea eiee/anoaa oiaa?a. Yeiiiiey
neeaaeuaaaony ca n/ao nie?auaiey ecaea?aeae ii i?iaeaaea,
iiaeaea?aeaieth caiania e o?ainii?oe?iaea oiaa?a. Neeaeee neoaeao aeey
iio?aaeoaey noeioeii aeaeaoue caeoiee e iaeiiai i?iaeaaoea, a ia o
ianeieueeeo iinoaaueeia.

Ooieoeeiiaeueiua neeaeee. Yoe neeaeee i?iecaiaeeoaee i?aaeeaaatho
neoaeaai oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey, auiieiythuei ii?aaeaeaiiua ooieoeee ii
i?iaeaaea oiaa?a, aai o?aiaieth, aaaeaieth o/aoa.

Naciiiua neeaeee. Oiaiueoaiea oeaiu aeey iio?aaeoaeae, niaa?oathueo
aianaciiiua iieoiee oiaa?ia eee oneoa. Yoe neeaeee iicaieytho i?iaeaaoeo
iiaeaea?aeeaaoue aieaa noaaeeueiue o?iaaiue i?iecaiaenoaa a oa/aiea
anaai aiaea.

Ca/aou. Iiae ieie iiieiatho ae?oaea aeaeu neeaeie n i?aeneo?aioiie
oeaiu. Oiaa?iiaiaiiue ca/ao – yoi oiaiueoaiea oeaiu iiaiai oiaa?a i?e
oneiaee nea/e noa?iai. *anoi i?eiaiyaony i?e oi?aiaea aaoiiiaeeyie e
iaeioi?uie ae?oaeie eaoaai?eyie oiaa?ia aeeeoaeueiiai iieueciaaiey. Iiae
ca/aoaie ia noeioee?iaaiea nauoue iiieiatho auieaou eee neeaeee n oeaiu
aeey aiciaa?aaeaeaiey aeeea?ia ca o/anoea a i?ia?aiiao ?aeeaiu e
iiaeaea?aeaiey nauoa.

Onoaiiaeaiea oeai aeey noeioee?iaaiey nauoa.

Onoaiiaeaiea oeai aeey noeioee?iaaiey nauoa i?ienoiaeeo a ?aciuo oi?iao:

1. Oieaa?naiu e oieaa?iaae onoaiaaeeaatho ia iaeioi?ua oiaa?u oeaiu eae
ia “oauoi/iuo eeaea?ia” ?aaee i?eaea/aiey iieoiaoaeae a iaaacei a
iaaeaaeaea, /oi iie caiaeii i?eia?aooo e ae?oaea oiaa?u n iau/iuie
iaoeaieaie.

2. Aeey i?eaeai/aiey aieueoiai /enea eeeaioia a ii?aaeaeaiiua ia?eiaeu
a?aiaie i?iaeaaoeu iieuecothony oeaiaie aeey iniauo neo/aaa. Oae, a
yiaa?a ono?aeaathony ceiiea ?ani?iaeaaee aeey i?eaea/aiey ooiieaiiuo io
i?aaeiiaiaiaeieo iieoiie ethaeae.

3. Eiiaaea i?iecaiaeeoaee i?aaeeaaatho iio?aaeoaeyi, iieoiathuei oiaa? o
aeeea?ia a ii?aaeaeaiiue io?acie a?aiaie, neeaeeo iaee/iuie. Iia
i?iecaiaeeony iaiin?aaenoaaiii iio?aaeoaeth.

Onoaiiaeaiea aeene?eieiaoeeiiiuo oeai.

N o/aoii ?acee/ee a iio?aaeoaeyo, oiaa?ao, ianoiinoyo e o.i. oe?iu /anoi
aiinyo ei??aeoeau a naie oeaiu. I?e onoaiiaeaiee aeene?eieiaoeeiiiuo
oeai oe?ia i?iaeaao oiaa? eee oneoao ii aeaoi eee aieaa ?aciui oeaiai
aac o/aoa ?acee/ee a ?aciuo oi?iao.

I?aiee?

Aeeao 5.

5. Eiioeaioeee ia?eaoeiaa. Yaiethoeey ia?eaoeiaa.

Eiioeaioeey ia?eaoeiaa – yoi i?eaioaoeey ia ioaeaeu e iio?aaiinoe
eeeaioia, iiaee?aieaiiay eiiieaeniuie oneeeyie ia?eaoeiaa, iaoeaeaiiuie
ia nicaeaiea iio?aaeoaeueneie oaeiaeaoai?aiiinoe a ea/anoaa iniiau aeey
aeinoeaeaiey oeaeae i?aaiecaoeee. Iia ooaa?aeaeaao, /oi caeiaii
aeinoeaeaiey oeaeae i?aaiecaoeee yaeyaony ii?aaeaeaiea ioaeae e
iio?aaiinoae oeaeaauo ?uieia e iaania/aiea aeaeaaiie oaeiaeaoai?aiiinoe
aieaa yooaeoeaiuie niiniaaie, /ai o eiieo?aioia. Aeey yoiai iaiaoiaeeii:

1. Iia?aoeaiia e aeinoiaa?iia auyaeaiea nouanoaothuaai e
iioaioeeaeueiiai ni?ina. Aeinoeaaaony, iai?eia?, iooai i?iaaaeaiey
eiiieaeniuo oanoia e o. i.

2. Yoaeoeaiay iao/ii-oaoie/aneay aeayoaeueiinoue ii nicaeaieth iiauo
ia?acoeia oiaa?ia.

3. Eiiaeiaoeey ieaie?iaaiey, i?iecaiaenoaa e oeiaine?iaaiey i?iaeoeoeee.

4. Nicaeaiea e niaa?oainoaiaaiea ?aoeeiiaeueiie nenoaiu ?aaeecaoeee
i?iaeoeoeee.

5. Iineaaeiaaoaeueiia ?aaoee?iaaiea e ei??aeoe?iaaiea
i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe oe?iu.

Ia?eaoeia aiciee ia ?oaaaea 19-20 aaeia. I?e/eiie aai aicieeiiaaiey
yaeeinue oi, /oi ia ?oaaaea aaeia a ?yaea no?ai oaeiaeaoai?aiea ana
aieueoeo iio?aaiinoae iieoiaoaeae, oneeaiea eiieo?aioeee i?eaaee e
iieneo iiauo iiaeoiaeia ii oi?aaeaieth ?uieii, noeioee?iaaieth ni?ina.

19. Iauaoe?iaiiay no?aoaaey eae iaeia ec oi?i au?aaeaiey I. no?aoaaee
(aiciiaeii ia oi !!!).

1) N oeaeueth ii?aaeaeaiey oeaeae oe?iu iia aeieaeia au?aaioaoue
i?eioeeiu naiaai aeaeueiaeoaai ?acaeoey – no?aoaaeth ?inoa. Iaaei
ii?aaeaeeoue ianoi oe?iu ia ?uiea.

Iao?eoea no?aoaaee ?inoa:

?uiee Nouanoaothuea Iiaua

Oiaa?u Aa?iyoiinoue oniaoa, % Ecaea?aeee, % Aa?iyoiinoue oniaoa, %
Ecaea?aeee, %

Nouano-aothuea Eioaineaiia aiaae?aiea ia ?uiie ?anoe?aiea a?aieoe ?uiea

50 100 20 400

Iiaua ?anoe?aiee anni?oeiaio Aeeaa?neoeeaoeey

30-35 800 5 1200-1600

Iaiaoiaeeii noaaeoue aeaa aii?ina: eaeao ee ?a/ue i iiaii ecaeaeee e
anee oniaoii i?iaeaaony, oi iiaeii ee aeoeaece?iaaoue i?iaeaaee.

Aeeaa?neoeeaoeey – oaaee/aiea eiee/anoaa iaeiaiiaaoee oiaa?ia e oneoa
(ia CeEa auioneaee oieiaeeeueieee).

No?aoaaey eiieo?aioeee:

Eeaea?noai ii oeaiai ?aoaiea i?iaeaiu

Ia?aaioea aieueoiai naaiaioa ?uiea 1. Eeaea?noai ii ?anoiaeai e oeaiai
2. Aeeooa?aioeeaoeey – ?aoaiea i?iaeai aieueoeo naaiaioia

3. Naeaeoeaiay ia?aaioea ?uiea

Ia?aaioea iaeiai naaiaioa ?uiea Eeaea?noai ii oeaiai a naaiaioa
I?aaeeiaeaiea n?aaenoa ?aoaiey i?iaeai a naaiaioa

Aeey e?oiiuo oe?i:

1. E?oiiay oe?ia eee iauaaeeiaiea iiaeao caaiaaaoue ?uiie iooai auionea
e nauoa aieueoiai eiee/anoaa oiaa?a ii ioiineoaeueii ieceei oeaiai.

2. I?iaeoeoeey oe?iu eiaao iniaua naienoaa (aa?aioey, na?aen, oeaao…).

Ia aeey e?oiiuo oe?i:

3. Naeaeoeaiay ia?aaioea ?uiea ia iaeuo naaiaioao- eoaea ia i?iieeatho
e?oiiua oe?iu.

36. Aeeiaieea iieacaoaeae “aieinoe ?uiea”.

A caaea/e i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai enneaaeiaaiey ?uiea aoiaeyo:

1. Auai? ?uieia, aaea aiciiaeai iaeneiaeueiue nauo;

2. Iieo/aiea eioi?iaoeee i aieinoe ?uiea.

Aieinoue – niiniaiinoue ?uiea iiaeioeoue ii?aaeaeaiiia eiee/anoai oiaa?i
a ii?aaeaeaiiia a?aiy.

Nthaea aeeth/athony oaeea iieacaoaee, eae:

– ii?aaeaeaiea eiee/anoaa eiieo?aioia,

– ii?aaeaeaiea aeiee eiieo?eioia ia ?uiea,

– ii?aaeaeaiea io?aneae eee i?aaei?eyoee, yaeythueony iaeaieaa e?oiiuie
io?aaeoaeyie,

– ii?aaeaeaiea no?oeoo?u iio?aaeaiey oiaa?ia ia?aie / ia ia?aie
iaiaoiaeeiinoe,

– ii?aaeaeaiea ?acia?ia i?iecaaaenoaaiiiai no?ieoaeuenoaa e eciaiaiey a
no?oeoo?a iio?aaeaiey.

Yoe iieacaoaee iiiiaatho noaeeoue i oeaeaniia?aciinoe i?iieeiiaaiey ia
iiaee ?uiie, i i?aaeiieaaaaiuo cao?aoao e ianooaaao aeayoaeueiinoe, i
iioaioeeaeueiuo eeeaioao.

3. Eiioeaio?aoeey ?ano?nia ia ia?niaeoeaiii ?uiea.

42. Iaoiaeu i?iaeeaiey aeeciaiiai oeeeea oiaa?a.

Oacu aeeciaiiiai oeeeea:

1 2 3 4 5

oauoee i?eaueue oauoee

1. Auaaaeaiea, iiyaeaiea, aiaae?aiea ia ?uiea, ca?iaeaeaiea.

Ca?iaeaeaiea oiaa?a e auoiae ia ?uiie.

2. ?ino, ?acaeoea.

Oiaa? iaeia?yaony iieoiaoaeai e ni?in ?acei ?anoao,

3. A aaniethoiii ioiioaiee iauaiu i?iaeaae oaaee/eaathony, a oaiiu ?inoa
nieaeathony,

4. Ia/eiaaony nia/aea nieaeaiea iauaiia i?iaeaae, a iioii ?aceee niaae,

5. Oiaa? ?aci/a?iauaaao iieoiaoaeae e ooiaeeo n ?uiea.

I?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue aeeciaiiiai oeeeea (AEOe) oiaa?a caaeneo io:

1. Oaoie/aneie neiaeiinoe ecaeaeey, /ai neiaeiaa, oai aieueoa AEOe.

2. Io iauaia iiauo n?aaenoa.

3. Io iaee/ey eiieo?aioia. *ai eo aieueoa, oai ei?i/a AEOe.

4. Io ea/anoaa ia?eaoeiaiauo enneaaeiaaiee e noaiaie niioaaonoaey
eiie?aoeea iieoiaoaeae.

1. Anee iao ieoiaaiinoe cao?ao:

a) iaaei oaaee/eoue cao?aou ia niaa?oainoaiaaieia oiaa?a (ea/anoai,
aeecaei). Ieoiaaiinoue aoaeao, anee iieoiaoaee aai i?eioo. Iaiaoiaeeii
oaaee/aiea ia?eaoeiaiauo ?anoiaeia.

52. Iniaaiiinoe oeaiiia?aciaaiey a nia?aiaiiie ?innee.

68. Eieaeae oe?iu.

Eieaeae – yoi ia?ac, eioi?ue iiiiaaao cae?aieoue o iio?aaeoaey i?eau/ee,
i?aaenoaaeaiea i i?iaeoeoeee. Aai nicaeaiea i?ecaaii:

1) iieacaoue ?aciao oe?iu,

2) eioi?ie?iaaoue ia anni?oeiaioa e ea/anoaa oiaa?ia e oneoa,

3) eioi?ie?iaaoue i o?aaeeoeeyo e a?aiaie nicaeaiey oe?iu,

4) i?iaeaiiino?e?iaaoue i?ioanneiiaeeci nio?oaeieeia oe?iu.

*oi eanaaony iinoaaueeia, oi iniiaiui oneiaeai aunieie ?aiooaoeee
aunooiaao naiaa?aiaiiinoue e iieiioa iieaou anao iinoaaie.

(122. Eieaeae oe?iu.=68)

Anee oe?ia noaaeo ia?aae niaie oeaee aeieain?i/iiai iieo/aiey i?eauee,
caiyoey eee nio?aiaiey onoie/eaiai iieiaeaiey ia ?uiea, oi ae
iaiaoiaeeii nicaeaoue aeinoieiue eieaeae.

Eieaeae – yoi ia?ac oe?iu a aeacao aa iio?aaeoaeae, ia?oia?ia,
eiaanoi?ia, ain-aa.

Yeaiaiou eieiaeaea:

– ?aciao aeayoaeueiinoe,

– anni?oeiaio e ea/anoai i?iaeoeoeee,

– o?aaeeoeee,

– aunieee i?ioanneiiaeeci.

Nicaeaieai aeaaii?eyoiiai eieaeaea ia oe?ia caieiathony niaoeeaeenou ii
Public relations (naycyi n iauanoaaiiinoueth).

Aeeao 6.

6. Iniaaiiinoe ia?eaoeiaa ia ?inneeneii ?uiea.

A yiaa?a 1995 aiaea nicaeaia ?inneeneay annioeeaoeey ia?eaoeiaa.

Oneiaey aicieeiiaaiey ia?eaoeiaa a ?innee:

1. Ii?aaeaeaiiue o?iaaiue nioeeaeueii- yeiiiie/aneiai ?acaeoey.

2. Aiciiaeiinoue auno?iai eciaiaiey anni?oeiaioa i?iaeoeoeee aeey
aeinoeaeaiey ?aaiiaaney ni?ina e i?aaeeaaeaiey.

3. Nicaeaiea i?aaeiinueie aeey i?aaiecaoeee nenoaiu aioo?aiieo naycae.

Iio?aaiinoue a ia?eaoieiaee aic?anea a 5-6 ?ac, /oi yaeyaony naiui
auno?ui ec ecaanoiuo oaiiia ?inoa.

Ia/aeueiue yoai ?acaeoey ?uiea a ?innee iaeeaaeuaaao naie ioia/aoie ia
iiaaaeaiea oe?i e auai? eie ?uii/iie ieoe. A /anoiinoe, i?eaioaoeey
eaeao ia naaiaio iaeaieaa aiaaouo ethaeae, eioi?ua iiaoo eoieoue
i?aeoe/anee ana.

1) Ia?eaoeia aaaeoueo oe?i ni?eaioe?iaai ia aiaaouo iieoiaoaeae.

2) Iniaia ioiioaiea e eiino?aioeai, aeene?eieiaoeey ioa/anoaaiiuo
iieoiaoaeae.

3) ss?ei au?aaeaiiue e?eieiaeueiue iooaiie ia?eaoeiaa. I?e/eiu:

– iaaeinoaoie eiieo?aioeee;

– i?iaeaia oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey – /?acau/aeii aieueoea ?annoiyiey e aeeeiiay
oeaiue iin?aaeieeia (aei 30% io oeaiu),

– i?e eaaeaeie ia?ai?iaeaaea a oeaio caeeaaeuaaaony aunieay ii?ia
i?eauee aneaaenoaea aunieeo ?eneia a iaoae no?aia,

– aunieay noieiinoue iaaeaeaeeiinoe e a?aiaeu.

A ianoiyuaa a?aiy neooaoeey ia iaeiicia/ia. Ia ainoaea?noaaiiuo
i?aaei?eyoeyo iao n?aaenoa ia i?iaaaeaiea ia?eaoeiaa, oae eae i?eiyoea
oaeiai ?aoaiey yayaony i?a?iaaoeaie ainoaea?noaa. Ia i?aaei?eyoeyo
ae?oaeo oi?i nianoaaiiinoe aieueoa aiciiaeiinoae aeey i?eiaiaiey i?eaiia
ia?eaoeiaa. Iiaaeaeythuei ec ieo yaeyaony iiiuoea i?acaioaoeee iiaiai
oiaa?a iiauoaiiiai ea/anoaa, ii ii i?aaeiae oeaia. Auioneaaony i?aaeaea
anaai iaiaoiaeeiay iio?aaeoaeyi i?iaeoeoeey.

27. Oa?aeoa?enoeea naiaiaeiie eiieo?aoeee.

?uiie naiaiaeiie eiieo?aoeee ninoieo ec iiiaeanoaa i?iaeaaoeia e
iieoiaoaeae eaeiai-eeai noiaeiiai oiaa?a. Ie iaeei ioaeaeueiue
iieoiaoaeue eee i?iaeaaaoe ia ieacuaaao aieueoiai aeeyiey ia o?iaaiue
oaeoueo ?uii/iuo oeai oiaa?a. I?iaeaaaoe ia a ninoiyiee cai?ineoue oeaio
auoa ?uii/iie, iineieueeo iieoiaoaee iiaoo naiaiaeii i?eia?anoe ethaia
iaiaoiaeeiia ei eiee/anoai oia?a ii yoie ?uii/iie oeaia. Ia aoaeoo
i?iaeaaoeu ci?aoeaaoue e oeaio ieaea ?uii/iie, iineieueeo iiaoo
i?iaeaoue ana, /oi ioaeii, ii nouanoaothuae ?uii/iie oeaia. I?iaeaaoeu
ia yoeo ?uieo ia o?aoyo iiiai a?aiaie ia ?ac?aaioeo no?aoaaee
ia?eaoeiaa, eai aei oao ii?, iiea ?uiie inoaaony ?uieii naiaiaeiie
eiieo?aioeee, ?ieue ia?eaoeiaiauo enneaaeiaaiee, aeayoaeueiinoe ii
?ac?aaioea oiaa?a, iieeoeee oeai, ?aeeaiu, noeioee?iaaiey nauoa e i?i/eo
ia?ii?eyoee ieieiaeueia.

40. Aeaeu oiaa?ia. Oiaa?iue anni?oeiaio, aai no?oeoo?a.

Oiaa?u iiaoo ?acee/aoueny:

– ooieoeeiiaeueiui iacia/aieai,

– iaaeaaeiinoueth,

– aeieaiaa/iinoueth,

– oaeianoaii eniieueciaaiey,

– ynoaoe/iinoueth aiaoiaai aeaea,

– oiaeiaeie,

– ianeoaeeaaieai,

– aa?aioeae,

– nii?iaiaeeo. aeieoiaioaie e eino?oeoeeyie.

Aeaeu oiaa?ia.

– oiaa?u aeeeoaeueiiai eniieueciaaiey ((1 aiaea),

– e?aoein?i/iiai eniieueciaaiey (oiaa? iieiinoueth iio?aaeyaony ca iaeei
eee ianeieueei oeeeeia),

– oiaa? ?uii/iie iiaeciu (iiaoo auoue aeaaea eaeae),

– ieiia?iue – oiaa?, iaania/eaathuee oaeiaeaoai?aiea niaa?oaiii iiaie
iio?aaiinoe eee aieaa iieiia e ea/anoaaiiia oaeiaeaoai?aiea oaea
nouanoaothueo iio?aaiinoae. Ieiia?iua oiaa?u yaeythony eeth/aauie aeey
eiiia?/aneiai oniaoa oe?iu. Eae i?aaeei, oe?ia ia yoe oiaa?u iacia/aao
iiiiiieueiua oeaiu.

Oiaa?iay aaeeieoea — yoi oeaeinoiinoue ii?aaeaeaiiie aaee/eiu aiaoiaai
aeaea e oeaiu (othaee io coaiie ianou).

Anni?oeiaio (oiaa?iue) — yoi a?oiia oiaa?ia naycaiiuo iaaeaeo niaie eeai
iauiinoueth eniieueciaaiey e ooieoeeiie?iaaiey, eeai i?iaeathueony /a?ac
iaeie e oa aea oi?aiaua oi/ee, eeai i?aaeaeao iaeeiaeiaiai aeeaiaciia
oeai.

Iiiaieeaoo?a — anni?oeiaioiay a?oiia oiaa?ia e oiaa?iua aaeeieoeu,
?aaeecoaiua iaeiei i?iaeaaoeii. “Caeii ?O ii oiaa?iui ciaeai, ciaeai
ianeoaeeaaiey e iaeiaiiaaieyi iano i?ienoiaeaeaiey oiaa?ia” (oaa?aeue
1992a.)

Oiaa?iue ciae — oe?iaiiua eiy, ciae, oiaa?iue ia?ac eee eo ni/aoaiea,
ca?aaeno?e?iaaiiua a onoaiiaeaiiii ii?yaeea, o.a. th?eaee/anee
caueuaiiua. Oia. ciaee nouanoaotho aeey ioee/ey oiaa?ia e oneoa iaeiiai
i?iecaiaeeoaey io iaeii?iaeiuo oiaa?ia e oneoa ae?oaiai i?iecaiaeeoaey.

Yeaiaioaie oiaa?iiai ciaea ia iiaoo auoue: yiaeaiu, aa?au eee oeaae
ainoaea?noa, i?aaeoaeuenoa, iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo i?aaiecaoeee e ae?.
aa?aeueaee/aneea iaicia/aiey, a oaeaea aaia?aoe/aneea iacaaiey, iienaiey
oiaa?iuo naienoa ecaeaeee, o.e. iie ia yaeythony iauaeoii
eneeth/eoaeueiie nianoaaiiinoe.

Oiaeiaea — iaiei/ea aeey oiaa?a. Iia yaeyaony aaaeiui iineoaeai ?aeeaiu,
iaeaa/aao o?ainii?oe?iaeo e neeaaee?iaaiea oiaa?a, i?aaeio?aiyao io
ii?/e e iaania/eaaao iioeiaeueiua ii aano e iauaio aaeeieoeu aeey
i?iaeaaee.

Oe?iaiiia eiy — aoeau e neiaa, eniieuecoaiua aeey eaeaioeoeeaoeee
oiaa?a.

I?iaeoeoeey – niaieoiiinoue i?aaeeaaaaiuo i?iecaiaeeoaeai ia ?uiea
iaoa?eaeueiuo ?acoeueoaoia o?oaea, iai?aaeyaiuo ia oaeiaeaoai?aiea
iio?aaiinoae iio?aaeoaeae.

Eeanneoeeaoeey i?iaeoeoeee:

1. Iio?aaeoaeueneea oiaa?u:

– oiaa?u iianaaeiaaiiai ni?ina: oeaa, iieiei.

– oiaa?u i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai auai?a: iaeaaeaea, aaeineiaaeu, aaoiiiaeee.

– oiaa?u iniaiai ni?ina: ia?i/iia aeii, i/aiue aei?iaea ae?aaioeaiiinoe.

– oiaa?u ianneaiiai ni?ina: iie iaiaoiaeeiu i?e ?iaeaeaiee eee i?e
nia?oe.

2. Iio?aaeoaeueneea oneoae:

– naycaiiua n a?aiaeie oiaa?ia: i?ieao aaoiiiaeeae, ioaeue.

– naycaiiua n i?eiaaeeaaeaueie oiaa?aie: ?aiiio, oei/enoea.

– naycaiiua n ieacaieai ee/iuo oneoa iaoiaa?iiai oa?aeoa?a: th?eno,
aoaeeoi?, ia ?eeiaoa?.

3. Oiaa?u i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai iacia/aiey:

– eaieoaeueiia eiouanoai: caeaiey, nii?oaeaiey, iai?oaeiaaiea.

– nu?uea, iaoa?eaeu, cai/anoe.

– i?iecaiaenoaaiiua caianu.

4. Oneoae i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai iacia/aiey:

– oneoae ii yenieoaoaoeee e ?aiiioo: io?aia, ?aiiio.

– aeaeiaua eiinoeueoaoeeiiiua oneoae: ?aeeaia, i?aaiaay iiiiuue.

– Oiaa?iue anni?oeiaio – a?oiia oiaa?ia, oanii naycaiiuo iaaeaeo niaie
eeai a neeo oiai, /oi eo i?iaeatho iaeiei e oai aea a?oiiai eeeaioia,
eee /a?ac iaeie e oa aea oeiu oi?aiauo caaaaeaiee, eee a ?aieao iaeiiiai
e oiai aea aeeaiaciia oeai. Eaaeaeue oiaa?iue anni?oeiaio o?aaoao
nianoaaiiie no?aoaaee ia?eaoeiaa.

56. Oa?aeoa?enoeea eaiaeia oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey e nauoa.

Eaiaeu oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey – niaieoiiinoue ?acee/iuo i?aaiecaoeee e
ioaeaeueiuo eeoe (iio?aaeoaeae), naycaiiuo n ia?aaeaeaeaieai e iaiaiii
oiaa?ia.

Nouanoaotho neaaeothuea eaiaeu oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey:

1.I?inoie eaiae oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey: i?iaeaeaeaiea o-?ia aac eniieuec-y
iin?aaeieeia, THE iai?yioth oi?aoao n iio?aaeoaeai. I?iecaiaeeoaeue (
Eiia/iue iio?aaeoaeue .

Eiia/. iio?-eue – oio, eoi eniieuecoao i?iaeoeoeeth aeey oaeiaeaoai?aiey
naieo iio?aaiinoae.

Yoio aa?eaio eniieuecoaony a neo/aa, eiaaea i?iecaiaeeoaeue ia aeaeaao
ioaeaaaoue /anoue i?eauee iin?aaeieeai, eiaaea ni?in ia oiaa? aunieee,
oiaa? aunieiaeioiaeiue. Yoio aa?eaio eiaao ia?aie/aiiua aiciiaeiinoe ai
a?aiaie, i?ino?ainoaa e aeaiueaao. Oiaa? a aeaiiii neo/aa iiaeii
i?iaeaaaoue a?aciin, iinuei/iui niiniaii e /a?ac i?eiaaeeaaeauea
i?iecaiaeeoaeth iaaaceiu.

2. Neiaeiue eaiae oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey: iaycaoaeueii i?enoonoaoao
iacaaeneiue o/anoiee oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey. A yoii neo/aa i?iecaiaeeoaeue
eeoaaony /anoe i?eauee a iieueco iin?aaeieea. Caeanue iiyoue nouanoaoao
ianeieueei aa?eaioia:

Ianiio?y ia oi, /oi, eniieuecoy iin?aaeieeia, i?iecaiaeeoaeue oa?yao
/anoue i?eauee, eo eniieueciaaiea iauyniyaony a iniiaiii eo
iai?aacieaeaiiie yooaeoeaiinoueth a iaania/aiee oe?ieie aeinooiiinoe
oiaa?a e aeiaaaeaiey aai aei oeaeaauo ?uieia. Aeaaiaea?y naiei
eiioaeoai, iiuoo, niaoeeaeecaoeee e ?aciaoo aeayoaeueiinoe iin?aaeieee
i?aaeeaaatho oe?ia aieueoa oiai, /oi iia iau/ii iiaeao naeaeaoue a
iaeeii/eo. Oae, iai?eia?, ?aaioa ianeieueeeo i?iecaiaeeoaeae /a?ac
iaeiiai aeeno?eauethoa?a, eioi?ue onoaiaaeeaaao eiioaeou n ianeieueeeie
i?iecaiaeeoaeyie, cia/eoaeueii niinianoaoao yeiiiiee e a?aiaie, e
aeaiaa, e nie?auaieth iauaia ?aaiou. Iin?aaeieee auiieiytho ?yae i/aiue
aaaeiuo ooieoeee:

– i?iaiaeyo nai? eioi?iaoeee, iaiaoiaeeiie aeey ieaie?iaaiey e
iaeaa/aiey iaiaia;

– noeioee?otho nauo;

– iaeaaeeaatho e iiaeaea?aeeaatho eiioaeou n iinoiyiiuie iieoiaoaeyie;

– iiaeaiiytho oiaa? iiae o?aaiaaiey iieoiaoaeae (ni?oe?iaea, iiioaae,
oiaeiaea);

– niaeanotho ?acee/iua oneiaey e oeaiu;

– i?eieiatho ia naay ?enee e ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca ooieoeeiie?iaaiea
eaiaea.

66. Iaaeee-?eeaeoic.

Iaaeee-?eeaeoaic i?aaenoaaeytho niaie nayce n iauanoaaiiinoueth. Eae
i?aaeei, a e?oiiuo oe?iao nouanoaotho niaoeeaeueiua ioaeaeu,
caieiathueany eie. Ia neaaeoao ioiaeaeanoaeyoue iaaeee-?eeaeoaic n
?aeeaiie, oae eae iia i?ecaaia iiauneoue iieoiaoaeueneee ni?in, a
iaaeee-?eeaeoaic eiatho naiae oeaeueth oaeiaeaoai?eoue eioa?an
iauanoaaiiinoe, ii?ie aeinoaoi/ii i?acaeiue, e no?oeoo?a e i?eioeeiai
aeayoaeueiinoe oe?iu. Aeaiiay iniaaiiinoue i?iyaeyaony a oii, /oi
ioaeaeu iaaeee-?eeaeoaic eiatho ianoi ioithaeue ia oieueei a
eiiia?/aneeo oe?iao, ii e a ainoaea?noaaiiuo i?aaiecaoeeyo.

Oeie/iue i?eia?, aeieacuaathuee iaiaoiaeeiinoue iaaeee-?eeaeoaic: iinea
aaa?ee ia *a?iiaueueneie AYN ai O?aioeee ?acaa?ioeinue iiuiia
iauanoaaiiia aeaeaeaiea, iio?aaiaaaoaa iacaiaaeeeoaeueiiai cae?uoey anao
aoiiiuo noaioeee a no?aia. Ii oae eae 80% yeaeo?iyia?aee ai O?aioeee
i?iecaiaeeony ia AYN, yoi, anoanoaaiii, auei au aano?aeii. Iiyoiio,
/oiau oniieieoue a?aaeaeai, ia eaaeaeie AYN aue o/?aaeaeai ioaeae
iaaeee-?eeaeoaic. Ooieoeee yoeo ioaeaeia: i?aaieciauaaoue yeneo?nee ii
oa??eoi?ee AYN, ciaeiieoue n oaoiieiae/aneeie i?ioeannaie e enoi?eae
?acaeoey aoiiiie yia?aaoeee, a iniaaiii – n ia?aie aaciianiinoe
noaioeee. Eae neaaenoaea yoiai, oaea e eiioeo 80-o aieueoeinoai
o?aioeocia iieiaeeoaeueii iocuaaeinue i aeayoaeueiinoe AYN. Iiieii
i?ioeaiaeaenoaey yeieiae/aneei aeoeaenoai, nouanoaotho e ae?oaea
ooieoeee iaaeee-?eeaeoaic a ainoaea?noaaiiuo i?aaiecaoeeyo: iaania/aiea
iauanoaaiiiai eiio?iey ca ?anoiaeiaaieai n?aaenoa iaeiaiieaoaeueueeia e
niaethaeaieai caeiiiinoe. A ia?aoth i/a?aaeue yoi eanaaony iai?iiiuo
aaaeiinoa e niaoeneoaea. Caeanue ?aaioa aaaeaony a iniiaiii iooai
ioaeeeaoeee aaeaaiaeiuo oeiainiauo io/aoia, a oaeaea eiea e noaoae,
iiioey?ii ?anneacuaathueo i iaoiaeao ?aaiou i?aaiecaoeee. A iineaaeiaa
a?aiy iiyaeeenue i?ia?anneaiua oi?iu ia?aaea/e oaeiai ?iaea
eioi?iaoeee – /a?ac eioa?iaoeeiiaeueiua eiiiuethoa?iua naoe, /oi aeaeaao
eioi?iaoeeth aeinooiiie i?aeoe/anee ii anaio ie?o. A ea/anoaa i?eia?a
iiaeii i?eaanoe aeayoaeueiinoue IAOI e OA?.

*oi eanaaony iaaeee-?eeaeoaic ia i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo oe?iao, oi iie iatho
naiae caaea/ae iiciaeiieoue iauanoaaiiinoue e i?aaenoaaeoaeae i?annu n
oeeinioeae oe?iu, aa enoi?eae, i?iecaiaeeiie i?iaeoeoeeae, io/anoe n
ieaiaie e ianiaeoeaiuie ?ac?aaioeaie, i?iaeaiiino?e?iaaoue oaaaeaiea e
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoao (a /anoiinoe, e i?aaai iio?aaeoaeae) e, i/aii /anoi,
e yeieiaee. I?e i?aaiecaoeee iaaeee-?eeaeoaic iaiaoiaeeii iiiieoue, /oi
cia/aiea eiaao oieueei oi/iay e naiaa?aiaiiay eioi?iaoeey. Iiyoiio, ciay
ia eioa?ana e aaoae oe?ia, iaaei anaaaea eiaoue iaiaoiaeeiua, n aaoae
oi/ee y?aiey, eiie?aoiua eioi?iaoeeiiiua iaoa?eaeu, i?iniaeou, aoeeaou e
o.ae. e iaania/eaaoue eie aeo?iaeenoia e ae?oaeo caeioa?aniaaiiuo eeoe
ii eo i?inueaa.

(eaeoeee:)

Public relations – nenoaia ia?ii?eyoee, inouanoaeyaiuo i?aeiouanoaaiii
ia iaeiiia?/aneie iniiaa e iai?aaeaiiua ia oi?ie?iaaiea aeaaii?eyoiiai
iauanoaaiiiai iiaiey ii ioiioaieth e i?iaeoeoeee oe?iu e naiie oe?ia.
Iineieueeo a eoiaa aunieee eiiia?/aneee ?acoeueoao oe?iu caaeneo io
oiai, eae ioiinyony e iae oe?ieea iannu iaoiaeyueany ia naiuo ?aciuo
o?iaiyo nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneiai iieiaeaiey a iauanoaa.

Iniiaiay oeaeue oe?iu, eniieuecothuay public relations – oaaaeeoue
iio?aaeoaeae a oii, /oi iie i?iecaiaeyo eee i?iaeatho naith i?iaeoeoeeth
i?aaeaea anaai a eioa?anao iio?aaeoaeae, o.a. oiaa?u e ecaeaeey eae
n?aaenoai ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeai iio?aaeoaeae, a ia iieo/aiea i?eauee.

Eaiaeu aeiaaaeaiey eioi?iaoeee aei ianniaie ioaeeee.

Iniiaiua ia?ii?eyoey public relations:

1. I?aaiecaoeey a?eoeiaia e i?ann-eiioa?aioeee

2. I?acaioaoeee.

3. Ioaeeeaoeey iaeiiia?/aneeo noaoae, iiaeaioiaea oaeaoeeueiia e eo
iieac.

4. THaeeaeiua ia?ii?eyoey.

5. Aeaaioai?eoaeueiay aeayoaeueiinoue a iieueco ioaeaeueiuo eeoe e
i?aaiecaoeee.

6. Ecaeaiea ia?aeeaiiuo oe?iaiiuo aeo?iaeia e atheeaoaiae.

7. Ioaeeeaoeee a ioe?uoie ia/aoe io/aoia i eiiia?/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe
oe?iu eee aaiea.

106. Yenii?oiue i?iaeoeo e yenii?oiay iieeoeea ?inneeneeo i?aaei?eyoee.

Oiaa? – na?aeoeaaeia anae yenii?oiie aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey. Anee
oiaa? ia a ninoiyiee oaeiaeaoai?eoue iio?aaiinoe ca?oaaaeiiai
iieoiaoaey, oi ieeaeea aeii. cao?aou ia niiaoo oeo/oeoue iieiaeaiea
oaeiai oiaa?a ia aiaoiai ?uiea. E iineieueeo oiaa? ii?aaeaeyao noaeueao
yenii?oa, oi e any niaieoiiinoue ia?, naycaiiuo n oiaa?ii, caieiaao
oeaio?aeueiia ianoi a yenii?oiie iieeoeea i?aaei?eyoey.

I?e auoiaea ia aiaoiee ?uiie oe?ia iaiaoiaeeii ii?aaeaeeoue, aoaeao ee
iia i?eniinaaeeaaoue naie eiiieaen ia?eaoeiaa, e a /anoiinoe oiaa?u, e
ianoiui oneiaeyi. Caeanue nouanoaoao ianeieueei aa?eaioia. Oae, oe?ia
iiaeao inouanoaeyoue ?ani?ino?aiaiea oiaa?a a iaeciaiiii aeaea, o.a. ia
aiineoue a iaai ieeaeeo eciaiaiee i?e auionea ia ca?oaaaeiua ?uiee. Yoa
no?aoaaey i?eaeaeaoaeueia iioiio, /oi ia o?aaoao aeii. cao?ao ia IEIE?,
ia?ainiauaiey i?i-aa. Iaeiaei a aeieain?i/iii ieaia iia iiaeao
ieacaoueny iai?eaueueiui aeaeii.

I?eniiniaeaiea oiaa?a i?aaeiieaaaao aianaiea a yoio oiaa? eciaiaiee a
niioaaonoaee n ianoiuie oneiaeyie eee i?aaeii/oaieyie. Iai?eia?, oe?ia
“Aeaeaia?ae ooaen” aioiaeo ?aciua eioaeiua niane aeey aiaee/ai (eioi?ua
iuetho eioa n iieieii), o?aioeocia (eioi?ua iuetho eioa /a?iui) e
eaoeiiaia?eeaioeaa (eioi?ua ethayo i?eaeon oeeei?ey).

Iaeiaei oniao i?aaei?eyoey caaeneo io naiaa?aiaiiiai ioeaca io i?i-aa
iaeiyooaeoeaiuo, ii?aeueii eciioaiiuo oiaa?ia e oaoiieiaee e ia?aoiaea
ia oae iacuaaaiua iiaeiee, iaania/eaathuea aieueoea aiciiaeiinoe a
oaeiaeaoai?aiee cai?inia iio?aaeoaeae, a oaeaea aieaa ?aoeeiiaeueiia e
yeiiiie/iia eo i?i-ai. Yoi oanii naycaii n eniieueciaaieai ?acoeueoaoia
iao/ii-enneaaeiaaoaeueneeo ?ac?aaioie, ioe?uoee, ecia?aoaiee e ae?oaie
eiiiaaoeeiiiie aeayoaeueiinoe, e-a nicaeathony a iao/iuo oeaio?ao e
?aaeecothony a oi?ia eeoeaicee, iaoaioia, iio-oao, a oaeaea
?ac?aaaouaathony nianoaaiiuie IEIE?-iiae?acaeaeaieyie e?oiiuo
ei?ii?aoeee.

?ac?aaioea iiaiai oiaa?a e auoiae n iei ia ie?iaie ?uiie i?aaeiieaaatho
i?ioiaeaeaiea ?yaea yoaiia:

1. Oi?ie?iaaiea eaeae iiaiai oiaa?a. Eaeay oiaa?a – iauaa i?aaenoaaeaiea
i aiciiaeiii oiaa?a, aai ooieoeeiiaeueiii iacia/aiee, iio?aaeoaeueiuo
nai-aao, e-a oe?ia n/eoaao aiciiaeiui i?aaeeiaeeoue ?uieo.

2. Ioai? eaeae n o/aoii ia?niaeoea ?aaeecaoeee. Oeaeue – eae iiaeii
?aiueoa auyaeoue e ioa?ineoue iai?eaiaeiua a aeaiiii neo/aa e
iaia?niaeoeaiua ia aeaiiia a?aiy eaeae.

3. ?ac?aaioea caiunea e aai i?iaa?ea. Ioia?aiiua eaeae oiaa?ia – aua ia
oiaa?u. Eo iaaei i?aa?aoeoue a caiunae, a caoai e a ia?ac oiaa?ia.

4. Aiaeec aiciiaeiinoae i?i-aa. Iaee/ea o?aaoaiiai ia?ea iai?oaeiaaiey,
iaiaoiaeeiinoue eaiaeiaeaiee e ae?oaea i?ieca. oaeoi?u nicaeatho
i?aaeiinueee aeey ?ac?aaioee eiino?oeoeee ecaeaeey, max niioaaonoaothuae
eiathueiny oneiaeyi aeey ( cao?ao ia inaiaiea i?i-aa.

5. I?iaeoe?iaaiea oiaa?a. Aeey iaoeiii-oaoie/aneeo ecaeaeee ?acee/atho
neaaeothuea yoaiu ?ac?aaioee: yneeciue i?iaeo, oaoie/aneee i?iaeo,
?aai/ee i?iaeo e eo aeaoaeueiay ?ac?aaioea.

6. I?iaiua i?iaeaaee (eniuoaiey a ?uii/iuo oneiaeyo). Anee oiaa? oniaoii
i?ioiaeeo ooieoeeiiaeueiua eniuoaiey, iaiaoiaeeii ecaioiaeoue
iaaieueooth na?eth oaeeo ecaeaeee aeey i?iaa?ee a ?uii/iuo oneiaeyo,
/oiau ociaoue acaeyaeu, ioeaiee e caia/aiey iio?aaeoaeae, aeeea?ia
ioiineoaeueii aeii. ia? oniaa?oainoaiaaiey i?iaeoeoeee.

7. ?acaa?ouaaiea e?oiiina?eeiiai, ianniaiai i?iecaiaenoaa. Yoi
ioaaonoaaiiue yoai aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey, iineieueeo ii naycai n
aieueoeie eiaanoeoeeyie ia nicaeaiea i/n i?i-aa. Aeey e?oiiuo oe?i yoi
cao?aou $10-50 iei. e aieaa. Iiyoiio, /oiau niyoue ?ene cia/eoaeueiiai
oua?aa, iaiaoiaeeii ouaoaeueii enneaaeiaaoue ?uiie aeey /aoeiai
ii?aaeaeaiey aiciiaeiinoae ?aaeecaoeee aeaiiiai oiaa?a.

8. Iino?iaiea aeeciaiiiai oeeeea oiaa?a (AEOeO). Aii?inu aeeeoaeueiinoe
nouanoaiaaiey oiaa?a ia eiieo?aioiii ?uiea, o.a. AEOeO, caieiatho iniaia
ianoi a oiaa?iie iieeoeea i?aaei?eyoey. Aeaiiay eiioeaioeey enoiaeeo ec
oiai, /oi ethaie oiaa? ?aii eee iicaeii auoaniyaony n ?uiea ae?oaei,
aieaa niaa?oaiiui e aeaoaaui. Iniaaiii yoi oa?aeoa?ii aeey yiioe IO?,
eiaaea ana oiaa?u, a iniaaiiinoe iaoeiii-oaoie/aneea ecaeaeey, auno?i
iiaeaa?aathony ii?aeueiiio eciino.

Aeeao 7.

7. Oeaee ia?eaoeiaa.

Oeaeyie ia?eaoeiaa yaeythony:

1) eiee/anoaaiiua – oaaee/aiea iauaia i?iaeaae, iai?ioa, i?eauee, aeiee
?uiea,

2) ea/anoaaiiua – nicaeaiea aeaaii?eyoiiai eieaeaea oiaa?o, iinoiyiiia
iaiiaeaiea anni?oeiaioa i?iaeoeoeee, iaania/aiea aeieain?i/iiai nauoa
i?iaeoeoeee.

I?ei?eoaoiua oeaee.

I?iecaiaenoai:

1. i?e?ino i?eauee

2. ?ac?aaioea iiaie i?iaeoeoeee

3. a?aiioiia oeaiiia?aciaaiea

Oneoae:

1. i?e?ino i?eauee

2. aeoeaiay, ianooiaoaeueiay ?aeeaiiay aeayoaeueiinoue

3. o?iaaiue OINNOEN (oi?ie?iaaiea ni?ina e noeioee?iaaiea nauoa)

21. Iniaaiiinoe ia?eaoeiaiaie no?aoaaee ia ?inneeneeo oe?iao.

No?aoaaey ia?eaoeiaa – ?aoeeiiaeueiia eiae/aneia iino?iaiea,
?oeiaiaenoaoynue eioi?ui i?aaiecaoeey ?an/eouaaao ?aoeoue naie caaea/e e
eioi?ia aeeth/aao a naay eiie?aoiua no?aoaaee ii oeaeaaui ?uieai,
eiiieaeno ia?eaoeiaa e o?iaith cao?ao ia ia?eaoeia. Oe?ia iaiaoiaeeii
?ac?aaaouaaoue niioaaonoaothuoth no?aoaaeth ia?eaoeiaa aeey ?aoaiey
oaeoueo caaea/ a noa?a ia?eaoeiaa.

Oae, aeey oaaee/aiey naiae aeiee ia ioa/anoaaiiii ?uiea oe?ia aoaeao
iaania/eaaoue aieueooth aeinooiiinoue naiaai oiaa?a e caeiaony aieaa
eioaineaiui noeioee?iaaieai. Aeey auoiaea aea ia iiaua ca?oaaaeiua ?uiee
iia aoaeao nieaeaoue oeaiu e nin?aaeioi/eo naie oneeey ia e?oiiuo
i?iecaiaenoaao.

Oaeei ia?acii, iu aeaeei, /oi no?aoaaey ia?eaoeiaa ii?aaeaeyaony enoiaey
ec oeaeae e caaea/ oe?iu.

A ianoiyuee iiiaio a ?innee iiaeii auaeaeeoue ianeieueei i?eioeeieaeueii
?aciuo iiceoeee ?inneeneeo oe?i.

Ia?aue aa?eaio: Iniiaiay no?aoaae – iaania/aiea i?aaeeiaeaiey
aunieiea/anoaaiiie i?iaeoeoeee, eioi?oth a ?innee ieeoi ia i?iecaiaeeo.
A yoii neo/aa oe?ia iiaeao aunooiaoue ia eae /enoue i?iecaiaeeoaeue, a
eae oe?ia, i?iaeathuay nu?uea, eeoeaicee, oaoiieiaee e iieooaa?eeaou.
E?iia oiai, oe?ia iiaeao i?iaeaaaoue naie oaea ?ane?o/aiiua oiaa?iua
ia?ee, iaania/eaay a oi aea a?aiy naay ?aeeaieie (naiaia?aciue ?aeeaiiue
oiae) – I?iecaaaeaii ii eeoeaicee…

Oe?ia, i?eaea?aeeaathuayny iiaeiaiie no?aoaaee, aeaeaao noaaeo ia /oi-oi
iiaia, a noa?ia ioaeaao. Iniiauiay caaea/a – au/eaiyoue, ia?aie/eaaoue
eioaeeaeooaeueioth nianoaaiiinoue e iiaei?iaea i?iaeaaaoue aa
eiiiaieyi-iiino?ai. Aeaiiay no?aoaaey i?eiaieia e eiiiaieyi iaoeiaieeo
io?aneae.

Aoi?ui cia/eoaeueiui noauaeoii n?aaee iiiai/eneaiiuo ?inneeneeo oe?i
yaeythony i?aaei?eyoey AIE. Caeanue (ia e?oiiuo iai?iiiuo caaiaeao)
i?eiaiei eeoue ianoaiaea?oiue ia?eaoeia: auaeaeaiea ianeieueeeo
i?ei?eoaoiuo iai?aaeaiee:

– iiene iiaie eee aeeaa?neoeoee?iaaiiie i?iaeoeoeee aeey iinoiyiiuo
caeac/eeia, iio?aaeoaeae – /oi iiaeii naeaeaoue, /oi ioaeii naeaeaoue;

– i?aaiecaoeey iaaieueoeo ii /eneaiiinoe no?oeoo? ii ?yaeo iai?aaeaiee
(naaoioaoieea, nenoaiu io?aiiie neaiaeecaoeee, iaaeaoeeia e o. i.),
aaeaaiie caaea/ae eioi?uo yaeyaony eco/aiea ?uiea nauoa, i?iniio?
aeieoiaioaoeee, aiaeec aiciiaeiinoae caaiaea(i?aaei?eyoey) ii
ecaioiaeaieth;

– ia?aniio? no?oeoo?u i?aaei?eyoey – oae?aiea eeoieo caaiueaa;

– caaea/a – o/eoueny oi?ioi oi?aiaaoue, aeiaiaeeoue i?iaeoeoeeth (a
oneiaeyo aeanoieie eieo?aioeee) ia oieueei aei iaaaceiia, ii e aei
eiie?aoiuo iieoiaoaeae, ca?aaaouaay e ia aeinoaaea, e ia na?aena;

– caaeaaoue ii?aaeaeaiioth ieoo ia ?uiea.

O?aoee aa?eaio – i?iiuoeaiiinoue aaoiiiaeeano?iaiey: i?aaei?eyoe anaaaea
noa?aeenue oioy au io/anoe niioaaonoaiaaoue ie?iaiio o?iaith. Ionthaea
neaaeiaaee aieueoea iauaiu yenii?oa (aeaaea a ?acaeoua no?aiu) – oeaiu
auee ioiineoaeueii iecee. I?e neiaeeaoeony eciaiaieyo a yeiiiieea
aaoiiiaeeueiay i?iiuoeaiiinoue auea auioaeaeaia aieueoa iiaa?iooueny
eeoeii e aioo?aiiaio iio?aaeoaeth, i?aaeinoaaeyy iaoe?iua na?aeniua
oneoae, naycaiiua n aa?aioeeiui ?aiiioii e oaoie/aneei ianeoaeeaaieai.

33. ?uii/iay naaiaioaoeey, aa iniaaiiinoe a ?innee.

Naaiaioaoeey ?uiea – iaeei ec aaaeiaeoeo yeaiaioia ia?eaoeiaa.

Oeaeue naaiaioaoeee – iaeneiaeueiia i?iieeiiaaiea ia ioaeaeueiua
?uii/iua naaiaiou aianoi ?aniueaiey oneeee ii anaio ?uieo.

Naaiaio ?uiea – a?oiia iio?aaeoaeae, iioaioeeaeueiuo iieoiaoaeae
eiie?aoiiai oiaa?a, iauaaeeiaiiuo ii iaeiiio eee ianeieueeei i?eciaeai
iio?aaeoaeae eee (e) oiaa?a.

Iniiaiua oa?aeoa?enoeee ?uii/iiai naaiaioa:

1) ?acia? naaiaioa – /enei iio?aaeoaeae;

2) aieinoue naaiaioa – aiciiaeiue iauai ?aaeecaoeee oiaa?a a
iaoo?aeueiuo eee noieiinoiuo aaeeieoeao.

Oneiaey oniaoiie naaiaioaoeee e i?aaeeueiiai auai?a naaiaioa ninoiyo a
neaaeothuai:

1) iaee/ea nouanoaaiiuo ?acee/ee iaaeaeo iioaioeeaeueiuie iio?aaeoaeyie;

2) iaee/ea noiaeeo iio?aaiinoae o aaeeieoe eaeiai-eeai naaiaioa;

3) aeinoaoi/ii aieueoay aieinoue naaiaioa;

4) yooaeoeaiinoue naaiaioa;

5) o/ao eiieo?aioeee;

6) niiniaiinoue oe?iu naiinoiyoaeueii eee n iiiiuueth
i?ioanneiiaeia-ia?eaoieiaia ioeaieoue iio?aaiinoe iieoiaoaeae;

7) aeinooiiinoue ?aeeaiu aeey iio?aaeoaeae a naaiaioa, e o.ae.

Auaeaeytho o?e aeueoa?iaoeaiuo ?aoaiey ii auai?o noaiaie ioaaoa ?uiea.

1.Ianniaue ia?eaoeia – i?eaioaoeey ia oe?ieee iio?aaeoaeueneee ?uiie aac
aai ?acaeaeaiey ia naaiaiou (aa?aae?iaaiea ?uiea).

2.?aaioa ia naaiaio (naaiaioaoeey). Oe?ia no?aieony e i?eciaieth eae
i?iecaiaeeoaeue oieeaeueiiai oiaa?a. Yoio iaoiae oa?aeoa?ai aeey
iaaieueoeo, ioiineoaeueii neaauo oe?i.Iianiinoue a iaiai/eainoe aaee/eiu
naaiaioa e iaaeinoaoi/iii eco/aiee eiieo?aioeee, /oi iiaeao i?eaanoe e
auioaeaeaiiiio ooiaeo n ?uiea. Aieaa i?aaeii/oeoaeueiui iiaeao
ieacaoueny iaiueoee naaiaio, ii ia eioi?ii ionoonoaoao eiieo?aioeey.
Neeoeii eioaineaiue nauo iiaeao iia?aaeeoue oieeaeueiinoe oiaa?a. “+++”:
1.aiciiaeiinoue i?e ioiineoaeueii iaaieueoeo cao?aoao eiaoue aieueoie
oniao(yooaeo) – iieo/aiea iaeneiaeueiie i?eauee a ?an/aoa ia aaeeieoeo
i?iaeoeoeee, 2.nicaeaiea “naiaai” iieoiaoaey – iaaeaaeiiai ?uiea nauoa.
“—”: 1.i?eaioaoeey ia oceee naaiaio ?uiea ia iicaieyao iieo/aoue
iaeneiaeueioth i?eaueue ni anaai ?uiea,2. o.e. aeonu iio?aaeoaeae e
iauay ?uii/iay eiiuthieoo?a i/aiue eciai/eau, oi a neo/aa iaaa?iuo
ia?eaoeiaiauo aeaenoaee ?ene “i?iai?aoue” i/aiue aunie.

3.?aaioa ia ianeieueei naaiaioia (iiiaeanoaaiiay naaiaioaoeey).
Aiciiaeia aeeaa?neoeeaoeey (i?eaioaoeey ia i?iecaiaenoai oiaa?ia
?acee/iuo iaeiaiiaaiee)) i?e oneiaee iaee/ey o oe?iu iaiaoiaeeiuo
?ano?nia aeey i?iecaiaenoaa e ia?eaoeiaa ianeieueeeo oiaa?ia. Nieaeaaony
?ene iioa?e ?uiea nauoa, nio?aiyy iaeioi?ua naaiaiou. Iicaieyao
aa?uee?iaaoue iaaeaeo naaiaioaie a caaeneiinoe io eiiuthieoo?u ?uiea,
aiciiaeiinoae iaeneiecaoeee i?eauee. *anoi iinea caaiaaaiey iaeiiai
naaiaioa oe?ia auoiaeeo ia iiaua. Iaeiaei iaiaoiaeei ouaoaeueiue aiaeec
?uiea, cia/eoaeueiua cao?aou ia ia?eaoeia, o.a. aiciiaeiinoe oe?iu
aeieaeiu auoue niioaaonoaothueie.

E?eoa?ee naaiaioaoeee:

a) aeey ?uiea iio?aaeoaeueneeo oiaa?ia:

– aaia?aoe/aneee(no?aia, ?aaeii, ai?iae, naei),

– aeaiia?aoe/aneee (aic?ano, iie, ?acia? naiuee, oaca aeeciaiiiai oeeeea
naiuee),

– nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneea (i?ioanney, ianoi ?aaiou, o?iaaiue
ia?aciaaiey, nioeeaeueiue neie( o?iaaiue aeinoaoea)),

– ineoieiae/aneea (noeeue aeecie (iieiaeaaeiue, nii?oeaiue,
yeeoa?iue,…), ee/iua ea/anoaa, i?aaeii/oaiey e o.ae.),

– iiaaaeai/aneea i?eciaee (aeeeoaeueiinoue i?ioeanna aaeaioaoeee e
iiaiio oiaa?o, noaiaiue neo/aeiinoe iieoiee, noaoon iinoiyiiiai eeeaioa,
ioiioaiea e oiaa?o eee aai i?iecaiaeeoaeth, noaiaiue ioaeaeaaiinoe a
oiaa?a, iniiaa caeioa?aniaaiiinoe(ea/anoai oiaa?a, ianeoaeeaaiea, ieceay
oeaia), ioiioaiea e ?aeeaia).

a) aeey ?uiea i?iiuoeaiiuo oiaa?ia (yoi iaeaieaa i?eaeaeaoaeueiue e
e?oiiue ?uiie) :

– oa??eoi?eaeueiay i?eiaaeeaaeiinoue i?aaei?eyoee,

– noa?u eniieueciaaiey eaeeo-eeai ecaeaeee,

– ?acia? i?aaei?eyoee-eeeaioia,

– iauai oiaaa?iiai?ioa,

– noieiinoue aeinoaaee (iiioaaea iai?oaeiaaiey), eiinoeueoaoeeiiiuo
oneoa(eioi?ua iiaoo aeeth/aoue a naay iao/aiea nio?oaeieeia) e o.ae.

Aeey ?inneeneiai ?uiea oa?aeoa?ia neeueiay iiiiiieecaoeey (“neaae”
aaeieieno?aoeaii-ieaiiaie yeiiiieee): ia ?uiea ii-i?aaeiaio ?aaioatho
i/aiue e?oiiua i?aaei?eyoey, eioi?ua niaoeeaeece?othony ia ii?aaeaeaiiuo
naaiaioao (ianniaay naaiaioaoeey) – yoi aaoiiiaeeueiua caaiaeu, e?oiiua
oeaaiaoei/iua caaiaeu, Naa?aaie e o.ae..Iaeeea i?aaei?eyoey ?aaioatho
eee 1-ui eee 2-i iaoiaeii, /oi ia o?aaoao aieueoeo eai. aeiaeaiee,
iaania/eaaao iaeneiaeueioth i?eaueue, aa?aioe?oao nauo (iai?eia?,
/anoiua oeaaiiaea?ie, iaeeea aaiee e o.ae.).

60. Iniaaiiianoe iaiin?aaenoaaiiiai nauoa.

89. ?aeeaia iniaue aeae ia?eaoeiaiaie aeayoaeueiinoe.

?aeeaia – iaee/iua oi?iu eiiioieeaoeee, inouanoaeyaiua /a?ac iin?aaenoai
ieaoiuo n?aaenoa ?ani?ino?aiaiey eioi?iaoeee, n /aoei oeacaiiui
enoi/ieeii oeiaine?iaaiey.

Caieiay iniaia ianoi a ia?eaoeiaiaie aeayoaeueiinoe, iia i?ecaaia
?aoaoue iaeaieaa neiaeioth caaea/o – oi?ie?iaaoue e noeioee?iaaoue
ni?in. A? iiaeii ?anniao?eaaoue eae oi?io eiiioieeaoeee, e-y eiaao
oeaeue – ia?aaanoe ea/anoaa i?aaeinoaaeyaiuo oe?iie oneoa, a oaeaea
i?aaeeaaaaiuo a yoie iaeanoe eaeae ia ycue ioaeae e cai?inia eeeaioa.

Noa?a aeayoaeueiinoe ?aeeaiu aeeth/aao a naay:

1) Eco/aiea iio?aaeoaeae oneoa, eioi?ua i?aaenoieo ?aeeaie?iaaoue,

2) Enneaaeiaaiea iniaaiiinoae ?uiea, eioi?ue i?aaenoieo inaieoue,

3) No?aoaae/aneia ieaie?iaaiea n oi/ee c?aiey oeaeae, ii?aaeaeaiey
a?aieoe ?uiea, iaania/aiey anneaiiaaiee e ?ac?aaioee oai?/aneiai
iiaeoiaea e ieaie?iaaiey eniieueciaaiey n?aaenoa ?aeeaiu,

4) I?eiyoea oaeoe/aneeo ?aoaiee ii niaoa ?anoiaeia i?e auai?a n?aaenoa
?aeeaiu, ?ac?aaioea a?aoeeia ioaeeeaoeee e o?aineyoeee iauyaeaiee,

5) Ninoaaeaiea ?aeeaiiuo iauyaeaiee, aeeth/ay iiaeaioiaeo oaenoa,
iaeaoa, ooaeiaeanoaaiiia ioi?ieaiea e eo i?i-ai.

Aa niaoeeoe/aneea iniaaiiinoe:

1) Ia aani?eno?anoiinoue,

2) I?eaioaoeey ia eiie?aoiiai aae?anaoa, eiaao niaoeeoe/aneoth
iai?aaeaiiinoue, eaeao a ?aieao iiea/aiiiai ianoa eee a?aiaie,

3) Aunooiaao eae iiiaieaiaeueiia yaeaiea. Niiniaia noeioee?iaaoue o?aoo
aeaiaa eee eo iaeiieaiea, aunieea eee ieceea oeaiu, ieaoiua eee
aanieaoiua aeoeee io eiaie ?aciuo enoi/ieeia, aeey ethauo aoaeeoi?ee e
ii naiui ?acee/iui i?e/eiai,

4) ssaeyaony n?aaenoaii, niiniaiuo i?eianoe eieinnaeueiue oniao eee
eaoano?ioe/aneee i?iaae, e ia?aaeei aeaenoaothuei a oneiaeyo
iaii?aaeaeaiiinoe eiia/iiai ?acoeueoaoa.

Aeeao 8.

8. Ooieoeee ia?eaoeiaa.

O-oeee – aeaeu aeayoaeueiinoe, aeeth/athuea eco/aiea, i?iaiic ?uiea,
ieaie?iaaiea i?iecaiaenoaa oiaa?ia e oneoa, eco/aiey oeai, nauoa
na?aeniia ianeoaeeaaiea, eiio?ieue e aiaeec iieo/aiiuo ?acoeueoaoia.

Ooieoeee I:

– ooieoeey I eae oaeiaiai,

– ooieoeey eiiiaaoeee.

1. Aiaeeoe/aneay: eco/aiea ?uiea, eco/aiea iio?aaeoaey, eco/aiea
oe?iaiiie no?oeoo?u ?uiea, eco/aiey oiaa?a, eco/aiea aioo?aiiae n?aaeu
i?aaei?eyoey.

2. I?iecaiaenoaaiiay: i?aaiecaoeey i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo oiaa?ia,
i?aaiecaoeey iaoa?eaeueii-oaoie/aneiai niaaaeaiey, oi?aaeaiea ea/anoaii
e eiieo?aioiiniiniaiinoueth i?iaeoeoeee.

3. Nauoiaay: i?aaiecaoeey nenoaiu oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey, i?aaiecaoeey nenoaiu
oi?ie?iaaiey ni?ina e noeioee?iaaiey nauoa e nenoaiu i?iaeaae (?aeeaia),
oiaa?iay iieeoeea, i?aaiecaoeey na?aena, oeaiiaay iieeoeea.

4. Oi?aaeaiey e eiio?iey: i?aaiecaoeeiiiua i?eioeeiu oi?aaeaiey e
eiio?iey I., ieaie?iaaiea I., eioi?iaoeeiiiia iaania/aiea I.,
i?aaiecaoeey nenoaiu eiiioieeaoeee ia i?aaei?eyoee, oi?aaeaiea ?eneaie,
eiio?ieue (aiaoiee e aioo?aiiee) a I.

28. Oa?aeoa?enoeea iiiiiieee. Iiiiiieee a ?innee.

I?e /enoie iiiiiieee ia ?uiea anaai iaeei i?iaeaaaoe. Yoi iiaeao auoue
ainoaea?noaaiiay i?aaiecaoeey, /anoiay ?aaoee?oaiay eee ia?aaoee?oaiay.
Ainoaea?noaaiiay iiiiiieey iiaeao n iiiiuueth iieeoeee oeai
i?aneaaeiaaoue aeinoeaeaiea naiuo ?aciuo oeaeae. Iia iiaeao onoaiiaeoue
oeaio ieaea naaanoieiinoe, anee oiaa? eiaao aaaeiia cia/aiea aeey
iieoiaoaeae, eioi?ua ia a ninoiyiee i?eia?aoaoue aai ca iieioth
noieiinoue. Oeaia iiaeao auoue iacia/aia n ?an/aoii ia iie?uoea
ecaea?aeae eee iieo/aiea oi?ioeo aeioiaeia. A iiaeao auoue e oae, /oi
oeaia iacia/aaony i/aiue aunieie aeey anaia?iiai nie?auaiey iio?aaeaiey.
A neo/aa ?aaoee?oaiie iiiiiieee ainoaea?noai ?ac?aoaao eiiiaiee
onoaiaaeeaaoue ?anoeaiee, iaania/eaathuea iieo/aiea “ni?aaaaeeeaie ii?iu
i?eauee”, eioi?ay aeano i?aaiecaoeee aiciiaeiinoue iiaeaea?aeeaaoue
i?iecaiaenoai, a i?e iaiaoiaeeiinoe e ?anoe?youe aai. E iaiai?io, a
neo/aa ia?aaoee?oaiie iiiiiieee oe?ia naia aieueia onoaiaaeeaaoue
ethaoth oeaio, eioi?oth oieueei auaea?aeeo ?uiie. E oai ia iaiaa ii
?yaeo i?e/ei oe?iu ia anaaaea cai?aoeaatho iaeneiaeueii aiciiaeioth
oeaio. Ooo e aiyciue aaaaeaiey ainoaea?noaaiiiai ?aaoee?iaaiey, e
iaaeaeaiea i?eaeaeaoue eiieo?aioia, e no?aieaiea auno?aa i?iieeiooue –
aeaaiaea?y iaaunieei oeaiai – ia anth aeoaeio ?uiea.

Iiiiiieeci ?inneeneeo i?iecaiaeeoaeae a noa?a i?iecaiaenoaa e i?iaeaaee
oiaa?ia i?iyaeyaony a eaii?e?iaaiee eioa?ania iieoiaoaeae, a
iaiainiiaaiiii caauoaiee oeai, ieceii ea/anoaa i?iaeoeoeee.
Iineaaenoaeyie iiiiiieueiiai iieiaeaiey ia ?uiea aieueoae /anoe iaoeo
i?aaei?aieiaoaeae yaeythony eo iaaini?eei/eainoue e IOI,
ia?aoeeiiaeueiia eniieueciaaiea i?e?iaeiuo ?ano?nia, ia?acaeoinoue
aiaoiayeiiiie/aneeo naycae.

43. I?aaiecaoeey i?iecaiaenoaa ea/anoaaiiiai eiieo?aioiiniiniaiiai
oiaa?a.

Eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoue – niioaanoaea i?iaeoeoeee o?aaiaaieyi
ii?aaeaeaiiiai ?uiea e niiniaiinoue auoue i?iaeaiie a ii?aaeaeaiiua
n?iee i?e iaee/ee ia ?uiea aiaeiae/iuo oiaa?ia. Eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoue
caaeneo io oeaiu e ea/anoaa oiaa?ia.

Iiaay i?iaeoeoeey – ecaeaeea, iaeaaeathuaa aiciiaeiinoueth auiieiyoue
iiaoth eee aeiiieieoaeueioth ooieoeeth ii n?aaiaieth n aiaeiae/iie
i?iaeoeoeeae.

?ac?aaioea iiaiai oiaa?a aeeth/aao neaaeothuea yoaiu:

1. Enneaaeiaaiea iioeaia iieoiaoaeueneiai iiaaaeaiey.

2. Oi?ioee?iaea eaeae iiaiai oiaa?a.

3. I?iaa?ea e ioai? iiaeoiaeyueo eaeae.

4. ?ac?aaioea oaoie/aneiai i?aaeeiaeaiey iiaiai oiaa?a.

5. I?iaa?ea oaoie/aneiai i?aaeeiaeaiey.

6. I?iaaaeaiea yeiii/aneiai aiaeeca oeaeaniia?aciinoe i?iecaiaenoaa
iiaiai oiaa?a.

7. Ecaioiaeaiea iiuoiiai ia?acoea.

8. Ecaioiaeaiea iiuoiie ia?oee.

9. I?iaiue ia?eaoeia – eco/aiea e aiaeec ?uiea i?e i?iecaiaenoaa iiaiai
oiaa?a, eioi?ue inouanoaeyaony a ia?aie/aiiua n?iee ia aaia?aoe/anee
neiioeaio?e?iaaiiii ?uiea.

10. Ioeaiea ?acoeueoaoia i?iaiiai ia?eaoeiaa.

11. Na?eeiia i?iecaiaenoai.

12. Eiiia?/aneay ?aaeecaoeey na?eeiie i?iaeoeoeee.

Iao?eoea anni?oeiaioiuo a?oii oiaa?ia ?ac?aaaouaaaony aeey ii?aaeaeaiey:

1. Oiaa?a, caieiathuaai aaaeouaa ianoi ia ?uiea.

2. Aeeiaieee ?uieia oe?iu.

3. Ii?aaeaeaiey ninoiyiey yoeo ?uieia (nie?auathony, noaaeeece?othony
eee ?acaeaathony).

Ooiaeaiaio iao?eoeu – i?aaeiieiaeaiea i oii, /ai aieueoa iauai
i?iecaiaenoaa ia ?uiea, oai iaiueoa ioiineoaeueiua ecaea?aeee, oai
aieueoa i?eaueue.

2. Aeieiua ei?iau (aea?aai n cieiouie ieiaeaie). A NOA – 36%. IN:
iiaeaea?aeaiea nouanoaothuaai iieiaeaiey.

I?eia?: no?ieoaeueiue aoi.

3. Iiae?anoathuaa iieieaiea. A NOA – 18%. IN: Eioaineoeeaoeey
ia?eaoeiaa: iiene iiauo ?uieia, iieoiaoaeae, iiauo oeai, eeai ooiae n
?uiea.

I?eia?: aiai?yuee neaiae caaeiaai oiaea.

4. Ian/anoiua (iiaeoua) niaaee, Nooinoie. A NOA – 15%. IN: nie?auaiea
eee i?ae?auaiey i?iecaiaenoaa e i?iaeaaee yoeo oiaa?ia. Ooiae n ?uiea.

I?eia?: aaeioe.

Noaaea i?aaei?eieiaoaeae aeieaeia auoue ia ia?aua o?e a?oiiu. Eaaeaeue
oiaa? aua?aiiie anni?oeiaioiie a?oiiu ioeaieaaaony a oi/ee c?aiey
aeeiaieee.

80(+79). Ia?eaoeiaiaay eiiioieeaoeey.

Iaiaoiaeeii ieaie?iaaoue eiiioieeaoeeiiioth iieeoeeo oe?iu oaeei
ia?acii, /oiau eioi?iaoeey i a? aeayoaeueiinoe iinoiyiii,
iineaaeiaaoaeueii e ianooaaii aeioiaeeea aei aoaeeoi?ee, ia eioi?oth iia
?ann/eoaia, ananoi?iiia inaauay aeayoaeueiinoue oe?iu n aeoeaioii ia
aaaeiaeoeo aeey ?aiooaoeee oe?iu noi?iiao a? aeayoaeueiinoe ia ?uiea.

Oeaeaniia?acii eniieueciaaoue neaaeothuea eaiaeu eiiioieeaoeee:

1) Naycue n ianoiuie iauanoaaiiuie e ?aeeaeiciuie i?aaiecaoeeyie,
eeoaaie, i?ionithcaie e o.ae.;

2) I?aaeinoaaeaiea iiiauaiee oe?iu aeey i?aaiecaoeee aunoaaie,
eiioea?oia (a ia?aai/aa a?aiy), iieac aeaeaioeeueiia i ?aaioa oe?iu,
i?aaiecaoeey yeneo?nee a oe?io n oeaeueth iaeaaeeaaiey eiioaeoia
neoaeaueo e ianaeaiey ?aeiia;

3) Eniieueciaaiea aeey ?aeeaiu oee/iuo aeo?ei iiiauaiee oe?iu;

4) I?aaeinoaaeaiea eioi?iaoeee i iiauo oiaa?ao eee oneoaao a oiaea
eiioaeoia n eeeaioaie;

5) ?aeeaia a ianoiuo NIE oiaa?ia e oneoa;

6) Onoaiiaea eioi?iaoeeiiiuo ?aeeaiiuo noaiaeia ia aeo?eiao, y?ia?eao e
o.ae.

94. Ieaie?iaaiea ?aeeaiiie ?aaiou.

?aeeaia – iaee/iua oi?iu eiiioieeaoeee, inouanoaeyaiua /a?ac iin?aaenoai
ieaoiuo n?aaenoa ?ani?ino?aiaiey eioi?iaoeee, n /aoei oeacaiiui
enoi/ieeii oeiaine?iaaiey.

No?aoaae/aneia ieaie?iaaiea ?aeeaiiie ?aaiou inouanoaeyaony n oi/ee
c?aiey:

1) Iinoaiiaee oeaeae,

2) Ii?aaeaeaiey a?aieoe ?uiea,

3) Iaania/aiea anneaiiaaiee e ?ac?aaioee oai?/aneiai iiaeoiaea,

4) Ieaie?iaaiea eniieueciaaiey n?aaenoa ia ?aeeaio.

113. Oeaiiaay iieeoeea ai aiaoiayeiiiie/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe ?inneeneeo
oe?i.

Oeaiu e oeaiiaay iieeoeea – iaeia ec aeaaiuo ninoaaeythueo ia?eaoeiaiaie
aeayoaeueiinoe. Io oiai, ianeieueei i?aaeeueii e i?iaeoiaiii iino?iaia
oeaiiaay iieeoeea, caaenyo eiiia?/aneea ?acoeueoaou, noaiaiue
yooaeoeaiinoe anae i?iecaiaenoaaiii-nauoiaie aeayoaeueiinoe oe?iu.

Nooue oeaeaiai?aaeaiiie oeaiiaie iieeoeee ninoieo a oii, /oiau
onoaiaaeeaaoue ia oiaa?u oaeea oeaiu e oae aa?uee?iaaoue eie a
caaeneiinoe io iieiaeaiey ia ?uiea, /oiau iaeaaeaoue aai aeieae,
iaania/eoue eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoue oiaa?ia ii oeaiiaui iieacaoaeyi,
iaia/aiiue iauai i?eauee e ?aoaoue ae?oaea caaea/e.

A i/i-oi?aiaea onoaiiaeaiea i?aaeeueiie oeaiu oiaa?a – i?ioeaaeo?a
i/aiue neiaeiay, o.e. ia oeaio a yoii neo/aa aicaeaenoaoao iniaaiii
oe?ieee e?oa oaeoi?ia, eae-oi:

– ecaea?aeee i?i-aa;

– oeaiu eiieo?aioia-yenii?oa?ia a aeaiioth no?aio;

– oeaiu ianoiuo oe?i;

– aaee/eia ni?ina;

– o?ainii?oiua ecaea?aeee;

– auieaou iin?aaeieeai;

– eiii?oiua iioeeiu e eiua nai?u;

– ?aeeaia e eiua yeaiaiou noeioee?iaaiey nauoa.

I?e ii?aaeaeaiee oeaiu iaiaoiaeei aiaeec anao auoaia?a/eneaiiuo
oaeoi?ia, a oaeaea i?eiyoea ai aieiaiea iaeioi?uo ae?oaeo iiiaioia, e
i?eia?o oaco AEOeO, ia?aie/aiey ia o?iaaiue oeai a no?aia-eiii?oa?a.

Aaaeaiea oeaiiaie iieeoeee o?aaoao ioee/iiai ciaiey ianoaiiaee ia ?uiea,
aunieie eaaeeoeeaoeee eeoe, i?eieiathueo ?aoaiea, oiaiey i?aaeaeaeaoue
aiciiaeiua eciaiaiey neooaoeee ia ?uiea. Onoaiaaeeaay oeaiu, neaaeoao ia
oieueei ciaoue eo ieaeiee e aa?oiee i?aaeaeu, ca a?aieoeaie e-o eo
i?eiaiaiea yeii. ia ii?aaaeaii eee aucuaaao ea?aoaeueiua naieoeee, ii e
aeaei iaiaa?e?iaaoue oeaiaie a yoeo i?aaeaeao oae, /oiau a ( iiiaio
a?aiaie yoe oeaee auee au iioeiaeueiuie eae aeey i?iaeaaoea, oae e aeey
iieoiaoaey.

Iaeiaei iiiaea ?inneeneea i?aaei?eyoey-yenii?oa?u ec-ca ionoonoaey o eo
ia?niiaea iaaeeaaeauaai iiuoa, iaaeinoaoi/iiai ciaiey eiiuthieoo?u
aiaoieo ?uieia niaa?oatho a?oaua ioeaee i?e onoaiiaeaiee oeai ia naie
oiaa?u eee iaia?aiii caieaeatho eo. Neaaenoaeai yoiai yaeythony
iiiaeaueany neo/ae iaaeiaiey ?inneeneeo yenii?oa?ia a aeaiieiaa. N 1978
aiaea, n iiiaioa ioe?uoey ia?aie aioeaeaiieiaiaie i?ioeaaeo?u AYN a
ioiioaiee NNN?, ii 1990 aiae auei aicaoaeaeaii 40 aeae, cao?aaeaathueo
?acee/iua oiaa?u ?inneeneiai yenii?oa (n?aaee ieo – ieeaeue, aethieiee,
noaeei, /anu, oieiaeeeueieee e ae?.). A aeaeueiaeoai /enei
aioeaeaiieiaiauo i?ioeaaeo? i?ioea oiaa?ia ?inneeneiai i?ienoiaeaeaiey
cia/eoaeueii aic?inei, io?aaeay i?ioeann eeaa?aeecaoeee AO-?innee e
auoiae ia aiaoiee ?uiie iannu iaiiaeaioiaeaiiuo i?aaei?eyoee.

Ana yoi aucaaei anieane aioeaeaiieiaiauo i?ioeaaeo? i?ioea oiaa?ia
?inneeneiai i?ienoiaeaeaiey. Naieoeee, i?eieiaaiua no?aiaie AYN, NOA,
A?aceeeae e ?yaeii ae?oaeo no?ai, cao?aaeaatho 20 aeaeia ?inneeneie
i?iaeoeoeee, /oi nicaeaao ?ene ?aceiai ( eee iieiiai i?ae?auaiey aa
yenii?oa a no?aiu, i?eiyaoea aioeaeaiieiaiaua ia?u. Iiaeiaiay neooaoeey
iaiineo oua?a ia oieueei yenii?oa?ai, i?eaaaathuei e aeaiieiao, ii e
yeiiiieea no?aiu a oeaeii, /oi aucuaaao iaiaoiaeeiinoue aaanoe aeanoeoth
ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca ia?ooaiea i?aaee i/i-oi?aiaee, inouanoaeyoue niaoe.
ain. eiio?ieue ca AY-iia?aoeeyie n oaie oiaa?aie, ii e-i aiciiaeii
aaaaeaiea aioeaeaiieiaiauo i?ioeaaeo?.

Aioeaeaiieiaiaay i?aeoeea – aeinoaoi/ii neeueiia i?oaeea, e ei
iieuecothony iiiaea no?aiu, ii iniaaiii yeiiiie/anee ?acaeoua, iau/ii
i?eaaaay e iaio a oao neo/ayo, eiaaea aeaoaaay eiii?oiay i?iaeoeoeey
noaaeo a oyaeaeia iieiaeaiea iaoe. i?iecaiaeeoaeae. E i?eia?o, a yiaa?a
1993 aiaea Iei.oi?aiaee NOA aaaei ii ianoiyieth aia?eeaineeo
noaeaeeoaeiuo eiiiaiee a?aiaiiua iioeeiu ia eiii?o noaee. A aeaiieiaa
auee iaaeiaiu eiiiaiee 19 no?ai. Aeey ieo onoaiiaeee iioeeiu a
neaaeothueo ?acia?ao (a %): A?aceeey e Aaeeeia?eoaiey – 109, Iaeneea –
106, Iieueoa e ?oiuiey – 75, Eaiaaea – 69, Eoaeey – 54, ssiiiey – 26
[6].

Ana yoi iiaeoaa?aeaeaao iieiaeaiea i oii, /oi oeaiaie neaaeoao
iieueciaaoueny oiaei e, i?aneaaeoy eiia/iua oeaee yenii?oiie iieeoeee,
aeaei iaiaa?e?iaaoue eie, ia i?anooiay oao i?aaeaeia, ca e-ie ia/eiaaony
ciia iiauoaiiiai iaeiii?aaaeaiiiai ?enea.

Aeeao 9.

9. Nenoaiii-oeaeaaie iiaeoiae e ia?eaoeiao.

Nenoaia – iiiaeanoai yeaiaioia I, ia eioi?uo ?aaeecoaony ca?aiaa aeaiiia
ioiioaiea R n oeene?iaaiiuie naienoaaie ?.

Nenoaiiue iiaeoiae – enneaaeiaaiea niiniaa i?aaiecaoeee yeaiaioia
nenoaiu a aaeeiia oeaeia e aicaeaenoaea i?ioeanna ooieoeeiie?iaaiey
nenoaiu a oeaeii ia ioaeaeueiua aa caaiuey.

Nenoaia I – niaieoiiinoue acaeiinaycaiiuo yeaiaioia, iaania/. ?ac?aaioeo
?uii/iie no?aoaaee, iai?aaeaiiie ia oaeiaeaoai?aiea iio?aaiinoae,
yeaiaioia eniieuecoaiuo aeey oaeiaeaoai?aiey iio?aaiinoae ii?aaeaeaiiiai
?uiea eeai aai /anoe n o/aoii aeaiiiai ie?oaeaiey.

Ia?eaoeia – yoi nenoaia oi?aaeaiey, i?e eioi?ie a iniiaa i?eiyoey iiaiai
?aoaiey eaaeeo eioi?iaoeey i ?uiea, a i?aaeeueiinoue ?aoaiey i?iaa?yaony
a ?acoeueoaoa ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoeoeee.

Ia?eaoeiaiaay no?aoaaey – eiiieaen i?eioeeiia, n iiiiuueth eioi?uo
i?aaei?eyoea oi?ie?oao oeaee ia?eaoeiaa e i?aaiecoao ?aaeecaoeeth yoeo
oeaeae ia ?uiea.

I?eioeeiu ia?eaoeiaa

1. I?iecaiaenoai i?iaeoeoeee aeieaeii auoue iniiaaii ia oi/iii ciaiee
iio?aaiinoae iio?aaeoaeae, ?uii/iie eiiuthieoo?u e ?aaeueiuo
aiciiaeiinoae i?aaei?eyoey.

2. Iieiia oaeiaeaoai?aiea iio?aaiinoae iieoiaoaey.

3. Yooaeoeaiay ?aaeecaoeey i?iaeoeoeee ia ii?aaeaeaiiuo ?uieao a
caieaie?iaaiiuo iauaiao e iaia/aiiuo n?ieao.

4. Iaania/aiea aeieaia?aiaiiie i?eaueueiinoe
i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey.

5. Aaeeinoai no?aoaaee e oaeoeee a oeaeyo aeoeaiie aaeaioaoeee e
iinoiyiii iaiythueiny o?aaiaaieyi iieoiaoaeae i?e iaeiia?aiaiiii
oi?ie?iaaiee e noeioee?iaaiee aai iio?aaiinoae.

Oeaeyie ia?eaoeiaa yaeythony:

1) eiee/anoaaiiua – oaaee/aiea iauaia i?iaeaae, iai?ioa, i?eauee, aeiee
?uiea,

2) ea/anoaaiiua – nicaeaiea aeaaii?eyoiiai eieaeaea oiaa?o, iinoiyiiia
iaiiaeaiea anni?oeiaioa i?iaeoeoeee, iaania/aiea aeieain?i/iiai nauoa
i?iaeoeoeee.

Caaea/e ia?eaoeiaa (auoaeatho ec aai oeaeae):

1) I?aaeinoaaeaiea eioi?iaoeee aeey ?oeiaiaenoaa oe?iu n o/aoii aiaoieo
e aioo?aiieo oneiaee.

2) Ii?aaeaeaiea oeaeae ia?eaoeiaa, enoiaeny ec oeaeae oe?iu.

3) I?eiaiaiea n?aaenoa ia?eaoeiaa: a iieeoeea ii ioiioaieth e i?iaeoeoo;
a iieeoeea ii ioiioaieth e oeaeyi; a iieeoeea ii ioiioaieth e
?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoeoeee (aeeno?eauethoeee); a iieeoeea ii ioiioaieth e
eiiioieeaoeeyi.

4) Eco/aiea ia?eaoeiaa a ?aaioa i?aaei?eyoey.

5) Inouanoaeaiea ?uii/iie aeayoaeueiinoe /a?ac: ?ac?aaioeo i?iaeoeoeee;
?aaeecaoeeth i?iaeoeoeee; onoaiiaeaiea oeai; ?aeeaio.

6) Iniiaiay eaeay ia?eaoeiaa – i?eaioaoeey ia eeeaioa.

7) Iinoaaeoue eeeaioa a oeaio? aieiaiey.

8) Eeeaio aaaeiaa aioo?eoe?iaiiuo o?aaiaaiee.

9) ”Eoi ia oi/ao ianeoaeeaaoue, oiio eo/oa noaoue eeeaioii”.

10) Aeey aieaa yoaeoeaiie ?aaiou iaaei nicaeaoue yiieeiiaeueioth naycue
n eeeaioii.

74. Iauay no?oeoo?a i?ia?aiiu ia?eaoeia-ieen.

Ia?eaoeia-ieen (eiiieaeniue, eieaaethueeny ia?eaoeia) – eiiaeiaoeey
?acee/iuo eino?oiaioia aeey i?iaaaeaiey ia?eaoeiaiaie aeayoaeueiinoe.

Iniiaiua eino?oiaiou i?iaaaeaiey ia?eaoeiaiaie aeayoaeueiinoe:

1) Oiaa?iay e anni?oeiaioiay iieeoeea,

2) Iieeoeea oeai e oneiaee i?iaeaae,

3) ?ani?aaeaeeoaeueiay iieeoeea e iieeoeea i?eaea/aiey iieoiaoaeae,

4) Iieeoeea eiiioieeaoeee (?aeeaia, ia?niiaeueiua i?iaeaaee).

Aeaiiia iiiyoea aicieeei a 60-o aiaeao a ?acaeouo no?aiao eae ?aaeoeey
ia aicieeiiaaiea a yeiiiieea iinea AIA oaeoi?ia iaiaaeaaeiinoe (n
aicieeiiaaieai ia?ai?i-aa oiaa?ia aicieeea i?iaeaia nauoa, yoi iiaeaeei
ca niaie oaeoi? ?enea: o?oaeii aua?aoue aa?eaio aeaenoaee a neiaeeaoaeny
neooaoeee ec-ca iiiaeanoaaiiinoe aeeyiey oaeoi?ia aiaoiae e aioo?aiiae
n?aaeu). Ana yoi iiaeaeei iaiaoiaeeiinoue nicaeaiey ia?eaoeia-ieena aeey
( ?enea ca n/ao eiiieaeniinoe aeaenoaee.

Iniiaiua o-ee i?ia?aiiu ia?eaoeia-ieen:

1) Oaycea iaaeaeo niaie ?acee/iuo yeaiaioia ia?eaoeiaiaiai iaoaiecia,

2) Iioeiecaoeey e eiiaeiaoeey yoeo yeaiaioia,

3) I?iaaaeaiea ia?eaoeiaiauo ia?ii?eyoee ai a?aiaiiie
iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe.

I?eioeeiu ioeaiee:

Ni/aoaiea ?acee/iuo eino?oiaioia aeieaeii auoue oaeei, /oiau aeinoe/ue:

1) Eo iioeiaeueiiai aicaeaenoaey ia oei.-oic. aeayoaeueiinoue,

2) Iaiaeiaeaiea ae?oa ia ae?oaa,

3) Ia?eaoeiaiaiai yooaeoa.

81. ?ieue eioi?iaoeee a ia?eaoeiaa.

Aeey aiaeeca, ieaie?iaaiey, inouanoaeaiey e eiio?iey aeaenoaaiiinoe
ia?eaoeiaiauo ia?ii?eyoee iinoiyiii o?aaoaony iaoe?iay eioi?iaoeey i
eeeaioao, eiieo?aioao, iin?aaeieeao e i?i/eo i?aaenoaaeoaeyo ?uiea.
Iaee/ea o i?aaei?eieiaoaey iaaeaaeiie aeaeiaie eioi?iaoeee i
iioaioeeaeueiii ia?oia?a, eeeaioa iicaieeo auno?aa i?eiyoue eiiia?/aneia
?aoaiea, aeeyao ia i?aaeeueiinoue oaeiai ?aoaiey, /oi aaaeao e (
i?eauee. Iaaeeaaeauaa eniieueciaaiea eioi?iaoeee i?e caeeth/aiee naeaeie
naiaeeo e ieieioio aa?iyoiinoue oeiainiauo iioa?ue.

A ninoaa ia?eaoeiaiaie eioi?iaoeee aoiaeeo 4 aniiiiaaoaeueiua nenoaiu:

1) Nenoaia aioo?aiiae io/aoiinoe, io?aaeathuay iieacaoaee oaeouaai
nauoa, noiio ecaea?aeae, iauai iao. caiania, aeaeaeaiea aeai.
iaee/iinoe, aeaiiua i aeaaeoi?neie e e?aaeeoi?neie caaeieaeaiiinoyo. Ana
aieueoa oe?i a ?O nicaeatho nenoaiu aioo?aiiae io/aoiinoe ia iniiaa YAI,
e-a iaania/eaatho iieo/aiea aieueoiai iauaia eioi?iaoeee a ei?ioeea
n?iee.

2) Nenoaia, i?aaeiacia/aiiay aeey nai?a aiaoiae oaeouae eioi?iaoeee,
i?aaeinoaaeyao ?oeiaiaeeoaeyi ia?eaoeiaiauo neoaea iianaaeiaaioth
eioi?iaoeeth i niauoeyo, i?ienoiaeyueo a eiiia?/aneie n?aaea.

3) Ia?eaoeiaiaua enneaaeiaaiey, oeaeueth eioi?uo yaeyaony iaania/aiea
nai?a eioi?iaoeee, aeooaeueiie n oi/ee c?aiey noiyuae ia?aae oe?iie
eiie?aoiie ia?eaoeiaiaie i?iaeaiu.

4) Nenoaia aiaeeca ia?eaoeiaiaie eioi?iaoeee, eniieuecothuay nia?aiaiiua
iaoiaeu noaoenoe/aneie ia?aaioee aeaiiuo e iiaeaee, iaeaa/athuea
?oeiaiaeeoaeyi oe?iu i?ioeann i?eiyoey iioeiaeueiuo ia?eaoeiaiauo
?aoaiee.

Eioi?iaoeey a eiio?ieeeiaa.

Aeey iaania/aiey caaea/ ia?eaoeiaa eiio?ieea? aeieaeai i?aaeinoaaeyoue
?oeiaiaeeoaeyi oe?iu e aa ioaeaeia iaiaoiaeeioth eioi?iaoeeth,
eniieuecoaioth i?e ieaie?iaaiee, i?eiyoee ?aoaiee a eiio?iea. Naycue
eiio?ieea?a n eioi?iaoeeae ii?aaeaeyaony neaaeothuei ia?acii: ii iaycai
ia?aaeaoue niioaaonoaothuei nio?oaeieeai e iiae?acaeaeaieyi oi/ioth
eioi?iaoeeth a ioaeiue iiiaio, iiaeaioiaeaiioth a max aeinooiiie aeey
eniieueciaaiey oi?ia. Eiio?ieea? iaycai eniieueciaaoue aioo?aiiea e
aiaoiea enoi/ieee eioi?iaoeee e ia?aaeaaaoue ia?aaioaiioth
niioaaonoaothuei ia?acii eioi?iaoeeth aioo?aiiei e aiaoiei aae?anaoai.
Ana nio?oaeieee e iiae?acaeaeaiey oe?iu aeieaeiu i?aaeinoaaeyoue aio
iaiaoiaeeioth eioi?iaoeeth.

95. Oe?iaiiay no?aoaaey (ni. 15).

No?aoaaey oe?iu – ?ann/eoaiiay ia ia?niaeoeao nenoaia ia?,
iaania/eaathuay aeinoeaeaiea eiie?aoiuo iaia/aiiuo oe?iie oeaeae.
Nouiinoue au?aaioee e ?aaeecaoeee no?aoaaee ninoieo a oii, /oiau
aua?aoue ioaeiia iai?aaeaiea ?acaeoey ec iiiai/eneaiiuo aeueoa?iaoea e
iai?aaeoue i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oic. aeayoaeueiinoue ii eca?aiiiio iooe.

No?aoaae/aneia oi?aaeaiea i?aaeiieaaaao, /oi oe?ia ii?aaeaeyao naie
eeth/aaua iiceoeee ia ia?niaeoeao a caaeneiinoe io i?ei?eoaoiinoe
oeaeae. Ionthaea ?acee/iua aeaeu no?aoaaee, ia e-a oe?ia iiaeao
i?eaioe?iaaoueny:

1) I?iaeoeoiai-?uii/iay. Ii?aaeaeyao aeaeu eiie?aoiie i?iaeoeoeee e
oaoiieiaee, eioi?ua oe?ia aoaeao ?ac?aaaouaaoue; noa?u e iaoiaeu nauoa;
niiniau iiauoaiey o?iaiy eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoe i?iaeoeoeee.

2) Ia?eaoeiaiaay. Aeaeia i?eniiniaeaiea aeayoaeueiinoe oe?iu e ?uii/iui
oneiaeyi n o/aoii iiceoeee oiaa?a ia ?uiea; eiiieaen ia?ii?eyoee ii
oi?ie?iaaieth nauoa; ?ani?aaeaeaiea n?aaenoa, anneaiiaaiiuo ia
ia?eaoeiaiaoth aeayoaeueiinoue, iaaeaeo aua?aiiuie ?uieaie.

3) Eiieo?aioiay. ( ecaea?aeae i?i-aa, eiaeeaeaeoaeecaoeey e ( ea/-aa
oiaa?a, ii?aaeaeaiea iooai naaiaioaoeee iiauo naeoi?ia aeayoaeueiinoe ia
eiie?aoiuo ?uieao.

4) Oi?aaeaiea iaai?ii io?aneae. Aunoaa ?oeiaiaenoai oe?iu iinoiyiii
aea?aeeo iiae eiio?ieai aeaeu aeayoaeueiinoe e iiiaieeaoo?o i?iaeoeoeee
ii oe?ia a oeaeii a oeaeyo aeeaa?neoeeaoeee aeaeia aeayoaeueiinoe e
auioneaaiie i?iaeoeoeee ca n/ao iiauo io?aneae e i?ae?auaiea oao ec ieo,
e-a ia niaeanothony n oeaeyie e i?eaioe?aie oe?iu.

5) Iiaiaaaaeaiee (eiiiaaoeeiiiay iieeoeea). Iauaaeeiaiea oeaeae
oaoie/aneie iieeoeee e iieeoeee eaieoaeiaeiaeaiee. Iai?aaeaia ia
aiaae?aiea iiauo oaoiieiaee e aeaeia i?iaeoeoeee. Iia i?aaeoniao?eaaao
auai? ii?aaeaeaiiuo iauaeoia enneaaeiaaiee, n iiiiuueth e-o oe?iu
no?aiyony niaeaenoaiaaoue a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue nenoaiaoe/aneei iieneai
iiauo oaoiieiae/aneeo aiciiaeiinoae.

6) Eaieoaeiaeiaeaiee. Ii?aaeaeaiea ioiineoaeueiiai o?iaiy
eaieoaeiaeiaeaiee ia iniiaa ?an/aoa ianooaaia auionea ioaeaeueiuo aeaeia
i?iaeoeoeee e aeayoaeueiinoe oe?iu a oeaeii; ii?aaeaeaiea eiieo?aioiuo
iiceoeee oe?iu ii ioiioaieth e niia?ieeai; auyniaiea aiciiaeiinoae oe?iu
ia iniiaa ?acoeueoaoia ieaie?iaaiey e auiieiaiey ieaiia iooai
i?aaiecaoeee iia?aoeaii-oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe.

7) ?acaeoey. ?aaeecaoeey oeaeae iaania/aiey onoie/eauo oaiiia ?acaeoey e
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey oe?iu eae a oeaeii, oae e aa oeeeaeia e “aei/ae”,
no?aoaaeth ?acaeoey e-o ii?aaeaeyao iaoa?eineay eiiiaiey: ?ac?aaioea
iiauo aeaeia i?iaeoeoeee, ?anoe?aiea aa?oeeaeueiie eioaa?aoeee, (
eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoe eiiiaiee, oaaee/aiea yenii?oa, nicaeaiea NI ca
?oaaaeii, ?anoe?aiea ca?oaaaeiuo eaiaeiaeaiee.

8) Iiaeiuaiey. I?eia?aoaiea aeoeee ae?oaeo eiiiaiee, oa?aeoa?ecothueony
auno?ui ?inoii e IO-aeinoeaeaieyie, n oeaeueth ( yooaeoeaiinoe
aeayoaeueiinoe oe?iu iooai i?iieeiiaaiey a iiaua io?anee oic-aa,
o?ainiaoeeiiaeecaoeee eaieoaea.

9) Ca?oaaaeiiai eiaanoe?iaaiey. Nicaeaiea ca ?oaaaeii nianoaaiiuo
i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo i?aaei?eyoee – nai?i/iuo e ii ?ac?aaioea nu?ueaauo
?ano?nia.

10) I?eaioaoeee ia ?anoe?aiea yenii?oiie aeayoaeueiinoe. ?ac?aaioea ia?,
niiniaiuo iaania/eoue oeaeaniia?aciinoue ?acaeoey yenii?oa, ( aiciiaeiua
?enee e ioeaieoue auaiaeu. I?aaeoniao?eaaao i?eaioaoeeth i?i-aa ia
oaeiaeaoai?aiea iio?aaiinoae eiino?aiiuo iio?aaeoaeae e eniieuecoaony
max /anoi e?oiiuie eiiiaieyie, auioneathueie neiaeiia iai?oaeiaaiea e
noaea ia iniiaa caeacia, a oaeaea n?aaeieie e iaeuie oe?iaie,
auioneathueie iiaaeooth iaeiaaaa?eoioth i?iaeoeoeeth e nauaathueie aa ia
oao ?uieao, aaea o?ainii?oiua ecaea?aeee iaaaeeee, a ?ene ca?oaaaeiuo
eiaanoeoeee aaeee.

11) Aiaoiayeiiiie/aneie yeniainee. I?aaeiieaaaao ii anai aeaeai
aeayoaeueiinoe: nicaeaiea caa?aie/iiai i?i-aa, yenii?o a o?aouee no?aiu
oiaa?ia e oneoa, caa?aie/iia eeoeaice?iaaiea.

Auai? no?aoaaee aeaeaaony ia iniiaa n?aaiaiey ia?niaeoea ?acaeoey oe?iu
a ?acee/iuo aeaeao aeayoaeueiinoe, onoaiiaeaiey i?ei?eoaoia e
?ani?aaeaeaiey ?ano?nia iaaeaeo aeaeaie aeayoaeueiinoe aeey iaania/aiey
aoaeouaai oniaoa.

Anee aeaeu aeayoaeueiinoe, e-ie oe?ia caieiaaony, ia?anoatho
oaeiaeaoai?youe aa oeaeyi, inouanoaeyaony aiaeec iooae aeeaa?neoeeaoeee
e ii?aaeaeaiea iiauo aeaeia aeayoaeueiinoe, e e-i neaaeoao ia?aeoe.

99. Yooaeoeaiinoue ?aeeaiu.

1. Eiiioieeaoeaiay yooaeoeaiinoue. Ianeieueei yooaeoeaioth
eiiioieeaoeeth iaania/eaaao iauyaeaiea.

Yoio iaoiae iacuaaaony “ii?iaiaaiea oaenoia”. Aai iiaeii eniieueciaaoue
eae aei ?aciauaiey iauyaeaiey, oae e iinea aai ioaeeeaoeee eee
o?aineyoeee.

Aei ?aciauaiey iauyaeaiey ?aeeaiiaeaoaeue iiaeao i?iaanoe ii?in
iio?aaeoaeae ia oaio, i?aaeony ee ei i?aaeiieaaaaiia iauyaeaiea e
auaeaeyaony ee iii ec ?yaea i?i/eo.

Iinea ?aciauaiey iauyaeaiey ?aeeaiiaeaoaeue iiaeao i?iaanoe caia?u
i?eiiieiaaiinoe ?aeeaiu eee ociaaaaiinoe a?, eae oaea aeaeaiiie ?aiaa.

2. Oi?aiaay yooaeoeaiinoue.

Niiniau ecia?aiey:

1) N?aaiaiea iauaiia i?iaeaae e cao?ao ia ?aeeaio ca i?ioaaeoee ia?eiae,

2) ?ac?aaioea yenia?eiaioaeueiie ?aeeaiiie i?ia?aiiu.

?aeeaia o?aaoao aieueoeo aeaiaa, e-a eaaei ?ano?aoeoue aionooth, anee
oe?ia ia noiaao oi/ii noi?ie?iaaoue caaea/o, i?eiao iaaeinoaoi/ii
i?iaeoiaiiia ?aoaiea ioiineoaeueii ?aeeaiiiai athaeaeaoa, ia?auaiey e
auai?a n?aaenoa ?aeeaiu, ia noiaao i?iecaanoe ioeaieo ?aeeaiiie
aeayoaeueiinoe.

Iieacaoaee yooaeoeaiinoe:

1) Noiia cao?ao ia ?aeeaio / I?e?ino oiaa?iiai?ioa,

2) Noiia cao?ao ia ?aeeaio / *enoay i?eaueue.

109. Oi?iu eiieo?aioeee ia aiaoieo ?uieao (110. Iniaaiiinoe eiieo?aioeee
ia aiaoieo ?uieao).

Iniaaiiinoueth ie?iaiai ?uiea yaeyaony ino?ay eiieo?aioeey i?aeoe/anee
ia anao no?aiiauo ?uieao.

I?e auoiaea ia ?uiie oe?ia aeieaeia ciaoue, n eaeei oeiii eiieo?aioeee
ae i?eaeaony noieeiooueny:

1) I?e /enoie (naiaiaeiie) eiieo?aioeee, e-y iaaethaeaaony ia ?uiea n
aieueoei eie-aii i?iaeaaoeia e iieoiaoaeae, i?aeoe/anee iaaiciiaeii
niciaoaeueii aeeyoue ia oeaiu. Oeaia oi?ie?oaony ?uieii noeoeeii, iiae
aicaeaenoaeai iaiythuaainy S&D;

2) Iiiiiieenoe/aneay eiieo?aioeey.

Ioiineoaeueii aieueoia /enei i?iecaiaeeoaeae i?aaeeaaatho iioiaeoth, ii
ia eaeaioe/ioth i?iaeoeoeeth. I?e yoii aieueoia aieiaiea aeieaeii
ia?auaoueny ia neaaeothuea oaeoi?u: ea/-ai oiaa?a, oneoae,
i?aaeinoaaeyaiua aianoa n iei, ianoa i?iaeaaee oiaa?a, noeioee?iaaiea
nauoa e oiaeiaea (iaoiaeia iaoeaiiaie eiieo?aioeee). Oaeie ?uiie
iiae?acoiaaaao aeoeaiia eniieueciaaiea anao yeaiaioia ia?eaoeiaa.

I?e iiiiiieenoe/aneie no?oeoo?a ?uiea, eiaaea ia iai aeaenoaoao
ia?aie/aiiia /enei i?iaeaaoeia (eee aeaaea iaeei) – iiiiiieey e
ieeaiiieey, nicaeathony oneiaey aeey aeeeoaoa oeai i?iaeaaoeaie.

Eiieo?aioeey auaaao:

1) Oeaiiaay. Ai?ueaa ca iieoiaoaey aaaeaony n iiiiuueth oeai.

2) Iaoeaiiaay. Niia?ie/anoai a ea/-aa i?iaeoeoeee, iiaecia, niaa?oainoaa
oaoiieiaee, o?iaia iineai?iaeaaeiiai ianeoaeeaaiey, i?aaiecaoeee nauoa.

Aeeao 10.

10. ?acaeoea ?uiea e ia?eaoeia.

Ia?aui yoaiii ia?eaoeiaiaie aeayoaeueiinoe yaeyaony eco/aiea ?uiea, aai
aeeiaieee, eciaiaiee.

A oneiaeyo iianaianoiiai ?inoa eiieo?aioiie ai?ueau iiiaei oe?iai
iaiaoiaeeia oi/iay e iieiay eioi?iaoeey i ?acoeueoaoao naiae
aeayoaeueiinoe. Ia ?uiea i?aaei?eyoee eo/oei enoi/ieeii aeaiiuo aeey
ioeaiee iauaia i?iaeaae e aeiee ?uiea, eiia/ii, yaeythony auienaiiua
n/aoa e eaeoaioeee. Eiiiaiee ia yoii ?uiea oaeaea /anoi ia?auathony e
naiei oi?aiaui aaaioai aeey n?aaiaiey ?acoeueoaoia naiae aeayoaeueiinoe
n oai, /oi i?ienciaeeo a noaia eiieo?aioia. Iiieii yoiai iaieioei
enoi/ieeii eioi?iaoeee aeey ioeaiee aeiee ?uiea neoaeao iiiai/eneaiiua
aeaeeia?aoe/aneea enoi/ieee, a oii /enea e ioeoeeaeueiua io/aou
eiieo?aioia.

Iaeiei ec ?ani?ino?aiaiiuo iaoiaeia ecia?aiey iauaia ?aaeecaoeee oiaa?a
eiia/iui iio?aaeoaeyi yaeyaony o/ao oiaa?ia (eee “iaaaceiiue aoaeeo”).
Iniiaiay eiioeaioeey: enneaaeiaaoaeueneay oe?ia iai?aaeyao aoaeeoi?ia
aeey i?iaa?ee niaoeeaeueii aua?aiiie a?oiiu iaaaceiia ?icie/iie
oi?aiaee. Ai a?aiy iinauaiey eaaeaeiai iaaaceia i?iecaiaeeony iieiay
eiaaioa?ecaoeey ii?aaeaeaiiie niaieoiiinoe oiaa?ia, i?aaenoaaeythueo
eioa?an aeey enneaaeiaaiey. “Aoaeeoi?u” aiaeece?otho aeaeaeaiea oiaa?ia,
i?iaa?yy n/aoa iieaou iioiauo caeoiie, iaeeaaeiua ioa?ocee oiaa?ia ni
neeaaea, ae?oaea aeieoiaiou i i?yiuo iinoaaeao i?iecaiaeeoaey e o.ae.
Iauai i?iaeaae oiaa?a eiia/iui iio?aaeoaeyi au/eneyaony ii oi?ioea:
Caianu ia ia/aei ia?eiaea + *enoua caeoiee (o iioiaeeia e
i?iecaiaeeoaeae) – Caianu ia eiiaoe ia?eiaea = Iauai i?iaeaae.

Eniieuecoy ?acoeueoaou iaoiaea o/aoa oiaa?ia, iiaeii iieo/eoue
eioi?iaoeeth ioiineoaeueii:

– iauaia i?iaeaae oiaa?a eiia/iui iio?aaeoaeyi,

– caeoiie, i?iecaiaeeiuo ?icie/iuie oi?aiaoeaie,

– n?aaeieo ?acia?ia oiaa?iuo caiania,

– n?ieia iinoaaie,

– oeai (iioiauo e ?icie/iuo),

– aioo?eiaaaceiiie ?aeeaiu.

Iaeiie ec aaaeiuo i?iaeai a ia?eaoeiaa yaeyaony ioeaiea noaiaie
aicaeaenoaey e yooaeoeaiinoe ?aeeaiiuo eiiiaiee, i?iaiaeeiuo n
eniieueciaaieai ?acee/iuo n?aaenoa ianniaie eioi?iaoeee. Eae au oai ie
auei, iiiuoee eco/aiey ?uiea a ?innee aia/aea auee ano?a/aiu
neaioe/anee. Oai ia iaiaa iie iieo/eee ?acaeoea, oae eae eaeeie au
ianiaa?oaiiuie e noauaeoeaiuie ie auee i?iaiicu, i?e anae naiae
i?iecaieueiinoe iie a eiia/iii n/aoa yaeythony aaeeinoaaiiui iaoiaeii,
iicaieythuei iai oioue eae-oi iiae/eieoue naaa aoaeouaa.

???. Oaeoeea ia?eaoeiaa – iaeia ec oi?i au?aaeaiey ia?eaoeiaiaie
no?aoaaee.

(20. Oaeoeea e no?aoaaey ia?eaoeiaa.)

Ia?eaoeiaiaay no?aoaaey oi?ie?oaony ia iniiaa aiaeeca ?uii/iie
neooaoeee.

1. Oiaa?.

2. Oeaia.

3. I?iaeaeaeaiea oiaa?a.

4. Aeinoaaea oiaa?a iio?aaeoaeth (nauo).

Oi?iie au?aaeaiey no?aoaaee yaeyaony oaeoeea – iinoaiiaea e ?aoaiea
caaea/ i?aaei?eyoey ia eaaeaeii ?uiea ii eaaeaeiio oiaa?o a eiie?aoiue
ia?eiae a?aiaie. A oaeoeea ia?eaoeiaa iaoiaeeo io?aaeaiea ioeaiea
oaeouae ?uii/iie neooaoeee. Iaiaoiaeeii o/anoue:

– eciaiaiea eiaeaena oeai ia i?iaeoeoeeth,

– iaino?aiea eiieo?aioiie ai?ueau,

– naciiiinoue a iaaeaiee ni?ina,

– nieaeaiea eioa?ana e oiaa?o iieoiaoaey.

Oaeoeea I. iai?aaeaiia ia:

1. iaania/aiea onoie/eaiai iieiaeaiey i?aaei?eyoey ia ?uiea,

2. iaeneiecaoeeth i?eauee,

3. aaeaeaaoiia ?aaae?iaaiea ia eciaiaiea ?uii/iie neooaoeee,

4. ei??aeoe?iaeo ieaiia oe?iu a ioaao ia eciaiaiea ?uii/iie neooaoeee
(?anoe?aiea anni?oeiaioa, ?anoe?aiea ?aeeaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe e o. ae.).

No?aoaaey e oaeoeea I. ?aaeecoaony /a?ac niioaaonoaothuea i?ia?aiiu e
ieaiu, eioi?ua ?acee/athony ii:

1. i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoe (e?aoein?i/iua aei 1 aiaea, n?aaeian?i/iua io 1
aei 5, aeieain?i/iua > 5 eao),

3. iaoiaeo ?ac?aaioee (naa?oo aiec, o.a. ?oeiaiaenoai oe?iu
?ac?aaaouaaao eiio?ieueiua oeeo?u aoaeothuaai ieaia aeayoaeueiinoe
oe?iu; nieco aaa?o, o.a. ?ac?aaioea io nio?oaeieeia).

47. Oeaia eae oa?aeoa? oiaa?a.

Oeaia – aeaiaaeiia au?aaeaiea noieiinoe oiaa?a. ?aiaa ainiiaenoaiaaea
nenoaia noaaeeueiuo ?an/aoiuo oeai. Oeaiu iicaieyee eiaoue
niiinoaaeiinoue iieacaoaeae ii aiaeai. Iie ia ioaa/aee iauanoaaiii
iaiaoiaeeiue cao?aoai o?oaea. A 1991 aiaeo oeaiu ii?inee aaa?o. Yoi auei
ii?aaaeaii, o.e. i?eaaaeaiea oeai a niioaaonoaea n cao?aoaie i?eaaei e
oaaee/aieth i?iecaiaenoaa.

A oeaia io?aaeaaony:

1. Aeeiaieea cao?ao.

2. Iieacaoaee ?acoeueoaoia o?oaea.

3. Oaiiu eioeyoeee.

4. Niioiioaiea ni?ina e i?aaeeiaeaiey.

5. Noaiaiue iiiiiieecaoeee ?uiea.

I?aaeeueiia ii?aaeaeaiea oeaiu ii?aaeaeyao:

1. ?aioaaeeueiinoue i?iecaiaenoaa.

2. Eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoue oe?iu.

3. Noaaeeueiinoue oe?iu ia ?uiea.

Ei??aeoe?iaea oeaiu o?aaoaony:

1. I?e ?ac?aaioea iiaiai oiaa?a.

2. I?e eniieueciaaiee iiauo eaiaeia nauoa.

3. I?e auoiaea n oiaa?ii ia iiaue ?uiie.

4. I?e eciaiaiee ecaea?aeae i?iecaiaenoaa.

Iniiaiie ninoaaeythuae oeaiu yaeyaony n/n. No?oeoo?a n/n:

1. Nu?uea e iaoa?eaeu.

2. Oiieeai e yia?aey ia oaoiieiae/aneea oeaee (yia?aicao?aou).

3. Ca?aaioiay ieaoa (aei 50% a ?acaeouo no?aiao).

4. Io/oneaiey ia nioeeaeueiia no?aoiaaiea.

5. ?anoiaeu ia niaea?aeaiea e yenieoaoaoeeth iai?oaeiaaiey:

– cao?aou ia aii?oecaoeeth,

– cao?aou ia oaeouee ?aiiio,

– cao?aou ia niaea?aeaiea.

6. Oeaoiaua ?anoiaeu:

– cao?aou ia oaeouee ?aiiio e niaea?aeaiea caeaiee e nii?oaeaiee,

– aii?oecaoeey caeaiee,

– niaea?aeaiea oeaoiaiai ia?niiaea.

7. Iauacaaiaeneea ?anoiaeu:

– ia aaeieieno?aoeaii-oi?aaeai/aneee ia?niiae.

8. Aiai?iecaiaenoaaiiua ?anoiaeu:

– noaiaea?oecaoeey,

– oaoie/aneay i?iiaaaiaea.

– I?aaeaea /ai ?ac?aaioaoue no?aoaaeth oi?ie?iaaiey oeaiu, oe?ia
aeieaeia i?iaiaeece?iaaoue ana aiaoiea oaeoi?u, aeeythuea ia ?aoaiey.
Oae aea eae e ?aoaiey ii oiaa?iaeaeaeaieth, ?aoaiey ii oeaiai a
cia/eoaeueiie noaiaie caaenyo io yeaiaioia, aiaoieo aeey oe?iu. Yoi
ioee/aaony io ?aoaiee ii i?iaeoeoai e i?iaeaeaeaieth, eioi?ua a aieueoae
noaiaie eiio?iee?othony oe?iie.

Eiiaaea aiaoiea yeaiaiou nouanoaaiii aeeytho ia niiniaiinoue oe?iu
onoaiaaeeaaoue oeaiu; a ae?oaeo neo/ayo iie ieacuaatho iaaieueoia
aicaeaenoaea.

76. Iiiyoea ia?eaoeiaiaiai eiio?iey.

O.e. i?e inouanoaeaiee ieaiia ia?eaoeiaa aicieeaao iiiaeanoai
iaiaeeaeaiiinoae, ioaeaeo ia?eaoeiaa iaiaoiaeeii aanoe iinoiyiiue
eiio?ieue ca oiaeii eo auiieiaiey.

Oeiu ia?eaoeiaiaiai eiio?iey:

Eiio?ieue: Ioaaonoaaiiua ca i?iaaaeaiea Oeaeue I?eaiu e iaoiaeu

Ca auiieiaieai aiaeiauo ieaiia Aunoaa e n?aaeiaa ?oeiaiaenoai
Oaeinoiaa?aiea a aeinoeaeaiee iieo/aiiuo ?acoeueoaoia Aiaeec
aiciiaeiinoae nauoa,

Aiaeec aeiee ?uiea,

Aiaeec niioiioaiey “cao?aou ia ia?eaoeia / nauo”,

Iaaethaeaiea ca ioiioaieai eeeaioia

I?eaueueiinoe Eiio?ieea? ii ia?eaoeiao Auyniaiea enoi/ieeia aeioiaea e
?anoiaea ?aioaaaeueiinoue ii oiaa?ai, oa??eoi?eyi, naaiaioai ?uiea,
oi?aiaui eaiaeai, iauaiai caeacia

No?aoaae/aneee Aunoaa ?oeiaiaenoai, ?aaeci? ii ia?eaoeiao Eniieuecothony
ee max yooaeoeaiua ia?eaoeiaiaua aiciiaeiinoe e ianeieueei yooaeoeaii
?aaecey ia?eaoeiaa

Yoaiu eiio?iey ca auiieiaieai aiaeiauo ieaiia:

1. A iaai caeeaaeuaathony eiio?ieueiua iieacaoaee a ?acaeaea ii ianyoeai
eee eaa?oaeai,

2. I?iaaaeaiea caia?ia iieacaoaeae ?uii/iie aeayoaeueiinoe oe?iu,

3. Auyaeaiea i?e/ei na?ueaciuo naiaa a aeayoaeueiinoe oe?iu,

4. I?eiyoea ia? eni?aaeaieth iieiaeaiey e eeeaeaeaoeey ?ac?uaia iaaeaeo
oeaeyie e ?acoeueoaoaie.

No?aoaae/aneee eiio?ieue:

A?aiy io a?aiaie oe?ia iaiaoiaeeii i?iaiaeeoue e?eoe/aneea ioeaiee
ia?eaoeiaiaie yooaeoeaiinoe a oeaeii, ia?aioeaieaaoue naie iauee
iiaeoiae e ?uieo, iieuecoynue ?aaeceae ia?eaoeiaa – eiiieaeniia,
nenoaiiia, aani?eno?anoiia e ?aaoey?iia enneaaeiaaiea ia?eaoeiaiaie
n?aaeu oe?iu, aa caaea/, no?aoaaee e iia?aoeaiie aeayoaeueiinoe n
oeaeueth auyaeaiey aicieeathueo i?iaeai e ioe?uaathueony aiciiaeiinoae e
auaea/e ?aeiiaiaeaoeee ioiineoaeueii ieaia aeaenoaee ii
niaa?oainoaiaaieth ia?eaoeiaiaie aeayoaeueiinoe yoie oe?iu.

90. Nouiinoue e aeaeu ?aeeaiu.

?aeeaia – iaee/iua oi?iu eiiioieeaoeee, inouanoaeyaiua /a?ac iin?aaenoai
ieaoiuo n?aaenoa ?ani?ino?aiaiey eioi?iaoeee, n /aoei oeacaiiui
enoi/ieeii oeiaine?iaaiey.

Noa?a aeayoaeueiinoe ?aeeaiu aeeth/aao a naay:

1) Eco/aiea iio?aaeoaeae oneoa, eioi?ua i?aaenoieo ?aeeaie?iaaoue,

2) Enneaaeiaaiea iniaaiiinoae ?uiea, eioi?ue i?aaenoieo inaieoue,

3) No?aoaae/aneia ieaie?iaaiea n oi/ee c?aiey oeaeae, ii?aaeaeaiey
a?aieoe ?uiea, iaania/aiey anneaiiaaiee e ?ac?aaioee oai?/aneiai
iiaeoiaea e ieaie?iaaiey eniieueciaaiey n?aaenoa ?aeeaiu,

4) I?eiyoea oaeoe/aneeo ?aoaiee ii niaoa ?anoiaeia i?e auai?a n?aaenoa
?aeeaiu, ?ac?aaioea a?aoeeia ioaeeeaoeee e o?aineyoeee iauyaeaiee,

5) Ninoaaeaiea ?aeeaiiuo iauyaeaiee, aeeth/ay iiaeaioiaeo oaenoa,
iaeaoa, ooaeiaeanoaaiiia ioi?ieaiea e eo i?i-ai.

Aa niaoeeoe/aneea iniaaiiinoe:

1) Ia aani?eno?anoiinoue,

2) I?eaioaoeey ia eiie?aoiiai aae?anaoa, eiaao niaoeeoe/aneoth
iai?aaeaiiinoue, eaeao a ?aieao iiea/aiiiai ianoa eee a?aiaie,

4) ssaeyaony n?aaenoaii, niiniaiuo i?eianoe eieinnaeueiue oniao eee
eaoano?ioe/aneee i?iaae, e ia?aaeei aeaenoaothuei a oneiaeyo
iaii?aaeaeaiiinoe eiia/iiai ?acoeueoaoa.

Aeaeu ?aeeaiu:

1. Oiaa?iay. Eioi?ie?iaaiea iieoiaoaey ia iniaaiiinoyo e aeinoieinoaao
oneoa, i?iaoaeaeaao eioa?an e iei.

2. I?anoeaeiay (oe?iaiiay). I?aaenoaaeyao aeinoieinoaa oe?iu, auaiaeii
ioee/athuea a? io eiieo?aioia. Oeaeue – nicaeaiea i?eaeaeaoaeueiiai
eieaeaea.

Ii ?ani?ino?aiaieth ?aeeaiiiai ia?auaiey:

1. I?yiay

*aua anaai eiaeeaeaeoaeueiay – ?ani?ino?aiaiea aaaioaie ii ?aeeaia
niaoeeeoa?aoo?u iaiin?aaenoaaiii iioaioeeaeueiui eeeaioai. E?iia oiai –
?ani?ino?aiaiea ?aeeaiiuo iaoa?eaeia ii ii/oa e ?aaioa n eeeaioaie ii
oaeaoiio.

2. Aacee/iay (ianniaay)

1) ?aeeaia a i?anna,

2) Ia/aoiay ?aeeaia (i?iniaeou, eaoaeiae, ieaeaou, eenoiaee, eaeaiaea?e
e o.ae.),

3) Ye?aiiay ?aeeaia,

4) ?aaeei?aeeaia,

5) Ia?oaeiay ?aeeaia (e?oiiiaaaa?eoiua ieaeaou, niaoeeaeueiua ?aeeaiiua
ianoa),

6) ?aeeaia ia o?ainii?oa (aioo?enaeiiiay, ?aciauaaiay ia ia?oaeiie
iiaa?oiinoe o?ainii?oiuo n?aaenoa, ?aciauaaiay ia noaioeeyo
iauanoaaiiiai o?ainii?oa e aie?oa ieo),

7) Noaaie?u e ae?. oi?iu ?aeeaiu.

Ii oa?aeoa?o e iniaaiiinoyi ?aeeaiiiai i?iaeoeoa, aeeciaiiiai oeeeea
oiaa?a e caaea/, e-a noaayony ia?aae ?aeeaiie ia eiie?aoiii yoaia:

1) Eioi?iaoeaiay. I?aiaeaaeaao i?e auaaaeaiee iiaiai i?iaeoeoa ia ?uiie,
eiaaea noieo caaea/a ia?ae/iiai oi?ie?iaaiey ni?ina.

2) Oaauaaaoaeueiay. I?eiaiyaony ia yoaia ?anoe?aiey ?uiea, caaea/a
oe?iu – oi?ie?iaaiea iiaiai ?uiea nauoa. Caaea/a ?aeeaiu –
aeieacaoaeuenoai i?aeiouanoa oneiaee e ea/anoaa eiie?aoiie oneoae, ii
eiie?aoiiio n?aaiaieth a? n aiaeiae/iie i?aeoeeie eiieo?aioia.

3) Iaiiieiathuay. Aaie oaea iiiaiai aeinoea a ieacaiee eiie?aoiuo oneoa
e aio ioaeii aiiaue neiioeaio?e?iaaoue aieiaiea ia eo aeinoieinoaao.

4) Iiaee?aieythuay. Oaa?yao eeeaioia a i?aaeeueiinoe naeaeaiiiai eie
auai?a.

Eiiaaea ?aciiaeaeiinoueth ?aeeaiu aunooiaao oae iacuaaaiay
“aioe?aeeaia”. Auaatho iiiaiou, eiaaea ia?eaoeiaiaie i?ia?aiiie
iinoaaeaia oeaeue ( ni?in ia ii?. aeae oneoa. Oiaaea i?eiaiyaony
aioe?aeeaia, iiae/a?eeaathuay iaeioi?ua iaaaoeaiua iineaaenoaey
eniieueciaaiey oaeie oneoae.

104. Iniiaiua aeaeu ia?eaoeiaa ia aiaoieo ?uieao.

1. Yenii?o:

1) Ia?aaoey?iue. Ianneaiue o?iaaiue aiaea/aiey, eiaaea oe?ia a?aiy io
a?aiaie yenii?oe?oao naie eceeoee e i?iaeaao oiaa?u ianoiui iioiaeeai,
i?aaenoaaeythuei ca?oaaaeiua oe?iu.

2) Aeoeaiue. Oe?ia caaeaaony oeaeueth ?anoe?eoue naie yenii?oiua
iia?aoeee ia eiie?aoiii ?uiea.

Yenii?o:

1) I?yiie. I?iaaaeaiea naiinoiyoaeueiuo iia?aoeee.

2) Einaaiiue. Eniieueciaaiea oneoa iacaaeneiuo iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo
ia?eaoeiaiauo iin?aaeieeia.

a) Aeey oe?i, ia/eiathueo naith yenii?oioth aeayoaeueiinoue,

a) O?aaoaony iaiueoa eaiaeiaeaiee: ia ioaeai nianoaaiiue oi?aiaue
aiia?ao ca ?oaaaeii e ia iaaei iaeaaeeaaoue naoue eiio?aaaioia.

a) Iaiueoa aiciiaeiuo ?eneia.

2. Niaianoiay i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneay aeayoaeueiinoue. Oi?ie?oaony
ia?oia?noai, a ?acoeueoaoa e-ai ca ?oaaaeii nicaeathony o.a. eee eiua
i?iecaiaenoaaiiua iiuiinoe.

Oeiu niaianoiiai i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa:

1) Eeoeaice?iaaiea. Eeoeaicea? anooiaao a niaeaoaiea n eeoeaiceaoii ia
ca?oaaaeiii ?uiea, i?aaeeaaay i?aaa ia eniieueciaaiea i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai
i?ioeanna, oiaa?iiai ciaea, iaoaioa, oi?aiaiai nae?aoa eee eaeie-oi eiie
oeaiiie cia/eiinoe a iaiai ia aiii?a? eee eeoeaiceiiiue ieaoaae.

2) Iiae?yaeiia i?i-ai. Caeeth/aiea eiio?aeoa n ianoiuie i?iecaiaeeoaeyie
ia auione oiaa?a.

3) Oi?aaeaiea ii eiio?aeoo. Oe?ia i?aaeinoaaeyao ca?oaaaeiiio ia?oia?o
“iio-oao” a iaeanoe oi?aaeaiey, a oio iaania/eaaao iaiaoiaeeiue eaieoae.

4) I?aaei?eyoea niaianoiiai aeaaeaiey. Iauaaeeiaiea oneeee ca?oaaaeiuo e
ianoiuo aeeaae/eeia eaieoaea n oeaeueth nicaeaiey ianoiiai eiiia?/aneiai
i?aaei?eyoey, e-i iie aeaaeatho e oi?aaeytho niaianoii.

3. I?yiia eiaanoe?iaaiea.

Iiiauaiea eaieoaea a nicaeaiea ca ?oaaaeii nianoaaiiuo nai?i/iuo eee
i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo i?aaei?eyoee. (Aeaoaaay ?aai/ay neea, nu?uea, eueaiou;
nicaeaiea aeaaii?eyoiiai ia?aca a no?aia, aieaa aeoaieeo ioiioaiee n
ain. i?aaiaie, eeeaioaie, iinoaaueeaie; nio?aiyaony iieiue eiio?ieue
iaae naieie eaiaeiaeaieyie).

(104. Iniiaiua oeiu ia?eaoeiaa ia aiaoieo ?uieao.)

Inoaiiaea naie auai? ia eaeii-eeai ?uiea, oe?ia aeieaeia aua?aoue
iaeeo/oee niinia auoiaea ia iaai, o.a. ?aoeoue aii?in i iaoiaeao auoiaea
ia ?uiie (oeia ia?eaoeiaa).

1. Naiui i?inoui niiniaii inouanoaeaiey aeayoaeueiinoe ia ca?oaaaeiii
?uiea yaeyaony yenii?o, n?aaee eioi?iai auaeaeytho:

a) Ia?aaoey?iue yenii?o. Oe?ia a?aiy io a?aiaie i?iaeaao naie eceeoee.

a) Aeoeaiue. Oe?ia caaeaaony oeaeueth ?anoe?eoue naie yenii?oiua
iia?aoeee ia eiie?aoiii ?uiea.

A iaieo neo/ayo oe?ia i?iecaiaeeo oiaa?u a nianoaaiiie no?aia.
Yenii?oe?iaaiea oiaa?ia inouanoaeyaony eeai /a?ac iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo
ia?eaoeiaiauo iin?aaeieeia (einaaiiue yenii?o), eeai naiinoiyoaeueii
(i?yiie yenii?o). I?aeoeea einaaiiiai yenii?oa iaeaieaa ?ani?ino?aiaia
n?aaee oe?i, oieueei ia/eiathueo naith aeayoaeueiinoue ia ie?iaii ?uiea,
iineieueeo o?aaoao iaiueoa eaieoaeiaeiaeaiee ec-ca oiai, /oi oe?ia ia
i?eoiaeeony nicaeaaaoue ca a?aieoeae naie nianoaaiiue oi?aiaue aiia?ao,
e naycaia n iaiueoei ?eneii.

2. Niaianoiay i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneay aeayoaeueiinoue, caeeth/athuayny a
niaaeeiaiee oneeee n i?aaei?eyoeyie no?aiu-ia?oia?a n oeaeueth nicaeaiey
i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo e ia?eaoeiaiauo iiuiinoae ia oa??eoi?ee yoie no?aiu.
Nouanoaoao 4 oeia niaianoiiai i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa:

1) Eeoeaice?iaaiea, au?aaeathuaany a oii, /oi eeoeaicea? anooiaao a
niaeaoaiea n eeoeaiceaoii ia ca?oaaaeiii ?uiea, i?aaeeaaay i?aaa ia
eniieueciaaiea i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai i?ioeanna, oiaa?iiai ciaea, oi?aiaiai
nae?aoa eee eaeie-e. eiie oeaiiinoe a iaiai ia aiii?a?;

2) Iiae?yaeiia i?iecaiaenoai – caeeth/aiea eiio?aeoa a ianoiuie
i?iecaiaeeoaeyie ia auione oiaa?a;

3) Oi?aaeaiea ii eiio?aeoo, a neo/aa e-ai oe?ia i?aaeinoaaeyao
ca?oaaaeiiio ia?oia?o “iio-oao” a iaeanoe oi?aaeaiey, a oio iaania/eaaao
iaiaoiaeeiue eaieoae, i?e/ai caeanue eiaao ianoi nei?aa yenii?oe?iaaiea
ia oiaa?a, a oi?aaeai/aneeo oneoa;

4) I?aaei?eyoey niaianoiiai aeaaeaiey, e-a i?aaenoaaeytho niaie
iauaaeeiaiea oneeee ca?oaaaeiuo e ianoiuo aeeaae/eeia eaieoaea n
oeaeueth nicaeaiey ianoiiai eiiia?/aneiai i?aaei?eyoey, e-i iie
aeaaeatho e oi?aaeytho niaianoii.

3. I?yiia eiaanoe?iaaiea

Iiiauaiea eaieoaea a nicaeaiea ca ?oaaaeii nianoaaiiuo i?aaei?eyoee
yaeyaony max iieiie oi?iie aiaea/aiey oe?iu a i/i-aeayoaeueiinoue.
I?eaeaeaoaeueiinoue aeaiiiai iaoiaea:

1) Oe?ia iiaeao nyeiiiieoue aeaiueae ca n/ao aieaa aeaoaaie ?aai/ae
neeu, nu?uey, eueaioiuo oneiaee, ( o?ainii?oiuo ?anoiaeia,

2) Nicaeaaay ?aai/ea ianoa, oe?ia iaania/eaaao naaa aieaa aeaaii?eyoiue
ia?ac,

3) Oe?ia nio?aiyao iieiue eiio?ieue iaae naieie eaieoaeiaeiaeaieyie,

4) O oe?iu onoaiaaeeaathony aieaa aeoaieea ioiioaiey n ainoaea?noaaiiuie
i?aaiaie, eeeaioaie, iinoaaueeaie, /oi aeaao aiciiaeiinoue eo/oa
i?eniiniaeoue naie oiaa?u e ianoiie n?aaea.

Ana yoi i?e iaee/ee iiuoa ?aaiou e aeinoaoi/ii aieueoie aieinoe ?uiea
niiniaii i?eianoe ae cia/eoaeueiua auaiaeu.

Aeeao 11.

11. Noauaeou e iauaeou ia?eaoeiaa.

Noauaeou I: i?iecaiaeeoaee oiaa?ia e oneoa, oi?aiaua, no?aoiaua, iioiaua
e ?icie/iua e niaoeeaeenou ii ia?eaoeiao, iio?aaeoaee.

Iauaeou I: i?aaeiaou iaiaia, o.a. oiaa?u, oneoae, oeaiiua aoiaae,
iauaeou eai. no?ieoaeuenoaa, oaoiieiaee, ?aa. neea.

Iauaeou: ?uiee, oiaa?u, oneoae.

Noauaeou: oece/aneea e th?eaee/aneea eeoea:

1. Niaoeeaeenou ii ia?eaoeiao (ia?eaoieiae).

2. I?iecaiaeeoaee oiaa?ia e oneoa.

3. Iioiaay oi?aiaey.

4. ?icie/iay oi?aiaey.

5. Eiia/iue iio?aaeoaeue.

6. I?aaei?eyoey, eioi?ua eniieuecotho i?iaeoeoeeth aeey i?iecaiaenoaa
nianoaaiiie i?iaeoeoeee.

Eaaeaeue noauaeo iaoeaoeiaa ea?aao aeaieioth ?ieue: iio?aaeoaeue e
i?iecaiaeeoaeue.

29. Oa?aeoa?enoeea ieeaiiieee.

Ieeaiiieenoe/aneee ?uiie ninoieo ec iaaieueoiai /enea i?iaeaaoeia,
aanueia /oanoaeoaeueiuo e iieeoeea oeaiiia?aciaaiey e ia?eaoeiaiaui
no?aoaaeyi ae?oa ae?oaa. Oiaa?u iiaoo auoue eae noiaeeie, oae e
ianoiaeeie. Iaaieueoia eiee/anoai i?iaeaaoeia iauyniyaony oai, /oi iiaui
i?aoaiaeaioai o?oaeii i?iieeiooue ia yoio ?uiie. Eaaeaeue i?iaeaaaoe
/ooei ?aaae?oao ia no?aoaaeth e aeaenoaey eiieo?aioia. Ieeaiiieeno
ieeiaaea ia eniuouaaao oaa?aiiinoe, /oi iiaeao aeiaeoueny eaeiai-oi
aeieaia?aiaiiiai ?acoeueoaoa ca n/ao nieaeaiey oeai. N ae?oaie noi?iiu,
anee ieeaiiieeno iiauneo oeaiu, eiieo?aiou iiaoo ia iineaaeiaaoue aai
i?eia?o. E oiaaea aio i?eaeaony eeai aica?auaoueny e i?aaeiei oeaiai,
eeai ?eneiaaoue iioa?ae eeeaioo?u a iieueco eiieo?aioia.

48. Oeaiiia?aciaaiea a ia?eaoeiaa.

A oeaia io?aaeaaony:

1. Aeeiaieea cao?ao.

2. Iieacaoaee ?acoeueoaoia o?oaea.

3. Oaiiu eioeyoeee.

4. Niioiioaiea ni?ina e i?aaeeiaeaiey.

5. Noaiaiue iiiiiieecaoeee ?uiea.

I?aaeeueiia ii?aaeaeaiea oeaiu ii?aaeaeyao:

1. ?aioaaeeueiinoue i?iecaiaenoaa.

2. Eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoue oe?iu.

3. Noaaeeueiinoue oe?iu ia ?uiea.

Oe?ia onoaiaaeeaaao enoiaeioth oeaio, a caoai ei??aeoe?oao aa n o/aoii
?acee/iuo oaeoi?ia, aeaenoaothueo a ie?oaeathuae n?aaea. ?anniio?ei
neaaeothuea iiaeoiaeu e nenoaia oeaiiia?aciaaiey: onoaiiaeaiea oeai ia
iiaue oiaa?, oeaiiia?aciaaiea a ?aieao oiaa?iie iiiaieeaoo?u,
onoaiiaeaiea oeai ii aaia?aoe/aneiio i?eioeeio, onoaiiaeaiea oeai ni
neeaeeaie e ca/aoaie, onoaiiaeaiea oeai aeey noeioee?iaaiey nauoa e
onoaiiaeaiea aeene?eieiaoeeiiiuo oeai.

Onoaiiaeaiea oeai ia iiaue oiaa?.

No?aoaae/aneee iiaeoiae oe?iu e i?iaeaia oeaiiia?aciaaiey /anoe/ii
caaeneo io yoaiia aeeciaiiiai oeeeea oiaa?a. Iniaaiii aieueoea
o?aaiaaiey i?aaeuyaeyao yoai auaaaeaiey ia ?uiie. Iiaeii i?iaanoe
?acee/ey iaaeaeo onoaiiaeaieai oeaiu ia iiaeeeiioth iiaeieo, caueuaiioth
iaoaioii, e onoaiiaeaieai oeaiu ia oiaa?, eieoe?othuee oaea
nouanoaothuea.

Oe?ia, auioneathuay ia ?uiie caueuaiioth iaoaioii iiaeieo i?e
onoaiiaeaiee oeaiu ia iaa iiaeao aua?aoue eeai no?aoaaeth “niyoey
neeaie”, eeai no?aoaaeth i?i/iiai aiaae?aiey ia ?uiie.

No?aoaaey “niyoey neeaie”. Onoaiiaeaiea naiuo aunieeo oeai ia aaniethoii
iiaua oiaa?u, eiaaea iieiinoueth ionoonoaotho eiieo?aiou. I?e yoie oeaia
i?iaeoeoeeth aini?eieiatho oieueei iaeioi?ua naaiaiou ?uiea. Iinea
caiaaeeaiey ia/aeueiie aieiu nauoa, oeaia nieaeaaony, /oiau i?eaea/ue
neaaeothuee yoaeii iieoiaoaeae, eioi?uo ono?aeaaao iiaay oeaia. Oaeei
ia?acii nieiathony neeaee n ?acee/iuo naaiaioia ?uiea. Aeaiiay no?aoaaey
eniieuecoaony anee:

1. iaaethaeaaony aunieee o?iaaiue oaeouaai ni?ina ni noi?iiu aeinoaoi/ii
aieueoiai /enea iieoiaoaeae.

2. ecaea?aeee iaeeina?eeiiai i?iecaiaenoaa ia auniee.

3. aunieay ia/aeueiay oeaia ia aoaeao i?eaeaeaoue iiauo eiieo?aioia.

4. aunieay oeaia iiaeaea?aeeaaao ia?ac aunieiai ea/anoaa oiaa?a.

No?aoaaeth i?i/iiai aiaae?aiey ia ?uiie.

Onoaiiaeaiea n?aaieoaeueii ieceie oeaiu ia iiaeieo aeey i?eaea/aiey
aieueoaai /enea iieoiaoaeae e caaiaaaiey aieueoaai naaiaioa ?uiea.
Onoaiiaeaieth ieceie oeaiu aeaaii?eyonoaotho neaaeothuea oneiaey:

1. ?uiie i/aiue /oanoaeoaeai e oeaiai e ieceay oeaia niinianoaoao aai
?anoe?aieth,

2. n ?inoii iauaiia i?iecaiaenoaa aai ecaea?aeee, a oaeaea ecaea?aeee ii
?ani?aaeaeaieth oiaa?a nie?auathony,

3. ieceay oeaia iai?eaeaeaoaeueia aeey nouanoaothueo e iioaioeeaeueiuo
eiieo?aioia.

Onoaiiaeaieai oeaiu ia oiaa?, eieoe?othuee oaea nouanoaothuea.

Oe?ia, ieaie?othuay ?ac?aaioaoue iiaue oiaa?-eieoaoi?, noaeeeaaaony n
i?iaeaiie aai iiceoeeiie?iaaiey. Iia aeieaeia i?eiyoue ?aoaiea i
iiceoeeiie?iaaiee iiaeiee ii iieacaoaeyi ea/anoaa e oeaiu (oaae.) Oe?ia
aeieaeia eco/eoue ?acia?u e oaiiu ?inoa ?uiea aeey eaaeaeie ec 9
iiceoeee e eiie?aoiuo eiieo?aioia a ?aieao eaaeaeie ec ieo.

Aeaayoue aa?eaioia no?aoaaee ia?eaoeiaa i?eiaieoaeueii e iieacaoaeyi
oeaiu e ea/anoaa:

OeAIA

EA*ANOAI OIAA?A Aunieay N?aaeiyy Ieceay

Aunieia 1. No?aoaaey i?aieaeueiuo iaoeaiie 2. No?aoaaey aeoaieiai
i?iieeiiaaiey ia ?uiie 3. No?aoaaey iiauoaiiie oeaiiinoiie cia/eiinoe

N?aaeiaa 4. No?aoaaey caauoaiiie oeaiu 5. No?aoaaey n?aaeiaai o?iaiy
6. No?aoaaey aeia?iea/anoaaiiinoe

Ieceia 7. No?aoaaey ia?aaeaiey 8. No?aoaaey iieaciiai aeanea
9. No?aoaaey ieceie oeaiiinoiie cia/eiinoe

Oeaiiia?aciaaiea a ?aieao oiaa?iie iiiaieeaoo?u.

Oe?ia no?aieoueny ?ac?aaioaoue nenoaio oeai, eioi?ay iaania/eaaea au
iieo/aiea iaeneiaeueiie i?eauee ii iiiaieeaoo?a a oeaeii.

Onoaiiaeaiea oeai ii aaia?aoe/aneiio i?eioeeio.

Onoaiiaeaiea oe?iie ?aciuo oeai aeey iio?aaeoaeae a ?aciuo /anoyo
no?aiu.

Onoaiiaeaiea oeai ni neeaeeaie e ca/aoaie.

Neeaeee ca ieaoaae iaee/iuie. Oiaiueoaiea oeaiu aeey iieoiaoaeae,
eioi?ua iia?aoeaii iiea/eaatho n/aoa.

Ooieoeeiiaeueiua neeaeee. Yoe neeaeee i?iecaiaeeoaee i?aaeeaaatho
neoaeaai oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey, auiieiythuei ii?aaeaeaiiua ooieoeee ii
i?iaeaaea oiaa?a, aai o?aiaieth, aaaeaieth o/aoa.

Onoaiiaeaiea oeai aeey noeioee?iaaiey nauoa.

Onoaiiaeaiea oeai aeey noeioee?iaaiey nauoa i?ienoiaeeo a ?aciuo oi?iao:

3. Eiiaaea i?iecaiaeeoaee i?aaeeaaatho iio?aaeoaeyi, iieoiathuei oiaa? o
aeeea?ia a ii?aaeaeaiiue io?acie a?aiaie, neeaeeo iaee/iuie. Iia
i?iecaiaeeony iaiin?aaenoaaiii iio?aaeoaeth.

Onoaiiaeaiea aeene?eieiaoeeiiiuo oeai.

1. N o/aoii ?aciiaeaeiinoae iieoiaoaeae.

2. N o/aoii aa?eaioia oiaa?a.

3. N o/aoii ianoiiaoiaeaeaiey.

4. N o/aoii a?aiaie.

*oiau oeaiiaay aeene?eieiaoeey n?aaioaea iaiaoiaeeii iaee/ea
ii?aaeaeaiiuo oneiaee:

1. ?uiie aeieaeai iiaeaeaaaoueny naaiaioe?iaaieth, a iieo/aiiua naaiaiou
aeieaeiu ioee/aoueny ae?oa io ae?oaa eioaineaiinoueth ni?ina.

2. *eaiu naaiaioa, a eioi?ii oiaa? i?iaeaaony ii ieceie oeaia, ia
aeieaeiu eiaoue aiciiaeiinoe ia?ai?iaeaoue aai a naaiaioa, aaea oe?ia
i?aaeeaaaao aai ii aunieie oeaia.

3. Eiieo?aiou ia aeieaeiu ?aniieaaaoue aiciiaeiinoueth i?iaeaaaoue oiaa?
aeaoaaea a naaiaioa, aaea oe?ia i?aaeeaaaao aai ii aunieie oeaia.

4. Ecaea?aeee a nayce n naaiaioe?iaaieai ?uiea e iaaethaeaieai ca iei ia
aeieaeiu i?aauoaoue noiiu aeiiieieoaeueiuo iinooieaiee, ia?acothueony a
?acoeueoaoa oeaiiaie aeene?eieiaoeee.

5. Onoaiiaeaiea aeene?eieiaoeeiiiuo oeai ia aeieaeii aucuaaoue iaeaeu e
iai?eycie iio?aaeoaeae.

6. I?eiaiyaiay oe?iie eiie?aoiay oi?ia oeaiiaie aeene?eieiaoeee ia
aeieaeia auoue i?ioeaii?aaiie n oi/ee c?aiey caeiia.

70. Oaeoi?u, aicaeaenoaothuea ia iaaeee-?eeaeoic e eieaeae oe?iu, aaiea.

Yoe oaeoi?u auaeyaeyo neaaeothuei ia?acii:

– noa?a aeayoaeueiinoe,

– eiee/anoaaiiue e ea/anoaaiiue ninoaa eeeaioo?u,

– ?aaeii, aaea inouanoaeyaony aeayoaeueiinoue,

– iauai i?iaeaae,

– noaiaiue aeeaa?neoeoee?iaaiiinoe eiiiaiee,

– naaiaio ?uiea, ia eioi?ii aaaeaony ?aaioa,

– oaca yeiiiie/aneiai oeeeea,

– anni?oeiaio i?iaeoeoeee,

– naycue oe?iu n nioeeaeueiie noa?ie, /oi iniaaiii aeooaeueii aeey
?innee n aa iiiii?iiuoeaiiuie ai?iaeaie.

82. Ea/anoai e iauai eioi?iaoeee a ia?eaoeiaa (81+50-iaiaaeaeiaio
“Cia/aiea eioi?iaoeee a iaiaaeaeiaioa”)

Eio. – ia?a ono?aiaiey iaii?aaeaeaiiinoe a ioiioaiee eioa?anothuaai ian
iauaeo, niaieoiiinoue naaaeaiee i ninoiyiee O-nenoaiu. Yoa niaieoiiinoue
iiaeao auoue i?aaenoaaeaia a aeaea eiee/anoaaiiuo ia?aiao?ia,
ea/anoaaiiuo i?eciaeia, i?eaioe?ia, oeaeae e caaea/ aeaenoaothuaai
i?aaei?eyoey. Iieo/aiea e ia?aaioea eio. caieiatho enoiaeiia ianoi a
i?ioeanna O oe?iie.

I?ioeann O oe?iie:

1. Iieo/aiea e ia?aaioea eio. i ninoiyiee iauaeoa,

2. Ii?aaeaeaiea i?eioeeiia, i?eaioe?ia e caaea/ O,

3. Au?aaioea ?aoaiee,

4. Auaea/a eiiaiaeu, ?anii?yaeaiey,

5. ?aaeecaoeey ?aoaiee,

6. Eciaiaiea iauaeoa.

Aeaiiue ii?yaeie aeaenoaee i?eiaiyaony i?e iaiin?aaenoaaiiii
?oeiaiaenoaa inouanoaeaieai oao. iia?aoeee, i?e O eaae?aie, oeiainaie,
i?ieca. caianaie. Ii I iiae?acoiaaaao ia oieueei iaiin?aaenoaaiiia O
i?aaei?eyoeai, ii e ?aciin?i/iia ieaie?iaaiea aai aeayoaeueiinoe (
auoaeaao iaiaoiaeeiinoue eiaoue eio. i ia?niaeoeaao ?acaeoey oiai ?uiea,
ia e-i ?aaioaao i?aaei?eyoea. N yoie oeaeueth inouanoaeythony
ia?eaoeiaiaua enneaaeiaaiey. E?iia oiai, aeey ei??aeoe?iaee
aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey iaiaoiaeeia eio. i eiieo?aioao – eo ieaiao,
i?ia?aiiao, IO ?ac?aaioeao. Iaee/ea oaeie eio. iicaieyao iia?aaeaoue
eiieo?aioia i?e auionea iiaie i?iaeoeoeee, iaeo?aeeciauaaoue /oaeea
?aeeaiiua eaiiaiee, i?eaeaeaoue e naaa eo/oea eaae?u. Aua iaeiei aeaeii
eio., iieaciui i?e O i?aaei?eyoeai, yaeythony naaaeaiey i i?aaenoiyueo
eciaiaieyo iaeiaiaiai, oaiiaeaiiiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa, yeie.
ii?iaoeaiuo aeoia – aeaao aiciiaeiinoue ooi/ieoue ia oieueei ia?aiao?u
aoaeouae i?iaeoeoeee, ii e niiniau aa i?iaeaeaeaiey ia ?uiie.

108. Iieeoeea i?eaea/aiey eiino?aiiiai eaieoaea a ?inneeneoth yeiiiieeo.

Aeey i?eaea/aiey aeii. iao. e o-?ano?nia, ia?aaeiauo oaoiieiaee e
oi?aaeai/aneiai iiuoa i?aaei?eyoea iiaeao i?eaaaiooue e ei-eiaanoeoeeyi.

Ei-eiaanoeoeeyie yaeythony ana aeaeu eiouanoaaiiuo e eioaeeaeooaeueiuo
oeaiiinoae, aeeaaeuaaaiua ei-eiaanoi?aie a iauaeou i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneie
e ae?oaeo aeaeia aeayoaeueiinoe a oeaeyo iieo/aiey i?eauee (aeioiaea).
Iie iiaoo inouanoaeyoueny a aeaea aeieaaiai o/anoey a i?aaei?eyoeyo,
nicaeaaaaiuo niaianoii n th/e e a?aaeaeaiaie ?O; i?eia?aoaiey
i?aaei?eyoee, eiouanoaaiiuo eiiieaenia, caeaiee, nii?oaeaiee, aeieae
o/anoey a i?aaei?eyoeyo, iaaa, aeoeee, iaeeaaoeee e ae?oaeo oe/a, a
oaeaea eiiai eiou-aa, e-a a niioaaonoaee n aeaenoaothuei ia oa??eoi?ee
?O caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii iiaeao i?eiaaeeaaeaoue ei-eiaanoi?ai.

Ei-eiaanoeoeee ia oa??eoi?ee ?O iiaoo aeeaaeuaaoueny a ethaua iauaeou,
ia cai?auaiiua aeey oaeeo eiaanoeoeee caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii.

?aaoee?iaaiea ei-eiaanoeoeee inouanoaeyaony Caeiiii “Ia ei-eiaanoeoeeyo
a ?NON?”. A aeaiiii caeiia ii?aaeaeythony i?aaiaua e yeii. iniiau
inouanoaeaiey ei-eiaanoeoeee ia oa??eoi?ee iaoae no?aiu. Ii aa?aioe?oao
caueuaiiinoue ei-eiaanoeoeee, aiciauaiea oauoeia a neo/aa
iaoeeiiaeecaoeee, iaeiaei ei-eiaanoi?u ia no?aiyony aeeaaeuaaoue
aeaiueae a ?inneeneea i?aaei?eyoey ec-ca ianoaaeeueiie yeii. e iieeo.
neooaoeee a no?aia.

Ana aea i?aa-ai iaeeaeaao ( aeiee ei-eiaanoeoeee a iauai iauaia
eaiaeiaeaiee n 3,3% a 1995 aiaeo aei 5,2% a 1997 aiaeo.

Iniiaiuie iai?aaeaieyie eiaanoeoeee NI e eiioe?i yaeythony oiieeaiay
(34,1%), oeie/aneay (12,3%), aea?aaiia?aaaouaathuay (8,6%) i?ii-oe. Aeey
i?aaei?eyoee, ?aaioathueo a ae?oaeo noa?ao aeayoaeueiinoe, iieo/aiea
ei-eiaanoeoeee a aieueoeinoaa neo/aaa i?iaeaiaoe/ii.

Aeeao 12.

12. Aiaoiyy e aioo?aiyy n?aaea ia?eaoeiaa.

Ia?eaoeiaiaay n?aaea – iauaeoeaiua oneiaey, a eioi?uo inouanoaeyaony
ia?eaoeia.

Ii nouanoaothuae a?aaeaoeee a ia?eaoeiaa ?acee/atho aioo?aiithth e
aiaoithth n?aaeu:

Aiaoiyy n?aaea ninoieo ec:

1. Iauanoaaiii-iieeoe/aneia ono?ienoai.

2. Caeiiiaeaoaeueiay nenoaia.

3. Nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneay neooaoeey.

4. Ninoiyiea IOI.

5. Aeaiia?aoe/aneay ianoaiiaea.

6. Aaia?aoey no?aiu.

7. Eoeueoo?iua iniaaiiinoe.

8. Iaoeeiiaeueiua iniaaiiinoe.

Aioo?aiiyy n?aaea:

1. No?oeoo?a oe?iu.

2. Anni?oeiaio oiaa?ia eee oneoa.

3. Oeaee oe?iu.

4. Eaae?u.

5. Yeiiiie/aneea iieacaoaee.

21. Iniaaiiinoe ia?eaoeiaiaie no?aoaaee ia ?inneeneeo oe?iao.

Oaeei ia?acii, iu aeaeei, /oi no?aoaaey ia?eaoeiaa ii?aaeaeyaony enoiaey
ec oeaeae e caaea/ oe?iu.

A ianoiyuee iiiaio a ?innee iiaeii auaeaeeoue ianeieueei i?eioeeieaeueii
?aciuo iiceoeee ?inneeneeo oe?i.

– iiene iiaie eee aeeaa?neoeoee?iaaiiie i?iaeoeoeee aeey iinoiyiiuo
caeac/eeia, iio?aaeoaeae – /oi iiaeii naeaeaoue, /oi ioaeii naeaeaoue;

– ia?aniio? no?oeoo?u i?aaei?eyoey – oae?aiea eeoieo caaiueaa;

– caaeaaoue ii?aaeaeaiioth ieoo ia ?uiea.

(125. Iniaaiiinoe ?ac?aaioee ia?eaoeiaiaie no?aoaaee a oe?iao ?innee.)

No?aoaae/aneee ieai oeacuaaao, eaeea ia?eaoeiaiaua aeaenoaey oeia
aeieaeia i?aaei?eiyoue, ii/aio iie iaiaoiaeeiu, eoi ioaa/aao ca eo
?aaeecaoeeth, aaea iie aoaeoo i?aaei?eiyou e eae caaa?oaiu. Ii oaeaea
ii?aaeaeyae eaeouaa iieiaeaiea oe?iu, aa aoaeouoth i?eaioaoeeth e
?ani?aaeaeaiea ?ano?nia.

?ac?aaioea ia?eaoeiaiaie no?aoaaee aeeth/aao a naay neaaeothuea
yeaiaiou:

– ii?aaeaeaiea oeaeae i?aaiecaoeee,

– ii?aaeaeaiea oeaeae ia?eaoeiaa,

– aiaeec neooaoeee,

– ii?aaeaeaiea no?aoaaee.

Aeey ?inneeneeo oe?i oa?aeoa?ii, /oi /aua anaai eo oeaeueth yaeyaony
inoaoueny ia ieaao, ia aeiionoeoue ?aci?aiey oe?iu e inoaiiaee
i?iecaiaenoaa. Iiyoiio neaaeoao o/eouaaoue, /oi ia?eaoeia aeieaeai auoue
iai?aaeai ia i?inoi ia iiene eeeaioia, a ia iiene e i?eaea/aiea
iaaeaaeiuo, ieaoaaeaniiniaiuo eeeaioia.

I?e ?ac?aaioea no?aoaaee neaaeoao o/eouaaoue oaeoi? iieeoe/aneie,
yeiiiie/aneie, nioeeaeueiie ianoaaeeueiinoe a ?innee. Iiyoiio
iaiaoiaeeii i?iaanoe aeaoaeueiue aiaeec ?eneia e ii?aaeaeeoue, eaeea
ia?u aiiaoiaeeiu aeey eo i?aaeioa?auaiey e eeeaeaeaoeee io?eoeaoaeueiuo
iineaaenoaee.

(140. Iniaaiiinoe ?ac?aaioee ia?eaoeiaiaie no?aoaaee a oe?iao ?innee.)

Ii ii?inai i?aaei?eieiaoaeae a iaeii aeciana 40% i?aaei?eyoee iaoeaeaiu
ia nethieiooiia auaeeaaiea, a 60% – ia ?acaeoea. Aiiaua i?aeoeea
iieacuaaao, /oi niaia a oe?ia oeaee oaeoe/aneie (auaeeaaiea) ia oeaeue
no?aoaae/aneoth (?acaeoea) oeo/oaao yeiiiie/aneia iieiaeaiea
i?aaei?eyoey. Iaeiaei ethaee ia iiaoo a ?ac ioeacaoueny io 70-oe eaoiaai
iiaeaaeaiey a ieo eieoeeaoeau. Aieaa oiai, eiaaea a ia?eiae ia?ano?ieee
aecian aue eaaaeeciaai, ia?auie ia aai o?iio auoee auaoea oa?oeiaueee e
niaeoeyiou, e oaea ecia/aeueii iaeuecy auei aiai?eoue i oeeaeeeciaaiiii
aeciana, i ia?eaoeiaiauo ieaiao e ia?eaoeiaiauo neoaeaao.

Ianoaaeeueiay yeiiii. neooaoeey iiaoaeaeaao ?oeiaiaeeoaeae aeaenoaiaaoue
ii i?eioeeio “max i?eaueue naaiaeiy”. E?iia oiai iaoaaoea a?aiioiuo
niaoeeaeenoia, a oaeaea eiiuethoa?iie oaoieee oiaea ia niinianoaoao
?anoe?aieth eniieueciaaiey ia?eaoeiaiaie no?aoaaee. A ?acoeueoaoa
no?aoaaey anee anoue, oi, eae i?aaeei, iai?iaeoiaiiay, e aeeth/aao eeoue
eeth/aaua yeaiaiou. Iiyoiio ?oeiaiaeeoaee ia?auathony ieoeii e iiuoo
eiinaeoeiaiauo oe?i n oeaeueth iaoiaeaeaiey iioeiaeueiuo iooae
oicyenoaiaaiey a aoaeouai.

51. Iauaeoeaiua i?aaeaeu aiciiaeiinoae iieeoeee oeai.

61. Ii?aaeaeaiea iiceoeeiie?iaaiey.

Iiceoeeiie?iaaiea oiaa?a – yoi aeaenoaey, iai?aaeaiiua ia iaania/aiea
oiaa?o eiieo?aioiniiniaiiai iieiaeaiey ia ?uiea. Iii iai?aaeaii ia
ii?aaeaeaiea aiciiaeiuo iooae niaa?oainoaiaaiey nouanoaothueo ecaeaeee,
a oaeaea auyaeaiea ?aaeueiinoe auoiaea oe?iu ia ?uiie n iiaui oiaa?ii,
ii?aaeaeaiea ianoa iiaiai oiaa?a a ?yaeo nouanoaothueo. Caeanue iiaay
i?iaeoeoeey (oiaa?-iiaeiea) – yoi ecaeaeea, iaeaaeathuaa aiciiaeiinoueth
auiieiyoue niaa?oaiii iiaoth eee oniaa?oainoaiaaiioth ooieoeeth ii
n?aaiaieth n nouanoaothuae i?iaeoeoeeae.

I?ioeann iiceoeeiie?iaaiey ia/eiaaony ia/eiaaony iinea oiai eae oe?ia
ii?aaeaeeo, ia eaeii naaiaioa ?uiea ae aunooiaoue. Anee yoio naaiaio
oaea onoiyeny, neaaeiaaoaeueii, a iai anoue eiieo?aioeey. Aieaa oiai,
eiieo?e?othuea oe?iu oaea caiyee a ?aieao naaiaioa naie “iiceoeee”.
Iiyoiio ia?aae ?aoaieai aii?ina i nianoaaiiii iiceoeeiie?iaaiee oe?ia
iaiaoiaeeii ii?aaeaeeoue iiceoeee anao eiathueony eiieo?aioia. Iiae
ii?aaeaeaieai iiceoeee a aeaiiii neo/aa iiieiaaony auyaeaiea e
niioianaiea ea/anoaaiiuo ia?aiao?ia e iauaiia i?iaeaae i?iaeoeoeee
eiieo?aioia. N o/aoii auyaeaiiuo iiceoeee eiieo?aioia oe?ia iiaeao
eca?aoue 1 ec aeaoo eiathueony a aa ?anii?yaeaiee iooae. Iooue ia?aue –
iiceoeeiie?iaaoue naay ?yaeii n iaeiei ec nouanoaothueo eiieo?aioia e
ia/aoue ai?ueao ca aeieth ?uiea. Aeey yoiai iaiaoiaeeii niaethaeaiea
oneiaee:

1) Oe?ia iiaeao iinoaaeoue i?iaeoeoeeth, i?aainoiaeyuoth aiaeia
eiieo?aioa,

2) ?uiie aeinoaoi/ii aaeee, /oiau aianoeoue aeaoo eiieo?aioia,

3) Oe?ia ?aniieaaaao aieueoeie, /ai o eiieo?aioa, ?ano?naie e/eee

4) Eca?aiiay iiceoeey a iaeaieueoae ia?a ioaa/aao iniaaiiinoyi neeueiuo
aeaeiauo noi?ii i?aaiecaoeee.

Aoi?ie iooue – ?ac?aaioaoue a ?aieao aeaiiiai naaiaioa i?iaeoeoeeth,
eioi?ie aua iao ia ?uiea. Ii aeey yoiai iaaei oaaaeeoueny a iaee/ee:

1) Oaoie/aneeo aiciiaeiinoae aeey nicaeaiey i?eaeiaeueiiai i?iaeoeoa,

2) Yeiiiie/aneeo aiciiaeiinoae aeey yoiai,

3) Aeinoaoi/iiai /enea iioaioeeaeueiuo iieoiaoaeae, eiathueo aeaeaiea
i?eia?anoe iiaue oiaa?.

Iinea i?eiyoey ?aoaiey i naiai eiieo?e?othuai iiceoeeiie?iaaiee a
naaiaioa ?uiea oe?ia i?enooiaao e aeaoaeueiiio ieaie?iaaieth eiiieaena
ia?eaoeiaa. Yoi aeeth/aao neaaeothuea yoaiu:

– enneaaeiaaiea iioeaia iieoiaoaeueneiai iiaaaeaiey,

– oi?ie?iaaiea eaeae iiaiai oiaa?a,

– i?iaa?ea e ioai? iiaeoiaeyueo eaeae,

– ?ac?aaioea oaoie/aneiai i?aaeeiaeaiey iiaiai oiaa?a,

– i?iaa?ea oaoie/aneiai i?aaeeiaeaiey,

– aaaeaiea yeiiiie/aneiai aiaeeca,

– ecaioiaeaiea iiuoiiai ia?acoea,

– ecaioiaeaiea iiuoiie ia?oee,

– i?iaiue ia?eaoeia, eioi?ue inouanoaeyaony a ia?aie/aiiua n?iee e ia
aaia?aoe/anee neiioeaio?e?iaaiiii ?uiea,

– ioeaiea ?acoeueoaoia,

– na?eeiia i?-ai,

– eiiia?/aneay ?aaeecaoeey na?eeiie i?iaeoeoeee.

92. Oeaee ?aeeaiiaeaoaey.

Oeaee ?aeeaiiaeaoaey i?aaenoaaeytho niaie niaieoiiinoue acaeiioaycaiiuo
e acaeiiiaoneiaeaiiuo ?acoeueoaoia ?aeeaiiie eaiiaiee. Ionthaea, oeaee
iiaeii ii?aaeaeeoue e ?aniieiaeeoue neaaeothuei ia?acii:

Aeey oe?iu:

– iiauoaiea i?anoeaea oe?iu,

– /aoeia iaicia/aiea aeey iio?aaeoaeae iiceoeee oiaa?ia ia naaiaioao
?uiea,

– i?iiaaaiaea iio?aaeoaeueneeo naienoa oiaa?a,

– i?iiaaaiaea oi?aiauo ia?ie,

– eae eiia/iay e iaeaieaa aaaeiay oeaeue – oaaee/aiea /enea i?iaeaae.

Aeey aaiea:

– i?ana/aiea a ca?iaeuoa aaieianeie iaieee,

– aeiaaaeaiea aei iioaioeeaeueiuo aeeaae/eeia oneiaee aeeaaeia e aeaeia
i?aaeinoaaeyaiiai ianeoaeeaaiey,

– eae ieii/aoaeueiue ?acoeueoao – oaaee/aiea /enea aeeaaeia.

(92. Oeaee ?aeeaiiaeaoaey.)

Ii caaea/ai, e-a noaayony ?aeeaiiaeaoaeai ia eiie?aoiii yoaia,
?acee/atho ?aeeaio:

1) Eioi?iaoeaioth. I?aiaeaaeaao i?e auaaaeaiee iiaiai i?iaeoeoa ia
?uiie, eiaaea noieo caaea/a ia?ae/iiai oi?ie?iaaiey ni?ina.

2) Oaauaaaoaeueioth. I?eiaiyaony ia yoaia ?anoe?aiey ?uiea, caaea/a
oe?iu – oi?ie?iaaiea iiaiai ?uiea nauoa. Caaea/a ?aeeaiu –
aeieacaoaeuenoai i?aeiouanoa oneiaee e ea/anoaa eiie?aoiie oneoae, ii
eiie?aoiiio n?aaiaieth a? n aiaeiae/iie i?aeoeeie eiieo?aioia.

3) Iaiiieiathuoth. Aaie oaea iiiaiai aeinoea a ieacaiee eiie?aoiuo oneoa
e aio ioaeii aiiaue neiioeaio?e?iaaoue aieiaiea ia eo aeinoieinoaao.

4) Iiaee?aieythuoth. Oaa?yao eeeaioia a i?aaeeueiinoe naeaeaiiiai eie
auai?a.

5) Aioe?aeeaio. Ia?eaoeiaiaie i?ia?aiiie iinoaaeaia oeaeue ( ni?in ia
ii?. aeae oneoa – i?eiaiyaony aioe?aeeaia, iiae/a?eeaathuay iaeioi?ua
iaaaoeaiua iineaaenoaey eniieueciaaiey oaeie oneoae.

124. Oi?ie?iaaiea ni?ina e noeioee?iaaiea nauoa (OINNOEN) ca ?oaaaeii.
Iooe eniieueciaaiey iiuoa a ?innee.

Iniiaiay caaea/a OIN – aaaaeaiea ia ?uiie iiauo oiaa?ia, iaania/aiea
ia/aeueiuo i?iaeaae e caaiaaaiea iaeioi?ie aeiee ?uiea. I?aaeaea anaai
ioaeii aeiianoe eioi?iaoeeth iieoiaoaeyi:

– i nouanoaiaaiee oiaa?a;

– i iio?aaiinoyo, eioi?ua ii oaeiaeaoai?yao;

– i ea/anoaa oiaa?a;

– i aa?aioeyo.

O.i. ia?auaiea e iaeioi?ie?oaiui iieoiaoaeyi oi?ie?oao ni?in.

Eiaaea ethaee oaea ociaee io oiaa?a, iaiaoiaeeii noeioee?iaaoue nauo.

Caaea/a NOEN – i?iaoaeaeaiea e iineaaeothuei iieoieai aeaiiiai oiaa?a
aieueoeie ia?oeyie, e ?aaoey?iui eiiia?/aneei naycyi. NOEN iiaeao auoue
iai?aaeaii eae ia iieoiaoaeae, oae e ia i?iaeaaoeia-iin?aaeieeia.
Iniiaiie iaoiae – i?aaeeiaeaiea iuooeiie eiiia?/aneie auaiaeu oai, eoi
i?eia?aoaao oiaa? ia ii?aaeaeaiiuo oneiaeyo, ca n/ao neeaeie, e?aaeeoia,
iiiu?eoaeueiuo iiaea?eia, aanieaoiiai ?ani?ino?aiaiey ia?acoeia e o. ae.

?inneeneea i?aaei?eyoey iaei oaeaeytho aieiaiea OINNOEN, a iniaaiii aai
ia?aie noaaeee. *anoi iieoiaoaee ia ciatho i iiyaeaiee ia ?uiea iiauo
ea/anoaaiiuo ?inneeneeo oiaa?ao e i?iaeieaeatho iieueciaaoueny
eiino?aiiuie. aeaaea anee iie ooaea e aei?iaea. *oiau eni?aaeoue yoio
iaaeinoaoie iaiaoiaeeii eco/eoue caiaaeiue iiuo OINNOEN e i?eiaiyoue aai
ia i?aeoeea.

Aeeao 13.

13. Caaea/e ia?eaoeiaa ia ?inneeneii ?uiea.

1) I?aaeinoaaeaiea eioi?iaoeee aeey ?oeiaiaenoaa oe?iu n o/aoii aiaoieo
e aioo?aiieo oneiaee.

2) Ii?aaeaeaiea oeaeae ia?eaoeiaa, enoiaeny ec oeaeae oe?iu.

4) Eco/aiea ia?eaoeiaa a ?aaioa i?aaei?eyoey.

5) Inouanoaeaiea ?uii/iie aeayoaeueiinoe /a?ac: ?ac?aaioeo i?iaeoeoeee;
?aaeecaoeeth i?iaeoeoeee; onoaiiaeaiea oeai; ?aeeaio.

6) Iniiaiay eaeay ia?eaoeiaa – i?eaioaoeey ia eeeaioa.

7) Iinoaaeoue eeeaioa a oeaio? aieiaiey.

8) Eeeaio aaaeiaa aioo?eoe?iaiiuo o?aaiaaiee.

9) ”Eoi ia oi/ao ianeoaeeaaoue, oiio eo/oa noaoue eeeaioii”.

10) Aeey aieaa yoaeoeaiie ?aaiou iaaei nicaeaoue yiieeiiaeueioth naycue
n eeeaioii.

32. Niiniau aiaeeca e i?iaiice?iaaiey ?uiea.

Aiaeec e i?iaiice?iaaiea ?uiea – aaaeiaeoay ninoaaeythuay ia?eaoeiaa,
ia?aue oaa ia?eaoeiaiaie aeayoaeueiinoe, io oeaeinoiinoe,
naiaa?aiaiiinoe, i?aaeeueiinoe eioi?iai caaeneo aeaeueiaeoay
aeayoaeueiinoue oe?iu, aa oniao ia ?uiea.

Aeaaiaea?y eiiieaeniiio enneaaeiaaieth e aiaeeco ?uiea oe?ia iieo/aao
aaaeiaeooth eioi?iaoeeth i eiiuthieoo?a ?uiea, n o/aoii naieo
nianoaaiiuo aiciiaeiinoae e ia?niaeoea i?iieeiiaaiey ia oio eee eiie
?uiie, ?anoe?aiey naiaai aeeyiey eee auoiaea ia ?uiie n iiaui oiaa?ii
(oneoaie) e o.ae.. Enneaaeiaaiea, aiaeec e i?iaiice?iaaiea ?uiea
inouanoaeythony iaeiia?aiaiii e ii?aaeaeytho aeaeueiaeoee oaa
ia?eaoeiaiaie aeayoaeueiinoe – auai? e ?aaeecaoeeth ia?eaoeiaiaie
no?aoaaee.

Nia?aiaiiue ?uiie n aai aeanoeie eiieo?aioeeae auioaeaeaao oe?iu
iinoiyiii enneaaeiaaoue ?uiie, i?iaiice?iaaoue aai aeaeueiaeoaa
?acaeoea, /oiau ia ionoaoue io a?aiaie, “auoue ia ieaao”. Nia?aiaiiay
oe?ia inouanoaeyao enneaaeiaaiea, aiaeec e i?iaiice?iaaiea ?uiea ia
iniiaa nenoaiu iai?a?uaiiai nai?a e ia?aaioee eioi?iaoeee ia eciaiaiee
neooaoeee ia ?uiea, i?eiaiyao iaoiaeu iaoeiiie ia?aaioee eioi?iaoeee.
I?e yoii eniieuecothony aeaiiua eae ioeoeeaeueiie noaoenoeee, n?aaenoa
ianniaie eioi?iaoeee, oae e aeaiiua, iinooiathuea ec niaoeeaeueiuo
iiae?acaeaeaiee oe?iu, caieiathueony nai?ii eioi?iaoeee iaiin?aaenoaaiii
ia ?uieao nauoa, e ae?oaay aioo?eoe?iaiiay eioi?iaoeey.

Nouanoaotho ?acee/iua iaoiaeu aiaeeca eioi?iaoeee: io /enoi
iaoaiaoe/aneeo aei yenia?oiuo ioeaiie. Iau/ii i?aeoeeotho aeaa niiniaa
aiaeeca neooaoeee ia ?uiea (auai? oiai eee eiiai niiniaa caaeneo io
aioo?aiiae no?oeoo?u oe?iu, aa no?aoaaee, oeiainiauo aiciiaeiinoae). A
niioaaonoaee n ia?aui, ana yeaiaiou ia?eaoeiaiaie aeayoaeueiinoe
inouanoaeythony oe?iie naiinoiyoaeueii. Aeey yoiai i?aaieciauaaaony
ia?eaoeiaiaay neoaeaa: iaeei niaoeeaeeno eee oeaeay nenoaia ioaeaeia – a
caaeneiinoe io aiciiaeiinoae oe?iu.

Aoi?ie niinia naycai n eniieueciaaieai niaoeeaeece?iaaiiuo oe?i,
inouanoaeythueo aanue eiiieaen ia?eaoeiaiaie aeayoaeueiinoe. Ianiio?y ia
aunieoth noieiinoue iiaeiaiuo oneoa, aeaiiue niinia ii?aaaeai aeey
iaaieueoeo oe?i (oae iacuaaaiiai iaeeiai e n?aaeiaai aeciana), a oaeaea
e aeey e?oiiuo oe?i i?e auoiaea ia iiaua ?uiee (iaaeaeoia?iaeiue eee
?uiee eaeie-eeai iaeiie ca?oaaaeiie no?aiu). Aeaiiue niinia oe?iei
eniieuecoaony a nia?aiaiiuo oneiaeyo a ?acaeouo no?aiao, aaea, ia?acii
aiai?y, eaaeaeue caieiaaony naiei aeaeii. E yoi ii?aaaeaiii ia oieueei
oai?aoe/anee (ana iu ciaai i iieueca ?acaeaeaiey o?oaea), ii e
yeiiiie/anee.

Iai?eia?, i?iaiaey ia?eaoeiaiaua enneaaeiaaiey ia ?uiea eaeie-eeai
yecioe/aneie no?aiu, n aieueoie aa?iyoiinoueth iiaeii neacaoue, /oi
aeaeay yoi naiinoiyoaeueii aac iiiiue ianoiuo niaoeeaeenoia, oe?ia
iio?aoeo ai?acaei aieueoa n?aaenoa e a?aiaie, a ?acoeueoao aoaeao, aac
niiiaiey, aieaa ieceei, /ai o oe?i-i?ioanneiiaeia, eioi?ua, aaconeiaii,
eo/oa ciatho neooaoeeth a naiae no?aia (ia/eiay io caeiiia, iieeoe/aneie
neooaoeee, caeai/eaay iaoeeiiaeueiuie iniaaiiinoyie, “oeo?inoyie” e
“oeiaeaie” oaoie/aneie i?aaiecaoeee aeayoaeueiinoe oe?iu n iaeneiaeueiie
aeey iaa auaiaeie).

Iaeiaei ia nia?aiaiiii ?uiea a?yaeee eaeay-eeai oe?ia eniieuecoao 1-ue
eee 2-ie niinia a /enoii aeaea (oioy oyaioaiea e oiio eee eiiio niiniao,
eiia/ii, aiieia i/aaeaeii). Oae iai?eia?, aeaaea anee ia oe?ia
nouanoaoao nianoaaiiay ia?eaoeiaiaay neoaeaa, oi aiieia aa?iyoii, /oi
neoaeauea oe?iu ?aii eee iicaeii i?eaaaatho e oneoaai
niaoeeaeenoia-eiinoeueoaioia ni noi?iiu. A a neo/aa, eiaaea oe?ia ia
eiaao nianoaaiiie neoaeaa ia?eaoeiaa, iia ?aii eee iicaeii (iai?eia?, a
nayce n ?inoii) i?aaiecoao oioy au iaaieueoie ioaeae. Aiai?y i niiniaao
aiaeeca e i?iaiice?iaaiey ?uiea, iaiaoiaeeii inaaoeoue e ae?oaie aniaeo
yoiai aii?ina: “Eaeiau eiie?aoiua oaae eae i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai, oae e
aeaoaeueiiai enneaaeiaaiey ?uiea?” (ni. aii?in?24 “Eiiieaeniia
enneaaeiaaiea ?uiea”)

46. Oeaiiaay iieeoeea, eae iaeia ec ninoaaeythueo iaoaiecia ?aaeecaoeee
ia?eaoeiaiaie eiioeaioeee. I?eioeeiu aa ?ac?aaioee.

Oeaeaiai?aaeaiiay oeaiiaay iieeoeea a yenii?oiii ia?eaoeiaa caeeth/aaony
a neaaeothuai: iaaei onoaiaaeeaaoue ia naie oiaa?u oaeea oeaiu e oae
eciaiyoue eo a caaeneiinoe io neooaoeee ia ?uiea,/oiau iaeaaeaoue
ii?aaeaeaiiie aeieae ?uiea, iieo/eoue iaia/aiiue iauai i?eauee e o.ae.,
oi anoue, ii nooe, ?aoeoue iia?aoeaiua caaea/e, naycaiiua n ?aaeecaoeeae
oiaa?a a ii?aaeaeaiiie oaca aai aeeciaiiiai oeeeea, ioaaoeoue ia
aeayoaeueiinoue eiieo?aioia e o.ae.

Ana yoi iaania/eaaao e ?aoaiea no?aoaae/aneeo caaea/.

Aaaeiinoue oeaiu aeey ?oeiaiaeeoaeae ia?eaoeiaa nouanoaaiii aic?inea. A
enneaaeiaaiee, i?iaaaeaiiii a 1964 aiaeo, iie noaaeee oeaiiia?aciaaiea
ia oanoia ii cia/aieth ianoi n?aaee 12 ia?eaoeiaiauo oaeoi?ia – iinea
ieaie?iaaiey i?iaeoeoa, ia?eaoeiaiauo enneaaeiaaiee, oi?aaeaiey nauoii,
?aeeaiu, noeioee?iaaiey nauoa e ianeoaeeaaiey iio?aaeoaeae. Iieiaeia
?oeiaiaeeoaeae auneacaee iiaiea, /oi oeaiiia?aciaaiea ia aoiaeeo a iyoue
iaeaieaa aaaeiuo oaeoi?ia. Iaeiaei ii?in ?oeiaiaeeoaeae a 1986 aiaeo
iieacae, /oi oeaiiia?aciaaiea yaeyaony iaeaieaa aaaeiui, eeth/aaui
aii?inii, aaaeiaa aiaae?aiey iiaie i?iaeoeoeee, naaiaioaoeee ?uieia,
ecaea?aeae nauoa e 14 ae?oaeo oaeoi?ia.

Aeey yoiai anoue ?yae i?e/ei. Ia i?ioyaeaiee 70-o e ia/aea 80-o aiaeia
aic?anoaee ecaea?aeee e oeaiu. Yoi oaaee/eei aieiaiea eiiiaiee e
iio?aaeoaeae e aii?inai oeai. Oiaiueoaiea ?aaoee?iaaiey nenoai aaieia,
o?ainii?oa e ae?oaeo iaeanoae yeiiiieee oneeeei oeaiiaoth eiieo?aioeeth.

No?aoaaey i?aaei?eyoey a /anoe oeai yaeyaony aeayoaeueiinoueth, eioi?ay
naycaia n iai?a?uaiui i?ioeannii ei??aeoe?iaaiey. No?aoaaeth
oeaiiia?aciaaiey iaiaoiaeeii ia?aniao?eaaoue:

1. Eiaaea nicaeaaony iiaay i?iaeoeoeey.

2. Eiaaea i?iaeoeoeey nia?oainoaoaony.

3. Eiaaea iaiyaony eiieo?aioiay n?aaea ia ?uiea.

4. Eiaaea oiaa? i?ioiaeeo ?aciua noaaeee aeeciaiiiai oeeeea.

5. Eiaaea iaiythony ecaea?aeee i?iecaiaenoaa.

?ac?aaioeo oeaiiaie no?aoaaee ineiaeiyao:

1. Iaiaoiaeeiinoue /anoie niaiu oeai.

2. O?oaeiinoue iauynieoue iieoiaoaeyi i?e/eio eciaiaiey oeai.

3. I?eiyoea ?aoaiey i oeaiiaie iieeoeee aac aeaoaeueiiai eco/aiey
?uii/iie neooaoeee.

4. Yeanoe/iue ni?in.

5. I?iaeaiu oe?iu, naycaiiua n eciaiaieai caeiiiaeaoaeueiie aacu
oeaiiia?aciaaiey.

Aa?eiou no?aoaaee oeai:

1. I?eaioaoeey ia oaeouaa iieiaeaiea.

I?eaiu oeaiiia?aciaaiey:

a) No?aoaaey aeaeeo oeai.

a) No?aoaaey iaie?oaeaiiuo oeai:

10,1 – iai?aaeeueiay oeaia,

9,98 – i?aaeeueiay oeaia. Oeeo?u 9 e 8 eiatho ineoieiae/aneia aeaenoaea;

a) No?aoaaey eueaioiuo oeai:

– i?iaeaaea a ?ann?i/eo,

– neeaeea ca ?aaoey?iinoue iieoiee,

– neeaeea a nayce n i?acaeieeii.

2. I?eaioaoeey ia nauo.

2.1. Nauoue eae iiaeii aieueoa.

2.2. Iieo/aiea max niaieoiiie i?eauee io oaaee/aiey iauaia i?iaeaae.

2.3. Nie?auaiea ecaea?aeae i?e aieueoii iauaia ?aaeecaoeee.

I?eaiu oeaiiia?aciaaiey.

3. I?eaioaoeey ia i?eaueue.

Max-oeey i?eauee.

3.1. Iieo/aiea max i?eauee ca ei?ioeee n?ie, a iioii cae?uoea oe?iu.

3.2. Ieaie?iaaiea aeayoaeueiinoe oe?iu n max i?eaueueth ia aeeeoaeueiue
ia?eiae a?aiaie.

Ie?iaay oeaia – iaeaieaa yooaeoeaiay oeaia, o.e. iia iaeaieaa iieii
ioaa/aao iauanoaaiii iaiaoiaeeiui cao?aoai o?oaea, iaiaoiaeeiui aeey aa
i?iecaiaenoaa. Iia iauaeoeaia.

63. Oa?aeoa?enoeea 4-o “?” a ia?eaoeiaa.

I?eioeei 4 “I”:

– i?iaeoeo (product),

– oeaia (price),

– i?iaeaeaeaiea (promotion),

– ianoi (place),

+5 “I” – ethaee (people).

79. Iiiyoea eiiioieeaoeee.

Eiiioieeaoeee – yoi iaiai eioi?iaoeeae iaaeaeo ethaeueie. Iniiaiay
oeaeue eiiioieeaoeeiiiiai i?ioeanna – iaania/aiea iiieiaiey eioi?iaoeee,
yaeythuaeny i?aaeiaoii iaiaia, oi anoue niiauaiee. A i?ioeanna iaiaia
eioi?iaoeeae auaeaeytho 4 aaciauo yeaiaioa:

1. Ioi?aaeoaeue, eeoei, aaia?e?othuaa eaeae eee niae?athuaa eioi?iaoeeth
e ia?aaeathuaa aa.

2. Niiauaiea, nianoaaiii eioi?iaoeey, caeiaee?iaaiiay n iiiiuueth
neiaieia.

3. Eaiae, n?aaenoai ia?aaea/e eioi?iaoeee.

4. Iieo/aoaeue, eeoei, eioi?iio i?aaeiacia/aia eioi?iaoeey e eioi?ia
eioa?i?aoe?oao aa.

I?e iaiaia eioi?iaoeeae ioi?aaeoaeue e iieo/aoaeue i?ioiaeyo ianeieueei
acaeiinaycaiiuo yoaiia. Eo caaea/a – ninoaaeoue niiauaiea e
eniieueciaaoue eaiae aeey aai ia?aaea/e oaeei ia?acii, /oiau iaa noi?iiu
iiiyee e ?acaeaeeee enoiaeioth eaeath. Yoi o?oaeii, eai eaaeaeue yoai
yaeyaony iaeiia?aiaiii oi/eie, a eioi?ie niune iiaeao auoue eneaaeai eee
iieiinoueth oo?a/ai. Oeacaiiua acaeiinaycaiiua yoaiu oaeiau:

1. Ca?iaeaeaiea eaeae.

2. Eiaee?iaaiea e auai? eaiaea.

3. Ia?aaea/a.

4. Aeaeiaee?iaaiea.

Iiaeaeue i?ioeanna iaiaia eioi?iaoeeae.

110. Iniaaiiinoe eiieo?aioeee ia aiaoieo ?uieao.

Aeeao 14.

53. Ia?eaoeia eae iniaue aeae eiiia?/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe.

IA?EAOEIA (io aiaeeeneiai market – ?uiie) – eiiieaeniay nenoaia
i?aaiecaoeee i?iecaiaenoaa e nauoa i?iaeoeoeee, i?eaioe?iaaiiay ia
oaeiaeaoai?aiea iio?aaiinoae eiie?aoiuo iio?aaeoaeae e iieo/aiea i?eauee
ia iniiaa enneaaeiaaiey e i?iaiice?iaaiey ?uiea, eco/aiey aioo?aiiae e
aiaoiae n?aaeu i?aaei?eyoey-yenii?oa?a, ?ac?aaioee no?aoaaee e oaeoeee
iiaaaeaiey ia ?uiea n iiiiuueth ia?eaoeiaiauo i?ia?aii.

A yoeo i?ia?aiiao caeiaeaiu ia?ii?eyoey ii oeo/oaieth oiaa?a e aai
anni?oeiaioa, eco/aieth iieoiaoaeae, eiieo?aioia e eiieo?aioeee, ii
iaania/aieth oeaiiaie iieeoeee, oi?ie?iaaieth ni?ina, oi?ie?iaaieth
ni?ina, noeioee?iaaieth nauoa e ?aeeaia, iioeiecaoeee eaiaeia
oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey e i?aaiecaoeee nauoa, i?aaiecaoeee oaoie/aneiai na?aena
e ?anoe?aiey anni?oeiaioa i?aaenoaaeyaiuo na?aeniuo oneoa.

Ia?eaoeia eae ii?iaeaeaiea ?uii/iie yeiiiieee yaeyaony a ii?aaeaeaiiii
niunea oeeinioeae i?iecaiaenoaa, iieiinoueth (io
iao/ii-enneaaeiaaoaeueneeo e i?iaeoii-eiino?oeoi?neeo ?aaio aei nauoa e
na?aena) iiae/eiaiiie oneiaeyi e o?aaiaaieyi ?uiea, iaoiaeyueiny a
iinoiyiiii aeeiaie/aneii ?acaeoee iiae aicaeaenoaeai oe?ieiai niaeo?a
yeiiiie/aneeo, iieeoe/aneeo, iao/ii-oaoie/aneeo e nioeeaeueiuo oaeoi?ia.

I?aaei?eyoey-i?iecaiaeeoaee e yenii?oa?u ?anniao?eaatho ia?eaoeia eae
n?aaenoai aeey aeinoeaeaiey oeaeae, oeene?iaaiiuo ia aeaiiue ia?eiae ii
eaaeaeiio eiie?aoiiio ?uieo e aai naaiaioai, n iaeaunoae yeiiiie/aneie
yooaeoeaiinoueth. Iaeiaei yoi noaiiaeony ?aaeueiui oiaaea, eiaaea
i?iecaiaeeoaeue ?aniieaaaao aiciiaeiinoueth nenoaiaoe/anee
ei??aeoe?iaaoue naie iao/ii-oaoie/aneea, i?iecaiaenoaaiiua e nauoiaua
ieaiu a niioaaonoaee n eciaiaieyie ?uii/iie eiiuthieoo?u, iaiaa?e?iaaoue
nianoaaiiuie iaoa?eaeueiuie e eioaeeaeooaeueiuie ?ano?naie, /oiau
iaania/eoue iaiaoiaeeioth aeaeinoue a ?aoaiee no?aoaae/aneeo e
oaeoe/aneeo caaea/, enoiaey ec ?acoeueoaoia ia?eaoeiaiauo enneaaeiaaiee.

I?e yoeo oneiaeyo ia?eaoeia noaiiaeony ooiaeaiaioii aeey aeieain?i/iiai
e iia?aoeaiiai ieaie?iaaiey i?iecaiaenoaaiii-eiia?/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe
i?aaei?eyoey, ninoaaeaiey yenii?oiuo i?ia?aii i?iecaiaenoaa,
i?aaiecaoeee iao/ii-oaoie/aneie, oaoiieiae/aneie, eiaanoeoeeiiiie e
i?iecaiaenoaaiii-nauoiaie ?aaiou eieeaeoeaa i?aaei?eyoey, a oi?aaeaiea
ia?eaoeiaii – aaaeiaeoei yeaiaioii nenoaiu oi?aaeaiey i?aaei?eyoeai.

58. ?ac?aaioea aiaeia oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey e nauoa i?iaeoeoeee.

Eaiaeu oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey – niaieoiiinoue ?acee/iuo i?aaiecaoeee e
ioaeaeueiuo eeoe (iio?aaeoaeae), naycaiiuo n ia?aaeaeaeaieai e iaiaiii
oiaa?ia.

Nouanoaotho neaaeothuea eaiaeu oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey:

1.I?inoie eaiae oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey: i?iaeaeaeaiea o-?ia aac eniieuec-y
iin?aaeieeia, THE iai?yioth oi?aoao n iio?aaeoaeai. I?iecaiaeeoaeue (
Eiia/iue iio?aaeoaeue .

Eiia/. iio?-eue – oio, eoi eniieuecoao i?iaeoeoeeth aeey oaeiaeaoai?aiey
naieo iio?aaiinoae.

Eaiaeu oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey auiieiytho i/aiue aaaeiua ooieoeee:

– i?iaiaeyo ia?eaoeiaiaua enneaaeiaaiey : nai? eioi?iaoeee, iaiaoiaeeiie
aeey

ieaie?iaaiey e iaeaa/aiey iaiaia;

– ii?aaeaeytho oneiaey caeoiee e i?iaeaaee i?iaeoeoeee (ii oaeoo,
i?aaeiieaoa, eiineaiaoeey);

– noeioee?otho nauo;

– iaeaaeeaatho e iiaeaea?aeeaatho eiioaeou n iinoiyiiuie iieoiaoaeyie;

– niaeanotho oeaiu;

Eaeie aoaeao aua?ai eaiae oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey, caaeneo io oeiainiaiai
ninoiyiey oe?iu, io aa eieaeaea, i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo aiciiaeiinoae.
Aeeyiea ia auai? eaiaea ieacuaaao /enei eiieo?aioia, iio?aaeoaee, eo
ioiioaiea e i?eia?aoaieth oiaa?ia, io eo o?aaiaaiee e anni?oeiaoo e
ea/anoao oiaa?a, io ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoe iio?aaeoaeae, io oa?aeoa?enoee
naiiai oiaa?a.

75. I?eioeeiu ioeaiee i?ia?aiiu ia?eaoeia-ieen.

Ia?eaoeia-ieen (eiiieaeniue, eieaaethueeny ia?eaoeia) – eiiaeiaoeey
?acee/iuo eino?oiaioia aeey i?iaaaeaiey ia?eaoeiaiaie aeayoaeueiinoe.

Iniiaiua eino?oiaiou i?iaaaeaiey ia?eaoeiaiaie aeayoaeueiinoe:

1) Oiaa?iay e anni?oeiaioiay iieeoeea,

2) Iieeoeea oeai e oneiaee i?iaeaae,

3) ?ani?aaeaeeoaeueiay iieeoeea e iieeoeea i?eaea/aiey iieoiaoaeae,

4) Iieeoeea eiiioieeaoeee (?aeeaia, ia?niiaeueiua i?iaeaaee).

Iniiaiua o-ee i?ia?aiiu ia?eaoeia-ieen:

1) Oaycea iaaeaeo niaie ?acee/iuo yeaiaioia ia?eaoeiaiaiai iaoaiecia,

2) Iioeiecaoeey e eiiaeiaoeey yoeo yeaiaioia,

3) I?iaaaeaiea ia?eaoeiaiauo ia?ii?eyoee ai a?aiaiiie
iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe.

I?eioeeiu ioeaiee:

Ni/aoaiea ?acee/iuo eino?oiaioia aeieaeii auoue oaeei, /oiau aeinoe/ue:

1) Eo iioeiaeueiiai aicaeaenoaey ia oei.-oic. aeayoaeueiinoue,

2) Iaiaeiaeaiea ae?oa ia ae?oaa,

3) Ia?eaoeiaiaiai yooaeoa.

91.Iniiaiua aeaeu iio?aaiinoae, eo aeeiaieea.

Aeaeu iio?aaiinoae:

– oeceieiae/aneea,

– eoeueoo?iua,

– aeooiaiua,

– nioeeaeueiua.

Aeeiaieea eo ninoieo a oii, /oi /aeiaae a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue no?aieony
oaeiaeaoai?eoue oeceieiae/aneea iio?aaiinoe, caoai eoeueoo?iua,
aeooiaiua e eeoue caoai nioeeaeueiua, iiae eioi?uie a aeaiiii neo/aa
iiieiaaony aeaeaiea caieiaoue ii?aaeaeaiiia iieiaeaiea a iauanoaa. Aua
iaeia oa?aeoa?iay aeaoaeue: ia?aoiae e oaeiaeaoai?aieth iio?aaiinoae
aieaa aunieiai o?iaiy iaaiciiaeai aac oioy au i?eioeeieaeueiiai
oaeiaeaoai?aiey iio?aaiinoae i?aaeuaeouaai, iecoaai o?iaiy aaeaeo
i?inoiai iaaicieeiiaaiey ia?auo. Noiaeii enoi?e/aneiai i?ioeanna
ea/anoaaiiua e eiee/anoaaiiua oa?aeoa?enoeee anao aeaeia iio?aaiinoae
?acaeaathony iinooiaoaeueii, o. a. iai?a?uaii oaaee/eaathony, /oi a
oneiaeyo ia?aie/aiiinoe ?ano?nia ii?iaeaeaao i?iaeaiu a ?ani?aaeaeaiee
?acee/iuo aeaa.

100. Eiio?ieue ca ?acoeueoaoaie ?aeeaiu.

Ii caeeth/aaony a auai?a niiniaia ioeaiee yooaeoeaiinoe ?aeeaiu,
onoaiiaeaiee yiie?e/aneei eee yenia?oiui iooai ii?iaoeaia yooaeoeaiinoe,
iaaethaeaiee ca auiieiyaiinoueth yoeo ii?iaoeaia e a neo/aa eo
iaauiieiaiey – eciaiaiee oi?iu ?aeeaiu, oaenoia, a?aiaie aa iiaea/e, a a
caaeneiinoe io neooaoeee – e anae ?aeeaiiie eaeaieiaee.

Iauai?eiyouie yaeythony neaaeothuea aeaa ia?aiao?a, ii eioi?ui iiaeao
auoue ioeaiaia yooaeoeaiinoue ?aeeaiu:

1) Ioiioaiea noiiu cao?ao ia ?aeeaio e i?e?inoo oiaa?iiai?ioa,

2) Ioiioaiea noiiu cao?ao ia ?aeeaio e iauaio /enoie i?eauee.

112. Oi?iu oeaiiia?aciaaiey ai aiaoiayeiiiie/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe
?inneeneeo oe?i.

Iaoiaeu:

1) “N?aaeiea ecaea?aeee iethn i?eaueue” – ia/eneaiea iaoeaiee ia
naaanoieiinoue;

2) “Iaania/aiea oeaeaaie i?eauee” – iacia/aiea oeaiu enoiaey ec
aeaeaaiie i?eauee;

3) “Iuouaaiay oeaiiinoue oiaa?a” – i?eciaiea a ea/-aa aeaaiiai oaeoi?a
aini?eyoey e ioeaiee oiaa?a iieoiaoaeai;

4) “Oeaiu ia aiaeiae/iua oiaa?u” – i?eaioaoeey ia eiieo?aioia.

Ia auai? iaoiaea aeeytho:

1) Eiie?aoiua oneiaey ?uiea (iiiiiieecaoeey, yeanoe/iinoue ni?ina, e?oa
iio?aaeoaeae),

2) Oa?aeoa? i?iaeoeoeee (iiaecia, acaeiicaiaiyaiinoue ae?oaeie oiaa?aie
e o.ae.),

3) Iieiaeaiea oe?iu a io?anee (o-ninoiyiea, nayce n ae?oaeie
i?iecaiaeeoaeyie).

Noaiaea?oiua (aeaenoaothuea aeeeoaeueiia a?aiy) – iaiythueany oeaiu.

Aaeeiua (iaeeiaeiaay oeaia aeey anao iieoiaoaeae) – aeaeea (?acoeueoao
ia?aaiai?ia noi?ii, /anoi caaenyuee io oiaiey oi?aiaaoueny).

Nenoaia neeaeie: (eiee/anoai, iieaoa iaee/iuie e o.ae.).

Iae?oaeua oeaiu – 4999.99, 89.99.

Aeeao 15.

16. O?aaiaaiey, i?aaeuyaeyaiua e no?aoaaee ia?eaoeiaa.

1. ?aaeeci.

2. Aeueoa?iaoeaiinoue auai?a aeaenoaee (oaaee/aiea oeai, cao?ao ia
?aeeaio, eiee/anoai i?iaeaaoeia, o.a. aeaenoaey a niaieoiiinoe ii
?acee/iui aeaeai aeayoaeueiinoe).

3. *aoeinoue, yniinoue, iiiyoiinoue.

4. Aeaeinoue (aiciiaeiinoue a neo/aa aicaeaenoaey eaeeo-eeai oaeoi?ia
auno?i ?aaae?iaaoue ia eciaiaiea neooaoeee).

5. A?aiaiiay ii?aaeaeaiiinoue (e?aoei, n?aaeia e aeieain?i/iua oeaee).

30. Iniaaiiinoe eiieo?aioiie ai?ueau a ?innee.

64.I?iaeaeaeaiea i?iaeoeoeee. Aai ninoaaeythuea.

I?iaeaeaeaiea i?iaeoeoeee – yoi ?acee/iua oi?iu niiauaiee, eniieuecoaiua
aeey eioi?ie?iaaiey e oaaaeaeaiey iioaioeeaeueiuo iieoiaoaeae. Ia
neaaeoo iooaoue aai n oiaa?iaeaeaeaieai, i?aaenoaaeythuei niaith
iiyoaiiia oece/aneia ia?aiauaiea oiaa?a io i?iecaiaeeoaey e
iio?aaeoaeth.

Oeaee i?iaeaeaeaiey:noeioee?iaaiea ni?ina, nicaeaiea e oeo/oaiea
eieaeaea oe?iu.

Aeaeu i?iaeaeaeaiey:

1. noeioee?iaaiea nauoa,

2. ia?niiaeueiua i?iaeaaee,

3. ?aeeaia.

1. Noeioee?iaaiea – yoi aeayoaeueiinoue ii i?eaea/aieth iieoiaoaeae e
iiaeaea?aeea eo aieiaiey e oiaa?o, oe?ia. Oi?iu noeioee?iaaiey: eoiiiiua
neeaeee, iiaea?ee iinoiyiiui iieoiaoaeyi, i?aaeinoaaeaiea i?aaa
iieueciaaiey aeeneiioiuie ea?oaie.

2. Ia?niiaeueiua i?iaeaaee. Eo i?aeiouanoaa:

– eiaeeaeaeoaeueiia aieiaiea e iieoiaoaeth,

– eiioeaio?e?iaaiea oe?iu ia oeaeaauo ?uieao,

– auoa yooaeoeaiinoue.

Eo iaaeinoaoee:

– ia?aie/aiea /enea iieoiaoaeae,

– iiaoo auoue i?eiaiaiu a iniiaiii a ioiioaiee aei?iainoiyueo oiaa?ia.

3. ?aeeaia – yoi aaaeouaa caaii ia?eaoeiaiauo eiiioieeaoeee, yaeythuaa
niaie oi?io iaee/iiai i?aaenoaaeaiey e i?iaeaeaeaiey eaeae, oiaa?ia eee
oneoa e iiea/eaaaiia oi/ii onoaiiaeaiiui caeac/eeii. Eee: yoi eiiieaen
ia?, eioi?ua i?yii eee einaaiii iiiiaatho aeinoe/ue oeaeae
i?iecaiaeeoaey.

Oeaee ?aeeaiu – oaaee/aiea iauaia ?aaeecaoeee oiaa?ia e oneoa. Iniiaiay
ooieoeey – i?aaeinoaaeaiea iieoiaoaeyi eioi?iaoeee i oiaa?ao e oneoaao
/a?ac ?acee/iua eioi?iaoeeiiiua n?aaenoaa. Iniiaiua n?aaenoaa:

– aioo?eoe?iaiiay ?aeeaia,

– ?aeeaia i?anoeaea i?aaei?eyoey,

– ?aeeaia aeey ?anoe?aiey nauoa.

98. Yooaeoeaiinoue ia?eaoeiaiauo ia?ii?eyoee. A? ioeaiea.

Aiaeec ?acoeueoaoia oicyenoaiaaiey ia ?uiea iieacuaaao, /oi o?oae
?aaioieeia, caiyouo ia?eaoeiaii, naaiaeiy a aunoae noaiaie yooaeoeaai.
Aac ia?eaoeiaa ieeaeie o?oae a oneiaeyo oi?ie?othuaeny ?uii/iie
yeiiiieee ia iiaeao noaoue ?aoeeiiaeueiui, aeaaea anee oaeie o?oae
aiieiuaao auni/aeooth eaaeeoeeaoeeth e iai?aaeai ia i?aaeinoaaeaiea
i/aiue ioaeiuo iauanoao oneoa naiiai aunieiai ea/anoaa e n aanueia
ieceeie ecaea?aeeaie i?i-aa. Iiaeiaiue o?oae iiaeao ieacaoueny, a
eiia/iii n/aoa, iai?iecaiaeeoaeueiui oieueei iioiio, /oi aai
?acoeueoao – ecaeaeea – ia iaoei naiaai iieoiaoaey, ia iiiaei a
?aaeueiia iio?aaeaiea, o.a. eiia/iue ?acoeueoao ia aeinoeaioo. Naycaoue
ecaioiaeoaey e iio?aaeoaey, iaania/eoue ec acaeiiaeaenoaea e oai naiui
naeaeaoue o?oae ia?aiai ii-ianoiyuaio i?iecaiaeeoaeueiui – iniiaiay
oeaeue ia?eaoeiaa.

Iieacaoaee yooaeoeaiinoe:

1) Eie-ai iieo/aiiuo caeacia / Iauai oiaa?iiai?ioa,

2) Noieiinoue iieo/aiiuo caeacia / *enei iieoiaoaeae,

3) Oiaa?iiai?io / *enei nio?oaeieeia ia?eaoeiaiaie neoaeau,

4) Noiia cao?ao ia ?aeeaio / Oiaa?iiai?io,

5) Noiia cao?ao ia ?aeeaio / *enoay i?eaueue.

Ioeaee i?e ia?eaoeiaiaie aeayoaeueiinoe:

1) Neeoeii iicaeii ia/eiaaony ieaie?iaaiea e i?iaaaeaiea ia?eaoeiaa,

2) Iai?ioanneiiaeueiue iiaeoiae. Eaii?e?oaony iiuo e oai?ey ia?eaoeiaa,

3) Iieiia ionoonoaea eioi?iaoeee i ?uiea,

4) Iaaeinoaoi/iia aieiaiea e aeieoiaioa?iiio nii?iaiaeaeaieth i?iaeoeoa,

5) Aioaaiieci iaaeaeo i?iaeaaoeii e iieoiaoaeai,

6) Iaaeinoaoie oeiaine?iaaiey ia?eaoeiaa,

7) Iai?aaeeueiay oeaiiaay iieeoeea,

8) Iaeay aioiaiinoue e ooiaeo n ?uiea.

115. I?ia?aiia aiaoiayeiiiie/aneiai ia?eaoeiaa oe?iu.

I?iaaaey enneaaeiaaiea ?uiea e ii?aaeaeea anni?oeiaio i?iaeoeoeee,
iai?aaeyaiie ia aiaoiee ?uiie, iaiaoiaeeii ?ac?aaioaoue no?aoaaeth
ia?eaoeiaa, e-y i?aaeiieaaaao ?ac?aaioeo ia? e ieaiia aeinoeaeaiey
oeaeae.

I?ia?aiia ia?eaoeiaa – ienueiaiiia io?aaeaiea no?aoaaee ia?eaoeiaa. A
iae neaaeoao ia?aoeoue aieiaiea ia oaeea aii?inu, eae ?an/ao enoiaeiie
oeaiu e aa aeeiaieee, OINNOEN, iiene aiciiaeiuo iooae nauoa.

I?eia?iue ia?a/aiue ioieoia, e-a iiaoo auoue aeeth/aiu a i?ia?aiio:

1. Oeiu ?aaeecaoeee i/i-ia?eaoeiaa:

1) Eaneaaeiue – iineaaeiaaoaeueiia caaiaaaiea no?aiiauo ?uieia,

2) Aeiaaeueiue;

2. Iaoiaeu auoiaea ia ?uiie:

1) Yenii?o,

2) Niaianoiay aeayoaeueiinoue,

3) I?yiia eiaanoe?iaaiea.

3. Eiaeeaeaeoaeueiue eee noaiaea?oiue eiiieaen ia?eaoeiaa aeey eaaeaeie
no?aiu:

1) Oiaa? (iiaue eee noa?ue oiaa?),

2) Noeioee?iaaiea,

3) Oeaia (ii?aaeaeaiea ni?ina, aiaeec oeai e oiaa?ia eiieo?aioia, auai?
iaoiaeia oeaiiia?aciaaiey),

4) Eaiaeu ?ani?aaeaeaiey.

4. No?oeoo?a neoaeau ia?eaoeiaa.

126. I?aaiecaoeey ?aaiou ia?eaoeiaiauo neoaea a ?inneeneeo oe?iao.

Aiciiaeii ianeieueei no?oeoo? i?aaiecaoeee ?aaiou ia?eaoeiaiauo neoaea.
Iaeaieueoaa ?ani?ino?aiaiea eiatho no?oeoo?u ooieoeeiiaeueiie, oiaa?iie,
?aaeiiaeueiie e naaiaioiie i?eaioaoeee. A ?inneeneeo oe?iao iiaoo
eniieueciaaoueny ethaua ec ia?a/eneaiiuo no?oeoo? a caaeneiinoe io
oa?aeoa?a i?iecaiaenoaa.

E?oiiua oe?iu – iiiiiieenou a iaoeiino?iaiee, oiieeaii-yia?aaoe/aneie,
oeie/aneie i?iiuoeaiiinoe, aeayoaeueiinoue eioi?uo ?ani?ino?aiyaony ia
anth ?inneth, i?aaeii/eoatho no?ieoue ia?eaoeiaiaoth neoaeao ii
?aaeiiaeueiiio i?eioeeio. Iaeeea oe?iu /aua anaai i?eaaaatho e
ooieoeeiiaeueiie eee oiaa?iie no?oeoo?a. Naaiaioiay no?oeoo?a /aua
eniieuecoaony a ?inneeneeo aaieao.

?aaioie ia?eaoeiaiaie neoaeau ?oeiaiaeeo ia?eaoeia-aee?aeoi?. Aio
iiae/eiythony ioaeaeu ia?eaoeiaiauo enneaaeiaaiee, oeai e oeaiiaie
iieeoeee, ieaie?iaaiey iiauo oiaa?ia, oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey e nauoa,
iineai?iaeaaeiiai ianeoaeeaaiey, ?aeeaiu.

(86. I?aaiecaoeey ?aaiou ia?eaoeiaiauo neoaea.)

Ia?eaoeia-aee?aeoi? aeieaeai iaania/eoue neio?iiioth, iaeiiiai?aaeaiioth
?aaioo anao yoeo ioaeaeia. Aeey yoiai iaiaoiaeeii iinoaaeoue /aoeea
oeaee ia?aae ?oeiaiaeeoaeyie ioaeaeia, a oaeaea ii?aaeaeeoue n iaeiie
noi?iiu eo ooieoeee, iaycaiiinoe e ioaaonoaaiiinoue, n ae?oaie noi?iiu –
i?aeinoaaeoue iaiaoiaeeiua aeey yoiai n?aaenoaa, i?aaa e aeanoue.

?oeiaiaeeoaee ioaeaeia aeieaeiu naeaeaoue oi aea naiia ii ioiioaieth e
naiei nio?oaeieeai.

A caaeneiinoe io iniaaiiinoae e oeaeae i?aaei?eyoey auae?aaony
iaiaoiaeeiay no?oeoo?a ia?eaoeiaiaie neoaeau (ni.85).

Aeeao 16.

14. Iaoaieci i?aeoe/aneie ?aaeecaoeee ia?eaoeiaiaie eiioeaioeee.

1. Iia?aoeaiia e aeinoiaa?iia auyaeaiea nouanoaothuaai e
iioaioeeaeueiiai ni?ina. Aeinoeaaaony, iai?eia?, iooai i?iaaaeaiey
eiiieaeniuo oanoia e oi.

2. Yoaeoeaiay iao/ii-oaoie/aneay aeayoaeueiinoue ii nicaeaieth iiauo
ia?acoeia oiaa?ia.

3. Eiiaeiaoeey ieaie?iaaiey, i?iecaiaenoaa e oeiaine?iaaiey i?iaeoeoeee.

4. Nicaeaiea e niaa?oainoaiaaiea ?aoeeiiaeueiie nenoaiu ?aaeecaoeee
i?iaeoeoeee.

5. Iineaaeiaaoaeueiia ?aaoee?iaaiea e ei??aeoe?iaaiea
i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe oe?iu.

54. Iniiaiua iai?aaeaiey ?uii/iuo enneaaeiaaiee.

Aeey oiai, /oiau eiaoue iauaeoeaioth, iaaeaaeioth eioi?iaoeeth i
eiieo?aioao oe?iu, oaeiaeaoai?youe iio?aaiinoe eeeaioia, iaiaoiaeeii
i?iaiaeeoue ia?eaoeiaiaua enneaaeiaaiey.

Ia?eaoeiaiaua enneaaeiaaiey – ?aaoey?iue nai? e aiaeec eioi?iaoeee i
i?iaeaiao, naycaiiuo n ia?eaoeiaii; yoi iauaeoeaiue nai?, ?aaeno?aoeey e
aiaeec anao oaeoia ii i?iaeaiai ioiinyueiny e i?iaeaaea e ia?aiauaieth
oiaa?ia e oneoa io oiaa?ii?iecaiaeeoaey (i?iaeooeaioa) e iio?aaeoaeth.

Iniaaiiinoe ?uii/iuo enneaaeiaaiee:

1) iinoiyinoai, nenoaiaoe/iinoue,

2) eiiieaeniinoue,

3) iiiaeanoaaiiinoue enoi/ieeia eioi?iaoeee,

4) oieaa?naeueiinoue.

?acoeueoao ?uii/iuo enneaaeiaaiee eniieuecoaony aeey i?eiyoey ?aoaiee n
oeaeueth oiaiueoaiey iaii?aaeaeaiiinoae e ?enea i?e i?eiyoee ?aoaiee.

Ia?eaoieiae, i?iaiaeyuea ?uii/iua enneaaeiaaiey, aeieaeiu auoue
aeinoaoi/ii oi?ioi ciaeiiu n eo niaoeeoeeie, /oiau iieo/eoue ioaeioth
eioi?iaoeeth. A i?ioeaiii neo/aa iie iiaoo aeiionoeoue nai? iaioaeiie
eioi?iaoeee eee ioaeiie, ii n i/aiue aunieeie ecaea?aeeaie.

Iniiaiua iai?aaeaiey ?uii/iuo enneaaeiaaiee:

– enneaaeiaaiey ?uiea;

– enneaaeiaaiey nauoa;

– enneaaeiaaiey iio?aaeoaeueneeo naienoa oiaa?a;

– ?aeeaiu e ae?oaeo oi?i i?iaeaeaeaiey oiaa?ia;

– yeiiiie/aneee aiaeec;

– iioeaaoeeiiiue aiaeec – aiaeec oaeoi?ia iioeaaoeee i?e i?eiyoee
iieoiaoaeai ?aoaiey.

Enneaaeoy ?uiie, iaiaoiaeeii eco/aoue aai oa?aeoa?enoeee, caia?youe
iioaoeeaeueiua aiciiaeiinoe ?uiea, i?iecaiaeeoue aiaeec ?ani?aaeaeaiey
aeieae ?uiea iaaeaeo oe?iaie. Noa?a enneaaeiaaiee nauoa aeeth/aao
ii?aaeaeaiea eaio e oa??eoi?ee nauoa, eco/aiea eaiaeia ?ani?aaeaeaiey,
eco/aiey no?aoaaee noeioee?iaaiey nauoa. I?e enneaaeiaaiee
iio?aaeoaeueneeo naienoa oiaa?ia iaiaoiaeeii eco/aoue ?aaeoeeth
iio?aaeoaeae ia iiaue oiaa? e aai iioaioeeae, eco/aoue oiaa?u
eiieo?aioia, eco/aoue i?iaeaiu nicaeaiey oiaeiaee, i?iaiaeeoue
oanoe?iaaiea oiaa?ia.

Eco/ay ?aeeaio, ioaeii enneaaeiaaoue iio?aaeoaeueneea iioeaaoeee,
yooaeoeaiinoue ?aeeaiiuo iauyaeaiee, eco/aoue n?aaenoaa ?aeeaiu e
?aeeaiiua oaenou. Yeiiiie/aneee aiaeec aeeth/aao a naay e?aoein?i/iia e
aeieain?i/iia i?iaiice?iaaiea, eco/aiea iieeoeee oeai, oiaa?iie
iiiaieeaoo?u, iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo ?uieia, eco/aiea oaiaeaioeee aeaeiaie
aeoeaiinoe.E?iia anaai i?i/aai, iaiaoiaeeii ciaoue caeiiiaeaoaeueiua
ia?aie/aiey a iaeanoe ?aeeaiu e noeioee?iaaiey, iauanoaaiiua oeaiiinoe,
i?iaeaiu nioeeaeueiie iieeoeee, aicaeaenoaey ia ie?oaeathuoth n?aaeo.

Iau?i cao?ao ia ia?eaoeiaiaua enneaaeiaaiey i/aiue aaeee e ninoaaeyao a
?acaeouo no?aiao nioie ouny/ aeiee. Oe?iu, ?aaioathuea ia
iio?aaeoaeueneii ?uiea, o?aoyo aieueoa, /ai i?iecaiaeeoaee.

?uii/iua enneaaeiaaiey iiaoo aanoe eeai ia?eaoeiaiaua oe?iu,
inouanoaeythuea eiinaeoeiaiaoth aeayoaeueiinoue (aieueoie iiuo
niaoeeaeenoia, iauaeoeaiinoue, eo/oaa eioi?iaoeeiiiia e oaoie/aneia
iaania/aiea), eeai ia?eaoeiaiaua neoaeau (iie iaeaaeatho ieceie
noieiinoueth oneoa, eiioeaeaoeeaeueiinoueth, aunieie
eioi?ie?iaaiiinoueth).

65. Yoaiu e oaoieea i?iaeaaee.

Ni. aii?inu i i?iaeaeaeaiee oiaa?ia, iiceoeeiie?iaaiee,
oiaa?iaeaeaeaiee.

Oeaee i?iaeaeaeaiey:noeioee?iaaiea ni?ina, nicaeaiea e oeo/oaiea
eieaeaea oe?iu.

Aeaeu i?iaeaeaeaiey:

1. noeioee?iaaiea nauoa,

2. ia?niiaeueiua i?iaeaaee,

3. ?aeeaia.

2. Ia?niiaeueiua i?iaeaaee. Eo i?aeiouanoaa:

– eiaeeaeaeoaeueiia aieiaiea e iieoiaoaeth,

– eiioeaio?e?iaaiea oe?iu ia oeaeaauo ?uieao,

– auoa yooaeoeaiinoue.

Eo iaaeinoaoee:

– ia?aie/aiea /enea iieoiaoaeae,

– iiaoo auoue i?eiaiaiu a iniiaiii a ioiioaiee aei?iainoiyueo oiaa?ia.

– aioo?eoe?iaiiay ?aeeaia,

– ?aeeaia i?anoeaea i?aaei?eyoey,

– ?aeeaia aeey ?anoe?aiey nauoa.

87. Iniiaiua oi?iu nai?a, o?aiaiey, ia?aaioee e ?ani?ino?aiaiey
eioi?iaoeeiiiuo iaoa?eaeia.

Nai?ii, o?aiaieai, ia?aaioeie e ?ani?ino?aiaieai ia?eaoeiaiaie
eioi?iaoeee ia i?aaei?eyoee caieiaaony ioaeae ia?eaoeiaiauo
enneaaeiaaiee.

Nai? ia?eaoeiaiaie eioi?iaoeee inouanoaeyaony /a?ac /oaiea eiea, aacao,
aeo?iaeia, niaoeeaeece?iaaiiuo ecaeaiee, aanaaeu n eeeaioaie,
iinoaaueeaie, aeeno?eauethoa?aie, i?i/eie eeoeaie ia ioiinyueieny e
ooaoiui nio?oaeieeai oe?iu, iaiai eioi?iaoeeae iaaeaeo oi?aaeythueie e
nio?oaeieeaie naiie oe?iu.

Oi?iu nai?a eioi?iaoeee ?acee/athony a caaeneiinoe io iaoiaea
enneaaeiaaiey (iaaethaeaiea, yenia?eiaio, ii?in), i?oaeee enneaaeiaaiey
(aieaoa, iaoaie/aneea ono?ienoaa), ieaia ninoaaeaiey auai?ee (aaeeieoea
auai?ee, iauai auai?ee, i?ioeaaeo?a auai?ee), niiniaa nayce n
aoaeeoi?eae (oaeaoii, ii/oa, ee/iue eiioaeo).

O?aiaiea eioi?iaoeee i?iecaiaeeony a niaoeeaeueiuo aeaeao (iaieao) ii
eaaeaeiio i?iaaaeaiiiio enneaaeiaaieth. A caaeneiinoe io naieo
aiciiaeiinoae oe?ia o?aieo eioi?iaoeeth a aoiaaeiie oi?ia eee ia
iaoeiiuo iineoaeyo eioi?iaoeee.

Ia?aaioea eioi?iaoeee aeeth/aao aa naiaeeo, a?oiie?iaeo, aiaeec e
iaiauaiea.

Iinea yoiai ioaeae ia?eaoeiiauo enneaaeiaaiee aeieaeai i?aaenoaaeoue
eioi?iaoeeth a iaaeyaeiii aeaea (oaaeeoeu, a?aoeee). ?oeiaiaeeoaeue
ioaeaea i?aaeinoaaeyao eioi?iaoeeiiiua iaoa?eaeu a ?anii?yaeaiea
ia?eaoeia-aee?aeoi?a, eioi?ue aeaeaao auaiaeu i iieaciinoe eioi?iaoeee e
?aoaao i?iaeaio aa ?ani?ino?aiaiey. Aioo?e oe?iu ?ani?ino?aiaiea
eioi?iaoeee i?ienoiaeeo a oi?ia i?eeacia, ?anii?yaeaiee, ?aeiiaiaeaoeee,
n iiiiuueth niaauaiee, ?acaiai?ia iaaeaeo nio?oaeieeaie e.o.ae. Aia
oe?iu eioi?iaoeey ?ani?ino?aiyaony a oi?ia ioaeeeaoeee a ia/aoiuo
ecaeaieyo, ?aeeaiu, io/aoiinoe.

102. Niaoeeoeea ?aeeaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe aaieia e ae?oaeo
oeiainiai-e?aaeeoiuo o/?aaeaeaiee.

Aaiee eniieuecotho ?aeeaio aeey oi?ie?iaaiey aeieaia?aiaiiiai ia?aca
aaiea, aeey auaeaeaiey eiie?aoiiai, niaoeeoe/aneiai aaieianeiai
i?iaeoeoa, aeey ?ani?ino?aiaiey eioi?iaoeee ia oneoaao eee ae?oaeo
aeaenoaeyo a eioa?anao iioaioeeaeueiie eeeaioo?u e o.ae.

I?e i?aaiecaoeee aaieii ?aeeaiiie eaiiaiee aeiioneaaony ecaanoiia
i?aoaaee/aiea iieiaeeoaeueiuo nai-a i?aaeinoaaeyaiuo oneoa, oiie/aiea i
iaeioi?uo iiiaioao aeey eeeaioia, iaeiaei ia ?ac?aoaaony i?yiie iaiai
eeeaioo?u. Eiiaaea ?aciiaeaeiinoueth ?aeeaiu aunooiaao oae iacuaaaiay
“aioe?aeeaia”. Auaatho iiiaiou, eiaaea ia?eaoeiaiaie i?ia?aiiie
iinoaaeaia oeaeue ( ni?in ia ii?. aeae oneoa. Oiaaea i?eiaiyaony
aioe?aeeaia, iiae/a?eeaathuay iaeioi?ua iaaaoeaiua iineaaenoaey
eniieueciaaiey oaeie oneoae.

Aeaaiia a aaieianeii ia?eaoeiaa – anaaaea auoue a eo?na, /oi o?aaoaony
eeeaioo. I?ioeann auyniaiey oiai, /oi oioyo iio?aaeoaee aaieianeeo
i?iaeoeoia, ai?acaei neiaeiaa, /ai iau/iue ii?in oeia “/oi Aai ioaeii?”.
Neaaeoao eiaoue a aeaeo, /oi iiiaea oneoae aaiea eaaeoony eaeaioe/iu. Ii
noieo n?aaieoue eo i?aeoeeo, eae ia iiaa?oiinoue anieuaao iaiaei
ei?aiiuo ?acee/ee iaaeaeo naieie oneoaaie niiniaaie eo ieacaiey. Aio
caeanue e ?aaeueii auyaeo aiciiaeiinoue noeioee?iaaiey nauoa aaieianeeo
i?iaeoeoia.

Iaeoe “ecthieieo” a ?aeeaia oneoa aaiea i/aiue o?oaeii. A oaeeo neo/ayo
iiaeii iieoe neaaeothueie iooyie:

1) Eciaieoue eee oniaa?oainoaiaaoue oneoao ia oieueei e auaiaea aaiea,
ii e e auaiaea eeeaioa. Yoio iooue auaaao naiui ia?niaeoeaiui,

2) Anee i?iaeoeo aaiea iaeuecy eciaieoue e ii oae e inoaiaony
eaeaioe/iui ae?oaiio, oi iiaeii aeiaanoe aei naaaeaiey eeeaioia /oi-oi
oaeia, i /ai ?aiueoa ieeiaaea ia aiai?eee, /oi i?eaeaao i?aie
i?eaeiaeueiinoe.

(102. Niaoeeoeea ?aeeaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe aaieia e ae?oaeo
oeiainiai-e?aaeeoiuo o/?aaeaeaiee.)

Aaieineay ?aeeaia – naaiaio, iaeaieaa iino?aaeaaoee ai a?aiy e?ecena
?aeeaiiiai ?uiea. Anee a 1994 aiaeo ?aeeaia oeiain. oneoa e aaieia
eeaee?iaaea, oi?ie?oy ieiei 30% anaai athaeaeaoa n?aaenoa ianniaie
eioi?iaoeee, oi a 1995 aiaeo aa iauai nouanoaaiii oiaiueoeeny. Oaia?ue
aaieianei-oeiainiaay ?aeeaia caieiaao eeoue 5-15% ?aeeaiiuo athaeaeaoia
NIE, i?iionoea aia?aae i?iaeiaieuenoaaiiua oiaa?u, eiiiuethoa?ioth
oaoieeo e iaaeaeaeeiinoue.

Ii, eae yoi auaaao, a ?acoeueoaoa e?ecena aaieianeea niaoeeaeenou ii
public relations noaee eneaoue iiaua aiciiaeiinoe i?iaeaeaaoue naie
eieaeae e oneoae ia ?uiie. E?iia oiai, oioy ianooaa oeiainiaie ?aeeaiu e
nieceeny, cia/aiea aa caiaoii aic?inei. E iae noaee i?eaeyaeuaaoueny ia
oieueei eae e enoi/ieeo eioi?iaoeee i aaiea, ii e eae e aiciiaeiiio
eiaeeeaoi?o aai aeaaiiieo/ey e iaaeaaeiinoe.

I /ai aiai?eo oi, /oi o aaiea e?oiiua ?aeeaiiua cao?aou? Aaaeue anee a
ia/aea 90-o aa iaeeea ?aeeaiu aini?eieiaeinue eae i?eciae iiue e
aiaaonoaa, oi iinea eaoano?ioe/aneiai iaoanoaey aieoaeiaiia?aciuo
?ani?ino?aieeny iiaue noa?aioei: eiaaea ?aeeaiu iiiai, yoi auaeyaeeo
iiaeic?eoaeueii. Ii neiaai yenia?oia, /ai auoa iaaeaaeiinoue aaiea, oai
aieaa eiiieaeniue oa?aeoa? iineo aai ?aeeaia, e niaa?oaiii i/aaeaeii,
/oi caaeneiinoue oeia “oe?ieay e noaaeeueiay ?aeeaia – iaaeaaeiue
aaie” – i?aaeei eeoue naiiai iauaai naienoaa, a ia?aaeei ?aaeecoaony e n
oi/iinoueth aei iaiai?io – neo/ae n “*A?A-AAIE” e Iineianeei ai?iaeneei
aaieii oiio i?eia?.

“Aeueoa-aaie” naaiaeiy ?aaioaao n oe?ieei e?oaii eeoe, ioe?uaaao
aieueooth naoue oeeeaeia. Yoio aaie caieiaaony ?aeeaiie aeaoo aeaeia:
yoi iai?yiay ?aeeaia, eieaeaeaaay, o.a. o/anoea a e?oiiuo ia?ii?eyoeyo,
eioa?aniuo aeoeeyo, e i?yiay, aee?aeoeaiay, ?an/eoaiiay ia iaueiiaaiiuo
a?aaeaeai, eioi?ua oiaeyo ii oeeoea e oae eee eia/a nii?eeanathony n
aaieaie eae n o?aieeeuaie aeaiaa, o/?aaeaeaieyie, iicaieythueie
ia?aaanoe ca?ieaoo eee inouanoaeoue eiiioiaeueiua ieaoaaee.

105. I?eioeeiu eco/aiey e auai?a aiaoieo ?uieia aeey ?inneeneeo oe?i.

Ie?iaie ?uiie aeeth/aao aieaa 180 no?aiiauo ?uieia. Eaaeaeiio ec ieo
i?enoue eae iauea /a?ou, oae e ii?. iniaaiiinoe, o/ao e-o iaiaoiaeei i?e
i?aaiecaoeee ia?eaoeiaa ia aeaiiii ?uiea.

1) Yeii. ?acaeoea, o?iaaiue e-ai ?acei ioee/aaony ii no?aiai, ia/eiay n
oaeeo, aaea yeiiiieea iie?aaony ia i?eieoeaiia n/oic-ai eee ia yenii?o
nu?ueaauo oiaa?ia (Aaiaeaaeao, *eee), e caeai/eaay i?ii. ?acaeouie
no?aiaie Naaa?iie Aia?eee, Caiaaeiie Aa?iiu e ssiiieae;

2) IOI, i?e/ai ia i?inoi ioaeaeueiua aeinoeaeaiey iaoee e oaoieee a
no?aia, a iauee o?iaaiue ?acaeoey oaoiieiaee a ?acee/iuo io?aneyo
oicyenoaa, aeeth/ay e eaaeeoeeaoeeth ?aai/ae neeu;

3) Eoeueoo?iay n?aaea, o.a. nouanoaothuea a eaaeaeie no?aia naie iau/ae,
i?aaeea e cai?aou, ii?aaeaeythuea, eae ca?oaaaeiue iio?aaeoaeue
aini?eieiaao oio eee eiie oiaa? e eae ii iieuecoaony ei;

4) Iieeoeei-i?aaiaua oneiaey, aeeth/athuea a naay ioiioaiea
i?aaeoaeuenoaa e caeoieai ec-ca ?oaaaea, ia?u ii caueoa aioo?aiiaai
?uiea yoeo no?ai, noaaeeueiinoue iieeo. neooaoeee e i?iaiicu aa
?acaeoey, i?aaiaua aa?aioee caueou ei-eiaanoeoeee.

Iai?aaeaiey aiaeeca

1. Ii?aaeaeaiea aieinoe ?uiea.

Iaiaoiaeeii aeey i?iaiice?iaaiey aeiee ?uiea ii aeaiiiio ecaeaeeth, e-th
iiaeao iieo/eoue i?aaei?eyoea, a oaeaea aeey auai?a ?aaeiia, aaea
?aaeecaoeey i?eianao max auaiaeo. A ia?aoth i/a?aaeue ii?aaeaeyaony
eie-ai ?aaeecoaiiai ia aeaiiii ?uiea oiaa?a a oa/aiea ii?. ia?eiaea
a?aiaie, iai?eia? aiaea.

Yoio iauai aeey eaeie-eeai no?aiu ii?aaeaeyaony ii neaaeothuae oi?ioea:

C = P – R – E + I + D – M – E’ + I’,

aaea N – aieinoue ?uiea (iieiia iio?aaeaiea aeaiiiai oiaa?a ia ?uiea
aeaiiie no?aiu); ? – iaoeeiiaeueiia i?i-ai aeaiiiai oiaa?a a no?aia; R –
inoaoie oiaa?iuo caiania ia neeaaeao i?aaei?eyoee-ecaioiaeoaeae; A –
yenii?o; I – eiii?o; E’ – einaaiiue yenii?o; I’ – einaaiiue eiii?o.

Yoio iiaeoiae yaeyaony oai?aoe/aneei e ?ann/eoai ia iaee/ea aeinoiaa?iie
noao. eioi?iaoeee. Iiieii yoiai, ioaeii aua ninoaaeoue i?iaiic
aiciiaeiiai eciaiaiey iio?aaeaiey ia e?aoeee e aeieain?i/iue ia?eiaeu.

2. Eco/aiea iiaaaeaiey iio?aaeoaeae.

A ?aieao yoiai aiaeeca ii?aaeaeythony iio?aaeoaeueneea i?aaeii/oaiey,
o.a. aeonu e i?eau/ee ethaeae, eo ?aaeoeey ia oa eee eiua aeaeu oiaa?ia
e oneoa, a oaeaea iioeau, o.a. i?e/eiu oaeiai iiaaaeaiey, /oi iicaieyao
oaea i?iaiice?iaaoue aeaenoaey iio?aaeoaeae a aoaeouai. Yoi iai?aaeaiea
aeeth/aao a naay ii?aaeaeaiea e eco/aiea aicaeaenoaey nioe.-yeii.,
aeaiia?aoe/aneeo e ineoieiae/aneeo oaeoi?ia, onoaiiaeaiea oa?aeoa?a e
aeeeoaeueiinoe aicaeaenoaey eaaeaeiai oaeoi?a.

3. Eco/aiea aiciiaeiiai aeeyiey iaeiio?iee?oaiuo (ia iaeeaeaaiuo)
oaeoi?ia, /oi naycaii a aa?iyoiinoueth aicieeiiaaiey iai?aaeneacoaiuo
ianoiyoaeuenoa.

4. Aiaeec oneiaee eiieo?aioeee. Auoiae ia aiaoiee ?uiie anaaaea
nii?yaeai n ino?ie eiieo?aioiie ai?ueaie, iiyoiio anoaao iaiaoiaeeiinoue
onoaiiaeaiey aeaaiuo eiieo?aioia ia ?uiea, auyaeaiey eo neeueiuo e
neaauo noi?ii. Aeey yoiai o?aaoaony aiaeece?iaaoue ia oieueei
i?iaeoeoeeth eiieo?aioia e niioiioaiea oeai, ii e iieo/aoue i i ae?oaeo
aniaeoao eo aeayoaeueiinoe: o-iieiaeaiee, oeaeyo, iniaaiiinoyo i?i-aa e
oi?aaeaiey, ?aeeaiiie no?aoaaee, aeaeao aeii. oneoa e i?eaeeaaee, ieaiao
ia aoaeouaa. Yenii?oa? iiaeao noieeiooueny n iniauie oneiaeyie
eiieo?aioeee a ?acee/iuo no?aiao, o.e. /anoi ianoiua oe?iu iiaoo eiaoue
i?aeiouanoaa aeaaiaea?y iiaeaea?aeea i?aa-aa e aeaaea iieoiaoaeae.

A oneiaeyo aeanoeiai eiieo?aioiiai niia?ie/anoaa aaaeii iaeoe “ieoo” –
oceee naeoi? ?uiea, e-e iiaeii caiyoue oiaa?aie, iaeaaeathueie
iiiiiieeae ea/-aa, i?eaeiaeueiuie iiaaoeeyie e aunieiyooaeoeaiuie a
yenieoaoaoeee (iio?aaeaiee) naienoaaie.

5. Aiaeec ?uii/iie naaiaioaoeee. A nia?aiaiiuo oneiaeyo ie?iaiai ?uiea
iio?aaeoaeue i?aaeuyaeyao oe?ieee aeeaiacii iio?aaiinoae e aeonia.
Iiyoiio iieoiaoaeae iiaeii oneiaii na?oiie?iaaoue ii ?yaeo i?eciaeia a
ii?. naaiaiou ?uiea.

I?eioeei ?uii/iie naaiaioaoeee iniiaai ia iieiaeaiee i oii, /oi iaeia
oe?ia a oneiaeyo eiieo?aioeee ia a ninoiyiee oaeiaeaoai?eoue ana
iio?aaiinoe ?uiea (ana noa?u i?eiaiaiey i?iaeoeoa), a cia/eo, iia
aeieaeia aua?aoue oa naaiaiou ?uiea, aaea iia niiaeao max oniaoii
inouanoaeyoue naith aeayoaeueiinoue.

Aeey oiaa?ia ia?iaeiiai iio?aaeaiey naaiaioaoeey /aua anaai o/eouaaao
aeaiia?aoe/aneea (aic?ano, iie, o?iaaiue aeioiaeia, ia?aciaaiea) e
aaia?aoe/aneea (?aeii no?aiu, naeueneea eee ai?iaeneea aeeoaee) oaeoi?u.
Aeey i?iaeoeoeee i?ii. iacia/aiey eniieuecothony ae?oaea oaeoi?u,
iai?eia? oa?aeoa? i?i-aa (e?oiiua, n?aaeiea eee iaeeea i?aaei?eyoey,
e?oiiua aeeea?u eee iaeeea ?icie/iua oe?iu).

6. I?ioeeueiue aiaeec ?uiea. Ii neoaeeo aeey nicaeaiey oeaeinoiiai e
nenoaiiiai i?aaenoaaeaiey i max neiaeiuo i?ioeannao eiiuthieoo?u ?uiea.
Oaeie aiaeec i?iaiaeeony i?e auoiaea ia ?uiie ni neiaeiie, iaoeiaieie
i?iaeoeoeeae eee oaoiieiaeae.

Eiiieaeniia eco/aiea aiaoieo ?uieia iiaeao i?iaiaeeoueny neeaie
niioaaonoaothueo ooieoeeiiaeueiuo iiae?acaeaeaiee i?aaei?eyoey. A yoii
neo/aa aeieaeia auoue oaa?aiiinoue a aeinoaoi/ii aunieie eaaeeoeeaoeee
niaoeeaeenoia, a ?aaeueiinoe aeinooia e iaiaoiaeeiie i. A neiaeiuo
neo/ayo oeaeaniia?acii ii?o/eoue enneaaeiaaiea ?uiea
iao/ii-enneaaeiaaoaeueneiio eiiuthieoo?iiio einoeoooo eee
niaoeeaeece?iaaiiie eiinoeueoaoeeiiiie oe?ia.

Aeeao 17.

23. Iniaaiiinoe ?ac?aaioee e inouanoaeaiey ia?eaoeiaiaie no?aoaaee a
oeiainiauo i?aaiecaoeeyo.

65. Yoaiu e oaoieea i?iaeaaee.

Ni.aii?inu i i?iaeaeaeaiee oiaa?ia, iiceoeeiie?iaaiee, oiaa?iaeaeaeaiee.

Oeaee i?iaeaeaeaiey:noeioee?iaaiea ni?ina, nicaeaiea e oeo/oaiea
eieaeaea oe?iu.

Aeaeu i?iaeaeaeaiey:

1. noeioee?iaaiea nauoa,

2. ia?niiaeueiua i?iaeaaee,

3. ?aeeaia.

2. Ia?niiaeueiua i?iaeaaee. Eo i?aeiouanoaa:

– eiaeeaeaeoaeueiia aieiaiea e iieoiaoaeth,

– eiioeaio?e?iaaiea oe?iu ia oeaeaauo ?uieao,

– auoa yooaeoeaiinoue.

Eo iaaeinoaoee:

– ia?aie/aiea /enea iieoiaoaeae,

– iiaoo auoue i?eiaiaiu a iniiaiii a ioiioaiee aei?iainoiyueo oiaa?ia.

– aioo?eoe?iaiiay ?aeeaia,

– ?aeeaia i?anoeaea i?aaei?eyoey,

– ?aeeaia aeey ?anoe?aiey nauoa.

85. No?oeoo?a ia?eaoeiaiauo neoaea ia ?inneeneeo i?aaei?eyoeyo.

Ooieoeeiiaeueiay no?oeoo?a

Oiaa?iay no?oeoo?a

116. Eiio?ieue ca eniieueciaaieai i?ia?aiiu aiaoiayeiiiie/aneiai
ia?eaoeiaa oe?iu.

I?ia?aiia aiaoia yeiiiie/aneiai ia?eaoeiaa – yoi /anoue ia?eaoeiaiaie
i?ia?aiiu, eioi?ay ?aaeecoaony ca i?aaeaeaie no?aiu.

Ii yoie i?e/eia oe?ia eniuouaaao o?oaeiinoe eae i?e ?ac?aaioea i?ia?aiiu
e aa ?aaeecaoeee, oae e i?e eiio?iea ca ?aaeecaoeeae.

Oaeouee eiio?ieue inouanoaeytho ?oeiaiaeeoaee ia?eaoeiaiaie neoaeau
ca?oaaaeiiai i?aaenoaaeoaeuenoaa e aai no?oeoo?iuo iiae?acaeaeaiee. E
iaio ioiinyony:

– eiio?ieue ea/anoaa e o?iaiy ecaea?aeae;

– eiio?ieue ca aiaae?aieai aieaa yooaeoeaiuo iaoiaeia i?iecaiaenoaa;

– eiio?ieue ca niaethaeaieai ianoiuo caeiiia, iau/aaa; e o.ae.

Iineaaeothuei eiio?ieai caieiaaony ia?eaoeiaiaay neoaeaa ia aieiaiii
i?aaei?eyoee aioo?e no?aiu e aa ?oeiaiaeeoaee. Ii inouanoaeyaony iinea
iieo/aiey io/aoiinoe io ca?oaaaeiiai i?aaenoaaeoaeuenoaa e ninoieo a
aiaeeca auiieiaiey ieaia ii oaeei iieacaoaeyi eae iauee iauai i?iaeaae,
o?iaaiue i?eauee e ?aioaaaeueiinoe. Aeaeaaony auaiae i oii aeinoeaioou
ee oeaee i?aaei?eyoey e auiieiaia ee i?ia?aiia aiaoiayeiiiie/aneiai
ia?eaoeiaa.

120. Yoaiu yaiethoeee ?inneeneiai ?uiea.

Niaaoneee yoai (aei eiioea 1980-o). Oa?aeoa?eciaaeny ino?ui aeaoeoeeoii
aieueoie a?oiiu oiaa?ia ia ?uiea, ionoonoaeai i?iaeai ni nauoii,
ionoonoaeai ia?eaoeiaa.

Yoai naiaiaeiuo oeai (91-92). Ia/aei ?aoi?i, iai?aaeaiiuo ia ia?aoiae e
oi?aaeaieth ia?iaeiui oicyenoaii ?uii/iuie iaoiaeaie.

Yoai ianuuaiey eiii?oiuie oiaa?aie (92-94). Eiii?oiua oiaa?u ia oieueei
ainiieiyee aeaoeoeeo, ii e auoaniyee ?inneeneea oiaa?u, eioi?ua ec-ca
iaaunieiai ( ieceiai ) ea/anoaa ia auaea?aeeaaee eiieo?aioeee.

Yoai eiieo?aioeee (95-). Ia yoii yoaia noaee iiyaeyoueny ea/anoaaiiua
ioa/anoaaiiua oiaa?u, eioi?ua eiieo?e?otho ia ?uiea ia?aaia n
ca?oaaaeiuie.

A oeaeii iiaeii ioiaoeoue, /oi ?inneeneee ?uiie ca iineaaeiea aiaeu noae
cia/eoaeueii aieaa ?acaeoui. E iiceoeaiui iiiaioai ioiineony ?anoe?aiea
eio?ano?oeoo?u ?uiea (?acaeoea naoe iaaaceiia, eieoiciuo e iioiauo
?uieia), iiauoaiea ea/anoaa ianeoaeeaaiey eeeaioia, iononoaea
aeieaia?aiaiiiai aeaoeoeeoa ii eaeei-eeai oiaa?ai, oeo/oaiea
eioi?iaoeeiiiiai iaania/aiey. ?acaeoea caeiiiaeaoaeueiie aacu.

128. ?ieue aiaeeca ni?ina e i?aaeeiaeaiey a ia?eaoeiaa.

Iiiyoea “ia?eaoeia” ia?ac?uaii naycaii n iiiyoeai “?uiie”, a ?uiie, a
naith i/a?aaeue, ia iiaeao nouanoaiaaoue aac ni?ina e i?aaeeiaeaiey.
Ia?eaoeia iiaeii ii?aaeaeeoue eae /aeiaa/aneoth aeayoaeueiinoue, eioi?ay
oae eee eia/a eiaao ioiioaiea e ?uieo. Oiio, eoi oi/ao i?aaeeaaaoue naie
oiaa? ia ?uiea, iaiaoiaeeii eneaoue iieoiaoaeae (o.a. ii?aaeaeyoue ni?in
ia i?iaeoeoeeth), auyaeyoue eo ioaeaeu, i?iaeoe?iaaoue niioaaonoaothuea
oiaa?u, i?iaeaeaaoue eo ia ?uiie. Oaeei ia?acii, aiaeec ni?ina e
i?aaeeiaeaiey ninoaaeyao iniiao aeayoaeueiinoe ia?eaoeiaa.

Caaea/a oi?aaeaiey ia?eaoeiaii caeeth/aaony a aicaeaenoaee ia o?iaaiue,
a?aiy e oa?aeoa? ni?ina oaeei ia?acii, /oiau yoi iiiiaaei i?aaiecaoeee a
aeinoeaeaiee noiyueo ia?aae iae oeaeae. Iii?inoo aiai?y, oi?aaeaiea
ia?eaoeiaii – yoi oi?aaeaiea ni?inii.

I?aaiecaoeey au?aaaouaaao i?aaenoaaeaiey i aeaeaoaeueiii o?iaia ni?ina
ia naie oiaa?u. A ethaie ioaeaeueii acyoue iiiaio a?aiaie o?iaaiue
?aaeueiiai ni?ina iiaeao auoue ieaea aeaeaaiiai, niioaaonoaiaaoue aio
eee i?aauoaoue aai. Ni anaie yoeie ninoiyieyie e i?eoiaeeony eiaoue
aeaei oi?aaeaieth ia?eaoeiaii.

Aeeao 18.

37. Iniaaiiinoe eiiuthieoo?u ?uiea a ?innee. (oai?aoe/aneay /anoue – ni.
aii?in ?38)

1. Iieeoe/aneay ianoaaeeueiinoue, ionthaea – aunieee ?ene;

2. Aunieay noaiaiue iiiiiieecaoeee yeiiiieee (ianeaaenoai
aaeieieno?aoeaii-eiiaiaeiie yeiiiieee), /oi a oneiaeyo “eiaanoeoeeiiiiai
aieiaea” yaeyaony ia?aii?e/eiie “iaiiai?ioeeainoe” ioa/anoaaiiiai
i?iecaiaenoaa, aai ianiiniaiinoe auno?i e aaeaeaaoii ?aaae?iaaoue ia
eciaiaiea ?uii/iie eiiuthieoo?u;

3. Aunieay noaiaiue eiieo?aioeee ni noi?iiu eiino?aiiuo eiieo?aioia;

4. Neiaeiay yeiiiie/aneay neooaoeey a no?aia eae ia o?iaia ainoaea?noaa
a oeaeii (ia?iiiue aioo?aiiee e aiaoiee aeiea), oae e ia o?iaia
ioaeaeueiuo a?aaeaeai ( ieceee ieaoaaeaniiniaiue ni?in ianaeaiey);

5. Ianiaa?oainoai caeiiiaeaoaeueiie aacu, oi?aaeai/aneie nenoaiu;

6. Iieeoeea I?aaeoaeuenoaa, iai?aaeaiiay ia noaaeeecaoeeth aeaiaaeiiai
ia?auaiey (naeaoea aeai. iannu, iaocaeaiea eioeyoeee), /oi, iaeiaei, ia
niinianoaoao, a iai?ioea, i?aiyonoaoao i?aaeioa?auaieth niaaea
i?iecaiaenoaa, aai ?acaeoeth;

7. Ianiio?y ia ieceee ieaoaaeaniiniaiue ni?in ianaeaiey, aai
iioaioeeaeueiue ni?in ia?iiai, a a ?acaeaathuaeny yeiiiieea ia?aoiaeiiai
ia?eiaea a oneiaeyo noaiiaeaiey e oi?ie?iaaiey ?uii/iie eiiuthieoo?u yoi
yaeyaony i?ae?aniui noeioeii i?eoiea ca?oaaaeiuo eiaanoeoeee (i?e
oneiaee noaaeeueiie iieeoe/aneie neooaoeee, /aai iai iiea ia oaaoaao, a
ioee/ea io oiai aea Eeoay, eiino?aiiua eiaanoeoeee a yeiiiieeo eioi?iai
i?aauneee a 1995a. $80 ie?ae. ii n?aaiaieth n $1.5 ie?ae. a yeiiiieeo
?innee);

8. Ia?iiiue iao/iue iioaioeeae, aeaoaaua o?oaeiaua ?ano?nu;

9. “Aunieee ?ene – aunieay i?eaueue”; e o. ae.

59. Iioiaay e ?icie/iay oi?aiaey ia nia?aiaiiii yoaia ?acaeoey ?uiea a
?innee.

A ?innee a aeaeoaothueo a ianoiyuaa a?aiy ii?iaoeaiuo aeieoiaioao iao
eiie?aoiiai ii?aaeaeaiey iiiyoey “iioiaay oi?aiaey”. Ii iauai?eiyoui
i?aaeeai e noa?a iioiaie oi?iaee ioiineony ?aaeecaoeey oiaa?ia a oii
neo/aa, anee yoe oiaa?u ia i?aaeiacia/aiu iieoiaoaeai aeey eiia/iiai
iio?aaeaiey, o.a. eioi?ua i?eia?aoathony aeey iineaaeothuae
ia?ai?iaeaaee eeai eniieueciaaiey a i?ioeanna i?iecaiaenoaa eaeie-eeai
i?iaeoeoeee a ea/anoaa nu?uey, iaoa?eaeia e o.ae. I?e yoii ie iaeiei
ii?iaoeaiui aeieoiaioii ia ?aaeaiaioe?iaai iaycaoaeueiue ?acia?
ieieiaeueiie ia?oee iinoaaee, ia onoaiiaeai oaeaea e ii?yaeie ?an/aoia.

Ii iauaio iioiaua naeaeee iau/ii e?oiiaa ?icie/iuo, a oi?aiaay ciia
iioiaeea iau/ii aieueoa, /ai o ?icie/iiai oi?aiaoea. Iioiaay oi?aiaey
niinianoaoao i?aaiecaoeee ?aaeecaoeee, nauoa i?iaeoeoeee n ieieiaeueiui
eiioaeoii n iio?aaeoaeai, ieacuaatho ia?eaioeaiaoth iiaeaea?aeeo
i?iecaiaeeoaeyi. Iioiaeee caeoiatho i?iaeoeoeeth e?oiiuie ia?oeyie, /oi
iicaieyao nieaeaoue ioiineoaeueiua ecaea?aeee i?iecaiaenoaa e ia?auaiey,
iaania/eaatho iaoa?eaeueioth aaco aeey o?aiaiey oiaa?a, iaeaaeeaatho
o?ainii?oioth naoue. E?iia anaai i?i/aai, iioiaee aa?ao eiiia?/aneee
?ene ca nio?aiiinoue oiaa?ia.

(( Iioiaay oi?aiaey a ?innee ?? ((

*aoeia ii?aaeaeaiea iiiyoey “?icie/iay oi?iaey” eiaaony oieueei a /anoe
aoi?ie AE ?O , aaea oeacaii, /oi ii aeiaiai?o ?icie/iie eoiee-i?iaeaaee
i?iaeaaaoe, inouanoaeythuee i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneoth aeayoaeueiinoue a
noa?a ?icie/iie oi?aiaee, ia?aaeaao iieoiaoaeth oiaa?, i?aaeiacia/aiiue
aeey ee/iiai, naiaeiiai, aeiiaoiaai eee eiiai eniieueciaaiey, ia
naycaiiiai n i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneie aeayoaeueiinoueth.

?icie/iay oi?aiaey niinianoaoao ia?eaoeiaiaie aeayoaeueiinoe,
iai?aaeaiiie ia iiene niioaaonoaothueo a?oii iieoiaoaeae, eco/aieth
aeeiaieee oeai, iaeaaeeaaieth i?i/iuo naycae iaaeaeo iioiaeeaie, a
oaeaea n iieoiaoaeyie. ?icie/iua oi?aiaoeu ?aaeecotho oiaa?u eiia/iui
iio?aaeoaeyi.

(( ?icie/iay oi?aiaey a ?innee??((

83. ?ieue ia?eaoeiaiauo neoaea ia ?inneeneeo oe?iao.

97. I?ioeann nicaeaiey ?aeeaiiiai i?iaeoeoa.

1. Iinoaiiaea caaea/ (oeaee eiiioieeaoeee e nauoa);

2. ?aoaiea i ?ac?aaioea athaeaeaoa;

Iaoiaeu en/eneaiey:

1) Io iaee/iuo n?aaenoa,

2) A % e noiia i?iaeaae,

3) Enoiaey ec oeaeae e caaea/,

3. ?aoaiea i n?aaenoaao ?ani?ino?aiaiey eioi?iaoeee:

1) Ioaao, /anoinoue, aicaeaenoaea,

2) Iniiaiua aeaeu n?aaenoa ?ani?ino?aiaiey eioi?iaoeee,

3) Eiie?aoiua iineoaee ?aeeaiu,

4) A?aoee eniieueciaaiey n?aaenoa ?aeeaiu;

4. ?aoaiea i ?aeeaiiii ia?auaiee (“3”+”4”):

1) Oi?ie?iaaiea eaeae ia?auaiey,

2) Eniieiaiea ia?auaiea,

3) Ioeaiea e auai? aa?eaioia ia?auaiey;

5. ?aeeaiiue i?iaeoeo;

6. Ioeaiea ?aeeaiiie i?ia?aiiu (eiiioieeaoeaiay yooaeoeaiinoue, oi?aiaay
yooaeoeaiinoue).

“1”

Caaea/e iiaoo auoaeaoue ec ?aiaa i?eiyouo ?aoaiee i auai?a oeaeaaiai
?uiea, ia?eaoeiaiaii iiceoee?iaaiee e eiiieaena ia?eaoeiaa.

“2”

?ac?aaioea athaeaeaoa ia eaaeaeue ioaeaeueiue oiaa?. ?ieue ?aeeaiu
ninoieo a oii, /oiau ( ni?in ia iaai. E oe?ia oi/ao eno?aoeoue noieueei
aeaiaa, neieueei iaiaoiaeeii aeey aeinoeaeaiey max iieacaoaeae nauoa.

“3”+”4”

?ac?aaioea iauaai oai?/aneiai iiaeoiaea e ?aeeaia, aa oai?/aneie
no?aoaaee.

1) Oi?ie?iaaiea eaeae. Aanaaeu n iio?aaeoaeyie, iin?aaeieeaie,
yenia?oaie, eiieo?aioaie.

2) Ioeaiea e auai? aa?eaioia. Ia?auaiea aeieaeii niiaueoue aai
iieo/aoaeth ia/oi aeaeaoaeueiia eee eioa?aniia i oiaa?a, /oi-oi
eneeth/eoaeueiia eee iniaaiiia, ia i?enouaa inoaeueiui ia?eai a aeaiiie
oiaa?iie eaoaai?ee.

3) Eniieiaiea. Ioaeii iiaeaoue naia ia?auaiea oae, /oiau iii i?eaeaeei
aieiaiea e eioa?anu oeaeaaie aoaeeoi?ee.

111. Ie?iaua oeaiu.

Ie?iaua oeaiu iiaeii eeanneoeoee?iaaoue ii oneiaeyi iinoaaee:
nouanoaotho 4 a?oiiu oneiaee iinoaaee: A, F, N, D a caaeneiinoe io
iaycaoaeuenoa, i?eieiaaiuo ia naay iinoaaueeii.

A (o?aiei-caaiae) iiae?acoiaaaao naiiauaic oiaa?a n
i?aaei?eyoey-iinoaaueea…

I?e auoiaea ?inneeneiai i?aaei?eyoey ia ie?iaie ?uiie ia neaaeoao
ceioiio?aaeyoue oneiaeyie iinoaaee A. Ec-ca aieueoie eiieo?aioeee aio
eo/oa onoaiaaeeaaoue oeaiu N e F.

117. Yeiiiie/aneay yooaeoeaiinoue ia?eaoeiaa.

Aeey aiaeeca yeiiiie/aneie yooaeoeaiinoe ia?eaoeiaa iiaeii i?aaeeiaeeoue
neaaeothuea iieacaoaee:

1. cao?aou ia ia?eaoeia / /enoay i?eaueue;

2. eiee/anoai (noieiinoue iieo/aiiuo caeacia) / /enei eeeaioia;

3. aioiaua oiaa?u ia neeaaea / iai?io;

4. iieo/aiiua caeacu / iai?io;

5. iai?io / /enei nio?oaeieeia;

6. iai?io / /enei eeeaioia;

7. noiia ?aeeaiiuo cao?ao / iai?io;

8. noiia ?aeeaiiuo cao?ao / /enoay i?eaueue.

Aeeao 19.

38. Caeiiiia?iinoe ?acaeoey ?uii/iie eiiuthieoo?u. (?E)

?E – yoi neeaaeuaathuaany a eaeie-oi ia?eiae a?aiaie ninoiyiea
ioaeaeueiuo oiaa?iuo ?uieia, iaoneiaeaiiia acaeiiaeaenoaeai ?acee/iuo
oaeoi?ia (yeiiiie/aneeo, nioeeaeueii-iieeoe/aneeo, i?e?iaeiuo) e
i?iyaeythuaany a nouanoaothuai e i?iaiice?oaiii niioiioaiee ni?ina e
i?aaeeiaeaiey, o?iaia ?uii/iuo oeai, oneiaeyo eiieo?aioeee.

Eco/aiea ?E i?aaeiieaaaao:

a) iauaeoeaioth e iia?aoeaioth ioeaieo aeaiaaeiuo aeioiaeia e ?anoiaeia
ianaeaiey i?e aeaiiii o?iaia oeai;

a) iauai, no?oeoo?o e aeeiaieeo i?iecaiaenoaa aeaiiiai oiaa?a e aai
caiaieoaeae;

a) ioeaieo aeayoaeueiinoe anao o/anoieeia ?uiea, aeaeaeaiey oeai,
oa?aeoa?a iao/ii-enneaaeiaaoaeueneie, ?aeeaiiie e ae?. aeayoaeueiinoe.

Iinoiyiiia eco/aiea E? aeaiiiai oiaa?a iaiaoiaeeii aeey oniaoiie
oi?aiaie aeayoaeueiinoe, a eco/aiea E? a oeaeii- caeia i?ioeaaoaiey
oe?iu a aoaeouai. ?E – nenoaia i/aiue aeeiaie/iay: iinoiyiii iaiyaony
iiiaeanoai aa oaeoi?ia (io i?aaeii/oaiee iio?aaeoaeae aei iieeoe/aneeo
oaeoi?ia). A eaaeaeue iiiaio E? aeaiiiai oiaa?a iiaeao ii?aaeaeyoueny
eae noaaeeueiay eee iaonoie/eaay, aunieay eee ieceay, iaeeaeaiiay eee
ayeay.

Aeaaii?eyoiay (noaaeeueiay, aunieay, iaeeaeaiiay) ?E n/eoaaony a
oneiaeyo aeinoaoi/ii iieiiai (i?e aeaiiii iauaia iieoiaoaeueneeo
oiiaeia) oaeiaeaoai?aiey ni?ina (eee ?anoouaai ni?ina) ia eiie?aoiue O
eee O.

Iaaeaaii?eyoiay (ieceay, ayeay) ?E neeaaeuaaaony i?e ianiioaaonoaee
i?aaeeiaeaiey ni?ino, caoiaa?eaaiey e cia/eoaeueiuo ?acia?ia
iaoaeiaeaoai?aiiiai ni?ina.

O.i., aeaaiay caeiiiia?iinoue ?acaeoey ?E – aa iinoiyiiua “aceaou”
(oeo/oaiea ?E) e “iaaeaiey” (oooaeoaiey ?E) eae aeey ioaeaeueiuo aeaeia
oiaa?ia, oae e aeey oeaeuo io?aneae i?iecaiaenoaa.

67. Iniaaiiinoe iaaeee-?eeaeoic aaiea.

N iieiui ia oi iniiaaieai e iaaeee-?eeaeoic aaiea iiaeii ioianoe ana,
neacaiiia a aii?ina 66. Nianoaaiii aea iniaaiiinoe ninoiyo a
neaaeothuai:o iaaeee-?eeaeoic aaiea nouanoaoao niaoeeoe/aneay caaea/a –
i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiea e i?ana/aiea aaieianeie iaieee, iiae eioi?ie
iiieiaaony ianniaia ecuyoea aeeaaeia, aucaaiiia neooaie i a?yaeouai
e?aoa aaiea e naii ii naaa aaaeouaa e aai aaie?ionoao. Ionthaea auoaeaao
e niaoeeoeea i?eaiia iaaeee-?eeaeoic:

1) ?aaoey?iay ioaeeeaoeey a ianniaie ia/aoe niaaaeaiiuo eoiaiaie
/anoueth aoaeeoi?neiai caeeth/aiey aaeainia aaiea,

2) I?iiaaaiaea naycae aaiea n e?oiiuie ia?oia?aie, a iniaaiiinoe
ca?oaaaeiuie (anoanoaaiii, eo/oa anaai – ec i?iiuoeaiii ?acaeouo no?ai,
aeaaea iacaaeneii io ianooaaa yoeo ia?oia?ia – a neeo ?inneeneiai
iaoeeiiaeueiiai iaioaeeoaoa yoi oe?aieo aeiaa?ea aeeaae/eeia),

3) Nicaeaiea aeaaii?eyoiiai eieaeaea ee/ii ?oeiaiaenoao aaiea –
aeeaae/eee neeiiiu aeiaa?youe naie aeaiueae ecaanoiui ethaeyi. N yoie
oeaeueth aiciiaeii aeeth/aiea a niaao aee?aeoi?ia aaiea ecaanoiuo
yeiiiienoia, iauanoaaiiuo aeayoaeae.

88. Niaoeeoeea aeayoaeueiinoe ?inneeneeo ia?eaoieiaia a eioi?iaoeeiiiie
n?aaea.

Eioi?iaoeey anoue ia?a ono?aiaiey iaii?aaeaeaiiinoe a ioiioaiee
eioa?anothuaai ian iauaeoa. Ae?oaeie neiaaie, eioi?iaoeey –
niaieoiiinoue naaaeaiee i ninoiyiee oi?aaeyaiie nenoaiu. Yoa
niaieoiiinoue iiaeao auoue i?aaenoaaeaia a aeaea eiee/anoaaiiuo
ia?aiao?ia, ea/anoaaiiuo i?eciaeia, i?eaioe?ia, oeaeae e caaea/
aeaenoaothuaai i?aaei?eyoey. Iieo/aiea e ia?aaioea eioi?iaoeee caieiatho
enoiaeiia ianoi a i?ioeanna oi?aaeaiey oe?iie. Ia?aii/a?aaeiia cia/aiea
eioi?iaoeey eiaao aeey ia?eaoeiaiauo neoaea eae iaeaieaa aaaeiuo
yeaiaioia nenoai iaiaaeaeiaioa ia oe?iao. Niaieoiiinoue anao
eioi?iaoeeiiiuo iioieia, eiathueo cia/aiea aeey aaaeaiey aeciana – yoi
eioi?iaoeeiiiay n?aaea oe?iu. Niaoeeoeea ?inneeneeo oneiaee caeeth/aaony
a oii, /oi iioiee eioi?iaoeee e?aeia ?aciinoi?iiie e ii?ie
i?ioeai?a/eau. Iaeaieaa oeaiiay eioi?iaoeey, eae ie no?aiii, iiaeao
auoue iieo/aia ia ii ioeoeeaeueiui eaiaeai nayce, a iin?aaenoaii
iaoi?iaeueiiai iauaiey, o.a. eniieueciaaiey neooia. Ae?oaay niaoeeoe/iay
/a?oa – iaiaoiaeeiinoue i/aiue e?eoe/ii iiaeoiaeeoue ei anae aac
eneeth/aiey iieo/aaiie eioi?iaoeee, iineieueeo eioa?anu noauaeoia ?uiea
aeaeaei ia anaaaea ninoiyo a i?aaeinoaaeaiee ei??aeoiie eioi?iaoeee.
Cia/aiea eioi?iaoeeiiiie N?aaeu a i?ioeanna oi?aaeaiey oe?iie
i?aaenoaaeaii ia neaaeothuae noaia:

I?ioeann oi?aaeaiey oe?iie:

1. Iieo/aiea e ia?aaioea eioi?iaoeee i ninoiyiee iauaeoa.

2. Ii?aaeaeaiea i?eioeeiia, i?eaioe?ia e caaea/ oi?aaeaiey.

3. Au?aaioea ?aoaiee.

4. Auaea/a eiiaiaeu, ?anii?yaeaiey.

5. ?aaeecaoeey ?aoaiee.

6. Eciaiaiea iauaeoa.

Aeaiiue ii?yaeie aeaenoaee i?eiaiyaony i?e iaiin?aaenoaaiiii
?oeiaiaenoaa inouanoaeaieai oaoiieiae/aneeo iia?aoeee, i?e oi?aaeaiee
eaae?aie, oeiainaie, i?iecaiaenoaaiiuie caianaie e o.ae. Iaeiaei
iaiaaeaeiaio iiae?acoiaaaao ia oieueei iaiin?aaenoaaiiia oi?aaeaiea
i?aaei?eyoeai, ii e ?aciin?i/iia ieaie?iaaiea aai aeayoaeueiinoe.
Ionthaea auoaeaao iaiaoiaeeiinoue eiaoue eioi?iaoeeth i ia?niaeoeaao
?acaeoey oiai ?uiea, ia eioi?ii ?aaioaao i?aaei?eyoea. N yoie oeaeueth
inouanoaeythony ia?eaoeiaiaua enneaaeiaaiey. E?iia oiai, aeey
ei??aeoe?iaee aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey iaiaoiaeeia eioi?iaoeey i
eiieo?aioao – eo ieaiao, i?ia?aiiao, iao/ii-oaoie/aneeo ?ac?aaioeao.
Iaee/ea oaeie eioi?iaoeee iicaieyao iia?aaeaoue eiieo?aioia i?e auionea
iiaie i?iaeoeoeee, iaeo?aeeciauaaoue /oaeea ?aeeaiiua eaiiaiee,
i?eaeaeaoue e naaa eo/oea eaae?u. Aua iaeiei aeaeii eioi?iaoeee,
iieaciui i?e oi?aaeaiee i?aaei?eyoeai, yaeythony naaaeaiey i
i?aaenoiyueo eciaiaieyo iaeiaiaiai, oaiiaeaiiiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa,
yeieiae/aneeo ii?iaoeaiuo aeoia e o.i. – yoi aeaao aiciiaeiinoue
ooi/ieoue ia oieueei ia?aiao?u aoaeouae i?iaeoeoeee, ii e niiniau aa
i?iaeaeaeaiey ia ?uiie.

93. Aeaeu ?aeeaiiie ?aaiou.

?aeeaia – iaee/iua oi?iu eiiioieeaoeee, inouanoaeyaiua /a?ac iin?aaenoai
ieaoiuo n?aaenoa ?ani?ino?aiaiey eioi?iaoeee, n /aoei oeacaiiui
enoi/ieeii oeiaine?iaaiey.

Noa?a aeayoaeueiinoe ?aeeaiu aeeth/aao a naay:

1) Eco/aiea iio?aaeoaeae oneoa, eioi?ua i?aaenoieo ?aeeaie?iaaoue,

2) Enneaaeiaaiea iniaaiiinoae ?uiea, eioi?ue i?aaenoieo inaieoue,

3) No?aoaae/aneia ieaie?iaaiea n oi/ee c?aiey oeaeae, ii?aaeaeaiey
a?aieoe ?uiea, iaania/aiey anneaiiaaiee e ?ac?aaioee oai?/aneiai
iiaeoiaea e ieaie?iaaiey eniieueciaaiey n?aaenoa ?aeeaiu,

4) I?eiyoea oaeoe/aneeo ?aoaiee ii niaoa ?anoiaeia i?e auai?a n?aaenoa
?aeeaiu, ?ac?aaioea a?aoeeia ioaeeeaoeee e o?aineyoeee iauyaeaiee,

5) Ninoaaeaiea ?aeeaiiuo iauyaeaiee, aeeth/ay iiaeaioiaeo oaenoa,
iaeaoa, ooaeiaeanoaaiiia ioi?ieaiea e eo i?i-ai.

Aa niaoeeoe/aneea iniaaiiinoe:

1) Ia aani?eno?anoiinoue,

2) I?eaioaoeey ia eiie?aoiiai aae?anaoa, eiaao niaoeeoe/aneoth
iai?aaeaiiinoue, eaeao a ?aieao iiea/aiiiai ianoa eee a?aiaie,

4) ssaeyaony n?aaenoaii, niiniaiuo i?eianoe eieinnaeueiue oniao eee
eaoano?ioe/aneee i?iaae, e ia?aaeei aeaenoaothuei a oneiaeyo
iaii?aaeaeaiiinoe eiia/iiai ?acoeueoaoa.

Aeaeu ?aeeaiu:

1. Oiaa?iay. Eioi?ie?iaaiea iieoiaoaey ia iniaaiiinoyo e aeinoieinoaao
oneoa, i?iaoaeaeaao eioa?an e iei.

2. I?anoeaeiay (oe?iaiiay). I?aaenoaaeyao aeinoieinoaa oe?iu, auaiaeii
ioee/athuea a? io eiieo?aioia. Oeaeue – nicaeaiea i?eaeaeaoaeueiiai
eieaeaea.

Ii ?ani?ino?aiaieth ?aeeaiiiai ia?auaiey:

1. I?yiay

2. Aacee/iay (ianniaay)

1) ?aeeaia a i?anna,

2) Ia/aoiay ?aeeaia (i?iniaeou, eaoaeiae, ieaeaou, eenoiaee, eaeaiaea?e
e o.ae.),

3) Ye?aiiay ?aeeaia,

4) ?aaeei?aeeaia,

5) Ia?oaeiay ?aeeaia (e?oiiiaaaa?eoiua ieaeaou, niaoeeaeueiua ?aeeaiiua
ianoa),

6) ?aeeaia ia o?ainii?oa (aioo?enaeiiiay, ?aciauaaiay ia ia?oaeiie
iiaa?oiinoe o?ainii?oiuo n?aaenoa, ?aciauaaiay ia noaioeeyo
iauanoaaiiiai o?ainii?oa e aie?oa ieo),

7) Noaaie?u e ae?. oi?iu ?aeeaiu.

Ii oa?aeoa?o e iniaaiiinoyi ?aeeaiiiai i?iaeoeoa, aeeciaiiiai oeeeea
oiaa?a e caaea/, e-a noaayony ia?aae ?aeeaiie ia eiie?aoiii yoaia:

1) Eioi?iaoeaiay. I?aiaeaaeaao i?e auaaaeaiee iiaiai i?iaeoeoa ia ?uiie,
eiaaea noieo caaea/a ia?ae/iiai oi?ie?iaaiey ni?ina.

3) Iaiiieiathuay. Aaie oaea iiiaiai aeinoea a ieacaiee eiie?aoiuo oneoa
e aio ioaeii aiiaue neiioeaio?e?iaaoue aieiaiea ia eo aeinoieinoaao.

4) Iiaee?aieythuay. Oaa?yao eeeaioia a i?aaeeueiinoe naeaeaiiiai eie
auai?a.

118. Niaoeeoeea iaaeaeoia?iaeiie ia?eaoeiaiaie aeayoaeueiinoe aaieia.

Ioee/eoaeueiay iniaaiiinoue iaaeaeoia?iaeiie ia?eaoeiaiaie
aeayoaeueiinoe aaieia – oi, /oi i?e aa inouanoaeaiee aaiee
i?eaioe?othony ia aeaa niaa?oaiii ?aciua a?oiiu eeeaioia – ?aceaeaioia e
ia?aceaeaioia.

I?e i?iaaaeaiee aiaoiayeiiiie/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe iaiaoiaeeii oaeaeyoue
iniaia aieiaiea eco/aieth ca?oaaaeiuo caeiiia, o?aaeeoeee, iniaaiiinoyi
aeaiaaeiie e aaieianeie nenoaiu.

Aieueoia cia/aiea aeieaeii i?eaeaaaoueny aaethoiiio eiio?ieth –
?aaoee?iaaieth iauaia iaee/iinoe a eiino?aiiuo aaethoao e eo iaiaiiiai
eo?na.

Iiaeii ?anniio?aoue iaaeaeoia?iaeioth aeayoaeueiinoue aaieia a ?ac?aca
aeaeia iia?aoeee.

I?eia?, ia?eaoeia ii aeaiiceoiui iia?aoeeyi iai?aaeai eae ia i?eaea/aiea
ca?oaaaeiuo aeeaaeia, oae e ia ?aciauaiea aeeaaeia ?aceaeaioia a
ca?oaaaeiuo aaieao. Aiaeiae/ii ii ae?oaei iia?aoeeyi.

127. Ia?eaoeia eae iniiaiay /anoue iaiaaeaeiaioa.

Aeeao 20.

2. I?e/eiu aicieeiiaaiey ia?eaoeiaa.

Ia?eaoeia aiciee ia ?oaaaea 19-20 aaeia.

I?e/eiu aicieeiiaaiey:

35. Ii?aaeaeaiea “aieinoe ?uiea”.

A caaea/e i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai enneaaeiaaiey ?uiea aoiaeyo:

1. Auai? ?uieia, aaea aiciiaeai iaeneiaeueiue nauo;

2. Iieo/aiea eioi?iaoeee i aieinoe ?uiea.

Aieinoue – niiniaiinoue ?uiea iiaeioeoue ii?aaeaeaiiia eiee/anoai oiaa?i
a ii?aaeaeaiiia a?aiy.

Nthaea aeeth/athony oaeea iieacaoaee, eae:

– ii?aaeaeaiea eiee/anoaa eiieo?aioia,

– ii?aaeaeaiea aeiee eiieo?eioia ia ?uiea,

– ii?aaeaeaiea io?aneae eee i?aaei?eyoee, yaeythueony iaeaieaa e?oiiuie
io?aaeoaeyie,

– ii?aaeaeaiea no?oeoo?u iio?aaeaiey oiaa?ia ia?aie / ia ia?aie
iaiaoiaeeiinoe,

– ii?aaeaeaiea ?acia?ia i?iecaaaenoaaiiiai no?ieoaeuenoaa e eciaiaiey a
no?oeoo?a iio?aaeaiey.

Yoe iieacaoaee iiiiaatho noaeeoue i oeaeaniia?aciinoe i?iieeiiaaiey ia
iiaee ?uiie, i i?aaeiieaaaaiuo cao?aoao e ianooaaao aeayoaeueiinoe, i
iioaioeeaeueiuo eeeaioao.

3. Eiioeaio?aoeey ?ano?nia ia ia?niaeoeaiii ?uiea.

39. ?ac?aaioea i?iaeoeoa, eae ninoiaeythuay iaoaiecia ?aaeecaoeee
ia?eaoeiaiaie eiioeaioeee.

Oiaa?u iiaoo ?acee/aoueny:

– ooieoeeiiaeueiui iacia/aieai,

– iaaeaaeiinoueth,

– aeieaiaa/iinoueth,

– oaeianoaii eniieueciaaiey,

– ynoaoe/iinoueth aiaoiaai aeaea,

– oiaeiaeie,

– ianeoaeeaaieai,

– aa?aioeae,

– nii?iaiaeeo. aeieoiaioaie e eino?oeoeeyie.

Aeaeu oiaa?ia.

– oiaa?u aeeeoaeueiiai eniieueciaaiey ((1 aiaea),

– e?aoein?i/iiai eniieueciaaiey (oiaa? iieiinoueth iio?aaeyaony ca iaeei
eee ianeieueei oeeeeia),

– oiaa? ?uii/iie iiaeciu (iiaoo auoue aeaaea eaeae),

Oiaa?iay aaeeieoea — yoi oeaeinoiinoue ii?aaeaeaiiie aaee/eiu aiaoiaai
aeaea e oeaiu (othaee io coaiie ianou).

Oe?iaiiia eiy — aoeau e neiaa, eniieuecoaiua aeey eaeaioeoeeaoeee
oiaa?a.

Iiaua oiaa?u.

?ac?aaioea caiunea iiaiai oiaa?a e aai i?iaa?ea. Yoi i?i?aaioea eaeae
oiaa?a aei oi?ioee?iaee iio?aaeoaeueneeo naienoa oiaa?a e ii?iaiaaiea
oiaa?a ia iio?aaeoaeyo iooai ii?ina ia eo ioiioaiee e caiuneo oiaa?a.

?ac?aaioea oiaa?a — nicaeaiea i?ioioeiia iiaiai oiaa?a a oii /enea aeey
iio?aaeoaeae.

?aiaa aieueoeinoai — iniio?eoaeueiua iieoiaoaee, eioi?ua aini?eieiatho
iiaua oiaa?u ?aiueoa n?aaeieo iieoiaoaeae (34%)

?aiea iineaaeiaaoaee — iio?aaeoaee auno?i aini?eieiathuea oiaa? (13%).

Oiaa? iinooiaao ia ?uiie e niaa?oaaony i?iaiay i?iaeaaea iiaiai oiaa?a
ia ?uiea..

?uii/iue oano eniieuecoaony aeey iio?aaeoaeueneeo oiaa?ia n oeaeueth
iieo/aiey ia?ae/iie eioi?iaoeee ia ioiioaiee iieoiaoaeae e oiaa?o.

No?aoaaey ?ac?aaioee iiaiai oiaa?a — niinia aicaeaenoaey ia
nouanoaothuee ia ?uiea ni?in iooai nicaeaiey oeo/oaiiuo aa?eaioia eee
iiaeeoeeaoeee nouanoaothueo oiaa?ia.

Auaeaeytho 8 yoaiia nicaeaiey iiauo oiaa?ia:

Oi?ie?iaaiea eaeae — nenoaiaoe/aneee iiene eaeae iiauo oiaa?ia.

Ioai? eaeae — auyaeaiea iai?eaiaeiuo eaeae ii nicaeaieth iiaiai oiaa?a.

?ac?aaioea caiunea e aai i?iaa?ea, ?ac?aaioea no?aoaaee ia?eaoeiaa —
yoi ?ac?aaioea no?aoaaee auoiaea ia ?uiie n iiaui oiaa?ii (iaeeo/oee
caiunae), ii?aaeaeaiea iieacaoaeae iauaia i?iaeaae, aeiee ?uiea,
i?eauee, i?aaeiieaaaaiie oeaiu oiaa?a e niiniaa aai ?ani?aaeaeaiey.

Aiaeec aiciiaeiinoae i?iecaiaenoaa e nauoa — aiaeec niioaaonoaey
caiunea iiaiai oiaa?a no?aoaaee ia?eaoeiaa, oeaeyi oe?iu.

?ac?aaioea oiaa?a.

Eniuoaiea a ?uii/iuo oneiaeyo — auione iaaieueoeo ia?oee oiaa?ia n
oeaeueth auyniaiey ioiioaiee e iaio, ii?aaeaeaiea aeiee ?uiea e i?eiyoey
?aoaiee i oeaeaniia?aciinoe auionea oiaa?ia.

?acaa?ouaaiea eiiia?/aneiai i?iecaiaenoaa.

N?aaenoaa ia?ee?iaee.

Yoi n?aaenoaa eaeaioeoeeaoeee oiaa?a. A eo ea/anoaa iiaoo
eniieueciaaoueny yoeeaoee.

Ooieoeee yoeeaoie.

1. Eaeaioeoeeaoeey

2. Oeacaiea ni?oa

3. Iienaiea ni?oa

4. I?iiaaaiaea oiaa?a.

55. Caaea/e a iaeanoe nauoa e i?iaeaeaeaiey i?iaeoeoeee aei iieoiaoaey.

Nauo – iiiaiia?aciua yeiiiie/aneea ioiioaiey iaaeaeo o/anoieeaie ?uiea,
ioaaouaathuea anth oeaii/eo eaiaeia ?ani?aaeaeaiey. I?iaeaeaeaiea
oiaa?ia – ?acee/iua oi?iu niiauaiee, eniieuecoaiuo aeey eioi?iaoeee e
oaaaeaeaiey iioaioeeaeueiuo iieoiaoaeae, n oeaeueth noeioee?iaaiey
ni?ina e nicaeaiey e noeioee?iaaiey eieaeaea oe?iu. I?eaioe?oynue ia
?uiie, oe?iu aeieaeiu ciaoue, eae aeiaeoueny oaeiaeaoai?aiey caeac/eea,
iaeiia?aiaiii iaania/ea naaa i?eaueue. Iaiaoiaeeii niae?aoue ?uii/ioth
eioi?iaoeeth e i?iaiaeeoue ia?eaoeiaiaue aiaeec:

– iouneaiea e i?eaea/aiea iiauo eeeaioia;

– ?ani?ino?aiaiea eioi?iaoeee i oiaa?ao e oneoaao oe?iu;

– eceiaeaiea aeiaiaeia, i?aiaeieaiea aic?aaeaiee;

– caueoa eioa?ania eeeaioo?u;

– iaania/aiea yooaeoeaiinoe ?aeeaiu;

– i?iaaaeaiea ia?niiaeueiuo i?iaeaae.

84. ?ieue ia?eaoeiaiauo neoaea a ?inneeneeo aaieao.

(134. Ia?eaoeia a aaieao ?innee.)

Iniiaiua ooieoeee ia?eaoeiaa – eco/aiea ni?ina, aii?inia
oeaiiia?aciaaiey, ?aeeaia e ianeoaeeaaiea iio?aaeoaeae. Aeey aaieia
ia?eaoeiaiaua enneaaeiaaiey naiaeyony e:

– onoaiiaeaieth nouanoaothueo e iioaioeeaeueiuo ?uieia aaieianeeo oneoa;

– auai?o eiie?aoiuo ?uieia e onoaiiaeaiee ioaeae caeac/eea;

– eco/aieth ni?ina e i?aaeeiaeaiee ia aaieianeea oneoae a aeaiiii
?aaeiia n ?an/aoii iieiiai iauaia cao?ao (?anoiaeia) ia eo auiieiaiea,
i?aaeiieaaaaiuo e iieo/aieth aeioiaeia e i?eauee;

– e eco/aieth aiciiaeiinoe e iaiaoiaeeiinoe a nicaeaiee oeeeaeia e
iauaia cao?ao ia yoe oeaee, yooaeoeaiinoe ?aaiou n iia?aoeeyie a
eiino?aiiie aaethoa;

– aiaae?aieth iiauo aeaeia oneoa a i?aeoeeo e eiio?ieue aaiea ca
?aaeecaoeeae i?ia?aii aiaae?aiey.

A ioee/ea io caiaaeiuo no?ai, aaea ia?eaoeia a aaieianeie noa?a
oi?ie?iaaeny ia iniiaa iiuoa aeayoaeueiinoe i?iiuoeaiiuo e oi?aiauo
i?aaei?eyoee e aae?ae a naay aeinoeaeaiey iauae oai?ee ia?eaoeiaa,
oi?ie?iaaiea aai a iaoae no?aia i?ienoiaeeo iaeiia?aiaiii n i?ioeannii
ia?aoiaea e ?uieo anao no?oeoo? e noa? oicyenoaa. Ia?eaoeia a aaieianeie
noa?a aeieaeai auoue iai?aaeai a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue ia onei?aiea
aeaiaaeiiai iai?ioa. I?aeoe/aneia aiieiuaiea yoi iaoiaeeo a i?iaaaeaiee
aaieii aaciaee/iuo ?an/aoia a oicyenoaa.

Ia?eaoeia a aaieianeie noa?a aeieaeai auoue iai?aaeai ia eco/aiea ?uiea
e?aaeeoiuo ?ano?nia, aiaeec oeiainiaiai ninoiyiey eeeaioia e
i?iaiice?iaaiea ia yoie aaca, i?eaea/aiea aeeaaeia a aaiee e
oi?ie?iaaiea aeaeueiaeoaai iiaaaeaiey aaiea.

119. Noaia ia?eaoeiaiaiai enneaaeiaaiey.

1. Auyaeaiea i?iaeai e oi?ie?iaaiea oeaeae enneaaeiaaiey.

2. Ioai? enoi/ieeia eioi?iaoeee.

3. Nai? eioi?iaoeee.

4. Aiaeec nia?aiiie eioi?iaoeee.

5. I?aaenoaaeaiea iieo/aiiuo ?acoeueoaoia.

Ia ia?aii yoaia i?ienoiaeeo /aoeia ii?aaeaeaiea i?iaeaiu e iinoaiiaea
oeaeae enneaaeiaaiey. Ao?ie yoai aeeth/aao auai? iaoiaeia enneaaeiaaiey
(iaaethaeaiea, yenia?eiaio, ii?in), iiaeaioiaeo i?oaeee enneaaeiaaiey
(aieaou, iaoaie/aneea ono?ienoaa), ninoaaeaiea ieaia auai?ee (aaeeieoea,
iauai, i?ioeaaeo?a auai?ee), auai? niiniaa nayce n aoaeeoi?eae (oaeaoii,
ii/oa, ee/iua eiioaou). O?aoee yoai – iieo/aiea eioi?iaoeee ec
ioia?aiiuo enoi/ieeia. *aoaa?oue yoai aeeth/aao aiaeec eciaiaiee,
eco/aiea aeeyiey ioaeaeueiuo oaeoi?ia, auyaeaiea acaeiinaycae, nicaeaiea
noaoenoe/aneeo e iaoaiaoe/aneeo iiaeaeae. Iineaaeiee yoai –
i?aaeinoaaeaiea iniiaiuo ?acoeueoaoia enneaaeiaaiey, eioi?ua aeatho
aiciiaeiinoue ?oeiaiaeeoaeyi i?eieiaoue iainiiaaiiua ?aoaiey.

Aeeao 21.

3. Nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneea iniiau ia?eaoeiaa.

Enoiaeiie eaeaae, eaaeauae a iniiaa ia?eaoeiaa, yaeyaony eaeay
/aeiaa/aneeo ioaeae.

Ioaeaea – /oanoai iuouaaiie /aeiaaeii iaoaaoee /aai eeai. Aeaeu:
oeceieiae/aneea, nioeeaeueiua, ee/iua.

Iaiai – yoi aeo iieo/aiey io eiai eeai aeaeaaiiai iauaeoa n
i?aaeeiaeaieai /aai eeai acaiai.

?uiie – niaieoiiinoue nouanoaothueo e iioaioeeaeueiuo iieoiaoaeae
oiaa?a. Neaaeiaaoaeueii:

Ia?eaoeia – yoi /aeiaa/aneay aeayoaeueiinoue, oae eee eia/a eiathuay
ioiioaiea e ?uieo.

57. Ianooaau e aiciiaeiinoe eaiaeia oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey e nauoa.

Eaiaeu oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey – niaieoiiinoue ?acee/iuo i?aaiecaoeee e
ioaeaeueiuo eeoe (iio?aaeoaeae), naycaiiuo n ia?aaeaeaeaieai e iaiaiii
oiaa?ia.

Nouanoaotho neaaeothuea eaiaeu oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey:

1. I?inoie eaiae oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey: i?iaeaeaeaiea o-?ia aac eniieuec-y
iin?aaeieeia, THE iai?yioth oi?aoao n iio?aaeoaeai. I?iecaiaeeoaeue (
Eiia/iue iio?aaeoaeue.

Eiia/. iio?-eue – oio, eoi eniieuecoao i?iaeoeoeeth aeey oaeiaeaoai?aiey
naieo iio?aaiinoae.

Eaiaeu oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey auiieiytho i/aiue aaaeiua ooieoeee:

– i?iaiaeyo ia?eaoeiaiaua enneaaeiaaiey : nai? eioi?iaoeee, iaiaoiaeeiie
aeey

ieaie?iaaiey e iaeaa/aiey iaiaia;

– ii?aaeaeytho oneiaey caeoiee e i?iaeaaee i?iaeoeoeee (ii oaeoo,
i?aaeiieaoa, eiineaiaoeey);

– noeioee?otho nauo;

– iaeaaeeaatho e iiaeaea?aeeaatho eiioaeou n iinoiyiiuie iieoiaoaeyie;

– niaeanotho oeaiu;

96. ?aeeaiiay aeayoaeueiinoue ia nia?aiaiiii ?inneeneii ?uiea.

Ana aieaa aaaeiia cia/aiea i?eia?aoaao nae/an a ?innee ?aeeaia, oeaeue
eioi?ie i?aaeaea anaai – i?eaea/ue aieiaiea iioaioeeaeueiuo eeeaioia e
oe?ia, aa aiciiaeiinoyi, i?aaeinoaaeyaiui oneoaai e oiaa?ai,
iiae/a?eiooue aanue niaeo? eo iieiaeeoaeueiuo /a?o.

A ?innee ioiioaiea iio?aaeoaey, eeeaioa e oiaa?ai e oneoaai ?uii/iuo
no?oeoo? /?acau/aeii aaaeii. Ia nae?ao, /oi o cia/eoaeueiie /anoe
ianaeaiey e /anoiui oe?iai nio?aiyaony ianoi?iaeaiiinoue eee aeaaea
ioe?iaaiii iaaaoeaiia ioiioaiea. Iai?eia?, aieueoeinoai ethaeae
i?aaeii/eoatho o?aieoue naie aeaiueae a auaoeo ainaaieao. A /anoiuo
eiiia?/aneeo aaieao iau/ii aea?aeao naie n?aaenoaa i?aaenoaaeoaee
?uii/iuo no?oeoo?. Eiieo?aioeey iinoaiaiii ia?anoaao, iiyoiio ia ?aeeaio
cao?a/eaathony ana aieueoea noiiu. Ii?ie ono?aeaathony iiuiua e
aei?iainoiyuea eiiiaiee a NIE, ii ieeoi oieeii ia ciaao, eaeay
aoaeeoi?ey iieo/aao aeaiioth eioi?iaoeeth. A ?acoeueoaoa cia/eoaeueiay
/anoue n?aaenoa e nee ooiaeeo aionooth.

Aieueooth ?ieue a ?inneeneeo oneiaeyo ea?aao iaeii ec n?aaenoa
?ani?ino?aiaiey ?aeeaiu – i?yiay ii/oiaay ?annueea. A yoii neo/aa
?aeeaiiaeaoaeue iai?aaeyao ia?auaiey niaoeeaeueii ioia?aiiui eeoeai.
Iniiaiay /anoue i?yiie ?aeeaiu ?annueaaony ii ii/oa, ii cia/eoaeueiue a?
iauai ?ani?ino?aiyaony ii i?eioeeio “a eaaeaeoth aeaa?ue”, ?aeeaiiua
ia?auaiey ?acaeathony i?ioiaeei, iieoiaoaeyi a oi?aiauo oi/eao,
aeeaaeuaathony a iaeaou, naa?oee i?e iieoieao.

Ana oe?a a ?inneeneeo oneiaeyo eniieuecoaony ?aeeaia ia o?ainii?oa. Aeey
ethaeae, e-a iinoiyiii iieuecothony i?eai?iaeiuie iiacaeaie, iao?i e
iacaiiuie aeaeaie o?ainii?oa, yoa ?aeeaia ia ciaao naaa ?aaiuo.
I?aeoeeoaony iau/ii 3 aeaea iiaeiaiie ?aeeaiu:

1) Aioo?enaeiiiay,

2) ?aciauaaiay ia ia?oaeiie iiaa?oiinoe o?ainii?oiuo n?aaenoa,

3) ?aciauaaiay ia noaioeeyo iauanoaaiiiai o?ainii?oa e aie?oa ieo.

A ?inneeneie i?aeoeea iiiaei ?aeeaiiui iauyaeaieyi naienoaaiii i?inoi
neiaineiaea ii aae?ano ii?aaeaeaiiuo oiaa?ia e oneoa, ii?ie aiaie/iua
eiiaeiaoeee aei eciaiiaeaiey caoaneaiiuo neia.

(aeaeaa ni. 238-243 “Aaieianeee ia?eaoeia” Y.A. Ooeei)

109. Oi?iu eiieo?aioeee ia aiaoieo ?uieao (110. Iniaaiiinoe eiieo?aioeee
ia aiaoieo ?uieao).

Iniaaiiinoueth ie?iaiai ?uiea yaeyaony ino?ay eiieo?aioeey i?aeoe/anee
ia anao no?aiiauo ?uieao.

I?e auoiaea ia ?uiie oe?ia aeieaeia ciaoue, n eaeei oeiii eiieo?aioeee
ae i?eaeaony noieeiooueny:

2) Iiiiiieenoe/aneay eiieo?aioeey.

I?e iiiiiieenoe/aneie no?oeoo?a ?uiea, eiaaea ia iai aeaenoaoao
ia?aie/aiiia /enei i?iaeaaoeia (eee aeaaea iaeei) – iiiiiieey e
ieeaiiieey, nicaeathony oneiaey aeey aeeeoaoa oeai i?iaeaaoeaie.

Eiieo?aioeey auaaao:

1) Oeaiiaay. Ai?ueaa ca iieoiaoaey aaaeaony n iiiiuueth oeai.

2) Iaoeaiiaay. Niia?ie/anoai a ea/-aa i?iaeoeoeee, iiaecia, niaa?oainoaa
oaoiieiaee, o?iaia iineai?iaeaaeiiai ianeoaeeaaiey, i?aaiecaoeee nauoa.

129. Ia?eaoeia eae iaoea e i?aeoeea.

ss aeoiath, ia ioeaonue, anee neaaeo, /oi ia?eaoeia yaeyaony
iaeiia?aiaiii e iaoeie, e ii?aaeaeaiiuie i?aeoe/aneeie ciaieyie. Iiaeii
neacaoue, /oi ia?eaoeia – yoi iaoea, oeaeueth e niuneii eioi?ie yaeyaony
aeinoeaeaiea aiieia eiie?aoiuo i?aeoe/aneeo ?acoeueoaoia.

Eae iaoea, ia?eaoeia – yoi iao/iay nenoaia, ciaiey, iai?aaeythuea
yeiiiieeo ia oaeiaeaoai?aiea iiiaeanoaa iinoiyiii iaiythueony ioaeae
iiiaeo ieeeeiiia iio?aaeoaeae. Iaiaoiaeeii ciaoue, eae

– iienaoue ?uiie e ?acaeoue aai ia naaiaiou;

– ioeaieoue ioaeaeu, cai?inu e i?aaeii/oaiey iio?aaeoaeae a ?aieao
oeaeaaiai ?uiea;

– neiino?oe?iaaoue e eniuoaoue oiaa? n ioaeiuie aeey yoiai ?uiea
iio?aaeoaeueneeie naienoaaie;

– iin?aaenoaii oeaiu aeiianoe aei iio?aaeoaey eaeath oeaiiinoe oiaa?a;

– aua?aoue oiaeuo iin?aaeieeia, /oiau oiaa? ieacaeny oe?ieiaeinooiiui e
oi?ioi i?aaenoaaeaiiui;

– ?aeeaie?iaaoue e i?iaeaeaaoue oiaa?, /oiau iio?aaeoaee ciaee aai e
oioaee aai i?eia?anoe.

?anniao?eaay ia?eaoeia n oi/ee c?aiey i?aeoeee, iiae iei iiieiaaony oa
/aeiaa/aneay aeayoaeueiinoue, eioi?ay oae eee eia/a eiaao ioiioaiea e
?uieo. Ia?eaoeia – yoi iaiin?aaenoaaiii ?aaioa n ?uieii ?aaee
inouanoaeaiey iaiaiia, oeaeue eioi?uo – oaeiaeaoai?aiea /aeiaa/aneeo
ioaeae e iio?aaiinoae. Yoi, oaeei ia?acii, aeae /aeiaa/aneie
aeayoaeueiinoe, iai?aaeaiiie ia oaeiaeaoai?aiea ioaeae e iio?aaiinoae
iin?aaenoaii iaiaia. Iniiao aeayoaeueiinoe ia?eaoeiaa ninoaaeytho oaeea
caiyoey, eae ?ac?aaioea oiaa?a, enneaaeiaaiey, iaeaaeeaaiea
eiiioieeaoeee, i?aaiecaoeey ?ani?aaeaeaiey, onoaiiaeaiea oeai,
?acaa?ouaaiea neoaeau na?aena.

130. Iiiyoea e nouiinoue eiio?ieeeiaa.

Iineieueeo i?e inouanoaeaiee ieaiia ia?eaoeiaa aicieeaao iiiaeanoai
iaiaeeaeaiiinoae, ioaeaeo ia?eaoeiaa iaiaoiaeeii aanoe iinoiyiiue
eiio?ieue ca oiaeii eo auiieiaiey. Nenoaiu ia?eaoeiaiaiai eiio?ieeeiaa
ioaeiu aeey oiai, /oiau auoue oaa?aiiui a yooaeoeaiinoe e yoaeoiinoe
aeayoaeueiinoe oe?iu. Iiaeii auaeaeeoue 3 oeia ia?eaoeiaiaiai eiio?iey.

Eiio?ieue ca auiieiaieai aiaeiauo ieaiia caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi
niaoeeaeenou ia?eaoeiaa niiinoaaeytho oaeouea iieacaoaee n eiio?ieueiuie
oeeo?aie aiaeiaiai ieaia e i?e iaiaoiaeeiinoe i?eieiatho ia?u e
eni?aaeaieth iieiaeaiey.

Eiio?ieue i?eaueueiinoe caeeth/aaony a ii?aaeaeaiee oaeoe/aneie
?aioaaaeueiinoe ?acee/iuo oiaa?ia, oa??eoi?ee, naaiaioia ?uiea e
oi?aiauo eaiaeia.

No?aoaae/aneee eiio?ieue caeeth/aaony a ?aaoey?iie i?iaa?ea niioaaonoaey
enoiaeiuo no?aoaae/aneeo onoaiiaie oe?iu eiathueiny ?uii/iui
aiciiaeiinoyi.

Aeeao 22.

4. Oa?aeoa?enoeea eaoaai?ee ia?eaoeiaa.

(iioiae ia aii?in ?9 eee ?3 ???)

Enoiaeiie eaeaae, eaaeauae a iniiaa ia?eaoeiaa, yaeyaony eaeay
/aeiaa/aneeo ioaeae.

Ioaeaea – /oanoai iuouaaiie /aeiaaeii iaoaaoee /aai eeai. Aeaeu:
oeceieiae/aneea, nioeeaeueiua, ee/iua.

Iaiai – yoi aeo iieo/aiey io eiai eeai aeaeaaiiai iauaeoa n
i?aaeeiaeaieai /aai eeai acaiai.

?uiie – niaieoiiinoue nouanoaothueo e iioaioeeaeueiuo iieoiaoaeae
oiaa?a. Neaaeiaaoaeueii:

Ia?eaoeia – yoi /aeiaa/aneay aeayoaeueiinoue, oae eee eia/a eiathuay
ioiioaiea e ?uieo.

56. Oa?aeoa?enoeea eaiaeia oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey e nauoa.

Eaiaeu oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey – niaieoiiinoue ?acee/iuo i?aaiecaoeee e
ioaeaeueiuo eeoe (iio?aaeoaeae), naycaiiuo n ia?aaeaeaeaieai e iaiaiii
oiaa?ia.

Nouanoaotho neaaeothuea eaiaeu oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey:

1.I?inoie eaiae oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey: i?iaeaeaeaiea o-?ia aac eniieuec-y
iin?aaeieeia, THE iai?yioth oi?aoao n iio?aaeoaeai. I?iecaiaeeoaeue (
Eiia/iue iio?aaeoaeue .

Eiia/. iio?-eue – oio, eoi eniieuecoao i?iaeoeoeeth aeey oaeiaeaoai?aiey
naieo iio?aaiinoae.

– i?iaiaeyo nai? eioi?iaoeee, iaiaoiaeeiie aeey ieaie?iaaiey e
iaeaa/aiey iaiaia;

– noeioee?otho nauo;

– iaeaaeeaatho e iiaeaea?aeeaatho eiioaeou n iinoiyiiuie iieoiaoaeyie;

– iiaeaiiytho oiaa? iiae o?aaiaaiey iieoiaoaeae (ni?oe?iaea, iiioaae,
oiaeiaea);

– niaeanotho ?acee/iua oneiaey e oeaiu;

– i?eieiatho ia naay ?enee e ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca ooieoeeiie?iaaiea
eaiaea.

131. ?ieue ia?eaoeiaa a eiieo?aioiie ai?ueaa.

A nia?aiaiiii auno?iiaiythuainy ie?a, eiaaea ?uii/iay eiieo?aioeey
noaiiaeony ana aieaa aeanoeie, ii ia ca n/ao oaeoi?a oeaiu, a a
?acoeueoaoa iiyaeaiey aieaa eciu?aiiuo, oiieeo iaoiaeia e oi?i
niia?ie/anoaa oe?i ia ?uiea, aeaaiay caiiaaaeue ?oeiaiaeeoaeae
i?aaei?eyoey oaea ia iiaeao caeeth/aoueny oieueei a no?aieaiee nieaeaoue
ecaea?aeee i?iecaiaenoaa. Auaeeaaiea i?aaei?eyoey ana /aua
iaoneaaeeaaaony aeaenoaeai oaeoi?ia aieaa aeieain?i/iiai ii?yaeea:
?aaeecaoeey e nauo i?iaeoeoeee, oaaee/aiea aeioiaeia e oeo/oaiea naiaai
oeiainiaiai ninoiyiey e o.ae. – a yoe noa?u i?yii aoiaeyo a noa?o
eiiiaoaioeee ia?eaoeiaa.

Iaiaoiaeeii io/aoeeai i?aaenoaaeyoue naaa, a /ai eiaiii ninoiyo
i?aeiouanoaa aaoaai i?aaei?eyoey a eiieo?aioiie ai?ueaa. Naeaeaoue yoi
iiaeii, oieueei iie?aynue ia nia?aiaiiue ia?eaoeia, ciay e iiieiay
nia?aiaiiua iaoiaeu eco/aiey ?uiea, iio?aaeoaeae, i?iaeoeoia,
eiieo?aioia, eioi?ua a?auathony ia iaeiie e oie aea eee aeeceie e aaoae
?uii/iie i?aeoa.

Naaiaeiy naiui aeaaiui aeey iiiaeanoaa oe?i yaeyaony eiaiii niiniaiinoue
oe?iu aeaoue iio?aaeoaeth oiaa? aieaa aunieiai ea/anoaa eee iaeaaeathuee
eaeeie-oi iiauie naienoaaie, i?eoii ca oo aea oeaio, i?e oao aea
ecaea?aeeao i?iecaiaenoaa. I?e/ai iaaei ca?aiaa ciaoue, eaeea eiaiii
naienoaa aieiotho iio?aaeoaey a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue. Aeey yoiai e ioaeai
ia?eaoeia.

Inouanoaeyy oaeoth oaeoeeo, iiaeii iaania/eoue naaa iaoeeiiiue ?ino
aeiee ?uiea, iauaiia i?iaeaae e aeioiaeia. Oaeei ia?acii, ?ieue
ia?eaoeiaa a eiieo?aioiie ai?ueaa i/aaeaeia.

132. Iniaaiiinoe aiaoiayeiiiie/aneeo naycae ?inneeneie oe?iu.

Ai aiaoiayeiiiie/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe ?inneeneea i?aaei?eyoee e
i?aaiecaoeee eniieuecotho iniiaiua oi?iu iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo ?an/aoia,
neiaeeaoeany a ie?iaie oi?aiaea. Yoi eieanni e aee?aaeeoea, aaainu e
ioe?uoue n/ao, eioi?ua oe?iu ?acaeouo e ?acaeaathueony no?ai i?eiaiytho
ai acaeiiuo ?an/aoao. *oi eanaaony oaoieee ia?aaiaea n?aaenoa ec no?aiu
a no?aio, oi eniieuecothony aaieianeea, oaeaa?aoiua e ii/oiaua
ia?aaiaeu, ?an/aou /aeaie e aaenaeyie.

Iniiaiia ianoi ai aiaoiae oi?aiaea ?O (ie. 85%) caieiaao eieanniaay e
aee?aaeeoeaiay oi?iu ?an/aoia. Iie i?eiaiythony e i?e i?iaeaaea oiaa?ia
ca iaee/iua, e i?e eo iinoaaea a e?aaeeo.

?inneeneea o/anoieee AYAe aeieaeiu o/eouaaoue, /oi ai aiaoiae oi?aiaea
eo ia?oia?aie aunooiatho /anoiua oe?iu, ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoue eioi?uo
ii?aaeaeyaony ia oieueei nieeaeiinoueth e aeia?iniaanoiinoueth, ii e
eciaiaieyie eiiuthieoo?u ?uiea, oooaeoaieai oeiainiaiai iieiaeaiey
iiiaeo no?ai – auaoeo aaaeoueo oi?aiauo ia?oia?ia NNN?,
ianoaaeeueiinoueth iieeoe/aneie ianoaiiaee. Enoaoe, yoi aeaaii
o/eouaatho ca?oaaaeiua ia?oia?u ?inneeneeo i?aaiecaoeee, aaiaey ai
aiaoiaoi?aiaua eiio?aeou e?aeia iaaeaaii?eyoiua aeey ?inneeneie noi?iiu
oneiaey ieaoaaea.

Aio ii/aio ?inneeneea yenii?oa?u aeieaeiu i?aaeoniao?eaaoue ai
aiaoiaoi?aiauo eiio?aeoao ia?u i?ioea ?eneia iaieaoaaea a neo/aa
aaie?ionoaa eee aaaaeaiey aaethoiuo ia?aie/aiee a no?aia ia?oia?a,
i?ioea caaea?aeee ieaoaaea, oae noi?ioee?iaaoue oneiaey ieaoaaea, /oiau
iaania/eoue aieaa auno?ia iinooieaiea aaethoiie au?o/ee, nieceoue
?anoiaeu, naycaiiua n i?eiaiaieai oie eee eiie oi?iu ?an/aoia.
?inneeneea eiii?oa?u, ni naiae noi?iiu, aeieaeiu no?aieoueny oneiaeyie
ieaoaaea iaania/eaaoue naiaa?aiaiiia iieo/aiea oiaa?a oiai ea/anoaa e
eiee/anoaa, eioi?ia i?aaeoniio?aii a eiio?aeoa.

138. Iniiaiua yeaiaiou ia?eaoeiaiaie no?aoaaee.

Ia?eaoeiaiaay no?aoaaey(IN) oi?ie?oaony ia iniiaa aiaeeca ?uii/iie
neooaoeee.

IN – yoi eiiieaen i?eaiia, n iiiiuueth eioi?uo i?aaei?eyoea oi?ie?oao
oeaee ia?eaoeiaa e i?aaiecoao ?aaeecaoeeth yoeo oeaeae ia ?uiea.

Au?aaioea IN – aeaaiay caaea/a ooieoeeiie?iaaiey ia?eaoeiaiaiai
iaoaiecia.

Yeaiaiou ia?eaoeiaa:

1. I?iaeoeo,

2. Oeaia,

3. I?iaeaeaeaiea i?iaeoeoeee,

4. Aeinoaaea iio?aaeoaeyi.

O?aaiaaiey e IN:

1. ?aaeeci,

2. Aeueoa?iaoeaiinoue auai?a,

3. *aoeinoue, yniinoue, iiiyoiinoue,

4. Aeaeinoue,

5. A?aiaiiay ii?aaeaeaiiinoue(aeieai/e?aoein?i/iay).

Iniiaiua yeaiaiou ia?eaoeiaiaie no?aoaaee:

1. Oi?ioee?iaaiea oeaeae oe?iu (iiae?acoieaaao au?aaioeo i?eioeeiia
naiaai aeaeueiaeoaai ?acaeoey, ii?aaeaeaiey ianoa ia ?uiea);

2. Ii?aaeaeaiea iioaioeeaeueiuo iio?aaeoaeae;

3. I?aaiecaoeey i?iecaiaenoaa, i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai i?ioeanna;

4. ?ac?aaioea iaoiaeia aeinoaaee i?iaeoeoa iieoiaoaeyi;

5. Eiio?ieue e aiaeec i?iecaaaeaiiuo ia?ii?eyoee.

139. Eioi?iaoeey a ia?eaoeiaa: ?inneeneay i?aeoeea.

A iaoae no?aia ia i?ioyaeaiee iiiaeo eao ooieoeeiie?iaaea nenoaia
eco/aiey eiiuthieoo?u ?uiea, i?aaiecaoeeiiii i?eaeaiiay Ieienoa?noao
oi?aiaee NNN?.

A iineaaeiea eao aeanyoue aiaeiae/iua iiae?acaeaeaiey iiyaeeenue e a
i?iiuoeaiiinoe – io?aneaaua, e ia i?aaei?eyoeyo – iauaaeeiaiiua n
?aeeaiiui ioaeaeii. Iaeiaei eco/aiea ni?ina eiaao aanueia eiie?aoioth
iai?aaeaiiinoue: iii i?aaeiacia/aii aeey ?aoaiey nauoiauo i?aeai.
Caaea/e aea ii enneaaeiaaieth ioaeae e iio?aaiinoae ianaeaiey ia?aae
oaeeie neoaeaaie ?aiaa ia noaaeeenue.

Aua iaiueoa eioi?iaoeeiiiua caaeaeu o i?iecaiaeeoaeae oiaa?ia
i?iiuoeaiiiai ia\acia/aiey, iineieueeo caeanue aeieaia a?aiy
nio?aiyeenue aee?aeoeaiua ioiioaiey ?ani?aaeaeaiey. Eeuue i?e nie?auaiee
aincaeacia ia?aoeeenue iie e ?aeeaia, ii iiyoue iia aeaenoaiaaea eeoue
eae ?aeeaia oaea i?iecaaaeaiiie i?iaeoeoeee.

Aeey ?aoaiey aeaiiie i?iaeaiu – i?iaeaiu nai?a e ia?aaioee eioi?iaoeee –
i?aaenoaaeyaony oeaeaniia?aciui ia?ano?ieoue ?aaioo eiathueony
iao/ii-enneaaeiaaoaeueneeo o/?aaeaeaiee, ?anoe?eoue nio?oaeie/anoai n
eiiia?aoeaaie, i?aaeeaaathueie eioi?iaoeeiiiia ianeoaeeaaiea, nicaeaoue
iaaeio?aneaaua aaiee aeaiiuo. Iniiao, iaeiaei, aeieaeiu ninoaaeoue
niaoeeaeenou-ia?eaoieiae – aunieieaaeeoeoee?iaaiiua i?oanneiiaeu –
iiiaeanoai eioi?uo auei auiouaii a aeeciue. Oaeaea ia?iiiia cia/aiea
i?eaeaaony eiinaeoeiaiaui neoaeaai, a oii /enea e ca?oaaaeiui.

Aeeao 23.

18. Ieaie?iaaiea no?aoaaee ia?eaoeiaa.

No?aoaaey e oaeoeea I. ?aaeecoaony /a?ac niioaaonoaothuea i?ia?aiiu e
ieaiu, eioi?ua ?acee/athony ii:

1. i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoe (e?aoein?i/iua aei 1 aiaea, n?aaeian?i/iua io 1
aei 5, aeieain?i/iua > 5 eao),

3. iaoiaeo ?ac?aaioee (naa?oo aiec, o.a. ?oeiaiaenoai oe?iu
?ac?aaaouaaao eiio?ieueiua oeeo?u aoaeothuaai ieaia aeayoaeueiinoe
oe?iu; nieco aaa?o, o.a. ?ac?aaioea io nio?oaeieeia).

Ieaie?iaaiea I. aeeth/aao a naay neaaeouea yoaiu:

3. cao?aou ia I., ?ac?aaioea niaou ?anoiaeia;

4. eiio?ieue I. e yooaeoeaiinoue I. aeayoaeueiinoe.

49. Aeaeu oeaiiaie iieeoeee.

No?aoaaey i?aaei?eyoey a /anoe oeai yaeyaony aeayoaeueiinoueth, eioi?ay
naycaia n iai?a?uaiui i?ioeannii ei??aeoe?iaaiey. No?aoaaeth
oeaiiia?aciaaiey iaiaoiaeeii ia?aniao?eaaoue:

1. Eiaaea nicaeaaony iiaay i?iaeoeoeey.

2. Eiaaea i?iaeoeoeey nia?oainoaoaony.

3. Eiaaea iaiyaony eiieo?aioiay n?aaea ia ?uiea.

4. Eiaaea oiaa? i?ioiaeeo ?aciua noaaeee aeeciaiiiai oeeeea.

5. Eiaaea iaiythony ecaea?aeee i?iecaiaenoaa.

?ac?aaioeo oeaiiaie no?aoaaee ineiaeiyao:

1. Iaiaoiaeeiinoue /anoie niaiu oeai.

2. O?oaeiinoue iauynieoue iieoiaoaeyi i?e/eio eciaiaiey oeai.

3. I?eiyoea ?aoaiey i oeaiiaie iieeoeee aac aeaoaeueiiai eco/aiey
?uii/iie neooaoeee.

4. Yeanoe/iue ni?in.

5. I?iaeaiu oe?iu, naycaiiua n eciaiaieai caeiiiaeaoaeueiie aacu
oeaiiia?aciaaiey.

Aa?eiou no?aoaaee oeai:

1. I?eaioaoeey ia oaeouaa iieiaeaiea.

I?eaiu oeaiiia?aciaaiey:

a) No?aoaaey aeaeeo oeai.

a) No?aoaaey iaie?oaeaiiuo oeai:

10,1 – iai?aaeeueiay oeaia,

9,98 – i?aaeeueiay oeaia. Oeeo?u 9 e 8 eiatho ineoieiae/aneia aeaenoaea;

a) No?aoaaey eueaioiuo oeai:

– i?iaeaaea a ?ann?i/eo,

– neeaeea ca ?aaoey?iinoue iieoiee,

– neeaeea a nayce n i?acaeieeii.

2. I?eaioaoeey ia nauo.

2.1. Nauoue eae iiaeii aieueoa.

2.2. Iieo/aiea max niaieoiiie i?eauee io oaaee/aiey iauaia i?iaeaae.

2.3. Nie?auaiea ecaea?aeae i?e aieueoii iauaia ?aaeecaoeee.

I?eaiu oeaiiia?aciaaiey.

3. I?eaioaoeey ia i?eaueue.

Max-oeey i?eauee.

3.1. Iieo/aiea max i?eauee ca ei?ioeee n?ie, a iioii cae?uoea oe?iu.

3.2. Ieaie?iaaiea aeayoaeueiinoe oe?iu n max i?eaueueth ia aeeeoaeueiue
ia?eiae a?aiaie.

Ie?iaay oeaia – iaeaieaa yooaeoeaiay oeaia, o.e. iia iaeaieaa iieii
ioaa/aao iauanoaaiii iaiaoiaeeiui cao?aoai o?oaea, iaiaoiaeeiui aeey aa
i?iecaiaenoaa. Iia iauaeoeaia.

66. Iaaeee-?eeaeoic.

(eaeoeee:)

Eaiaeu aeiaaaeaiey eioi?iaoeee aei ianniaie ioaeeee.

Iniiaiua ia?ii?eyoey public relations:

1. I?aaiecaoeey a?eoeiaia e i?ann-eiioa?aioeee

2. I?acaioaoeee.

3. Ioaeeeaoeey iaeiiia?/aneeo noaoae, iiaeaioiaea oaeaoeeueiia e eo
iieac.

4. THaeeaeiua ia?ii?eyoey.

5. Aeaaioai?eoaeueiay aeayoaeueiinoue a iieueco ioaeaeueiuo eeoe e
i?aaiecaoeee.

6. Ecaeaiea ia?aeeaiiuo oe?iaiiuo aeo?iaeia e atheeaoaiae.

7. Ioaeeeaoeee a ioe?uoie ia/aoe io/aoia i eiiia?/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe
oe?iu eee aaiea.

71. Iniaaiiinoe nauoiaie iieeoeee ?inneeneeo eiiiaiee.

I?aaeaea anaai iaiaoiaeeii iaiai?eoue, i iieeoeea ia eieii ?uiea eaeao
?a/ue – ia aioo?e?inneeneii eee ia ca?oaaaeiii. Aioo?e no?aiu a oeaeii
iiaeii auaeaeeoue ianeieueei oaiaeaioeee:

– neaaay na?aeniay naoue,

– a iaeanoe ?aeeaiu – iiiuoee iaoaie/aneiai eiie?iaaiey ca?oaaaeiuo
ia?acoeia,

– ia/aoeia naaiaioe?iaaiea ?uiea,

– ionoonoaea aeieaeiiai iiuoa a iiceoeeiie?iaaiee oiaa?ia,

– eaeouay ec niaaoneie i?aeoeee i?eaioaoeey i?e oeaiiia?aciaaiee ia
oi?ioeo “cao?aou + ii?ia i?eauee”, a ia ia ia?eaoeia.

Ca ?oaaaeii oaeaea anoue iniaaiiinoe:

– aeaeaiea iiaeaea?aeaoue naith aeeea?neoth naoue aei auoiaea ia ?uiie
iiauo oiaa?ia ca n/ao iinoaaie noa?uo ii caieaeaiiui oeaiai (y?eee
i?eia? oiio – AAC),

– iaaeinoaoi/ii oe?ieia nio?oaeie/anoai n ianoiuie ia?eaoeiaiauie
eiiiaieyie,

– aioiaiinoue aaeaioe?iaaoue naie oiaa? e ian?aaiaiii aieaa oceei
naaiaioai ?uiea, /ai a ?innee,

– aieaa ea/anoaaiiue na?aen, aieueoea aa?aioee ii n?aaiaieth n ?inneae,

– eiiaaea – i?eieoeaiue aeaiieia eae ia?aaeeoie nioeeaeenoe/aneeo
niiniaia oi?aiaee.

117. Yeiiiie/aneay yooaeoeaiinoue ia?eaoeiaa.

Aeey aiaeeca yeiiiie/aneie yooaeoeaiinoe ia?eaoeiaa iiaeii i?aaeeiaeeoue
neaaeothuea iieacaoaee:

1. cao?aou ia ia?eaoeia / /enoay i?eaueue;

2. eiee/anoai (noieiinoue iieo/aiiuo caeacia) / /enei eeeaioia;

3. aioiaua oiaa?u ia neeaaea / iai?io;

4. iieo/aiiua caeacu / iai?io;

5. iai?io / /enei nio?oaeieeia;

6. iai?io / /enei eeeaioia;

7. noiia ?aeeaiiuo cao?ao / iai?io;

8. noiia ?aeeaiiuo cao?ao / /enoay i?eaueue.

133. ?aeeaia a ia?eaoeiaa: ?inneeneay i?aeoeea.

?aeeaiiay aeayoaeueiinoue anoue aeayoaeueiinoue ii iciaeiieaieth
iio?aaeoaeae n i?iecaiaeeiuie e i?iaeaaaaiuie oiaa?aie, ii nicaeaieth
iniaie aoiinoa?u aeaaiaeaeaoaeueiinoe ni noi?iiu iioaioeeaeueiuo
iieoiaoaeae oiaa?ia, ii iiceoeaiiio auaeaeaieth ii?aaeaeaiiuo aauae e
oneoa ec anaai oiaa?iiai ie?a.

Auaeaeyaony ianeieueei aeaeia ?aeeaiu. ?aeeaiiua iauyaeaiey iiaoo
iiiauaoueny a aacaoao e aeo?iaeao, ia/aoaoueny ia niaoeeaeueiuo eenoeao,
ia?aaeaaaoueny ii ?aaeei e oaeaaeaeaieth, ?aciauaoueny ia ?aeeaiiuo
ueoao.

Aeey ?innee oa?aeoa?ai, iiaeaeoe, iaaeaaii “oeuioaoee” “iioie ?aeeaiu”
ii oaeaaeaeaieth, eioi?ay ia?aa?oaeaao ?aeeaiiie eioi?iaoeeae yoe?, /oi
nieaeaao aini?eieiaaiinoue aoaeeoi?ee. Iaiaeiaaaeii e ea/anoai ?aeeaiiuo
iauyaeaiee, – ieioi iiaeaiiay eioi?iaoeey ia oieueei ia niinianoaoao
i?eaea/aieth aieiaiey e aeaiiiio oiaa?o, ii iaiai?io, aeaenoaoao
io?eoeaoaeueii, iooaeeeaathua.

Oaeiau, iai?eia?, “aeueyaieueneea” ?aeeaiiua iionu ioa/anoaaiiiai
oaeaaeaeaiey, nicaeathuea aia/aoeaiea, /oi ca ?aeeaiie noiyo ia
aeia?iaeaeaoaeueiua i?iecaiaenoaaiiua e oi?aiaua oe?iu, a eaeea-oi
“oaiiua neeu”, ianeaaeaeathueany aici?aeiinoueth “iiuaeioaoue ia?au” o
“iauaaoaey”.

Eioa?aniui e ioiineoaeueii iiaui ?aeeaiiui ecia?aoaieai yaeyaony
eniieueciaaiea ?aciiia?aciuo oaeaaeceiiiuo ia?aaea/, ia ia?aue acaeyae
ia noaayueo ?aeeaiiuo oeaeae (“Iiea /oaean”, oaeaaeeoi?eia”N/anoeeaue
neo/ae”) ?aciiia?aciuo eiieo?nia.

Iaaac?acee/ia aeey aoaeeoi?ee e caoeiaay eioiiaoeey ?aeeaiu. A nayce n
yoei /anoi eniieuecoaony ianaiea e iaeiaeey, eioi?ay iioii
annioeee?oaony n aeaiiui oiaa?ii. Iaoiaeii, iniiaaiiui ia eioiiaoeeiiiii
ociaaaiee, iieuecoaony Eieiiaaie.

Iiea a iaoae no?aia ionoonoaoao oaeie ?aeeaiiue iaoiae, eae nicaeaiea
ii?aaeaeaiiiai neiaiee/aneiai ia?niiaaea, ieeoeaoai?ythuaai aeaiiue
oiaa?, oioy ia Caiaaea ii eniieuecoaony aeiaieueii oe?iei.

Iaaei ioiaoeoue, /oi a ianoiyuaa a?aiy iaeaieaa aeinooiiie oi?iie
iiiauaiey ?aeeaiu a iaoae no?aia yaeythony ia/aoiua ecaeaiey.

Aeeao 24.

6. Iniaaiiinoe ia?eaoeiaa ia ?inneeneii ?uiea.

A yiaa?a 1995 aiaea nicaeaia ?inneeneay annioeeaoeey ia?eaoeiaa.

Oneiaey aicieeiiaaiey ia?eaoeiaa a ?innee:

1. Ii?aaeaeaiiue o?iaaiue nioeeaeueii- yeiiiie/aneiai ?acaeoey.

2. Aiciiaeiinoue auno?iai eciaiaiey anni?oeiaioa i?iaeoeoeee aeey
aeinoeaeaiey ?aaiiaaney ni?ina e i?aaeeaaeaiey.

3. Nicaeaiea i?aaeiinueie aeey i?aaiecaoeee nenoaiu aioo?aiieo naycae.

Iio?aaiinoue a ia?eaoieiaee aic?anea a 5-6 ?ac, /oi yaeyaony naiui
auno?ui ec ecaanoiuo oaiiia ?inoa.

1) Ia?eaoeia aaaeoueo oe?i ni?eaioe?iaai ia aiaaouo iieoiaoaeae.

2) Iniaia ioiioaiea e eiino?aioeai, aeene?eieiaoeey ioa/anoaaiiuo
iieoiaoaeae.

3) ss?ei au?aaeaiiue e?eieiaeueiue iooaiie ia?eaoeiaa. I?e/eiu:

– iaaeinoaoie eiieo?aioeee;

– i?iaeaia oiaa?iaeaeaeaiey – /?acau/aeii aieueoea ?annoiyiey e aeeeiiay
oeaiue iin?aaeieeia (aei 30% io oeaiu),

– i?e eaaeaeie ia?ai?iaeaaea a oeaio caeeaaeuaaaony aunieay ii?ia
i?eauee aneaaenoaea aunieeo ?eneia a iaoae no?aia,

– aunieay noieiinoue iaaeaeaeeiinoe e a?aiaeu.

25. Aeaeu ?uieia. No?oeoo?a ?uieia a ?innee.

A caaeneiinoe io oa?aeoa?a iauaeoa oiaa?iiai iaiaia auaeaeytho
neaaeothuea ?uiee:

– oiaa?ia ia?iaeiiai iio?aaeaiey,

– i?iiuoeaiiie i?iaeoeoeee e n?aaenoa i?iecaiaenoaa,

– oneoa,

– eaieoaeia.

?uiee ii ninoiyieth:

1) Iieoiaoaey – ninoiyiea ?uiea ia eioi?ii i?aaeeiaeaiea i?aauoaao
ni?in.

Ioee/ey oaeiai ?uiea:

– aieueoia anni?oeiaioiia iiiaiia?acea i?aaeeaaaaiuo oiaa?ia,

– onoie/eaua iauaiu e ianooaau i?iecaiaenoaa yoeo oiaa?ia,

– i?aaei?eyoey /aoei ?aaae?otho ia eciaiaiey ni?ina iieoiaoaeae,

– aunieee o?iaaiue eiieo?aioeee.

2) I?iaeaaoea – ninoiyiea ?uiea, ia eioi?ii ni?in nouanoaaiii i?aauoaao
i?aaeeiaeaiea.

Oa?-ea ?uiea:

– neoaeiue anni?oeiaio oiaa?ia,

– ………. iauaiu e ianooaau i?-aa,

– iieiia ionoonoaea eiieo?aioeee.

4) ?aaoee?oaiua – ?uiee, iiaeiaaeathuea iiae aeaenoaea oiaa?iuo
niaeaoaiee, a oaeaea ain. ii?iaoeaiuo aeoia, iai?aaeaiiuo ia eo
noaaeeecaoeeth.

74. Iauay no?oeoo?a i?ia?aiiu ia?eaoeia-ieen.

Ia?eaoeia-ieen (eiiieaeniue, eieaaethueeny ia?eaoeia) – eiiaeiaoeey
?acee/iuo eino?oiaioia aeey i?iaaaeaiey ia?eaoeiaiaie aeayoaeueiinoe.

Iniiaiua eino?oiaiou i?iaaaeaiey ia?eaoeiaiaie aeayoaeueiinoe:

1) Oiaa?iay e anni?oeiaioiay iieeoeea,

2) Iieeoeea oeai e oneiaee i?iaeaae,

3) ?ani?aaeaeeoaeueiay iieeoeea e iieeoeea i?eaea/aiey iieoiaoaeae,

4) Iieeoeea eiiioieeaoeee (?aeeaia, ia?niiaeueiua i?iaeaaee).

Iniiaiua o-ee i?ia?aiiu ia?eaoeia-ieen:

1) Oaycea iaaeaeo niaie ?acee/iuo yeaiaioia ia?eaoeiaiaiai iaoaiecia,

2) Iioeiecaoeey e eiiaeiaoeey yoeo yeaiaioia,

3) I?iaaaeaiea ia?eaoeiaiauo ia?ii?eyoee ai a?aiaiiie
iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe.

I?eioeeiu ioeaiee:

Ni/aoaiea ?acee/iuo eino?oiaioia aeieaeii auoue oaeei, /oiau aeinoe/ue:

1) Eo iioeiaeueiiai aicaeaenoaey ia oei.-oic. aeayoaeueiinoue,

2) Iaiaeiaeaiea ae?oa ia ae?oaa,

3) Ia?eaoeiaiaiai yooaeoa.

81. ?ieue eioi?iaoeee a ia?eaoeiaa.

A ninoaa ia?eaoeiaiaie eioi?iaoeee aoiaeeo 4 aniiiiaaoaeueiua nenoaiu:

2) Nenoaia, i?aaeiacia/aiiay aeey nai?a aiaoiae oaeouae eioi?iaoeee,
i?aaeinoaaeyao ?oeiaiaeeoaeyi ia?eaoeiaiauo neoaea iianaaeiaaioth
eioi?iaoeeth i niauoeyo, i?ienoiaeyueo a eiiia?/aneie n?aaea.

3) Ia?eaoeiaiaua enneaaeiaaiey, oeaeueth eioi?uo yaeyaony iaania/aiea
nai?a eioi?iaoeee, aeooaeueiie n oi/ee c?aiey noiyuae ia?aae oe?iie
eiie?aoiie ia?eaoeiaiaie i?iaeaiu.

Eioi?iaoeey a eiio?ieeeiaa.

101. Iniaaiiinoe ?aeeaiiiai aeaea a ?innee.

1) Aioo?enaeiiiay,

2) ?aciauaaiay ia ia?oaeiie iiaa?oiinoe o?ainii?oiuo n?aaenoa,

3) ?aciauaaiay ia noaioeeyo iauanoaaiiiai o?ainii?oa e aie?oa ieo.

A ?inneeneie i?aeoeea iiiaei ?aeeaiiui iauyaeaieyi naienoaaiii i?inoi
neiaineiaea ii aae?ano ii?aaeaeaiiuo oiaa?ia e oneoa, ii?ie aiaie/iua
eiiaeiaoeee aei eciaiiaeaiey caoaneaiiuo neia.

(aeaeaa ni. 238-243 “Aaieianeee ia?eaoeia” Y.A. Ooeei)

108. Iieeoeea i?eaea/aiey eiino?aiiiai eaieoaea a ?inneeneoth yeiiiieeo.

Aeey i?eaea/aiey aeii. iao. e o-?ano?nia, ia?aaeiauo oaoiieiaee e
oi?aaeai/aneiai iiuoa i?aaei?eyoea iiaeao i?eaaaiooue e ei-eiaanoeoeeyi.

Ei-eiaanoeoeee ia oa??eoi?ee ?O iiaoo aeeaaeuaaoueny a ethaua iauaeou,
ia cai?auaiiua aeey oaeeo eiaanoeoeee caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii.

Ana aea i?aa-ai iaeeaeaao ( aeiee ei-eiaanoeoeee a iauai iauaia
eaiaeiaeaiee n 3,3% a 1995 aiaeo aei 5,2% a 1997 aiaeo.

Aeeao 25.

7. Oeaee ia?eaoeiaa.

Oeaeyie ia?eaoeiaa yaeythony:

1) eiee/anoaaiiua – oaaee/aiea iauaia i?iaeaae, iai?ioa, i?eauee, aeiee
?uiea,

2) ea/anoaaiiua – nicaeaiea aeaaii?eyoiiai eieaeaea oiaa?o, iinoiyiiia
iaiiaeaiea anni?oeiaioa i?iaeoeoeee, iaania/aiea aeieain?i/iiai nauoa
i?iaeoeoeee.

I?ei?eoaoiua oeaee.

I?iecaiaenoai:

1. i?e?ino i?eauee

2. ?ac?aaioea iiaie i?iaeoeoeee

3. a?aiioiia oeaiiia?aciaaiea

Oneoae:

1. i?e?ino i?eauee

2. aeoeaiay, ianooiaoaeueiay ?aeeaiiay aeayoaeueiinoue

3. o?iaaiue OINNOEN (oi?ie?iaaiea ni?ina e noeioee?iaaiea nauoa)

15. Nouiinoue ia?eaoeiaiaie no?aoaaee.

Ia?eaoeiaiaay no?aoaaey oi?ie?oaony ia iniiaa aiaeeca ?uii/iie
neooaoeee.

1. Oiaa?.

2. Oeaia.

3. I?iaeaeaeaiea oiaa?a.

4. Aeinoaaea oiaa?a iio?aaeoaeth (nauo).

O?aaiaaiey e ia?eaoeiaiaie no?aoaaee: ?aaeeci, Aeueoa?iaoeaiinoue auai?a
aeaenoaee, *aoeinoue, Aeaeinoue, A?aiaiiay ii?aaeaeaiiinoue (e?aoei,
n?aaeia e aeieain?i/iua oeaee).

35. Ii?aaeaeaiea “aieinoe ?uiea”.

A caaea/e i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai enneaaeiaaiey ?uiea aoiaeyo:

1. Auai? ?uieia, aaea aiciiaeai iaeneiaeueiue nauo;

2. Iieo/aiea eioi?iaoeee i aieinoe ?uiea.

Aieinoue – niiniaiinoue ?uiea iiaeioeoue ii?aaeaeaiiia eiee/anoai oiaa?i
a ii?aaeaeaiiia a?aiy.

Nthaea aeeth/athony oaeea iieacaoaee, eae:

– ii?aaeaeaiea eiee/anoaa eiieo?aioia,

– ii?aaeaeaiea aeiee eiieo?eioia ia ?uiea,

– ii?aaeaeaiea io?aneae eee i?aaei?eyoee, yaeythueony iaeaieaa e?oiiuie
io?aaeoaeyie,

– ii?aaeaeaiea no?oeoo?u iio?aaeaiey oiaa?ia ia?aie / ia ia?aie
iaiaoiaeeiinoe,

– ii?aaeaeaiea ?acia?ia i?iecaaaenoaaiiiai no?ieoaeuenoaa e eciaiaiey a
no?oeoo?a iio?aaeaiey.

Yoe iieacaoaee iiiiaatho noaeeoue i oeaeaniia?aciinoe i?iieeiiaaiey ia
iiaee ?uiie, i i?aaeiieaaaaiuo cao?aoao e ianooaaao aeayoaeueiinoe, i
iioaioeeaeueiuo eeeaioao.

3. Eiioeaio?aoeey ?ano?nia ia ia?niaeoeaiii ?uiea.

47. Oeaia eae oa?aeoa? oiaa?a.

A oeaia io?aaeaaony:

1. Aeeiaieea cao?ao.

2. Iieacaoaee ?acoeueoaoia o?oaea.

3. Oaiiu eioeyoeee.

4. Niioiioaiea ni?ina e i?aaeeiaeaiey.

5. Noaiaiue iiiiiieecaoeee ?uiea.

I?aaeeueiia ii?aaeaeaiea oeaiu ii?aaeaeyao:

1. ?aioaaeeueiinoue i?iecaiaenoaa.

2. Eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoue oe?iu.

3. Noaaeeueiinoue oe?iu ia ?uiea.

Ei??aeoe?iaea oeaiu o?aaoaony:

1. I?e ?ac?aaioea iiaiai oiaa?a.

2. I?e eniieueciaaiee iiauo eaiaeia nauoa.

3. I?e auoiaea n oiaa?ii ia iiaue ?uiie.

4. I?e eciaiaiee ecaea?aeae i?iecaiaenoaa.

Iniiaiie ninoaaeythuae oeaiu yaeyaony n/n. No?oeoo?a n/n:

1. Nu?uea e iaoa?eaeu.

2. Oiieeai e yia?aey ia oaoiieiae/aneea oeaee (yia?aicao?aou).

3. Ca?aaioiay ieaoa (aei 50% a ?acaeouo no?aiao).

4. Io/oneaiey ia nioeeaeueiia no?aoiaaiea.

5. ?anoiaeu ia niaea?aeaiea e yenieoaoaoeeth iai?oaeiaaiey:

– cao?aou ia aii?oecaoeeth,

– cao?aou ia oaeouee ?aiiio,

– cao?aou ia niaea?aeaiea.

6. Oeaoiaua ?anoiaeu:

– cao?aou ia oaeouee ?aiiio e niaea?aeaiea caeaiee e nii?oaeaiee,

– aii?oecaoeey caeaiee,

– niaea?aeaiea oeaoiaiai ia?niiaea.

7. Iauacaaiaeneea ?anoiaeu:

– ia aaeieieno?aoeaii-oi?aaeai/aneee ia?niiae.

8. Aiai?iecaiaenoaaiiua ?anoiaeu:

– noaiaea?oecaoeey,

– oaoie/aneay i?iiaaaiaea.

Eiiaaea aiaoiea yeaiaiou nouanoaaiii aeeytho ia niiniaiinoue oe?iu
onoaiaaeeaaoue oeaiu; a ae?oaeo neo/ayo iie ieacuaatho iaaieueoia
aicaeaenoaea.

62.I?aaiecaoeey na?aena e iineai?iaeaaeiiai ianeoaeeaaiey.

103. Cia/aiea aiaoieo ?uieia aeey ?innee.

Aeeao 26.

21. Iniaaiiinoe ia?eaoeiaiaie no?aoaaee ia ?inneeneeo oe?iao.

Oaeei ia?acii, iu aeaeei, /oi no?aoaaey ia?eaoeiaa ii?aaeaeyaony enoiaey
ec oeaeae e caaea/ oe?iu.

A ianoiyuee iiiaio a ?innee iiaeii auaeaeeoue ianeieueei i?eioeeieaeueii
?aciuo iiceoeee ?inneeneeo oe?i.

– iiene iiaie eee aeeaa?neoeoee?iaaiiie i?iaeoeoeee aeey iinoiyiiuo
caeac/eeia, iio?aaeoaeae – /oi iiaeii naeaeaoue, /oi ioaeii naeaeaoue;

– ia?aniio? no?oeoo?u i?aaei?eyoey – oae?aiea eeoieo caaiueaa;

– caaeaaoue ii?aaeaeaiioth ieoo ia ?uiea.

24. Eiiieaeniia enneaaeiaaiea ?uiea.

Aeai?eoi ia?eaoeiaiaiai enneaaeiaaiey aeeth/aao:

– Ii?aaeaeiea i?iaeaiu,

– Aiaeec aoi?e/iie e ia?ae/iie eioi?iaoeee,

– Aiaeec iieo/aiiuo aeaiiuo,

– Au?aaioea niioaaonoothueo ?aeiiaiaeaoeee,

– Eniieueciaaiea iieo/aiiuo ?acoeueoaoia,

– ?aaeecaoeey ?aeiiaiaeaoeee.

Iniaaiiinoe ia?eaoeiaiaiai enneaaeiaaiey:

– Iinoiyinoai e nenoaiaoe/iinoue,

– Eiiieaeniinoue, o.a. aeeth/aiea a iaai nai?a, ?aaeno?aoeee e aiaeeca,

– Iiiaeanoaaiiinoue enoi/ieeia eioi?iaoeee,

– Oieaa?naeueiinoue, o.a. i?eiaieiinoue ethaie ninoaaiie /anoe
ia?eaoeiaa.

?acoeueoaou ia?eaoeiaiauo enneaaeiaaiee eniieuecothony iaiaaeaea?aie n
oeaeueth oiaiueoaiey iaii?aaeaeaiiinoe e ?enea i?e i?eiyoee
oi?aaeai/aneeo ?aoaiee.

Noa?u e aeaeu ia?eaoeiaiauo enneaaeiaaiee:

?aeeaia:

– enneaaeiaaiea iio?aaeoaeueneeo iioeaaoeee,

– eco/aiea n?aaenoa ?aeeaiu,

– eco/aiea yooaeoeaiinoe ?aeeaiiuo iauyaeaiee,

Nauo e ?uiee:

– aiaeec ?ai?aaeaeaiey aeieae ?uiea iaaeaeo oe?iaie,

– eco/aiea oa?aeoa?enoee ?uiea,

– aiaeec nauoa,

– eco/aiea eaiaeia ?ani?aaeaeaiey,

– eco/aiea no?aoaaee noeioee?iaaiey nauoa,

?ac?aaioea oiaa?ia:

– eco/aiea ?aaeoeee ia iiaue oiaa? e aai iioaioeeaea,

– eco/aiea oiaa?ia eiieo?aioia,

– oanoe?iaaiea oiaa?ia,

Eiiia?/aneay aeayoaeueiinoue e aa yeiiiie/aneee aiaeec:

– e?aoein?i/iia i?iaiice?iaaiea,

– aeieain?i/iia i?iaiice?iaaiea,

– eco/aiea iieeoeee oeai,

– eco/aiea oiaa?iie iiiaieeaoo?u,

– eco/aiea iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo ?uieia.

61. Ii?aaeaeaiea iiceoeeiie?iaaiey.

1) Oe?ia iiaeao iinoaaeoue i?iaeoeoeeth, i?aainoiaeyuoth aiaeia
eiieo?aioa,

2) ?uiie aeinoaoi/ii aaeee, /oiau aianoeoue aeaoo eiieo?aioia,

3) Oe?ia ?aniieaaaao aieueoeie, /ai o eiieo?aioa, ?ano?naie e/eee

4) Eca?aiiay iiceoeey a iaeaieueoae ia?a ioaa/aao iniaaiiinoyi neeueiuo
aeaeiauo noi?ii i?aaiecaoeee.

Aoi?ie iooue – ?ac?aaioaoue a ?aieao aeaiiiai naaiaioa i?iaeoeoeeth,
eioi?ie aua iao ia ?uiea. Ii aeey yoiai iaaei oaaaeeoueny a iaee/ee:

1) Oaoie/aneeo aiciiaeiinoae aeey nicaeaiey i?eaeiaeueiiai i?iaeoeoa,

2) Yeiiiie/aneeo aiciiaeiinoae aeey yoiai,

3) Aeinoaoi/iiai /enea iioaioeeaeueiuo iieoiaoaeae, eiathueo aeaeaiea
i?eia?anoe iiaue oiaa?.

Iinea i?eiyoey ?aoaiey i naiai eiieo?e?othuai iiceoeeiie?iaaiee a
naaiaioa ?uiea oe?ia i?enooiaao e aeaoaeueiiio ieaie?iaaieth eiiieaena
ia?eaoeiaa. Yoi aeeth/aao neaaeothuea yoaiu:

– enneaaeiaaiea iioeaia iieoiaoaeueneiai iiaaaeaiey,

– oi?ie?iaaiea eaeae iiaiai oiaa?a,

– i?iaa?ea e ioai? iiaeoiaeyueo eaeae,

– ?ac?aaioea oaoie/aneiai i?aaeeiaeaiey iiaiai oiaa?a,

– i?iaa?ea oaoie/aneiai i?aaeeiaeaiey,

– aaaeaiea yeiiiie/aneiai aiaeeca,

– ecaioiaeaiea iiuoiiai ia?acoea,

– ecaioiaeaiea iiuoiie ia?oee,

– i?iaiue ia?eaoeia, eioi?ue inouanoaeyaony a ia?aie/aiiua n?iee e ia
aaia?aoe/anee neiioeaio?e?iaaiiii ?uiea,

– ioeaiea ?acoeueoaoia,

– na?eeiia i?-ai,

– eiiia?/aneay ?aaeecaoeey na?eeiie i?iaeoeoeee.

104. Iniiaiua aeaeu ia?eaoeiaa ia aiaoieo ?uieao.

1. Yenii?o:

1) Ia?aaoey?iue. Ianneaiue o?iaaiue aiaea/aiey, eiaaea oe?ia a?aiy io
a?aiaie yenii?oe?oao naie eceeoee e i?iaeaao oiaa?u ianoiui iioiaeeai,
i?aaenoaaeythuei ca?oaaaeiua oe?iu.

2) Aeoeaiue. Oe?ia caaeaaony oeaeueth ?anoe?eoue naie yenii?oiua
iia?aoeee ia eiie?aoiii ?uiea.

Yenii?o:

1) I?yiie. I?iaaaeaiea naiinoiyoaeueiuo iia?aoeee.

2) Einaaiiue. Eniieueciaaiea oneoa iacaaeneiuo iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo
ia?eaoeiaiauo iin?aaeieeia.

a) Aeey oe?i, ia/eiathueo naith yenii?oioth aeayoaeueiinoue,

a) O?aaoaony iaiueoa eaiaeiaeaiee: ia ioaeai nianoaaiiue oi?aiaue
aiia?ao ca ?oaaaeii e ia iaaei iaeaaeeaaoue naoue eiio?aaaioia.

a) Iaiueoa aiciiaeiuo ?eneia.

2. Niaianoiay i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneay aeayoaeueiinoue. Oi?ie?oaony
ia?oia?noai, a ?acoeueoaoa e-ai ca ?oaaaeii nicaeathony o.a. eee eiua
i?iecaiaenoaaiiua iiuiinoe.

Oeiu niaianoiiai i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa:

2) Iiae?yaeiia i?i-ai. Caeeth/aiea eiio?aeoa n ianoiuie i?iecaiaeeoaeyie
ia auione oiaa?a.

3) Oi?aaeaiea ii eiio?aeoo. Oe?ia i?aaeinoaaeyao ca?oaaaeiiio ia?oia?o
“iio-oao” a iaeanoe oi?aaeaiey, a oio iaania/eaaao iaiaoiaeeiue eaieoae.

3. I?yiia eiaanoe?iaaiea.

(104. Iniiaiua oeiu ia?eaoeiaa ia aiaoieo ?uieao.)

Inoaiiaea naie auai? ia eaeii-eeai ?uiea, oe?ia aeieaeia aua?aoue
iaeeo/oee niinia auoiaea ia iaai, o.a. ?aoeoue aii?in i iaoiaeao auoiaea
ia ?uiie (oeia ia?eaoeiaa).

1. Naiui i?inoui niiniaii inouanoaeaiey aeayoaeueiinoe ia ca?oaaaeiii
?uiea yaeyaony yenii?o, n?aaee eioi?iai auaeaeytho:

a) Ia?aaoey?iue yenii?o. Oe?ia a?aiy io a?aiaie i?iaeaao naie eceeoee.

a) Aeoeaiue. Oe?ia caaeaaony oeaeueth ?anoe?eoue naie yenii?oiua
iia?aoeee ia eiie?aoiii ?uiea.

2) Iiae?yaeiia i?iecaiaenoai – caeeth/aiea eiio?aeoa a ianoiuie
i?iecaiaeeoaeyie ia auione oiaa?a;

3. I?yiia eiaanoe?iaaiea

Iiiauaiea eaieoaea a nicaeaiea ca ?oaaaeii nianoaaiiuo i?aaei?eyoee
yaeyaony max iieiie oi?iie aiaea/aiey oe?iu a i/i-aeayoaeueiinoue.
I?eaeaeaoaeueiinoue aeaiiiai iaoiaea:

1) Oe?ia iiaeao nyeiiiieoue aeaiueae ca n/ao aieaa aeaoaaie ?aai/ae
neeu, nu?uey, eueaioiuo oneiaee, ( o?ainii?oiuo ?anoiaeia,

2) Nicaeaaay ?aai/ea ianoa, oe?ia iaania/eaaao naaa aieaa aeaaii?eyoiue
ia?ac,

3) Oe?ia nio?aiyao iieiue eiio?ieue iaae naieie eaieoaeiaeiaeaieyie,

4) O oe?iu onoaiaaeeaathony aieaa aeoaieea ioiioaiey n ainoaea?noaaiiuie
i?aaiaie, eeeaioaie, iinoaaueeaie, /oi aeaao aiciiaeiinoue eo/oa
i?eniiniaeoue naie oiaa?u e ianoiie n?aaea.

Ana yoi i?e iaee/ee iiuoa ?aaiou e aeinoaoi/ii aieueoie aieinoe ?uiea
niiniaii i?eianoe ae cia/eoaeueiua auaiaeu.

125. Iniaaiiinoe ?ac?aaioee ia?eaoeiaiaie no?aoaaee a oe?iao ?innee.

?ac?aaioea ia?eaoeiaiaie no?aoaaee aeeth/aao a naay neaaeothuea
yeaiaiou:

– ii?aaeaeaiea oeaeae i?aaiecaoeee,

– ii?aaeaeaiea oeaeae ia?eaoeiaa,

– aiaeec neooaoeee,

– ii?aaeaeaiea no?aoaaee.

(140. Iniaaiiinoe ?ac?aaioee ia?eaoeiaiaie no?aoaaee a oe?iao ?innee.)

134. Ia?eaoeia a aaieao ?innee.

Iniiaiua ooieoeee ia?eaoeiaa – eco/aiea ni?ina, aii?inia
oeaiiia?aciaaiey, ?aeeaia e ianeoaeeaaiea iio?aaeoaeae. Aeey aaieia
ia?eaoeiaiaua enneaaeiaaiey naiaeyony e:

– onoaiiaeaieth nouanoaothueo e iioaioeeaeueiuo ?uieia aaieianeeo oneoa;

– auai?o eiie?aoiuo ?uieia e onoaiiaeaiee ioaeae caeac/eea;

– eco/aieth ni?ina e i?aaeeiaeaiee ia aaieianeea oneoae a aeaiiii
?aaeiia n ?an/aoii iieiiai iauaia cao?ao (?anoiaeia) ia eo auiieiaiea,
i?aaeiieaaaaiuo e iieo/aieth aeioiaeia e i?eauee;

– e eco/aieth aiciiaeiinoe e iaiaoiaeeiinoe a nicaeaiee oeeeaeia e
iauaia cao?ao ia yoe oeaee, yooaeoeaiinoe ?aaiou n iia?aoeeyie a
eiino?aiiie aaethoa;

– aiaae?aieth iiauo aeaeia oneoa a i?aeoeeo e eiio?ieue aaiea ca
?aaeecaoeeae i?ia?aii aiaae?aiey.

141. AEeciaiiue oeeee aaieianeiai i?iaeoeoa.

AEeciaiiue oeeee oiaa?a eiaao neaaeothuea oacu:

1) Ca?iaeaeaiea, iiyaeaiea ia ?uiea.

2) ?ino i?iaeaae, aiaae?aiea ia ?eiie.

3) Aieueoie o?iaaiue i?iaeaaeue-i?eciaiea oiaa?a, c?aeanoue.

4) Ianuuaiea oiaa?ii ?uiea.

5) Caeao, ieii/aiea aeeciaiiiai oeeeea oiaa?a.

AEeciaiiue oeeee aaieianeiai i?iaeoeoa cia/eoaeueii ioee/aaony io
aeeciaiiiai oeeeea oiaa?a, iineieueeo yoi ia oiaa?, a oneoaa.

Oneoaa – yoi ethaia ia?ii?eyoea eee auaiaea, eioi?ua iaeia noi?iii
iiaeao i?aaeeiaeeoue ae?oaie, eioi?ua a iniiaiii ia inycaaiu e ia
i?eaiaeyo e caaeaaeaieth /ai-eeai.

A ?acoeueoaoa auaeaeythony neaaeothuea /a?ou oneoae:

– iainycaaiinoue (aa iaeuecy iio?iaaoue, iiaeii oieueei iieo/eoue
?acoeueoao);

– iaioaeaeeiinoue io enoi/ieea (inouanoaeyaiue aaieii ia?aaiae aeaiaa ia
ioaeaeei io naiiai aaiea);

– iaiinoiyinoai ea/anoaa (?aciua aaiee iiaoo niaa?oaoue ia?aaiae n
?aciie nei?inoueth);

– ianio?aiyaiinoue (iaaicoiiaeii nio?aieoue no?eaeeo a ia?eoiaea?neie –
aieinu ana ?aaii io?anooo caiiai).

A nayce n auoaneacaiiui iiaeii auaeaeeoue neaaeothuee iiaeoiae e
aeeciaiiiio oeeeeo aaieianeie i?iaeoeoeee:

Oacu oeeeea:

1) Ca?iaeaeaiea oneoae,

2) Iiyaeaiea e ?ino /enea iieoiaoaeae-c?aeinoue. Iai?eia?: aaie ?aoaao
aaanoe iiaoth o naay oneoao-ianeoaeeaaiea iaeeeo eeeaioia. Yoi oaca 1.

Ia oaca 2 eeeaiou aiinyo aeaiiceou, iieo/atho i?ioeaiou, /enei eo
?anoao. Iaeiaei oeaia ia oneoao eae i?aaeei noaaeeueia. Eciaiaiea
eiee/anoaa eeeaioia aucuaaaony aiaoieie oaeoi?aie, o. a.
iauayeiiiie/aneie neooaoeeae e o. ae.

Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi ec-ca niaoeeoeee ai aoi?oth oaco oeeeea
aaieianeiai i?iaeoeoa aeeth/athony oacu 2, 3, 4 iau/iiai i?iaeoeoa, a
oaca 5 aeey iaai aiiaua iaeii?eaieaia, iineieueeo iaoaieci yoio aaie
iiaeao eniieueciaaoue aa/ii.

Aeeao 27.

9. Nenoaiii-oeaeaaie iiaeoiae e ia?eaoeiao.

Nenoaia – iiiaeanoai yeaiaioia I, ia eioi?uo ?aaeecoaony ca?aiaa aeaiiia
ioiioaiea R n oeene?iaaiiuie naienoaaie ?.

Nenoaiiue iiaeoiae – enneaaeiaaiea niiniaa i?aaiecaoeee yeaiaioia
nenoaiu a aaeeiia oeaeia e aicaeaenoaea i?ioeanna ooieoeeiie?iaaiey
nenoaiu a oeaeii ia ioaeaeueiua aa caaiuey.

Ia?eaoeia – yoi nenoaia oi?aaeaiey, i?e eioi?ie a iniiaa i?eiyoey iiaiai
?aoaiey eaaeeo eioi?iaoeey i ?uiea, a i?aaeeueiinoue ?aoaiey i?iaa?yaony
a ?acoeueoaoa ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoeoeee.

Ia?eaoeiaiaay no?aoaaey – eiiieaen i?eioeeiia, n iiiiuueth eioi?uo
i?aaei?eyoea oi?ie?oao oeaee ia?eaoeiaa e i?aaiecoao ?aaeecaoeeth yoeo
oeaeae ia ?uiea.

I?eioeeiu ia?eaoeiaa

1. I?iecaiaenoai i?iaeoeoeee aeieaeii auoue iniiaaii ia oi/iii ciaiee
iio?aaiinoae iio?aaeoaeae, ?uii/iie eiiuthieoo?u e ?aaeueiuo
aiciiaeiinoae i?aaei?eyoey.

2. Iieiia oaeiaeaoai?aiea iio?aaiinoae iieoiaoaey.

3. Yooaeoeaiay ?aaeecaoeey i?iaeoeoeee ia ii?aaeaeaiiuo ?uieao a
caieaie?iaaiiuo iauaiao e iaia/aiiuo n?ieao.

4. Iaania/aiea aeieaia?aiaiiie i?eaueueiinoe
i?iecaiaenoaaiii-oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey.

5. Aaeeinoai no?aoaaee e oaeoeee a oeaeyo aeoeaiie aaeaioaoeee e
iinoiyiii iaiythueiny o?aaiaaieyi iieoiaoaeae i?e iaeiia?aiaiiii
oi?ie?iaaiee e noeioee?iaaiee aai iio?aaiinoae.

Oeaeyie ia?eaoeiaa yaeythony:

1) eiee/anoaaiiua – oaaee/aiea iauaia i?iaeaae, iai?ioa, i?eauee, aeiee
?uiea,

2) ea/anoaaiiua – nicaeaiea aeaaii?eyoiiai eieaeaea oiaa?o, iinoiyiiia
iaiiaeaiea anni?oeiaioa i?iaeoeoeee, iaania/aiea aeieain?i/iiai nauoa
i?iaeoeoeee.

Caaea/e ia?eaoeiaa (auoaeatho ec aai oeaeae):

1) I?aaeinoaaeaiea eioi?iaoeee aeey ?oeiaiaenoaa oe?iu n o/aoii aiaoieo
e aioo?aiieo oneiaee.

2) Ii?aaeaeaiea oeaeae ia?eaoeiaa, enoiaeny ec oeaeae oe?iu.

4) Eco/aiea ia?eaoeiaa a ?aaioa i?aaei?eyoey.

5) Inouanoaeaiea ?uii/iie aeayoaeueiinoe /a?ac: ?ac?aaioeo i?iaeoeoeee;
?aaeecaoeeth i?iaeoeoeee; onoaiiaeaiea oeai; ?aeeaio.

6) Iniiaiay eaeay ia?eaoeiaa – i?eaioaoeey ia eeeaioa.

7) Iinoaaeoue eeeaioa a oeaio? aieiaiey.

8) Eeeaio aaaeiaa aioo?eoe?iaiiuo o?aaiaaiee.

9) ”Eoi ia oi/ao ianeoaeeaaoue, oiio eo/oa noaoue eeeaioii”.

10) Aeey aieaa yoaeoeaiie ?aaiou iaaei nicaeaoue yiieeiiaeueioth naycue
n eeeaioii.

44. Ioeaiea noaiaie iiaeciu oiaa?a.

?ac?aaioea iiaiai oiaa?a aeeth/aao neaaeothuea yoaiu:

1. Enneaaeiaaiea iioeaia iieoiaoaeueneiai iiaaaeaiey.

2. Oi?ioee?iaea eaeae iiaiai oiaa?a.

3. I?iaa?ea e ioai? iiaeoiaeyueo eaeae.

4. ?ac?aaioea oaoie/aneiai i?aaeeiaeaiey iiaiai oiaa?a.

5. I?iaa?ea oaoie/aneiai i?aaeeiaeaiey.

6. I?iaaaeaiea yeiii/aneiai aiaeeca oeaeaniia?aciinoe i?iecaiaenoaa
iiaiai oiaa?a.

7. Ecaioiaeaiea iiuoiiai ia?acoea.

8. Ecaioiaeaiea iiuoiie ia?oee.

9. I?iaiue ia?eaoeia – eco/aiea e aiaeec ?uiea i?e i?iecaiaenoaa iiaiai
oiaa?a, eioi?ue inouanoaeyaony a ia?aie/aiiua n?iee ia aaia?aoe/anee
neiioeaio?e?iaaiiii ?uiea.

10. Ioeaiea ?acoeueoaoia i?iaiiai ia?eaoeiaa.

11. Na?eeiia i?iecaiaenoai.

12. Eiiia?/aneay ?aaeecaoeey na?eeiie i?iaeoeoeee.

Iao?eoea anni?oeiaioiuo a?oii oiaa?ia ?ac?aaaouaaaony aeey ii?aaeaeaiey:

1. Oiaa?a, caieiathuaai aaaeouaa ianoi ia ?uiea.

2. Aeeiaieee ?uieia oe?iu.

3. Ii?aaeaeaiey ninoiyiey yoeo ?uieia (nie?auathony, noaaeeece?othony
eee ?acaeaathony).

Ooiaeaiaio iao?eoeu – i?aaeiieiaeaiea i oii, /ai aieueoa iauai
i?iecaiaenoaa ia ?uiea, oai iaiueoa ioiineoaeueiua ecaea?aeee, oai
aieueoa i?eaueue.

2. Aeieiua ei?iau (aea?aai n cieiouie ieiaeaie). A NOA – 36%. IN:
iiaeaea?aeaiea nouanoaothuaai iieiaeaiey.

I?eia?: no?ieoaeueiue aoi.

3. Iiae?anoathuaa iieieaiea. A NOA – 18%. IN: Eioaineoeeaoeey
ia?eaoeiaa: iiene iiauo ?uieia, iieoiaoaeae, iiauo oeai, eeai ooiae n
?uiea.

I?eia?: aiai?yuee neaiae caaeiaai oiaea.

4. Ian/anoiua (iiaeoua) niaaee, Nooinoie. A NOA – 15%. IN: nie?auaiea
eee i?ae?auaiey i?iecaiaenoaa e i?iaeaaee yoeo oiaa?ia. Ooiae n ?uiea.

I?eia?: aaeioe.

Noaaea i?aaei?eieiaoaeae aeieaeia auoue ia ia?aua o?e a?oiiu. Eaaeaeue
oiaa? aua?aiiie anni?oeiaioiie a?oiiu ioeaieaaaony a oi/ee c?aiey
aeeiaieee.

123. Iniaaiiinoe ia?eaoeiaiaie no?aoaaee ?inneeneeo oe?i.

Iao?eoea aiciiaeiinoae ii oiaa?ai e ?uieai i?aaeoniao?eaaao
eniieueciaaiea /aou?ao no?aoaaee ia?eaoeiaa:

?uiie

noa?ue iiaue

Oiaa? noa?ue oe?aieaiea ia ?uiea ?acaeoea ?uiea

iiaue ?anoe?aiea anni?oeiaioa aeeaa?neoeeaoeey

No?aoaaey auoiaea ia noa?ue ?uiie ni noa?uie oiaa?aie oa?aeoa?ia,
iai?eia?, aeey ?inneeneeo naeueneioicyenoaaiiuo i?aei?eyoee. Iie
noa?thony iooanieoue caiyaoea eeaee?othuaa iieiaeaiea eiii?oiua oiaa?u e
aa?iooue naie oo?a/aiiua iiceoeee, a /ai ei iiiiaaao iieeoeea
i?ioaeoeeiiecia, i?iaiaeeiay ?inneeneei i?aaeoaeuenoaii.

No?aoaaey aeeaa?neoeeaoeee iaeaieaa oa?aeoa?ia aeey ?inneeneeo
eiiaa?neiiiuo i?aaei?eyoee. Iie ia?ai?ioeee?otho naia i?iecaiaenoai e
auoiaeyo n iiauie oiaa?aie ia iai?eau/iua aeey ieo ?uiee.

No?aoaaey ?anoe?aiey anni?oeiaioa oa?aeoa?ia aeey oe?i, auioneathueo
oiaa?u ia?iaeiiai iio?aaeaiey (aoaeei-, aeaeaioaoieeo, noe?aeueiua
iaoeiu, oieiaeeeueieee eo.ae.). Yoe oe?iu aeaaea i?e cia/eoaeueiuo
aeinoeaeaieyo a iaeanoe IEIE?, i?e ?ac?aaioea iiaiai oiaa?a inoathony ia
i?aaeieo ?uieao.

No?aoaaey ?acaeoey ?uiea eniieuecoaony iiiaeie ?inneeneeie aaieaie. Iie
i?aaeinoaaeytho a iniiaiii iinoiyiiue niaeo? oneoa, ii noa?athony
oaaee/eoue naie iai?io ca n/ao i?iieeiiaaiey ia iiaua ?uiee, ioe?uoey
oeeeaeia.

135. Iooe e oi?iu oi?ie?iaaiey eieaeaea aaiea.

Nouanoaoao ianeieueei niiniaia oi?ie?iaaiey eieaeaea aaiea:

– i?iaaaeaiea aa?anneaiie ?aeeaiiie eaiiaiee, iaoeaeaiioth ia nicaeaiea
ii?aaeaeaiiiai eieaeaea aaiea a aeacao iioaioeeaeueiuo aeeaae/eeia.
I?eia?ii iiaeao neoaeeoue ?aeeaiiay eaiiaiey aaiea “Eiia?eae”.

– o.i. “i?yiie ia?eaoeia”. Oeaeueth oaeiai ia?eaoeiaa yaeyaony “nea/ie
aeiaa?ey” a niciaiee iieoiaoaeae. I?yiie ia?eaoeia eniieuecoao oa aea
n?aaenoaa, /oi e iau/iay ?aeeaia, ii anee iia nicaeaao iniaue iaeee
oneoa eee aaiea, oi ia?eaoeia “i?ineo” eeeaioa niaa?oeoue iaiaaeeaiiua
aeaenoaey: iineaoue ii ii/oa eoiii, iaa?aoue iiia? oaeaoiia e o.ae.

– o.i. “oieon-a?oiiu”. Iie iniiaaiu ia ee/iuo eiioaeoao n eeeaioaie:
a?oiia ninoaaeyaony ec 8-10 /ae. eeeaioia aaiea e iaoeaeaiu ia auyniaiea
iiaeaeaiee eeeaioia. Ca o/anoea a a?oiia auiea/eaaaony aiii?a? (ia
a?oiio – 2.5-3 oun.(). Aaiee no?aiyony oaeei ia?acii nicaeaoue
aeaaii?eyoiue eieaeae o ioaeeee. O?aaeeoeeiiiui a yoie iieeoeea yaeyaony
i?iaaaeaiea “aeiae ?acaeoey aeciana”. A yoio aeaiue i?iaiaeeony caao?ae,
eai/ e iaaae, ai a?aiy eioi?uo aeaaa aaiea iauaaony ni 100-200
eeeaioaie. O eeeaioia, a naith i/a?aaeue, auyniyaony eo iiaiea ia
eieaeaea aaiea, ea/anoao i?aaeeaaaaiuo oneoa.

– Ioi?aaea aoeeaoia eiie?aoiui aeeaae/eeai, aeeth/aiea niiauaiee a
oaeai?ia?aiio, iicae?aaeaiea aeeaae/eeia n i?acaeieeaie e o.i.

Auoaia?a/eneaiiua iaoiaeu ioiinyony e aeoeaiui e ia cao?aaeaatho, a
aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe, enoeiiiai oeiainiaiai iieiaeaiey aaiea.

Iiauneoue naie eieaeae aaie iiaeao, e oeo/oea oeiainiaua iieacaoaee
naiae aeayoaeueiinoe, a /anoiinoe, eiyooeoeeaiou eeeaeaeiinoe. Ia?aeaey
a aieaa aunieoth a?oiio iaaeaaeiinoe eee iiaeiyaoenue aaa?o ii ?aeoeiao,
aaie iiaeao noi?ie?iaaoue eieaeae aiieia onoie/eaiai, nieeaeiiai,
iaaeaaeiiai e ?aniaeoaaaeueiiai aaiea, /oi, ianiiiaiii, neaaeaony ia
/enea aai aeeaae/eeia.

142. Iaoiaeu eiieo?aioiie ai?ueau a ?innee.

Iniiaie eiieo?aioeee yaeyaony naiaiaeiue ?uiie. A ?innee, ianiio?y ia
iiiuoee aai nicaeaiey, ii-i?aaeiaio i/aiue auniea noaiaiue
iiiiiieecaoeee yeiiiieee, /oi aeaeaao eiieo?aioeeth iaaeaeo ?inneeneeie
i?aei?eyoey aanueia ia?aie/aiiie. A iaeioi?ii ?iaea nouanoaoao ai?ueaa
iaaeaeo ca?oaaaeiuie e ?inneeneeie eiieo?aioaie. Iaeiaei ?inneeneay
i?iiuoeaiiinoue oieueei ca?iaeaeaaony e eiieo?aioiniiniaia eeuue a
neo/ayo aieueoeo iioeei ia ca?oaaaeioth i?aeoeoeeth, eeai i?e iiaeieoea
ni noi?iiu ainoaea?noaa.

Iniiaiuie ninoaaeythueie eiieo?aioiie ai?ueau yaeythony:

1. ?aeeaia (oaea, ?aaeei, a ia/aoe),

2. Oeaiiaay iieeoeea (aeaiieia, aei?iaay i?iaeoeoeey),

3. Ea/anoai – niaa?oainoaiaaiea oaoiieiaee:

– i?eaeaiea oiaa?o eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo naienoa,

– o/ao ?inneeneie niaoeeoeee,

– iiaecia aeecaeia.

I?e i?iaaaeaiee ianne?iaaiiie eiieo?aioiie ai?ueau oe?ia aeieaeia n
o/aoii naieo ?ano?nia ii?aaeaeeoue niioiioaiea iaaeaeo auoaiacaaiieie
yeaiaioaie. Aiiaua iieacioaeue niioiioaiey oeaiu e ei/anoaa yaeyaony
aeiieie?othuei i?e auai?a iieoiaoaeyie ?aaeeiyeaeo?iieee, a a ia?eaoeiaa
iaieoeia iniiaiay aeiey cao?ao i?eoiaeeony ia oaea?aeeaio.

Eiie?aoii i?ioeann auai?a iaoiaei eiieo?aioiie ai?ueau eiaao neaaeothuea
noaaeee:

1. Iiene e eco/aiea(ii?aaeaeaiea) eiieo?aioia,

2. Ii?aaeaeaiea cao?ao ia iaoiaeu ai?ueau, oeaeaniia?aciinoue eo
i?eiaiaiey,

3. Auai? iaoiaea ai?ueau,

4. Aiaeec ?acoeueoaoia.

Oieueei iineaaeiaaoaeueiia i?iaaaeaiea anao yoeo yoaiia i?aaaaeao e
caaeoiaiiie oeaee.

143. Iieacaoaee aieinoe ?uiea.

A caaea/e i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai enneaaeiaaiey ?uiea aoiaeyo:

1. Auai? ?uieia, aaea aiciiaeai iaeneiaeueiue nauo;

2. Iieo/aiea eioi?iaoeee i aieinoe ?uiea.

Aieinoue – niiniaiinoue ?uiea iiaeioeoue ii?aaeaeaiiia eiee/anoai oiaa?i
a ii?aaeaeaiiia a?aiy.

Nthaea aeeth/athony oaeea iieacaoaee, eae:

– ii?aaeaeaiea eiee/anoaa eiieo?aioia,

– ii?aaeaeaiea aeiee eiieo?eioia ia ?uiea,

– ii?aaeaeaiea io?aneae eee i?aaei?eyoee, yaeythueony iaeaieaa e?oiiuie
io?aaeoaeyie,

– ii?aaeaeaiea no?oeoo?u iio?aaeaiey oiaa?ia ia?aie / ia ia?aie
iaiaoiaeeiinoe,

– ii?aaeaeaiea ?acia?ia i?iecaaaenoaaiiiai no?ieoaeuenoaa e eciaiaiey a
no?oeoo?a iio?aaeaiey.

Yoe iieacaoaee iiiiaatho noaeeoue i oeaeaniia?aciinoe i?iieeiiaaiey ia
iiaee ?uiie, i i?aaeiieaaaaiuo cao?aoao e ianooaaao aeayoaeueiinoe, i
iioaioeeaeueiuo eeeaioao.

3. Eiioeaio?aoeey ?ano?nia ia ia?niaeoeaiii ?uiea.

Aeeao 28.

20. Oaeoeea e no?aoaaey ia?eaoeiaa.

Ia?eaoeiaiaay no?aoaaey oi?ie?oaony ia iniiaa aiaeeca ?uii/iie
neooaoeee.

1. Oiaa?.

2. Oeaia.

3. I?iaeaeaeaiea oiaa?a.

4. Aeinoaaea oiaa?a iio?aaeoaeth (nauo).

– eciaiaiea eiaeaena oeai ia i?iaeoeoeeth,

– iaino?aiea eiieo?aioiie ai?ueau,

– naciiiinoue a iaaeaiee ni?ina,

– nieaeaiea eioa?ana e oiaa?o iieoiaoaey.

Oaeoeea I. iai?aaeaiia ia:

1. iaania/aiea onoie/eaiai iieiaeaiey i?aaei?eyoey ia ?uiea,

2. iaeneiecaoeeth i?eauee,

3. aaeaeaaoiia ?aaae?iaaiea ia eciaiaiea ?uii/iie neooaoeee,

4. ei??aeoe?iaeo ieaiia oe?iu a ioaao ia eciaiaiea ?uii/iie neooaoeee
(?anoe?aiea anni?oeiaioa, ?anoe?aiea ?aeeaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe e o. ae.).

No?aoaaey e oaeoeea I. ?aaeecoaony /a?ac niioaaonoaothuea i?ia?aiiu e
ieaiu, eioi?ua ?acee/athony ii:

1. i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoe (e?aoein?i/iua aei 1 aiaea, n?aaeian?i/iua io 1
aei 5, aeieain?i/iua > 5 eao),

3. iaoiaeo ?ac?aaioee (naa?oo aiec, o.a. ?oeiaiaenoai oe?iu
?ac?aaaouaaao eiio?ieueiua oeeo?u aoaeothuaai ieaia aeayoaeueiinoe
oe?iu; nieco aaa?o, o.a. ?ac?aaioea io nio?oaeieeia).

33. ?uii/iay naaiaioaoeey, aa iniaaiiinoe a ?innee.

Naaiaioaoeey ?uiea – iaeei ec aaaeiaeoeo yeaiaioia ia?eaoeiaa.

Oeaeue naaiaioaoeee – iaeneiaeueiia i?iieeiiaaiea ia ioaeaeueiua
?uii/iua naaiaiou aianoi ?aniueaiey oneeee ii anaio ?uieo.

Naaiaio ?uiea – a?oiia iio?aaeoaeae, iioaioeeaeueiuo iieoiaoaeae
eiie?aoiiai oiaa?a, iauaaeeiaiiuo ii iaeiiio eee ianeieueeei i?eciaeai
iio?aaeoaeae eee (e) oiaa?a.

Iniiaiua oa?aeoa?enoeee ?uii/iiai naaiaioa:

1) ?acia? naaiaioa – /enei iio?aaeoaeae;

2) aieinoue naaiaioa – aiciiaeiue iauai ?aaeecaoeee oiaa?a a
iaoo?aeueiuo eee noieiinoiuo aaeeieoeao.

Oneiaey oniaoiie naaiaioaoeee e i?aaeeueiiai auai?a naaiaioa ninoiyo a
neaaeothuai:

1) iaee/ea nouanoaaiiuo ?acee/ee iaaeaeo iioaioeeaeueiuie iio?aaeoaeyie;

2) iaee/ea noiaeeo iio?aaiinoae o aaeeieoe eaeiai-eeai naaiaioa;

3) aeinoaoi/ii aieueoay aieinoue naaiaioa;

4) yooaeoeaiinoue naaiaioa;

5) o/ao eiieo?aioeee;

6) niiniaiinoue oe?iu naiinoiyoaeueii eee n iiiiuueth
i?ioanneiiaeia-ia?eaoieiaia ioeaieoue iio?aaiinoe iieoiaoaeae;

7) aeinooiiinoue ?aeeaiu aeey iio?aaeoaeae a naaiaioa, e o.ae.

Auaeaeytho o?e aeueoa?iaoeaiuo ?aoaiey ii auai?o noaiaie ioaaoa ?uiea.

1.Ianniaue ia?eaoeia – i?eaioaoeey ia oe?ieee iio?aaeoaeueneee ?uiie aac
aai ?acaeaeaiey ia naaiaiou (aa?aae?iaaiea ?uiea).

E?eoa?ee naaiaioaoeee:

a) aeey ?uiea iio?aaeoaeueneeo oiaa?ia:

– aaia?aoe/aneee(no?aia, ?aaeii, ai?iae, naei),

– aeaiia?aoe/aneee (aic?ano, iie, ?acia? naiuee, oaca aeeciaiiiai oeeeea
naiuee),

– nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneea (i?ioanney, ianoi ?aaiou, o?iaaiue
ia?aciaaiey, nioeeaeueiue neie( o?iaaiue aeinoaoea)),

– ineoieiae/aneea (noeeue aeecie (iieiaeaaeiue, nii?oeaiue,
yeeoa?iue,…), ee/iua ea/anoaa, i?aaeii/oaiey e o.ae.),

a) aeey ?uiea i?iiuoeaiiuo oiaa?ia (yoi iaeaieaa i?eaeaeaoaeueiue e
e?oiiue ?uiie) :

– oa??eoi?eaeueiay i?eiaaeeaaeiinoue i?aaei?eyoee,

– noa?u eniieueciaaiey eaeeo-eeai ecaeaeee,

– ?acia? i?aaei?eyoee-eeeaioia,

– iauai oiaaa?iiai?ioa,

– noieiinoue aeinoaaee (iiioaaea iai?oaeiaaiey), eiinoeueoaoeeiiiuo
oneoa(eioi?ua iiaoo aeeth/aoue a naay iao/aiea nio?oaeieeia) e o.ae.

45. Iieaciinoue i?iaeoeoa.

79. Iiiyoea eiiioieeaoeee.

1. Ioi?aaeoaeue, eeoei, aaia?e?othuaa eaeae eee niae?athuaa eioi?iaoeeth
e ia?aaeathuaa aa.

2. Niiauaiea, nianoaaiii eioi?iaoeey, caeiaee?iaaiiay n iiiiuueth
neiaieia.

3. Eaiae, n?aaenoai ia?aaea/e eioi?iaoeee.

4. Iieo/aoaeue, eeoei, eioi?iio i?aaeiacia/aia eioi?iaoeey e eioi?ia
eioa?i?aoe?oao aa.

1. Ca?iaeaeaiea eaeae.

2. Eiaee?iaaiea e auai? eaiaea.

3. Ia?aaea/a.

4. Aeaeiaee?iaaiea.

Iiaeaeue i?ioeanna iaiaia eioi?iaoeeae.

93. Aeaeu ?aeeaiiie ?aaiou.

?aeeaia – iaee/iua oi?iu eiiioieeaoeee, inouanoaeyaiua /a?ac iin?aaenoai
ieaoiuo n?aaenoa ?ani?ino?aiaiey eioi?iaoeee, n /aoei oeacaiiui
enoi/ieeii oeiaine?iaaiey.

Noa?a aeayoaeueiinoe ?aeeaiu aeeth/aao a naay:

1) Eco/aiea iio?aaeoaeae oneoa, eioi?ua i?aaenoieo ?aeeaie?iaaoue,

2) Enneaaeiaaiea iniaaiiinoae ?uiea, eioi?ue i?aaenoieo inaieoue,

3) No?aoaae/aneia ieaie?iaaiea n oi/ee c?aiey oeaeae, ii?aaeaeaiey
a?aieoe ?uiea, iaania/aiey anneaiiaaiee e ?ac?aaioee oai?/aneiai
iiaeoiaea e ieaie?iaaiey eniieueciaaiey n?aaenoa ?aeeaiu,

4) I?eiyoea oaeoe/aneeo ?aoaiee ii niaoa ?anoiaeia i?e auai?a n?aaenoa
?aeeaiu, ?ac?aaioea a?aoeeia ioaeeeaoeee e o?aineyoeee iauyaeaiee,

5) Ninoaaeaiea ?aeeaiiuo iauyaeaiee, aeeth/ay iiaeaioiaeo oaenoa,
iaeaoa, ooaeiaeanoaaiiia ioi?ieaiea e eo i?i-ai.

Aa niaoeeoe/aneea iniaaiiinoe:

1) Ia aani?eno?anoiinoue,

2) I?eaioaoeey ia eiie?aoiiai aae?anaoa, eiaao niaoeeoe/aneoth
iai?aaeaiiinoue, eaeao a ?aieao iiea/aiiiai ianoa eee a?aiaie,

4) ssaeyaony n?aaenoaii, niiniaiuo i?eianoe eieinnaeueiue oniao eee
eaoano?ioe/aneee i?iaae, e ia?aaeei aeaenoaothuei a oneiaeyo
iaii?aaeaeaiiinoe eiia/iiai ?acoeueoaoa.

Aeaeu ?aeeaiu:

1. Oiaa?iay. Eioi?ie?iaaiea iieoiaoaey ia iniaaiiinoyo e aeinoieinoaao
oneoa, i?iaoaeaeaao eioa?an e iei.

2. I?anoeaeiay (oe?iaiiay). I?aaenoaaeyao aeinoieinoaa oe?iu, auaiaeii
ioee/athuea a? io eiieo?aioia. Oeaeue – nicaeaiea i?eaeaeaoaeueiiai
eieaeaea.

Ii ?ani?ino?aiaieth ?aeeaiiiai ia?auaiey:

1. I?yiay

2. Aacee/iay (ianniaay)

1) ?aeeaia a i?anna,

2) Ia/aoiay ?aeeaia (i?iniaeou, eaoaeiae, ieaeaou, eenoiaee, eaeaiaea?e
e o.ae.),

3) Ye?aiiay ?aeeaia,

4) ?aaeei?aeeaia,

5) Ia?oaeiay ?aeeaia (e?oiiiaaaa?eoiua ieaeaou, niaoeeaeueiua ?aeeaiiua
ianoa),

6) ?aeeaia ia o?ainii?oa (aioo?enaeiiiay, ?aciauaaiay ia ia?oaeiie
iiaa?oiinoe o?ainii?oiuo n?aaenoa, ?aciauaaiay ia noaioeeyo
iauanoaaiiiai o?ainii?oa e aie?oa ieo),

7) Noaaie?u e ae?. oi?iu ?aeeaiu.

Ii oa?aeoa?o e iniaaiiinoyi ?aeeaiiiai i?iaeoeoa, aeeciaiiiai oeeeea
oiaa?a e caaea/, e-a noaayony ia?aae ?aeeaiie ia eiie?aoiii yoaia:

1) Eioi?iaoeaiay. I?aiaeaaeaao i?e auaaaeaiee iiaiai i?iaeoeoa ia ?uiie,
eiaaea noieo caaea/a ia?ae/iiai oi?ie?iaaiey ni?ina.

3) Iaiiieiathuay. Aaie oaea iiiaiai aeinoea a ieacaiee eiie?aoiuo oneoa
e aio ioaeii aiiaue neiioeaio?e?iaaoue aieiaiea ia eo aeinoieinoaao.

4) Iiaee?aieythuay. Oaa?yao eeeaioia a i?aaeeueiinoe naeaeaiiiai eie
auai?a.

Aeeao 29.