19
Iaeaaeaiea
AAAAeAIEA 3
AEAAA 1. Iaaeaeoia?iaeiua ii?iu e noaiaea?ou a iaeanoe a?aaeaeaineeo e
iieeoe/aneeo i?aa /aeiaaea 7
1.1. I?eioeei oaaaeaiey i?aa /aeiaaea 7
1.2. Iiiyoea e cia/aiea iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo noaiaea?oia a iaeanoe i?aa
/aeiaaea. Niioiioaiea ni noaiaea?oii iaoeeiiaeueiiai ?aaeeia 7
1.3. Aeaeu iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo noaiaea?oia a iaeanoe i?aa /aeiaaea 9
Aeaaa 2. Iaoaieci iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai eiio?iey (eiieaiaioaoeey)
a?aaeaeaineeo e iieeoe/aneeo i?aa /aeiaaea 19
2.1. Iauea iieiaeaiey. 19
2.2. Aa?oiaiue eiienna? III ii i?aaai /aeiaaea. 20
2.3. Eiieoao ii i?aaai /aeiaaea. 23
2.4. Eiieoao i?ioea iuoie. 24
2.5. Eiieoao ii i?aaai ?aaaiea. 24
2.6. Eiieoao ii eeeaeaeaoeee aeene?eieiaoeee a ioiioaiee aeaiuei. 25
2.7. Aa?iiaeneay aoiaieoa?iay thnoeoeey. 26
Ii?iaoeaiua aeou e eeoa?aoo?a 32
AAAAeAIEA
N
iaeanii nia?aiaiiie eeanneoeeaoeee, i?aaa /aeiaaea, ?aaoee?oaiua
iaaeaeoia?iaeiui i?aaii, aeaeyony ia o?e eaoaai?ee:
1) a?aaeaeaineea e iieeoe/aneea i?aaa;
2) yeiiiie/aneea, nioeeaeueiua e eoeueoo?iua;
3) i?aaa ia?iaeia.
I?aaeiaoii ?anniio?aiey ianoiyuae ?aaiou yaeyaony iaaeaeoia?iaeiia
?aaoee?iaaiea a?aaeaeaineeo e iieeoe/aneeo i?aa /aeiaaea. Aeaiiay
i?iaeaia caieiaao iniaia ianoi a nenoaia iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai aoiaieoa?iiai
i?aaa. Yoi iauyniyaony ?yaeii oaeoi?ia.
Ai-ia?auo, oieueei niaethaeaiea yoie a?oiiu i?aa ni noi?iiu ainoaea?noaa
iiaeao aeaoue ee/iinoe ?aaeueioth aiciiaeiinoue eiio?iey ca
aeayoaeueiinoueth ainoaea?noaaiiuo i?aaiia. Oaeie eiio?ieue
inouanoaeyaony onoaiiaeaiiuie a caeiia n?aaenoaaie, a /anoiinoe iooai
i?eiaiaiey einoeoooia iaiin?aaenoaaiiie aeaiie?aoee. A eoiaa aeieaeii
iieo/eoueny ia/oi a?iaea caieiooiai (ii ia ii?i/iiai!) e?oaa, aaea
a?aaeaeaia aeeytho ia iieeoe/aneee i?ioeann, canoaaeyy iieeoeeia
caaioeoueny i naaa, i?aaeinoaaeyoue e aa?aioe?iaaoue iiaua i?aaa,
iieo/ay a eoiaa aua aieueoa n?aaenoa aeey eiio?iey ca iieeoeeie, e, eae
neaaenoaea, iiaua i?aaiii/ey…
Iaaei caiaoeoue, /oi yoi ia oai?aoe/aneea eciuoeaiey, a
aeaenoaeoaeueiinoue iieeoe/aneie aeecie caiaaeiuo no?ai. Eiia/ii,
aeaiiia iino?iaiea ia io?aaeaao anao ithainia ?aaeueiinoe, iaeiaei iauea
caeiiiia?iinoe eiaiii oaeiau.
Ai-aoi?uo, a?aaeaeaineea e iieeoe/aneea i?aaa enoi?e/anee ia?auie aioee
a i?aaeiao iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai i?aaa, noaa i?aaeiaoii
iaaeaeoia?iaeii-i?aaiaiai ?aaoee?iaaiey. Niaeanii ?ani?ino?aiaiiie a
iaoea iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai i?aaa eiioeaioeee, iniiaaiiie ia iacaaiiie auoa
eeanneoeeaoeee, nouanoaoao o?e “iieieaiey” i?aa /aeiaaea.
Yoe “iieieaiey” niioiinyony n aeoeaiui anooieaieai ia ie?iaoth
iieeoe/aneoth a?aio iiauo “aeaiie?aoece?othueony” ainoaea?noa n
?acee/iui iieeoe/aneei ?aaeeiii.
A?aaeaeaineea e iieeoe/aneea i?aaa /aeiaaea, aioaaeoea a ia?aia
“iieieaiea”, auee ioaieineii eaeae Aaeeeie o?aioeocneie ?aaiethoeee e
“aeeaaeii Caiaaea” a aeaei i?aa /aeiaaea.
Aoi?ui “iieieaieai” auee nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneea e eoeueoo?iua i?aaa
/aeiaaea, aioaaeoea a nenoaio iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo noaiaea?oia aeaaiaea?y
oneeeyi NNN? e ae?oaeo nioeeaeenoe/aneeo no?ai.
O?aouea, e iiea iineaaeiaa “iieieaiea” — i?aaa ia caei?iaoth
yeieiae/aneoth ianoaiiaeo, ia ie?, ia ?aci?oaeaiea, ia ?acaeoea e o.
ae., eioi?ua eia/a iacuaathony i?aaaie nieeaea?iinoe. Yoa a?oiia i?aa
i?eciaaony aeeaaeii no?ai o?aoueaai ie?a.
I/aaeaeia iaeioi?ay iaoyiooinoue annioeeaoeee, iniaaiii n i?aaaie
nieeaea?iinoe, eioi?ua iauaeoeaii ia/aee iiyaeyoueny ?aiueoa, /ai
?acaeaathueany no?aiu aeoeaii cayaeee i naiai o/anoee a iieeoeea.
Iai?eia?, a Iaeoao i i?aaao /aeiaaea 1966 aiaea i?enoonoaotho
ioaeaeueiua i?aaa ia?iaeia (a /anoiinoe, i?aai ia?iaeia ia
naiiii?aaeaeaiea, iaeeiaeiai aini?iecaaaeaiiia a no. 1 iaieo Iaeoia).
A?aaeaeaineea e iieeoe/aneea i?aaa — aeinoaoi/ii iainiaeaiiay a?oiia
i?aa, iiyoiio iie e auaeaeythony ii i?aaeiaoo ?aaoee?iaaiey. Aianoa n
oai eo iaeuecy ?anniao?eaaoue niaa?oaiii a io?uaa io i?i/eo i?aa
/aeiaaea. Iaiai?io, yoi acaeiinaycaiiue eiiieaen ii?i. Aeaiiia
ooaa?aeaeaiea iniiauaaaony ia ii?ia Iaeoia i i?aaao /aeiaaea, a
I?aaiaoea eioi?uo oeacuaaaony:
“…Eaeaae naiaiaeiie /aeiaa/aneie ee/iinoe, iieuecothuaeny a?aaeaeaineie
e iieeoe/aneie naiaiaeie e naiaiaeie io no?aoa e ioaeaeu, iiaeao auoue
inouanoaeai, oieueei anee aoaeoo nicaeaiu oaeea oneiaey, i?e eioi?uo
eaaeaeue iiaeao iieueciaaoueny naieie yeiiiie/aneeie, nioeeaeueiuie e
eoeueoo?iuie i?aaaie, oae aea eae e naieie a?aaeaeaineeie e
iieeoe/aneeie i?aaaie” (oeeoe?iaaeanue I?aaiaoea Iaeoa i a?aaeaeaineeo e
iieeoe/aneeo i?aaao).
Iniiaiuie aeoaie, ?aaoee?othueie a?aaeaeaineea e iieeoe/aneea i?aaa ia
iaaeaeoia?iaeiii o?iaia, yaeythony Anaiauay aeaeea?aoeey i?aa /aeiaaea
io 10 aeaeaa?y 1948 aiaea, Iaeo i a?aaeaeaineeo e iieeoe/aneeo i?aaao io
19 aeaeaa?y 1966 aiaea, Eiiaaioeey i i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiee i?anooieaiey
aaiioeeaea e iaeacaiee ca iaai io 9 aeaeaa?y 1948 aiaea, Eiiaaioeey i
i?ana/aiee i?anooieaiey aia?oaeaea e iaeacaiee ca iaai io 30 iiya?y 1973
aiaea, Eiiaaioeey i?ioea iuoie e ae?oaeo aeanoieeo, aan/aeiaa/iuo eee
oieaeathueo aeinoieinoai aeaeia ia?auaiey e iaeacaiey io 10 aeaeaa?y
1984 aiaea e aa?iiaeneay Eiiaaioeey i caueoa i?aa /aeiaaea e iniiaiuo
naiaiae io 4 iiya?y 1950 aiaea.
“Caneoaeaiiinoue” a?aaeaeaineeo e iieeoe/aneeo i?aa ioithaeue ia
naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i oii, /oi iie i?aaenoaaeytho ec naay ia/oi canouaoaa.
Aaconeiaii, nouanoaothuea i?aaiaua iieiaeaiey aeinoaoi/ii eiina?aaoeaiu
ii naiae i?e?iaea. Iaeiaei iie iai?a?uaii iaiiaeytho naia niaea?aeaiea a
i?ioeanna i?aaii?eiaiaiey, a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue a oiaea noaeaaiiai
oieeiaaiey.
Aio eiie?aoiue i?eia?. I. 1 no. 5 aa?iiaeneie Eiiaaioeee i caueoa i?aa
/aeiaaea e iniiaiuo naiaiae aneaae ca Anaiauae aeaeea?aoeeae i?aa
/aeiaaea e Iaeoii i a?aaeaeaineeo e iieeoe/aneeo i?aaao cae?aieyao i?aai
eaaeaeiai ia naiaiaeo.
Aa?iiaeneee noae ii i?aaai /aeiaaea ?anniao?eaae aeaei Van Droogenbroeck
v. Belgium. Cayaeoaeue ooaa?aeaeae, /oi niaea?aeaeny iiae no?aaeae ii
?aoaieth ia noaeaaiiai, a aaeieieno?aoeaiiai i?aaia. Auei onoaiiaeaii,
/oi ii iaiaeiie?aoii niaa?oae e?aaee e inoaeaeaeny ca yoi, i?e/ai
niaea?aeaeny aeaaea a oth?ueia aeey ?aoeeaeeaenoia. Iinea inaiaiaeaeaiey
ec yoie oth?ueiu ii aiiaue noae niaa?oaoue e?aaee, e a oeaeyo
?aaaeeeoaoeee aai ianeieueei ?ac aeinoaaeyee a i?aai iiae iacaaieai
“Oi?aaeaiea ii aeaeai ?aoeeaeeaenoia”. Ii aaeueaeeneiio i?aao ia?aaea/a
?aoeeaeeaenoia e iaeni?aaeiuo i?anooiieeia a ?anii?yaeaiea
I?aaeoaeuenoaa eaaeeoeoee?oaony eae ia?a, naycaiiay n eeoaieai naiaiaeu.
Eacaeinue au, iaeeoei ia?ooaiea Eiiaaioeee. Iaeiaei Noae i?eiye ai
aieiaiea, /oi caeii, i?aaeinoaaeaoee ieieno?o thnoeoeee niioaaonoaothuea
iieiiii/ey, eiae oeaeueth ia oieueei “caueoeoue iauanoai io iianiinoe,
eioi?oth i?aaenoaaeytho ?aoeeaeeaenou e iaeni?aaeiua i?aaiia?ooeoaee”,
ii e “aeaoue i?aaeoaeuenoao aiciiaeiinoue iiiuoaoueny ia?aainieoaoue
eo”.
Ec yoiai oaeoa auee naeaeaiu neaaeothuea auaiaeu. “I?e aeinoeaeaiee yoeo
oeaeae iaiaoiaeeii o/eouaaoue ianoiyoaeuenoaa, eioi?ua ii oa?aeoa?o
?acee/iu a ?aciuo neo/ayo e iiaoo aeaeieciaiyoueny. I?eieiay ?aoaiea,
noae, anoanoaaiii, iiaeao eeoue i?aaeiieaaaoue, eae aoaeao ?acaeaaoueny
ee/iinoue /aeiaaea a aoaeouai. Ni naiae noi?iiu, ieieno? thnoeoeee /a?ac
naieo iiae/eiaiiuo e /a?ac eo niaeaenoaea iiaeao /aua e ouaoaeueiaa
eiio?iee?iaaoue oaeia ?acaeoea, ii iaeii yoi icia/aao, /oi ni a?aiaiai
naycue iaaeaeo aai ?aoaieai ia inaiaiaeaeaoue eee iiaoi?ii caaea?aeaoue
/aeiaaea e ia?aiia/aeueiui noaeaaiui ?aoaieai iinoaiaiii ineaaaaaao.
Aiineaaenoaee yoa naycue iiaeao aiiaua i?a?aaoueny, anee aicieeiao
iieiaeaiea, i?e eioi?ii ?aoaiey aoaeoo iniiaaiu ia oaeoi?ao, iioa?yaoeo
naycue n oeaeyie caeiiiaeaoaeueiiai i?aaia, eee ia ioeaiea, ieacaaoaeny
ia?acoiiie n oi/ee c?aiey yoeo oeaeae. A oaeeo oneiaeyo caaea?aeaiea,
yaeyaoaany caeiiiui aia/aea, i?aa?aoeeinue au a eeoaiea naiaiaeu,
eioi?ia auei au i?iecaieueiui, a neaaeiaaoaeueii — ianiaianoeiui ni no.
5. A aeaiiii neo/aa oaeiai iieiaeaiey ia aicieeei. Aaeueaeeneea aeanoe
i?iyaeee oa?iaiea e oaaaeaiea e a-io aai Ae?iiaaia?oeo: ianiio?y ia aai
iiaaaeaiea, iie i?aaeinoaaeee aio aiciiaeiinoe eni?aaeoueny…”
Oaeei ia?acii, niaeanii ?aoaieth noaea, ia?ooaiey i. 1 no. 5 ia auei.
Iaeiaei ieacaeny ia?ooaiiui i. 4 no. 5, niaeanii eioi?iio eeoei,
eeoaiiia naiaiaeu, eiaao i?aai ia ?acae?aoaeuenoai, a oiaea eioi?iai
iiaeao auoue aacioeaaaoaeueii ?aoai aii?in i caeiiiinoe aai caaea?aeaiey
Aeaeaien I., Eye ?., A?yaeee Y. Aa?iiaeneia i?aai a iaeanoe i?aa
/aeiaaea (I?aeoeea e eiiiaioa?ee).– I., 1997. N. 361 — 365..
Neaaeiaaoaeueii, ianiio?y ia oi?iaeueiia i?ioeai?a/ea aeaenoaee
ieienoa?noaa o?aaiaaieyi Eiiaaioeee, noae, enoiaey ia ec aoeau, a ec
aeooa aeieoiaioa, ia oniio?ae aa ia?ooaiey aaeueaeeneeie aeanoyie.
Eiaiii iiyoiio, a neeo iaiaoiaeeiinoe niioiineoue ii?iu eiiaaioeee e
i?aeoeeo noaeia, ianoiyuay ?aaioa eiaao neaaeothuoth no?oeoo?o. A ia?aie
aeaaa ?ane?uaathony iniiaiua ii?iu e noaiaea?ou a iaeanoe a?aaeaeaineeo
e iieeoe/aneeo i?aa /aeiaaea, a ai aoi?ie aeaaa aiaeece?oaony
eiieaiaioaoeey oeacaiiuo noaiaea?oia.
AEAAA 1
Iaaeaeoia?iaeiua ii?iu e noaiaea?ou a iaeanoe a?aaeaeaineeo e
iieeoe/aneeo i?aa /aeiaaea
1.1. I?eioeei oaaaeaiey i?aa /aeiaaea
I
aeiei ec aaaeiaeoeo i?eioeeiia nia?aiaiiiai iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai i?aaa
yaeyaony i?eioeei oaaaeaiey i?aa /aeiaaea. I?e yoii ainoaea?noai
iaycoaony aa?aioe?iaaoue e niaethaeaoue yoe i?aaa aia caaeneiinoe io
i?eiaaeeaaeiinoe /aeiaaea e oeooeueiie eee eiie iaoeee, ii?aaeaeaiiie
?aeeaeiciie eiioannee, i?ioannee e o.i. A /anoiinoe, Anaiauay
aeaeea?aoeey aiai?eo (e yoi iieiaeaiea iiaoi?yaony a ae?oaeo aeoao) ii
aeaiiiio aii?ino neaaeothuaa:
“Ana ethaee ?aaiu ia?aae caeiiii e eiatho i?aai, aac anyeiai ?acee/ey,
ia ?aaioth caueoo caeiia. Ana ethaee eiatho i?aai ia ?aaioth caueoo io
eaeie au oi ie auei aeene?eieiaoeee, ia?ooathuae ianoiyuoth
Aeaeea?aoeeth, e io eaeiai au oi ie auei iiaeno?aeaoaeuenoaa e oaeie
aeene?eieiaoeee”. (No. 7 Aeaeea?aoeee.)
1.2. Iiiyoea e cia/aiea iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo noaiaea?oia a iaeanoe i?aa
/aeiaaea. Niioiioaiea ni noaiaea?oii iaoeeiiaeueiiai ?aaeeia
I
aaeaeoia?iaeii-i?aaiaua iaycaoaeuenoaa, ?aaeecothuea i?eioeei oaaaeaiey
i?aa /aeiaaea e ?acaeaathuea aai a eiie?aoiuo ii?iao, iacuaathony
iaaeaeoia?iaeiuie noaiaea?oaie a iaeanoe i?aa /aeiaaea.
Nia?aiaiiia cia/aiea iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo noaiaea?oia iiaeii iieacaoue ia
i?eia?a I?ioieiea ?6 e aa?iiaeneie Eiiaaioeee i caueoa i?aa /aeiaaea e
iniiaiuo naiaiae io 28 ai?aey 1983 aiaea, cai?aoeaoaai nia?oioth eaciue
aeey ainoaea?noa, ?aoeoeoee?iaaaoeo yoio i?ioieie. Eae ecaanoii,
?inneeneay Oaaea?aoeey ?aoeoeeaoeeth i?iecaaea, e oaia?ue auioaeaeaia
ioiaieoue nia?oioth eaciue, ianiio?y ia aeinoaoi/ii ianoi?iaeaiiia
ioiioaiea iauanoaa e iiaeiaiie ia?a.
Aacioiineoaeueii e i?iaeaia ioiaiu nia?oiie eacie, iiaeii neacaoue
neaaeothuaa. Yoi aua iaeei i?eia? oiai, /oi, ai-ia?auo, ii?iu
iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai i?aaa aeieaeiu iaoiaeeoue naia aaeaeaaoiia io?aaeaiea
a iaoeeiiaeueiii caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa. A ai-aoi?uo, iaeiaaeaeu aeaa
niaeanea, ainoaea?noai noaiiaeony ?aaii naiaai neiaa. Ianiio?y ia
aeaeeiia iaaeaeaiea ?innee ioiaiyoue nia?oioth eaciue, aeaaeaiea
ie?iaiai niiauanoaa auei noieue aaeeei, /oi I?aceaeaio iioae ia
yeno?ai?aeeia?ioth (i?aaaea, ia aeey iaoaai ainoaea?noaa) ia?o,
oaeoe/anee oi?acaeiea ii?iu caeiia naiei oeacii.
Ii?iu iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai i?aaa oaeoe/anee, a aieueoae /anoueth e
th?eaee/anee eiatho i?ei?eoao iaae iaoeeiiaeueiui caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii. A
?innee aeaenoaoao i?eioeei i?eiaoa iaaeaeoia?iaeii-i?aaiauo ii?i (/. 4
no.15 Eiinoeoooeee). Noaeaaiay i?aeoeea ii aeaeai, eanathueiny i?aa
/aeiaaea, oaeaea iiaeaea?aeeaaao yoo iiceoeeth.
Oae, ii aeaeo Iee?a Iinoiyiiay niaoaiiay eiienney ii i?aoaiceyi,
o/?aaeaeaiiay NOA e Iaeneeie oeacaea: “…I?aaeeueiinoue
i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiuo aeaenoaee aeieaeia i?iaa?youeny n?aaiaieai n
iaaeaeoia?iaeiuie noaiaea?oaie… Ia?auaiea n eiino?aioeai, /oiau
ninoaaeoue iaaeaeoia?iaeiia i?aaiia?ooaiea, aeieaeii au?aaeaoueny a
ianeeee, iaaeia?iniaanoiinoe, i?aaeiaia?aiiii iaauiieiaiee iaycaiiinoae
eee a oi?ia iaiainiiaaiiuo i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiuo ia?, noieue aeaeaeeo io
iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo noaiaea?oia, /oi eaaeaeue ?acoiiue e aani?eno?anoiue
/aeiaae i?eciae au eo iaiainiiaaiiinoue” A?ioiee ss. Iaaeaeoia?iaeiia
i?aai.– I., 1977. O. 2. N. 206..
Iaeiaei auaatho e i?ioeaiiieiaeiua neo/ae. Oae, aeinoaoi/ii ino?i a
ianoiyuaa a?aiy noieo i?iaeaia iaania/aiey aaciianiinoe iioa?iaaoeo e
naeaeaoaeae a oaieiaiii i?ioeanna. OIE ia aeaao aiciiaeiinoe noaeo
aeaaea i?iaiaeeoue cae?uoia canaaeaiea a neo/ayo, eiaaea nouanoaoao
?aaeueiay oa?ica aaciianiinoe oeacaiiuo eeoe i?e aea/a eie i?aaaeeauo
iieacaiee. Eae neaaenoaea, ia?aaeee ioeacu io ?aiaa aeaiiuo iieacaiee e
aea/a caaaaeiii eiaeiuo iieacaiee eiaiii ii niia?aaeaieyi ee/iie
aaciianiinoe. A oi aea a?aiy no. 14 Iaeoa i a?aaeaeaineeo e iieeoe/aneeo
i?aaao e no. 6 Eiiaaioeee i caueoa i?aa /aeiaaea e iniiaiuo naiaiae
onoaiaaeeaatho:
“Ia/aoue e ioaeeea iiaoo ia aeiioneaoueny ia ana noaeaaiia canaaeaiea
eee /anoue aai… a oie ia?a, a eaeie yoi, ii iiaieth noaea, no?iai
iaiaoiaeeii,— i?e iniauo ianoiyoaeuenoaao, eiaaea ioaee/iinoue ia?ooaea
au eioa?anu i?aainoaeey”.
Aeey ?ac?aoaiey neiaeeaoaeny neooaoeee e aei aianaiey eciaiaiee a OIE
i?aaeeaaaaony iaiin?aaenoaaiii i?eiaiyoue niioaaonoaothuea ii?iu
oeacaiiuo aeoia, iie?aynue ia i?eioeei iaiin?aaenoaaiiiai aeaenoaey
iaaeaeoia?iaeii-i?aaiauo ii?i i?e i?ioeai?a/ee n ioa/anoaaiiui
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii (/. 4 no. 15 Eiinoeoooeee) Ai?iaeoeia N. Iaania/aiea
i?ioeannoaeueiie aaciianiinoe iioa?iaaoaai e naeaeaoaey. // ?inneeneay
thnoeoeey.– 1996. ?11. N. 25..
1.3. Aeaeu iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo noaiaea?oia a iaeanoe i?aa /aeiaaea
I
i e?oao o/anoieeia niioaaonoaothueo niaeaoaiee noaiaea?ou auaatho
?aaeiiaeueiuie e oieaa?naeueiuie. Oieaa?naeueiua noaiaea?ou i?eciaiu ai
anai ie?a. Iie niaea?aeaony, a /anoiinoe, a Iaeoa i a?aaeaeaineeo e
iieeoe/aneeo i?aaao. ?aaeiiaeueiua noaiaea?ou aeaenoaotho a i?aaeaeao
ii?aaeaeaiiie oa??eoi?ee (auoa oaea i?eaiaeeeny i?eia? ?aaeiiaeueiiai
aa?iiaeneiai noaiaea?oa — I?ioieie ?6 e aa?iiaeneie Eiiaaioeee i caueoa
i?aa /aeiaaea e iniiaiuo naiaiae io 28 ai?aey 1983 aiaea).
Niioaaonoaothuea noaiaea?ou iinyo ia oieueei iiceoeaiue, ii ca/anooth e
iaaaoeaiue oa?aeoa?. Iai?eia?, no. 27 Iaeoa i a?aaeaeaineeo e
iieeoe/aneeo i?aaao onoaiaaeeaaao:
“A oao no?aiao, aaea nouanoaotho yoie/aneea, ?aeeaeiciua e ycueiaua
iaiueoeinoaa, eeoeai, i?eiaaeeaaeauei e oaeei iaiueoeinoaai, ia iiaeao
auoue ioeacaii a i?aaa niaianoii n ae?oaeie /eaiaie oie aea a?oiiu
iieueciaaoueny naiae eoeueoo?ie, eniiaaaeiaaoue naith ?aeeaeth e
eniieiyoue aa ia?yaeu, a oaeaea iieueciaaoueny ?iaeiui ycueii”.
A aeaiiii neo/aa ainoaea?noai iaycoaony ia iinyaaoue ia ii?aaeaeaiiua
i?aaa /aeiaaea (a i?eaaaeaiiii i?eia?a — ia niioaaonoaothuea i?aaa
i?aaenoaaeoaeae iaoeeiiaeueiuo iaiueoeinoa).
I?aaenoaaeyaony oeaeaniia?aciui ia?a/eneeoue iniiaiua noaiaea?ou a
iaeanoe a?aaeaeaineeo e iieeoe/aneeo i?aa /aeiaaea, eae iie
caoeene?iaaiu a Iaeoa i a?aaeaeaineeo e iieeoe/aneeo i?aaao, Eiiaaioeee
i i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiee i?anooieaiey aaiioeeaea e iaeacaiee ca iaai,
Eiiaaioeee i i?ana/aiee i?anooieaiey aia?oaeaea e iaeacaiee ca iaai,
Eiiaaioeee i?ioea iuoie e ae?oaeo aeanoieeo, aan/aeiaa/iuo eee
oieaeathueo aeinoieinoai aeaeia ia?auaiey e iaeacaiey e ?yaea ae?oaeo
aeoia.
Eiia/ii, aia/aea iaaei oiiiyiooue i?aai ia aeeciue. Yoi i?aai
i?aaeoniio?aii a no. 6 Iaeoa i a?aaeaeaineeo e iieeoe/aneeo i?aaao:
“I?aai ia aeeciue anoue iaiouaieaiia i?aai eaaeaeiai /aeiaaea. Yoi i?aai
io?aiyaony caeiiii. Ieeoi ia iiaeao auoue i?iecaieueii eeoai aeecie”.
A noaiaea?o aoiaeyo e ii?iu, ?aaoee?othuea iacia/aiea nia?oiie eacie.
Iia iiaeao iacia/aoueny oieueei “ca naiua oyaeeea i?anooieaiey a
niioaaonoaee n caeiiii, eioi?ue aeaenoaiaae ai a?aiy niaa?oaiey
i?anooieaiey e eioi?ue ia i?ioeai?a/eo o?aaiaaieyi ianoiyuaai Iaeoa e
Eiiaaioeee i i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiee i?anooieaiey aaiioeeaea e iaeacaiee ca
iaai”. Nia?oiue i?eaiai? iiaeao auiineoueny oieueei eiiiaoaioiui noaeii.
Nia?oiay eaciue ia i?eaiaeeony a eniieiaiea a ioiioaiee aa?aiaiiuo
aeaiuei, a i?eaiai? ia auiineony ca i?anooieaiey, niaa?oaiiua eeoeaie
iieiaea 18 eao. E?iia oiai, Eiiaaioeey i i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiee i?anooieaiey
aaiioeeaea e iaeacaiee ca iaai cai?auaao aeaenoaey (aeeth/ay, eiia/ii, e
eciaiaiea iaoeeiiaeueiiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa), niaa?oaaiua n iaia?aieai
oie/oiaeeoue, iieiinoueth eee /anoe/ii, eaeoth-eeai iaoeeiiaeueioth,
yoie/aneoth, ?aniaoth eee ?aeeaeicioth a?oiio eae oaeiaoth.
Iaeiaei yoe noaiaea?ou ni?aaaaeeeai ?anniao?eaaeenue o/anoieeaie Iaeoa
eeoue eae aaciaua. Iai?eia?, no. 59 OE ?O cai?auaao iacia/aoue nia?oioth
eaciue oaeaea eeoeai, aeinoeaoei 65-eaoiaai aic?anoa, e anai aeaiueiai.
Ii a ianoiyuaa a?aiy, eae oaea aiai?eeinue auoa, nia?oiay eaciue
cai?auaia a ainoaea?noaao, ?aoeoeoee?iaaaoeo I?ioieie ?6 e aa?iiaeneie
Eiiaaioeee i caueoa i?aa /aeiaaea e iniiaiuo naiaiae io 28 ai?aey 1983
aiaea, a a ?innee iaeiaeai ii?aoi?ee ia aa i?eiaiaiea.
?aeiiaiaeaoaeueiue oa?aeoa? eiatho iaeia?aiiua ?aciethoeeae YEININ io 25
iay 1984 aiaea Ia?u, aa?aioe?othuea caueoo i?aa oao, eoi i?eaiai?ai e
nia?oiie eacie. A ieo aeaeea?e?oaony i?aai i?eaiai?aiiiai ia
aiaeeyoeeth, ia iiaea/o i?ioaiey i iiieeiaaiee, o?aaiaaiea i aoiaiiinoe
i?eaaaeaiey i?eaiai?a a eniieiaiea e iaiaa?eaaaony ?yae ae?oaeo
iiiaioia.
Cai?auaaony iiaeaa?aaoue ethaeae iuoeai eee aeanoieiio, aan/aeiaa/iiio
eee oieaeathuaio eo aeinoieinoai ia?auaieth eee iaeacaieth, a /anoiinoe
noaaeoue iaaeeoeeineea eee iao/iua iiuou ia ethaeyo aac eo niaeaney.
Aeaiiue noaiaea?o onoaiiaeai a no. 7 Iaeoa i a?aaeaeaineeo e
iieeoe/aneeo i?aaao e ?acaeo a Eiiaaioeee i?ioea iuoie e ae?oaeo
aeanoieeo, aan/aeiaa/iuo eee oieaeathueo aeinoieinoai aeaeia ia?auaiey e
iaeacaiey.
Iuoeie a Eiiaaioeee iacuaaaony “ethaia aeaenoaea, eioi?ui eaeiio-eeai
eeoeo i?e/eiyaony neeueiay aieue eee no?aaeaiea, oece/aneia eee
i?aanoaaiiia, /oiau iieo/eoue io iaai eee io o?aoueaai eeoea naaaeaiey
eee i?eciaiey, iaeacaoue aai ca aeaenoaea, eioi?ia niaa?oeei iii eee
o?aouea eeoei eee a niaa?oaiee eioi?iai iie iiaeic?aaaaony, a oaeaea
caioaaoue eee i?eioaeeoue aai eee o?aouea eeoei, eee ii ethaie i?e/eia,
iniiaaiiie ia aeene?eieiaoeee ethaiai oa?aeoa?a, eiaaea oaeay aieue eee
no?aaeaiea i?e/eiythony ainoaea?noaaiiui aeieaeiinoiui eeoeii eee eiui
eeoeii, aunooiathuei a ioeoeeaeueiii ea/anoaa, eee ii eo
iiaeno?aeaoaeuenoao, eee n eo aaaeiia eee iie/aeeaiai niaeaney” (no. 1
Eiiaaioeee). Oai aea ioia/aaony, /oi “a yoi ii?aaeaeaiea ia aeeth/athony
aieue eee no?aaeaiey, eioi?ua aicieeatho a ?acoeueoaoa eeoue caeiiiuo
naieoeee, iaioaeaeeiu io yoeo naieoeee eee aucuaathony eie neo/aeii”.
Iuoee cai?auathony i?eioeeieaeueii, aeaaea a naiuo eneeth/eoaeueiuo
ianoiyoaeuenoaao, aeeth/ay aieio (no. 2 Eiiaaioeee). Cai?auaaony aeaaea
auaea/a eeoe ae?oaiio ainoaea?noao, anee anoue na?ueaciua iniiaaiey
iieaaaoue, /oi yoiio eeoeo iiaeao oa?iaeaoue oai i?eiaiaiea iuoie (no. 3
Eiiaaioeee).
Iaeo i a?aaeaeaineeo e iieeoe/aneeo i?aaao cai?auaao oaeaea ?aanoai e
?aaioi?aiaeth, i?eioaeeoaeueiue eee iaycaoaeueiue o?oae (no. 8).
I?eioaeeoaeueiui eee iaycaoaeueiui o?oaeii niaeanii Iaeoo ia yaeythony:
— eaoi?aeiay eee eiay ?aaioa, iacia/aaiay ii i?eaiai?o noaea;
— ?aaioa, auiieiyaiay a ii?yaeea aeueoa?iaoeaiie neoaeau, eee neoaeaa
aiaiiiai oa?aeoa?a;
— ethaay neoaeaa, iaycaoaeueiay a neo/aa /?acau/aeiiai iieiaeaiey;
— neoaeaa, aoiaeyuay a iaueiiaaiiua a?aaeaeaineea iaycaiiinoe.
Iiiyoea ?aanoaa ii?aaeaeaii a Eiiaaioeee ioiineoaeueii ?aanoaa io 25
naioya?y 1926 aiaea (no. 1): “?aanoai anoue ninoiyiea eee iieiaeaiea
/aeiaaea, iaae eioi?ui inouanoaeythony ao?eaoou i?aaa nianoaaiiinoe eee
iaeioi?ua ec ieo”.
Ii?aaeaeaiea ?aaioi?aiaee niaea?aeeony a Aeiiieieoaeueiie eiiaaioeee ia
oi?acaeiaiee ?aanoaa, ?aaioi?aiaee e einoeoooia e iau/aaa, noiaeiuo n
?aanoaii io 7 naioya?y 1956 aiaea (no. 7): “Iiae ?aaioi?aiaeae
iiieiathony e a iaa aeeth/athony ana aeaenoaey, naycaiiua n caoaaoii,
i?eia?aoaieai eaeiai-eeai eeoea eee n ?anii?yaeaieai ei n oeaeueth
ia?auaiey aai a ?aanoai; ana aeaenoaey, naycaiiua n i?eia?aoaieai ?aaa n
oeaeueth aai i?iaeaaee eee iaiaia; ana aeaenoaey ii i?iaeaaea eee iaiaio
eeoea, i?eia?aoaiiiai n yoie oeaeueth, e aiiaua anyeia aeaenoaea ii
oi?aiaea eee ia?aaicea ?aaia eaeeie au oi ie auei o?ainii?oiuie
n?aaenoaaie”.
A aeiiieiaiea e aeaiiiio a Eiiaaioeee ioiineoaeueii ?aanoaa
ii?aaeaeaieth ?aanoaa Aeiiieieoaeueiay eiiaaioeey ia oi?acaeiaiee
?aanoaa, ?aaioi?aiaee e einoeoooia e iau/aaa, noiaeiuo n ?aanoaii e
oeacaiiui i?eciaeai cai?auaao neaaeothuaa:
— aeieaiaay eaaaea, o.a. iieiaeaiea eee ninoiyiea, aicieeathuaa
aneaaenoaea caeeaaea aeieaeieeii a iaania/aiea aeieaa naiaai ee/iiai
o?oaea eee o?oaea caaeneiiai io iaai eeoea, anee iaaeeaaeaua
ii?aaeaeyaiay oeaiiinoue auiieiyaiie ?aaiou ia can/eouaaaony a iiaaoaiea
aeieaa, anee i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue yoie ?aaiou ia ia?aie/aia e oa?aeoa?
aa ia ii?aaeaeai;
— e?aiinoiia ninoiyiea, o.a. oaeia iieueciaaiea caieae, i?e eioi?ii
iieueciaaoaeue iaycai ii caeiio, iau/ath eee niaeaoaieth aeeoue e
?aaioaoue ia caiea, i?eiaaeeaaeauae ae?oaiio eeoeo, e auiieiyoue
ii?aaeaeaiioth ?aaioo aeey oaeiai eee ae?oaiai eeoea, ca
aiciaa?aaeaeaiea eee aac iaai, e yoi naia ninoiyiea ia iiaeao eciaieoue;
— i?aaa naiuee aeaiueiu auaeaoue aeaiueio caioae aac aa niaeaney,
ia?aaeaoue aa ae?oaiio eeoeo eee ii ianeaaenoao iinea nia?oe ioaea;
— i?aai naiuee ?aaaiea eee iiae?inoea iieiaea 18 eao ia?aaeaaaoue aai
o?aoueei eeoeai n oeaeueth yenieoaoaoeee aai naiiai eee aai o?oaea.
Aieueoia cia/aiea eiaao noaiaea?o, aa?aioe?othuee eaaeaeiio i?aai ia
naiaiaeo e ee/ioth iai?eeiniiaaiiinoue. A iaai aoiaeeo n?aco ianeieueei
ii?iaoeaia, eanathueony ia oieueei nianoaaiii i?aaa ia naiaiaeiia
ia?aaeaeaeaiea, ii e oneiaey aeey a?anoa e inoaeaeaiey. Iiyoiio
i?aaenoaaeyaony oeaeaniia?aciui ?anniao?eaaoue yoe ii?iaoeau
ioaeaeueiuie ioieoaie.
1. Caaea?aeaiea eeoea i?iecaiaeeony oieueei ii iniiaaieyi, oeacaiiui a
caeiia. Caaea?aeaiiiio i?e a?anoa niiauathony i?e/eiu aai a?anoa e a
n?i/iii ii?yaeea niiauaaony ethaia i?aaeuyaeaiiia iaaeiaiea (i. 2 no. 9
Iaeoa i a?aaeaeaineeo e iieeoe/aneeo i?aaao). I?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue
“n?i/iinoe ii?yaeea” a ?aciuo no?aiao ii?aaeaeyaony ii-?aciiio.
Iai?eia?, no. 90 OIE ?NON? ?ac?aoaao caaea?aeeaaoue eeoei,
iiaeic?aaaaiia a niaa?oaiee i?anooieaiey, ia n?ie aei aeanyoe nooie aac
i?aaeuyaeaiey iaaeiaiey.
A Iaeoa niaea?aeeony iieiaeaiea i oii, /oi caaea?aeaiiia eee
a?anoiaaiiia eeoei aeieaeii iaiaaeeaiii aeinoaaeyoueny e noaeuea (a
ioa/anoaaiiii caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa iiaeiaiay ii?ia ionoonoaoao).
Ninoaaiie /anoueth noaiaea?oa yaeyaony o?aaiaaiea i niaeanee noaea ia
caeiiiinoue a?anoa eee caaea?aeaiey. O ian a ianoiyuaa a?aiy naieoeee
iiaeao aeaaaoue aua e i?ieo?i?, oioy Eiinoeoooeey o?aaoao
eneeth/eoaeueii naieoeee noaeuee (i?aaaea, aei aianaiey eciaiaiee a OIE
i?iaeieaeaao aeaenoaiaaoue noa?ue ii?yaeie).
Iaaeiyaiua ii aiciiaeiinoe iiiauathony ioaeaeueii io inoaeaeaiiuo, a
iaaeiyaiua ianiaa?oaiiieaoiea — ioaeaeueii io niaa?oaiiieaoieo.
Eaaeaeue caaea?aeaiiue e a?anoiaaiiue eiaao i?aai ia noaeaaiia
?acae?aoaeuenoai a oa/aiea ?acoiiiai n?iea eee ia inaiaiaeaeaiea. I?e
iacaeiiiinoe a?anoa eee caaea?aeaiey iino?aaeaaoee eiaao i?aai ia
eiiiainaoeeth. Cai?auaaony eeoaoue naiaiaeu ca iaeniieiaiea
a?aaeaeainei-i?aaiauo iaycaoaeuenoa (no. 11 Iaeoa).
2. Ana eeoea, eeoaiiua naiaiaeu, eiatho i?aai ia aoiaiiia ia?auaiea e
oaaaeaiea aeinoieinoaa, i?enouaai /aeiaa/aneie ee/iinoe (i. 1 no. 10
Iaeoa). Nouanoaotho Ieieiaeueiua noaiaea?oiua i?aaeea ia?auaiey n
caeeth/aiiuie io 30 aaaonoa 1955 aiaea, eioi?ua iiae?iaii ?aaoee?otho
yoio aii?in. A ieo onoaiaaeeaathony noaiaea?ou ioiineoaeueii aaaeaiey
o/aoa caeeth/aiiuo, niaea?aeaiey iiiauaiee, ee/iie aeaeaiu e ieoaiey,
iaeaaeaeu e o.i. I?e yoii ia?aie/eaaaony /?acia?iay no?iainoue a
ioiioaiee caeeth/aiiuo: iai?eia?, cai?auaaony iieueciaaoueny a ea/anoaa
n?aaenoaa iaeacaiey nie?eoaeueiuie ?oaaoeaie, eaiaeaeaie e o.i.
Nouanoaaiiie oeaeueth ?aaeeia iaieoaioeea?iuo caaaaeaiee yaeyaony
eni?aaeaiea e nioeeaeueiia ia?aainieoaiea caeeth/aiiuo (i. 3 no. 10
Iaeoa).
Ieieiaeueiua i?aaeea ?aaeecothony /a?ac iaoeeiiaeueiia
caeiiiaeaoaeuenoai. Iie iinyo ia iaycaoaeueiue, a eeoue
?aeiiaiaeaoaeueiue oa?aeoa? (i. 1 I?aaee).
3. Aeaeea?e?oaony i?aai naiaiaeii ia?aaeaeaaoueny e auae?aoue ianoi
aeeoaeuenoaa a i?aaeaeao ainoaea?noaa, a eioi?ii eeoei caeiiii
iaoiaeeony. Eaaeaeue iiaeao naiaiaeii iieeaeaoue ethaoth no?aio,
aeeth/ay naith nianoaaiioth. Ieeoi ia iiaeao auoue i?iecaieueii eeoai
i?aaa ia auacae a nianoaaiioth no?aio. Ia?aie/eaaoueny yoe i?aaa iiaoo
oieueei ia iniiaaiee caeiia a oeaeyo io?aiu ainoaea?noaaiiie
aaciianiinoe, iauanoaaiiiai ii?yaeea, caei?iauey eee i?aanoaaiiinoe
ianaeaiey, i?aa e naiaiae ae?oaeo (no. 12 Iaeoa).
Aunueea eiino?aioeaa ?ac?aoaia, ii ei i?aaeinoaaeythony iaeioi?ua
aa?aioee i?ioea i?iecaiea a oi?ia o?aaiaaiey ia?aniio?a ?aoaiey i
aunueea noaeii (no. 13 Iaeoa). Auoa aiai?eeinue, /oi cai?auaaony
yeno?aaeeoeey a ainoaea?noaa, aaea aunueaaiiio eeoeo iiaoo oa?iaeaoue
iuoee. Iaeiaei ia i?aeoeea yoa ii?ia oieeoaony ii-?aciiio.
A aeaea Vilvarajah v. United Kingdom, eanaaoainy iyoe oaieeia, iacaeiiii
auaoaaoeo a Aaeeeia?eoaieth e auneaiiuo ia?aoii a O?e-Eaieo, aaea iie
iiaeaa?aaeenue iuoeai e ecaeaieyi, aa?iiaeneee Noae ii i?aaai /aeiaaea
ia iaoae ia?ooaiey ii?iu no. 3 aa?iiaeneie Eiiaaioeee, cai?auathuae
iuoee. Oioy oaieeu i?aaeoi?aaeaeaee, /oi iie iiaeaa?aioony iuoeai ia
?iaeeia, e aeaenoaeoaeueii iiaeaa?aeenue ei, oioy aiaeeeneee noae
i?eciae naith iai?aaioo, Noae oeacae:
“Iineieueeo ioaaonoaaiiinoue aeiaiaa?eaathueony ainoaea?noa ii naiaio
oa?aeoa?o naycaia n aeaenoaeai, iiaeaa?aathuei eeoei ?eneo
iaiaaeeaaeauaai ia?auaiey, iaee/ea oaeiai ?enea aeieaeii ioeaieaaoueny
i?aaeaea anaai n o/aoii oaeoia, eioi?ua auee eee aeieaeiu auee auoue
ecaanoiu aeiaiaa?eaathuaiony ainoaea?noao ia iiiaio aunueee”.
Iiyoiio Noae nin?aaeioi/ee naia aieiaiea ia “i?aaeneacoaiuo
iineaaenoaeyo ioi?aaee cayaeoaey a O?e-Eaieo a naaoa iauaai iieiaeaiey a
yoie no?aia a oaa?aea 1988 a.” Noae iinoaiiaee, /oi n o/aoii oeo/oaiey
iieeoe/aneie e aiaiiie neooaoeee a ia?eiae, eiaaea Niaaeeiaiiia
Ei?ieaanoai i?eiyei naia ?aoaiea, i?ioiaeeaoae a oi a?aiy aeia?iaieueiie
?aiao?eaoeee oaieeueneeo aaaeaioeaa e iniauo ianoiyoaeuenoa, a eioi?uo
iaoiaeeeenue cayaeoaee, ia?ooaiey Eiiaaioeee ia auei Aeaeaien I.,
Eye ?., A?yaeee Y. Aa?iiaeneia i?aai a iaeanoe i?aa /aeiaaea (I?aeoeea e
eiiiaioa?ee).– I., 1997. N. 172 – 173..
Aua a no. 9 – 11 Aeaeea?aoeee auee aeeth/aiu noaiaea?ou, aa?aioe?othuea
oaieiaii-i?ioeannoaeueiua i?aaa ee/iinoe, a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue
iiaeic?aaaaiiai (iaaeiyaiiai, iiaenoaeeiiai), eioi?ua iieo/eee naia
?acaeoea a Iaeoa i a?aaeaeaineeo e iieeoe/aneeo i?aaao (no. 15, 16
Iaeoa), aaea io/anoe ?aaeaiaioe?othony e a?aaeaeainei-i?ioeannoaeueiua
i?aaa. Cae?aieaiu i?eioeeiu:
1) ?aaainoai anao ia?aae noaeii e caeiiii;
2) i?aai ia ni?aaaaeeeaia ?anniio?aiea aeaea eiiiaoaioiui, iacaaeneiui
e aani?eno?anoiui noaeii, nicaeaiiui ia iniiaa caeiia;
3) aeaniinoue e ioaee/iinoue i?ioeanna. Iaeiaei cae?aieaiu eneeth/aiey
ec i?eioeeia aeaniinoe. Cae?uoia canaaeaiea iacia/aaony:
— ii niia?aaeaieyi ii?aee, iauanoaaiiiai ii?yaeea eee ainoaea?noaaiiie
aaciianiinoe;
— i?e iniauo ianoiyoaeuenoaao, eiaaea ioaee/iinoue ia?ooaea au eioa?anu
i?aainoaeey, ii oieueei a oie ia?a, a eaeie, ii ?aoaieth noaea, yoi
no?iai iaiaoiaeeii. Eae oaea auei neacaii ?aiueoa, e oaeei iniaui
ianoiyoaeuenoaai iiaeao auoue ioianaii no?aieaiea iaania/eoue
aaciianiinoue o/anoieeia i?ioeanna.
Nouanoaotho eneeth/aiey e ec i?eioeeia ioaee/iinoe. Iie ioiinyony e
naiaeii-i?aaiaui ioiioaieyi (“iao?eiiieaeueiua nii?u” e iiaea iaae
aeaoueie), a oaeaea i?e caueoa eioa?ania ianiaa?oaiiieaoieo.
4) i?aai ia oneoae ia?aaiae/eea a neo/aa iaiaoiaeeiinoe;
5) cae?aieyaony i?eioeei i?acoiioeee iaaeiiaiinoe;
6) n?i/iinoue e naiaa?aiaiiinoue noaeaaiiai ?acae?aoaeuenoaa;
7) oaaaeiieaiea iaaeiyaiiai i oa?aeoa?a e iniiaaiee i?aaeuyaeaiiiai
iaaeiaiey;
8) i?aai ia caueoo, a i?e iaiaoiaeeiinoe — i?aai ia aacaiciacaeiia
iieueciaaiea oneoaaie caueoieea;
9) i?aai ia aeii?in e aucia naeaeaoaeae, cai?auaiea i?eioaeaeaoue
iaaeiyaiiai e aea/a iieacaiee i?ioea naiiai naay eee e i?eciaieth naay
aeiiaiui;
10) o/ao iniaaiiinoae aic?anoa ianiaa?oaiiieaoieo e niaeaenoaea
i?ioeanna eo ia?aainieoaieth;
11) i?aai inoaeaeaiiiai ia ia?aniio? aeaea auoanoiyuae einoaioeeae;
12) i?aai ia eiiiainaoeeth aeey ioeai/ii eee iacaeiiii inoaeaeaiiuo,
anee yoi ia i?iecioei ii aeia inoaeaeaiiiai;
13) cai?ao aeaaaeaeu iaeacuaaoue ca iaeii i?anooieaiea;
14) i?eioeei ia?aoiie neeu oaieiaiiai caeiia, niya/athuaai iaeacaiea, e
i?yiiai aeaenoaey caeiia, ioya/athuaai iaeacaiea;
15) i?aai eaaeaeiai ia i?eciaiea aai i?aainoauaeoiinoe (no. 16 Iaeoa i
a?aaeaeaineeo e iieeoe/aneeo i?aaao).
Ia?a/eneaiiua i?eioeeiu yaeythony eeoue aaciauie e ?acaeaathony
ainoaea?noaaie a iaoeeiiaeueiii caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa naiinoiyoaeueii. A
aeaiiii neo/aa iniaaiii ino?i noieo aii?in i niaethaeaiee noaiaea?oia.
Iai?eia?, a ?innee, iiieii i?i/eo i?iaeai noaeii?iecaiaenoaa, eiathony
na?ueaciua neiaeiinoe ni naiaa?aiaiiinoueth ?anniio?aiey aeae e iniaaiii
n aani?eno?anoiinoueth noaea.
?aeiiaiaeaoaeueiia cia/aiea eiatho Iniiaiua i?eioeeiu iacaaeneiinoe
noaeaaiuo i?aaiia, i?eiyoua VII Eiia?annii III ii i?aaeoi?aaeaeaieth
i?anooiiinoe e ia?auaieth n i?aaiia?ooeoaeyie 6 naioya?y 1985 aiaea. A
ieo ?anniao?eaathony aii?inu i?ioanneiiaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe e
a?aaeaeaineeo i?aa noaeae. Oae, aiai?eony i naiaiaea noaeae nicaeaaaoue
annioeeaoeee e anooiaoue a ieo aeey caueou naieo eioa?ania,
niaa?oainoaiaaiey naiae i?ioanneiiaeueiie iiaeaioiaee e nio?aiaiey naiae
noaeaaiie iacaaeneiinoe. Oeacuaaaony, /oi noaeuee aeieaeiu eiaoue
aa?aioe?iaaiiue n?ie iieiiii/ee aei auoiaea ia iaineth eee aei enoa/aiey
yoiai n?iea, anee ii onoaiiaeai.
Cae?aieaia nenoaia noaiaea?oia a naiaeii-i?aaiauo ioiioaieyo. Iaeo i
a?aaeaeaineeo e iieeoe/aneeo i?aaao ia?aie/eaaao i?iecaieueiia
aiaoaoaeuenoai a ee/ioth e naiaeioth aeeciue ee/iinoe, aa?aioe?oao i?aai
ia iai?eeiniiaaiiinoue aeeeeua, oaeio ei??aniiiaeaioeee, caueuaao io
iinyaaoaeuenoa ia /anoue e aeaeiaoth ?aiooaoeeth (no. 17). E?iia oiai,
aeaeea?e?oaony i?aai ia caueoo naiuee ni noi?iiu iauanoaa e
ainoaea?noaa.
I?eiaieoaeueii e aeaiiie a?oiia ioiioaiee iiaoi?yaony i?eioeei ?aaainoaa
ethaeae (a aeaiiii neo/aa aiai?eony i ioae/eia e aeaiueia e i noi?oaao).
I?iaicaeaoaaony iaycaiiinoue ainoaea?noaa caueuaoue aeaoae.
Iaeiaei yoi eeoue iaeaieaa iauea ii?iu. Iie ?acaeou a niaoeeaeueiuo
aeieoiaioao, a /anoiinoe a Eiiaaioeee i iieeoe/aneeo i?aaao aeaiuei io
31 ia?oa 1953 aiaea, Eiiaaioeee i eeeaeaeaoeee anao oi?i aeene?eieiaoeee
a ioiioaiee aeaiuei io 18 aeaeaa?y 1979 aiaea, Eiiaaioeee i i?aaao
?aaaiea, i?eiyoie a 1989 aiaeo, e a ae?oaeo aeoao.
Oae, Eiiaaioeey i iieeoe/aneeo i?aaao aeaiueiu caueuaao aeoeaiia e
ianneaiia ecae?aoaeueiia i?aai aeaiuei, Eiiaaioeey i i?aaao ?aaaiea
onoaiaaeeaaao eneeth/eoaeueii aoiaiiua i?aaeea ia?auaiey n aeaoueie. Yoi
i?aai ia iieo/aiea aanieaoiiai ia/aeueiiai ia?aciaaiey, i?aai ia eiy e
a?aaeaeainoai, niaoeeaeueiue ?aaeei aeey oece/anee eee oinoaaiii
iaiieiioeaiiuo aeaoae e o.ae.
Aianoa n oai, eiiaaea no?aieaiea e niaa?oainoao ieacuaaaony ioeai/iui.
Oae, Eiiaaioeey IIO io 9 ethey 1948 aiaea i ii/iii o?oaea aeaiuei a
i?iiuoeaiiinoe cai?aoeea oaeie o?oae. Iaeiaei ?yae ainoaea?noa,
ia?aiia/aeueii ?aoeoeoee?iaaaoeo yoo eiiaaioeeth, iicaeiaa ii
o?aaiaaieth naieo a?aaeaeai auee auioaeaeaiu aeaiiine?iaaoue aa, o.e.
iia, ii iiaieth naieo aeaiuei, ouaieyea eo ?aaiii?aaea n ioae/eiaie e
auea, oaeei ia?acii, enoi/ieeii aeene?eieiaoeee.
Oeaeue eiiieaen noaiaea?oia ioiineony e ?aaoee?iaaieth iieeoe/aneeo
i?aa:
1) i?aai ia ie?iua nia?aiey, eioi?ia iiaeao ia?aie/eaaoueny oieueei a
eioa?anao ainoaea?noaaiiie eee iauanoaaiiie aaciianiinoe, iauanoaaiiiai
ii?yaeea io?aiu caei?iauey e i?aanoaaiiinoe ianaeaiey eee caueou i?aa
ae?oaeo eeoe (no. 21 Iaeoa).
2) naiaiaea iunee, niaanoe e ?aeeaee (no. 18 Iaeoa). Yoi
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiua e eieeaeoeaiua i?aaa ia ioi?aaeaiea ?aeeaeiciuo
ia?yaeia, eniiaaaeaiea naiae ?aeeaee a /anoiii eee ioaee/iii ii?yaeea.
Eiia/ii, a ioaeaeueiuo neo/ayo iiaoo onoaiaaeeaaoueny ia?aie/aiey yoeo
naiaiae — i?e io?aia iauanoaaiiie aaciianiinoe, ii?yaeea, caei?iauey e
ii?aee, a oaeaea i?aa e naiaiae ae?oaeo eeoe (i. 3 no. 18 Iaeoa i
a?aaeaeaineeo e iieeoe/aneeo i?aaao). E?iia oiai, ?iaeeoaee e eiua
caeiiiua i?aaenoaaeoaee iaeaaeatho i?aaii inouanoaeyoue ?aeeaeiciia e
i?aanoaaiiia ainieoaiea aeaoae a niioaaonoaee n nianoaaiiuie
oaaaeaeaieyie.
3) naiaiaea neiaa. Ia?aie/aiey naiaiaeu neiaa onoaiaaeeaathony a
eioa?anao ae?oaeo eeoe, iauanoaa e ainoaea?noaa.
Naiaiaea neiaa i?aaenoaaeyao niaie i?aai ia aani?aiyonoaaiiia au?aaeaiea
naiaai iiaiey ii eiie?aoiui aii?inai. Nthaea aeeth/aaony naiaiaea
eneaoue, iieo/aoue e ?ani?ino?aiyoue ?aciiai ?iaea eioi?iaoeeth e eaeae,
aia caaeneiinoe io oa??eoi?eaeueiuo a?aieoe e oi?iu au?aaeaiey
niioaaonoaothuae eioi?iaoeee.
Iaeo cai?auaao i?iiaaaiaeo aieiu, a oaeaea ethaia aunooieaiea a iieueco
iaoeeiiaeueiie, ?aniaie eee ?aeeaeiciie iaiaaenoe (no. 20 Iaeoa). Yoi
iineoaeeei aeey ?yaea caiaaeiuo ainoaea?noa i?e/eiie aeey
aeaiaaiae/aneeo ooaa?aeaeaiee i oii, /oi yoi iieiaeaiea i?ioeai?a/eo
naiaiaea neiaa e ia aeieaeii auei aeeth/aoueny a Iaeo. I/aaeaeii, o eo
eeaea?ia ei?ioeay enoi?e/aneay iaiyoue: a?yae ee yoi o?aaiaaiea auei au
aunoaaeaii, anee au Iaeo i?eieiaeny n?aco iinea Aoi?ie ie?iaie aieiu.
I?iiaaaiaea aieiu auea inoaeaeaia aua a ?aciethoeee Aaia?aeueiie
Annaiaeae III 110 (II) io 3 iiya?y 1947 a. Oai ia iaiaa, yoa noaouey
noaea iaeiei ec iniiaaiee aeey iieiiai ioeaca ioaeaeueiuo ainoaea?noa
?aoeoeoee?iaaoue aanue aeieoiaio eee ii iaiueoae ia?a aeey caoyaeee
?aoeoeeaoeee Ea?oaoeei A. A. Iaaeaeoia?iaeiay caueoa i?aa /aeiaaea.– I.,
1976. N. 93 – 94..
3) e iieeoe/aneei i?aaai Iaeo ioiineo oaeaea i?aai ia nicaeaiea
annioeeaoeee, a oii /enea annioeeaoeee aeey caueou naieo
i?ioanneiiaeueiuo eioa?ania — i?ionithcia (no. 22). Ianiiiaiii, /oi yoi
i/aiue aaaeiia i?aai, iaeiaei i?aai ia nicaeaiea e o/anoea a i?ionithcao
ii naiae i?e?iaea nei?aa yeiiiie/aneia, a ia iieeoe/aneia i?aai.
Aeeth/aiea aai a Iaeo i a?aaeaeaineeo e iieeoe/aneeo i?aaao iauyniyaony
ia i?aaeiaoii ?aaoee?iaaiey Iaeoa, a noiaenoaii ?aaoee?oaiuo ioiioaiee,
o.e. i?ionithcu — iaeei ec aeaeia annioeeaoeee.
Ia?aie/aiey ia iieueciaaiea yoei i?aaii — oaeea aea, eae e a ae?oaeo
iiaeiaiuo neo/ayo: iaiaoiaeeiua a eioa?anao ainoaea?noaaiiie eee
iauanoaaiiie aaciianiinoe, iauanoaaiiiai ii?yaeea, io?aiu caei?iauey e
i?aanoaaiiinoe ianaeaiey eee caueou i?aa e naiaiae ae?oaeo eeoe. E?iia
oiai, ?ac?aoaaony ia?aie/eaaoue aeayoaeueiinoue annioeeaoeee e
i?ionithcia a iieeoeee e aii?oaeaiiuo neeao (i. 2 no. 22 Iaeoa).
4) i?aaa ia o/anoea a oi?aaeaiee. Yoi o/anoea a aeayoaeueiinoe
einoeoooia iaiin?aaenoaaiiie aeaiie?aoee, a iiin?aaeiaaiii oi?aaeaiea
inouanoaeyaony iooai eniieueciaaiey einoeoooia i?aaenoaaeoaeueiie
aeaiie?aoee. Aa?aioe?oaony anaiauaa ?aaiia ecae?aoaeueiia i?aai i?e
oaeiii aieiniaaiee, iaania/eaathuaa naiaiaeiia aieaecuyaeaiea
ecae?aoaeae. Aeiiieieoaeueii e oeacaiiui i?aaai onoaiaaeeaaaony e?eoa?ee
aeiionea e ainoaea?noaaiiie neoaeaa — ?aaainoai i?aoaiaeaioia.
Iaeiiaoe, Iaeo i a?aaeaeaineeo e iieeoe/aneeo i?aaao aeaeea?e?oao
?aaainoai anao ethaeae e cai?auaao aeene?eieiaoeeth, a aeey
i?aaenoaaeoaeae ?acee/iuo iaiueoeinoa (yoie/aneeo, ?aeeaeiciuo e
ycueiauo) iiaoi?yaony iieiaeaiea i naiaiaea aa?ieniiaaaeaiey, naiaiaea
iieueciaaoueny naiae eoeueoo?ie e ?iaeiui ycueii. Aeaiiua noaiaea?ou
yaeythony iauai?eiyouie e ia ioaeaeathony a iniauo eiiiaioa?eyo.
A oeaeii neaaeoao neacaoue, /oi i?eaaaeaiiue ia?a/aiue a?aaeaeaineeo e
iieeoe/aneeo i?aa /aeiaaea, ia yaeyynue en/a?iuaathuei, aeinoaoi/ii
iieii io?aaeaao iniiaiua iai?aaeaiey iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai ?aaoee?iaaiey
niioaaonoaothueo i?aa. I?eaaaeaiea iieiiai ia?a/iy, o/eouaay
ia?aie/aiiue iauai ianoiyuae ?aaiou, i?aaenoaaeyaony iaoeaeaniia?aciui.
Noieo ioiaoeoue neaaeothuee oaeo. Ia oiaeyy cia/aiey niioaaonoaothueo
noaiaea?oia, caiaoei, /oi ia iie naaiaeiy a oeaio?a iao/iuo nii?ia, a
i?aeoeea eo i?eiaiaiey. Aeey iieiiai oyniaiey nouiinoe e cia/aiey
noaiaea?oia iaiaoiaeeii oynieoue oi?iu e niiniau aeayoaeueiinoe
iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo noaeaaiuo e eiuo aa?aioe?othueo e eiinoeueoaoeaiuo
i?aaiia.
Aeaaa 2
Iaoaieci iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai eiio?iey (eiieaiaioaoeey) a?aaeaeaineeo e
iieeoe/aneeo i?aa /aeiaaea
2.1. Iauea iieiaeaiey.
A
aeaiiie aeaaa ?a/ue iieaeao i oi?iao e niiniaao iaania/aiey
niaethaeaiey a?aaeaeaineeo e iieeoe/aneeo i?aa /aeiaaea ia
iaaeaeoia?iaeiii o?iaia.
Iaaei neacaoue, /oi aeaiiay i?iaeaia i?eia?aea iniaia cia/aiea a
iineaaeiaa a?aiy. Anee ?aiueoa iniiaiia aieiaiea i?e ?ac?aaioea
iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo aeoia ia?auaeinue ia niaea?aeaiea iaoa?eaeueiuo ii?i e
oi?ie?iaaiea iiauo noaiaea?oia, oi n ainueieaeanyouo aiaeia oii?
aeaeaaony ia iiauoaiea yooaeoeaiinoe nouanoaothueo e aiiaue nicaeaaaaiuo
noaiaea?oia.
Nicaeathony iiaua i?aaiu eiio?iey, eciaiythony ooieoeee aeaenoaothueo.
Iaeei ec iineaaeieo i?eia?ia oaeiai ?iaea, i eioi?ii aua aoaeao
aiai?eoueny iiae?iaiaa,— yoi Aa?iiaeneee noae ii i?aaai /aeiaaea.
Oa?aeoa?ecoy nenoaio eiieaiaioaoeee a oeaeii, ioiaoei, /oi iiaeii
auaeaeeoue aeaa a?oiiu niioaaonoaothueo i?aaiia:
1) iiae yaeaeie III (Iaaeaeoia?iaeiue noae III, IIO, AIC, YEININ,
THIANEI, Aa?oiaiue eiienna? III ii i?aaai /aeiaaea, Eiieoao ii i?aaai
/aeiaaea e o. ae.)
2) eiua eiieaiaioaoeeiiiua i?aaiu (iai?eia?, Aa?iiaeneay eiienney ii
i?aaai /aeiaaea e Aa?iiaeneee noae ii i?aaai /aeiaaea).
Niioaaonoaothuea i?aaiu iaeaaeatho ?acee/iie eiiiaoaioeeae, oioy eiiaaea
iia ia?anaeaaony. Ia?aaeei aeey ia/aea eo aeayoaeueiinoe o?aaoaony
niaethaeaiea caeioa?aniaaiiuie eeoeaie ii?aaeaeaiiuo oneiaee (oaeea
oneiaey anoue o Aa?iiaeneiai noaea). A ae?oaeo neo/ayo ieeaeeo oneiaee
ia o?aaoaony, ?aaioa ii auyaeaieth e i?aaeoi?aaeaeaieth ia?ooaiee
inouanoaeyaony aaoiiaoe/anee (oae aeaenoaoao Eiieoao ii i?aaai ?aaaiea).
Aeey iieiiai iiieiaiey oiai, eae inouanoaeyaony eiieaiaioaoeey, iaaei
?anniio?aoue noaoon iniiaiuo i?aaiia a yoie iaeanoe.
A oeaeii iiaeii neacaoue, /oi aeayoaeueiinoue ?aciiia?aciuo eiieoaoia
aeinoaoi/ii iaeiioeiia. Iiaoi?ythony ia oieueei iauea iieiaeaiey i
ii?yaeea eca?aiey yenia?oia, ii oaeaea iaeeiaeiau iiiaea ooieoeee e
i?ioeaaeo?u. Eo ?acee/ea iaoneiaeaii eneeth/eoaeueii noa?ie
aeayoaeueiinoe eiie?aoiuo eiieoaoia.
Aiai?y i iaoaiecia eiieaiaioaoeee eae a ?aieao III, oae e aia aa, iiaeii
auaeaeeoue iaeioi?ua iauea /a?ou, eioi?ua ioia/atho aeaiiue i?ioeann,
naiaai ?iaea yoaiu eee aaoe:
1) ia?aue yoai (ii aeai i?eiaieoaeueii e o?iaith III, ii iiaeiaiay noaia
nio?aiyao naia aeaenoaea e ia anao ae?oaeo o?iaiyo: iai?eia?, ia o?iaia
Aa?iiaeneiai Nithca):
ianoaeaeaiea ia Aaia?aeueiie Annaiaeaa III ethauo aii?inia ii i?aaai
/aeiaaea n i?eiyoeai ?aeiiaiaeaoeee /eaiai III e Niaaoo Aaciianiinoe;
i?aaeinoaaeaiea ainoaea?noaaie aeieeaaeia Aaia?aeueiiio nae?aoa?th III
(eeai YEININ, niaoeeaeece?iaaiiui o/?aaeaeaieyi III, eiieoaoai e
eiienneyi) i i?eieiaaiuo eie caeiiao a iaeanoe i?aa /aeiaaea e
i?eaaaeaiey iaoeeiiaeueiiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa a niioaaonoaea n
iaaeaeoia?iaeiuie niaeaoaieyie, o/anoieeaie eioi?uo iie yaeythony;
?anniio?aiea aeieeaaeia eee eo /anoae a YEININ (eeai
niaoeeaeece?iaaiiuo o/?aaeaeaieyo) n au?aaioeie i?iaeoia eiiaaioeee e
?aeiiaiaeaoeee;
2) aoi?ie yoai:
o?aaoee?iaaiea a niioaaonoaothueo eiieoaoao (naiinoiyoaeueii eee n
iiiiuueth ?acee/iuo niaeaneoaeueiuo eiiennee e i?ioeaaeo?) nii?ia
iaaeaeo ainoaea?noaaie ioiineoaeueii i?eiaiaiey eee oieeiaaiey
eiiaaioeee;
?anniio?aiea nii?ia a iaeanoe i?aa /aeiaaea Iaaeaeoia?iaeiui noaeii
III, Aa?iiaeneei noaeii;
?anniio?aiea eiieoaoaie ii iiaeaaaeiinoaaiiinoe ia?ooaiee
a?aaeaeaineeo eee iieeoe/aneeo i?aa e eiuo ia?ooaiee eiiaaioeee.
2.2. Aa?oiaiue eiienna? III ii i?aaai /aeiaaea.
I
ino Aa?oiaiiai eiienna?a o/?aaeaeai ?aciethoeeae Aaia?aeueiie Annaiaeae
III 48/141 io 20 aeaeaa?y 1993 aiaea. Oaeia ?aoaiea auei i?eiyoi ia
iniiaaiee Aaineie Aeaeea?aoeee e I?ia?aiiu aeaenoaee, i?eiyouo Anaie?iie
eiioa?aioeeae ii i?aaai /aeiaaea (Aaia, 14 – 25 ethiy 1993 aiaea).
Aa?oiaiue eiienna? iacia/aaony Aaia?aeueiui nae?aoa?ai III ia 4 aiaea e
ooaa?aeaeaaony Aaia?aeueiie Annaiaeaae. A aeaeueiaeoai aiciiaeii
i?iaeeaiea n?iea aua ia 4 aiaea.
E eeoeo, iacia/aaiiio ia aeieaeiinoue Aa?oiaiiai eiienna?a,
i?aaeuyaeythony aunieea o?aaiaaiey: ii aeieaeai iaeaaeaoue aunieeie
ii?aeueiuie onoiyie e /anoiinoueth, eiaoue aeinoaoi/iue iiuo (a oii
/enea a noa?a i?aa /aeiaaea). Iaiaeiaaaeii, /oiau Aa?oiaiue eiienna?
oaeaea iaeaaeae iaueie ciaieyie e iiieiaieai ?aciuo eoeueoo?. Yoi
iaiaoiaeeii aeey ii?iaeueiiai, iauaeoeaiiai, yooaeoeaiiai,
iaecae?aoaeueiiai e aani?eno?anoiiai auiieiaiey ei naieo iaycaiiinoae.
Noaoon Aa?oiaiiai eiienna?a III ii i?aaai /aeiaaea ii?aaeaeyaony
neaaeothueie iiceoeeyie:
Aa?oiaiue eiienna? yaeyaony aeieaeiinoiui eeoeii III, ii aeieaeiinoe ii
niioaaonoaoao o?iaith caianoeoaey Aaia?aeueiiai nae?aoa?y III,
?aciauaaony a AEaiaaa e eiaao ioaeaeaiea nayce a Iueth-Ei?ea. Iiae
?oeiaiaenoaii e yaeaeie Aaia?aeueiiai Nae?aoa?y ii ianao iniiaioth
ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca aeayoaeueiinoue III a iaeanoe i?aa /aeiaaea.
Iniiaiuie ii?iaoeaiuie aeoaie, ?aaoee?othueie aeayoaeueiinoue Aa?oiaiiai
Eiienna?a, yaeythony Onoaa III, Anaiauay aeaeea?aoeey i?aa /aeiaaea e
eiua iaaeaeoia?iaeiua aeieoiaiou a iaeanoe i?aa /aeiaaea e
iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai i?aaa. Ii iaycai oaaaeaoue noaa?aieoao,
oa??eoi?eaeueioth oeaeinoiinoue e iaoeeiiaeueioth th?enaeeeoeeth
ainoaea?noa. I?e yoii aaaeii iiiieoue, /oi aeaeea?e?oaony anaia?iia
iiiu?aiea e caueoa anao i?aa /aeiaaea, i?e/ai yoio aii?in ia yaeyaony
aioo?aiiei aeaeii eiie?aoiiai ainoaea?noaa, a aieioao ana ie?iaia
niiauanoai. Iaaeaeo i?i/ei, oaeay eaeaieiaey i?eaaea e aic?iaeaeaieth
oaanoaai auei i?eioeeia “aoiaieoa?iie eioa?aaioeee” e e i?ienoiaeyuae
nae/an aieia a THaineaaee.
Aa?oiaiue eiienna? ?oeiaiaenoaoaony oai, /oi ana i?aaa /aeiaaea
yaeythony iaaeaeeiuie, oieaa?naeueiuie, acaeiinaycaiiuie e
acaeiicaaeneiuie. I?e anae iaiaoiaeeiinoe o/eouaaoue cia/eiinoue
?aaeiiaeueiuo iniaaiiinoae e ?acee/iiai enoi?e/aneiai, eoeueoo?iiai e
?aeeaeiciiai iiuoa ainoaea?noa iacaaeneii io eo iieeoe/aneeo,
yeiiiie/aneeo e eoeueoo?iuo nenoai, yoe ainoaea?noaa iaycaiu iiiu?youe e
caueuaoue ana i?aaa /aeiaaea e iniiaiua naiaiaeu. Eneeth/eoaeueii aaaeia
ooieoeey niaeaenoaey Aa?oiaiiai eiienna?a naaeaine?iaaiiiio e
onoie/eaiio ?acaeoeth a eioa?anao anao ethaeae e iaania/aiey ?aaeecaoeee
i?aaa ia ?acaeoea.
Iieiiii/ey Aa?oiaiiai eiienna?a ia auoiaeyo ca ?aiee iauae eiiiaoaioeee
Aaia?aeueiie Annaiaeae III, YEININ e Eiiennee III ii i?aaai /aeiaaea, a
niioaaonoaothuea i?aaiii/ey au?aaeathony, a /anoiinoe, a ?aoaieyo
oeacaiiuo i?aaiia.
Oaeei ia?acii, a /enea iniiaiuo caaea/ Aa?oiaiiai eiienna?a iiaeii
auaeaeeoue neaaeothuea iai?aaeaiey:
iiiu?youe e caueuaoue yooaeoeaiia inouanoaeaiea anaie ethaeueie anao
a?aaeaeaineeo, eoeueoo?iuo, yeiiiie/aneeo, iieeoe/aneeo e nioeeaeueiuo
i?aa;
auiieiyoue caaea/e, ii?o/aiiua aio eiiiaoaioiuie i?aaiaie nenoaiu III
a iaeanoe i?aa /aeiaaea, e i?aaenoaaeyoue ei ?aeiiaiaeaoeee a oeaeyo
niaeaenoaey yooaeoeaiiio iiiu?aieth e caueoa anao i?aa /aeiaaea;
ieacuaaoue /a?ac Oeaio? ii i?aaai /aeiaaea, Nae?aoa?eao III e ae?oaea
niioaaonoaothuea o/?aaeaeaiey eiinoeueoaoeaiua oneoae e oeiainiaoth
iiiiuue ii i?inueaa caeioa?aniaaiiiai ainoaea?noaa e ?aaeiiaeueiuo
i?aaiecaoeee ii i?aaai /aeiaaea n oeaeueth iiaeaea?aeaoue inouanoaeaiea
ia? e i?ia?aii a iaeanoe i?aa /aeiaaea;
?anoe?youe iaaeaeoia?iaeiia nio?oaeie/anoai a oeaeyo iiiu?aiey e
caueou anao i?aa /aeiaaea;
eii?aeeie?iaaoue niioaaonoaothuea o/aaiua e i?iiaaaiaeenoneea
i?ia?aiiu III a iaeanoe i?aa /aeiaaea;
ea?aoue aeoeaioth ?ieue a aeaea ono?aiaiey iuiaoieo i?aiyonoaee e
?aoaiey iiauo caaea/ ia iooe e iieiie ?aaeecaoeee i?aa /aeiaaea ai anai
ie?a;
iiaeaea?aeeaaoue i?e inouanoaeaiee naiaai iaiaeaoa aeeaeia n
i?aaeoaeuenoaaie anao no?ai;
eii?aeeie?iaaoue aeayoaeueiinoue a iaeanoe iiiu?aiey e caueou i?aa
/aeiaaea a ?aieao anae nenoaiu III;
inouanoaeyoue ?aoeeiiaeecaoeeth, aaeaioaoeeth, oe?aieaiea e
iioeiecaoeeth iaoaieciia III a iaeanoe i?aa /aeiaaea a oeaeyo iiauoaiey
eo aeaenoaaiiinoe e yooaeoeaiinoe;
inouanoaeyoue iauaa ?oeiaiaenoai aeayoaeueiinoueth Oeaio?a ii i?aaai
/aeiaaea;
i?aaenoaaeyoue aaeaaiaeiue aeieeaae i naiae aeayoaeueiinoe Eiiennee
III ii i?aaai /aeiaaea, a /a?ac YEININ — Aaia?aeueiie Annaiaeaa III.
2.3. Eiieoao ii i?aaai /aeiaaea.
Ae
aiiue i?aai ia?aciaai a ?aieao Iaeoa i a?aaeaeaineeo e iieeoe/aneeo
i?aaao (no. 28 – 45). Eiieoao ninoieo ec 18 /aeiaae, ecae?aaiuo ia
/aou?a aiaea oaeiui aieiniaaieai ec nienea eeoe, eioi?ue i?aaeinoaaeyao
Aaia?aeueiue nae?aoa?ue III. A aeaeueiaeoai aiciiaeii ia?aeca?aiea.
AEaeaoaeueii o/anoea ianeieueeeo eeoe, iaeaaeathueo th?eaee/aneei
iiuoii.
I?e auai?ao i?eieiaaony ai aieiaiea ni?aaaaeeeaia aaia?aoe/aneia
?ani?aaeaeaiea /eaiia e i?aaenoaaeoaeuenoai ?acee/iuo oi?i oeeaeeecaoeee
e iniiaiuo th?eaee/aneeo nenoai.
Eiieoao eco/aao aeieeaaeu, eioi?ua iai?aaeythony aio ainoaea?noaaie, e
ioi?aaeyao eo ni naieie i?aaeeiaeaieyie e caia/aieyie a YEININ. Oaeaea
ii ?anniao?eaaao aii?inu e cayaeaiey, eanathueany ia?ooaiey i?aa e
naiaiae /aeiaaea, a niioaaonoaee ni no. 41 e 42 Iaeoa e iieiaeaieyie
oaeoeueoaoeaiiai i?ioieiea e Iaeoo i a?aaeaeaineeo e iieeoe/aneeo
i?aaao.
Eiieoao ii i?aaai /aeiaaea i?eieiaao e ?anniao?eaaao niiauaiey io eeoe,
yaeythueony aea?oaaie ia?ooaiey eaeei-eeai ainoaea?noaii ii?aaeaeaiiuo
i?aa e naiaiae, eceiaeaiiuo a Iaeoa.
I?e yoii aeieaeiu auoue niaethaeaiu iaeioi?ua oneiaey:
1) ainoaea?noai, /ae a?aaeaeaiei iiaeae aeaeiao a Eiieoao, yaeyaony
o/anoieeii Iaeoa e I?ioieiea I;
2) eeoei, iiaeaaoaa aeaeiao, en/a?iaei ana eiathueany n?aaenoaa i?aaiaie
caueou eeai i?eiaiaiea oaeeo n?aaenoa iaii?aaaeaiii caoyaeaaaony;
3) aeaiiue aii?in iaeiia?aiaiii ia ?anniao?eaaaony a niioaaonoaee n
ae?oaie i?ioeaaeo?ie iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai ?acae?aoaeuenoaa eee
o?aaoee?iaaiey;
4) aeaeiaa ia yaeyaony aiiieiiie.
2.4. Eiieoao i?ioea iuoie.
Y
oio eiieoao ia?aciaai a ?aieao Eiiaaioeee i?ioea iuoie e ae?oaeo
aeanoieeo, aan/aeiaa/iuo eee oieaeathueo aeinoieinoai aeaeia ia?auaiey e
iaeacaiey (no. 17 – 22).
Eiieoao ninoieo ec 10 yenia?oia, iaeaaeathueo aunieeie ii?aeueiuie
ea/anoaaie e i?eciaiiie eiiiaoaioiinoueth a iaeanoe i?aa /aeiaaea.
Yenia?ou aunooiatho a ee/iii ea/anoaa, oi anoue ia i?aaenoaaeytho
ii?aaeaeaiiua ainoaea?noaa.
Yenia?ou ecae?athony ainoaea?noaaie — o/anoieeaie Eiiaaioeee n o/aoii
ni?aaaaeeeaiai aaia?aoe/aneiai ?ani?aaeaeaiey ec /enea eeoe, eiathueo
th?eaee/aneee iiuo. N?ie aeayoaeueiinoe a aeieaeiinoe yenia?oa — aeaa
aiaea n i?aaii ia?aeca?aiey.
Eiieoao i?ioea iuoie, iieo/ea aeinoiaa?ioth eioi?iaoeeth i
nenoaiaoe/aneii i?eiaiaiee iuoie ia oa??eoi?ee ainoaea?noaa — o/anoieea
Eiiaaioeee, i?eciaaoaai eiiiaoaioeeth Eiieoaoa, ai?aaa:
i?aaeeiaeeoue ainoaea?noao-o/anoieeo nio?oaeie/aoue a ?anniio?aiee
iieo/aiiie eioi?iaoeee;
iacia/eoue iaeiiai eee ianeieueei naieo /eaiia aeey i?iaaaeaiey
eiioeaeaioeeaeueiiai ?anneaaeiaaiey, aeeth/ay iinauaiea oa??eoi?ee yoiai
ainoaea?noaa n aai niaeaney, a ii caaa?oaiee ?anneaaeiaaiey iie aeieaeiu
n?i/ii i?aaenoaaeoue aeieeaae n ?acoeueoaoaie Eiieoaoo e
ainoaea?noao-o/anoieeo.
I/aiue aaaeii, /oi ?aaioa Eiieoaoa iineo eiioeaeaioeeaeueiue oa?aeoa? e
i?ioiaeeo i?e nio?oaeie/anoaa n niioaaonoaothuei
ainoaea?noaii-o/anoieeii, ia oa??eoi?ee eioi?iai e aaaeaony
?anneaaeiaaiea. Yoi iicaieyao ainoaea?noao o/anoaiaaoue a oeacaiiuo
i?ioeaaeo?ao aac oua?aa aeey naiaai iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai i?anoeaea.
Iaeiaei aaeaaiaeii Eiieoao i?aaenoaaeyao aeieeaae ainoaea?noaai —
o/anoieeai Eiiaaioeee e Aaia?aeueiie Annaiaeaa III, e a yoio aeieeaae
aeeth/aaony e?aoeee io/ao i i?iaaaeaiiuo ?anneaaeiaaieyo.
2.5. Eiieoao ii i?aaai ?aaaiea.
I
i?iaoeaiay iniiaa aeey Eiieoaoa — no. 43–45 Eiiaaioeee i i?aaao
?aaaiea.
A Eiieoao aoiaeyo 10 yenia?oia, iaeaaeathueo aunieeie i?aanoaaiiuie
ea/anoaaie e i?eciaiiie eiiiaoaioeeae. Yenia?ou aunooiatho a ee/iii
ea/anoaa.
Iie ecae?athony ainoaea?noaaie — o/anoieeaie Eiiaaioeee n?ieii ia /aou?a
aiaea n i?aaii ia?aeca?aiey. Eae iau/ii, i?e yoii aeieaeiu o/eouaaoueny
i?eioeeiu ni?aaaaeeeaiai aaia?aoe/aneiai ?ani?aaeaeaiey e
i?aaenoaaeoaeuenoaa iniiaiuo i?aaiauo nenoai.
Eiieoao iiaeao cai?aoeaaoue o ainoaea?noa-o/anoieeia eioi?iaoeeth i
auiieiaiee eie o?aaiaaiee Eiiaaioeee, i oaeoe/aneii iieiaeaiee aeaoae a
no?aia.
Ii niae?aao e aiaeece?oao eioi?iaoeeth i iieiaeaiee aeaoae a ?acee/iuo
no?aiao, au?aaaouaaao niioaaonoaothuea ?aeiiaiaeaoeee e iaeei ?ac a aeaa
aiaea /a?ac YEININ i?aaenoaaeyao aeieeaae Aaia?aeueiie Annaiaeaa III ni
naieie i?aaeeiaeaieyie e ?aeiiaiaeaoeeyie.
Eiieoao ?aaioaao a oaniii acaeiiaeaenoaee n ?acee/iuie
niaoeeaeece?iaaiiuie o/?aaeaeaieyie III (IIO, AIC, Aeaoneei oiiaeii III
(THIENAO) e iaeioi?uie ae?oaeie), a oaeaea n eiuie i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiuie e
iai?aaeoaeuenoaaiiuie i?aaiecaoeeyie.
2.6. Eiieoao ii eeeaeaeaoeee aeene?eieiaoeee a ioiioaiee aeaiuei.
O
eacaiiue i?aai ia?aciaai a ?aieao Eiiaaioeee i eeeaeaeaoeee anao oi?i
aeene?eieiaoeee aeaiuei (no. 17 – 22).
Ii ninoieo ec 23 yenia?oia, iaeaaeathueo aunieeie ii?aeueiuie ea/anoaaie
e eiiiaoaioiinoueth. Iie aunooiatho oaeaea a ee/iii ea/anoaa.
Yenia?ou ecae?athony ainoaea?noaaie — o/anoieeaie Eiiaaioeee n?ieii ia
/aou?a aiaea n o/aoii ni?aaaaeeeaiai aaia?aoe/aneiai ?ani?aaeaeaiey,
i?aaenoaaeoaeuenoaa ?acee/iuo oi?i oeeaeeecaoeee e iniiaiuo i?aaiauo
nenoai.
Eiieoao ?anniao?eaaao ana oi?iu aeene?eieiaoeee a ioiioaiee aeaiuei.
Oaeaea ?anniao?eaathony iinooiathuea aeaeiau. I?e yoii Eiieoao
nio?oaeie/aao n ainoaea?noaaie-o/anoieeaie Eiiaaioeee a ?anniio?aiee e
?ac?aoaiee aeaiiuo aeaeia.
Ii ?acoeueoaoai naiae aeayoaeueiinoe Eiieoao i?aaenoaaeyao aaeaaiaeiue
aeieeaae Aaia?aeueiie Annaiaeaa III i i?iaeaeaiiie ?aaioa. Ooaea aea
aeeth/athony i?aaeeiaeaiey e ?aeiiaiaeaoeee iauaai oa?aeoa?a ia iniiaa
eco/aiey aeieeaaeia e eioi?iaoeee, iieo/aaiie io ainoaea?noa.
2.7. Aa?iiaeneay aoiaieoa?iay thnoeoeey.
A
ianoiyuaa a?aiy aua iao aaniethoii aaeeiiai i?aaia aa?iiaeneie
aoiaieoa?iie thnoeoeee. Iiea /oi ninoiyiea aeae a yoie iaeanoe oaeiai.
Nouanoaoao Aa?iiaeneay eiienney ii i?aaai /aeiaaea e ioaeaeueii
Aa?iiaeneee noae ii i?aaai /aeiaaea, eioi?ua aeaenoaotho ia iniiaaiee
aa?iiaeneie Eiiaaioeee i caueoa i?aa /aeiaaea e iniiaiuo naiaiae io 4
iiya?y 1950 aiaea.
Eiienney eiaao iaania/eaathuaa cia/aiea: iia ?anniao?eaaao cayaeaiey
caeioa?aniaaiiuo eeoe e i?eieiaao i?aaeaa?eoaeueiia ?aoaiea —
ia?aaeaaaoue eo a Noae eee iao. A oeaeii aea o iaa /aou?a ooieoeee:
1) iooeeueo?iauaaoue aeaeiau (/a?ac Nae?aoa?eao eee iooai i?eiyoey
?aoaiey i iai?eaieaiinoe);
2) ii inoaaoeiny aeaeai iia aunooiaao iin?aaeieeii a nii?a e no?aieony
aeinoe/ue ae?oaeanoaaiiiai o?aaoee?iaaiey;
3) anee ae?oaeanoaaiiia o?aaoee?iaaiea iaaiciiaeii, Eiienney ?anneaaeoao
oaeou e i?aaenoaaeyao naie auaiaeu;
4) Eiienney iieiiii/ia naia aicaoaeaeaoue e iiaeaea?aeeaaoue enee a
Noaea.
I ?iee Eiiennee aiai?yo oaeea oeeo?u: oieueei a 1983 aiaeo iinooieei
3150 cayaeaiee, ec ieo auei ca?aaeno?e?iaaii 499, a i?eaieaiuie a eoiaa
iauyaeee anaai 29 cayaeaiee. A n 1955 aei 1989 aiaea a oeaeii ec
iinooieaoeo ii/oe 16 000 cayaeaiee aue i?eciaii i?eaieaiuie 670.
O?aaiaaiey e iiaeaoaeyi aeaeia onoaiiaeaiu no. 26 Aa?iiaeneie eiiaaioeee
i i?aaao /aeiaaea:
“Eiienney iiaeao i?eieiaoue aeaei e ?anniio?aieth, oieueei anee auee
eniieueciaaiu ana aioo?aiiea n?aaenoaa caueou, e ?anniao?eaaoue aeaei a
niioaaonoaee n iauai?eciaiiuie ii?iaie iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai i?aaa e eeoue a
oa/aiea oanoe ianyoeaa n aeaou auianaiey ieii/aoaeueiiai ?aoaiey
iaoeeiiaeueiuie i?aaiaie”.
Oaeaea ia ?anniao?eaathony aeaeiau, anee iie aiiieiiu eee anee
iaeeiaeiaia ii nouanoao aeaei oaea ?anniao?eaaeinue Eiienneae eee eiie
iaaeaeoia?iaeiie i?aaiecaoeeae. E?eoa?ee i?eaieaiinoe oaeaea onoaiiaeaiu
Eiiaaioeeae: yoi niioaaonoaea aeaeiau iieiaeaieyi Eiiaaioeee, yaiay
iaiainiiaaiiinoue eee ceioiio?aaeaiea i?aaii iiaea/e aeaeiau.
E inoaeueiua ooieoeee Eiiennee iaeuecy iacaaoue i?inoie
oi?iaeueiinoueth. Eiathony aeaea, a eioi?uo i?iyaeyeenue eiaiii yoe
noi?iiu.
Neaaeothuay, oeaio?aeueiay noaaeey ?aaiou n iinooieaoae aeaeiaie,— aa
?anniio?aiea a Noaea. Eioa?anii, /oi aia?aua eiaiii Aa?iiaeneee noae
noae ?anniao?eaaoue enee, aaea iaeiie ec noi?ii yaeyeenue a?aaeaeaia.
Aei yoiai a aeieo?eia iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai i?aaa ainiiaenoaiaaee
iiceoeaenoneea eiioeaioeee, niaeanii eioi?ui noauaeoaie iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo
ioiioaiee yaeyeenue eeoue ainoaea?noaa, a /anoiua eeoea auee eo
iauaeoaie.
Oioy aieueoay /anoue ainoaea?noa Aa?iiaeneiai Nithca i?eiaaeeaaeeo e
?iiaii-aa?iaineie nenoaia i?aaa, iaeiaei a i?aeoeea Aa?iiaeneiai noaea
oe?iei i?eiaiythony i?aoeaaeaiou. Aieaa oiai, ?anniio?aiea aiaeiae/iiai
aeaea a i?ioeii yaeyaony iniiaaieai aeey i?eciaiey enea iai?eaieaiui.
I?e a?aoiaioaoeee naiae iiceoeee Noae /anoi nnueaaony ia naie i?aaeiea
?aoaiey.
Ioaeaeueiua o?oaeiinoe aicieeatho ec-ca oiai, /oi ?aoaiey Noaea ia iinyo
th?eaee/anee iaycaoaeueiiai oa?aeoa?a aeey ainoaea?noa, i?eciaaoeo aai
th?enaeeeoeeth. Yoi e iiiyoii: eaaeaeia ainoaea?noai yaeyaony
naiinoiyoaeueiui iineoaeai naiaai noaa?aieoaoa, e ieeoi ia iiaeao
canoaaeoue aai neaaeiaaoue i?aaeienaieyi Noaea. A ?acoeueoaoa Noae
aeieaeai ?ann/eoaoue, ianeieueei i?eioeeieaeueia iiceoeey ainoaea?noaa,
e ia neeoeii neeueii aeaaeoue ia iaai: eia/a ?aoaiea i?inoi ia aoaeao
auiieiaii. A yoii aniaeoa Noae iiiaaiea i?aiaa?aaaao
i?eioeeieaeueiinoueth e aii?inaie /enoiai i?aaa (iai?eia?, a aeaea ia
e?eaiaeneie ecae?aoaeueiie nenoaia).
Oaeay neooaoeey eiaao ianoi nae/an. Ii a ianoiyuaa a?aiy eaeao ?aoi?ia
Eiiennee e Noaea, eioi?ay i?aaeoniao?eaaao na?ueaciua eciaiaiey a
noaoona Noaea.
E iath 1994 aiaea aue ?ac?aaioai I?ioieie ?11 e Aa?iiaeneie Eiiaaioeee i
caueoa i?aa /aeiaaea e iniiaiuo naiaiae. Ii i?aaeoniao?eaaao neeyiea
Eiiennee e Noaea e i?aa?auaiea iiaiai Noaea a i?ioanneiiaeueiue i?aai. A
ianoiyuaa a?aiy ia i?ioanneiiaeueiie iniiaa ?aaioaao oieueei
aniiiiaaoaeueiue aiia?ao Eiiennee, a /anoiinoe Nae?aoa?eao.
I?e ?aaeecaoeee o?aaiaaiee yoiai i?ioieiea i?iecieaeoo na?ueaciua
eciaiaiey, eioi?ua iauaeoeaii oaea o?aaothony. Yoi iaoneiaeaii a ia?aoth
i/a?aaeue aieueoie ia?aa?oaeaiiinoueth Noaea e Eiiennee. I?e neeyiee
oi?i/aony iacaaeneiinoue Noaea e aai noaeaaiua ooieoeee a
i?ioeaiiieiaeiinoue iieeoe/aneei aniaeoai aeayoaeueiinoe. Nouanoaothuay
aeaoonooiai/aoay i?ioeaaeo?a ioee/aaony cia/eoaeueiui aeoaee?iaaieai,
/oi iiyoue-oaee caoyaeaaao ?anniio?aiea aeae. Aua iaeii i?aeiouanoai
naycaii n oai aniaeoii aeayoaeueiinoe aa?iiaeneie i?aaicaueoiie nenoaiu,
i eioi?ii iiea ia oiiieiaeinue. Aeaei a oii, /oi Eiienney iiaeao
ia?aaeaaaoue aeaea ia ?anniio?aiea ia oieueei a Noae, ii e a aa?iiaeneee
Eiieoao ieieno?ia. Anoanoaaiii, /oi yoio i?aai i?eieiaao ?aoaiey enoiaey
a iniiaiii ec niia?aaeaiee iieeoe/aneie oeaeaniia?aciinoe, a ia ec
/enoiai i?aaa. A oiaea ?aoi?iu i?aaeiieaaaaony inaiaiaeeoue Eiieoao
ieieno?ia io ianaienoaaiiuo aio ooieoeee.
Iaeiaei anoue e i?ioeaieee eaeae neeyiey, eioi?ua aiai?yo, /oi a
?acoeueoaoa nieceony aieiaiea e eaaeaeiio eiie?aoiiio aeaeo, /oi
iaaeaeoia?iaeiay nenoaia ia aeieaeia auoue iniiaaia ia /enoi noaeaaiii
iiaeoiaea, eiaiii iioiio /oi iia iaaeaeoia?iaeiay. Iianathony, /oi
neeyiea i?aaiia a nenoaio n aaeeiui Noaeii iaianao oua?a i?eie?eoaeueiie
ooieoeee.
I?ioieie oaea ?aoeoeoee?iaai iaiaoiaeeiui /eneii ainoaea?noa e anooiee a
neeo. Iaeiaei iiea eaeao ia?aoiaeiue ia?eiae, eiaaea caaa?oaao naith
?aaioo Eiienney. A iae caaa?oaaony i?iecaiaenoai ii eiathueiny aeaeai, e
e eiioeo aiaea iia aoaeao ieii/aoaeueii eeeaeaee?iaaia.
Aunieee noaoon Noaea iiae/a?eeaaaony oaeaea oai, /oi eaaeaeue aai
noaeuey — yoi i?aaenoaaeoaeue iaeiiai ec ainoaea?noa, iiaeiaaeathuaai
iiae aai th?enaeeeoeeth. Noaeuee ooaa?aeaeathony Aa?iiaeneei ia?eaiaioii
aaniethoiui aieueoeinoaii aieinia ec /enea o?ao eaiaeeaeaoia,
i?aaenoaaeaiiuo i?aaeoaeuenoaaie niioaaonoaothueo ainoaea?noa.
Aiai?y i aeayoaeueiinoe noaea, iaaei oiiiyiooue, /oi eiaiii ii aia?aua
ia oaeii aunieii o?iaia iiaeiye iaeioi?ua aii?inu, ia iieo/eaoea aei
yoiai ni?aaaaeeeaiai ?ac?aoaiey a caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa. A ea/anoaa i?eia?a
iiaeii iacaaoue naenoaeueiua ioiioaiey n iao?aaeeoeeiiiie i?eaioaoeeae,
th?eaee/aneee noaoon o?ainnaenoaeia e aeaoae, ?iaeeaoeony aia a?aea.
Aa?iiaeneee noae aeinoaoi/ii inoi?iaeii iiaeoiaeeo e ?anniio?aieth
eaaeaeiai aeaea. Ii no?aieony ?oeiaiaenoaiaaoueny a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue
i?eioeeiaie ni?aaaaeeeainoe. Iieacaoaeai a yoii ioiioaiee neaaeothuee
oaeo. Ecia/aeueii ninoycaoaeueiinoue a Noaea auea aanueia ona/aiiie,
o. e. no. 44 Eiiaaioeee ?ac?aoaea aunooiaoue ia?aae Noaeii oieueei
i?aaenoaaeoaeyi caeioa?aniaaiiuo ainoaea?noa e i?aaenoaaeoaeyi Eiiennee
ii i?aaai /aeiaaea, eioi?ua aeieaeiu auee eceaaaoue aii?inu oaeoa e naia
aani?eno?anoiia iiaiea. A ia?auo aea naieo ?aoaieyo Noae ?ac?aoee
Eiiennee ionoaeaaoue iiaiea e eioa?anu enooea, aua /a?ac aeanyoue eao
?ac?aoee aaeaieaoai enooea i?eieiaoue o/anoea a onoiii
noaeii?iecaiaenoaa a ea/anoaa iiiiuieeia, a caoai i?aaeinoaaee /anoiui
eeoeai aiciiaeiinoue iacaaeneiiai i?aaenoaaeoaeuenoaa. Naaiaeiy eiaiii
ia ieo oaeoe/anee aiceiaeaia iaycaiiinoue aeieacuaaiey. A iiaie
?aaeaeoeee oeacaiiie ii?iu iiaeoaa?aeaeaia i?aaeeueiinoue iiceoeee Noaea
(no. 38 Eiiaaioeee).
A oeaeii iiaeii neacaoue, /oi ?aoaiey Noaea iaaeeaiii, ii aa?ii
noaiiayony /anoueth iaoeeiiaeueiiai i?aaa aa?iiaeneeo ainoaea?noa. N
o/aoii iacaaeneiie aoiaienoe/aneie iiceoeee Noaea, aai aeayoaeueiinoue
aaaeao e aeaeueiaeoae eeaa?aeecaoeee ii?i, ?aaeaiaioe?othueo i?aaa
/aeiaaea. Iaeiiaoe, eiei?ii?aoeey ?aoaiee Noaea a iaoeeiiaeueiua
i?aaiaua nenoaiu niinianoaoao oieoeeaoeee anaai aa?iiaeneiai i?aaa a
naiii oe?ieii niunea yoiai neiaa, a neaaeiaaoaeueii, e oe?aieaieth
Aa?iiaeneiai Nithca.
Caeeth/aiea
I
u ?anniio?aee aaaeiaeoea iniaaiiinoe a ?aaoee?iaaiee a?aaeaeaineeo e
iieeoe/aneeo i?aa /aeiaaea ia iaaeaeoia?iaeii-i?aaiaii o?iaia e a naiuo
iaueo /a?oao iaoaieci eiieaiaioaoeee.
E niaeaeaieth, iauai eo?niaie ?aaiou ia iicaieee i?iaanoe aieaa
aeaoaeueiue aiaeec nia?aiaiiuo oaiaeaioeee a i?aaii?eiaiaiee. A
/anoiinoe, oioaeinue au ia i?eia?a Aa?iiaeneiai noaea ii i?aaai /aeiaaea
i?ineaaeeoue caeiiiia?iinoe yaiethoeee aeaeea?e?iaaiiuo a
iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo aeoao (a /anoiinoe, a aa?iiaeneie Aeaeea?aoeee i caueoa
i?aa /aeiaaea e iniiaiuo naiaiae) i?eioeeiia.
A yaiethoeey eaeao. E noaeaaiay i?aeoeea a yoii ea?aao aeaeaei ia
iineaaeithth ?ieue. Eiaiii ec i?aeoeee aeayoaeueiinoe Aa?iiaeneiai noaea
enoiaeeee i?e i?eiyoee iiaie ?aaeaeoeee aoi?iai ?acaeaea aa?iiaeneie
Eiiaaioeee. Auoa oaea aiai?eeinue i oii, /oi, iai?eia?, i?aa?auaiea
a?aaeaeai a ?aaiii?aaiuo o/anoieeia i?ioeanna — caneoaa Aa?iiaeneiai
noaea.
Naaiaeiy eae ieeiaaea ino?i noieo aii?in i iaaeaeoia?iaeii-i?aaiauo
aa?aioeyo niaethaeaiey i?aa /aeiaaea. A nayce n aieiie a THaineaaee
anoae aii?in i ii?aeueiii i?aaa ie?iaiai niiauanoaa ia i?eiaiaiea
aoiaieoa?iie eioa?aaioeee.
N iaeiie noi?iiu, a eiie?aoiii ainoaea?noaa (a aeaiiii neo/aa —
THaineaaee) na?ueacii ia?ooathony i?aaa /aeiaaea. N ae?oaie — i?e
“ainnoaiiaeaiee ni?aaaaeeeainoe” aeaioo iaaeiiua ethaee. Aea e a?yae ee
aiiaua iiaeii ana?ueac iaaeayoueny ia niaethaeaiea niioaaonoaothueo
noaiaea?oia a aoaeouai.
E oiio aea anoaao e oaeie aii?in: iaoaeaee iiaeiaiua ia?u aoaeoo i?e
iaiaoiaeeiinoe i?aaei?eiyou e i?ioea eaeie-ieaoaeue neeueiie no?aiu,
niiniaiie aaeaeaaoii ioaaoeoue aa?anni?o? Iai?eia?, i?ioea NOA eee
O?aioeee?
Ioaao iiiyoai: eiia/ii, iao. Eiaiii iiyoiio naia aoiaieoa?iay
eioa?aaioeey i?aa?auaaony a oeeoeeth, a niinia ?ani?aau n iaoaiaeiuie
ainoaea?noaaie eee caaiaaaiey iiauo ?uieia.
Iu aeieaeiu iiiieoue, /oi i?e anae aaaeiinoe e aeaaea iaiaoiaeeiinoe
iaaeaeoia?iaeii-i?aaiaiai ?aaoee?iaaiey ioaeaeueiuo einoeoooia, a
/anoiinoe a?aaeaeaineeo e iieeoe/aneeo i?aa /aeiaaea, aeieaeai
niaethaeaoueny i?eioeei noaa?aieoaoa ainoaea?noa.
A ianoiyuaa a?aiy eiaaony iaoe?iay aaca noaiaea?oia, iaeaieeaaaony
noaeaaiay i?aeoeea eo i?eiaiaiey. Iaeiaei i?e ionoonoaee ?aaeueii
aeaenoaothuaai iaoaiecia eiieaiaioaoeee aeaiiua ii?iu i?aa?aoyony a
“ia?oaua”.
Ii naaiaeiy iu iiaeai neacaoue, /oi a oeaeii eiieaiaioaoeey i?ioiaeeo ia
aeinoaoi/ii aunieii o?iaia. ?aaeueii auiieiythony niioaaonoaothuea
ii?iaoeau, i?e eo ia?ooaiee neaaeotho yooaeoeaiua naieoeee, eioi?ua
iicaieytho aac aiaiiiai aiaoaoaeuenoaa iaania/eoue caeiiiinoue.
Ii?iaoeaiua aeou e eeoa?aoo?a
1. Eiinoeoooeey ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee. I., 1993.
2. Anaiauay aeaeea?aoeey i?aa /aeiaaea. // Iaaeaeoia?iaeiay caueoa i?aa
e naiaiae /aeiaaea. Nai?iee aeieoiaioia.– I., 1990.
3. Iaaeaeoia?iaeiue iaeo i a?aaeaeaineeo e iieeoe/aneeo i?aaao. //
Iaaeaeoia?iaeiay caueoa i?aa e naiaiae /aeiaaea. Nai?iee aeieoiaioia.–
I., 1990.
4. Iaaeaeoia?iaeiue iaeo ia yeiiiie/aneeo, nioeeaeueiuo e eoeueoo?iuo
i?aaao. // Iaaeaeoia?iaeiay caueoa i?aa e naiaiae /aeiaaea. Nai?iee
aeieoiaioia.– I., 1990.
5. Eiiaaioeey i caueoa i?aa /aeiaaea e iniiaiuo naiaiae. // Aeaeaien I.,
Eye ?., A?yaeee Y. Aa?iiaeneia i?aai a iaeanoe i?aa /aeiaaea (I?aeoeea e
eiiiaioa?ee).– I., 1997.
6. A?ioiee ss. Iaaeaeoia?iaeiia i?aai.– I., 1977. O. 2.
7. Aeaeaien I., Eye ?., A?yaeee Y. Aa?iiaeneia i?aai a iaeanoe i?aa
/aeiaaea (I?aeoeea e eiiiaioa?ee).– I., 1997.
8. Ea?oaoeei A. A. Iaaeaeoia?iaeiay caueoa i?aa /aeiaaea (Iniiaiua
i?iaeaiu nio?oaeie/anoaa ainoaea?noa).– I., 1976.
9. Iaiia A. A. III e niaeaenoaea inouanoaeaieth niaeaoaiee i i?aaao
/aeiaaea.– I.,1986.
10. Iaaeaeoia?iaeiay caueoa i?aa e naiaiae /aeiaaea. Nai?iee
aeieoiaioia.– I., 1990.
11. Iaaeaeoia?iaeiia i?aai. / Ioa. ?aae. TH. I. Eieinia, A. E.
Eociaoeia.– I., 1995.
12. Iaaeaeoia?iaeiia i?aai ia neoaeaa ie?a e nio?oaeie/anoaa
ainoaea?noa.– I., 1981.
13. Iaaeaeoia?iaeiia ioaee/iia i?aai. /Iiae ?aae. E. A. Aaeyoaaa.–
I., 1998.
14. Iaaeaeoia?iaeiia nio?oaeie/anoai e i?aaa /aeiaaea. ?aoa?aoeaiue
nai?iee.– I., 1989.
15. I?aaa /aeiaaea. Nai?iee iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo aeieoiaioia.– I., 1986.
16. Yioei I. E. Iaaeaeoia?iaeiua aa?aioee i?aa /aeiaaea (I?aeoeea Niaaoa
Aa?iiu).– I., 1992.
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