IAAEAeOIA?IAeIUE IACAAENEIUE
YEIEIAI-IIEEOIEIAE*ANEEE
OIEAA?NEOAO
?AOA?AO
II NIOeEIEIAEE
OAIA: Nouiinoue, no?oeoo?a e ooieoeee naiuee
?aaioo auiieiee
AAAe?AOIAIIA ?.?.
nooaeaio 203 a?oiiu OAEOEUeOAOA
NIOe. INEOIEIAEE
IINEAA 1998
IEAI ?AOA?AOA
1. Nouiinoue, no?oeoo?a e ooieoeee naiuee
2. Oeiu naiaeiie i?aaiecaoeee e aeeciaiiue oeeee naiuee
3. ?iee iooea e iaoa?e a naiuea
Iauaiea a naiuea
?acaiae
Caeeth/aiea
AEAEEIA?AOEss
1. AAAeIUE I.N., «Naiuey–caei?iauea–iauanoai», I., 1986
2. AeAAEEAA E.A., «ss e iiy naiuey», Oao.eieaiecaeaoaeuenoai 1984
3. INEIIA A.A., EIAAEAIEI TH.I. «Nioeeieiaey», I., 1990
Nai?iee noaoae «Eoeueoo?a naiaeiuo ioiioaiee» I., 1985
OA?*AA A.A., IAOeEIANEEE I.N. «Nia?aiaiiay naiuey e a? i?iaeaiu I.,1978
IA?EIAE* Ae. «Iauay nioeeieiaey», ?-ia aeiio, 1993
Aaaaeaiea
Aeaiiay ?aaioa ia i?aoaiaeoao ia caaiea eo/oae a aeaiiie iaeanoe
nioeeieiaee (o.a. a nioeeieiaee naiuee)–oae eae ii yoie i?iaeaia iiiai
iaienaii e i?iecaaaeaii aieueoia eiee/anoai enneaaeiaaiee. Aaoi? aea
noaaee ia?aae niaie ianeieueei eioth oeaeue: /oiau i?e iaienaiee
?aoa?aoa oioy au iaiiiai naiiio ?acia?aoueny ai anai iiiaiia?acee
naiaeiie aeecie. Iiyoiio ?aaioa, ia iie acaeyae, iaienaia ianeieueei
noiao?ii e aac yaiie eiaeee eceiaeaiey.
Nouiinoue no?oeoo?a e ooieoeee naiuee
Naiuey–y/aeea (iaeay nioeeaeueiay a?oiia) iauanoaa, aaaeiaeoay oi?ia
i?aaiecaoeee ee/iiai auoa, iniiaaiiay ia noi?oaeaneii nithca e
?iaenoaaiiuo naycyo, o.a. ioiioaieyo iaaeaeo ioaeai e aeaiie,
?iaeeoaeyie e aeaoueie, a?aoueyie e nano?aie, e ae?oaeie
?iaenoaaiieeaie, aeeaoueie aianoa e aaaeoueie iauaa oicyenoai ia iniiaa
aaeeiiai naiaeiiai athaeaeaoa. AEeciue naiuee oa?aeoa?ecoaony
iaoa?eaeueiuie e aeooiaiuie i?ioeannaie. *a?ac naiueth niaiythony
iieieaiey ethaeae, a iae /aeiaae ?iaeaeaaony, /a?ac iaa i?iaeieaeaaony
?iae. Naiuey, aa oi?iu e ooieoeee iai?yioth caaenyo io iauanoaaiiuo
ioiioaiee a oeaeii, a oaeaea io o?iaiy eoeueoo?iiai ?acaeoey iauanoaa.
Anoanoaaiii, /ai aoa eoeueoo?a iauanoaa, neaaeiaaoaeueii oai auoa
eoeueoo?a naiuee.
Iiiyoea naiuey ia neaaeoao iooaoue n iiiyoeai a?ae. Naiuey i?aaenoaaeyao
niaie aieaa neiaeioth nenoaio ioiioaiee, /ai a?ae, o.e. iia iauaaeeiyao
ia oieueei noi?oaia, ii e eo aeaoae, ae?oaeo ?iaenoaaiieeia.
Aioo?enaiaeiua ioiioaiey iiaoo auoue eae e ia?niiaeueiua (ioiioaiey
iaaeaeo iaoa?ueth e nuiii) oae e a?oiiiaua (iaaeaeo ?iaeeoaeyie e
aeaoueie eee iaaeaeo noi?oaeaneeie ia?aie a aieueoeo naiueyo).
Nouiinoue naiuee io?aaeaaony a aa ooieoeeyo, a no?oeoo?a e a ?ieaaii
iiaaaeaiee aa /eaiia.
Aaaeiaeoeie ooieoeeyie naiuee yaeythony: ?ai?iaeoeoeaiay,
oicyenoaaiii-iio?aaeoaeueneay, ainieoaoaeueiay e ainnoaiiaeoaeueiay.
?ai?iaeoeoeaiay ooieoeey aeeth/aao a naay aini?iecaiaenoai a aeaoyo
/eneaiiinoe ?iaeeoaeae, o.a. i?eieiaao o/anoea a eiee/anoaaiiii e
ea/anoaaiiii aini?iecaiaenoaa ianaeaiey. Iiaeii neacaoue, /oi yoi naiay
aaaeiay ooieoeey. Aaaeue, ?annoaeaeay eiae/anee, /oiau /a?ac 24-30 eao
ianaeaiea iaoae no?aiu auei ia iaiueoa, /ai nae/an, iaiaoiaeeii, /oiau
aeaoae a naiuea auei ia iaiueoa /ai ?iaeeoaeae. AEaeaoaeueii aeaaea
aieueoa, o.e. eiiaaea aeaia aeaoae ii oai eee eiui i?e/eiai ia anaaaea
aini?iecaiaeyo naieo ?iaeeoaeae. A oeaeii 1000 /aeiaae ianaeaiey,
ninoiyuaai ec 2o aeaoiuo naiae, /a?ac 25-30 eao oa?ytho o?aoue naiae
/eneaiiinoe e ii noaoenoeea aeey aini?iecaiaenoaa ianaeaiey ?innee
iaaei, /oiau i?eia?ii 50 % naiae eiaee 3 aeaoae. A ianoiyuaa a?aiy, ii
i?e/eia i?aiaeaaeaiey ai?iaeneiai ia?aca aeecie, oaaee/aiey caiyoinoe
aeaiuei, oyaeaeaeoaai yeiiiie/aneiai iieiaeaiey ?iaeaeaaiinoue iaaeaao.
Eiia/ii, noieo ioiaoeoue e naycue iauaai eiee/anoaa ?acaiaeia e aai?oia.
Oaeei ia?acii iiaeao ieacaoueny, /oi ia aeaoo iaineiia?ia aoaeao
i?eoiaeeoueny iaeei ?aaioiee. N yoie oi/ee c?aiey ainoaea?noai
caeioa?aniaaii a oaaee/aiee iiiaiaeaoiuo naiae, nicaeaiee ei
ii?aaeaeaiiuo eueaio. Ii niio?y ia yoi eia/a, a /anoiinoe n iiceoeee
oaiaeaioeee oaaee/aiey ?iaeaeaiey a iiiaiaeaoiuo naiueyo aeaoae n
iaoieiaeyie, ia?aianaeaiey ec-ca ia?aie/aiiinoe ?ano?nia, oaaee/aiey
ia?aaioathuaai ianaeaiey e ae?oaeo oaeoi?ia, iiaeii i?aaeiieiaeeoue, /oi
ia aeaiiii yoaia oaaee/aiea aeaoi?iaeaeaaiinoe e iiiaiaeaoiuo naiae ia
anoue iiceoeaiay noi?iia.
Oicyenoaaiii-iio?aaeoaeueneay ooieoeey naiuee ioaaouaaao ?acee/iua
aniaeou naiaeiuo ioiioaiee. Yoi aaaeaiea aeiiaoiaai oicyenoaa,
niaethaeaiea aeiiaoiaai athaeaeaoa, oi?aaeaiea naiueae, i?iaeaia
aeaineiai o?oaea…
Naiuey eae ia?ae/iay y/aeea yaeyaony ainieoaoaeueiie eieuaaeueth
/aeiaa/anoaa. A naiuea aeaaiui ia?acii ainieouaathony aeaoe. A naiuea
?aaaiie iieo/aao ia?aua o?oaeiaua iaauee. O iaai ?acaeaaaony oiaiea
oeaieoue e oaaaeaoue o?oae ethaeae, oai ii i?eia?aoaao iiuo caaiou i
?iaeeoaeyo, ?iaeiuo e aeeceeo, o/eony ?acoiiiio iio?aaeaieth ?acee/iuo
iaoa?eaeueiuo aeaa, iaeaieeaaao iiuo iauaiey n aeaiueaaie.
Eo/oee i?eia?-yoi i?eia? ?iaeeoaeae. A aieueoeinoaa neo/aaa aeaoe
yaeythony io?aaeaieai ?iaeeoaeae. Eiia/ii aea, ainieoaoaeueiay ooieoeey
ia yoii ia en/a?iuaaaony. Iiaeii aiai?eoue e i naiiainieoaiee a naiuea.
Ainnoaiiaeoaeueiay ooieoeey naiuee ninoieo a iiaeaea?aeaiee caei?iauey,
aeeciaiiiai oiiona, i?aaiecaoeee aeinoaa e ioaeuoa, naiuey noaiiaeony
icaei?iaeoaeueiie n?aaeie, aaea ethaie /eai naiuee ai?aaa iaaeayoueny ia
caaioeeaia ioiioaiea ?iaeiuo e aeeceeo. Aeey yoiai o?aaoaony ia oieueei
i?aanoaaiii-ineoieiae/aneay iiaeaioiaea, ii e niaethaeaiea ?aaeeia
o?oaea e ioaeuoa, ?aaeeia ieoaiey e i?i/aa.
I?aaiecaoeey aeinoaa ea?aao aieueooth ?ieue a ainnoaiiaeaiee. Aeinoa
neoaeeo n?aaenoaii ainnoaiiaeaiey oece/aneeo e aeooiaiuo nee /aeiaaea.
*anoi aeinoa i?ienoiaeeo o eaaeaeiai ii-naiaio. Eoi oi niio?eo OA,
neooaao iocueo e o.ae. yoi yaeyaony ianneaiui ioaeuoii. *aeiaae
ioaeaeaaony a aeoeaiii ioaeuoa–iooaoanoaey, i?iaoeee. Yoi i?eiineo
aieueoa caei?iauey aeey naiuee a oeaeii e eaaeaeiai a? /eaiia.
Iiae no?oeoo?ie naiuee iiieiaaony niaieoiiinoue ioiioaiee iaaeaeo aa
/eaiaie, aeeth/ay iiieii ioiioaiee ?iaenoaa e nenoaio aeooiaiuo,
i?aanoaaiiuo ioiioaiee, a oii /enea ioiioaiee aeanoe, aaoi?eoaoa, e
o.ae. Auaeaeytho aaoi?eoa?ioth no?oeoo?o, aaea naiuee aeaeyony ia
aaoi?eoa?iua e aeaiie?aoe/aneea. Aiaeia yoiio–aeaeaiea ia
iao?ea?oaeueiua, iao?ea?oaeueiua e yaaeeoa?iua naiuee. Yaaeeoa?iua
naiuee a ianoiyuee iiiaio caieiatho eeaee?othuaa iieiaeaiea a ?acaeouo
no?aiao.
?ieaaia acaeiiaeaenoaea a naiuea anoue niaieoiiinoue ii?i e ia?acoeia
iiaaaeaiey iaeieo /eaiia naiuee ii ioiioaieth e ae?oaei. O?aaeeoeeiiiua
?iee, eiaaea aeaiueia aaea aeiiaoiaa oicyenoai, ainieouaaea aeaoae, a
ioae aue oicyeiii, nianoaaiieeii eiouanoaa e iaania/eaae yeiiiie/aneoth
naiinoiyoaeueiinoue naiuee, eciaieeenue. Ia naaiaeiyoiee aeaiue
iiaeaaeythuaa /enei aeaiuei o/anoaotho a i?iecaiaenoaaiiie
aeayoaeueiinoe, yeiiiie/aneii iaania/aiee naiuee, i?eieiatho ?aaiia
o/anoea a iauanoaaiiuo ?aoaieyo. N iaeiie noi?iiu yoi niinianoaiaaei
?acaeoeth aeaiueiu eae ee/iinoe, ?aaiinoe noi?oaia, ii n ae?oaie–i?eaaei
e nieaeaieth o?iaiy ?iaeaeaaiinoe e oaaee/aieth /enea ?acaiaeia.
Iniiaie nia?aiaiiiai a?aea noaiiayony ia yeiiiie/aneea eee noaooniua, a
yiioeeiiaeueiua noi?iiu iaaeee/iinoiuo ioiioaiee.
Oeiu naiaeiie i?aaiecaoeee e aeeciaiiue oeeee naiuee
Nouanoaotho neaaeothuea iauea i?eioeeiu auaeaeaiey oeiia naiaeiie
i?aaiecaoeee e naiae. A caaeneiinoe io oi?iu a?aea ?acee/atho iiii e
iieeaaieth. Iiiiaaiiay naiuey–oaeay, aaea ia iaeiiai ioae/eio
i?eoiaeeony iaeia aeaia, a ioee/ee io iieeaaiee, eioi?ay o?aeooaony eae
iiiaiaeainoai. A caaeneiinoe io no?oeoo?u ?iaenoaaiiuo naycae auaeaeytho
?acee/iua oeiu naiae. Iaeaieaa ?ani?ino?aiaiiui oeiii yaeyaony i?inoay
(ioeeaa?iay) naiuey, i?aaenoaaeythuay niaie noi?oaeaneoth ia?o n
aeaoueie, ia ninoiyueie a a?aea. ?anoe?aiioth (neiaeioth) no?oeoo?o
naiuey i?eia?aoaao a neo/aa eiaaea eoi oi ec aeaoae anooiaao a a?ae. Iia
aeeth/aao a naay 3 e aieaa iieieaiey eee aea 2 e aieaa ioeeaa?iuo naiae,
aeeaoueo aianoa e aaaeoueo iauaa oicyenoai.
Aeey oeiieiaee naiae, a /anoiinoe ioeeaa?iuo, aaaeii iaee/ea iaieo
noi?oaia, ia?acothueo yae?i naiuee. A caaeneiinoe io yoiai auaeaeytho
iieioth naiueth n iaieie noi?oaaie e iaiieioth, n ionoonoaeai iaeiiai ec
ieo.
A ianoiyuaa a?aiy a iaoae no?aia i?aiaeaaeatho i?inoua naiuee, eiathuea
aeaoae eee aac ieo. Neiaeiua aea naiuee, ninoiyuea ec 2 eee aieaa
noi?oaeaneeo ia? ninoaaeytho 4,3 % io anao naiae a no?aiao NIA.( )
N?aaeiyy aaee/eia naiuee eieaaeaony io 3 n?aaee ai?iaeneiai ianaeaiey
Eaoaee e Ynoiiee aei 6-7 n?aaee naeueneiai ianaeaiey Oo?eiaienoaia e
Oaaeaeeeenoaia. A ?ani?aaeaeaiee naiae ii aaee/eia iiaeii auaeaeeoue
o?e ?aaeiia: n i?aiaeaaeaieai iaeuo naiae–I?eaaeoeeneea no?aiu, Oe?aeia
e aieueoay /anoue ?innee; n i?aiaeaaeaieai n?aaeieo naiae aeeth/aao
Aaei?onneth, A?oceth, Iieaeaaeth; n i?aiaeaaeaieai aieueoeo naiae
aeeth/aao no?aiu N?aaeiae Acee, A?iaieth, Aca?aaeaeaeai.
Naiuey i?ioiaeeo ?yae yoaiia ec eioi?uo neeaaeuaaaony aeeciaiiue oeeee
naiuee. Auaeaeyaony ?acee/iia /enei oac yoiai oeeeea. Yoi ia?aciaaiea
naiuee–anooieaiea a ia?aue a?ae; ia/aei aeaoi?iaeaeaiey–?iaeaeaiea
ia?aiai ?aaaiea; ieii/aiea aeaoi?iaeaeaiey–?iaeaeaiea iineaaeiaai
?aaaiea; «ionoia aiacaei»–anooieaiea a a?ae e auaeaeaiea ec naiuee
iineaaeiaai ?aaaiea; i?ae?auaiea nouanoaiaaiey naiuee–nia?oue iaeiiai ec
noi?oaia.
AEeciaiiue oeeee oaeaea iacuaatho iiaeaeueth ?acaeoey naiuee, eioi?ay
enneaaeoaony ii oeaea aic?anoa noi?oaia (eee iaeiiai ec ieo).
Ec oaaeeoeu A aeaeii, /oi aeeciaiiue oeeee naiuee ?aiueoa ia/eiaaony a
Eiaeee (n?aaeiee aic?ano aeaiueiu i?e yoii 14,6 eao), oae aea eae e
eii/aaony. I?eia? NOA iieacuaaao caaeneiinoue ?acaeoinoe iauanoaa e
oaaee/aiey aeeciaiiiai oeeeea naiuee.
Oaaeeoea 1: oacu aeeciaiiiai oeeeea a ioaeaeueiuo no?aiao
OACA OeEEEA Aic?ano aeaiueiu a ia/aea oacu
NO?AIA NOA EIAeEss ssIIIEss
AIAeU IA?AIENAE 1890 1959 1956
1960
Anooieaiea a ia?aue a?ae 22,0 20,2 14,6 24,4
?iaeaeaiea ia?aiai ?aaaiea 23,0
21,6 18,2 26,3
?iaeaeaiea iineaaeiaai ?aaaiea 31,9 25,8 37,0 28,7
Anooieaiea a a?ae iineaaeiaai ?aaaiea 55,3 47,1 53,0 54,5
Nia?oue noi?oaa 53,3 63,6 39,5 69,1
Oaaeeoea ec A.I. Ineiiaa e TH.I. Eiaaeaiei, «Nioeeieiaey»,I.,
!990-287no?.
?ieue iooea e iaoa?e a naiuea
Ai ana a?aiaia aaeeei e ia/ai ia caiaieii auei ianoi iooea a naiuea.
I?e?iaeie e iauanoaii eaaeaeue ioae/eia iiaeaioaaeeaaaony e oiio, /oi au
noaoue ioaeai, iooeii, eae e eaaeaeay aeaiueia–iaoa?ueth e aeaiie.
*aeiaae anaaaea aeoiaao i oii, /oi inoaiaony iinea iaai, eiaaea ii
oeaeao ec aeecie. Iaaea?ii iiaeia/aii, /oi /aeiaae eae aea?aai, iiao/
naieie ei?iyie. Iiyoiio, anooiay a a?ae, ioae/eia aa?ao ia naay
ia?iiioth ioaaonoaaiiinoue–auoue iooeii, iii?ie a naiuea.
Iaeiaei n ?ani?ino?aiaieai ai?iaeneiai ia?aca aeecie, oaeoe/anee ana
/aua naiaeiie aeeciueth ?oeiaiaeeo aeaiueia–aeaia, iaoue. Aaoi?eoao
iooea cia/eoaeueii oiae, ec-ca nie?auaiey aeiee o/anoey aai a naiaeiuo
aeaeao. A nia?aiaiiuo eaa?oe?ao anoue ana e aeaoe /anoi ia aeaeyo
o?oaeiaiai i?eia?a iooea. Aai o?oae ii/oe iieiinoueth auianai ca
i?aaeaeu naiuee. Ae?oaia aeaei iaoue. Oioy iia oiaea ?aaioaao ia
i?iecaiaenoaa, ?aai/ee aeaiue aeiia oiaea nouanoaoao.
Iaeiaei, ana ?aaii ioaoe–yoi neea, oi e iii?a naiuee a aeeoaeneeo
aii?inao.
Iooeianoai–oaeaea yecaiai ia nioeeaeueioth e i?aanoaaiioth c?aeinoue
ioae/eiu. Anaaaea anoue iieiaeua ethaee, anooiathuea a a?ae, ii aiyueany
iooeianoaa eee aea ia aioiaua e iaio. ?aaaiie–aieueoia eniuoaiea ia
i?i/iinoue naiuee. A i?aeoeea ano?a/athony ia?u, aei ?iaeaeaiey
ia?aaioea aeeaoea ii?iaeueii, a iinea aai ?iaeaeaiey oooaeoeaoea naia
iauaiea. Ioae ana /aua ia iiyaeyaony aeiia, ecaaaaao ?aaaiea e aeaio.
Yoi iiaeao naeaeaoaeuenoaiaaoue ia ionoonoaee, iaaei?acaeoee iooeianeiai
/oanoaa eee iooeianeie eoeueoo?u, oioy e iai?eyoii, ii ia yaeyynue i?e
yoii /ai-oi iaoieiae/iui.
Ni?aaaaeeeainoe ?aaee, iiaeii ioiaoeoue, /oi /oanoai iooeianoaa
?iaeaeaaony ianeieueei iicaeiaa /ai /oanoai iaoa?einoaa. A?enoioaeue
caiaoee, /oi ii-ianoiyuaio iooeaie ioae/eiu noaiiayony iicaea, /ai
aeaiueiu–iaoa?yie. Iieiaeua ethaee ec-ca ionoonoaey aeaoae ?aaeei
inoaaeytho aeaio. *aua yoi i?iyaeyaony o ioae/ei n ?acaeoui aeooii
nianoaaie/anoaa, eioi?ua oioyo eiaoue ianeaaeieeia, naia i?iaeieaeaiea
ia caiea.
A iaoa a?aiy ?inneeneay aeaenoaeoaeueiinoue oaeiaa, /oi a aeaoneeo
naaeao e oeieao n aeaoueie ?aaioatho a iniiaiii aeaiueiu, iuooeiui
noaiiaeony aeaoeoeeo ioaeneiai aeeyiey ia aeaoae. Aeaaea
iai?iaeieaeeoaeueiia ionoonoaea iooea aaaeao e oiio, /oi o aeaoae
(iniaaiii o iaeue/eeia) ia/eiatho ?acaeaaoueny o?oninoue, caieiooinoue,
iainiaeaiiinoue, oi?yinoai, aa?anneaiinoue. Iiyoiio iooeu aeieaeiu
ainiieiyoue aeaoeoeeo naiaai aeeyiey a naiaeiuo ioiioaieyo. A i?ioeaiii
neo/aa ainieoaiea aoaeao oua?aiui.
Nae/an e?eoeea a aae?an iooeianoaa enoiaeeo a iniiaiii ec oiaiueoaiey
oaeaeaiey a?aiaie ia oieueei aeaia, ii e aeaoyi, n oiaiueoaieai a?aiaie
aanaae e iau/iiai iauaiey. Oi?ioi i?aaieciaaoue aeinoa aeaoae, o?oae ii
ieacaieth iiiiue ?iaeeoaeyi, o?oae ii i?eia?aoaieth aeaoueie
aeiiieieoaeueiuo ciaiee e o.ae.–aio ia?ainoaiaiiay caaea/a iooea.
Iaoiaeynue ?yaeii n aeaoueie, ioaoe i?iyaeyao eo/oea naie ea/anoaa,
oaeea eae aeia?ioa, aa?iinoue, iocua/eainoue. A yoii niunea ia oieueei
ioaoe ainieouaaao aeaoae, ii e aeaoe iooeia.
Ioaoe ioaeai naiuea ia oieueei aeey iaeacaiey e ainieoaiey, ii e aeey
iiiiue aeaoyi a i anao aai aeaeao, aeieaeai auoue ae?oaii naiaio
?aaaieo.
A ainieoaiee aeaoae i/aiue aaaeai aeeaie i?eia? iooea. Nuiiauey ai
iiiaii eiie?otho ia?ac aeecie e iuneae iooeia: ia?aieiatho iioiaeeo,
iaia?o ?acaiaa?eaaoue, aeanou e i?i/. Io iooeia iie aini?eieiatho oaeea
/a?ou, eae e?aiinoue aeooa, neeo, ioaeneoth iaaeaaeiinoue,
i?aaei?eei/eainoue, ioiioaiea e i?ioeaiiieiaeiiio iieo. Nui, ioaoe
eioi?iai aieiaoaeai e iaoa?e, aeaieaoenue, n/eoaao aaeeinoaaiii
aiciiaeiui ioiineony oae e e naiae eca?aiieoea. Anee ioaoe iono?aiyaony
io ?aaiou, oi yoo aea i?eau/eo ia?aieiatho e aeaoe.
Eiia/ii aea, ia?iiiaeoee a?aae iaiineo ainieoaiea aeaoae a
iaaeaaiiieo/iuo naiueyo aeaoyi–oaaee/eaaaony iauaa eiee/anoai iaa?icia,
?anoao ioaeeainoue, iaaeaao oniaaaaiinoue.
Oaeei ia?acii, aeey iieiioeaiiiai ?acaeoey e ainieoaiey ?aaaiea
iaiaoiaeei einoeooo iooeianoaa a naiueyo.
Ii ?ieue iooea ia naiaeeony, eae oaea aiai?eeinue, oieueei e ainieoaieth
aeaoae. Aianoa n iaoa?ueth ii iaania/eaaao naiueth anai iaiaoiaeeiui. Ii
ioaaonoaaiai ia?aae naiueae ca ono?ienoai auoa. ?aiiio eaa?oe?u,
o?oaeiaieea aeaea a oicyenoaa, niaaaeaiea i?iaeoeoaie e o.ae.–yoi
i?aaeaea anaai iaycaiiinoue iooea.
Iaeioi?ua iooeu aiiaua an? naaeeaatho ia o?oieea iea/e aeaiu: e
oicyenoai, e athaeaeao, e ainieoaiea aeaoae. Iooeu aeieaeiu aieueoa
a?aiaie oaeaeyoue ainieoaieth aeaoae e aeiiaoiei aeaeai.
Ia?iiiia e ie/ai iacaiaieiia cia/aiea ea?aao ?ieue iaoa?e a naiuea.
Eaeea? i?iaiaeee eioa?aniua iiuou n iaacueyiaie. Nia/aea iaeaiueeeo
iaacueyiie ioieiaee io iaoa?ae. Aeey aeeaioiuo yoi iaa?ioeinue
o?aaaaeeae, caiaaeeeeinue ineoe/aneia ?acaeoea iaeuoae. Yenia?eiaio
i?eoeinue i?ae?aoeoue. I?e aoi?ii yenia?eiaioa iaacueyiie ioiyee io
iaoa?ae n?aco iinea ?iaeaeaiey, a a ?iee «iaiu» aunooiaei e?anei n
iaoiaie iaeaeie. A nieieo e?anea ano?ieee aooueeo n nineie e
anea?ieeaaee iaacueyiie eneonnoaaiii. E e?aneo iaacueyiee ioiineeenue
eae e iaoa?e e eiaaea e?anei oae?aee, iie ia/eiaee aieiiaaoueny. Ii aio
yenia?eiaio aue caeii/ai e au?inoeo iaacueyiie ionoeee a iauaa noaaei
iaacueyi. Iie ieacaeenue i/aiue iaiaueoaeueiu e auee ianoieueei
aa?anneaiu, /oi ia niiaee nicaeaoue naiaeiie ia?u. Eneonnoaaiiui ioo?i
aeiaeaeaeenue io iaacueyi, au?inoeo aac iai, iioiinoaa. Ii iie ia
i?iyaeee e nianoaaiiui aeaoyi ieeaeeo iaaeiuo /oanoa. Iaeia aeaaea
ioi?aaea ?oeo naiaio ?aa?ieo, a ae?oaay ?aneoneea aieiao. Iie ia
ia?auaee aieiaiea ia oi, /oi iaeuoo ieioi, oiaaea eae a noaaea a yoeo
neo/ayo e iaio iaiaaeeaiii a?inaaony iaoue eee eoi-ieaoaeue ec ae?oaeo
iaacueyi. O oao aeeaioiuo, a ?iee iaoa?e eioi?uo aue iaiaeooaae?iiue
i?aaeiao, niaa?oaiii ionoonoaiaae iaoa?eineee einoeieo, n/eoathueeny
a?iaeae?iiui, aea e ineoe/aneia ?acaeoea eo yaii ioeeiiyeinue io ii?iu.
Aio eae ieacaeinue aaaeiui aeey iaeuoae /oanoaiaaoue iaoa?eineia oaiei
a? iiaeo.
Iaoue o/eo aeaoae aeia?o e ethaae, aea?o ia?aua o?iee /aeiaa/iinoe,
o?iee aeooaaiiai ioiioaiey e ethaeyi, eai iaoue iaeaaeaao iniaui
yiioeeiiaeueiui aeeyieai, na?aea/iinoueth e oaieioie, aeooaaiie
iyaeinoueth e /ooeinoueth.
Iaoue – yoi ca?eaei a eioi?ia niio?eony ?aa?iie. Iiaeao ee iia
ainieoaoue ii?yoioth e aeeo?aoioth aei/eo, anee naia iia aeiia oiaeeo a
a?yciii oaeaoa? Eiia/ii aea, iao. Oaeei ia?acii, i/aiue aaaeai oi?ioee,
aeeaie i?eia? iaoa?e.
Iiieii ainieoaiey aeaoae, iaoue au? yaeyaony e oicyeeie a aeiia. Iia
iiao, noe?aao, aioiaeo aaeo e iiiaia ae?oaia. Nioeeieiaaie iiaen/eoaii,
/oi n?aaeiyy aeiiaoiyy iaa?ocea aeaiueiu a aeaa ?aca aieueoa n?aaeiae
aeiiaoiae iaa?ocee ioae/eiu, a a? iauay o?oaeiaay iaa?ocea aieueoa ia
15-20 % iauae o?oaeiaie iaa?ocee ioae/eiu. AEaiueia–iaoue eiaao aeaieiie
?aai/ee aeaiue–ia i?iecaiaenoaa e aeiia. Ionthaea ia?aooiieaiea e
ia?aiciinoue, eioi?ua io?eoeaoaeueii neacuaathony ia acaeiiioiioaieyo a
naiuea e ia ainieoaiee aeaoae. I?ioanneiiaeueiua e naiaeiua ooieoeee
iaoa?e ni/aoathony n aieueoei iai?yaeaieai.
Ec anaai neacaiiiai iiaeii naeaeaoue auaiae, /oi a naiuea ioaeiu
iaycaoaeueii e ioaoe, e iaoue. Aaaeue io iaoa?e aeaoe iieo/atho eaneo,
iaaeiinoue, aeia?ioo e /ooeinoue e ethaeyi, a io iooea ioaeanoai, neeo
aiee, oiaiea ai?ioueny e iiaaaeaeaoue. Oieueei ni/aoaiea yoeo ea/anoa
oi?ie?oao iieiioeaiioth ee/iinoue.
Iauaiea a naiuea
AEeciue a naiuea iaaiciiaeia aac iauaiey a iae, iauaiey iaaeaeo ioaeai e
aeaiie, iaaeaeo ?iaeeoaeyie e aeaoueie a i?ioeanna iianaaeiaaiuo
ioiioaiee. Iauaiea a naiuea i?aaenoaaeyao niaie ioiioaiea /eaiia naiuee
ae?oa e ae?oao e eo acaeiiaeaenoaea, iaiai eioi?iaoeeae iaaeaeo ieie, eo
aeooiaiue eiioaeo. Niaeo? iauaiey a naiuea iiaeao auoue i/aiue
?aciiia?aciui. Iiieii aanaae i ?aaioa, aeiiaoiai oicyenoaa, caei?iauea,
aeecie ae?ocae e ciaeiiuo iii aeeth/aao a naay ianoaeaeaiea aii?inia,
naycaiiuo n ainieoaieai aeaoae, eneonnoaii, iieeoeeie, e oae aeaeaa.
Oaeiaeaoai??iiinoue noi?oaia iauaieai caaeneo io noaiaie niaianoeiinoe
eo acaeyaeia, oeaiiinoae. Ia aucuaaao niiiaiey oio oaeo, /oi
ia?aiciinoue, iao?aaiiaaoaiiinoue, caieiooinoue e ae?oaea
io?eoeaoaeueiua /a?ou oa?aeoa?a yaeythony ieioeie niooieeaie naiaeiiai
iauaiey.
Nioeeieiae/aneea enneaaeiaaiey iieacuaatho, /oi i?e ii?iaeueiuo
acaeiiioiioaieyo a naiuea noi?oae iau/ii anaaaea aeaeyony iaaeaeo niaie
naieie iai?/aieyie e iieo/atho i?e yoii ii?aeueii ineoieiae/aneoth
iiaeaea?aeeo, /aai ia neaaeaoue i?i iaaeaaiiieo/iua naiuee.
Iaeiaei ia auaaao eaeaaeueiiai iauaiey a naiuea, o.a. iauaiey,
ninoiyuaai oieueei ec niaeaney. Noi?oaeaneea ioiioaiey iaecaaaeii
i?ioiaeyo /a?ac i?ioeai?a/ey: nni?u, eiioeeeou, e oae aeaeaa. A yoeo
neo/ayo i/aiue aaaeii iiiyoue noi?oaai iiceoeeth ae?oa ae?oaa,
iinoaaeoue naay ia aai ianoi. ss n/eoath, /oi a i?ioeanna nii?a neaaeoao
aiai?eoue oieueei i i?aaeiaoa nii?a e ia neaaeoao iaiiieiaoue i i?ioeuo
i?iiaoao ae?oaiai, ia aeaeaoue auiaaeia: «A ou nai…».
A naiaeiii iauaiee i/aiue aaaeiu i?aanoaaiiua i?eioeeiu, aeaaiui ec
eioi?uo yaeyaony – oaaaeaiea ae?oaiai, aai «y». Ia?aaeei, iinea
o?oaeiiai o?oaeiaiai aeiy noi?oae no?aiyony ni?aaoue nai? ieioia
iano?iaiea ia aeeceeo, aeaoue auoiae iaeiieaoaeny iceiaeaiiinoe. Iie
ia/eiatho ai?/aoue, oi?aeaoue, aeaeaoue caia/aiey, e?e/aoue. A
?acoeueoaoa oaeie ?ac?yaeee /aeiaae iiaeao iieo/eoue a?aiaiiia
iaeaa/aiea, oioy iineaaenoaey iiaoo ieacaoueny oyae?euie. Iaeieo
ia/eiatho io/eoue oa?ucaiey niaanoe ca nianoaaiioth iai?aaioo e
ianaea?aeaiiinoue. Ae?oaeo – iaeaea ca iani?aaaaeeeaua iaaeiaiey e
oi??ee. A ?acoeueoaoa yoi niinianoaoao ?ac?ooaieth naiuee.
Eiiaaea iieacii aeaeaoue eiii?iiennu, o.a. eaeoe ia onooiee ae?oa
ae?oao. Oaeaea i/aiue aaaeii oiaoue i?eciaaaoue naie ioeaee, eae i?aai
ae?oaeo ioeaaoueny.
I/aiue aaaeii ii/aua aeaeeoueny naieie iuneyie, ia neoieoueny ia
iioaaeo, aeia?ua neiaa.
Ianeiaeeaoeany ioiioaiey iaaeaeo ioaeai e aeaiie aaaeoo e ieioei
iineaaenoaeyi. Ineoieiaaie onoaiiaeaii, /oi nouanoaoao naycue iaaeaeo
noi?oaeaneeie eiioeeeoaie e ia?aii ineoe/aneeie ?anno?ienoaaie.
Ionoonoaea acaeiiiiieiaiey a naiuea i?eaiaeeo e iiaeaaeaiiinoe,
io/oaeae?iiinoe, e oooaeoaieth ineoieiae/aneiai e oece/aneiai ninoiyiey,
cia/eoaeueiiio iiieaeaieth ?aaioiniiniaiinoe /aeiaaea. Iaoiaiea
iauaoueny niiniaii ?ac?ooeoue naiueth. Iniiaiuie eiiiiiaioaie eoeueoo?u
iauaiey yaeythony niia?aaeeaaiea, oa?ieiinoue, onooi/eainoue,
aeia?iaeaeaoaeueiinoue. Iniaay niiniaiinoue e iauaieth – oiaiea
i?eciaoue oeaiiinoue ae?oaiai, aeaaea i?e ianiaiaaeaiee iiceoeee.
Oieueei oaeei ia?acii iiaeii aeinoe/ue aa?iiiee a naiaeiie aeecie.
A naiuea, e?iia ac?ineuo, a iaiieiioeaiiii iauaiee ioaeaeathony oaeaea e
aeaoe. Iauaiea yaeyaony iaeiei ec iniiaiuo oaeoi?ia oi?ie?iaaiey
ee/iinoe ?aa?iea. Iio?aaiinoue a iauaiee iiyaeyaony o ieaaeaioea n
naiiai ?iaeaeaiey. Oaea a aic?anoa 2-o ianyoeaa i?e aeaea iaoa?e aai
eeoei ica?yaony oeuaeie.
Iauaiea ?iaeeoaeae n aeaoueie eiaao ia?iiiia cia/aiea aeey eo
iieiioeaiiiai ?acaeoey. Aeieacaii, /oi aeaoe, eeo?iiua aiciiaeiinoe
iauaoueny n ?iaeeoaeyie, oa?aeoa?ecothony ieceei o?iaiai naii?aaoeyoeee
iiaaaeaiey, iaeaaeatho iiauoaiiie /oanoaeoaeueiinoueth e ia?auaieth e
iei ac?ineiai, eniuouaatho o?oaeiinoe a iauaiee ni naa?noieeaie.
Ai iiiaeo naiueyo a aieueoeinoaa nai?i aeaoe /aua iauathony n iaoa?ueth,
/ai n iooeii. Aanaaeu aea n iooeii eiatho e?aoeia?aiaiiue oa?aeoa?. O
iaeioi?uo aeaoae aiiaua ionoonoaotho aeiaa?eoaeueiua ioiioaiey eae n
iooeii, oae e n iaoa?ueth. *aua anaai yoi auaaao a naiueyo, aaea ia
onoaiiaeeenue aeeceea aeooiaiua eiioaeou eae iaaeaeo noi?oaaie, oae e
iaaeaeo ?iaeeoaeyie e aeaoueie. A oaeeo naiueyo aeaaiie yaeyaony aiey
iaeiiai ec noi?oaia, a acaeiiioiioaiey n ae?oaeie /eaiaie naiuee
iniiauaaaony ia i?eeacao, iiae/eiaiee, inei?aeaieyo. Yoi ieacuaaao
io?eoeaoaeueiia aeeyiea ia oi?ie?iaaiea o aeaoae niiniaiinoe e
iieiioeaiiiio iauaieth.
Oaeei ia?acii, ia ?iaeeoaeyo eaaeeo ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca ainieoaiea o
aeaoae niiniaiinoe e /aeiaa/aneiio iauaieth, o.e. eiaiii a naiuea aeaoe
onaaeaatho oa?aeoa? iauaiey. E?iia oiai, io oiaiey noi?oaia iauaoueny ai
iiiaii caaeneo e i?aanoaaiii-ineoieiae/aneia aeaaiiieo/ea anao /eaiia
naiuee.
?acaiae
A iaoae no?aia ia?yaeo ni naiaiaeie a?aea nouanoaoao e i?aai noi?oaia ia
?acaiae. Ii noaoenoeea ia 1990 aiae au? a auaoai NNN? aaeaaiaeii
?anoi?aaeinue i?eia?ii 930 ouny/ a?aeia (yoi i?eaeeceoaeueii 1,5 % io eo
iauaai eiee/anoaa) e ia?aciauaaeinue 2788 ouny/ iiauo naiae. Oaeei
ia?acii, niioiioaiea iaaeaeo a?aeaie e ?acaiaeaie ninoaaeyao i?eia?ii
3:1. Ii yoio iieacaoaeue ?acee/ai a caaeneiinoe io ianoa aeeoaeuenoaa e
aic?anoa ethaeae. Oae a aieueoeo ai?iaeao ?acaiaeia i?eoiaeeony aieueoa
/ai a naeueneie ianoiinoe. Oae anee iiniio?aoue oaaeeoeo 2, iu aeaeei,
/oi iaeiaiueoaa eiee/anoai ?acaiaeia i?eoiaeeony ia ?aaeiiu, aaea au?
neeueiu iao?ea?oaeueii-?aeeaeiciua o?aaeeoeee. Yoi n?aaeiaaceaoneea e
eaaeacneea ?anioaeeee.
Ii ia?a ?inoa /enea ?acaiaeia aiciiaeiinoue oiai, /oi iie aoaeoo
eiiiaine?iaaiu iiaoi?iui a?aeii, noaiiaeony an? iaiueoae. Eeoue
10-15 % aeaiuei n aeaoueie iiaoi?ii auoiaeyo caioae. A ?acoeueoaoa
oaaee/eaaaony eiee/anoai iaiieiuo naiae.
Oaaeeoea ec A.I. Ineiiaa e TH.I. Eiaaeaiei, «Nioeeieiaey»,I., 1990, 296
no?.
Oae /oi aea oaeia ?acaiae? Iaeie aiai?yo – cei, ae?oaea – ecaaaeaiea io
cea. Aeey oiai, /oiau ociaoue yoi, iaaei i?iaiaeece?iaaoue aieueoie e?oa
aii?inia: eae aeea?ony ?acaaae?iiiio /aeiaaeo? Aeiaieai ee ii ?acaiaeii?
Eae eciaieeenue eaa?oe?iua oneiaey, caei?iauea? Eae neiaeeeenue
ioiioaiey n aeaoueie? Aeoiaao ee ii anooiaoue a iiaoi?iue a?ae? I/aiue
aaaeii auynieoue noaeueao ?acaaae?iiie aeaiueiu eee ioae/eiu, a oaeaea
?aa?iea ec ?aniaaoaeny naiuee. Ia c?y aiai?yo, /oi ?acaiae, eae aenaa?a
a ii?a: ia iiaa?oiinoe aeaeia eeoue iaaieueoay /anoue i?e/ei, iniiaiay
aea eo ianna ne?uoa a aeoaeiao aeoo ?acaaae?iiuo.
Ii noaoenoeea aeaei i ?acaiaea aicaoaeaeaaony a iniiaiii ii i?inueaa
aeaiueiu, o.e. aeaiueia a iaoa a?aiy noaea iacaaeneiie, iia ?aaioaao,
naia iiaeao niaea?aeaoue naiueth e ia aeaeaao ie?eoueny n iaaeinoaoeaie
ioaea. Noi?oaa ii?ie aiai?eo: «Ii/aio y aeieaeia aio iiaeneacuaaoue?»
eee «Ii/aio ii nai ia iiaeao aeiaaaeaoueny?». I?e yoii aeaiueia ia
caaeoiuaaaony, /oi iia naia ia eaeaaeueia e aeinoieia niaa?oaiiiai
ioae/eiu. Aiia?aaeaiea ?enoao ae oaeie niaa?oaiiue eaeaae, eioi?ue a
?aaeueiie aeecie e ia ano?a/aaony.
Neia iao, /oi iueyieoea ioae – ian/anouea aeey naiuee, aeaiu e aeaoae.
Iniaaiii, eiaaea ii ono?aeaaao iiaie aeaia e aeaoyi, oiineo aeaiueae ec
naiuee, ia caieiaaony ainieoaieai aeaoae, e o.ae. ?acaiae a yoeo neo/ayo
/aua anaai iaiaoiaeei, /oiau ia?aaeeoue naiueth io ii?aeueiiai e
iaoa?eaeueiiai iionoioaiey.
Ii aaaeue ia anaaaea iueyieoea-ioae aue iueyieoeae. Aaaeue auee aea
nia/aea ano?a/e e ooaaeeaaiey, ae?ocuey, i?acaeieee e ainoe, ?aaeinoe e
ai?anoe – auea aeeciue. E eaeiaa auea aia/aea iiceoeey aeaiu ii
ioiioaieth e auieaeai ioaea? Auea ee iia aeinoaoi/ii o?aaiaaoaeueiie,
iiaea ee oiii e oiiei ni/aoaoue ia?aie/eoaeueiua e cai?aoiua ia?u, /oiau
oaa?a/ue naiueth io ii?iea. Iiaeao i?e/eiu iueyinoaa neaaeoao eneaoue ai
acaeiiioiioaieyo iaaeaeo noi?oaaie.
E?iia iueyinoaa i?e/eiaie ii eioi?ie ae?iu iiaeatho ia ?acaiae iiaoo
auoue – eciaia ioaea, ioaeneie yaieci. Ii?ie ioae/eia i?inoi auioaeaeaao
naiei iiaaaeaieai iiaeaoue aeaio ia ?acaiae. Ii i?aiaa?aaeeoaeueii e iae
ioiineony, ia oa?ieo a? neaainoae, ia iiiiaaao a aeiiaoieo aeaeao, e
o.ae.
Ec i?e/ei, ii eioi?ui ioaeuey iiaeatho ia ?acaiae iiaeii auaeaeeoue:
eciaia aeaiu eee aai ethaiaue e ae?oaie aeaiueia.
Ii iniiaiie i?e/eiie ?acaiaeia, ia iie acaeyae, yaeyaony
iaiiaeaioiaeaiiinoue noi?oaia e naiaeiie aeecie. Ia iieiaeuo noi?oaia
iaaaeeaathony auoiaua, oeiainiaua i?iaeaiu. A ia?aua aiaeu noi?oaeaneie
aeecie iieiaeua aieueoa ociatho ae?oa ae?oaa, ?ane?uaathony iaaeinoaoee,
eioi?ua noa?aeenue ne?uaaoue aei naaaeueau, i?ienoiaeeo aaeaioaoeey
noi?oaia ae?oa e ae?oao.
Iieiaeua noi?oae ia?aaeei eceeoia iiniaoii i?eaaaatho e ?acaiaeo, eae e
niiniao ?ac?aoaiey ethauo eiioeeeoia, a oii /enea e aia/aea
i?aiaeieeiuo. Iiaeiaiia «e?aeia» ioiioaiea e ?aniaaeo naiuee
neeaaeuaaaony aeaaiaea?y oiio, /oi ?acaiae oaea noae iauaeaiiui
yaeaieai. A iiiaio caeeth/aiey a?aea nouanoaoao /?oeay onoaiiaea ia
?acaiae, a neo/aa anee oioue iaeei ec noi?oaia ia aoaeao oaeiaeaoai??i
niaianoiie aeeciueth. ssnii, /oi oaeay onoaiiaea noeioee?oao ?acaiae.
I?e/eia ?acaiaea iiaeao iineoaeeoue iaaeaeaiea iaeiiai ec noi?oaia
eiaoue ?aa?iea. Yoe neo/ae ano?a/athony ?aaeei, ii iie auaatho.
ss n/eoath, /oi ethaee ?acaiaeyony ia aeey oiai, /oiau anth aeeciue
aeeoue a iaeeii/anoaa. Iie oioyo caiaieoue iaoaea/iue a?ae n/anoeeaui,
ii yoi ia anaaaea oaea?ony. I?e nioeeieiae/aneeo ii?inao aieueoa
iieiaeiu ioae/ei e aeaiuei oioaee au anooieoue a iiaoi?iue a?ae. Eeoue
iacia/eoaeueiay /anoue i?aaeii/ee iaeeii/anoai. A eaeiaa aai oeaia?
Aia?eeaineea nioeeieiae Ea?oa? e Aeee niiauatho, /oi a aieueieoeo
iiiaaeatho a 10 ?ac aieueoa iaaeaiaouo ioae/ei, /ai aeaiaouo,
nia?oiinoue o iaaeaiaouo ioae/ei a 3 ?aca aieueoa, a o iacaioaeieo
aeaiuei a 2 ?aca aieueoa, /ai o caioaeieo. Oaeei ia?acii, iiaeii
neacaoue, /oi ?acaiaeu io?eoeaoaeueii neacuaathony ia caei?iauea
?acaaae?iiuo ethaeae.
Iiiaea ioae/eiu, eae e iiiaea aeaiueiu eaaei eaeoo ia ?acaiae, ii iioii
i/aiue oyaeaei ia?aaeeaatho aai iineaaenoaey.
A ?acaiaeao, e?iia noi?oaia anoue au? caeioa?aniaaiiua eeoea – aeaoe.
*ai aieueoa ?acaiaeia – oai iaiueoa aeaoae. A yoii nioeeaeueiue a?aae
?acaiaeia. ?acaiae nie?auaao ainieoaoaeueneea aiciiaeiinoe naiuee ii
ioiioaieth e aeaoyi. Aeaoyi iaiineony aieueoay ineoieiae/aneay o?aaia, i
eioi?ie /anoi ia aeoiatho ?iaeeoaee. Iiiaea ciatho, /oi iie i?e/eiytho
naiei aeaoyi no?aaeaiey, ii ia iiiaea iiieiatho e /aio iie iiaoo
i?eaanoe, eae yoi io?aceony ia ?aa?iea a aai aeaeueiaeoae aeecie. I?e
?acaiaea aeanoii anooiaao a neeo yaieci ?iaeeoaeae. Iie iaei i?e yoii
aeoiatho i noaeueaa naieo aeaoae.
Aeaoe ec ?aniaaoeony naiae – yoi eae au ne?iou i?e aeeauo iooeao eee
iaoa?yo. A oii, /oi aeaoe inoathony aac iooea /aua aeia iaieo
?iaeeoaeae.
E?iia ii?aeueiuo ieionia o ?acaiaea anoue au? e iaoa?eaeueiua
io?eoeaoaeueiua noi?iiu. I?e ooiaea ioaea ec naiuee, o aeaiu n ?aa?ieii
aicieeatho o?oaeiinoe aeaiaaeiiai oa?aeoa?a, iniaaiii, anee ca?aaioiay
ieaoa o aeaiu iaeaiueeay, a aeaoae aieueoa iaeiiai. Ooiae ec naiuee
oaeaea aue?o ii ea?iaio ioae/eia, aaaeue oaia?ue aio i?eoiaeeony
ieaoeoue aeeiaiou. Oaeaea aicieeatho i?iaeaiu n aeeeue?i, i?eoiaeeony
?aciaieaaoue eaa?oe?o, aeaeeoue aianoa iaaeeoia eiouanoai.
Oaeei ia?acii–?acaiae ai iiiaeo neo/ayo cei, /ai aeia?i. Ii
aiciiaeiinoue ainniaaeeiaiey naiuee aiieia ?aaeueia aeey iiiaeo, nai?y/a
?aniaaoeony ia?. A aeecie /anoi neo/aaony, eiaaea «aeoaeiue ioae»
aica?auaaony e naiae aeaia e aeaoyi, a ?acaaae?iiua aeaiueiu aiai?eee i
naieo ioaeueyo, /oi iie anee ii eciaieo nai? iiaaaeaiea e eo/oaio, oi
i?eio. A aeoaeia aeooe eaaeaeue ec noi?oaia oi/ao eiaoue naith oi?iooth
naiueth. A aeey yoiai, i?aaeaea anaai naiei ethaeyi, anooieaoei a a?ae,
iaaei o/eoueny acaeiiiiieiaieth, i?aiaeieaaaoue iaei/iue yaieci,
niaa?oainoaiaaoue eoeueoo?o ioiioaiee a naiuea. Ia ainoaea?noaaiiii aea
o?iaia n oeaeueth i?aaeioa?auaiey ?acaiaeia iaaei nicaeaaaoue e
?anoe?youe nenoaio iiaeaioiaee iieiae?aee e a?aeo, a oaeaea
nioeeaeueii-ineoieiae/aneoth neoaeao iiiiue naiuea e iaeeiieei ethaeyi.
Caeeth/aiea
Eoae, naiuey eae y/aeea iauanoaa yaeyaony iaioaeaeeiie ninoaaiie
/anoueth iauanoaa. E aeeciue iauanoaa oa?aeoa?ecoaony oaie aea
aeooiaiuie e iaoa?eaeueiuie i?ioeannaie eae e aeeciue naiuee. *ai auoa
eoeueoo?a naiuee, neaaeiaaoaeueii oai auoa eoeueoo?a anaai iauanoaa.
Iauanoai ninoieo ec ethaeae, eioi?ua yaeythony iooeaie e iaoa?yie a
naieo naiueyo, a oaeaea eo aeaoae. A yoie nayce i/aiue aaaeiu ?iee iooea
e iaoa?e a naiuea, a a /anoiinoe ainieoaoaeueiay ooieoeey naiuee. Aaaeue
io oiai, eae ?iaeeoaee i?eo/atho naieo aeaoae e o?oaeo, oaaaeaieth e
noa?oei, ethaae e ie?oaeathuae i?e?iaea e ethaeyi, caaeneo oi, eaeei
aoaeao iauanoai, a eioi?ii aoaeoo aeeoue iaoe aeaoe. Aoaeao ee yoi
iauanoai, iino?iaiiia ia i?eioeeiao aeia?a e ni?aaaaeeeainoe eee aea
iaiai?io? A yoii neo/aa i/aiue aaaeii iauaiea a naiuea. Aaaeue iauaiea
yaeyaony iaeiei ec iniiaiuo oaeoi?ia oi?ie?iaaiey ee/iinoe ?aa?iea,
/eaia iauanoaa. E iiyoiio a naiaeiii iauaiee i/aiue aaaeiu i?aanoaaiiua
i?eioeeiu, aeaaiui ec eioi?uo yaeyaony – oaaaeaiea ae?oaiai.
Iineaaenoaeyie aeo?iiai iauaiey a naiuea iiaoo auoue eiioeeeou e
?acaiaeu, eioi?ua iaiinyo aieueoie nioeeaeueiue a?aae iauanoao. *ai
iaiueoa ?acaiaeia a naiueyo, oai caei?iaaa iauanoai.
Oaeei ia?acii, iauanoai (a aai oiaea iiaeii iacaaoue aieueoie naiueae)
i?yii i?iii?oeeiiaeueii caaeneo io caei?iauey naiuee, oae aea eae e
caei?iauea naiuee io iauanoaa.
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