Roman Influence in Britain.
As a result of the conquest signs of Roman civilization spread over
Britain. There had been no towns in Britain before the Romans conquered
it. The civilized Romans were city dwellers, and as soon as they had
conquered Britain they began to built towns, splendid villas, public
baths as in Rome itself. York, Gloucester, Lincoln and London became the
chief Roman towns; there were also about fifty other smaller towns.
London which had been a small trading settlement before the conquest now
became a center for trade both by road and river. Colchester,
Gloucester, York and Lincoln sprang up round the Roman military camps.
The town of Bath became famous for its hot springs.
The towns grew up as markets and centers of administration. In most
towns there were market-places and plenty where merchants sold their
goods. The rich merchants and official had luxurious houses which
contained many rooms, with mosaic floors and central heating. Every
Roman town had a drainage system and a good supply of pure water.
Temples and public baths could be found in most towns. The Roman towns
were military stations surrounded by walls for defence which were
guarded by the Roman warriors.
The Romans were great road-makers and now a network of roads
connected all parts of the country. One of the chief road was Watling
Street which ran from Dover to London, then to Chester and into Wales.
Along the roads new towns and villages sprang up.
Great tracts of forest were cleared, swamps were drained, and
corn-fields took their place. The province of Britain became one of the
granaries of the Roman Empire.
A constant trade was carried on with other parts of the empire. The
chief exports were corn, lead, tin, and building tiles. The goods were
sent in wagons along the roads of Britain, Gaul and Italy to Rome.
Britain imported luxury goods, especially fine pottery and metalware.
But together with a high civilization the Romans brought exploitation
and slavery to the British Isles. Rich Romans had villas in the country
with large estates, which were worked by gangs of slaves. Prisoners of
war were sent to the slave-market in the Roman Empire. The free Celts
were not turned into slaves but they had to pay heavy taxes to the
conquerors and were made to work for them. The Romans made them clean
forest, drain swamps, built roads, bridges and walls for defence. That
was how the famous Hadrian’s Wall was built too.
Among the Celts themselves inequality began to grow – the tribal
chiefs and nobility became richer than other members of the tribe. Many
of them became officials acting for Rome. Tribal chiefs who submitted
were appointed to rule their people as before, but now they acted in the
name of the Roman Emperor. The noble Celts adopted the mode of life of
their conquerors. They lived in rich houses and they dressed as Romans.
They were proud to wear toga which was the sign of being a Roman
citizes. They spoke Latin, the language of the Romans. But the
rank-and-file Celts went on living in their tiny huts, they spoke their
native Celtic tongue and they did not understand the language of their
rules.
Нашли опечатку? Выделите и нажмите CTRL+Enter
