????
INIIAIUA OA?ICU AIAIIIE AACIIANIINOE ?INNEENEIE OAAeA?AOeEE
Aa???
I???aey?a ???y a ?? ?????? ????y a ???????e, ????i-y?????ie, ???i-??????
??? ???e ???? ?????y ?????? ?????? ?????e O???? ???? ???. ???e N????i
Nith?, ??????e ???e I????? A????? ????, ????a “???? ??u” ? ????? ?? e
?aa????. I? ? ?? ??a ????? e ????e ???e ?? ?-???? ???????y ?e ????
?????e ??? ???e ????.
I?????ay ???y ????ue e ???ua ???a ??? ?y ???e ?atho ???/?? ??????a ??u.
I??ee ??e ?????? y?? ????ue ? ??? ?ai “???????? ????”, ?????ue ??? a
????e “?th???” e “???” ???i ? ?????, ? ???e e ????eth ???e ???e a ?? e
????eth ?a? ? ?ey?y. I???? ?? ???i???ue ????? ??y?a ??????i ?????a ???.
A????i, ? y? ??ey? ???i-???? ??u ? TH????, ?y??? ??????e Ae. A?a ?
??????i ??? NOA ? ???? ? I?I, ?y??oue ???? n ???i ??????? a Oeai???? A?e
?c. I??i ???i? ??, ?i eth?a ?iy??? ???? ???e ??o ????ue ?y ? ????? ?a??
????oth?i ????. ???e ??i ?oue ???e ? ??o e ? ???? ??? ???u ??e y?????? e
???e ???th.
N???y ???ey?ny ???i y?????? ????? a ???, ?i ???iy? o?????oth ????? e
?????? ????e?? ?? ? ?????oth?e ???e ? ??? ? ???e ??????. E???? ??u e
???a ????u, ???ath?a a ????o ?e?? ???i ??, ? i??e ???? e ??a ?????a
?????a – ??? ????? NNN?. I???iy?i, ?i ?e ???o ???? ???th.
A?th??a a ??? ??a IAOI I??e, *??, A???, ????? ??? ????? A???? A??u ??e a
N????????? ?thc, ????e ?uey?o ??e e i?? ???? ????, ???? ???a ?????e
?????o ?e ? ??e e ??ue ?eth??? a ?? ?????. I???y ????????o ?e ? A???o
?????a ???? ????th?th ????ue ?y?aa?y ???e, ?e ?????? ??iy????o, a ?????e
????. I? ? ????, /? ?? ?a ????y ??? ??ae ? ??? i ????? IAOI a ??????, ?
e a ????? ?y????e. N??i ????o ????ey ???e ?? ??? ???ii?i ?????a ?c
??eth?e N??a A?????e III. A?? ??, ??aynue e ?????th ??? ? ???? “?e ?a”,
NOA ?y?? i ?????e ??? a??a ???ey ??? E?? ?? ?c ?thc??a. A????? ?y???
???? e ? ??? ????e n?????e a I????i ???.
A??ay ????ue ?y ???e ????? e ? ???a, ??i ?e e ? th?uo ???? ???. I?????
?????y ???? a ??a ?????y ???e ??????, ???????? ? ???ey, ???eytho o??o,
???e?, ???o ??ue ????ny e ???? ??? ?????? ????a ????? ?????? ???y. Y?
???? y?y?ny ??e ? ??o ?????? e a ?y????e ????? ???. E?? ? ???i ?a ???ny?
*? ????ey? ??e ???? ?an???y ???e ?????? ????????? ????e e ????????? ????
Aeey ??, ??u ???oue ? y? ???u ????? ????ny e ?????eth ???? ???e ?????? e
? ????o, ?????th ?????? e ????? ???o ???a a ? ?????e.
I????? ???e ?????? ?????e O???? y?y?ny ????i ?????? ?y????e ?????a. A???
?? ?????y ???e ?????? – ???????, ?????y e ??????y ???o ??c ?????e O????.
???y ??????o ?????a ??e ???e ?????? a ????a n?????? ???????? ????i
?????a, ??????y ????i-y?????? ???, ?a?????? ??????? e ??????? a ??????o
????yo, ???????i? ?????ey ??e e ????eth?e ???u ??????e ??????, ????ey e
?????y ????i ??. ???y ???y? ??? y??? ???u ?y ?????y (????a??y) ???? ???
?a e (?e) ? nith???, ???o i?????? ???? ????eth ???u ?????? ?????? a ???
NIA ? ??? ???ey e ????ey Ae???a i ?????? ?????oe.
O?a ????e ??? ????o ????e?th ????? ???? ?????y ???e a?????e ???e a
i????e ???, ??????ue ??th??y ?????? ??iy?y ? y???? ????th??y ???-??????
?????. Oe?ue ??? ???o a ???a ???? ??c ???e ?????? ?????e ????e, ??????
?????? ??iy?y y??i?a ???u ?????y ???e ?????? ???e, ?????e ????o ?????e ?
????????y.
A ??? ??ny ??? ???? ??c ???e ?????? ?????e O????.
O???i ????i ?????ey ???i a??? ?????? ??iu, ??????i ???y ??/ ? ?????e ???
y?y?ny ?????? ????a ????th?o ?????i? e ??????????o ????e, ?y??? ?????
???e ????e e ??c ??i???i ????i.
E? ???y ????ue, ?e e ???y o??a y?yth?y ??????e ???????? ???i ????th?e ?e
??????? a ???i ???-?????? ?????, ??o?? ??o ???ey? ?????, ????? ????,
????? ??????e ??? ??? ?o.
1. A??ay ????ue e ???a ???. E???? e ?????a ????
A??ay ????ue – ??iy?a, ?????oth??y ??????? ??????e ?????e ??a??y ???e ??
??? ?????a ?y ????ey ?????? e ?? ??e ??i-?? ????i ???-?e????o ????e.
I??? ???e ??? ???o a ?i, ?i ?a ????o ? ? ??????th ?????ue, a ? ???i
??????ny ????a ??e ? ??? ????ue ???th n?o. A??ay ??? ????ey? ??e ??a
???th ???ue ??y???oe, ???y ???????y ???? ?????y?? n??i, ? ????y? ????ue
????th?a ?????ey ???-???? ????.
A??ay ????ue ? ?y???? ?y?? n ???i ???o ??????e ???????e ???u. Aa ????e,
?e ?a??, ??? ? ??????? ??y? eth?e. E? ??o ?? ??a ????a y??ey e ????
?????? ??e:
?????a ?????? ????a eth?e, ????? ??i, ???a, ????? ?e ???? ??i;
?????ey ? y??????, ????ie, y????e ?e ?????e ??a;
?????? e ????? y??? ?e ???o ?????;
???a e ??????a ???? ??e;
??? y?????? ????o a ????? ??????i ????y ?e ???????i ??????y ??? ???a e
??? ???.
I???? ???y ????ue ?????? ?????ue ????ey ???e ?? ?y ??iey ???ath?o ??????
e y?i ?a ????ny ? ??? ??a ????e ?????o, ???, ???i ? ????i y?y?ny i???
?y? ???????? y??ey n ???-???? ???? ????ey ???ath?o ??????.
O?????e ????? ???e ????e ?y ??? ??i ???ue:
???a ??? ??????, ????? e??? ???? ?? n ?????i ???e ??;
???a o ??e ? ??? ??a???i ????? ???o ?e e ???a ?y ????ey ?????ey a ?ith
??? ?e ?????ue ?????a ???ue ??a ?? a ?????a;
???a o ???a ?e ?????? ?????? ?? ?e ????e ??e ? ????? ??, ?????e ??????
?????a ?? ?y ????ey ????? ????a;
???a ???? ?th??? ??e ?????, ? ???? ?e ?? ????a ???-?????? ????e;
????y?? ???????a ???y e ????y (?? ??????ay) ???-?????ay ????? ?y ??????y
???o ??e e o.ae.
E???? ???e ??? ?iy?yth?y, ?e ???i, a ???e ???-?????? ????e. Eo ????
?????th?y a ????? ???-???????o e ???-y?????? ?oeeyo ???, a ???eyo ??e
(?e), ?????e ??????i-???????? ??????aa e ?????i-???????? ?y????e ?n???a.
O??e ????? y?yth?y:
??? ????? ?????? e ????? ? a ???ath?th ??eth ????? e ??????th ?? (????u
????a ?????? ???? ?y ????ey ????a);
???? ?????y?e ???? ?????o ?????e ?????o ?e e ??? ?a?? ?????? e ???a,
????o e a????th ??/;
????ue ??????i ?????a ?i???iy?e ???u ?????? ???th ??;
?????y ???e ????e ???e ?a???i ?????? ??a ? ???a ???a?a ????a;
??ay ?????y ???????e e ??????? ???;
???????a ???e, ?????a ???-y?????? ???u;
????? ?????e (??? ?e ????e) a ???;
???a ????y?? ???-?????? ?n???e ?y ??y???y ???? ????a;
???? ????? ?????o ?e ??ce ??? ???i ?????a e o.ae.
2. O???u, ?eyth?a ? ???ue ???e ????e e ???? ???o ??c ?y ?????e O????
Eeth??i ???? ?y ?????y ???e ????e, ????th?o e ??????? ??? ?y ?????? e
???e ?????? ?????e O???? y?y?ny ??e?a ??????ey ?????? ????a ?????a.
N????ay ???a ?????? ????a ??? ????? ?? ???? a E???? ?????? ??????. I? ??
????ny ?????? ???????? ????a ??i?e, ???? e ??aea??a a y??????,
?????????, ?????, ???a???, ???????, ???e, ?????e, y?????? e ??? ???.
E???u y? ?nyo ?????? ???? e ???eytho ???ua ??, ??????? e ???a ??? ?????
e ?a?? ???? ??ae???. I?e ?????? ???? a ???e ??a ??th?th?y a ??? ??????e
???e, ? ??????, ???????e e o??????? ?????e, a ??????? ???e ???? ???
???e, ? ?th???, a ?????e on??e ?y ???i, ???????? ???ey ?????a.
N????o ?yae ????, ???th?o ??a? ???e ????e ?y ?????e O????. I??a ??i, y?:
???ae IAOI e ???? ???o (??i?) ???? ?a ?? ???????e ??a e ?c ?i?? N??a
A?????e III. A????? a ?? ??????? ????, ? ??? ???e ??????? ?? ???????
????? a ??;
????ath??y ???????e ??a ?y? ???o ??? e ?????a ? ?????? ? ???eth ????? e
???e ???e ??? ????y. O?ay ???ey ??o ?????ue ? e ?????i ??? y?? ??e
?????;
?????y ?y????e ? ????? ?i???? O???? ?????o ?????o ??a e ?????? ?e
?????e;
?oy???ny ?i?? ??????ey a??? ?????e e ????? ??????i ????a ?????e O????,
??????a o??????a ?????? ???u e ?????n?i ?????e ???? ??. E? ????o – ?????
??? ???ue ?????e e ??? ????? A????? N? ?????e O????, ??? ??e, ????
?????? e ???a, ?????? ???? ?a?????e ??e (?e) ?????i ?????i, ???e e
?????e ????, ??iyy ?o?? ????? ???i. Y? a ?ith ???ue ??o e ????eth ???e
?????? ?????e O???? a ??i.
Aeey ???a ??, ?e ??o ?????ny ???-?????ay ?????, a ???e ???e ???ny ??????
a ???? ???? ???e ????, ???o ????ue, a ?i ??a ? a??????? ????a. A ?i
????i. ???y ????y a ?i???? ??e A??? ?a a ?? y?? ??o ???i ?ey? ? ?????
???/??a ???? e ??ue ???u a ??i. I??? ????? ???o e ???e X. I?e???, ??y?
???? i??oth?y i??y???th a NOA, ?????e ???? ?ae A???e e ???eth ?ae ??i. E
y? ????a ???e y?y?? e y?y?ny ?eueth ?????e ????a ???e ????, a ??? – e
????? ??c.
Ii ??? ????th a ?? ???y ??, ?? e ??o ???? ???ue?o, ?????? e ????o ??c e
???a ????? ????a. Ia ????? ??ia – ???y, ?? a ???y?? ????i ye?????i
??iy?e. – ???i ???? e ?ae?e ???o ???e ????, ???a, ???y ???oth ?a?????? ?
??? ??. a ?????? ??? ?a – ?????? ??? ?? ?y ??i a ?????e? ??????, ?ey???e
??? a ???a??? ??o.
E?? ???u ??o ???ey? ???? ???o ????? e ??c a ??? ?ny???e OOO a?a? E??e
????y? a ????? ?????a ?e a ?? ??o ????????y ???-?????ay ????ea a y?o
???? I?, ? ?o ??yae, ???:
???y ???ue ???????;
?? ????? a ??????e ???e ?? ?e ???e ???o i???, ?e ?????, ?e e ??????o;
?? ?ey?y e ?????? ??????n?o e y??????o ?????e;
y?i ????? ????? NOA ????? ?? ????? ????i ? ????a a???.
Ia ????i ??? ???o ?????ny ??i. ???? ???a ? ???? ????a e ????a ???e ????e
?y ???e a ????e e ?????? ?????a ?????? ???i ??o ???ey?ny ?y????ueth NOA
? ??????th ???e ?? ??aey ? ??? ????y ?????? ???oae e ????a.
I??a ??i, ????ue ????ey? ?????e ?y ????i ?????a NOA ??i a ??? ??????o
????. N ??e ??ey ???????, ?y ?????y ??e???? ????a ? ????y ??u ? ??????e
????n: NOA a?? ?????ue ??? n ?th???e ?i, ?a y? ????, ? ??? ?????ue
???iy??? ?i, ?a y? ?????. A?e ?e ????? ???? a A????? NOA ?????
?????oth?? ??eth?y? N??a A?????e III, ? a ????? ??ien??ey A?a ? ????
?????ue ???th ?y ????ey ????a ???? e ???? ??e ?? a eth?i ?????e.
E??a ????i ????y ?????i Aa???? ? ??? ??? ??? ???ey ?ae ????ey?, ???e, ?
? ??eth, ?? ??y???i ?y ?????y ???yth?? ???? ??????a NOA e ??????ny ? ?e
??????a ?????y. A o??eyo, ??a o A????a ?o ???i ? ??i ?????, ??????y A?a
?uy?ea, ?i ???a ??????i ??o ???? ? ? i??a ????? ???, a ? ??????e ????y
??? e ?????, ???yth?? ???? ??? a ????a n eth?i ??????? ?????i.
I??eyth?a ???a ??????i NOA ?c?ey? ?????i ???? ?? ???? ?i?????a. O????e
?? ?? ? i “??????e”, a ? “??????e” ??a. A ?? ? NOA ???? ?????ue, ? ???ay
?????i ???, ????? ???a, y?????? e ?????? ???u ??? ???u e ????ue ??????
??e a??. N ??? ?e?????e A?e??? ???? ???o ?????, ??? ???-?????? ????? n
??e, ???e ?o, ??e ??ey, NOA ?? ???y?y ???? ?????? e ??????. O???e ???i
?????e ????e a A?????. Aa???i ???? ??oth?a ??? – ???u ?e ????? “?e ?a”.
E? ???y ?????ue ?? ????
Ae???y A????a ??atho ?????oth e ?????oth ????o ?y ????? ??u. E???a ? ??
?? ? y?u, ? ??i ?????? n ???e ???ueth ???i??, ?i, ??y? n ????i ??i?????o
?????e e ?????e, y? ????? ??????, y?????? e ???o ???e NOA a ??i ?y? ????
??, a ?i ??a – ???ath?o e ???? ???e.
Aea, ?? N????? O?? ??ath?y a ??i?? e ?th???. Ii ?????ey ??????e A??i ??
(?????e ? ??i ???? ????: “?i ? n ?? – ?o ??? ?n”) ???ytho ???ue ??ae:
??i ????ny ????i, ??? ??oy a ????a ???? NOA. I?????i a y?i ??a, /? ??
??????ue ?????? ????? ? ????th e ???e a ??o ? ????o ath ??????e ????,
??e ? ??ey? ? ???e NOA ? ?????? I?I e ????eth IAOI ? ???.
3. N???oth?a e ??????? ??? a??? ????i?e ?????e O????
N???a ??? ??????y ???????? ??u a A??a ? ??th?? ?????e ????ey e ???ey
?????o ????, a ?i ??a n ?????i a ?o ???e. ?????? y???? y?o ???? i?? ??ue
e ???a ae???y. A?? ??, y? ????u ??o ??i ????i??ny e ??????y NOA e C??? n
??th ????y ??????? ???a ?ey?y ? ???? ???e
N?????? a ??????, y?????? e ???e ??? ??o ????th?? e ???ath?? ???? ?? ?
?????, ??????a ??e ??y????, ?????a ????u ? ?????? ???, ???a a ??? ??y o
?y? ????? ??? ?????o ?e, a ??a y???i ??ey, ??o ?-???? ???ey? ????th ???,
a ?i /e?a e ???th, ?y ?????? ???e e ??i N?????.
I???? ?????e ??????y ?????o ???? ??o ??ue ???yth?yny ????y ????? a ????o
???? ????oa, ????y ???? y??????, y???????o, ???i????, ?????o e ???
?????? a ???yo ???ey ?????i? ????? ? ? ??????eth.
A ???? ??????e ????e a ??a ????? ?????a ???o ?????a? ???? e 2003 ?? a
?????? n ???y? A?????i ?th? ?????o ?e ???? ?????ey. Eo ???a ??? – ?????
???? ? ??????th ?????? ?????e.
Ae??e ?? A?????i ?th? ????ya?y ????????? ??????e ?????e ????e ???????.
I???i ???? ???e ? ???? a ay??????e e y????? ???, y?yth??y ?th??? a
?a?i-?????? ?? ?????o ?????. E ??o ???? ?ny???y AN ??? ??a??e ?????a,
?????a ? IAOI (????? ? NOA) ?????a??-????a???th ???????, ???o ????ey
???e ???ey? e ???-?????oth ???th. A ??? ????? ?y???? ??a AN i??? ?????ue
????ue ???-?????? ???? (??? ? ????) ? ???th n ??th ????iey ?????o ????a.
A??? ?????a ??? ??? ???? e 2010 a. ??? ????e IAI, ???a ????? ???? ???y?
???e ?????e I?I. E?? ??, A??????y e O???y ? ???th?y ?????ny ? y???i
??ey.
I????th ????ue ?y ???e a?? ????ey? N????????? ?thc e ?i ?????a ??.
I???y?y ???-????n?? ?????a ??a ??o ?-???? ????? ? ?????a ?uey?a a
?????oth ?????th, ????th ????ue ?? ???-ii????? e y?????? ????ey ? ??? a
A??a, ? e ? ? ????e. I? y?i ??y? n ????? ?????? ?????, ?????i ??a
c?????a ???? ??o ??y? ????eth ???e ???eyth?e ?uey?a.
N ??????? e IAOI ??? – ????? ??? e ???e ???e ??? ????e IAOI ??o ???? ??e
a 1,5 ??. Iiy?? ????ay ????ey ??? ?????y IAOI ? ???, ?e ?????uo ???yo,
??o ???? ?y ???e ?????? ????a ??iy ?????iie ???e ????e.
?????a IAOI ??o ??????oth ???????. Ai-???, ?eth??a ??o ??i a IAOI ?????o
?????e NOA e ??eo ???o ??? ?uey?a ????ue ?????? e ???a ???? ? ???th n
th??i, th?-????i, ??ae?? e ???-??ae?? ?????e. Y? ???? ??o ???????y ?e
???a ???a, ????ey??i ?c ????????i ????ey ???e ?? a ?eyo ????ey ??????o
????a: ???y ? ?????i ????? ?????? ???? e ????ay ???????? ????e.
Ii-????, ??? ?????i IAOI ? ??????o ?????ue y??? ?e ???e ??u ??? ???e a
???? ????/??? ???ey. O?ay ??? ? ??o ?e??ny ?????? ? ?o ??, ?? ?? ?????ue
?????? y??? ??? a ??o ? ????? ???e ?? ni ???u N?????????i ?uey?a. Iiy??
??? ?????? ???e, ????th ????e? IAOI ? ???o ??????ue ????i ?e ????? e ??a
? A????? ???eth.
Ai-???, ????? IAOI ????ey? ?y ???e ??? ???-???????i ????a. A ?????
?????i ????ey IAOI ????? ??? ???? ???????i ????y, ?i ???? ???i ?iy? ???
e ???a ???. A y?i ? ???n? ????? ??????ue ????o ???i ????i IAOI ?????,
??????ath?o ?????ue ??????y ?? a ??????i ??????.
N???y ??o ??ue ?a ??a ???e a ??? ????ey ? ????? ??i A???? A??u e A??e
?????e ??e (?e) ?uey?a, a ?i ??a y???. A ????? ??????i ??????y ???? ???
?????i ????ny ??y ???????i ??????ey, ?i ?????i i???? ?????e ? ??y?th
????? i? a ??? ????e ????.
A-???o, a ??iy?a ??y ????? ?uey?a e ??? ?i ????a ??e i????ytho ??e ? ???
y???eth ???/??th, y?????oth, ???th, ? e y???eth ????i-???????th,
?????oth ? ????eth ????-????? ?????? ???e.
I??y ????th ??th?? e ??, ?i ??? ?????a ??e NOA e N?????????i ?uey?a, a
?? ????o ??? (????? ?????? ?????ny n ???????i ?????, ????? ????e ????,
?????ay i???????ue e o.ae.) ?a a ??iy?a ??y ??o ?? e ??, ??u ???????
???th ? ??? ????e n C??? e ? ????y?th.
I???a ????ue ????y ??????e NOA ???ue ??????oth ?????? n ???th ???ey ???u
I?I, ?oy n ??e ??ey ?????? ? ???????th ???e ????ey? y??? ?????a ?a
?iy??y ? ??a 2010 a.
I?????? ????ueth ?y ???e y?ya?y ???? ????a ?????y ???-???o ?e a ??? ????
?????. I? ?o???e ???? ????e, e 2005 a. ?o ?? ??o ???? ? *??i ?? AIN O??e
– a ?a, ? A??? O??e ??a a ?a ??, A???e – a ???. Ia Ae??? A??? ??? a
?????e ???-???o ?e a ??? ??? ????? ??o ?a ??a ??????.
I?????? ????? ??????y a A??a ???-?????? ??y???? ??o ????ny ????
?????????e ???????o ??? ??o ??????e ??????e. I??y ??th??, ?i ?????ue
????? NOA e IAOI, ????a ??? ??o ??? n ???e ??????ueth ????ny ??????y ??o
???????o e ?? ??yc?? e ???e e A???e, ?i ?????i, ???? ???? e ???o ????eth
i????e. A???ay ??y???? ??o, ?e ?????uo ???yo, ??e ? ?ae ???ey e ????e a
?????e ????, a ?i ??a e n ?y???? a ?? ????? NIA.
Ia ???a TH???? ??i ??? ?a? i ?????e ???o ??c ? “???i???e ?y????e” NOA e
? ????o nith???, ? n?????th?e ????th?i ??????-???? ???. I?????ay ??? ?y
???e ?y?? n ?i, ?i “????/??a ??” ?c ???e N??a A?????e III ??o ?? ???u ?
????? n?????o n ?????e O????e ????? n ??th ???ey ???-??????i ???ey ?e
???ey ????a ?y ???oth?o ?????o ????.
N????a ???? ????? (a ??e ????e ??y?a 140) ??? y????????? ????? ? ??????i
??????, ???a, ? ???i y?i??a, ?yae ? ?ae? ??????u a ????i ???i, ??a
????ey? ????ue ?y ?????? ?????? ???e.
Ia ???o ????, ?i ???y ? 89 ????a ?????e O???? 45 (51%) y?yth?y ?e?????.
I? ???tho 76,6% ?????. O? ????o ??a 40% ????y ???e. I??i 24 ???? ?????e
O???? ????ue a ?e??? ?????? ???a. Y? ??????i ??y ???ey. A ??? ?????
?-??i? ????ue ???? ??? ????i e ?????? ?????e Oa???e a ?????i ?????? a ?o
??o ?i?????? ???yo, a ???o ?a ????ue.
A????e ???-??????e ?ey? ???o ?????, ??y??? ??? ???e, ??o ??: ????? ???o
???i a ??? ???o ??i C??a e eo ?th?e?a; ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???e e
??????o ??i NIA e i??a ? ??????? ????? ?e ?????, ????o ?ey? ? ???? ????
a ???a e ??, a ??a ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????u.
C??e ????? ??????e ????e ??o ??ue ?????? ??? ? N??????e ????, ???? A??e,
E??????ay ???ue, ???????e ??? ? C??a, ????? ??? ? TH?-C??a.
A??i-?????? ????u ??o ??????e ??????e a ??e Oe????? e A???? A??a ??o e ?
???ue ?y?? ?ey?y ? ???th ?????? ???e, ??? a ?????? ???e ?i??u ????ue ?
?????? e y?????? ????.
A??i-?????ay ????? ? TH? ????ny ???? ???e e ???????. I? ??o ????????y
???i ???c?i e a ??? ???e ????????ueth ???ey ???e.
Y?o ???, ?e ???e ???, y?ya?y ???? ?????? ???? ????o ?e, ???o ??? ca ???e
a i? ?? ?ey?y. I???a ????i y? ?iy?y?ny ??c ???ey NOA, ???a ???n?? ???y
?????????? ???? a A?????, ????y ???th ????????oth e ?????th ????? a y?e
???, ???th ???ue ??e????e (??c???i e ???o ?????), ???eytho ?? ?ey?a a
Oe????? A?e.
A????i ?-???? y?y?ny ??i ? ???? ???o ??? ?????? e i?????? ??y????. A?a ?
??i ?n? ?? i ?y?e ???? a y?e ??? ?ae ???? ??????e ??????o???e ????.
I???? ???ey?ny ????e ????e ??????a ? ????? ?? A????? ????o ?????, ??? ?
???o ????? ?????a, ???oth ?i?????? ??. I???a ??i a A????? ????th?y ????
I???? e E??, ???a ?atho n ?i ??a ?a??. ?????? y?o ??i ? ??th?? ?? ?????e
?? ?????? a ?????e ????.
C????a ?a ??a ???????y A?e???i n ??e ??ey ??o ????o ????a, ??????
???????ey ?i ??? ???ath?y. NOA ????atho ???e ????e ?ey?y ? ???,
????ath?e ?a ???a ??????? ???? ?e ?y ???e, ?e e a ????a ??a ???o
???????o ?????e. Ia??ath?y ?????ey a y?i ??? ?? ???i?o e y?????? ????a
??????i e???a ????o, a ????i ???i, ???? ?????y NOA a ?eyo ?????y yo?
????a. I??? ???????i ?????o? C??a a ???y, ??n?aey?a ? E???, ? ?a ??i.
A????? ????????i ???? ??????a ? ??th??.
Aeay????ue O??e ??o ????? ? ????? ??o ??????, y?????? e ???-??????? ??e,
???? ? ?o?? y?yth?y ????? ???e e ? ?y?e n ??????e NIA, ?y???a ? a
??????a ????a ?????e n ?????? ???ey ???i ??????? ??a a ????? ???e,
??????a ????o ????, ???-?????? ????? e ??? E??? e Oe?o???? A?e a ????
?????? ????e ??e ????i y??????i ??????.
E?i ??a ?????? ??ey ? ?n???th ??? ?ey?y a ???a. O???y ?????th??y ??????i
? ?ey?a ? TH? ? ???u NOA, O??e, I????, a ??a ???????? ?????a ???n?ey
??ue E?ay e E??, O??? ??o ????ny e ?????th ??o ???e a Oe????? A?e.
I??ay ???th ???-?????oth ????oue E????a e A??u a ???a, ???? ? ?????ue,
?i ?oy ?????a ??e I???? e O??e ???tho ?????ue ?y?? ???? ?????ey n ???? e
???? NIA. ??? a ??? ??e???ey ??????i ???? ????a ???, ??aey ? ?????o
????a, ????ue ??? ???? ?????e e ??e? ??e ? ???????th?o ???.
E?ey ??o ????ny e ?????th ?????? a ???o, ????? n I???i?. I? y?i ??? E??
e ?????? ?????? a ?????? ?? ??o i???y?ny ? ?????i ??? ????th?th ?? a
TH?? A?e e ???? Ei???? ???. I?????a ??i a ??e ?y????e E?ey ???o ??????
????? ??o ??? ? ???eth A????e ??????i ??????? ????? ?? E????i ???,
?????y ?iy? a ?e a??ea ???e.
N????a ?????a ????? ? TH? ??? ???a ???? e ????? ?ie ???e a ???a ???????i
???? ???? ?????o ?????a ?????e ?????? ? ?????o ?e ?e ? ?? ????ey ???a
???o ???o ???e, ?e e ??i ????ey ????i?i ???? ??????. N????y ????y ?y?
???o ??i e ????th ???i ????i ????y e ????? ?i ???ee (E?e, E?i, E???).
A?? ??, I???i ????? ?y?e, ?i ???? yae??i ?????i.
I???a ???i y?y?ny ????th??y ???????a ???i-y??? e ????? ????? (E???.
E?ey, E?e, E?i, I???i) e ????? a ???a ???a ?????o ??????? ?????.
E????? ?????o ???e?a a Oe????i-A???? ??????? ??? ??o ??ue ?????? ????o
???o ???e?a a ?????? (????????) ??u n ?????i a ?o ??i NIA, O??e e ?????o
?????e ????o ???-???/??o ??? e ???? A?????, ????? ????ey ?y? ???o ??i
???a e ????th ???i ????i ????y e ????? ?i ????, a ??a ???ay ???ey ????y.
I??y ? ???ue i ???? ?????? ???a ?y ??i TH?. I????????a ??? ??? ???yi, a
??a ??? ????? ?????a ???o ????ny ??e ???i ???i ?y ???? ??i a ???? ?????e
????? a ???a. E???y ?????? ? ?????o ??e???e, C?? ???? ???oth ?y ?ay e
E??ey no?????oth ??th ? ???? ????a ??o ???e ???y? a ???, ??o ???i e
??????.
I???y ????a y?? ??th??ny a ?i, ?i A???? e ???a ???? n??u ?aeyo ??ue ????
???? y??????? e ??y a XXI a. e ??o n????y ????? ?? ???? ? ? ???????? ?
???a ??e, ??????i ??o ????a ??????. Aeay????ue C??a ? ???eth ??????e ?
??????i ?????? ??o a ?????? ?? ????ue ???? ???e.
Ai??-?????ay ????? ? A??? ???ny ???e. I??????e ????y? y?yth?y: ?????
?y?e ???e n E?a?, ss???, TH?? E??e e ???? ANAAI; ???e ???ue a
A???i-O?????? ?a?? ?????oth ???o ?????y ??a e ??????ey ???o ???i; ????
??y???? ? E???? ?????a. I????a ?????a ? ? ???? ???atho ???? NOA, ss??e e
E?ay ? ?o????th ????a a ???a. NOA a ????? ???i ???yo a ???o, ??????iii
???ath?o e ?????o Ae???o A???, 100-?ny?oth ????th ?????o ??o ??e, ???y
???????y A????ii a ???? ??? ? ??? ?????ia ????? ?????? ????????? ?e? a
AO?.
N??? ?????ue, ?i ??? ???? ? ???u N????? O??a ??i ??y?ny ????eth ?? ????
?????n?a. I??i ??a “?????” ??o ????? ??????? ???? e ???? ????i?? o ????
?????.
??ue ?? i ??e ???? “I???o ??a??? y??-??????i ??????? a ???e ???u”. A
???a ? ?ae??? ????a 1978 ??, ???e ??????? ????? ???ey ??? a ??? ?y?ai
????y ? ss??th, ??a ????? ?y??? O?? e A???? ?????? a ai??e ??a e a ???
??????y “?????? ??iy???a” a “???athu? ???o”. N?ue y?o “??iy???a” e
?i?????a ??e ??u ????? ???? a ????a ?????i ? ????u. Ii ??ae ????: ??
???o ????a, a ??oth ???ue ??????, ?????i ???y?ny, e y? ???? e ????eth
???a ??c ?????? ?y ???e ? A???.
ss??y ??o ????ny e ??????o ?????o n A????? a ?????? ???? ??y?a e ???ny
?iy? a i????? i???? “??? A?e”. I? ? ???o ??o ??? ? “?????th ???? ?????”.
E?? ?????? ???? ??ey ? ?????e a ??ue ??????i ???????i ??a, ??????i ?
?????a ??iu e ???? XXI ?? a ??oth ???o, ????th ????ue ??th?a ?ey?a ?
???? ???-?????? ????? a ?? e, a ??oth ???ue, a AO?. Iiyo?o I?? ??????i a
????? ? ae????i ????oth ?????o ????? ???-?????? ????? a ???a. A??a n ?i
????a ??? ? ?e?i ? ??th?tho, ? e ?y? ??????atho ?????ue ??????y ???e ??
?e ??? ? ????ey ?y ??? ?????? ????a EI?. A ????e ?????a ????ny e ?e
?????? ???yo ?ae? ????y ??y??? ????ey E??i ?????o ?e ?y ?????y ???e?i
?????? ?ae ????? ????ey? a TH?i-E???? (???a I?????a e N???) e
A???i-E???? (???a N???) ??yo, a ??a ?y ???y ?????e ????.
A ????e ???? a ????e ???e ????th?i y?y?ny ????? e ?????o ???eth ??????.
???i-y???/??o e ???o ?y?e. I??i, ????y ia ????? a ??i ???? ????e, a ?o
???yth?y e ?? ???ath?y ??o??a ?i??, ??????? ???a??i ????i ???e, a a
?????a ????a ???ue ??? ?????? ???e.
O????e ???? ????a ?????i ????? ????ue a ????e ???e ??? ??????? ??, ???y?
??????o ??ae e ?????a, a ??oth ??a? a ???-?????? ???e e a ??a?e ???i
E?ay ? ????eth ???e.
I?? ?iy?y? ?????oth ???????i?ue a ????? ???????? ???? e ?????e ?y ?
????ey a ????yo ??o ???e e NOA, ??o ???? e ss???. E???? ?????i ?????ao,
??i ???i, ? ????ue ???i ?e??ey ???e e ????? NIA ? ???ie ???a, ???? ????
C??a ? EI?, ???? ????? ??? E?ay a ??o????i ???a ?e.
I???y ??? ???? ???-??e???o ??????? n ????, ???u, ?i?i, ? ???? ?y??? ?ay
???-?? ???????e ?y??????, ?i ??a ??????i ????a. A ???yo ???yth??y a ???o
C??a ?????e ? ???a ???? a EI?, a I??a ??????tho ???th a ???? ??? ? ????
????o ????? ????y ?????o ???o ????? ?e ?????o ????? ????. I???a ??ey ?e
y?i ?????oth?y ? ????e ???a e ???? ???e??? ?????i, a ??oth ???ue a ?o
???yo, a ???o EI? ? a ??iy?e ???iy??? ????? ????? ? ???? ??iy. N y?e
??th ?????ath?y ?? ? ?????eth, a ?i ??a ???oth e ??????i i??, ??????
????a?y e ?????, a ??a e ?????th ???-??e??? ?????? ? ???e e ?????? ??? a
????o E?ay.
????a ????e n E??i ??????ny ?????i ????? ?????y a ?????? n EI? ???o ??i
NIA. O????e ? Ae??? A???, a C????a, E????a e E???e ????? ???n y?i????e e
???????e y???? E?ay, ???e, ?e ?????? ???yo, ??o ???? e ??????th ???????o
??y??e I??a e ???e e ?????? – ??? Ni????a, a ??a e ????? ? y????e ??a.
I???????y ??? ???e ?????? ???e ? A??? a ??iy?a ??y ?????o, ??? ???a
????a ?????y?? ???? ??????o ??????th ?????ue ???? ???ey ia ???th ? ???u
NOA, ss??e e E?ay.
E ??i ???? ??ny?y: ????? ????? ?????a e ????eth ???th?ai ????y a ???a e
?? e ???e ?? y??????i e ???? ?????a ???; ????? ?????? ?????a ??? ??????
y???o ?????o ?e, ????ey?? a ?????? n ??y?e a 1995 a. ?????? I????e
?????? ???u, ?i ?e ?????? ??iy????o ??o ???? e ??????e ??????i? e ???
?????? a ???th o??o ? ???u ss??e.
E???? ????? ?-???? ???ny ????i ??? ??y???? ? A???. NOA, ss??y e E??
????? ? ??????? a ?????e ???i ???? ????ai ?????a, ???a ??o ??ue ?y ?o
?????? y?????? ?????i, a a ?????a – e ??? ???-?????? ??e.
O?? ???i, ???-?????ay ???ey ? A???, ? ????th n ???e ????e, ???????y ???e
??y???th ??i? ????ey e ??y???y ??ue ????n???e ??u. I??i ?e ?????
n???oth?o ????? ??y???? ??cy ??th?? ?y??ey ??ue ??o ??????, ?i??????
????ath?o ???? ?????? ???e.
A??c ??c ???e ?????? ?????e ????e ??o ???ui, ?? ? ??y?? i ??i ???????
???a, ????i ?eyth?i ? ???? ?????? ????e a ???e e a ?y? ?????? ?????, ?e
????i. I??? I??? ?O N. A. E??a, ???ay ? 38-e Ithi???e ?????e ? ?????? a
???a 2002 a.. ???e, ?i ????ue ???, ?y??ay n ?y????ueth ???????? ?????e a
????a ??y ? ??? ????ny, ?, ??? ??i, ?a ??a o???y. A ?????a, a ??? ????ey
???????y ??? ?????a, ??n??o ????ue ? ?????y n ??th ????? ??????? ???? a
????o ????.
O???? a ??? ??, ?e y? e?? ??i ?e ????e ????o ???? ? Ae???i ?e ? ??y
????o a?e ? Iueth-E?e e A????, ?????y ia ??i. N????? ????i ??i nay?i n
??????i, ????? ????e i???, ??????i e ???????? ????o ??a, n ?????? ????,
?i ????? e ?? n ????i ????o ??i?o ??.
A?????e ??? ??? ???? e ???e, a ???o ?a ?????y, ???y? ???ue ???c i ?????
???? ??????e, ????? ???????-?????? ????? e ??a ????????i ??iy ???????
????? ? ?? ?????ey ??a ????ey ???i????o e ???o ??e, ????????y ????i?
????? ?????a ? ?? ????i ??????y ??????, ???i ???ey ?????? ???????? ????
n ???i?? ??????, a ??a ??????y ?e ??????i ??o ?? ?????i? ???????.
I???????i ????? ???? ??e ??i y?y?ny ???a ???????? ???? “?????i-???????e
???”.
A??u
1. O???? ?????o ???o ??c ?????? ????y. N????o ??e ???o e ????? ???o ??c,
a ? i???o e ?, e ??? ?eth?tho ??? ?????i, ??????i e ???? ????a. A??e ??e
?yae ??o ???o ??c, ???a ?a ????i ?o ??ae ????ue ????y??e ?e ??????e.
O???? ??ii?y? ??o ???? e ?????e ????. A???a ????ue ??????, ????o, ? ????
??????????o ????? e ??. N????i ?? ?? ??? ???????th?o ?e. E????ue ??n?a,
???a ??o ??????ny ?y ???ai ???ey e ????? ???o ??c.
2. ???e, a ?eyo ?????y ??e a??????? ??????, ????? ????ue e ???????
????th?a e ??????a ???, ??ue ? ?? ?e ? ?? e ?????? ??????ue ???e ????
?????o ?? a ??????, y??????, ????? e ??? ???yo ???????e ?y????e. I??a
???? ???o ??y? ???o ??????? ??y?a, ????? e ?????? ?? a ???e ???i?????e e
???e ?y????e N??ia?? O??a A???. E??i NOA, a ????o ????ey ???ey??i ??,
??????? a ??????e ???i ?? ???y?? ?e ?????.
3. O??u ?????? ?????? ????e? O???? e ? ?th??? a ????e ??a ? ?a ???e ?a??
??a??tho ?????e ????. N?i ? ?? ???a ??c ? ???a e ????a ????ny a ??????
???e ????, ??a?? ?e ?????? ??iy????o ??o o????????y a ???a. O???th?y
???-?????a, ???-y?ii????, ??????? e ??? ???a ????e.
4. A??c ????o ??c ?????, ?i ?y ???ey ????? ??iy ? ??????y, ???a ?????y
???e ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???e, ????ey?, ?????e ??th e ??????e n??, ???a
???yo ??? ? ?a ??e?th?a ???? a ??a ???e ??????. A??a n ?i ??ay ???a ???
a?ue ????? ?????o, ???????ue a ?i ????o e ???? ?.
5. Aeey ????ey ??????? ?? ?a??a?y ???e ?????? ?????e O????, ??? ??i,
????y ????? ???? ?????? ?????e O???? e ? ????a ???ey. Ia ????a ??e ????,
? ??? ??i ?????ue a ???o ???o e ????o, ??? ????? ?? ?????y ??????.
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