Iineianeee i?aeaia Eaieia, i?aeaia Ieoya?ueneie
?aaiethoeee e i?aeaia O?oaeiaiai E?aniiai Ciaiaie
AINOAeA?NOAAIIUE OAOIE*ANEEE
OIEAA?NEOAO
eiaie I.Y.Aaoiaia.
________________________________________________
Oaeoeueoao ?E
Eaoaae?a ?E2
?aoa?ao ii oaia
“Aieieiiii-iioe/aneea ae?ineiiu”
nooaeaioee
Iaoaaaaie Eyiu Aeaenaiae?iaiu
a?oiia ?E3-101.
I?aiiaeaaaoaeue
Iaioeiia Aeaaeeie? Ai?eniae/
Iaeaaeaiea
TOC \o “1-3” \t “PLM caaie 2;1;PLM caaie 3;2″ Iaeaaeaiea GOTOBUTTON
_Toc358894098 PAGEREF _Toc358894098 2
Aaaaeaiea GOTOBUTTON _Toc358894099 PAGEREF _Toc358894099 3
I?eioeei aeaenoaey iioe/aneiai ae?ineiia GOTOBUTTON _Toc358894100
PAGEREF _Toc358894100 3
No?oeoo?iua noaiu iioe/aneeo ae?ineiiia GOTOBUTTON _Toc358894101
PAGEREF _Toc358894101 5
Eieueoeaaie eaca?iue ae?ineii. GOTOBUTTON _Toc358894102 PAGEREF
_Toc358894102 6
Aieieiiii-iioe/aneea ae?ineiiu. GOTOBUTTON _Toc358894103 PAGEREF
_Toc358894103 8
Iioe/aneee ae?ineii n eieueoeaaui ?aciiaoi?ii ianneaiiai oeia
GOTOBUTTON _Toc358894104 PAGEREF _Toc358894104 10
Iaoiaeu iiauoaiey /oanoaeoaeueiinoe GOTOBUTTON _Toc358894105
PAGEREF _Toc358894105 11
Ooiiaua oaeoi?u, iaoiaeu eo ono?aiaiey GOTOBUTTON _Toc358894106
PAGEREF _Toc358894106 12
Iniiaiua iioe/aneea nenoaiu n iiauoaiiie noaaeeueiinoueth GOTOBUTTON
_Toc358894107 PAGEREF _Toc358894107 13
Oaeoi?u, ia?aie/eaathuea ?ac?aoathuoth niiniaiinoue GOTOBUTTON
_Toc358894108 PAGEREF _Toc358894108 15
Oa?aeoa?enoeee e iaoiaeu eo oeo/oaiey GOTOBUTTON _Toc358894109
PAGEREF _Toc358894109 16
Nenoaia n oaciaie iiaeoeyoeeae GOTOBUTTON _Toc358894110 PAGEREF
_Toc358894110 17
Nenoaiu n eciaiaieai /anoiou GOTOBUTTON _Toc358894111 PAGEREF
_Toc358894111 20
Nenoaia ni naaoiaui aaoa?iaeeie?iaaieai GOTOBUTTON _Toc358894112
PAGEREF _Toc358894112 22
Caeeth/aiea GOTOBUTTON _Toc358894113 PAGEREF _Toc358894113 24
Nienie eeoa?aoo?u GOTOBUTTON _Toc358894114 PAGEREF _Toc358894114
24
Aaaaeaiea
Ae?ineii auiieiyao ooieoeee aeaoaeoi?a oaeiaie nei?inoe a eia?oeeaeueiii
i?ino?ainoaa e ii i?aao iiaeao iacuaaoueny aaniethoiui oaoiiao?ii,
yaeyynue no?oeoo?iui yeaiaioii eia?oeeaeueiie iaaeaaoeeiiiie nenoaiu,
ia?aaaouaathuae eioi?iaoeeth i ianoiiaoiaeaeaiee naiieaoa eee noaeia n
oeaeueth auaaaeaiey aai ia eo?n. A ninoaa yoie nenoaiu iau/ii aoiaeeo
o?e ae?ineiia — aeey ecia?aiey nei?inoe a?auaiey aie?oa o?ao
i?oiaiiaeueiuo inae, o?e aenaea?iiao?a — aeey ii?aaeaeaiey nei?inoe e
?annoiyiey e iai?aaeaiee o?ao inae e eiiiuethoa? — aeey ia?aaioee
auoiaeiuo neaiaeia yoeo i?eai?ia. E naiieaoiui ae?ineiiai
i?aaeuyaeythony i/aiue aunieea o?aaiaaiey: ?ac?aoathuay niiniaiinoue e
ae?aeo ioey 0,01(//, aeeiaie/aneee aeeaiacii 6 ii?yaeeia, aunieay
noaaeeueiinoue (10-5) ianooaaiiai eiyooeoeeaioa i?aia?aciaaiey oaea
iiai?ioa a auoiaeiie neaiae. Aei neo ii? i?eiaiyeenue a iniiaiii
iaoaie/aneea ae?ineiiu, ?aaioathuea ia iniiaa yooaeoa oaea?aeaiey ine
a?auaiey oaea a iaeiii iai?aaeaiee eia?oeeaeueiiai i?ino?ainoaa (caeii
nio?aiaiey iiiaioa eiee/anoaa aeaeaeaiey). Yoi aei?iainoiyuea i?eai?u,
iineieueeo o?aaoaony aunieay oi/iinoue oi?iu oaea a?auaiey e
ieieiaeueiia aiciiaeiia o?aiea iiaeoeiieeia. A ioee/ea io iaoaie/aneeo
iioe/aneea ae?ineiiu, iai?eia?, aieieiiii-iioe/aneea, nicaeaiiua ia
iniiaa yooaeoa Naiueyea, eiatho no?oeoo?o noaoe/aneiai oeia,
iaeaaeathuoth ?yaeii aeinoieinoa, iniiaiua ec eioi?uo: ionoonoaea
iiaeaeaeiuo aeaoaeae e, neaaeiaaoaeueii, onoie/eainoue e onei?aieth;
i?inoioa eiino?oeoeee; ei?ioeia a?aiy caionea; aunieay
/oanoaeoaeueiinoue; aunieay eeiaeiinoue oa?aeoa?enoee; ieceay
iio?aaeyaiay iiuiinoue; aunieay iaaeaaeiinoue.
E?iia oiai, aiciiaeii nieaeaiea noieiinoe aieieiiii-iioe/aneeo
ae?ineiiia ca n/ao aiaae?aiey iioe/aneeo eioaa?aeueiuo noai. Ia?yaeo n
eniieueciaaieai a naiieaoao e ia noaeao iiaeii iaeeaeaoue ii ia?a
i?ia?anna a oaoieea ae?ineiiia i?eiaiaiey eo a aaoiiiaeeyo, ?iaioao e o.
ae.
I?eioeei aeaenoaey iioe/aneiai ae?ineiia
I?eioeei aeaenoaey iioe/aneiai ae?ineiia iniiaai ia yooaeoa Naiueyea. Ii
e?oaiaiio iioe/aneiio iooe, eae iieacaii ia ?en. 1, aeaaiaea?y
?anuaieoaeth eo/a naao ?ani?ino?aiyaony a aeaoo i?ioeaiiieiaeiuo
iai?aaeaieyo. Anee i?e yoii nenoaia iaoiaeeony a iieia ioiineoaeueii
eia?oeeaeueiiai i?ino?ainoaa, iaa naaoiauo eo/a ?ani?ino?aiythony
ano?a/ii ii iioe/aneiio iooe iaeeiaeiaie aeeeiu. Iiyoiio i?e neiaeaiee
eo/ae a ?anuaieoaea ii caaa?oaiee iooe iao oaciaiai naeaeaa. Iaeiaei,
eiaaea iioe/aneay nenoaia a?auaaony a eia?oeeaeueiii i?ino?ainoaa n
oaeiaie nei?inoueth (, iaaeaeo naaoiauie aieiaie aicieeaao ?aciinoue
oac. Yoi yaeaiea e iacuaaaony yooaeoii Naiueyea.
?en.1. I?eioeei aicieeiiaaiey yooaeoa Naiueyea
Ionoue eiyooeoeeaio i?aeiieaiey ia iioe/aneii iooe n=1. I?e ?aaeeona
iioe/aneiai iooe a a?aiy aeinoeaeaiey ?anuaieoaey eo/ae naaoii,
aeaeaeoueiny ii /aniaie no?aeea, au?aaeaaony eae
(1)
?en.2. Yooaeo Naiueyea i?e iioe/aneii iooe i?iecaieueiie oi?iu
a i?ioeaiiieiaeiii iai?aaeaiee —
(2)
aaea n — nei?inoue naaoa.
Ec oi?ioe (1) e (2) ?aciinoue a?aiaie ?ani?ino?aiaiey aeaoo naaoiauo
aiei n o/aoii c>>a(
(3)
Yoi icia/aao, /oi iiyaeyaony ?aciinoue aeeeiu iioe/aneeo iooae
(4)
eee, eia/a aiai?y, ?aciinoue oac
(5)
Caeanue S — ieiuaaeue, ieaeieaiiay iioe/aneei iooai; k — aieiiaia /enei.
Oi?ioea (5) auoaeaao ec oi?ioeu (3) i?e aeiiouaiee, /oi n=1 e iioe/aneee
iooue eiaao e?oaiaoth oi?io, ii aiciiaeii aeieacaoue, /oi oi?ioea (5)
yaeyaony iniiaiie aeey yooaeoa Naiueyea. Iia ia caaeneo io oi?iu
iioe/aneiai iooe, iieiaeaiey oeaio?a a?auaiey e eiyooeoeeaioa
i?aeiieaiey.
?en.3. No?oeoo?iua noaiu ae?ineiiia ia yooaeoa Naiueyea
(r e (l – /anoioa aaia?aoeee naaoa n i?aaui e eaaui a?auaieai; ( –
a?aiy, iaiaoiaeeiia aeey iaeiie?aoiiai i?ioiaeaeaiey naaoii eieueoeaaiai
iioe/aneiai iooe; (FSR – iieiue niaeo?aeueiue aeeaiacii
No?oeoo?iua noaiu iioe/aneeo ae?ineiiia
Ia ?en. 3 i?eaaaeaiu iauea noaiu nenoai, ?ac?aaioaiiuo aeey iiauoaiey
oi/iinoe ecia?aiee. Eieueoeaaie eaca?iue ae?ineii (?en. 3, a) ioee/aaony
aunieie /anoioie naaoiaie aieiu — aei ianeieueeeo nioai oa?aaa?oe.
Aieieiiii-iioe/aneee ae?ineii ia ?en. 3, a eiaao aunieoth
/oanoaeoaeueiinoue, aeaaiaea?y eniieueciaaieth aeeeiiiai iaeiiiiaeiaiai
iioe/aneiai aieieia n ieceeie iioa?yie. A iioe/aneii ae?ineiia
ianneaiiai oeia n eieueoeaaui ?aciiaoi?ii (?en. 3, a) eniieuecoaony
ino?ay ?aciiainiay oa?aeoa?enoeea ?aciiaoi?a.
Eieueoeaaie eaca?iue ae?ineii.
Eieueoeaaie eaca?iue ae?ineii ecaioiaeyaony iiaeiaii aaciaiio eaca?o:
a eaa?oeaaii aeiea iooai ?anieaaeaiey nicaeaaony iieinoue (eaiae) a
oi?ia o?aoaieueieea e caiieiyaony nianueth aaeey e iaiia. Aeeeia aieiu
aaia?e?oaiiai eaca?ii eceo/aiey 632,8 ii. Iau/ii /anoioa aaia?aoeee
eciaiyaony a caaeneiinoe io aeeeiu eaca?iiai ?aciiaoi?a. E a aeaiiii
neo/aa /anoiou aeaoo aaia?e?oaiuo naaoiauo aiei, ?ani?ino?aiythueony a
i?ioeaiiieiaeiuo iai?aaeaieyo ii o?aoaieueiiio iioe/aneiio iooe (?en. 3,
a), iaiaeeiaeiau ec-ca ?aciinoe iioe/aneie aeeeiu (L [ni. oi?ioeo (4)(.
Iiyoiio iiaeii eniieueciaaoue aeey ecia?aiee /anoioo aeaiee iaaeo
aaia?e?oaiuo naaoiauo aiei, a eiaiii
(6)
Caeanue L — iauay aeeeia iioe/aneiai iooe a eieueoeaaii ?aciiaoi?a; ( —
aeeeia aieiu aaia?aoeee a ninoiyiee iieiy.
Eia/a aiai?y, ecia?ea (f, iiaeii ii?aaeaeeoue oaeiaoth nei?inoue
ioiineoaeueii eia?oeeaeueiiai i?ino?ainoaa. Iineieueeo /anoioa naaoa
ninoaaeyao ianeieueei nioai oa?aaa?oe, aeaaea aa iacia/eoaeueiua
eciaiaiey iicaieytho ecia?eoue ?aciinoue /anoio. Anee auoiaeiui
neaiaeii neoaeeo /anoioa, i?iii?oeeiiaeueiay oaeiaie nei?inoe, oi
iiaen/aoii auoiaeiuo aiei iiaeii ii?aaeaeeoue i?e?auaiea oaea iiai?ioa a
oeeo?iaie oi?ia, /oi iaania/eaaao aunieoth oi/iinoue eioi?iaoeee,
iiaeaaaaiie a iaaeaaoeeiiiia au/eneeoaeueiia ono?ienoai. Ecia?aiea
/anoiou aiciiaeii a oe?ieii aeeiaie/aneii aeeaiaciia, a neaaeiaaoaeueii,
e aeeiaie/aneee aeeaiacii eieueoeaaiai eaca?iiai ae?ineiia aiieia iiaeii
?anoe?eoue e naeaeaoue aeinoaoi/iui aeey eia?oeeaeueiie iaaeaaoeeiiiie
nenoaiu. A yoii aieueoia i?aeiouanoai aeaiiuo ae?ineiiia.
Enneaaeiaaiea eieueoeaauo eaca?iuo ae?ineiiia ia/aeinue a 60-o aiaeao. E
ianoiyuaio a?aiaie aeinoeaiooa ?ac?aoathuay niiniaiinoue e
noaaeeueiinoue ioeaaie oi/ee i?eia?ii 0,001(//. A iineaaeiaa a?aiy
eieueoeaaua eaca?iua ae?ineiiu i?eiaiythony a eia?oeeaeueiie nenoaia
ion/aoa ia oieueei a naiieaoao «Aieia» 757/767, ii e a ay?iaonao A310. A
ssiiiee iioaeeeiaaiu niiauaiey ia ecia?aiee eie oaeiaie nei?inoe
0,01(//.
Oaeei ia?acii, eieueoeaaie eaca?iue ae?ineii aeinoea oaea noaaeee
i?aeoe/aneiai i?eiaiaiey, ii, oai ia iaiaa, inoaaony ?yae ia?aoaiiuo
i?iaeai:
1. Iaeeiaeiinoue auoiaeiiai neaiaea i?e iaeie oaeiaie nei?inoe (aeeyiea
neio?iiecia).
2. Ae?aeo auoiaeiiai neaiaea ec-ca aaciauo iioieia a eaca?a.
3. Eciaiaiea aeeeiu iioe/aneiai iooe iiae aicaeaenoaeai oaieiaiai
?anoe?aiey, aeaaeaiey e iaoaie/aneeo aeaoi?iaoeee.
Ec yoeo i?iaeai naiie aaaeiie yaeyaony ia?aay. I?e iaeuo oaeiauo
nei?inoyo oiaiueoaaony ?aciinoue /anoio aaia?e?oaiuo naaoiauo aiei, a
yoi i?eaiaeeo e neio?iiecio ((f=0) e iaaiciiaeiinoe iaia?oaeaiey
a?auaiey. (Oeie/iue ii?ia iaia?oaeaiey i?e yoii 10(//.) Ciia
ia/oanoaeoaeueiinoe, iaoneiaeaiiay neio?iieciii, iieacaia ia ?en. 3, a
oo?eoiauie eeieyie. Oeacaiiay auoa ?ac?aoathuay niiniaiinoue
iaia?oaeaiey 0,001(// iaania/eaaaony i?e iiaeaaeaiee yaeaiey neio?iiecia
iooai i?eaaaeaiey anae nenoaiu e iee?ieieaaaieyi (iaoiae Aeaeca). Ii
iaeeiaeiinoue i?e iacia/eoaeueiii iiai?ioa ana aea inoaaony, e?iia oiai,
yoi icia/aao, /oi ia eniieuecoaony oaeia i?aeiouanoai iioe/aneiai
ae?ineiia, eae aai iaiiaeaeaeiinoue.
A eieueoeaaii eaca?iii ae?ineiia aicieeaao yaeaiea neio?iiecia, oae eae
yoi aeoeaiay eiino?oeoeey e naia iioe/aneay eaoooea aeey iaia?oaeaiey
a?auaiey aoiaeeo a ninoaa eaca?iiai aaia?aoi?a. Iai?ioea, a
eioa?oa?iiao?a Naiueyea, i?aaenoaaeaiiii ia ?en. 1, auoaoiiiyiooia
yaeaiea ia aicieeaao, iineieueeo yoi ianneaiay eiino?oeoeey, i?e eioi?ie
naaoiaie enoi/iee iaoiaeeony aia /oanoaeoaeueiie iaoee. Iniiaiia
aieiaiea caeanue oaeaeyaony iioe/aneiio aieieio, nieaeaieth iioa?ue a
iai.
?en.4. I?eioeeieaeueiay iioe/aneay noaia aieieiiii-iioe/aneiai ae?ineiia
Aieieiiii-iioe/aneea ae?ineiiu.
Ia ?en. 4 i?eaaaeaia iioe/aneay noaia aieieiiii-iioe/aneiai ae?ineiia.
Ii nooe yoi eioa?oa?iiao? Naiueyea (ni. ?en. 1), a eioi?ii e?oaiaie
iioe/aneee eiioo? caiaiai ia eaoooeo ec aeeeiiiai iaeiiiiaeiaiai
iioe/aneiai aieieia. *anoue noaiu, iaaaaeaiiay oo?eoiaie eeieae,
iaiaoiaeeia aeey iiauoaiey noaaeeueiinoe ioeaaie oi/ee. Oaeei ia?acii,
?aciinoue oac iaaeaeo aeaoiy naaoiauie aieiaie, iaoneiaeaiiay yooaeoii
Naiueyea, n o/aoii oi?ioeu (5) au?aaeaaony eae
(7)
aaea N — /enei aeoeia a eaoooea ec aieieia; L — aeeeia aieieia; a —
?aaeeon eaoooee.
Neaaeoao ia?aoeoue aieiaiea ia oi, /oi a iniiaiua oi?ioeu ia aoiaeeo
eiyooeoeeaio i?aeiieaiey naaoa a aieieia.
Aeaaiaea?y niaa?oainoaiaaieth oaoiieiaee i?iecaiaenoaa auioneaaony
aieieii n i/aiue ieceeie iioa?yie. *oiau ia iia?aaeeoue aieieii, iaiioea
i?iecaiaeeony ia eaoooeo ?aaeeonii ianeieueei naioeiao?ia. I?e yoii ia
iaaethaeaaony neieueei-ieaoaeue caiaoiiai oaaee/aiey iioa?ue. Iiaeii
nicaeaoue n?aaieoaeueii iaeiaaaa?eoiue e auniei/oanoaeoaeueiue
eioa?oa?iiao? Naiueyea n eaoooeie iaaieueoiai ?aaeeona (2…5 ni),
iaiioaa ia iaa aieieii aieueoie aeeeiu. Noi?ie?iaaa iioeiaeueioth
iioe/aneoth nenoaio, iiaeii ecia?youe n aunieie oi/iinoueth eciaiaiey
oacu (a eia?oeeaeueiie iaaeaaoeee — ii?yaeea 10-6(?aae), a caoai ec
oi?ioeu (7) ii?aaeaeyoue e?oaiaoth nei?inoue. Ana yoi e ninoaaeyao
i?eioeei ?aaiou aieieiiii-iioe/aneiai ae?ineiia.
Iineieueeo aeaiiue aieieiiii-iioe/aneee ae?ineii — ianneaiiai oeia, a
iai ionoonoaotho oaeea i?iaeaiu, eae yaeaiea neio?iiecia.
, oi ae?ineii ia/oanoaeoaeai e i/aiue iaeui iiai?ioai. N/eoaaony, /oi
a nenoaia n iioeiaeueiie /oanoaeoaeueiinoueth oai?aoe/aneea i?aaeaeu
iaia?oaeaiey oaeiaie nei?inoe naycaiu n ae?iaiaui ooiii naaoii?eaiieea.
Aiaeec iieacuaaao, /oi aeey iioe/aneiai aieieia n iioa?yie ( nouanoaoao
ii?aaeaeaiiay aeeeia, iicaieythuay iioeiece?iaaoue i?aaeaeu iaia?oaeaiey
i?e ae?iaiaii ooia:
(8)
?en.5, a. *oanoaeoaeueiinoue aieieiiii-iioe/aneiai ae?ineiia i?e
ae?iaiaii ooia naaoii?eaiieea i?e iioeiaeueiie aeeeia aieieia
?en.5, a. *oanoaeoaeueiinoue aieieiiii-iioe/aneiai ae?ineiia i?e
ae?iaiaii ooia naaoii?eaiieea i?e ?aciie aeeeia naaoiaie aieiu
?acoeueoaou ?an/aoa i?e oeie/iuo cia/aieyo ia?aiao?ia i?eaaaeaiu ia ?en.
5, a. Aeey iioe/aneiai aieieia n iioa?yie 2 aeA/ei i?aaeaeu
iaia?oaeaiey i?eia?ii 10-8 ?aae/n (0,001(//). Yoi eae ?ac cia/aiey,
i?eiaiyaiua a eia?oeeaeueiie iaaeaaoeee. Ia ?en. 5, a iieacaii, /oi
aeaaiaea?y oaaee/aieth ?aaeeona eaoooee n iioe/aneei aieieiii, a oaeaea
eniieueciaaieth naaoa n aeeeiie aieiu 1,55 iei, ia eioi?ie iioa?e a
iioe/aneii aieieia i/aiue iecee, aiciiaeii nicaeaiea ecia?eoaey iai?ioia
a eia?oeeaeueiii i?ino?ainoaa n /?acau/aeii iaeui ae?aeoii. Yoi
iicaieyao i?eiaiyoue ecia?eoaeue ia oieueei a iaaeaaoeee, ii e a
aaioeceea.
A ?aaeueiuo aieieiiii-iioe/aneeo ae?ineiiao aiciiaeiinoe ia?aie/aiu
ooiiauie oaeoi?aie.
Iioe/aneee ae?ineii n eieueoeaaui ?aciiaoi?ii ianneaiiai oeia
Iiauneoue /oanoaeoaeueiinoue ae?ineiia ia yooaeoa Naiueyea iiaeii n
iiiiuueth eieueoeaaiai iioe/aneiai ?aciiaoi?a, eniieuecoy aeey yoiai
iieoi?ic?a/iia ca?eaei n aunieei eiyooeoeeaioii io?aaeaiey (ni. ?en. 3,
a). ?aciiaoi? i?aaenoaaeyao niaie eioa?oa?iiao? Oaa?e — Ia?i a oi?ia
eieueoea. I?e yoii auoiaeiie neaiae naaoii?eaiieea ?acei ?aaae?oao ia
eciaiaiea oacu (( i?e iaeiie?aoiii i?ioiaeaeaiee naaoiaie aieiie
eieueoeaaiai iioe/aneiai iooe. Neaaeiaaoaeueii, iiaeii nicaeaoue
auniei/oanoaeoaeueiue aeao/ee, iai?eia?, ecia?ythuee niauaiea
?aciiainiiai ieea, iaoneiaeaiiia iiai?ioii. Ae?oaeie neiaaie, iiaeii
oiaiueoeoue aeeeio aieieia /oanoaeoaeueiiai eieueoea, a anee ae?ineii
n?aaeiaai eeanna, oi aiieia iiaeii eniieueciaaoue aeaaea iaeiiaeoeiaia
aieieiiiia eieueoei, niaaeeiaiiia n iioe/aneie eioaa?aeueiie noaiie.
A iiaeiaiie no?oeoo?a ae?ineiia aeey iieo/aiey ino?ie ?aciiainiie
oa?aeoa?enoeee o?aaoaony naaoiaie enoi/iee n aunieie eiaa?aioiinoueth
eceo/aiey, a oi a?aiy eae a aieieiiii-iioe/aneii ae?ineiia aeey
oeo/oaiey oa?aeoa?enoee o?aaoaony naaoiaie enoi/iee n ieceie
eiaa?aioiinoueth.
?en.6. Iioe/aneay noaia aieieiiiiai ae?ineiia ni naaoiaui
aaoa?iaeeie?iaaieai
Iaoiaeu iiauoaiey /oanoaeoaeueiinoe
I?eioeeieaeueiay iioe/aneay noaia aieieiiii-iioe/aneiai ae?ineiia
i?eaaaeaia ia ?en. 4, ii yoa noaia ia iaia?oaeeaaao iaeuo iiai?ioia
ae?ineiia. Aeey ?aoaiey yoie i?iaeaiu i?aaeeaaathony ?acee/iua iaoiaeu:
niauaiey ?aciinoe oac, oaciaie iiaeoeyoeee, eciaiaiey /anoiou e
naaoiaiai aaoa?iaeeie?iaaiey.
?anniio?ei oieueei iineaaeiee iaoiae. No?oeoo?a iioe/aneie nenoaiu
ae?ineiia ni naaoiaui aaoa?iaeeie?iaaieai i?aaenoaaeaia ia ?en. 6.
Naaoiaie eo/ ?acaeaeyaony n iiiiuueth aeeo?aeoeeiiiie ?aoaoee ia aeaa
eo/a n i/aiue iaeaiueeei oaeii ?anoiaeaeaiey (ieiei 10 i?aae). Yoe eo/e,
i?ieaey iioe/aneia aieieii a i?ioeaiiieiaeiuo iai?aaeaieyo, iiaeathony
ia AII. Oaie aeeo?aeoeee AII oaeie aea, eae e o aeeo?aeoeeiiiie ?aoaoee,
aneaaenoaea /aai AII caeanue eniieuecoaony ia oieueei eae /anoioiue
naeaeaaoaeue, ii e eae iai?aaeaiiue ioaaoaeoaeue, a naaoii?eaiiia
ono?ienoai auaeaao neaiae ?aciinoiie /anoiou. A aeaiiie iioe/aneie
nenoaia aiciiaeii ?acaeaeaiea naaoiauo eo/ae, aeaeaathueony a
i?ioeaiiieiaeiuo iai?aaeaieyo, ii aneaaenoaea /?acau/aeii iaeiai oaea
aeeo?aeoeee yoe eo/e acaeiiaeaenoaotho e ae?aeo, iaoneiaeaiiue
eieaaaieyie n?aaeu, ineaaeyaony. E?iia oiai, iau/ii i?e ?aciinoe aeeeiu
iioe/aneeo iooae aicieeaao ae?aeo auoiaeiiai neaiaea aneaaenoaea
/anoioiiai ioeeiiaiey eceo/aiey enoi/ieea, ii a aeaiiie no?oeoo?a yoa
?aciinoue i/aiue iaea. Ia ?en. 7 i?eaaaeaia yeaeo?iiiay noaia ecia?eoaey
oacu auoiaeiiai neaiaea a no?oeoo?a ia ?en.6 ii ioeaaiio iaoiaeo. Oi/iay
a?aiaiiay caaea?aeea Td iaania/eaaaony i?eai?ii ia ca?yaeiauo
naycyo (ICN). Aeey yoie noaiu ni?aaaaeeeai
(9)
?en. 7. Noaia ecia?eoaey oacu auoiaeiiai neaiaea aeey
aieieiiii-iioe/aneiai ae?ineiia ni naaoiaui aaoa?iaeeie?iaaieai
(N — oeaeia /enei), o. a. caeanue iieo/aaony /anoioiia eciaiaiea (f2
yeaeo?e/aneiai neaiaea, i?iii?oeeiiaeueiia oaeiaie nei?inoe (, /oi
i/aiue oaeiaii aeey i?aeoe/aneie ?aaeecaoeee ono?ienoaa.
Ooiiaua oaeoi?u, iaoiaeu eo ono?aiaiey
Iaoiaeu iiauoaiey /oanoaeoaeueiinoe aua ia iaania/eaatho aunieie
noaaeeueiinoe, iaiaoiaeeii o/eouaaoue ooiiaua oaeoi?u e i?eieiaoue ia?u
ii eo ono?aiaieth.
Iniiaiua iioe/aneea nenoaiu n iiauoaiiie noaaeeueiinoueth
Aeey aeinoeaeaiey aunieie noaaeeueiinoe iaiaoiaeeii, /oiau aiaoiea
aiciouaiey, aini?eieiaaiua naaoiauie eo/aie, aeaeaeoueieny a
i?ioeaiiieiaeiuo iai?aaeaieyo, auee niaa?oaiii iaeeiaeiauie.
A iniiaiie iioe/aneie nenoaia, iieacaiiie ia ?en. 4, i?e eniieueciaaiee
naaoii?eaiieea 1 naao aeaaaeaeu io?aaeaaony ?anuaieoaeai eo/a e, e?iia
oiai, aeaaaeaeu i?ioiaeeo neaicue iaai. I?e yoii oneiaea iaeeiaeiaie
aeeeiu iioe/aneiai iooe auiieiyaony ia nianai oi/ii e aneaaenoaea
oaiia?aoo?iuo eieaaaiee oa?aeoa?enoee ?anuaieoaey eo/a ia auoiaea
aicieeaao ae?aeo. I?e eniieueciaaiee naaoii?eaiieea 2 i?ienoiaeeo oi aea
naiia. *oiau naaoiaua eo/e, aaaaeaiiua a iioe/aneia aieieii e
eceo/aaiua aieieiii, i?ioiaeeee iaeeiaeiaue iioe/aneee iooue,
iauaaeeiyeenue e ?acuaaeeiyeenue a iaeiie e oie aea oi/ea ?anuaieoaey
eo/a, a oaeaea eiaee au iaeeiaeiaoth iiaeo, iaiaoiaeeii iaaeaeo
?anuaieoaeyie eo/a onoaiiaeoue i?ino?ainoaaiiue oeeueo?. A yoii oeeueo?a
aeaeaoaeueii eniieueciaaoue iaeiiiiaeiaia iioe/aneia aieieii — oi aea,
/oi e aeey /oanoaeoaeueiie eaoooee.
Iau/ii a iaeiiiiaeiaii iioe/aneii aieieia aiciiaeii ?ani?ino?aiaiea
aeaoo iacaaeneiuo iiae n i?oiaiiaeueiie iiey?ecaoeeae. Ii iineieueeo
iioe/aneea aieieia iaeaaeatho ia nianai no?iaie inaaie neiiao?eae,
oaciaua iinoiyiiua yoeo aeaoo iiae ?acee/iu. Iaeiaei iaaeaeo iiaeaie
aeaoo iiey?ecaoeee i?ienoiaeeo iaiai yia?aeae, oa?aeoa?enoeee eioi?iai
eciaiythony iiae aiaoiei aicaeaenoaeai, iiyoiio eceo/aiiue aieieiii naao
iau/ii i?eia?aoaao e?oaiaoth iiey?ecaoeeth n iaonoie/eauie ia?aiao?aie.
Ana yoi i?eaiaeeo e ae?aeoo auoiaeiiai neaiaea.
Anee aea ia iioe/aneii iooe iiianoeoue, eae yoi iieacaii a iaaaaeaiiie
oo?eoiaie eeieae /anoe ia ?en. 4, iiey?ecaoeeiiioth ieanoeio, o. a.
ionoeoue ia iioe/aneee iooue eioa?oa?iiao?a naaoiaoth aieio n
aaeeinoaaiiie iiey?ecaoeeae e a eceo/aaiii naaoa auaeaeeoue oieueei
ninoaaeythuoth n oaeie aea iiey?ecaoeeae, oi ia?aaeaoi/iay ooieoeey
eieueoeaaiai iioe/aneiai iooe (iioe/aneiai aieieia) aeey eo/ae n
i?ioeaiiieiaeiui iai?aaeaieai aeaeaeaiey aoaeao iaeeiaeiaa e, oai naiui,
i?iaeaia ?aoaia. Ii e a yoii neo/aa inoathony eieaaaiey iiuiinoe naaoa,
aeinoeaoaai naaoii?eaiieea, iiyoiio iaiaoiaeeii i?eiyoue aua ia?u ii
noaaeeecaoeee ianooaaiiai eiyooeoeeaioa. Iaeia ec oaeeo ia? — aaaaeaiea
aeaiiey?ecaoi?a, eioi?ue eiiiaine?oao eieaaaiey iiey?ecaoeee a
iioe/aneii aieieia e aeaeaao ninoiyiea iiey?ecaoeee i?iecaieueiui, eee
aaaaeaiea iioe/aneiai aieieia, nio?aiythuaai iiey?ecaoeeth. A ae?ineiiao
ni naaoiaui aaoa?iaeeie?iaaieai yooaeoeaiia ?aoaiea i?iaeaiu — ioeaaie
iaoiae.
Aeey ono?aiaiey ae?aeoa, iaoneiaeaiiiai eieaaaieyie iiey?ecaoeee a
iioe/aneii aieieia, o?aaoaony iiey?ecaoi? n i/aiue aieueoei caoooaieai
(ieiei 90 aeA), ii yoi o?aaiaaiea niya/aaony i?e eniieueciaaiee
iioe/aneiai aieieia n nio?aiaieai iiey?ecaoeee e enoi/ieea naaoa n
ieceie eiaa?aioiinoueth. A iioe/aneii aieieia n nio?aiaieai iiey?ecaoeee
ec-ca ?aciinoe oaciauo iinoiyiiuo aeey iiae n i?oiaiiaeueiie
iiey?ecaoeeae aicieeaao ?aciinoue aeeeiu iioe/aneiai iooe aeey yoeo
iiae, iiyoiio eniieueciaaiea enoi/ieea n ieceie eiaa?aioiinoueth
eceo/aiey aeaeaao iaaiciiaeiui eioa?oa?aioeeth iaaeaeo iiaeaie.
Aiaeiae/iiai yooaeoa iiaeii aeiaeoueny e i?e eniieueciaaiee
aeaiiey?ecaoi?a.
Oaaeeoea 1. Ooiiaua oaeoi?u a aieieiiii-iioe/aneeo ae?ineiiao
Ooiiaie oaeoi? ?aeiiaiaeoaiua ia?u ii nieaeaieth ooia
Eieaaaiey iiey?ecaoeee a iioe/aneii aieieia, iai?eia?, i?aia?aciaaiea
eeiaeiie iiey?ecaoeee a e?oaiaoth a iaeiiiiaeiaii aieieia Aeeth/aiea ia
auoiaea aieieia aiaeecaoi?a, aeey oiai /oiau auaeaeeoue ninoaaeythuoth
iiey?ecaoeee iaeiiai iai?aaeaiey
?aciinoue aeeeiu iioe/aneeo iooae aeey naaoiauo aiei, eaeoueo a
i?ioeaiiieiaeiuo iai?aaeaieyo, i?e aeeiaie/aneie ianoaaeeueiinoe niaeo?a
enoi/ieea naaoa Noaaeeecaoeey niaeo?a enoi/ieea naaoa
?aciinoue /anoio aiei, eaeoueo ii aieieio a i?ioeaiiieiaeiuo
iai?aaeaieyo, i?e eieaaaieyo oaiia?aoo?u Eniieueciaaiea aeaoo
aeonoiiioe/aneeo iiaeoeyoi?ia eee iiaeoeyoeey i?yiioaieueiuie
eiioeuenaie
Ia?aaiiia?iinoue ?ani?aaeaeaiey oaiia?aoo?u aaeieue aieieia Iaiioea
iioe/aneiai aieieia, i?e eioi?ie ?ani?aaeaeaiea oaiia?aoo?u neiiao?e/ii
ioiineoaeueii na?aaeeiu eaoooee
Eciaiaiea oacu auoiaeiiai neaiaea ec-ca yooaeoa Oa?aaeay a aieieia iiae
aicaeaenoaeai eieaaaiee iaaieoiiai iiey Caiee Iaaieoiia ye?aie?iaaiea e
eniieueciaaiea aieieia n nio?aiaieai iiey?ecaoeee
Eieaaaiey (a ?anuaieoaea eo/a) ioiioaiey eioaineaiinoe i?yiiai e
ia?aoiiai eo/a aneaaenoaea iioe/aneiai yooaeoa Ea??a Iiaeoeyoeey
eceo/aaiiai naaoa i?yiioaieueiuie eiioeuenaie ni neaaaeiinoueth 50%;
eniieueciaaiea oe?ieiiieiniiai enoi/ieea naaoa
Eioa?oa?aioeey i?yiiai eo/a e eo/a ia?aoiiai ?annayiey ?yeay Oaciaay
iiaeoeyoeey naaoiaie aieiu; eiioeueniay /anoioiay iiaeoeyoeey eaca?iiai
eceo/aiey; eniieueciaaiea neaaieioaoa?e?othuaai enoi/ieea naaoa
Oaeoi?u, ia?aie/eaathuea ?ac?aoathuoth niiniaiinoue
?en. 8. Iniiaiua ooiiaua oaeoi?u a /oanoaeoaeueiii eieueoea ec
iioe/aneiai aieieia
N?aaee oaeoi?ia, ia?aie/eaathueo e?aoeia?aiaiioth ?ac?aoathuoth
niiniaiinoue, iaeaieaa neeueiia aeeyiea ieacuaaao ia?aoiia ?annayiea ii
iioe/aneiio iooe. Naao io?aaeaiey O?aiaey io iiaa?oiinoae yeaiaioia
iioe/aneie nenoaiu eee naao ia?aoiiai ?annayiey ?yeay, iai?eia?, a naiii
iioe/aneii aieieia eioa?oa?e?oao ni naaoii neaiaea, /oi i?eaiaeeo e
aicieeiiaaieth iiiaeanoaa ooiia. Aeey ai?ueau n ieie i?aaeeaaathony
iiaeoeyoeey oacu naaoiaie aieiu, eiioeueniua iaoiaeu, a oaeaea iaoiae,
i?e eioi?ii eniieuecoaony enoi/iee naaoa n oe?ieei niaeo?ii e ieceie
eiaa?aioiinoueth, oooaeoathuee eioa?oa?aioeeth ec-ca aieueoie ?aciinoe
aeeeiu iioe/aneiai iooe aeey naaoa ia?aoiiai ?annayiey ?yeay e naaoa
neaiaea. (Oaeei enoi/ieeii iiaeao neoaeeoue iiiaiiiaeiaue
iieoi?iaiaeieeiaue eaca? eee noia?ethieianoeaioiue aeeiae.)
Ooiu auoiaeiiai neaiaea ae?ineiia iiaeii au?aceoue neaaeothuae oi?ioeie:
?en. 9. Oiaiueoaiea ooiia ?yeaaaneiai ?annayiey iin?aaenoaii ?anoe?aiey
niaeo?a naaoiaiai enoi/ieea
(10)
aaea (0 — iioa?e ?annayiey ?yeay a iioe/aneii aieieia; (R — aeiey
naaoiaiai ?annayiey ?yeay, ?ani?ino?aiythuayny a ia?aoiii iai?aaeaiee;
(fs — oe?eia niaeo?a enoi/ieea naaoa.
Ia ?en. 9 i?aaenoaaeaiu ?acoeueoaou yenia?eiaioa, iieacuaathuea, eae ii
ia?a ?anoe?aiey niaeo?a eceo/aiey iiauoaaony ?ac?aoathuay niiniaiinoue
aieieiiii-iioe/aneiai ae?ineiia. Oaeei ia?acii, a aieieiiii-iioe/aneeo
ae?ineiiao oiaiueoaiea eiaa?aioiinoe enoi/ieea naaoa yooaeoeaii aeey
nieaeaiey ia oieueei ooiia ?annoiyiey ?yeay, ii e ooiia yooaeoa Ea??a.
Oa?aeoa?enoeee e iaoiaeu eo oeo/oaiey
A ianoiyuaa a?aiy ?ac?aaioaiu yenia?eiaioaeueiua nenoaiu, a eioi?uo
i?eiyou ia?u ii iiauoaieth /oanoaeoaeueiinoe e ii nieaeaieth ooiia. A
yoeo nenoaiao, ?aaioathueo ii iaoiaeo oaciaie iiaeoeyoeee, eciaiaiey
/anoiou e naaoiaiai aaoa?iaeeie?iaaiey, aeinoeaiooa ?ac?aoathuay
niiniaiinoue, iicaieythuay ecia?youe nei?inoe, ?aaiua eee iaiueoea
nei?inoe nianoaaiiiai a?auaiey Caiee (15(//=7,3(10-5 ?aae/n). Iniaaiii
aaeeee aeinoeaeaiey a nenoaiao n oaciaie iiaeoeyoeeae, o eioi?uo
?ac?aoathuay niiniaiinoue e ae?aeo i?eia?ii 0,02(//, /oi i?eaieaii aeey
eia?oeeaeueiie iaaeaaoeee.
Enneaaeoaony aiciiaeiinoue ?aaeecaoeee ae?ineiiia n eniieueciaaieai
oaoiieiaee iee?iiioeee, ooieoeeiiaeueiuo aieieiiiuo e aieiiaiaeiuo
yeaiaioia. Oaea auioneathony aieieiiii-iioe/aneea ae?ineiiu n
?ac?aoathuae niiniaiinoueth 1(//. E?iia oiai, oaeoaeyaony eco/aiea
nenoai, i?eaiaeiuo aeey eia?oeeaeueiie iaaeaaoeee.
Nenoaia n oaciaie iiaeoeyoeeae
?en. 10. Aieieiiii-iioe/aneee ae?ineii n oaciaie iiaeoeyoeeae,
auiieiaiiue ia aieieiiiuo ooieoeeiiaeueiuo yeaiaioao
Ia ?en. 10 i?aaenoaaeaia iioe/aneay nenoaia ae?ineiia, ?ac?aaioaiiay a
Noaooi?aeneii oieaa?neoaoa, ia iaeiiiiaeiaii iioe/aneii aieieia,
iiaeaa?aiooii a iaeioi?uo ianoao niaoeeaeueiie ia?aaioea, a eiaiii:
?aaoeyoi? iiey?ecaoeeiiiiai oeia, iai?aaeaiiue ioaaoaeoaeue,
iiey?ecaoi?, oaciaue iiaeoeyoi? e ae?oaea — ooieoeeiiaeueiua yeaiaiou ia
iioe/aneii aieieia, iieo/aiiua iooai aai ia?aaioee. Paaeeyc eieueoea ec
iioe/aneiai aieieia 7 ni, aeeeia aieieia 580 i. Oaeei ia?acii, a
ae?ineiia ono?aiaii io?aaeaiea io iiaa?oiinoae ?acee/iuo yeaiaioia
iioe/aneie nenoaiu. E oiio aea eniieueciaaiea iiiaiiiaeiaiai
iieoi?iaiaeieeiaiai eaca?a a ea/anoaa enoi/ieea naaoa nieaeaao
eiaa?aioiinoue nenoaiu e oai naiui oiaiueoaao ooiu, iaoneiaeaiiua
?annayieai ?yeay. Oiaiueoaieth yoeo ooiia niinianoaoao e oi, /oi nenoaia
auiieiaia ii i?eioeeio oaciaie iiaeoeyoeee. A ae?ineiia, iieacaiiii ia
?en. 10, aeinoeaaaony ?ac?aoathuay niiniaiinoue 0,022(// (?en. 11, a).
I?e yoii a?aiy eioaa?e?iaaiey ninoaaeyao 1 n. Iooai niaoeeaeueiie
iaiioee iioe/aneiai aieieia ineaaeyaony aeeyiea oaiia?aoo?iuo eieaaaiee,
a n i?eiaiaieai iaaieoiiai ye?aia e iiiaiiiaeiaiai iieoi?iaiaeieeiaiai
eaca?a nieaeaaony ae?aeo, iaoneiaeaiiue yooaeoii Ea??a, e oiaiueoathony
eieaaaiey ioeaaie oi/ee (?en. 11, a, 0,02(//, i?e a?aiaie eioaa?e?iaaiey
30 n).
?en. 11. ?ac?aoathuay niiniaiinoue (a) e oa?aeoa?enoeea noaaeeecaoeee
ioeaaie oi/ee (a) aieieiiii-iioe/aneiai ae?ineiia (?en.10)
Aeey oiaiueoaiey eieaaaiee iiey?ecaoeee i?aaeeiaeaia oaciaay iiaeoeyoeey
auoiaeiiai neaiaea n eniieueciaaieai iniiaiie aieiu e aoi?ie aa?iiieee,
a oaeaea iaoiae, i?e eioi?ii ecia?ythony aa?iiieee auoiaeiiai neaiaea
naaoii?eaiieea e ninoaaeythuay iinoiyiiiai oiea, caoai auaeaeyaony
?an/aoiui iooai oetheooaoeeiiiay ninoaaeythuay ianooaaiiai
eiyooeoeeaioa. I?iaotho oaeaea aaiaeeoue a nenoaio iioe/aneia aieieii n
nio?aiaieai iiey?ecaoeee, auiieiyoue oaciaue iiaeoeyoi? n iai?aaeaiiuie
ioaaoaeoaeyie, a inoaeueiua yeaiaiou — a aeaea aieiiaiaeiuo ono?ienoa.
Yenia?eiaiou n oaeeie ae?ineiiaie aeatho ?ac?aoathuoth niiniaiinoue io
0,02 aei ianeieueeeo a?aaeonia a /an (a?aiy eioaa?e?iaaiey 1 n). Aeey
iiauoaiey ?ac?aoathuae niiniaiinoe e oiaiueoaiey ae?aeoa ioey yooaeoeaii
oaeaea eniieueciaaiea noia?ethieianoeaioiiai aeeiaea, iaeaaeathuaai
ieceie eiaa?aioiinoueth (oe?eia aieiiaiai niaeo?a eiaa?aioiinoe 20 iei).
?en.12. Ae?ineii ni naaoiaui eaaceaaoa?iaeeie?iaaieai
Ia ?en. 12, a i?aaenoaaeaia nenoaia, a eioi?ie: neaiae aicaoaeaeaiey
oaciaiai iiaeoeyoi?a oi?ie?oaony iooai eioaa?e?iaaiey ieeiia?aciiai
iai?yaeaiey e ia auoiaea iiaeo/aaony neaiae eaaceaaoa?iaeeie?iaaiey. Ia
?en. 12, a iieacaii eciaiaiea oacu yeaeo?e/aneiai neaiaea ia?aiaiiiai
oiea i?e a?auaiee ae?ineiia. Eiathony e ae?oaea iiiuoee ?aaeecaoeee
eaaceaaoa?iaeeiiiai naaoiaiai iaoiaea ia iniiaa oaciaie iiaeoeyoeee.
Iai?eia?, nenoaia eiiaeie?oaony ni noaiie ia?aaioee oacu (ni. ?en. 7),
/oi iicaieyao ?anoe?eoue aeeiaie/aneee aeeaiacii e noaaeeece?iaaoue
ianooaaiue eiyooeoeeaio, o. a. eiiiaine?iaaoue iaaeinoaoee iaoiaea
oaciaie iiaeoeyoeee. A yoie nenoaia o?aaoaony oi/iay onoaiiaea
ia?aiao?ia oi?iu iiaeoee?othuaai neaiaea e o?oaeii aeiaeoueny
oaoie/aneeo oa?aeoa?enoee, oaeiaeaoai?ythueo eia?oeeaeueioth
iaaeaaoeeth. Iooai iaieioeyoeee n oi?iie iiaeoee?othuaai neaiaea
i?aeoe/anee ?aaeecoaony ioeaaie iaoiae, ii i?e yoii aicieeaao i?iaeaia
ni noaaeeecaoeeae ioeaaie oi/ee.
A ethaii neo/aa nenoaia n oaciaie iiaeoeyoeeae i?aainoiaeeo ae?oaea
nenoaiu ii ?ac?aoathuae niiniaiinoe e noaaeeueiinoe ioeaaie oi/ee e e
oiio aea ioiineoaeueii i?inoa. Iiyoiio ?anoe?ythony ?aaiou ii
ieieaoth?ecaoeee yoie nenoaiu iooai nicaeaiey aieieiiiuo e aieiiaiaeiuo
ooieoeeiiaeueiuo iioe/aneeo yeaiaioia, i?eai?ia eioaa?aeueiie iioeee. A
/anoiinoe, caiaaeiiaa?iaineay oe?ia SEL oaea auioneaao ae?ineiiu n
?ac?aoathuae niiniaiinoueth ieiei 15(// e eeiaeiinoueth a i?aaeaeao 1(,
aaea aeey oaciaiai iiaeoeyoi?a eniieuecothony aieiiaiaeiua iioe/aneea
yeaiaiou. Aeeeia aieieia 100 i, ?aaeeon /oanoaeoaeueiinoe eaoooee ec
iioe/aneiai aieieia ieiei 3,5 ni, aaaa?eou 80(80(25 ii, ianna 200 a.
Nenoaiu n eciaiaieai /anoiou
?en.13, a. No?oeoo?iay noaia aieieiiii-iioe/aneiai ae?ineiia n
eciaiaieai /anoiou
?en.13, a.
Ia ?en. 13, a i?aaenoaaeaia no?oeoo?a aieieiiii-iioe/aneiai ae?ineiia n
eciaiaieai /anoiou, ?ac?aaioaiiiai caiaaeiiaa?iaineie oe?iie SEL, a iai
aeaa iii?iuo aaia?aoi?a n /anoioie fL e fI, n iiiiuueth eioi?uo
onoaiaaeeaaaony ?aciinoue oac (, eioi?ay eiiiooe?oaony n /anoioie fn.
Ana yoi iicaieyao oaaee/eoue /oanoaeoaeueiinoue. A /anoiinoe, a
noaoeeiia?iii ?aaeeia /anoioa f aicaoaeaeaiey AOM1 ?aaia (fL +fI)/2, o.
a. i?e eiiiooaoeee iaaeaeo fI e fL auoiaeiie neaiae eioa?oa?iiao?a ia
eciaiyaony. A ?aaeeia c. onoaiiaeaoaeny /anoioie f ninoaaeythuay fc ia
auoiaea eioa?oa?iiao?a ionoonoaoao, /oi iiaeao auoue iniiaie aeey
ia?aoiie nayce aeey aaia?aoi?a, oi?aaeyaiiai iai?yaeaieai. I?e a?auaiee
ae?ineiia /anoioa f ioeeiiyaony io cia/aiey (fL +fI)/2 e a niioaaonoaee
n onoaiiaeaoaeny ?aciinoueth iiaeii ii?aaeaeeoue ii oi?ioea nei?inoue
yoiai a?auaiey:
(11)
A aeaiiie nenoaia yooaeoeaii nieaeathony ooiu, iineieueeo /anoioa fn
ii?aaeaeyaony eae aaee/eia, ia?aoiay ia?eiaeo ?ani?ino?aiaiey naaoiaie
aieiu ii eaoooea n iioe/aneei aieieiii, a /anoioa naaoa neaiaea e naaoa
ia?aoiiai ?annayiey ?yeay iau/ii ?acee/aaony oieueei eae fI – fL.
Aeeiaie/aneee aeeaiacii, eae aeaeii ia ?en. 13, a, i?inoe?aaony ia
oanoue ii?yaeeia, /oi yaeyaony iniaaiiinoueth iaoiaea eciaiaiey /anoiou.
Anee ?annoiyiea io iiaeoeyoi?ia AII1 e AII2 aei ?anuaieoaey eo/a
iaiaeeiaeiai, aicieeaao ae?aeo ioey. Ec-ca yoiai noaaeeueiinoue ioeaaie
oi/ee oooaeoaaony aei noaaeeueiinoe a nenoaia n oaciaie iiaeoeyoeeae.
Oai ia iaiaa, yoe ecaeaeey oaea auioneathony (n ae?aeoii ieiei 3(//). A
ieo aeeeia iioe/aneiai aieieia 1 ei, ?aaeeon eaoooee 5 ni. Oaeiaia
niauaiea ia eaaeaeue ion/ao /anoiou auoiaeiiai neaiaea ninoaaeyao 2,95
n.
Iaoiae eciaiaiey /anoiou no?oeoo?ii aace?oaony ia iaoiaea oaciaie
iiaeoeyoeee. N/eoaaony, /oi ii iicaieyao iiauneoue ?ac?aoathuoth
niiniaiinoue e noaaeeueiinoue ioeaaie oi/ee. I?e yoii iniiaiua
neiaeiinoe naycaiu n /anoioiui naeaeaaoaeai. Anee a ea/anoaa aai
eniieuecoaony AII, oi aicieeatho aeaa i?iaeaiu — oaaee/aiea aaaa?eoia
iioe/aneie nenoaiu i?e ?inoa iiuiinoe aicaoaeaeaiey e io?aaeaiiiai
naaoa, a oaeaea iiauoaiea /anoiou aicaoaeaeaiey. Ia?yaeo n AII
enneaaeothony /anoioiua naeaeaaoaee a aeaea aieieiiii-iioe/aneeo
ooeoeeiiaeueiuo yeaiaioia e naaoiauo aieiiaiaeia. E?iia oiai,
eioaa?e?othony aeaa AOM e iauaeoea ia iiaeeiaeea ec LiNbI3.
I?iaeoe?othony oaeaea nenoaiu n /anoioiui naeaeaii, iieo/aiiui ia iniiaa
oaciaiai iaoiaea.
Ia ?en. 14 i?aaenoaaeaia iauay no?oeoo?a oaciaie nenoaiu, auiieiaiiie
ia aaca eioaa?aeueiie noaiu. Oaciaue iiaeoeyoi? aieiiaiaeiiai oeia eiaao
oi?ioea /anoioiua oa?aeoa?enoeee, iiyoiio aiciiaeii aicaoaeaeaiea
ieeiia?aciui iai?yaeaieai e ?aaeecaoeey oaciaie nenoaiu. I?e yoii, anee
aiieeooaea ieeiia?aciiai iai?yaeaiey aicaoaeaeaiey no?iai niioaaonoaoao
2(, oi aunoea aa?iiieee ia aicieeatho, e iieo/aaony eaeaaeueiue
/anoioiue naeaeaaoaeue. Aeey eia?oeeaeueiie iaaeaaoeeiiiie nenoaiu yoi
oneiaea aeieaeii auiieiyoueny i/aiue no?iai. O?aioeocneay oe?ia «Oiinii
OeNO» ?ac?aaioaea aaoiiaoe/aneoth ?aaoee?iaeo aiieeooaeu n iiiiuueth
oeeo?iaiaeiaiaiai i?aia?aciaaoaey, eioi?ue iaania/eaaao o?aaoaioth
ieeiia?acioth oi?io iai?yaeaiey n o?iioii ec iee?inooiaiae. *anoioa aai
ii?aaeaeyaony eae (f ec oi?ioeu (11), e i?e neio?iiiie n
oeeo?iaiaeiaiaui i?aia?aciaaoaeai ia?aoiie nayce caeanue iaania/eaaaony
ioeaaie iaoiae, a eciaiaiea oaeoiaie /anoiou eioi?ie?oao ia oaeiaie
nei?inoe ae?ineiia. A yoie nenoaia ia o?aaoaony aieueoiai naeaeaa
/anoiou e iiaeii iaieoenue eeoue iaeiei /anoioiui naeaeaaoaeai.
?ac?aaioai iiaeiaiue ae?ineii n ae?aeoii ioey 0,3(// e aeeiaie/aneei
aeeaiaciiii a 7 ii?yaeeia.
?en.14. Aieieiiii-iioe/aneee ae?ineii n eciaiaieai /anoiou e naeaeaaoaee
oaciaiai oeia ia eioaa?aeueiie noaia
Nenoaia ni naaoiaui aaoa?iaeeie?iaaieai
Nenoaia ia ?en. 6 aeeth/aao a naay eaoooeo ?aaeeonii 15 ni ec
iioe/aneiai iaeiiiiaeiaiai aieieia aeeeiie 2000 i, ioaeaeueiua
iioe/aneea i?eai?u e iaeiiiiaeiaue iieoi?iaiaeieeiaue eaca?. A iae
eniieuecoaony i?yiay /anoioiay iiaeoeyoeey eceo/aiey iieoi?iaiaeieeiaiai
eaca?a, /oi i?eaiaeeo e aeiiieieoaeueiui ooiai. Aeey nieaeaiey
eiaa?aioiinoe oaaee/eaaaony oe?eia niaeo?a eceo/aiey. Ia ?en. 15
i?eaaaeaiu oa?aeoa?enoeee ooiia. ?anoe?aiea niaeo?a iicaieyao iiauneoue
?ac?aoathuoth niiniaiinoue i?eia?ii a 20 ?ac. Iineieueeo ec-ca ia?aoiiai
naaoa niaeo? iieoi?iaiaeieeiaiai eaca?a ianoaaeeai, a nenoaio aaiaeeony
ecieyoi?.
?en.15, a. Iaia?oaeaiea a?auaiey aieieiiiui ae?ineiiii ni naaoiaui
aaoa?iaeeie?iaaieai (?en.6, 7)
?en.15, a. Iaia?oaeaiea a?auaiey aieieiiiui ae?ineiiii ni naaoiaui
aaoa?iaeeie?iaaieai — oa?aeoa?enoeea ia?aaea/e (?en.6, 7)
Ia ?en. 15, a iiyniyaony ?aaioa aeaiiie nenoaiu. Ii aa?oeeaeueiie ine
ioeeaaeuaaaony eciaiaiea /anoiou, eioi?ia i?iii?oeeiiaeueii oaeiaie
nei?inoe, i?e/ai iaeei ion/ao niioaaonoaoaa oaeiaiio naeaeao 4″ (i?e
10-e?aoiii oneeaiee 0,4” ia 1 ion/ao). Nei?inoue a?auaiey caiiiai oa?a
0,0042(/n, e?aoeia?aiaiiay ?ac?aoathuay niiniaiinoue 5(//. Ia ?en. 15, a
i?eaaaeaia oa?aeoa?enoeea ia?aaea/e (aoiae—auoiae). Nei?inoue 11(//
niioaaonoaoao oaciaie ?aciinoe 180(. Eeiaeiinoue oa?aeoa?enoeee oeo/oaia
aeaaiaea?y i?eiaiaieth ioeaaiai iaoiaea. Aa?oiyy a?aieoea iaia?oaeaiey
a?auaiey, ii?aaeaeyaiay yeaeo?iiiie noaiie, ninoaaeyao 100(/c,
aeeiaie/aneee aeeaiacii yenia?eiaioaeueiie nenoaiu 5 ii?yaeeia.
Ec-ca oaieiauo eieaaaiee nei?inoe caoea a AII nenoaiu aicieeaao caiaoiue
ae?aeo ioey, a nayce n /ai i?iaeieaeathony enneaaeiaaiey niiniaia
ioneaaeeaaiey caoeiaie nei?inoe a AII. Aeaiioth nenoaio, eniieuecoy
aeaooia?iua naaoiaua aieiiaiaeu e aeeo?aeoeeiiiua ?aoaoee, iiaeii
?aaeeciaaoue a aeaea eioaa?aeueiie noaiu.
Caeeth/aiea
?anniio?ai i?eioeei aeaenoaey iaeioi?uo iioe/aneeo ae?ineiiia, a oii
/enea aieieiiii-iioe/aneeo. Aeaaiaea?y iaoiaeo oaciaie iiaeoeyoeee
aeinoeaiooa ?ac?aoathuay niiniaiinoue e noaaeeueiinoue ioeaaie oi/ee a
niioaaonoaee n o?aaiaaieyie eia?oeeaeueiie iaaeaaoeee. N iiiiuueth
iaoiaea eciaiaiey /anoiou e naaoiaiai aaoa?iaeeie?iaaiey ?aaeeciaai
oe?ieee aeeiaie/aneee aeeaiacii (io iyoe aei aeaayoe ii?yaeeia) e
noaaeeueiue ianooaaiue eiyooeoeeaio. Aieieiiii-iioe/aneea ae?ineiiu
iaoiaeyo oe?ieia i?eiaiaiea. Auno?uie oaiiaie aaaeaony ?ac?aaioea
?acee/iuo i?eai?ia ia iee?iiioe/aneie oaoiieiaee, aieieiiii-iioe/aneeo
ooieoeeiiaeueiuo yeaiaioao, iioe/aneeo aieiiaiaeiuo yeaiaioao. E
ianoiyuaio a?aiaie oaeea ae?ineiiu n?aaeiaai eeanna oaea eiathony a
i?iaeaaea.
Aieieiiii-iioe/aneea ae?ineiiu ioee/athony io i?aaeieo ionoonoaeai
iaoaie/aneeo nenoai, /oi aeaeaao eo i?eaiaeiuie ia oieueei a iaaeaaoeee,
ii e a ae?oaeo iaeanoyo, iai?eia?, aeey eiio?iey aeaeaeaiey ao?a i?e
ao?aiee iaooyiuo neaaaeei. E?iia oiai, anee oaaee/eoue aeeaiao? eieueoea
ec iioe/aneiai aieieia, oaeeeieoue eioa?aae eioaa?e?iaaiey auoiaeiiai
neaiaea, oi iiaeii iiauneoue /oanoaeoaeueiinoue, /oi iicaieeo
eniieueciaaoue ae?ineii aeey i?iaiica iiaiaeu, ecia?aiey oetheooaoeee
nianoaaiiiai a?auaiey Caiee e ae?.
Nienie eeoa?aoo?u
Aieiiaiaeu iioe/aneie nayce, Oaoiei E.E.
Aieieiiii-iioe/aneea aeao/eee, iiae ?aae. O.Ieine, ia?aaiae n yiii.
Iioe/aneea aieiiaiaeu, Marcuse D., ia?aaiae n aiae.
Iniiau aieieiiii-iioe/aneie nayce, iiae ?aae. A.I.Aeeaiiaa, ia?aaiae n
aiae.
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