OA?IIYEAEO?E*ANEEA AAIA?AOI?U
1) Iauea naaaeaiey i oa?iiyeaeo?e/aneeo aaia?aoi?ao.
Oa?iiyeaeo?e/aneea aaia?aoi?u (OYA) i?aaenoaaeytho niaie
iieoi?iaiaeieeiaua oa?iiia?u e i?aaeiacia/aiu aeey i?yiiai
i?aia?aciaaiey oaieiaie yia?aee a yeaeo?iyia?aeth. iie eniieuecothony a
ia?aaeaeaeiuo AYO , ieoathueo o?oaeiiaeinooiiua iauaeou, eioi?ua
iiioe?othony a ioaeaeaiiuo ?aeiiao Caiee (aaoiiaoe/aneea iaoainoaioeee,
ii?neea iayee e o.i.). A ia?niaeoeaa oaeea iauaeou iiaoo iiioe?iaaoueny
ia Eoia eee ia ae?oaeo ieaiaoao. A ea/anoaa enoi/ieeia oaiea aeey
iiaeaiaea e ai?y/ei niayi OYA : ?aaeeiaeoeaiua ecioiiu (?EOYA), yaea?iua
?aaeoi?u (ss?OYA), nieia/iua eiioeaio?aoi?u ?acee/iiai eniieiaiey
(NOYA). I?eaioe?iai/ii i?eieiatho, /oi i?e yeaeo?e/aneeo iiuiinoyo io 1
aei 10 eAo ia EEA oeaeaniia?aciu ?EOYA e NOYA, a i?e iiauoaiiuo o?iaiyo
iiuiinoe – ss?OYA. Iineaaeiea iaeaieaa ia?niaeoeaiu aeey AYO EEA.
Aeinoieinoaa OYA: aieueoie n?ie neoaeau, aunieay iaaeaaeiinoue,
noaaeeueiinoue ia?aiao?ia, aea?inoieeinoue. Iaaeinoaoee OYA: iaaunieea
ioiineoaeueiua yia?aaoe/aneea iieacaoaee: oaeaeueiay ianna 10-15 ea/eAo,
iiaa?oiinoiay ieioiinoue iiuiinoe 10 eAo/i2 (ia aaeeieoeo iiia?a/iiai
na/aiey yeaiaioa ), iauaiiay ieioiinoue iiuiinoe 200-400 eAo/i3 e
n?aaieoaeueii ieceee EIAe i?aia?aciaaiey yia?aee (5-8%). I?eiaieoaeueii
e EA OYA i?aaenoaaeytho niaie aaoa?ae e?aiia-aa?iaieaauo
oa?iiyeaeo?e/aneeo yeaiaioia (OYY), eioi?ua ii iao?e/iiio i?eioeeio
niaaeeiaiu a aaoayo iineaaeiaaoaeueii, a aaoae iiaoo eiaoue iaaeaeo
niaie ia?aeeaeueiua niaaeeiaiey. Aaoa?ae OYY caeeth/aiu n aa?iaoe/iua
eiioaeia?u, caiieiaiiua eia?oiui aacii ai ecaaaeaiea ieeneaiey e
noa?aiey iieoi?iaiaeieeia. Ieineea eee oeeeeiae?e/aneea eiino?oeoeee OYA
niaaaeathony ono?ienoaaie aeey iiaeaiaea oaiea ia ai?y/eo niayo e aeey
aai ioaiaea ia “oieiaeiuo” niayo iieoi?iaiaeieeiauo oa?iinoieaeeia.
Eiino?oeoeey neeiauo yeaeo?iauaiaeia OYA aeieaeia iaania/eaaoue
iaeiia?aiaiii oa?iiieioiinoue e yeaeo?e/aneoth ecieyoeeth io ei?iona
(eiioaeia?a), /oi i?aaenoaaeyao aeinoaoi/ii neiaeioth oaoie/aneoth
caaea/o.
2) Oece/aneea iniiau ?aaiou oa?iiyeaeo?e/aneeo aaia?aoi?ia.
A iniiaa aeaenoaey ethaiai OYY eaaeao ia?aoeiua oa?iiyeaeo?e/aneea
yooaeou Iaeueouea, Oiiniia (Eaeueaeia) e Caaaea. Ii?aaeaeythuay ?ieue a
OYA i?eiaaeeaaeeo yooaeoo oa?ii-YAeN (Caaaea). I?aia?aciaaiea yia?aee
nii?iaiaeaeaaony iaia?aoeiuie (aeenneiaoeaiuie) yooaeoaie: ia?aaea/ae
oaiea ca n/ao oaieii?iaiaeiinoe iaoa?eaea OYY e i?ioaeaiee oiea.
Iaoa?eaeu OYY n i?eianoiie yeaeo?iiiie e aeu?i/iie i?iaiaeeiinoueth
iieo/atho aaaaeaieai eaae?othueo aeiaaaie a e?enoaeeu iniiaiiai
iieoi?iaiaeieea.
?en. 1. I?eioeeieaeueiay noaia yeaiaioa?iiai iieoi?iaiaeieeiaiai OYA
I?e ?aai/eo oaiia?aoo?ao O SYMBOL 179 \f “Symbol” 900 SYMBOL 184 \f
“Symbol” 100 E oeaeaniia?aciu nieaau 20-30% Ge-Si, a i?e O SYMBOL 163
\f “Symbol” 600 SYMBOL 184 \f “Symbol” 800 E – iaoa?eaeu ia iniiaa
oaeeo?eaeia e naeaieaeia naeioea, aeniooa e no?ueiu. Noaia e?aiieaaiai
OYY iieacaia ia ?en. 1. Oaiei Q1 iiaeaiaeeony e OYY (OYA) /a?ac noaieo
iaa?aaaoaey 1 n iiiiuueth oaieiiineoaey ( iai?eia?
aeeaeeiiaoaeee/aneiai), oaieiaie o?oau eee i?e iaiin?aaenoaaiiii
eiioaeoa n ciiie oaieiauaeaeaiey ?aaeoi?a. *a?ac noaieo 7 oieiaeeeueieea
oaiei Q2 ioaiaeeony io OYA (eceo/aieai, oaieiiineoaeai eee oaieiaie
o?oaie). Niae iieoi?iaiaeieeiauo e?enoaeee/aneeo oa?iinoieaeeia 4 e 9
ia?aciaaiu iaoaeee/aneeie oeiaie 3 e 5, 8, eioi?ua yeaeo?e/anee
eciee?iaaiu io noaiie 1 e 7 neiyie aeeyeaeo?eea 2, 6 ia iniiaa ieneaeia
oaiia?aoo? SYMBOL 68 \f “Symbol” O = O1-O2.
Yooaeoeaiinoue OYA iaania/eaaaony nouanoaaiiie ?acii?iaeiinoueth
no?oeoo?u aaoaae 4 e 9. Aaoaue ?-oeia n aeu?i/iie i?iaiaeeiinoueth
iieo/aaony aaaaeaieai a nieaa Si-Ge aeoeaioi?iuo i?eianae aoiia?iiai
ai?a A. Aaoaue i-oeia n yeaeo?iiiie i?iaiaeeiinoueth ia?acoaony i?e
eaae?iaaiee Si-Ge aeiii?iuie aoiiaie oinoi?a ?. Ec-ca iiauoaiiie
oeie/aneie aeoeaiinoe e iaeie iaoaie/aneie i?i/iinoe iieoi?iaiaeieeiauo
iaoa?eaeia niaaeeiaiea eo n oeiaie 3, 5, 8 auiieiyaony i?ineieeaie ec
nieaaa e?aiiee-ai?. Aeey aeinoeaeaiey noaaeeueiie ?aaiou aaoa?ay OYY
aa?iaoece?iaaia iaoaeee/aneie eannaoie, caiieiaiiie a?aiiii.
Yeaeo?e/aneee oie I=dq/dt, neaaeiaaoaeueii, yia?aey (ca a?aiy t )
a oaieiaay iiuiinoue
Ia?aoeiinoue yooaeoa Iaeueouea ninoieo a oii, /oi i?e ieoaiee oeaie
oieii I io aiaoiaai enoi/ieea oa?aeoa? oaieiaiai aeaenoaey I ia niae
iiaeii eciaiyoue ?aaa?ne?iaaieai iai?aaeaiey oiea . Ia yoii iniiaaii
nicaeaiea oa?iiyeaeo?e/aneeo iaa?aaaoaeae e oieiaeeeueieeia. Iineaaeiea
eiatho aieueoa i?aeoe/aneia cia/aiea.
ia ?- e i-o/anoeao),
Eiee/anoaaiiia cia/aiea yooaeoa Oiiniia aoi?inoaiaiii.
Yooaeo Caaaea. A oeaie aeaoo ?acii?iaeiuo i?iaiaeieeia eee
iieoi?iaiaeieeia, niae e eiioeu eioi?uo eiatho ia?aiaae oaiia?aoo?,
aicieeaao yeaiaioa?iay oa?ii-YAeN dE=Z(T)dT eee YAeN
i?e/ai n?aaeiaa cia/aiea eiyooeoeeaioa Caaaea
, oi iai?aaeaiea aeaenoaey A iaiyaony, o.a. i?ienoiaeeo ?aaa?n
iiey?iinoe OYY. Ia?aoeiinoue yooaeoa Caaaea nii?iaiaeaeaaony
ia?aoeiinoueth yooaeoa Iaeueouea.
?aaioa OYA niioonoaotho ia?aoeiua yooaeou.
3)Aaoa?ae oa?iiyeaeo?e/aneeo yeaiaioia.
Aeey iieo/aiey a OYA oa?aeoa?iiai iai?yaeaiey U SYMBOL 187 \f “Symbol”
30 A i?e YAeN iaeiiai OYY A SYMBOL 187 \f “Symbol” 0,1 SYMBOL 184 \f
“Symbol” 0,3 A o?aaoaony iineaaeiaaoaeueii niaaeeieoue a aaoa?ath
i?eia?ii N SYMBOL 187 \f “Symbol” 102 OYY. i?e caaeaiiuo ?acia?ao
na/aiey oa?iinoieaeea e o?iaiyo oiea I iaa?ocee iaiaoiaeeiia /enei
ia?aeeaeueiuo aaoaae a aaoa?aa ii?aaeaeyaony ieioiinoueth oiea J=I/s
SYMBOL 187 \f “Symbol” 10 A/ni2. Aeey EEA auiieiythony aaoa?ae OYA
iiuiinoueth io aaeeieoe aei nioai aaoo. A NNN? aeey noaoeeiia?iuo e
ia?aaeaeaeiuo AYO nicaeaiu ?EOYA na?ee “Aaoa” iiuiinoueth aei 10 Ao ia
?aaeeiaeoeaiii ecioiia oea?ey 144Na. Ieineea e oeeeeiae?e/aneea
aa?eaiou OYA ii?aaeaeythony eo eiiiiiiaeie a aeiea. Eaneaaeiia
niaaeeiaiea OYA iicaieyao iiauneoue EIAe i?aia?aciaaiey yia?aee aei
SYMBOL 104 \f “Symbol” SYMBOL 187 \f “Symbol” 0,13. A oeaeyo
oiaiueoaiey oaeaeueiie iannu OYA ?ac?aaioaiu iiiaineieiua ieaii/iua OYY.
i?aaenoaaeyao eioa?an nicaeaiea a ia?niaeoeaa OYA a aeaea
yenia?eiaioaeueiuo ?aaeoi?ia-aaia?aoi?ia ia aaca eioaa?aeueiiai
eniieiaiey OYY e oaieiauaeaeythueo yeaiaioia (OAYE) ec aeaeyueony
niaaeeiaiee oeia noeueoeaeia o?aia eee oi?ey, eioi?ua iaeaaeatho
iieoi?iaiaeieeiauie naienoaaie.
Eeoa?aoo?a : Aeeaaneee A. E. Niaoeeaeueiua yeaeo?e/aneea iaoeiu. I.:
Yia?aiaoiiecaeao, 1994a.
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