IEIENOA?NOAI IAUAAI E I?IOANNEIIAEUeIIAI IA?ACIAAIEss ?O
NAAA?I – CAIAAeIUE CAI*IUE IIEEOAOIE*ANEEE
EINOEOOO
EAOAAe?A AAOIIIAEEUeIIAI O?AINII?OA
EIIO?IEUeIAss ?AAIOA
II AeENOeEIEEIA : “ OAOIIEIAEss O?AINII?OIIAI
I?IECAIAeNOAA. “
AUIIEIEE NOOAeAIO III EO?NA OAEOEUeOAOA YM e AI
NIAOeEAEUeIINOUe 2401 OEO? 56 – 0303
=
A. A. AEOEIAE* =
?OEIAIAeEOAEUe ?AAIOU : = A. A. AANEEUeAA =
a. CAIIEss?IUE
1998 a.
EIIO?IEUeIAss ?AAIOA ? 1 .
N iaeiiyoaaeiiai neeaaea iai?oaeiaaiiiai ?aiie aeey ioi?aaee a?oca ia
aaoio?ainii?o ioa?oceoue iaoa?eaeueiua oeaiiinoe a iaeaoao. Oi?ie?iaaiea
iaeaoa i?iecaiaeeony ia neeaaea ia iiaeaeii ?acia?ii 800 o 1200 ii
a?ociiiaeu?iiinoueth 1 o. Caoai n iiiiuueth aaoi – eee yeaeo?iiia?oc/eea
caa?oaeaaony ia aaoio?ainii?o.
O?aaoaony: 1) I?iecaanoe ?an/?o oaoiieiae/aneie noaiu iaoaiece?iaaiiie
ia?aa?ocee a?ocia. Ia?acaoe noaiu i?eeiaeaiea 1.
Oai?aoe/aneee aii?in: “?ane?uoue niaea?aeaiea. Oaoiieiae/aneea noaiu
(ea?ou) iaoaiece?iaaiiie ia?aa?ocee a?ocia.”
Enoiaeiua aeaiiua: Noaia iaoaiecaoeee
iia?ocee e
N?aaeianooi/iay ianna aua?ocee oa?ii-ooo/iuo
a?ocia
ia?aa?oaeaaiiai a?oca, o ——- 370
Ianna iaeaoa, o——————– 0,7
Ianna aaeeieoeu a?oca
(yueea), ea————————– 30
A?aiy ?aai/aai oeeeea, n——– 240
Cao?aou o?oaea ia oeeaaeeo
1o a?oca a iaeaou, /ae-iei—– 7,0
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue ?aaiou
neeaaea, /—————————– 7,0
E?aoeia iienaiea oaoiieiae/aneiai i?ioeanna.
Aaoiiiaeeue iiaeuacaeaao caaeiei ai?oii e ?aia neeaaea, o?iaaiue aeieua
eociaa niaiaaeaao n o?iaiai iiaeuacaeiie ?aiu neeaaea. A?oc iaeaoe?oaony
aeaoiy aniiiiaaoaeueiuie ?aai/eie a ooaaaey yueeaie ii 30 ea aana e
iannie iaeaoa 0,7 o. Oeiaeaiiue iaeao aaoiiia?oc/eeii caoaaouaaaony n
iiaeaeiia e ia?aaiceony a eocia aaoiiiaeey, aaea oeeaaeuaaaony naiei
aaoiiia?oc/eeii. Aeey ia?a?aaioee 370 o a?oca ca nooee i?eiaiythony 7
ai?oiauo a?ociauo aaoiiiaeeae, 14 aniiiiaaoaeueiuo ?aai/eo. A ia?eiae
ia?aa?ocee aniiiiaaoaeueiua ?aai/ea iaeaoe?otho iiaue ooaaaeue.
?an/?o oaoiieiae/aneie noaiu iaoaiece?iaaiiie ia?aa?ocee a?ocia.
1. Eiee/anoai iiaeu?iii-o?ainii?oiuo iaoei ii eaaeaeie i?aaeaa?eoaeueii
aua?aiiie oaoiieiae/aneie noaia.
Ni = Ga? / Qo * t? * ka , aaea
Ga? – n?aaeianooi/iay ianna ioa?oaeaaiiai a?oca , o;
Qo – oaoie/aneay i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue iiaeu?iii-o?ainii?oiuo iaoei,
o//;
t? – i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue ?aaiou iauaeoa ii aeaiiie noaia, /;
ka- eiyooeoeeaio eniieueciaaiey iiaeu?iii-o?ainii?oiuo iaoei ii
a?aiaie; ka = 0,6…..0,9
Ni = 370 / * 10,5 * 7 * 0,72 = 6,9916 » 7,0 (oooe)
Ii?aaeaeaiea iio?aaiiai eiee/anoaa ?aai/eo:
?iau. = ?iao. + ?ani. , (/ae.) , aaea
?iao. – eiee/anoai iaoaiecaoi?ia, ii eiee/anoao iiaeu?iii-o?ainii?oiuo
iaoei, /ae;
?ani. – eiee/anoai aniiiiaaoaeueiuo ?aai/eo, iaiaoiaeeiuo aeey
oi?ie?iaaiey iaeaoia, /ae.
?ani. = 60 * Gi * COoi / Ooe , (/ae.), aaea
Gi – ianna iaeaoa, o;
COoi – cao?aou o?oaea iaiaoiaeeiua ia oeeaaeeo (oi?ie?iaaiea) 1 o a?oca
a iaeaou, /ae-iei;
Ooe – a?aiy ?aai/aai oeeeea iiaeu?iii-o?ainii?oiuo iaoei, nae.
?ani. = 60 * 0,7 * 7 / 240 = 1,225 » 2 (/ae.)
?iau.= 2 * 7 + 7 = 21 (/ae.)
I?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue iiaeu?iii-o?ainii?oiuo iaoei:
Qo (/) = 3600 * Gi / Ooe , (o//) , aaea
Qo (/) = 3600 * 0,7 / 240 = 10,5 (o//)
?an/?o iniiaiuo iieacaoaeae yooaeoeaiinoe oaoiieiae/aneeo noai
iaoaiecaoeee iia?oci/ii-?aca?oci/iuo ?aaio.
*aniaay i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue ii noaia:
Q/an = Ni * Qo * ka , (o//)
Q/an = 7 * 10,5 * 0,72 = 52,93 » 53 (o//an)
Cao?aou o?oaea ia 1 o ia?a?aaaouaaaiiai a?oca:
CO = ?iau / Q/an , (/ae-/an/ o)
CO = 21 / 53 = 0,3962 (/ae-/an / o)
Au?aaioea ia iaeiiai /aeiaaea ninoaaa a?eaaaeu:
A = Q/an. / ?iau , (o/ /ae-/an)
A = 53 / 21 = 2,523 (o/ /ae-/an)
O?iaaiue iaoaiecaoeee:
Oi = [S Ai / ( SAi + SA?)] * 100, %
S Ai – noiia?iue iau?i iaoaiece?iaaiiuo ?aaio auiieiaiiuo ii noaia,
oiiii-iia?aoeee;
S A? – noiia?iue iau?i ?aaio a?o/ioth auiieiaiiuo ii noaia,
oiiii-iia?aoeee.
Ai = Ga? * ki , (o-ii.) ; A? = Ga? * k? , (o-ii.), aaea
Ga? – eiee/anoai ia?aa?oaeaaiiai a?oca, o;
ki ; k? – eiyooeoeeaiou niioaaonoaaiii iaoaiece?iaaiiuo e ?o/iuo ?aaio.
ki = nye. i / 3, aaea
nye. i – eiee/anoai iniiaiuo yeaiaioia ia?aa?oci/iie iia?aoeee, auiieiya
–
iuo iaoeiie.
k? = nye. i / 3, aaea
nye. ? – eiee/anoai iniiaiuo yeaiaioia ia?aa?oci/iie iia?aoeee, auiieiya
–
iuo a?o/ioth.
k? = 1; ki = 1
Ai = 370 * 1 = 370 (o-ii.); A? = 370 * 1 = 370 (o-ii.);
Oi = 370 / 370 + 370 = 50%
Noaiaiue iaoaiecaoeee:
Ni = [STi / (STi + STp)] * 100, %, aaea
STi – noiia?iia eiee/anoai iaoaiecaoi?ia (/ae.) eee o?oaeicao?aou
auiieiaiiua iaoaiece?iaaiiui niiniaii, /ae-/;
STi – noiia?iia eiee/anoai aniiiiaaoaeueiuo ?aai/eo (/ae.) eee
o?oaeicao?aou auiieiyaiua a?o/ioth, /ae-/.
Ni = 1/ 1 + 2 = 33,3, %
Oaoiieiae/aneee i?ioeann ii auiieiaieth iia?oci/ii-?aca?oci/iuo ?aaio
ninoieo ec iniiaiuo e aniiiiaaoaeueiuo iia?aoeee.
E iniiaiui iia?aoeeyi ioiinyony oaeea, eioi?ua aoiaeyo a iioeann
iiaeu?ia e ia?aiauaiey a?ocia:
caoaao e iiaeu?i;
ia?aiauaiea e oeeaaeea a ooaaaeue;
acyoea a?oca ec ooaaaey e iiaea/a aai ia o?ainii?oiia n?aaenoai.
E aniiiiaaoaeueiui iia?aoeeyi ioiinyony:
oi?ie?iaaiea iaeaoia a?o/ioth;
cano?iiea e iono?iiea a?oca;
e?aieaiea e ?ane?aieaiea;
iai?aaeaiea e iooyaeea a?ocia i?e iiaeu?ia e oeeaaeea.
Oeaeaniia?aciinoue e yooaeoeaiinoue eniieueciaaiey ?acee/iuo aeaeia
iaoei iaoneaaeeaaaony oaoiieiae/aneeie noaiaie iaoaiece?iaaiiie
ia?aa?ocee a?ocia, ?ac?aaaouaathony ii ?acee/iui aa?eaioai ia?aa?ocee.
Aa?eaioii ia?aa?ocee iacuaaaony caeii/aiiia ii iacia/aieth ia?aiauaiea
a?oca. I?e iaicia/aiee aa?eaioa ia?aa?ocee oeacuaaaony ioeoaea e eoaea
ia?aiauaaony a?oc:
aaaii – aaoiiiaeeue;
aaaii – neeaae;
ieiuaaeea aaoiiiaeeue.
?acee/atho i?yiua e nooiai/aoua (iai?yiua) aa?eaiou ia?aa?ocee.
Ia?aaea/a a?ocia iaiin?aaenoaaiii n iaeiiai o?ainii?oiiai n?aaenoaa ia
ae?oaia yaeyaony i?yiui aa?eaioii. Ana ae?oaea aa?eaiou, i?e eioi?uo
ia?aa?ocea i?iecaiaeeony /a?ac neeaaeu eee ieiuaaeee a?aiaiiiai o?aiaiey
yaeythony nooiai/aoui aa?eaioii.
A i?aaeaeao eaaeaeiai aa?eaioa ia?aa?ocee iiaeao auoue ianeieueei
aa?eaioia iaoaiecaoeee, o.e. aeey ia?aa?ocee iaeiiai e oiai aea a?oca
iiaoo eniieueciaaoueny ?acee/iua n?aaenoaa iaoaiecaoeee. Aa?eaioii
iaoaiecaoeee i?eiyoi iacuaaoue ?aciiaeaeiinoue ia?a?aaioee a?ocia
auiieiyaiuo n i?eiaiaieai iaoei.
Aeey iioeiaeueiiai auai?a aa?eaioa iaoaiecaoeee ?ac?aaaouaathony
oaoiieiae/aneea noaiu iaoaiece?iaaiiie ia?aa?ocee a?ocia.
Oaoiieiae/aneay noaia iaoaiece?iaaiiie ia?aa?ocee a?ocia i?aaenoaaeyao
niaie ca?aiaa ?ac?aaioaiiue e iainiiaaiiue ?an/?oaie ?aai/ee aeieoiaio,
ia iniiaaiee eioi?iai ieaie?oaony e auiieiyaony oaoiieiae/aneee i?ioeann
iia?oci/ii-?aca?oci/iuo ?aaio (I??) ia ?acee/iuo iauaeoao. Ii io?aaeaao
iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue e ii?yaeie auiieiaiey oaoiieiae/aneeo iia?aoeee (
ii ii?aaeae?iiiio aa?eaioo ) iaeiie eee eiiieaenii
iiaeu?iii-o?ainii?oiuo iaoei.
Eaaeaeay noaia iaoaiecaoeee aeieaeia niaea?aeaoue neaaeothuea eiie?aoiua
naaaeaiey:
aeae a?oca, aeey ia?a?aaioee eioi?iai i?aaeiacia/aia noaia;
aeae e eiee/anoai iia?oci/ii-?aca?oci/iuo iaoei ;
a?aoe/aneia ecia?aaeaiea iia?oci/ii-?aca?oci/iiai ianoa n
oa?aeoa?enoeeie auiieiaiey ?aaio;
?annoaiiaea o?ainii?oiuo n?aaenoa, ?annoiyiea ia?aiauaiey a?ocia,
oa?aeoa?enoeea aei?iaeiiai iie?uoey, ianoi onoaiiaee eee iooe aeaeaeaiey
iiaeu?iii-o?ainii?oiie oaoieee;
Naaaeaiey i eiee/anoaa ?aai/eo, iio?aaiuo aeey auiieiaiey I?? ii aeaiiie
noaia;
e?aoeia iienaiea oaoiieiae/aneiai i?ioeanna e oeacaiey ii oaoieea
aaciianiinoe;
iieacaoaee yooaeoeaiinoe ?aaiou ii aeaiiie noaia; i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue
o?oaea; o?iaaiue iaoaiecaoeee; au?aaioea ia iaeiiai /aeiaaea, noaiaiue
iaoaiecaoeee e ae?…
EIIO?IEUeIAss ?AAIOA ? 2 .
Iiaeaioiaeoue e i?iaeoiiio caaeaieth ia?aiao?u neeaaea aeey o?aiaiey
oa?ii-ooo/iuo a?ocia.
O?aaoaony: 1) I?iecaanoe ?an/?o ?ieinoe neeaaea (eiee/anoai
iaeiia?aiaiii o?aieiuo a?ocia onoaiaaeeaaaony i?iaeoiuie caaeaieyie).
Ecia?aceoue a?aoe/anee ?aciauaiea a?oca a neeaaea (ieai).
Oai?aoe/aneee aii?in. “Eceiaeeoue iniiaiua iieiaeaiey ii oaoie/aneei
n?aaenoaai e niiniaai i?iaeoe?iaaiey ( AINO-9078, 9570).”
Enoiaeiua aeaiiua.
Aiaeiaie a?ociiai?io, oun. o———–30
N?ie o?aiaiey caiana a?oca, noo.——8
Aeiioneaaiay iaa?ocea ia iie, ea/i2 -3500
Ii?aaeaeaiea o?aaoaiie aianoeiinoe neeaaea :
Anee = Qo? * Ocai / 365, (o), aaea
Qo? – aiaeiaie a?ociiioie, a?ociiai?io, o;
Ocai – n?ie o?aiaiey caiana ia neeaaea, nooie.
Anee = 30 000 * 8 / 365 = 657 (o)
2. Iieaciay ieiuaaeue neeaaea i?e ?an/?oiie ( aeiioneaaiie iaa?ocea r
(o/i3) ii?aaeaeyaony:
Fiie = Anee / r , (i2)
Fiie = 657 / 3,5 = 187,714 (i2)
Iieaciay oe?eia neeaaea:
Aiie = Anee – a , (i) , aaea
a – ?acia? i?iacaeia, i;
a = a1 + a2 , (i) , aaea
a1 – oe?eia i?iacaea yeaeo?iiia?oc/eea e ae?oaie iaoeiu, 3i:
a2 – ?annoiyiea io noaiu caeaiey aei ooaaaey , 0,5i.
Oe?eio neeaaea aicuei?i ii aeaiiui AINO ?aaiie 12 i.
a = 3 + 2 * 0,5 = 4 (i)
Aiie = 12 – 4 = 8 (i)
Iieaciay aeeeia neeaaea:
Liie = Fiie / Aiie = Fiie / Anee – a , (i)
Liie = 187,71 / 8 = 23,46 (I)
Iauay aeeeia neeaaea:
Liau = Liie + a1 + 2a2 , (i)
Liau = 23,46 + 3 + 2 * 0,5 = 27,5 , (i)
I?eia/aiea. Oe?eia ?aiu – 3i, aeaa?ue 3,4 o 3,5 i. Aeaa?e
?aniieaaathony ia ?annoiyiee 6 – 12 i ii aeeeia neeaaea.
I?eaeeceoaeueiia ?aciauaiea a?oca a
neeaaea.
1200
aeaa?e
27500
NIENIE EEOA?AOO?U:
A?eiaae/ A.I. Eiiieaenii-iaoaiece?iaaiiua e aaoiiaoece?iaaiiua neeaaeu
ia o?ainii?oa. I.: O?ainii?o. 1990 aiae.;
Iaeeeia I.A., Iaeeiae/ A.?. Neeaaeu i?iiuoeaiiuo i?aaei?eyoee.
Ni?aai/iee. E-ae.: Iaoeiino?iaiea. 1989 aiae.4
Aeeaeiai A.O., I?ioi?ia A.A. Oaoiieiaey ia?aa?oci/iuo ?aaio a ?a/iuo
ii?oao. I.: O?ainii?o. 1990 aiae.;
Iinoiaie E.O. Yenieoaoaoeey ii?oiauo neeaaeia. O/aaiia iiniaea. I.:
O?ainii?o. 1994 aiae..
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