? O O O
ei. Ae.E.Iaiaeaeaaaa.
Oaoiieiaey i?iecaiaenoaa ieceia.
Aioeaeioe/aneea naienoaa ieceia.
Auiieieea:
nooaeaioea a?oiiu Y-45
Oeiioeeia A.A.
10. 05. 1997 IECEIU (NISINS).
Ieceiu ioiinyony e aioeaeioeeai, eioi?ua ia?acothony nianoaaiii
aaeoa?eyie. Aioeaeioe/aneia aauanoai – iecei – auaeaeai ec eoeueoo?u
iiei/iieeneiai no?aioieieea Streptococcus lactis. Iecei iiaeaaeyao
?acaeoea ?yaea a?aiiieiaeeoaeueiuo e iaeioi?uo eeneioionoie/eauo
aaeoa?ee, ia ieacuaaao aeeyiey ia a?aiio?eoeaoaeueiua aaeoa?ee,
ae?iaeaee e ieaniaaua a?eau. Yoio aioeaeioee iiaeaaeyao ?acaeoea iiiaeo
iee?ii?aaieciia: iiaaiieieee, a?oiio no?aioieieeia, ?acee/iua aeaeu
Bacillus , Clostridium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Lactobacillus,
Corynebacterium, iaiiiaea aeaeu Streptomyces, Micrococcus pyogenes.
Iecei ia ieacuaaao aioeiee?iaiiai aeaenoaey ia Escherichia coli,
Salmonella typhi, Shigella, iaeioi?ua aeaeu Neisseria. Naienoaa ieceia,
a oaeaea iniaaiiinoe aai oeie/aneiai no?iaiey i?eaeaeee e yoiio
aioeaeioeeo aieiaiea o/aiuo. *oi eanaaony i?eiaiaiey, neaaeoao
ioiaoeoue, /oi iecei ia eniieuecoaony a iaaeeoeeineie i?aeoeea, ii n
oniaoii i?eiaiyaony a aaoa?eia?ee aeey ea/aiey ianoeoia o ei?ia. Oaeaea
eiaao aieueoia i?eiaiaiea a ieuaaie i?iiuoeaiiinoe a ea/anoaa
eiina?aaioa iaeioi?uo nei?iii?oyueony i?iaeoeoia, a oaeaea aeey
i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiey ii?/e nu?ia. Anoue niiauaiey ia aeoeaiinoe ieceia a
ioiioaiee iaey?eeiiai ieaciiaeey, ii yoio aii?in iiea inoaaony ia aei
eiioea eco/aiiui.
No?iaiea ieceia.
Onoaiiaeaii, /oi iecei eiaao iieaeoey?ioth ianno, ?aaioth 3500, ii
iiaeao iieeia?eciaaoueny e ia?aciauaaoue aeeia? (iieaeoey?iay ianna
7000) e oao?aia?. Iieeia?ecaoeeth ieceia naycuaatho n iaee/eai a aai
iieaeoea aeaaeae?iaeaieia. A ninoaa iieaeoeu ieceia aoiaeyo 30
aieiieeneioiuo inoaoeia neaaeothueo aieiieeneio: eecei, aenoeaeei,
ania?aaeiiaay eeneioa, na?ei, i?ieei, aeeoeei, aeaiei, aaeei, iaoeiiei,
ecieaeoeei, eaeoeei, inoaoee ?aaeei ano?a/athueony na?iniaea?aeaueo
aieiieeneio: eaioeiiei e (-iaoeeeaioeiiei, iaianuuaiiua aieiieeneiou –
aeaaeae?iaeaiei e (-iaoeeaeaaeae?iaeaiei.
A 1970 aiaeo onoaiiaeaia neaaeothuay no?oeoo?a iieaeoeu ieceia:
H2N – Eea – Iaa – Aea – Eea – Aeaa – Eae – Aea – Aie – I?i – Aeo – Aea
–
S
S
– Eec – Aie – Aee – Aea – Eae – Iao – Aee – Aea – Ani – Iao – Eec –
S
S
– Aie-Aea- Aie – Aea – Aen – Aea – Na? – Eea – Aen – Aae – Aeaa – Eec –
NIII
Aeaa – aeaaeae?iaeaiei; Aie – aieiiianeyiay eeneioa; Iaa –
(-iaoeeaeaaeae-?iaeaiei. Ii?aaeaeaii iieiaeaiea aeaoo noeueoeaeiuo
iinoeeia, ia?aciaaiiuo inoaoeaie (-iaoeeeaioeiieia. Yoio o?aaiaio eiaao
aeoeeeee/aneoth no?oeoo?o:
Aeieiae/aneay aeoeaiinoue ieceia iaoneiaeaia iaee/eai a aai iieaeoea
(,(-iaianuuaiiuo aieiieeneio (aeaaeae?iaeaiei, (-iaoeeaeaaeae?iaeaiei).
Aeeia?u e oao?aia?u ieceia, iiaeiaii iiiiia?o, iaeaaeatho aeieiae/aneie
aeoeaiinoueth. Iecei aeeyao ia nii?u /oanoaeoaeueiuo e iaio aaeoa?ee,
eioi?ua aieaa aiaaou eaoeiiaie ii n?aaiaieth n aaaaoaoeaiuie eeaoeaie, e
aunooiaao eae eaoeiieoiue aeaoa?aaio. Iecei, aaeni?ae?oynue ia
iiaa?oiinoe nii?, a iiiaio i?i?anoaiey nii? ia?ooaao i?iieaaiinoue
oeeoiieaciaoe/anie iaia?aiu e oaeei ia?acii iiaeaaeyao ?ino
?acaeaathueony eeaoie aaeoa?ee. Yoio aioeaeioee niiniaai ?aaae?iaaoue n
noeueoaeae?eeueiuie a?oiiaie aeieiae/anee aaaeiuo niaaeeiaiee, auaiaey
eo ec ?aaeoeee iaoaaieecia.
Oaoiieiae/aneea noaaeee i?iecaiaenoaa ieceia.
I?eaioiaeaiea iinaaiiai iaoa?eaea.
Ooaiiu-i?iaeooeaiou
ec i?iae?ie
(
a eieau ni noa?eeueiie ieoaoaeueiie n?aaeie ia ea/aeee, iioeiaeueiua ti
e ?I=6.5 – 6.8.
(
(
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Eiieoeyoi?u aeey ia?aueaaiey iinaaiiai iaoa?eaea (iaeue iinaaiie
aiia?ao, caoai aieueoie iinaaiie aiia?ao; iinoiyiiue aeieea ieoaoaeueiie
n?aaeu)
(
N iiieaeaieai ?I n?aaeu oaaee/eaaaony auaeaeaiea ieceia ec eeaoie a
eoeueoo?aeueioth aeeaeeinoue. I?e ?I=4.3 aieaa 90% ieceia auaeaeyaony a
n?aaeo, a i?e ?I=6.8 auaeaeyaony 40% aioeaeioeea.
( Ii eioaineaiay ay?aoeey eoeueoo?u iiei/iieeneiai no?aioieieea ia
ieacuaaao aeaaii?eyoiiai aeeyiey ie ia ?ino aaeoa?ee, ie ia ia?aciaaiea
ieceia.
Ieoaoaeueiay n?aaea: a n?aaeao, niaea?aeaueo iaaeinoaoi/iia aeey
ii?iaeueiiai ?acaeoey eiee/anoai acioa (1-2 ia% NH2 i?e ii?ia 29 ia%),
neeueii nieaeaaony ?ino no?aioieieea e ia?aciaaiea aioeaeioeea. Eo/oeie
acioniaea?aeaueie eiiiiiaioaie a n?aaeao yaeythony ae?iaeaeaaie
aaoieecao, iaioii, eacaeiiaue aeae?ieecao. Aunieee auoiae aioeaeioeea
iaaethaeaaony i?e ?acaeoee iiei/iieeneiai no?aioieieea ia n?aaeao,
niaea?aeaueo aiiiieeiua niee i?aaie/aneeo eeneio.
Enoi/iee oaea?iaea – aetheica. Aeiaaaeaiea e n?aaea n aetheicie aeaoo-,
o?ao-, /aou?ao- e iyoeoaea?iaeiuo i?aaie/aneeo eeneio niinianoaoao
iiauoaieth ?inoa i?iaeooeaioa aioeaeioeea e iaeioi?iio oaaee/aieth
ia?aciaaiey ei ieceia.
I?e canaaa naaaeae ieoaoaeueiie n?aaeu eoeueoo?ie Streptococcus lactis
aianoa n iinaaiui iaoa?eaeii aiineony e iecei, oae eae eiee/anoai iauaai
ieceia a i?ioeanna ?acaeoey aaeoa?ee nieaeaaony e e eiioeo ia?eiaea
eaa-oacu eeaoee no?aioieieea i?aeoe/anee ia niaea?aeao aioeaeioeea. A
neioac ieceia i?ienoiaeeo iinea yeniiiaioeeaeueiiai ?inoa aaeoa?ee a
ia?eiae ?aiiae noaoeeiia?iie oacu. Onoaiiaea aeey aeineioaca
aioeaeioeea
(
(
(
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(
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Nieaeaiea iauaai eiee/anoaa ieceia a eaa-ia?eiae ?acaeoey Streptococcus
lactis e neioac aioeaeioeea a aieaa iicaeiee ia?eiae ?inoa
iiaeoaa?aeaeaao cia/aiea ieceia a ea/anoaa aaaeiie /anoe aaeoa?eaeueiiai
?inoiaiai oeeeea no?aioieieea (iecei, ii-aeaeeiiio, naycai n
eiio?iee?othuei iaoaieciii, eioi?ue ia ieacuaaao aeeyiey ia nei?inoue
?inoa i?iaeooeaioa aioeaeioeea, ii caaea?aeeaaao ia/aei ?inoa iiauo
eeaoie). Nieaeaiea neioaca aioeaeioeea e eiioeo ia?eiaea eaa-oacu
iaoneiaeaii eciaiaieai o?aoe/iie no?oeoo?u eee noaiaie iieeia?ecaoeee
aioeaeioeea. Yoiai i?ioeanna eiaeoeaaoeee ieceia iiaeii ecaaaeaoue iooai
aeiaaaeaiey a n?aaeo eacaeia, a ?acoeueoaoa /aai iaaethaeaaony
noaaeeecaoeey aioeaeioe/aneie aeoeaiinoe e aieueoia ia?aciaaiea ieceia.
O ieceia a ioee/ea io ae?oaeo iieeiaioeaeiuo aioeaeioeeia iooue neioaca
noiaeai n iooai ia?aciaaiey aaeeia, o.a. naycai n ?eainiiiui iaoaieciii.
Neioac ieceia eaeao /a?ac ia?aciaaiea ieceiiiiaeiaiuo
aaeeia-i?aaeoanoaaiieeia aeineioaca aioeaeioeea, i?e/ai i?aa?auaiea
i?aieceia a iecei i?ienoiaeeo iiae aeaenoaeai oa?iaioa ia aiaoiae
iiaa?oiinoe eeaoee no?aioieieea (anoue i?aaeiieiaeaiea e i oii, /oi
ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca aeineioac ieceia ianoo ii?aaeaeaiiua ieacieaeu, a
eioi?uo eieaeeciaaiu niioaaonoaothuea aaiu ia?aciaaiea iieaeoeu
aioeaeioeea). Nai iaoaieci aeineioaca ieceia e aai iieaeoey?iay ianna
iicaieytho ?anniao?eaaoue yoio aioeaeioee ia eae iieeiaioeae, a eae
ieceiiieaeoey?iue iniiaiie aaeie.
3. Noaaeey i?aaeaa?eoaeueiie ia?aaioee eoeueoo?aeueiie aeeaeeinoe,
eeaoie iee?ii?aaiecia e oeeueo?aoeee (ioaeaeaiey eoeueoo?aeueiie
aeeaeeinoe io aeiiannu i?iaeooeaioa).
( (
(
(
( (
(
(
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(
(
( ( ( (
(
A ?acoeueoaoa ?anniio?aiiuo aniaeoia aeineioaca aeaeii, /oi ia?acoaiue
aioeaeioee ii/oe iieiinoueth auaeaeyaony ec eeaoie a eoeueoo?aeueioth
aeeaeeinoue (a(eueoay /anoue aai). Oiaaea aioeaeioee auaeaeytho ec
eoeueoo?aeueiie aeeaeeinoe iaoiaeaie yeno?aeoeee ?anoai?eoaeyie, ia
niaoeaathueieny n aeeaeeie oacie, inaaeaeatho a aeaea ia?anoai?eiiai
niaaeeiaiey eee ni?ae?otho eiiiiaiaiiuie niieaie. I?e niaea?aeaiee
aioeaeioeea (eae a iaoai neo/aa) a eoeueoo?aeueiie aeeaeeinoe e a
eeaoeao i?iaeooeaioa, ia?ae/iie iia?aoeeae aai auaeaeaiey yaeyaony
ia?aaiae aioeaeioeea a oaco, ec eioi?ie iaeaieaa oeaeaniia?acii aai
eciee?iaaoue. I?e yoii aioeaeioee, niaea?aeaueeny a eoeueoo?aeueiie
aeeaeeinoe, e eeaoee n aioeaeioe/aneei aauanoaii, ia?aaiaeyo a inaaeie,
ec eioi?iai aioeaeioee yeno?aae?otho. Ioaeaeaiea iaoeaiiai ?anoai?a io
aeiiannu e acaaoaiiuo /anoeoe i?iaiaeyo iaoiaeaie oeeueo?aoeee
(ioo/-oeeueo?, ae?oe-oeeueo?, naia?aoi?u) eee oeaio?eooae?iaaiey.
Noaaeey auaeaeaiey e i/enoee aioeaeioeea
(
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Ai ecaaaeaiea eiaeoeaaoeee aioeaeioeea iiae aeeyieai aiaoieo oaeoi?ia
i?e aai auaeaeaiee e i/enoea iaiaoiaeeii niaethaeaoue iaeneiaeueioth
inoi?iaeiinoue.
Iniiaiua iaoiaeu i/enoee:
Iaoiae yeno?aeoeee (Iiiaie?aoiue ia?aaiae aioeaeioeea ec iaeiiai
?anoai?eoaey a ae?oaie n i?aaeaa?eoaeueiui inaaeaeaieai
(e?enoaeeecaoeeae)).
Eiiiiaiaiiay ni?aoeey (I?iioneaiea aiaeiiai ?anoai?a aioeaeioeea /a?ac
eieiiee n niioaaonoaothueie eiiiiaiaiiuie niieaie, ni?aoeey ia ieo, a
?anoai? n i?eianyie, eiathuee i?ioeaiiieiaeiue aioeaeioeeo ca?yae,
i?ioiaeeo /a?ac eieiieo. Aaeni?ae?iaaiiue ia niiea aioeaeioee
yethe?otho, iieo/atho i/euaiiue, eiioeaio?e?iaaiue i?aia?ao. A ?anoai?
iiaeii aiiaue i?iionoeoue /a?ac eiiiiaiaiioth niieo, ii n
i?ioeaiiieiaeiui ca?yaeii, oiaaea ia niiea inyaeoo i?eiane, a aieaa
i/euaiiue ?anoai? i?ieaeao /a?ac eieiieo.
Inaaeaeaiea (Naycuaaiea aioeaeioeea n aauanoaaie n oeaeueth iieo/aiey
niaaeeiaiey, auiaaeathuaai a inaaeie, eioi?ue n iiiiuueth oeeueo?ia eee
oeaio?eooae?iaaiey ioaeaeytho io iaoeaiiai ?anoai?a, i?iiuaatho,
aunooeaatho. Ia?aciaaaoaany niaaeeiaiea ?anoai?ytho e aioeaeioee
yeno?aae?otho eee aiiaue inaaeaeatho. )
Iaeia ec noaaeee i/enoee – eiioeaio?e?iaaiea iieo/aiiuo ?anoai?ia
(ioaiiea aieueoae /anoe ?anoai?eoaey a aaeooia).
Noaaeey nooee, iieo/aiea aioiaie i?iaeoeoeee, ecaioiaeaiea
eaea?noaaiiuo oi?i (aeieiae/aneee e oa?iaeieiae/aneee eiio?ieue),
?anoaniaea.
Aeaeu nooee: eeioeeueiay nooea (i?e oaiia?aoo?a -8, -12 (N)
?aniueeoaeueiay nooeeea (?anoai? aioeaeioeea iiaaiaoe/anee ?aniueyaony
aei iaeue/aeoeo eaiaeue a eaia?a n iioieii iaa?aoiai aicaeooa)
nooea a aaeooi-nooeeueiuo oeaoao (aeey aunooeaaiey ca?ienouo e
ianoiia?aciuo aioeaeioe/aneeo i?aia?aoia).
?anoaniaaiiue e oiaeiaaiiue aioeaeioee n oeacaieai iieacaoaey
aeieiae/aneie aeoeaiinoe, aeaou auionea e n?iea aiaeiinoe iinooiaao a
i?iaeaaeo.
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