?AOA?AO.
I?iecaiaenoaaiiay i?ia?aiia, aaeiaay i?iaeoeoeey, iacaaa?oaiiia
i?iecaiaenoai,o?oaeiaieinoue, oiiae ca?ieaou, oeaia, ?aioaaaeueiinoue,
naaanoieiinoue.
A aeaiiie eo?niaie ?aaioa ?ann/eoaiiu iniiaiu oaoii-yeiiiie/aneea
iieacaoaee?aaiou caaioiaeoaeueii-ooaiiiai/iiai oeaoa.
A iiynieoaeueiie caienea no?aieoe.
NIAeA?AEAIEA.
1.Oaoieei-yeiiiie/aneia ieaie?iaaiea aeayoaeueiinoe oeaoa.
1.1.?an/ao i?iecaiaenoaaiiie i?ia?aiiu.
1.2.?an/ao iio?aaiiai eiee/anoaa iai?oaeiaaiey.
1.3.?an/ao aaeiaie i?iaeoeoeee e ICI ii ianyoeai.
1.4.?an/ao ieiuaaee oeaoa.
1.5.?an/ao noieiinoe i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo oiiaeia oeaoa.
1.5.1.?an/ao noieiinoe iniiaiuo oiiaeia.
1.5.2.?an/ao noieiinoe iai?ioiuo oiiaeia.
1.6.Ii?aaeaeaiea eiee/anoaa iniiaiuo ?aai/eo.
1.6.1.Ii?aaeaeaiea eiee/anoaa iniiaiuo ?aai/eo.
1.6.2.?an/ao aniiiiaaoaeueiuo ?aai/eo.
1.7.?an/ao oiiaeia ca?aaioiie ieaou.
1.7.1.Eaa?oaeueiue oiiae ca?ieaou iniiaiuo ?aai/eo.
1.7.2.Oiiae ca?aaioiie ieaou aniiiiaaoaeueiuo ?aai/eo.
1.7.3.Oiiae ca?aaioiie ieaou EO?, neoaeaueo e III.
1.8.Noieiinoue iacaaa?oaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa.
1.9.Ieai ii naaanoieiinoe, i?eauee e ?aioaaaeueiinoe.
1.9.1.?an/ao oeaoiaie naaanoieiinoe e aaeeieoeu i?iaeoeoeee.
1.9.2.?an/ao ii?iaoeaa /enoie i?iaeoeoeee.
1.9.3.?an/ao ieaie?oaiiai o?iaiy ?aioaaaeueiinoe ?aaiou oeaoa.
1.9.4.?ani?aaeaeaiea i?eauee io ?aaeecoaiie i?iaeoeoeee.
1.10.Ii?yaeie caiieiaiey oi?iu 13 e ?an/ao iniiaiuo iieacaoaeae ?aaiou
oeaoa.
2.Aiaeec iniiaiuo oaoii-yeiiiie/aneeo iieacaoaeae ?aaiou oeaoa.
2.1.Auiieiaiea ieaia ii i?iecaiaenoao e ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoeoeee.
2.2.Auiieiaiea ieaia ii o?oaeo e ca?ieaoa.
2.3.Auiieiaiea ieaia ii naaanoieiinoe, i?eauee e ?aioaaaeueiinoe.
1.Oaoieei-yeiiiie/aneia ieaie?iaaiea aeayoaeueiinoe oeaoa.
1.1.?an/ao i?iecaiaenoaaiiie i?ia?aiiu.
Enoiaeiuie aeaiiuie aeey ?ac?aaioee i?iecaiaenoaaiiie i?ia?aiiu
yaeythony:
ieaiiaia caaeaiea ii auioneo ?aaeeciaaiiie i?iaeoeoeee ia eaa?oae a
iaoo?aeue
iii au?aaeaiee, o?oaeiaieinoue ecaioiaeaiey aaeeieoeu i?iaeoeoee,
aeeeoaeueiinoue
oeeeea ecaioiaeaiey, inoaoie iacaaa?oaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa ia ia/aei
eaa?oaea.
?an/ao iauaia oiaa?iie i?iaeoeoeee:
T?=N*t ,
N-i?ia?aiia auionea oiaa?iie i?iaeoeoeee,i-e;
t-o?oaeiaieinoue ecaioiaeaiey aaeeieoeu i?iaeoeoeee, i-/;
O?=
Eaa?oaeueiue ieai auionea oiaa?iie i?iaeoeoeee ?ani?aaeaeytho ii
ianyoeai.
Iauai aaeiaie i?iaeoeoeee ii?aaeaeyaony ii oi?ioea:
B=O?+ H
H-eciaiaiea inoaoeia iacaaa?oaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa:
H=He -Hi ,
He -iaee/ea iacaaa?oaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa ia eiiaoe ieaiiaiai ia?eiaea
(ii?ia
oeaiay);
Hi -oaeoe/aneee inoaoie iacaaa?oaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa ia ia/aei
ieaiiaiai
ia?eiaea;
Hi =
He =a*Toe. *t*Ko.a.
a – n?aaeianooi/iue auione oiaa?iie i?iaeoeoeee a iaoo?aeueiii
au?aaeaiee;
Toe -n?aaeiyy aeeeoaeueiinoue i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai oeeeea, aeie;
K oa -eiyooeoeeaio oaoie/aneie aioiaiinoe iacaaa?oaiiiai
i?iecaiaenoaa.
He =
H=
Oiaaea aaeiaay i?iaeoeoeey
A=
1.2.?an/ao iio?aaiiai eiee/anoaa iai?oaeiaaiey.
Eiee/anoai iai?oaeiaaiey ii iia?aoeeyi oaoiieiae/aneiai i?ioeanna
ii?aaea
eyaony ii oi?ioea:
N*t *K
n?i = ———–
O *K
n?i – ?ann/aoiia eiee/anoai iai?oaeiaaiey i-ie iia?aoeee;
ti – o?oaeiaieinoue aaeeieoeu i?iaeoeoeee ii aeaiiie iia?aoeee, i-/;
Oyoi – yooaeoeaiue oiiae a?aiaie ?aaiou iai?oaeiaaiey, no-/;
Eai – n?aaeiee, ieaie?oaiue ii oeaoo, eiyooeoeeaio auiieiaiey ii?iu;
Eici – eiyooeoeeaio iacaaa?oaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa.
A
Eici = —-=
O
Oyo =Dea * c * r * n
Dea – eie-ai ?aai/eo aeiae a eaa?oaea;
c – eie-ai niai a nooee;
r – eie-ai /ania ?aaiou iai?oaeiaaiey a iaio niaio;
n – ieaiiaue eiyooeoeeaio eniieueciaaiey aaeeieoeu iai?oaeiaaiey.
n = 1- b
100
b – ii?iu iioa?ue a?aiaie, naycaiiua n ieaiiai-i?aaeoi?aaeeoaeueiui
?aiiioii;
n = 1-
100
Oyo =
n?1 =
n?2 = n?4 =
n?3 = n?5 =
Coiia iniiaiiai iai?oaeiaaiey n =
Iaiaoiaeeii onoaiiaeoue iiiaieeaoo?o e eiee/anoai aniiiiaaoaeueiiai
iai?oaei
aaiey.A iiiaieeaoo?o aniiiiaaoaeueiiai iai?oaeiaaiey aoiaeeo:
oieaa?naeue
ii-o?aca?iue noaiie, oieaa?naeueii-oeeoiaaeueiue noaiie, oiea?iue
noaiie,aa?
oeeaeueii-naa?eeeueiue noaiie e neana?iue aa?noae.
1. 3.?ann/eoaai aaeiaoth i?iaeoeoeeth e iacaaa?oaiiia i?iecaiaenoai
ii ianyoeai:
N
Nnoo = ——-=
Oiie
a ?aai/eo aeiy;
a ?aai/eo aeiy;
a ?aai/eo aeiy.
N =Nnoo *Oian =
N
N
T?
T?
T?
Iacaaa?oaiiia i?iecaiaenoai ii ianyoeai iaoiaeei ii oi?ioea:
Hea
Hian = ——– Oian
Oea
H
H
H
T?.ea
Bian = ———-Oian + Hian
Oea
B
B
B
?acoeueoaou caiinyony a oi?io 1.
1.4.?an/ao ieiuaaee oeaoa.
Iauay ieiuaaeue neeaaeuaaaony ec i?iecaiaenoaaiiie, aniiiiaaoaeueiie
e aaeieieno?aoeaii-auoiaie.
I?iecaiaenoaaiioth ieiuaaeue ii?aaeaeytho enoiaey ec ii?i oaeaeueiuo
i?iec
aiaenoaaiiuo ieiuaaeae ia aaeeieoeo iai?oaeiaaiey.
Fi? = Foaei * Niai
Foaei – oaeaeueiay i?iecaiaenoaaiiay ieiuaaeue ia aaeeieoeo
iai?oaeiaaiey -ai
aeaea, i;
niai – i?eiyoia eiee/anoai iai?oaeiaaiey -ai aeaea, oo;
z – eie-ai ?aai/eo iano.
Foae (a\i)=20i Foae (noaiee)=9i
Foae (i?annu)=30i Foae (aa?no.)=7i
Fi?1 = Fi?3=
Fi?2 = Fi?4=
-i?iecaiaenoaaiiay ieiuaaeue.
1.5.?an/ao noieiinoe i?iecaiaenoaaiiuooiiaeia oeaoa.
1.5.1.?an/ao noieiinoe iniiaiuo oiiaeia.
Noieiinoue caeaiee i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai iacia/aiey ii?aaeaeyaony
iioi?ioea:
N c= Vae * C1
Vc – iauai caeaiey, i;
C1 – noieiinoue 1i caeaiey.
I?eieiaaony 1i i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo caeaiee 400o.?oa.
Nc=
Iiaeuaiii-o?ainii?oiia iai?oaeiaaiea ninoaaeyao 4% io Nini
Ni-o?=
Aei?iainoiyuee eino?oiaio – 3% io Nini ec ieo
60% – aei?iainoiyuee eino?oiaio e i?eniiniaeaiey;
40% – iaeioeaiiue eio?oiaio e eiaaioa?ue.
Caei?.eino.=
Caei?.eino.=
Ciaeioeai.eino.=
Aeaiiua ?an/aoia caiinyony a oi?io 8A.
1.5.2.?an/ao noieiinoe iai?ioiuo oiiaeia.
Iai?ioiua oiiaeu oeaoa aeeth/atho noieiinoue oaeouaai caiana
iniiaiuo iaoa
?eaeia,iieoiiuo iieooaa?eeaoia e aioiauo ecaeaeee, i?eai?ia ia
neeaaea
oeaoa, onoaiaaeeaaaony a caaeneiinoe io ii?iu caiana a aeiyo.
Noieiinoue oaeouaai caiana iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae ii?aaeaeyaony ii
oi?ioea:
N
Co = —–* Ci * Hc
Dea
Ci – noieiinoue iaoa?eaeia, ?anoiaeoaiuo ia 1i-e, ?oa;
Hc- ii?ia caiana, ?aai/ea aeie.
Co =
A noieiinoue iai?ioiuo oiiaeia aoiaeeo noieiinoue iaeioeaiiiai
eino?oiaioa.
Niaeioeai.eino. =
Aeaiiua caiinyony a oi?io 8A.
1.6.Ii?aaeaeaiea eiee/anoaa ?aai/eo e neoaeaueo.
1.6.1.Ii?aaeaeaiea eiee/anoaa iniiaiuo ?aai/eo.
Nieni/iia eie-ai iniiaiuo ?aai/eo ii?aaeaeyaony ii oi?ioea:
N * ti * Kici
mini = —————–
Oiie * Eai
Oiie -iieaciue oiiae a?aiaie iaeiiai n?aaeianieni/iiai ?aai/aai,/
(ec oi?iu 3).
mini1
mini2
mini3
mini4
mini5
Anaai iniiaiuo ?aai/eo.
Aeey ?an/aoa iieaciiai oiiaea a?aiaie ninoaaeyaony aaeain ?aai/aai
a?aiaie,
caiieiyaony oi?ia 3.
1.6.2.?an/ao eie-aa aniiiiaaoaeueiuo ?aai/eo.
?an/ao aaaeaony ii ii?iai ianeoaeeaaiey.
Eiee/anoai EO?, neoaeaueo, III oaeaea ii?aaeaeyaony ii ii?iai
ianeoaeeaaiey,
i?aaenoaaeaiiuo a ooaoiuo ?anienaieyo.
?acoeueoaou ?an/aoia caiinyony a oi?iu 4,6,7.
1.7.?an/ao oiiaeia ca?aaioiie ieaou.
1.7.1.Eaa?oaeueiue oiiae ca?aaioiie ieaou ?aai/eo aeeth/aao a naay
oa?eoiue
oiiae, i?aiee, aeiieaou ca ?aaioo a ii/iia a?aiy – Dii.i.a. ,iieaoo
caieaie?i
aaiiuo aioo?eniaiiuo ia?a?uaia e oeaeueiiaeiaaiuo iaauoiaeia.
Oa?eoiue oiiae ca?aaioiie ieaou i?e naeaeueiie iieaoa o?oaea
ii?aaeaeyaony
ii oi?ioea:
Ooa? =A * C1 * Kn?
B – iauai aaeiaie i?iaeoeoeee,i-/;
C1 – /aniaay noaaea 1-ai ?ac?yaea ii naoea naeaeueueeia (1050);
Kn? – n?aaeiee eiyooeoeeaio
ti * Ki
En? = ———- =
ti
Ooa? =
I?aiee ca auiieiaiea iany/iuo caaeaiee ?aeiiaiaeoaony a?aoue 30% io
Ooa?
I?aiee =0.3*Ooa?=
Iniiaiay ca?aaioiay ieaoa iniiaiuo ?aai/eo
Oini =Ooa?+I?=
Aeiieaoa ca ii/iia a?aiy e ca a?aaeiinoue 2% io Oini
Dii.i.a =
Aeiaaiie oiiae ca?aaioiie ieaou Oae :
Aeiieaoa ca nie?auaiiue ?aai/ee aeaiue iiae?inoeai – 0.5% io
O/aniaiai
Oae.iiae. =
Iieaoa ia?a?uaia ei?iyuei iaoa?yi – 0.3% io Oini
Oae iao =
Oae =Oaeiiae+Oae iao +O/ania.=
Iieaoa a?aiaie ii auiieiaieth ainiaycaiinoae 0.5% io Oae
Oain =
Iieaoa i/a?aaeiuo e aeiiieieoaeueiuo ioioneia 6,36 % io Oae
Oioi =
Eaa?oaeueiue oiiae ca?aaioiie ieaou
Oea = Oa.i + Oaeii+Oae
Oaeii =
Oea =
1.7.2.Oiiae ca?aaioiie ieaou aniiiiaaoaeueiuo ?aai/eo iiaen/eouaaaony
ii nia
oeeaeueiinoyi.
Eaa?oaeueiue oiiae ca?aaioiie ieaou ?ann/eouaaaony ii oi?ioea:
Oea = Ooa? * Ki? aeii
Aeey naeaeueueeia Ooa? = m * Oiie * Noa? * Eai*Eoa?
Aeey iia?aiaiueeia Ooa? = m * Oiie * Noa? * Eoa?
Ooa? – oa?eoiue oiiae ca?ieaou, ?oa;
Oiie – iieaciue oiiae a?aiaie ?aaioieea;
m – eie-ai ?aaioieeia;
Ei? aeii- eiyooeoeeaio i?aiee e aeiieao.
Ei? aeii = 1.35
N oa?. naeaeueueeia – 1050 ?oa.
N oa?. iia?aiaiueeia – 1020 ?oa.
Ca?ieaoa aniiiiaaoaeueiuo ?aai/eo ?ann/eouaaaony ii oi?ioea:
Oea
Cani = ——
m*C
Eoa? -oa?eoiue eiyooeoeeaio niioaaonoaothuaai ?ac?yaea.
?acoeueoaou naiaeyony a oi?io 6.
1.7.3.Oiiae ca?ieaou EO?, neoaeaueo, III.
?ann/eouaaai oiiae ca?ieaou e ooaoiia ?anienaiea EO?, neoaeaueo e
III.
?acoeueoaou ?an/aoia naiaeyony a oi?io 7.
1.8.Noieiinoue iacaaa?oaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa.
Nici =
1.9. Ieai ii naaanoieiinoe, i?eauee e ?aioaaaeueiinoe.
Ii?aaeaeythony cao?aou ia aaeiaoth i?iaeoeoeeth, naaanoieiinoue
ecaeaeey e oeaia
aaeeieoeu i?iaeoeoeee, ii?iaoea /enoie i?iaeoeoeee, noiia i?eauee e
o?iaaiue
?aioaaaeueiinoe ?aaiou oeaoa.
Cao?aou ia iniiaiua iaoa?eaeu, iieoiiua iieooaa?eeaou e iieoiiua
aioua
ecaeaeey ieaie?othony ii oi?ioea:
Ni = (N + H ) * Oe
t*Koa
N – i?ia?aiia auionea , i-e;
H – eciaiaiea iacaaa?oaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa;
t – o?oaeiaieinoue aaeeieoeu i?iaeoeoeee,i-/;
Oe – noieiinoue iaoa?eaeia eee iieooaa?eeaoia, ?anoiaeoaiuo ia
aaeeieoeo i?i
aeoeoeee,?oa;
Ni =
Io/eneaiey ia nioeeaeueiia no?aoiaaiea ieaie?oaony a ?acia?a 14% io
iniia
iie e aeiiieieoaeueiie ca?aaioiie ieaou iniiaiuo ?aai/eo.
Noiia ?anoiaeia ia aii?oecaoeeth iai?oaeiaaiey e oeaoiauo
iaeeaaeiuo ?anoiaeia
ninoaaeyao
Ii?aaeaeei a i?ioeaioiii ioiioaiee
Ii ?acoeueoaoai iiaen/aoia caiieiyany oi?ia 9.
1.9.1.?an/ao oeaoiaie naaanoieiinoe aaeeieoeu i?iaeoeoeee.
Eaeueeoeyoeey oeaoiaie naaanoieiinoe aaeeieoeu i?iaeoeoeee
i?eaiaeeony a oi?
ia 10.
Iniiaiay ca?aaioiay ieaoa iniiaiuo ?aai/eo ii?aaeaeyaony ii
oi?ioea:
Oini = Ooa? + I
Ooa? = N1 * En? * t
N1 – oa?eoiay noaaea ?aai/aai 1-ai ?ac?yaea,?oa;
En? – n?aaeiee oa?eoiue eiyooeoeeaio;
t -o?oaeiaieinoue iaeiiai iaoeiieiiieaeoa;
I – ieaie?oaiay i?aiey.
Ooa?.=
I = 0.3*Ioa?.
Oini.=1.3*Ooa?.
Aeiiieieoaeueiay ca?ieaoa ?aai/eo
Oaeii.= io Oini.
Oaeii.=
Io/eneaiey ia nioeeaeueiia no?aoiaaiea nunoaaeyao 14% io noiiu
iniiaiie e
aeiiieieoaeueiie ca?ieaou.
Oeaoiaua iaeeaaeiua ?anoiaeu e ?anoiaeu ia niaea?aeaiea e
yenieoaoaoeeth iai?oaei
aaiey.
X
Oe?.=Oini* —
100
Ieaiiai-?ann/aoiay oeaia aaeeieoeu i?iaeoeoeee ?ann/eouaaaony eae
Oeie.=Noeao.+I?.
Ieaie?oaiay noiia i?eauee ii?aaeaeyaony ii oi?ioea:
N’oeao.* R
I?.= ————–
100
Coeao. – oeaoiaay naaanoieiinoue aaeeieoeu i?iaeoeoeee;
C’oeao. – oeaoiaay naaanoieiinoue ca au/aoii i?yiuo iaoa?eaeueiuo
cao?ao;
R -ii?iaoea ?aioaaaeueiinoe ecaeaeey.
N’oeao.=
I?.=0.17*
Oeie.=
1.9.2.?an/ao ii?iaoeaa /enoie i?iaeoeoeee.
Caiieiyaony oi?ia 11.
Ii?iaoea /enoie i?iaeoeoeee i?aaenoaaeyao niaie /anoue
ieaiiai-?ann/aoiie
oeaiu, aeeth/athuoth ca?ieaoo ia?niiaea oeaoa, io/eneaiey ia
nioeeaeueiia no?a
oiaaiea, ii?iaoeaioth i?eaueue.
?acia? I*I ia iaoeiieiiieaeo ii?aaeaeyaony ii oi?ioea:
I*Ii-e=(Cini.+ Ec.* Cini.)(1+ In n) +I?
100
Cini. – ca?ieaoa (iniiaiay e aeiiieieoaeueiay) iniiaiuo
?aai/eo,?oa.;
Ec.- eiyooeoeeaio, au?aaeathuee ioiioaiea ca?ieaou EO?,
neoaeaueo,III,
aniiiiaaoaeueiuo ?aai/eo e ca?ieaoa iniiaiuo ?aai/eo a
oeaoa.
Inn.- i?ioeaio io/eneaiee ia nioeeaeueiia no?aoiaaiea,%;
I?.- ii?iaoeaiay i?eaueue.
I*Ii-e=
1.9.3.?an/ao ieaie?oaiiai o?iaiy ?aioaaaeueiinoe ?aaiou oeaoa.
?aioaaaeueiinoue ii?aaeaeyaony a i?ioeaioao ii oi?ioea:
Ci.
R=——————*100
Oini.+Oia.
Ni.- noiia i?eauee,?oa.;
Oini.- noieiinoue iniiaiuo oiiaeia,?oa.;
Oia.- noieiinoue iai?ioiuo oiiaeia,?oa.;
Ni.=
R=
Ca aiae R*4=
1.9.4.?ani?aaeaeaiea i?eauee io ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoeoeee.
Caiieiaiea oi?iu 12.
I?eaueue oeaoa eniieuecoaony aeey ieaou ca i?iecaiaenoaaiiua
oiiaeu e oi?
ie?iaaiea oiiaea iaoa?eaeueiiai iiiu?aiey.Inoaaoeany /anoue
i?eauee ia
?a/eneyaony a oiiaeu i?aaei?eyoey.
?acia? i?eauee, eniieueciaaiiue aeey ieaou ca i?iecaiaenoaaiiua
oiiaeu,
ieaie?oaony a ?acia?a 1.5% a eaa?oae eee 6% a aiae io eo
noieiinoe.
1.10.Ii?yaeie caiieiaiey oi?iu 13 e ?ann/ao iniiaiuo
oaoii-yeiiiie/aneeo
iieacaoaeae ?aaiou oeaoa.
Iieacaoaee, ?an/eoaiiua ?aiiaa caiinyony a oi?io 13 ec ae?oaeo
oi?i.
Iieacaoaee io/aoiua ?ann/eouaathony.
1.I?iecaiaenoai.
1.1.Ii?iaoeaii-/enoay i?iaeoeoeey:
I*I=
I*Iio/.=
1.2.?aaeecoaiay i?iaeoeoeey:
O=
Oio/.=
1.3.?aaeeciaaiiay i?iaeoeoeey a i-/:
O=
Oio/.=
1.4.Aaeiaay i?iaeoeoeey a i-/:
Aio/.=Oio/.+ H=
2.O?oae e ca?ieaoa.
Io/aoiue eiyooeoeeaio auiieiaiey ii?i.
Aio/.
Ea.i.io/.=—————————-* ht=
mini.io/.*Oiie.io/.
Au?aaioea ii ieaio:
a) ia iaeiiai iniiaiiai ?aai/aai:
A
ai.?.=—–=
mo
Aio/.
ai.?.io/.=———=
mio/.
a) ia iaeiiai ?aai/aai:
A
ai.?aa.=————–=
mi+mani.
Aio/.
ai.?aa.io/.=————————-=
mo.io/.+mani.io/.
a) ia iaeiiai ?aaioathuaai:
a?aa.=——————————— =
mo+ mani.+ meo? e o.ae.
a?aa.io/.=
Oiiaeu ca?ieaou anao ?aai/eo:
Oc.i.io/.ani.=
N?aaeiaiany/iay ca?ieaoa:
a) iniiaiuo ?aai/eo:
Oea.ie.
Cie.=————–=
3 * mini.
Cie.io/.=
a)aniiiiaaoaeueiuo ?aai/eo:
Oea.ie.ani.
Cie.ani.=—————-=
3 * mani.
Cie.io/.=
3.Naaanoieiinoue, i?eaueue, ?aioaaaeueiinoue.
Noiiu cao?ao ia iauai ?aaeecaoeee i?iaeoeoeee.
Aeey oiai, /oiau iaeoe cao?aou iaiaoiaeeii aeaiiua ec oi?iu 10
oiiiaeeoue ia
i?ia?aiio auionea:
N =Noeao.*N=
Naaanoieiinoue aaeeieoeu aioiaie i?iaeoeoeee:
N io/.
Nio/.=———=
Nio/.
Oaeoe/aneay i?eaueue, iieo/aiiay oeaoii ca eaa?oae:
I?.io/.=O?.io/.-N io/.=
Io/aoiua iieacaoaee ?aioaaaeueiinoe:
I?.io/.*4
Rio/.=—————————-*100% =
Oini.io/.+ Oia.io/.
Ii?aaeaeaiea iieacaoaeae yooaeoeaiinoe eniieueciaaiey iniiaiuo
oiiaeia:
T?.ie.
Sie.=——–=
Nini.
Sie.io/.=
Nuai i?iaeoeoeee n iaeiiai 1i i?iecaiaenoaaiiie ieiuaaee oeaoa:
O?.ie.
Sie.=———-=
Fi?.
O?.ie.io/.
Sie.io/.=—————=
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PAGE 12
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