E?EOONEEE AINOAeA?NOAAIIUE
OIEAA?NEOAO
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AIAIIAss EAOAAe?A
NIANAOAEUeIUA E IAIOEIAEIUA AAA?EEII-AINNOAIIAEOAEUeIUA ?AAIOU A I*AAAO
II?AAEAIEss
?AOA?AO
Auiieiee nooaeaio
A?oiiu 2511
Aiaiia Aeaenae
E?eoone 1997
Oi?aaeaiea e naycue
Aiaaua aiciiaeiinoe nia?aiaiiuo n?aaenoa iaiaaeaiey, iineaaenoaey eo
i?eiaiaiey i?ioeaieeii, aiciiaeiue oa?aeoa? aoaeouae aieiu e neiaeiinoue
aa aaaeaiey i?aaeuyaeytho ana iiaua e iiaua o?aaiaaiey e nenoaiai
oi?aaeaiey Aii?oaeaiiuie Neeaie e oueii no?aiu. A nayce n yoei e
noaiaiue iaaeaaeiinoe oi?aaeaiey a?aaeaeaineie iai?iiie noaea iaeiei ec
aaaeiaeoeo iieacaoaeae aa aioiaiinoe e auiieiaieth iinoaaeaiiuo caaea/.
Oi?aaeaiea a?aaeaeaineie iai?iiie – yoi oeaeaiai?aaeaiiay
aeayoaeueiinoue ia/aeueieeia, ooaaia e neoaea ii iiaeaea?aeaieth
iinoiyiiie aioiaiinoe iiae/eiaiiuo ei i?aaiia e nee, i?aaiecaoeee eo
aeaenoaee e iai?aaeaieth oneeee ia oniaoiia auiieiaiea caaea/ aeey
caueou ianaeaiey e ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa a aiaiiia a?aiy. Caaea/e
oi?aaeaiey: iiaeaea?aeaiea aunieiai iieeoeei-ii?aeueiiai ninoiyiey
ee/iiai ninoaaa i?aaiia oi?aaeaiey e nee a?aaeaeaineie iai?iiu; nai?,
ia?aaioea e ioeaiea aeaiiuo ia ianoaiiaea; i?eiyoea (ooi/iaiea) ?aoaiey;
aeiaaaeaiea caaea/ aei iiae/eiaiiuo; i?aaiecaoeey e iiaeaea?aeaiea
acaeiiaeaenoaey; ananoi?iiiaa iaania/aiea i?iaiaeeiuo ia?ii?eyoee,
iiaeaioiaea oi?ie?iaaiee e i?aaenoiyuei aeaenoaeyi; i?aaiecaoeey e
iiaeaea?aeaiea iai?a?uaiie e onoie/eaie nayce a oiaea aaaeaiey
a?aaeaeaineie iai?iiu; iinoiyiiue eiio?ieue ca aioiaiinoueth i?aaiia e
nee e auiieiaieai iinoaaeaiiuo caaea/.
A nia?aiaiiuo oneiaeyo e oi?aaeaieth i?aaeuyaeythony neaaeothuea
o?aaiaaiey: aunieay iinoiyiiay aioiaiinoue anae nenoaiu oi?aaeaiey,
oaa?aeinoue, aeaeinoue, iai?a?uaiinoue, aunieia ea/anoai e
iia?aoeaiinoue a ?aaioa, ne?uoiinoue. Nooue aunieie iinoiyiiie
aioiaiinoe caeeth/aaony a oii, /oiau any nenoaia oi?aaeaiey aoeaaeueii n
ia?auo ieioo iinea iieo/aiey neaiaeia o?aaiae niiaea iaania/eoue
oniaoiia auiieiaiea caaea/ a ethaie neiaeiie ianoaiiaea.
Iiae oaa?aeinoueth oi?aaeaiey iiieiaaony niiniaiinoue anao ia/aeueieeia
i?eieiaoue ?aoaiey e ianoie/eai i?iaiaeeoue eo a aeeciue, nio?aiyoue
i?aaieciaaiiinoue e aeiaeaaoueny auiieiaiey iinoaaeaiiuo caaea/.
Aeaeinoue caeeth/aaony a niiniaiinoe ia/aeueieea (eiiaiaee?a)
naiaa?aiaiii ooi/iyoue ?aiaa i?eiyoua ?aoaiey, a anee ianoaiiaea ?acei
iaiyaony, oi iaeoe neeo aiee e i?eiyoue iiaua.
Iai?a?uaiinoue (eee onoie/eainoue) aeinoeaaaony iaaeaaeiui
ooieoeeiie?iaaieai anae nenoaiu oi?aaeaiey, aa niiniaiinoueth
iaania/eoue aania?aaieioth naycue ni anaie iiae?acaeaeaieyie e ciaieai
ia/aeueieeii e i?aaiii oi?aaeaiey ianoaiiaee, /oiau iinoiyiii
niaeaenoaiaaoue auiieiaieth ia?ii?eyoee AI.
Aieueoia cia/aiea a nia?aiaiiuo oneiaeyo eiaao e oaeia o?aaiaaiea e
oi?aaeaieth, eae aunieia aai ea/anoai e iia?aoeaiinoue, o. a.
niiniaiinoue ia/aeueieea e i?aaia oi?aaeaiey auno?i e ea/anoaaiii
auiieiyoue naie ooieoeee: nai? aeaiiuo ia ianoaiiaea, i?eiyoea
iioeiaeueiiai ?aoaiey e aeiaaaeaiea caaea/ aei iiae/eiaiiuo.
Ne?uoiinoue oi?aaeaiey – nio?aiaiea a oaeia io i?ioeaieea anao
i?iaiaeeiuo ia?ii?eyoee ii a?aaeaeaineie iai?iia.
Nouanoaothuay nenoaia oi?aaeaiey a?aaeaeaineie iai?iiie ia iauaeoao
iau/ii ninoieo ec ia/aeueieea AI iauaeoa e aai ooaaa, ia/aeueieeia
neoaea e eo ooaaia, eiiaiaee?ia oi?ie?iaaiee e eo ooaaia, ioieoia
oi?aaeaiey, nenoaiu nayce e oaoie/aneeo n?aaenoa oi?aaeai/aneie
aeayoaeueiinoe.
Iniiaie oi?aaeaiey yaeyaony ?aoaiea niioaaonoaothuaai ia/aeueieea eee
eiiaiaee?a. Ia/aeueiee AI iauaeoa ianao iieioth ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca
auiieiaiea caaea/ ii caueoa ?aai/eo e neoaeaueo, ii iiauoaieth
onoie/eainoe ?aaiou i?aaei?eyoey a aiaiiia a?aiy, ca i?iaaaeaiea
nianaoaeueiuo ?aaio a i/aaao ii?aaeaiey. Ii aeieaeai oiaoue i?eieiaoue
iaiaoiaeeiua ?aoaiey aeey i?iaaaeaiey ia?ii?eyoee a?aaeaeaineie iai?iiu
ia iauaeoa, a?aiioii noaaeoue caaea/e iiae/eiaiiui, i?aaeeueii
i?aaieciauaaoue oi?aaeaiea, acaeiiaeaenoaea e iaania/aiea aeaenoaee nee
e n?aaenoa.
Aieueooth ?ieue a oi?aaeaiee ea?atho ia/aeueieee neoaea iauaeoia.
Eaaeaeue ec ieo ianao ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca auiieiaiea i?aaeoniio?aiiuo
ieaiii AI iauaeoa ia?ii?eyoee. Naie iaycaiiinoe iie auiieiytho a
niioaaonoaee n ?aoaieyie ia/aeueieea AI iauaeoa.
A iauaia naieo i?aa e iaycaiiinoae ia/aeueieee neoaea aioiayo ?an/aou ia
auiieiaiea niaoeeaeueiuo ia?ii?eyoee AI, iaania/eaathueo caueoo ?aai/eo
e neoaeaueo iauaeoa, iiauoaiea onoie/eainoe aai ?aaiou a aiaiiia a?aiy,
a oaeaea ii?aaeaeytho caaea/e iiae/eiaiiui oi?ie?iaaieyi e aeiaiaeyo eo
aei eniieieoaeae.
Ia/aeueieee neoaeau AI aeieaeiu ciaoue caaea/e AI iauaeoa, naieo neoaea,
iiae/eiaiiuo oi?ie?iaaiee, aeieeaaeuaaoue ia/aeueieeo AI e ia/aeueieeo
ooaaa i?aaeeiaeaiey ia i?aaiecaoeeth e aaaeaiea AI e i?eieiaoue ia?u ii
auiieiaieth caaea/, iinoaaeaiiuo neoaeaie.
Eiiaiaee? oi?ie?iaaiey ianao ee/ioth ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca iiaeaioiaeo,
aeenoeeieeio e iieeoeei-ii?aeueiia ninoiyiea iiae/eiaiiiai ee/iiai
ninoaaa, iiaeaea?aeaiea iianaaeiaaiie aioiaiinoe oi?ie?iaaiey e
iaiaaeeaiiiio auiieiaieth caaea/, a oaeaea nio?aiiinoue oaoieee,
o?ainii?oa e eiouanoaa. Ii yaeyaony i?yiui ia/aeueieeii anaai ee/iiai
ninoaaa oi?ie?iaaiey, aeieaeai ciaoue ninoaa oi?ie?iaaiey, aai caaea/e e
aiciiaeiinoe, o?iaaiue iiaeaioiaee, iinoiyiii iiaeaea?aeeaaoue aai
aioiaiinoue e neaaeaiiinoue, oiaei ?oeiaiaeeoue aeaenoaeyie
oi?ie?iaaiey, aeiaeaaoueny auiieiaiey iinoaaeaiiuo caaea/,
A naiae i?aeoe/aneie ?aaioa ia/aeueiee AI iauaeoa, ia/aeueieee neoaea,
eiiaiaee?u oi?ie?iaaiee aeieaeiu iie?aoueny ia naie ooaa e ae?oaea
i?aaiu oi?aaeaiey.
Ooaa a?aaeaeaineie iai?iiu iauaeoa – iniiaiie i?aai oi?aaeaiey. Ia iaai
aiceaaathony neiaeiua caaea/e e a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue – iiaeaea?aeaiea
iianaaeiaaiie aioiaiinoe a?aaeaeaineie iai?iiu iauaeoa (neoaea,
oi?ie?iaaiee) e auiieiaieth i?aaenoiyueo caaea/.
Io ia/aeueieea ooaaa caaeneo neaaeaiiay e niaeaniaaiiay ?aaioa ooaaa,
anao neoaea, eiiaiaee?ia io?yaeia, eiiaiae e a?oii, ee/iiai ninoaaa
oi?ie?iaaiee.
I?e i?aaiecaoeee oi?aaeaiey onoaiaaeeaathony: ii?yaeie nai?a, ia?aaioee
e aiaeeca eioi?iaoeee ooaaii e neoaeaaie AI iauaeoa; eaeea aeaiiua a
eaeie oi?ia e eiaaea aeieeaaeuaathony ia/aeueieeo AI e ia/aeueieeo ooaaa
AI iauaeoa; eaeea aeaiiua e a eaeea n?iee auaeathony ooaao AI, neoaeaai,
ia/aeueieeai AI oeaoia e eiiaiaee?ai oi?ie?iaaiee; n?iee e ii?yaeie
aeieeaaeia ia ianoaiiaea e i?aaenoaaeaiey aeiianaiee a auoanoiyuee ooaa,
inouanoaeaiea eioi?iaoeee nee a?aaeaeaineie iai?iiu; ii?yaeie ianaiey
aeaaeo?noaa ia ioieoa oi?aaeaiey, ii?yaeie ?aaiou ocea nayce,
au/eneeoaeueiiai oeaio?a e eniieueciaaiey eo aeieaeiinoiuie eeoeaie aeey
oaeouae ?aaiou; ii?yaeie eiio?iey e ieacaiey iiiiue iiae/eiaiiui; iauee
?anii?yaeie aeiy ia ioieoa oi?aaeaiey, a oii /enea i?eaia ieue, ioaeuoa,
auoiaua aii?inu; ia?ii?eyoey ii niaethaeaieth ne?uoiai oi?aaeaiey.
Aeey iaania/aiey onoie/eaiai oi?aaeaiey AI ia iauaeoa nicaeaaony ioieo
oi?aaeaiey. Ii, eae i?aaeei, iai?oaeoaony a caueoiuo nii?oaeaieyo. Ioieo
oi?aaeaiey aeieaeai auoue iniauai nia?aiaiiuie oaoie/aneeie n?aaenoaaie
nayce e iaania/eaaoue aeaaii?eyoiua oneiaey aeey ii?iaeueiie ?aaiou
?oeiaiaeyuaai ninoaaa iauaeoa. A iai aeieaeiu auoue iiaeaioiaeaiu
oaeiaiua ianoa aeey ?aaiou n oaoie/aneeie n?aaenoaaie oi?aaeaiey, ianoa
aeey ioaeuoa, i?eaia ieue, ieacaiey iaaeeoeeineie iiiiue. Ia ioieoa
oi?aaeaiey AI iauaeoa iau/ii ?aciauathony: ia/aeueiee AI, aai
caianoeoaee, ia/aeueiee ooaaa ni naiei aiia?aoii, ia/aeueieee neoaea,
?aaioieee nayce e ianeoaeeaaiey.
Aeey yooaeoeaiiai oi?aaeaiey AI ia iauaeoa nicaeaaony nenoaia nayce,
eioi?ay aeeth/aaoa ?aaeei e i?iaiaeiua n?aaenoaa nayce, iiaeaeaeiua e
neaiaeueiua n?aaenoaa. Nenoaia nayce yaeyaony iniiaiui n?aaenoaii
oi?aaeaiey e aeieaeia iaania/eoue auno?oth e aeinoiaa?ioth ia?aaea/o, a
ia?aoth i/a?aaeue eiiaiaeiie eioi?iaoeee, a oaeaea aeiianaiee e
niiauaiee i ninoiyiee a?aaeaeaineie iai?iiu. Iia i?aaiecoaony a
niioaaonoaee n ?aoaieai ia/aeueieea (eiiaiaee?a), oeacaieai ia/aeueieea
ooaaa e ?anii?yaeaieai ii nayce auoanoiyuaai ooaaa. Iaiin?aaenoaaiioth
ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca aa i?aaiecaoeeth ianao ia/aeueiee ooaaa AI iauaeoa
(neoaeau, oi?ie?iaaiey).
?aaeein?aaenoaa – iniiaiua n?aaenoaa nayce, oae eae iie iaania/eaatho
iaaeaaeiia oi?aaeaiea ia?ii?eyoeyie AI. N iiiiuueth ?aaeei iiaeii a
ioiineoaeueii ei?ioeia a?aiy onoaiiaeoue naycue i?aeoe/anee ia ethaia
?annoiyiea e ia ethaie ianoiinoe, iaania/eoue ia?aaea/o eioi?iaoeee
iaeiia?aiaiii aieueoiio /eneo ei??aniiiaeaioia. Ia iauaeoao
i?eiaiythony, eae i?aaeei, ?aaeeinoaioeee oeueo?aei?ioeiaieiiaiai
aeeaiaciia (OEA), a a ioaeaeueiuo neo/ayo – e ei?ioeiaieiiaiai
aeeaiaciia (EA). Ia oo?aoeea naia cia/aiea e i?iaiaeiay naycue. Iia ia
caiaieia a noaoeeiia?iuo oneiaeyo iauaeoa, a ?aeiia ?aniieiaeaiey
oi?ie?iaaiey e i?e i?iaaaeaiee NIAA?.
Aeaaea i?e iaee/ee aeinoaoi/iiai eiee/anoaa nia?aiaiiuo n?aaenoa ?aaeei
e i?iaiaeiie nayce nia?aiaiiia oi?aaeaiea iaaiciiaeii aac iiaeaeaeiuo e
neaiaeueiuo n?aaenoa, iie eniieuecothony ai anao caaiueyo oi?aaeaiey e
ai anyeie ianoaiiaea.
Naycue i?aaiecoaony ni noa?oei ia/aeueieeii, iiae/eiaiiuie neeaie e
n?aaenoaaie, ninaaeyie, a oaeaea acaeiiaeaenoaothueie i?aaiaie e neeaie.
Oa?aeoa?iay /a?oa nia?aiaiiiai yoaia oi?aaeaiey – ananoi?iiiaa
eniieueciaaiea i?aaiecaoeeiiiie oaoieee, e eioi?ie ioiinyony: n?aaenoaa
aeiauaaiey eioi?iaoeee (i?iiuoeaiiay oaeaaeceiiiay onoaiiaea, eioi?ay
iicaieyao aanoe iaaethaeaiey ca i?iecaiaenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoueth a
oeaoao, ia neeaaeao, i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo o/anoeao, i?eai?u ?aaeeaoeeiiiie
e oeie/aneie ?acaaaeee e o. ae.); n?aaenoaa ia?aaioee eioi?iaoeee e
i?iecaiaenoaa iia?aoeaiuo e eiaeaia?ii-oaoie/aneeo ?an/aoia (eeaaeoiua
au/eneeoaeueiua iaoeiu, yeaeo?iiii-au/eneeoaeueiua iaoeiu e o. ae.);
n?aaenoaa aeieoiaioe?iaaiey e ?aciiiaeaiey aeieoiaioia (aeeeoioiiu,
iaaieoioiiu, ieoouea iaoeiee, eiie?iaaeueiua (ia/aoiua) aiia?aou,
/a?oaaeiua i?eai?u e ono?ienoaa), eaioeaey?neea i?eiaaeeaaeiinoe,
?acee/iua eeiaeee, oaaeiiu, o?aoa?aou, iaai?u oeiiauo caienae, oneiaiuo
ciaeia, a oaeaea oeiiaua oi?iu.
A ianoiyuaa a?aiy ia iauaeoao oe?iei i?eiaiythony aaoiiaoece?iaaiiua
nenoaiu oi?aaeaiey i?iecaiaenoaii (ANOI), iaeiie ec iiaenenoai eioi?ie
aeieaeia auoue a?aaeaeaineay iai?iia. I?eiaiaiea aaoiiaoece?iaaiiuo
nenoai a oi?aaeaiee a?aaeaeaineie iai?iiie aiineo ?aceea eciaiaiey a
iaoiaeu ?aaiou e i?aaiecaoeeiiioth no?oeoo?o i?aaiia oi?aaeaiey:
aunaiaiaeeo /anoue iia?aoeaiuo ?aaioieeia, auiieiyaoeo o?oaeiaieoth
?aaioo, ioiaaeaao iaiaoiaeeiinoue ?ac?aaaouaaoue e ioi?aaeyoue
ienueiaiiua aeiianaiey e naiaeee. En/aciao iaiaoiaeeiinoue ai aioo?aiiae
eioi?iaoeee, ono?aiyaony ia?aeeaeeci e aeoaee?iaaiea a nai?a aeaiiuo
ianoaiiaee e o. ae.
Ii?yaeie ?aaiou ii i?aaiecaoeee e auiieiaieth anao ia?ii?eyoee AI
caaeneo io ianoaiiaee, caaea/, iaee/ey a?aiaie. I?e oa?ica iaiaaeaiey
i?ioeaieea ia/aeueiee AI iauaeoa aaiaeeo a aeaenoaea ieai AI, ooi/iyao
caaea/e. I?aaiecoaony iiiaauaiea e nai? ee/iiai ninoaaa, eioi?iio
ii?aaeaeythony ii?yaeie e n?iee: i?eaaaeaiey a aioiaiinoue nenoaiu
oi?aaeaiey, nayce e iiiaauaiey, i?aaiecaoeee e?oaeinooi/iiai
aeaaeo?noaa, i?iaaaeaiey ia?ii?eyoee ii caueoa ?aai/eo e neoaeaueo,
/eaiia eo naiae (i?eaaaeaiey a aioiaiinoue oaaaeeu e oe?uoee,
no?ieoaeuenoaa iaaeinoathueo caueoiuo nii?oaeaiee, i?eniiniaeaiee iiae
oe?uoea iiaecaiiuo nii?oaeaiee, auaea/e n?aaenoa eiaeeaeaeoaeueiie
caueou; ?ann?aaeioi/aiey e yaaeoaoeee e ae?.); i?iaaaeaiey ia?ii?eyoee
ii iiauoaieth onoie/eainoe ?aaiou iauaeoa; i?eaaaeaiey a aioiaiinoue nee
e n?aaenoa AI e ae?.
Oi?aaeaiea ia?ii?eyoeyie a yoio ia?eiae inouanoaeyaony eae n ioieoa
oi?aaeaiey, oae e n ?aai/eo iano ia/aeuenoaothuaai ninoaaa. Aeaiiua i
oiaea auiieiaiey ia?ii?eyoee iinooiatho e ia/aeueieeai AI oeaoia,
ia/aeueieeai neoaea e a ooaa AI iauaeoa. Ooaa AI iaiauaao e aiaeece?oao
iinooiathuoth eioi?iaoeeth e aioiaeo ia/aeueieeo AI iauaeoa
i?aaeeiaeaiey aeey i?eiyoey ?aoaiey.
Ii neaiaeo «Aicaeooiay o?aaiaa» ia/aeueiee, ooaa, neoaeau e eiiaiaee?u
oi?ie?iaaiee iauaeoa i?eieiatho ia?u ii aeoaee?iaaieth neaiaea ia
oa??eoi?ee iauaeoa anaie eiathueieny n?aaenoaaie e niiniaaie nayce,
oe?uoeth ?aai/eo e neoaeaueo a caueoiuo nii?oaeaieyo, inoaiiaea eee
ia?aaiaeo i?iecaiaenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe ia iniaue ?aaeei ?aaiou,
ioeeth/aieth yia?aiaacioaieienoi/ieeia, aunoaaeaieth iinoia
iaaethaeaiey.
Iinea iaiaaeaiey i?ioeaieea ia/aeueieee (eiiaiaee?u) oyniytho
ianoaiiaeo, i?aaiecotho ?acaaaeeo, ainnoaiaaeeaatho ia?ooaiiia
oi?aaeaiea, i?eieiatho ia?u ii nai?o, iaiauaieth e ioeaiea aeaiiuo
ianoaiiaee, i?eieiatho ?aoaiea ia i?iaaaeaiea nianaoaeueiuo e
iaioeiaeiuo aaa?eeii-ainnoaiiaeoaeueiuo ?aaio e noaayo caaea/e
iiae/eiaiiui, i?aaiecotho acaeiiaeaenoaea e oi?aaeaiea oiaeii
nianaoaeueiuo ?aaio, eiio?ieue ca auiieiaieai ioaeaiiuo ?anii?yaeaiee.
Auyniythony a iauai aeaea, eaeia iaiaaeaiea i?iecioei, caaea/a,
iinoaaeaiiay noa?oei ia/aeueieeii, ?ieue e ianoi iauaeoa, neoaea e
oi?ie?iaaiee a auiieiaiee iauae caaea/e.
I?e i?aaiecaoeee ?acaaaeee oeacuaaaony: oeaeue e caaea/e ?acaaaeee, neeu
e n?aaenoaa aeey aa i?iaaaeaiey, aaea nin?aaeioi/eoue iniiaiua oneeey,
eaeea aeaiiua e e eaeiio n?ieo aeiauoue, e eaeiio a?aiaie aeieiaeeoue
iauea auaiaeu ii neiaeeaoaeny ianoaiiaea. I?e ia?ooaiee oi?aaeaiey
eniieuecothony neaaeothuea niiniau ainnoaiiaeaiey: ia?aaea/a oi?aaeaiey
n iaeiiai ioieoa ia ae?oaie, auaeaeaiea iia?aoeaiie a?oiiu ni
n?aaenoaaie nayce, ia?aaea/a oi?aaeaiey ia auoanoiyuoth einoaioeeth e
ae?. Nai? aeaiiuo ianoaiiaee inouanoaeyaony iooai ee/iiai iaaethaeaiey
ia/aeueieea (eiiaiaee?a) ca aeaenoaeyie nee a i/aaa ii?aaeaiey, eco/aiey
aeieeaaeia e aeiianaiee ii oaoie/aneei n?aaenoaai (oaeaoiio, ?aaeei, n
iiiiuueth iaaieoiuo eaio), caneooeaaiey aeieeaaeia iiae/eiaiiuo e o. ae.
I?e ioeaiea ianoaiiaee eco/athony oa?aeoa? iaiaaeaiey i?ioeaieea; neeu e
n?aaenoaa (neoaea, oi?ie?iaaiee), iieiaeaiea ninaaeae; ninoiyiea
iauaeoa, oneiaee iiaiaeu, a?aiy aiaea e nooie. I?e ioeaiea i?ioeaieea
eco/athony: ianoi i?eiaiaiey i?ioeaieeii n?aaenoa ii?aaeaiey, aeae
(yaea?iia, oeie/aneia, aaeoa?eieiae/aneia (aeieiae/aneia, eee iau/iia
i?oaeea) e eiee/anoai i?eiaiaiiuo aiai?eiania, oa?aeoa? e iauai
?ac?ooaiee i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo oiiaeia, iiaea?ia, ninoiyiea caueoiuo
nii?oaeaiee e iaoiaeyueony a ieo ethaeae; iioa?e n?aaee ?aai/eo e
neoaeaueo, iaoiaeeaoeony aia caueoiuo nii?oaeaiee, aaa?ee ia
eiiioiaeueii – yia?aaoe/aneeo naoyo, ?aaeeaoeeiiiay, oeie/aneay e
aaeoa?eieiae/aneay (aeieiae/aneay) ianoaiiaea ia iauaeoa e iooyo
auaeaeaeaiey nee e i/aao ii?aaeaiey, e ia yoie iniiaa ii?aaeaeythony
iauai i?aaenoiyueo nianaoaeueiuo e iaioeiaeiuo
aaa?eeii-ainnoaiiaeoaeueiuo ?aaio, iaiaoiaeeiia eiee/anoai nee e
n?aaenoa.
I?e ioeaiea nee e n?aaenoa AI auyniythony: iieiaeaiea, ninoaa,
a?oiie?iaea e auiieiyaiua caaea/e, eo aianiiniaiinoue, a oii /enea
oeiiieaeoiaaiiinoue, iaee/ea e ninoiyiea oaoieee, iieeoeei-ii?aeueiia
ninoiyiea, noaiaiue iao/aiey, iaania/aiiinoue iaoa?eaeueii-oaoie/aneeie
n?aaenoaaie, aeica eceo/aiey. Iaeiia?aiaiii i?iecaiaeeony ?an/ao e
ii?aaeaeyaony eo niioaaonoaea iio?aaiiio eiee/anoao nee aeey aaaeaiey
NIAA?. Ii?aaeaeyaony oaeaea, eaeoth ia?aa?oiie?iaeo eee iaiaa?
iaiaoiaeeii i?iecaanoe. I?e ioeaiea iieiaeaiey ninaaeae onoaiaaeeaaaony,
a eaeie ia?a eo ninoiyiea e aeaenoaey aoaeoo niinianoaiaaoue eee
io?eoeaoaeueii aeeyoue ia ?aoaiea caaea/ ii i?iaaaeaieth NIAA? ia
iauaeoa.
Oa?aeoa? ianoiinoe e ninoiyiea ia?o?ooia eco/athony n oeaeueth auyniaiey
eo aeeyiey ia ia?aaeaeaeaiea nee e n?aaenoa AI e auiieiaiea eie
nianaoaeueiuo ?aaio. Iniaia aieiaiea oaeaeyaony i?iaiice?iaaieth
eciaiaiee ia ianoiinoe a ?acoeueoaoa i?eiaiaiey i?oaeey ianniaiai
ii?aaeaiey. Onoaiaaeeaaaony, eae eo/oa eniieueciaaoue ianoiinoue i?e
?aoaiee caaea/ AI iauaeoa.
A?aiy aiaea e nooie, ninoiyiea iiaiaeu ioeaieaathony n oi/ee c?aiey eo
aeeyiey ia aeaenoaey nee e n?aaenoa a i/aaa ii?aaeaiey i?e i?iaaaeaiee
NIAA?. Ceiie i?aaeoniao?eaathony ia?u i?ioea iaii?iaeaiey ee/iiai
ninoaaa nee AI e ii?aaeaiiuo, aaniie iaia/athony ia?u ii iiauoaieth
i?ioiaeeiinoe o?ainii?oa AI. I?e eco/aiee a?aiaie nooie ii?aaeaeyaony
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue aeiy e ii/e e niioaaonoaaiii ia?u aeey ?aaiou a
ii/iuo oneiaeyo. Eco/aaony oaeaea i?iaiic iiaiaeu, iai?aaeaiea
ainiiaenoaothueo aao?ia, inaaeee, ?aaeei aiaeiuo aeaaoi?ee, ninoiyiea
aeae?ioaoie/aneeo nii?oaeaiee e aiciiaeiinoue caoiieaiey.
Auaiaeu, eioi?ua aeieaeiu auoue naeaeaiu ec ioeaiee ianoaiiaee,
yaeythony iniiaie aeey i?eiyoey ?aoaiey ia i?iaaaeaiea NIAA?. A ?aoaiee
ia i?iaaaeaiea NIAA? oeacuaathony: iauai nianaoaeueiuo ?aaio e
iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe eo auiieiaiey, ia eaeeo oeaoao, o/anoeao
nin?aaeioi/eoue iniiaiua oneeey, eaeoth a?oiie?iaeo nee eiaoue aeey
i?iaaaeaiey NIAA?, eaeea caaea/e iinoaaeoue neoaeaai e oi?ie?iaaieyi,
n?iee ia/aea e ieii/aiey ?aaio, eiee/anoai niai ec ninoaaa nee AI a
neo/aa ?aaiou ia ca?aaeaiiie ianoiinoe, ii?yaeie acaeiiaeaenoaey,
iaoa?eaeueiiai e oaoie/aneiai iaania/aiey, i?aaiecaoeey oi?aaeaiey,
iiiaauaiey e nayce. I?eiyoia ?aoaiea ooaa AI ioi?ieyao a aeaea i?eeaca
eee ioaeaeueiuo ?anii?yaeaiee. ?aoaiea, e?iia oiai, iaiineony ia ieai
iauaeoa, e iniiaiay aai eaeay aeieeaaeuaaaony auoanoiyuaio ia/aeueieeo.
Ia iniiaaiee i?eiyoiai ?aoaiey noaayony caaea/e iiae/eiaiiui – i?eeacii
eee ioaeaeueiuie ?anii?yaeaieyie.
A i?eeaca ia i?iaaaeaiea NIAA? oeacuaathony: e?aoeea auaiaeu ec ioeaiee
ianoaiiaee, caiunae aeaenoaee e ninoaa a?oiie?iaee nee, caaea/e
oi?ie?iaaieyi, caaea/e ninaaeae, caaea/e neoaeaai OI, ianoa
?acaa?ouaaiey iaaeeoeeineeo oi?ie?iaaiee e ii?yaeie yaaeoaoeee
ii?aaeaiiuo, aeiionoeiua aeicu eceo/aiey ee/iiai ninoaaa, a?aiy ia/aea e
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue ?aaiou eaaeaeie niaiu, ii?yaeie iaoa?eaeueiiai,
oaoie/aneiai e ae?oaeo aeaeia iaania/aiey, n eaeeo ioieoia
inouanoaeyaony oi?aaeaiea, ianoa ?acaa?ouaaiey iiaeaeaeiiai ioieoa
oi?aaeaiey, caianoeoaee ia/aeueieea AI.
A ?anii?yaeaiee io?aaeaaony e?aoeay ianoaiiaea, caaea/e neoaeau eee
oi?ie?iaaiey e ae?. I?e iinoaiiaea caaea/ eiiaiaee? oi?ie?iaaiey
oeacuaaao:
– nianaoaeueiui oi?ie?iaaieyi – n?aaenoaa oneeaiey, o/anoie ?icunea
ii?aaeaiiuo, ii?yaeie ieacaiey ei ia?aie iaaeeoeeineie iiiiue e auiina e
ianoai iia?ocee, aaea e eaeea ane?uoue caueoiua nii?oaeaiey, ianoa
eeeaeaeaoeee aaa?ee ia naoyo eiiioiaeueii-yia?aaoe/aneiai oicyenoaa,
– oi?ie?iaaieyi iaoaiecaoeee – n?aaenoaa oneeaiey, aaea e e eaeiio
a?aiaie ono?ieoue i?iacaeu e i?ioiaeu, ia?ooeoue (oe?aieoue)
eiino?oeoeee, oa?iaeathuea iaaaeii; aaea e a eaeii iauaia, e eaeiio
a?aiaie i?iecaanoe ?aaiou ii ioeiiea caueoiuo nii?oaeaiee eee eiio e
eaeea n?aaenoaa i?eaeaoue ia oneeaiea;
– i?ioeaiiiaea?iui oi?ie?iaaieyi – eaeea iiaea?u iioooeoue e
eieaeeciaaoue, aaea nin?aaeioi/eoue iniiaiua oneeey, ianoa ?acaa?ouaaiey
i?ioeaiiiaea?iuo n?aaenoa e caai?a aiaeu;
– oi?ie?iaaieyi iaacca?aaeeaaiey – eaeea o/anoee iiaeaa?aiooue
iaacca?aaeeaaieth, oe?eia i?iaeaeuaaaiuo i?ioiaeia (i?iacaeia) ia
caaeaiiie oa??eoi?ee, ii?yaeie ia?aca?yaeee iaoei e iaicia/aiey
iaacca?aaeaiiuo o/anoeia;
– iaaeeoeeineei oi?ie?iaaieyi – ianoa ieacaiey iaaeeoeeineie iiiiue
ii?aaeaiiui, aaea nin?aaeioi/eoue iniiaiua oneeey, ianoa ?aciauaiey
iao?ainii?oaaaeueiuo aieueiuo;
– aaa?eeii-oaoie/aneei oi?ie?iaaieyi – n?aaenoaa oneeaiey, ianoa aaa?ee
ia naoyo aiaeii?iaiaea, aaci-, oaiei-, yeaeo?iniaaaeaiey, aaea
nin?aaeioi/eoue iniiaiua oneeey.
Anai oi?ie?iaaieyi oeacuaathony ii?yaeie yaaeoaoeee ii?aaeaiiuo,
aeiionoeiua aeicu ?aaeeiaeoeaiiai eceo/aiey, ia?o?oou auaeaeaeaiey e
o/anoeo nianaoaeueiuo ?aaio, ianoa nai?a iinea auiieiaiey iinoaaeaiiie
caaea/e, ii?yaeie nayce, neaiaeu oi?aaeaiey e iiiaauaiey.
Aeiaaaeaiea aei eniieieoaeae caaea/ – iaeia ec aaaeiaeoeo ooieoeee
ia/aeueieea (eiiaiaee?a) e ooaaa ii oi?aaeaieth AI iauaeoa (neoaeaie,
oi?ie?iaaieai). Ana caaea/e aeieaeiu auoue aeiaaaeaiu aei iiae/eiaiiuo
oi/ii e ynii, aac eneaaeaiee.
Niiniau aeiaaaeaiey caaea/ aei eniieieoaeae iiaoo auoue ?acee/iuie. *aua
anaai i?eiaiythony: onoiay iinoaiiaea caaea/ anai eee ianeieueeei
iiae/eiaiiui i?e ee/iii iauaiee eee ii ii?o/aieth ia/aeueieea
(eiiaiaee?a) ae?oaei ?oeiaiaeyuei ?aaioieeii AI iauaeoa, ia?aaea/a
?anii?yaeaiee ii oaoie/aneei n?aaenoaai nayce, aunueea iiae/eiaiiui
ienueiaiiuo ?anii?yaeaiee, a oaeaea – ni/aoaiea oeacaiiuo auoa niiniaia.
Aaaeioth ?ieue a aeiaaaeaiee caaea/ aei eniieieoaeae ea?aao ooaa AI
iauaeoa (neoaeau, oi?ie?iaaiey).
A i?ioeanna iinoaiiaee caaea/ ooaa caienuaaao oeacaiey ia/aeueieea
(eiiaiaee?a), i?iaa?yao oyniaiea caaea/ iiae/eiaiiuie, aeiaiaeeo caaea/e
aei oao eniieieoaeae, eioi?ui ia/aeueiee (eiiaiaee?) ia niia iinoaaeoue
ee/ii.
Iinea iinoaiiaee caaea/ i?aaiecoaony acaeiiaeaenoaea iaaeaeo neoaeaaie,
oi?ie?iaaieyie iauaeoa, /anoyie AI e Niaaoneie A?iee, auaeaeaiiuie aeey
?aaiou ia iauaeoa. I?aaiecaoeey e iiaeaea?aeaiea iaiin?aaenoaaiiiai
acaeiiaeaenoaey yaeyaony aaaeiaeoae iaycaiiinoueth ia/aeueieeia,
eiiaiaee?ia e eo ooaaia. Eiiaiaee?u oi?ie?iaaiee i?aaiecotho
acaeiiaeaenoaea iaaeaeo iiae?acaeaeaieyie.
Iniiau acaeiiaeaenoaey caeeaaeuaathony i?e iinoaiiaea caaea/
iiae/eiaiiui e i?aaiecothony ii oeaeyi (caaea/ai), ianoo e a?aiaie, ai
acaeiiie iiaeaea?aeea i?e auiieiaiee iinoaaeaiiuo caaea/.
Acaeiiaeaenoaea n/eoaaony i?aaieciaaiiui eeoue oiaaea, eiaaea
acaeiiaeaenoaothuea i?aaiu e neeu AN ciatho iauoth caaea/o e caiunae
aeaenoaee auoanoiyuaai ia/aeueieea, niaea?aeaiea caaea/ ae?oa ae?oaa,
niiniau e a?aiy niaianoiuo aeaenoaee ii eo auiieiaieth, eiatho iaaeaeo
niaie e noa?oei ia/aeueieeii iaaeaaeioth naycue e iiaoo naiaa?aiaiii
inouanoaeoue acaeiioth eioi?iaoeeth e auno?i i?eiaieoue o?aaoaiia
eiee/anoai neaiaeia acaeiiaeaenoaey.
Oi/iia ciaiea ianoaiiaee e i?aae aeaeaiea aa eciaiaiee yaeyaony oi?a oae
i?aaeiinueeie aeey oniaoiie ?aaiou ia/aeueieea (eiiaiaee?a) e aai ooaaa
ii iiaea?aeaieth onoie/eaiai acaeiiaeaenoaey. Ia/aeueiee (eiiaiaee?),
i?aaiecoy acaeiiaeaenoaea, aeie aeai niaeaniaaoue ii?yaeie auaeaeaeaiey
nee AI e i/aao ii?aaeaiey e eo aeaenoaey i?e i?aiaeieaiee cii
ca?aaeaiey, iiaea?ia e ae?oaeo i?aiyonoaee ia ia?o?ooao aeaeaeaiey,
a?aiy i?ioiaeaeaiey enoiaeiiai ioieoa e ioieoia ?aaoee?iaaiey.
A i/aaa ii?aaeaiey ooi/iyaony e niaeanoaony ii?yaeie i?iaaaeaiey
?acaaaeee, ono?ienoai i?ioiaeia e i?iacaeia a caaaeao, ii?yaeie
eieaeecaoeee e oooaiey iiaea?ia, ane?uoey caueoiuo nii?oaeaiee,
eieaeecaoeee aaa?ee, ecaea/aiey ii?aaeaiiuo ec caaaeia e ?ac?ooaiiuo
caeaiee, ieacaiey ia?aie iaaeeoeeineie iiiiue e auiieiaiey ae?oaeo
?aaio. Iniaiai aieiaiey o?aaoao niaeaniaaiea ?aciauaiey ioieoia
oi?aaeaiey neoaea e oi?ie?iaaiee, i?aaiecaoeey nayce e iiiaauaiey e
neaiaeia oi?aaeaiey.
Oi?aaeaiea a oiaea nianaoaeueiuo ?aaio i?aaiecoaony n ioieoa oi?aaeaiey
iauaeoa eee ioieoa ?acaa?ouaaaiiai ia o/anoea ?aaio.
Aeey iaania/aiey ii?yaeea i?e i?iaaaeaiee ia?ii?eyoee AI ooaa i?aaiecoao
eiiaiaeaioneoth neoaeao. A caaeneiinoe io oa?aeoa?a e niaea?aeaiey
aeayoaeueiinoe eiiaiaeaioneay neoaeaa i?aaiecoaony aeey niaethaeaiey
?aaeeiia iiaaaeaiey ianaeaiey ia ca?aaeaiiie oa??eoi?ee e
naaoiianee?iaee, i?e oe?uoee ?aai/eo e neoaeaueo a caueoiuo nii?oaeaieyo
ii neaiaeo «Aicaeooiay o?aaiaa», i?e i?iaaaeaiee ?ann?aaeioi/aiey e
yaaeoaoeee, oneeaiee io?aiu iauaeoa, ia ia?o?ooao auaeaeaeaiey e ia
o/anoeao nianaoaeueiuo ?aaio. Aeey ianaiey eiiaiaeaioneie neoaeau
i?eaeaeathony oi?ie?iaaiey neoaeau io?aiu iauanoaaiiiai ii?yaeea
iauaeoa, a i?e iaiaoiaeeiinoe e ae?oaea oi?ie?iaaiey.
Aaaeiia ianoi a ?aaioa i?aaiia oi?aaeaiey caieiaao eiio?ieue ca
auiieiaieai iinoaaeaiiuo caaea/ e ieacaiea iiiiue iiae/eiaiiui a eo
auiieiaiee. Eiio?ieue iiaeao inouanoaeyoueny iooai auacaea (auoiaea)
aeieaeiinoiuo eeoe a iiae/eiaiiua i?aaiu oi?aaeaiey e neeu, eco/aiey
onoiuo (ienueiaiiuo) aeieeaaeia (aeiianaiee) e ae?oaeo aeieoiaioia,
iooai i?yiuo ia?aaiai?ia n iiae/eiaiiuie ii eaiaeai nayce, auciaa
iiae/eiaiiuo aeey aeieeaaea e auoanoiyuaio ia/aeueieeo.
A nia?aiaiiuo oneiaeyo nouanoa aaiiui ia?acii aic?anoaao ?ieue
oi?aaeaiey, aai onoie/eainoue e aunieay iia?aoeaiinoue.
*oiau auoue ia o?iaia nia?aiaiiuo o?aaiaaiee, iaiaoiaeeii iinoiyiii
niaa?oainoaiaaoue no?oeoo?o i?aaiia e ioieoia oi?aaeaiey, aeiaeaaoueny
iniauaiey eo iiaaeoeie oaoie/aneeie n?aaenoaaie nayce e oi?aaeaiey,
niaa?oainoaiaaoue i?aaiecaoeeth e iaoiaeu ?aaiou anao aeieaeiinoiuo
eeoe, ?acaeaaoue e iaiauaoue iiuo oai?ee e i?aeoeee oi?aaeaiey AI,
oeo/oaoue nenoaio iiaeaioiaee ?oeiaiaeyuaai ninoaaa ii a?aaeaeaineie
iai?iia.
Iniiau nianaoaeueiuo e iaioeiaeiuo aaa?eeii- ainnoaiiaeoaeueiuo ?aaio
Iineaaenoaey i?eiaiaiey i?ioeaieeii i?oaeey ianniaiai ii?aaeaiey ii
iauaeoai ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa iiaoo auoue naiua ?aciiia?aciua. Iie
caaenyo io aeaea i?oaeey e ianooaaia aai i?eiaiaiey.
Nianaoaeueiua e iaioeiaeiua aaa?eeii-ainnoaiiaeoaeueiua ?aaiou (NIAA?) a
i/aaao yaea?iiai, oeie/aneiai, aaeoa?eieiae/aneiai (aeieiae/aneiai) e
eiiaeie?iaaiiiai ii?aaeaiey aoaeoo i?iaiaeeoueny a neiaeiie ianoaiiaea,
a oneiaeyo iieiuo e neeueiuo ?ac?ooaiee, nieioiuo caaaeia, iiaea?ia,
ca?aaeaiey aoiinoa?u e ianoiinoe e aiciiaeiiai caoiieaiey.
NIAA? i?iaiaeyony n oeaeueth: nianaiey ethaeae e ieacaiey iiiiue
ii?aaeaiiui, eieaeecaoeee aaa?ee e ono?aiaiey iia?aaeaeaiee,
i?aiyonoaothueo i?iaaaeaieth nianaoaeueiuo ?aaio, nicaeaiey oneiaee aeey
i?iaaaeaiey ainnoaiiaeoaeueiuo ?aaio. Aeey i?aaiecaoeee aieaa
yooaeoeaiiai oi?aaeaiey i?iaaaeaieai NIAA? n o/aoii eo oa?aeoa?a e
iauaia, ?aoeeiiaeueiiai eniieueciaaiey eiathueony nee e n?aaenoa ia
oa??eoi?ee iauaeoa ii?aaeaeythony ianoa ?aaio, o/eouaay iniaaiiinoe
oa??eoi?ee iauaeoa, oa?aeoa? ieaie?iaee e cano?ieee, ?aniieiaeaiea
caueoiuo nii?oaeaiee e oaoiieiae/aneeo eiiioieeaoeee, a oaeaea
o?ainii?oiuo iaaeno?aeae. Nianaoaeueiua e iaioeiaeiua
aaa?eeii-ainnoaiiaeoaeueiua ?aaiou eiatho ?acee/iia niaea?aeaiea, ii
i?iaiaeyony, eae i?aaeei, iaeiia?aiaiii.
Niaea?aeaiea nianaoaeueiuo ?aaio: aaaeaiea ?acaaaeee ia?o?ooia
auaeaeaeaiey oi?ie?iaaiee e o/anoeia (iauaeoia) ?aaio; eieaeecaoeey e
oooaiea iiaea?ia ia o/anoeao (iauaeoao) i?iaaaeaiey ?aaio e ia iooyo
auoiaea e iei; ?icune ii?aaeaiiuo e ecaea/aiea eo ec caaaeia,
iia?aaeaeaiiuo e ai?yueo caeaiee, caaaciaaiiuo e caaeuieaiiuo iiiauaiee;
ane?uoea ?ac?ooaiiuo, iia?aaeaeaiiuo, caaaeaiiuo caueoiuo nii?oaeaiee e
nianaiea iaoiaeyueony a ieo ethaeae, a oaeaea iiaea/a aicaeooa a
caaaeaiiua caueoiua nii?oaeaiey, ieacaiea ia?aie iaaeeoeeineie e ia?aie
a?a/aaiie iiiiue ii?aaeaiiui ethaeyi e yaaeoaoeey eo a ea/aaiua
o/?aaeaeaiey; auaiae ianaeaiey ec iianiuo iano (neeueii ca?aaeaiiuo e
caoaieeaaaiuo ?aeiiia) a aaciianiua (iaiaa ca?aaeaiiua) eee ia
ca?aaeaiiua ?aeiiu; naieoa?iay ia?aaioea ethaeae e iaacca?aaeeaaiea eo
iaeaaeaeu, oa??eoi?ee, nii?oaeaiee e oaoieee.
Niaea?aeaiea iaioeiaeiuo aaa?eeii-ainnoaiiaeoaeueiuo ?aaio: i?ieeaaeea
eieiiiuo iooae e ono?ienoai i?iacaeia a caaaeao e ia ca?aaeaiiuo
o/anoeao; eieaeecaoeey aaa?ee ia aaciauo, yia?aaoe/aneeo e ae?oaeo
naoyo; oe?aieaiea eee ia?ooaiea eiino?oeoeee caeaiee e nii?oaeaiee,
oa?iaeathueo iaaaeii, i?aiyonoaothueo aaciianiiio aeaeaeaieth e
i?iaaaeaieth nianaoaeueiuo ?aaio; ainnoaiiaeaiea e ?aiiio iia?aaeaeaiiuo
caueoiuo nii?oaeaiee aeey caueou ethaeae io aiciiaeiuo iiaoi?iuo
yaea?iuo oaea?ia i?ioeaieea.
NIAA? i?aaiecotho a ieieiaeueii ei?ioeea n?iee e i?iaiaeyo iai?a?uaii
aeiai e ii/ueth, a ethaoth iiaiaeo, aei iieiiai eo caaa?oaiey. Yoi
o?aaoao io ia/aeueieea AI, ooaaa, neoaea e oi?ie?iaaiee aunieie
i?aaieciaaiiinoe, a io ee/iiai ninoaaa aunieie ii?aeueii –
ineoieiae/aneie noieeinoe, oece/aneie auiineeainoe e iiaeeecaoeee anao
nee.
Oniaoiia i?iaaaeaiea nianaoaeueiuo e iaioeiaeiuo
aaa?eeii-ainnoaiiaeoaeueiuo ?aaio aeinoeaaaony: naiaa?aiaiiie
i?aaiecaoeeae e iai?a?uaiui aaaeaieai ?acaaaeee; nicaeaieai a?oiie?iaee
nee e n?aaenoa, auno?ui eo auaeaeaeaieai ia o/anoie (iauaeo) ?aaio;
ii?aeueii-ineoieiae/aneie e iieeoe/aneie iiaeaioiaeie ee/iiai ninoaaa
i?aaiia oi?aaeaiey e oi?ie?iaaiee; aeoeaiui o/anoeai ianaeaiey a
i?iaaaeaiee nianaoaeueiuo ?aaio e oiaieai ieacuaaoue ia?aoth
iaaeeoeeineoth iiiiuue ii?aaeaiiui; oiaeui ?oeiaiaenoaii ni noi?iiu
ia/aeueieeia ooaaia e neoaea AI aeayoaeueiinoueth iiae/eiaiiuo i?e
i?aaiecaoeee e i?iaaaeaiee NIAA?; i?aaiecaoeeae e iiaeaea?aeaieai
iai?a?uaiiai acaeiiaeaenoaey i?aaiia oi?aaeaiey, oi?ie?iaaiee e ae?oaeo
nee e n?aaenoa, i?eaeaeaaiuo e nianaoaeueiui e iaioeiaeiui
aaa?eeii-ainnoaiiaeoaeueiui ?aaioai.
A?oiie?iaea nee e n?aaenoa AI aeey i?aaieciaaiiiai i?iaaaeaiey NIAA?
nicaeaaony a ie?iia a?aiy ?aoaieai ia/aeueieea AI ?aeiia. Ninoaa e
iino?iaiea a?oiie?iaee ooi/iythony i?e oa?ica iaiaaeaiey i?ioeaieea, a
oaeaea iinea iaianaiey yaea?iuo oaea?ia a niioaaonoaee ni neiaeeaoaeny
ianoaiiaeie, iaee/eai e ninoiyieai nio?aieaoeony nee e n?aaenoa e
iauaiii ?aaio a i/aaao ii?aaeaiey.
A a?oiie?iaeo nee aeeth/athony iauaeoiaua e oa??eoi?eaeueiua
oi?ie?iaaiey ai?iaeneeo e naeueneeo ?aeiiia, a oaeaea aieineea /anoe AI.
Iia iiaeao ninoiyoue ec oi?ie?iaaiee ia?aiai yoaeiia, aoi?iai yoaeiia e
?aca?aa. Oi?ie?iaaiey, aoiaeyuea a ninoaa yoaeiiia, ?ani?aaeaeythony ii
niaiai n niaethaeaieai oeaeinoiinoe eo i?aaiecaoeeiiiie no?oeoo?u e
i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai i?eioeeia. Ninoaa yoaeiiia; eiee/anoai e ninoaa niai
ii?aaeaeythony enoiaey ec eiie?aoiie ianoaiiaee neiaeeaoaeny a i/aaao
ii?aaeaiey, a oaeaea iaee/ey nee e n?aaenoa.
A ia?eiae i?eaaaeaiey AI a aioiaiinoue ia/aeueiee, ooaa e neoaeau AN
iauaeoa i?iaiaeyo ia?ii?eyoey, i?aaeoniio?aiiua ieaiii. Ii
?anii?yaeaieth noa?oaai ia/aeueieea AI i?aaiecotho auaiae oi?ie?iaaiey a
caai?iaeioth ciio, a ca?aiaa onoaiiaeaiiua ?aeiiu ?aniieiaeaiey. A
caai?iaeiie ciia oi?ie?iaaiey ?aniieaaathony a ianaeaiiuo ioieoao eee ia
ianoiinoe, eiathuae anoanoaaiiua oe?uoey. A ?aeiia ?aniieiaeaiey
nio?aiythony i?aaiecaoeeiiiay no?oeoo?a e oeaeinoiinoue oi?ie?iaaiee;
iaania/eaathony iaaeaaeiay caueoa ee/iiai ninoaaa e oaoieee io
aicaeaenoaey i?oaeey ianniaiai ii?aaeaiey, oaeianoai ?aciauaiey e
ioaeuoa aeaaii?eyoiua naieoa?ii-yieaeaie/aneea oneiaey. Nicaeathony
oneiaey aeey auno?iai nai?a oi?ie?iaaiee, iiaeaioaaeeaathony iooe aeey
auaeaeaeaiey oi?ie?iaaiee e iauaeoai ?aaio. A ?aeiia ?aniieiaeaiey
i?aaiecoaony iaaethaeaiea ca ca?aaeaiiinoueth aiaoiae n?aaeu e
ananoi?iiiaa iaania/aiea.
Oi?ie?iaaiey, auaeaeaiiua ?aoaieai noa?oaai ia/aeueieea, onei?aiii
no?iyo i?ioeai?aaeeaoeeiiiua oe?uoey aeey ianaeaiey e i?eniinaaeeaatho
i?eaiaeiua aeey yoeo oeaeae nii?oaeaiey.
Anee oi?ie?iaaiey ?aniieaaathony a ianaeaiiii ioieoa, oi ia
i?aaeiieaaaaiii iai?aaeaiee auaeaeaeaiey;
i/aao ii?aaeaiey iacia/aaony ?aeii nai?a oi?ie?iaaiee.
Auaeaeaeaiea oi?ie?iaaiee e i/aao ii?aaeaiey. Oi?ie?iaaiey iiaoo
auaeaeaaoueny a ninoaaa iauae eieiiiu nee AI ?aeiia eee naiinoiyoaeueii.
A ia?aii neo/aa ii?yaeie auaeaeaeaiey ii?aaeaeyaony ia/aeueieeii AI
?aeiia, ai aoi?ii – ia/aeueieeii a?aaeaeaineie iai?iiu iauaeoa. Aei
ia/aea auaeaeaeaiey oi?ie?iaaiey auaiaeyony a ?aeii nai?a, eioi?ue
iacia/aaony caaeaaia?aiaiii a iaiin?aaenoaaiiie aeecinoe io ia?o?ooa
aeaeaeaiey.
Ooaa e neoaeau AI iauaeoa i?aaiecotho oi?aaeaiea iiae/eiaiiuie e
acaeiiaeaenoaothueie oi?ie?iaaieyie, aiaeece?otho iieo/aiiua e
iinooiathuea aeaiiua ia ianoaiiaea, i?iecaiaeyo ?an/aou aiciiaeiiai
iauaia nianaoaeueiuo e iaioeiaeiuo aaa?eeii-ainnoaiiaeoaeueiuo ?aaio e
ii?aaeaeytho iaiaoiaeeiia eiee/anoai nee e n?aaenoa aeey eo auiieiaiey.
Naiaa?aiaiii aeiaiaeyo ana ?anii?yaeaiey e caaea/e aei oi?ie?iaaiee,
ieacuaatho iaiaoiaeeioth iiiiuue e inouanoaeytho eiio?ieue ca eo
auiieiaieai. Eioi?ie?otho auoanoiyuee ooaa i nicaeaaoaeny ianoaiiaea e
aa eciaiaieyo, a oaeaea aeaenoaeyo nee e n?aaenoa iauaeoa.
Caaea/e oi?ie?iaaieyi ia auaeaeaeaiea e i?iaaaeaiea nianaoaeueiuo e
iaioeiaeiuo aaa?eeii-ainnoaiiaeoaeueiuo ?aaio noaaeo ia/aeueiee AI
iauaeoa. Eiiaiaee? oi?ie?iaaiey, iieo/ea caaea/o ia auaeaeaeaiea e
i?iaaaeaiea NIAA?, iinea aa oyniaiey e i?eiyoey ?aoaiey noaaeo caaea/e
iiae/eiaiiui, ioaeaao iaiaoiaeeiua ?anii?yaeaiey e i?aaiecoao
auaeaeaeaiea oi?ie?iaaiey a i/aa ii?aaeaiey.
Oi?ie?iaaiey iauaeoa aeey auaeaeaeaiey e i/aao ii?aaeaiey auno?aeaathony
a iioiaeioth eieiiio. Ii?yaeie iino?iaiey eieiiiu onoaiaaeeaaaony a
caaeneiinoe io neiaeeaoaeny ianoaiiaee ia ia?o?ooao aeaeaeaiey e
o/anoeao (iauaeoao) ?aaio. Iaeei ec aiciiaeiuo aa?eaioia iino?iaiey
eieiiiu: ?acaaaeea, io?yae iaania/aiey aeaeaeaiey (IIAe), eieiiia
aeaaiuo nee (ia?aue yoaeii, aoi?ie yoaeii), ?aca?au, oaoie/aneia
caiueaiea.
Eiiaiaee? oi?ie?iaaiey ee/ii ?oeiaiaeeo auaeaeaeaieai oi?ie?iaaiey. Ii
i?iaa?yao aioiaiinoue aai e aeaeaeaieth e ioaeaao ?anii?yaeaiea ia
ia/aei auaeaeaeaiey. A oiaea auaeaeaeaiey eiiaiaee? oi?ie?iaaiey
iaoiaeeony a aieiaa eieiiiu. N iiiiuueth ?aaeei e neaiaeueiuo n?aaenoa
ii iiaeaea?aeeaaao iinoiyiioth naycue e inouanoaeyao oi?aaeaiea
oi?ie?iaaieai e i?eaeaiiuie n?aaenoaaie, iiaeaea?aeeaaao onoaiiaeaiiue
ii?yaeie e ia?u aaciianiinoe, neaaeeo ca niaethaeaieai onoaiiaeaiiie
nei?inoe aeaeaeaiey, naiaa?aiaiiui i?ioiaeaeaieai enoiaeiiai ioieoa e
ioieoia ?aaoee?iaaiey. A neo/aa eciaiaiey ianoaiiaee ia ia?o?ooa
iaiaaeeaiii aeieeaaeuaaao ooaao eee ia/aeueieeo AI e eioi?ie?oao
i?eaeaiiua oi?ie?iaaiey e ninaaeae.
A ia?aoth i/a?aaeue caaea/e noaayony ?acaaaeea e oi?ie?iaaieyi,
aoiaeyuei ainnoaa IIAe. ?acaaaeea oeacuaaaony, eaeea aeaiiua e e eaeiio
a?aiaie aeiauoue, a io?yaeo iaania/aiey aeaeaeaiey – ninoaa, ia?o?oo
aeaeaeaiey, a?aiy i?ioiaeaeaiey enoiaeiiai ?oaaaea (ioieoa), caaea/e ii
iaania/aieth auaeaeaeaiey nee e n?aaenoa e iauaeoai ?aaio, ii?yaeie
aeaenoaey iinea auiieiaiey caaea/e. A ninoaa io?yaea iaania/aiey
aeaeaeaiey (iaeei ia eaaeaeue ia?o?oo) auaeaeythony oi?ie?iaaiey iauaai
iacia/aiey, oneeaiiua oi?ie?iaaieyie neoaea.
Aeaeaaynue ii oeacaiiiio ia?o?ooo, io?yae ia iniiaaiee aeaiiuo
?acaaaeee, ainnoaiaaeeaaao ?ac?ooaiiua o/anoee aei?ia, i?ieeaaeuaaao
eieiiiua iooe a iaoiae caaaeia, ?ac?ooaiee, iiaea?ia, cii n aunieeie
o?iaiyie ?aaeeaoeee, ainnoaiaaeeaaao e iai?oaeoao ia?ai?aau ono?aeaaao
i?iacaeu a caaaeao; eieaeecoao e oooeo iiaea?u, e?aieo eee ia?ooeaaao
eiino?oeoeee caeaiee, a?icyuea iaaaeii. Aeaaiua oneeey IIAe
nin?aaeioi/eaaao ia iaania/aiee naiaa?aiaiiiai auaeaeaeaiey nee AI e
i/aao ii?aaeaiey e auno?iai aaiaea eo ia iauaeo ?aaio. Iinea auiieiaiey
yoeo caaea/ n auoiaeii e ii?aaeaiiiio iauaeoo io?yae i?eaeaeaaony e
nianaoaeueiui ?aaioai.
Ca io?yaeii iaania/aiey aeaeaeaiey auaeaeaathony aeaaiua neeu AI
iauaeoa. Ai aeaaa eieiiiu iau/ii auaeaeaaaony ia/aeueiee AI iauaeoa, aai
ooaa e ia/aeueieee neoaea. Iie i?eieiatho ana ia?u e oiio, /oiau
oi?ie?iaaiey iauaeoa a ninoiyiee iieiie aioiaiinoe e i?iaaaeaieth NIAA?
e a onoaiiaeaiiia a?aiy auoee e i/aao ii?aaeaiey. Ia/aeueiee AI ia
iniiaaiee aiaeeca iieo/aiiuo aeaiiuo e neiaeeaoaeny ianoaiiaee ia
ia?o?ooa aeaeaeaiey ioaeaao iaiaoiaeeiua ?anii?yaeaiey i i?aiaeieaiee
eee iaoiaea cii ca?aaeaiey, ?ac?ooaiiuo o/anoeia ia?o?ooa, ia?ai?aa,
o/anoeia caaaeia e iiaea?ia. Eiiaiaee?u oi?ie?iaaiee iaania/eaatho
naiaa?aiaiiue auoiae oi?ie?iaaiee e i/aao ii?aaeaiey e i?aaieciaaiiue
aaiae eo ia iauaeo ?aaio.
Aaiae oi?ie?iaaiee a i/aa yaea?iiai ii?aaeaiey. Ia?auie a i/aa
ii?aaeaiey aoiaeyo ?acaaaeuaaoaeueiua oi?ie?iaaiey. A i/aaa ii?aaeaiey
?acaaae/eee ii?aaeaeytho o?iaie ?aaeeaoeee, iouneeaatho oaaaeeua e
oe?uoey, onoaiaaeeaatho eo ninoiyiea e ninoiyiea oe?uaaaiuo a ieo
ethaeae, ii?aaeaeytho iaeiaiaa iianiua iooe aeaeaeaiey ia oa??eoi?eth
i/aaa ii?aaeaiey. Aeey ii?aaeaeaiey ianoiiaoiaeaeaiey caaaeaiiuo
caueoiuo nii?oaeaiee eniieuecotho oeacaoaee, iaaeiene, nio?aieaoeany
i?eaioe?u, ae?oaea oa?aeoa?iua i?eciaee, a oaeaea noaio i?eaycee
caueoiuo nii?oaeaiee e iacaaaeeaaaiui i?eaioe?ai.
E?iia yoiai, ?acaaae/eee ii?aaeaeytho oa?aeoa? ?ac?ooaiee, iiaea?ia e
aaa?ee ia eiiioiaeueii-yia?aaoe/aneeo naoyo, iaicia/atho ianoa, iianiua
aeey ?aaiou oi?ie?iaaiee, iouneeaatho iiiauaiey, i?eaiaeiua aeey
?aciauaiey ii?aaeaiiuo ethaeae. ?acoeueoaou ?acaaaeee i/aaa yaea?iiai
ii?aaeaiey eiiaiaee? ?acaaaeuaaoaeueiiai oi?ie?iaaiey aeieeaaeuaaao
ia/aeueieeo AI iauaeoa e ia/aeueieeo ooaaa.
I?e iiaeoiaea nee a?aaeaeaineie iai?iiu e i/aao ii?aaeaiey ia/aeueiee AI
iauaeoa ia iniiaaiee aeaiiuo, iieo/aiiuo io ?acaaaeee, eioi?iaoeee
noa?oaai ia/aeueieea e ninaaeae i?e iaiaoiaeeiinoe ooi/iyao caaea/e
oi?ie?iaaieyi e i?aaiecoao auno?ue eo auoiae ia o/anoee (iauaeou) ?aaio.
Eiiaiaee?u oi?ie?iaaiee ooi/iytho caaea/e iiae?acaeaeaieyi naiaai
oi?ie?iaaiey e aaiaeyo eo ia o/anoie (iauaeo) ?aaio.
Aei ono?ienoaa i?ioiaeia, i?iacaeia (anee i?iacae o?ainii?oiuo n?aaenoa
iaaiciiaeai) ee/iue ninoaa nianaoaeueiuo oi?ie?iaaiee, oneeaiiuo
naieoa?iuie ae?oaeeiaie, niaoeaaaony n o?ainii?oiuo n?aaenoa e n oiaeo
aaiaeeony a i/aa yaea?iiai ii?aaeaiey aeey ?icunea ii?aaeaiiuo e
ieacaiey ei ia?aie iaaeeoeeineie iiiiue. Iinea ono?ienoaa i?iacaeia
naiaeiua io?yaeu iaoaiecaoeey ?aaio, eiaeaia?iua e aaa?eeii-oaoie/aneea
oi?ie?iaaiey aaiaeyony aac i?iiaaeeaiey aeey eieaeecaoeee aaa?ee ia
eiiioiaeueii-yia?aaoe/aneeo e oaoiieiae/aneeo naoyo.
Ii ia?a ono?aiaiey i?aiyonoaee ia iooyo iiaeoiaea e o/anoeai (iauaeoai)
?aaio auaeaeaathony e inoaeueiua neeu e n?aaenoaa iauaeoa. Anee
i?aiyonoaee (?ac?ooaiee, caaaeia) ia iooyo iiaeoiaea iao, oi aaiae
oi?ie?iaaiee ia o/anoee (iauaeou) ?aaio inouanoaeyaony ia o?ainii?oiuo
n?aaenoaao n oiaeo. Ee/iue ninoaa oi?ie?iaaiee niaoeaaaony n
o?ainii?oiuo n?aaenoa aeey i?iaaaeaiey NIAA? iaiin?aaenoaaiii a i/aaa
yaea?iiai ii?aaeaiey.
Nianaoaeueiua ?aaiou a i/aaa yaea?iiai ii?aaeaiey.
Iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue, i?eaiu e niiniau auiieiaiey nianaoaeueiuo ?aaio
ii ii?aaeaeythony ia/aeueieeii AI iauaeoa e eiiaiaee?aie oi?ie?iaaiee a
caaeneiinoe io ianoaiiaee a i/aaa yaea?iiai ii?aaeaiey: oa?aeoa?a
?ac?ooaiey caeaiee e nii?oaeaiee, aaa?ee ia eiiioiaeueii-yia?aaoe/aneeo
e oaoiieiae/aneeo naoyo, o?iaiae ?aaeeiaeoeaiiai ca?aaeaiey, oa?aeoa?a e
eioaineaiinoe iiaea?ia, ae?oaeo oaeoi?ia e oneiaee, aeeythueo ia
i?iaaaeaiea ?aaio.
Ia/aeueiee AI e eiiaiaee?u oi?ie?iaaiee ia?aae ia/aeii nianaoaeueiuo
?aaio onoaiaaeeaatho iaeaieaa oeaeaniia?aciua i?eaiu e niiniau
auiieiaiey ?aaio, ii?aaeaeytho ii?yaeie eniieueciaaiey iaoei e
iaoaieciia, a oaeaea ae?oaeo n?aaenoa iaoaiecaoeee e ianoa eo
?acaa?ouaaiey. A oiaea i?iaaaeaiey nianaoaeueiuo ?aaio eiiaiaee?u
oi?ie?iaaiee aaaeoo ?acaaaeeo o/anoeia (iauaeoia) ?aaio, ooi/iytho iauai
?aaio e iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue eo i?iaaaeaiey, i?eaiu e niiniau nianaiey
ethaeae ec caaaeia e ai?yueo caeaiee, caueoiuo nii?oaeaiee, niiniau
eieaeecaoeee iiaea?ia, ii?yaeie eniieueciaaiey oaoieee.
Ono?ienoai i?iacaeia e i?ioiaeia e oooaiea iiaea?ia. A ia?aoth i/a?aaeue
i?iaiaeyony ?aaiou ii ono?ienoao i?iacaeia e i?ioiaeia e caueoiui
nii?oaeaieyi, iia?aaeaeaiiui e ?ac?ooaiiui caeaieyi e nii?oaeaieyi, aaea
iiaoo iaoiaeeoueny ii?aaeaiiua ethaee, a oaeaea a ianoao aaa?ee,
i?aiyonoaothueo eee cao?oaeiythueo i?iaaaeaiea NIAA?.
Aeey ono?ienoaa i?iacaeia (i?ioiaeia) eniieuecothony oi?ie?iaaiey
iaoaiecaoeee. Anee caaae ianoiue, iacia/eoaeueiue, i?iacae (i?ioiae) a
iai i?iaeaeuaaaony iooai ?an/enoee i?iacaeae /anoe io iaeiieia, a i?e
nieioiuo caaaeao aunioie aieaa 1 i – i?iacae i?ieeaaeuaaaony ii caaaeo.
Aeey iaeiinoi?iiiaai aeaeaeaiey i?iacae ono?aeaaaony oe?eiie 3-3,5 i,
aeey aeaoonoi?iiiaai – 6-6,5 i. I?e iaeiinoi?iiiai aeaeaeaiee /a?ac
eaaeaeua 150- 200 i aeaeathony ?acuacaeu i?ioyaeaiiinoueth 15-20 i.
?aaiou ii i?ieeaaeea i?iacaeia e i?ioiaeia iau/ii auiieiythony
aoeueaeica?ii – yeneaaaoi?iuie e e?aiiai-iia?oci/iuie caaiueyie.
E?oiii?acia?iua yeaiaiou oaeaeythony, iiaa?oiinoue caaaeia
?ac?aaieaaaony e oieioiyaony. I?ioeaiiiaea?iua oi?ie?iaaiey i?enooiatho
e eieaeecaoeee e oooaieth iiaea?ia. Ia o/anoeao (iauaeoao) ?aaio
eieaeecotho e oooao iiaea?u iniiaiua neeu i?ioeaiiiaea?iie neoaeau.
I?ioeaiiiaea?iua oi?ie?iaaiey e o/anoeai (iauaeoai) ?aaio auaeaeaathony
iaeiia?aiaiii n aoeueaeica?ii – yeneaaaoi?iuie caaiueyie e a ia?aoth
i/a?aaeue oooao e eieaeecotho iiaea?u oai, aaea iaoiaeyony ethaee (o
aoiaeia a caueoiua nii?oaeaiey, ia iai?aaeaieyo aaiaea e ?aaiou
oi?ie?iaaiee, ia iooyo yaaeoaoeee ii?aaeaiiuo ethaeae). I?e
iaiaoiaeeiinoe /anoue iiaea?iuo iaoei iiaeao eniieueciaaoueny aeey
ia?aea/ee aiaeu ec oaeaeaiiuo enoi/ieeia.
Eieaeecaoeeae, oooaieai iiaea?ia iaania/eaatho oniaoiue aaiae
oi?ie?iaaiee a i/aa yaea?iiai ii?aaeaiey e i?iaaaeaiea nianaoaeueiuo e
iaioeiaeiuo aaa?eeii-ainnoaiiaeoaeueiuo ?aaio.
Nianaiea ethaeae ec ?ac?ooaiiuo e caaaeaiiuo oaaaeeu. Iiene e nianaiea
ethaeae ia/eiaaony n?aco iinea aaiaea oi?ie?iaaiee ia o/anoie (iauaeo)
?aaio. Ee/iue ninoaa oi?ie?iaaiee ?acuneeaaao e nianaao ii?aaeaiiuo
ethaeae, ?acae?aao caaaeu a?o/ioth n iiiiuueth n?aaenoa iaeie
iaoaiecaoeee, a naieoa?iua ae?oaeeiu ieacuaatho ii?aaeaiiui ethaeyi
ia?aoth iaaeeoeeineoth iiiiuue. Iiaeaioaaeeaathony ianoa aeey onoaiiaee
i?eaeaeaaiie oaoieee (aaoie?aiia, yeneaaaoi?ia, eiii?anni?iuo noaioeee e
ae?oaie niaoeeaeueiie oaoieee). Eiiaiaee?u oi?ie?iaaiee ?oeiaiaeyo
nianaoaeueiuie ?aaioaie, noaayo aeiiieieoaeueiua caaea/e iiae/eiaiiui e
i?eaeaiui oi?ie?iaaieyi. Eioi?ie?otho ia/aeueieea AI iauaeoa i oiaea
i?iaaaeaiey ?aaio.
Aeey onoaiiaeaiey nayce n oe?uaathueieny a oaaaeeuao eniieuecothony
nio?aieaoeany n?aaenoaa nayce, aicaeooicaai?iua ioaa?noey
(ia?aaiaa?eaathony /a?ac ieo); ia?anooeeaathony /a?ac aeaa?e, noaiu,
o?oau aiaeiniaaaeaiey e ioiieaiey.
Oaaaeeaoenue a oii, /oi a oaaaeeua iaoiaeyony ethaee, a aoiaeu, auoiaeu
e iaieiaee oaaaeeua caaaeaiu, i?eieiaaony ?aoaiea i nianaiee ethaeae. A
ia?aoth i/a?aaeue a oaaaeeua iiaeaaony aicaeoo. Aeey iiaea/e aicaeooa a
oaaaeeua ?an/euatho aicaeooicaai?iua eaiaeu eee i?iaeaeuaatho ioaa?noey
a noaia eee ia?ae?uoee e iiaeatho aicaeoo eiii?anni?aie.
Aeey nianaiey ethaeae ec caaaeaiiuo oaaaeeu e oe?uoee iineaaeiea
iaiaoiaeeii ane?uaaoue. Niiniau ane?uoee ii?aaeaeyao eiiaiaee?
oi?ie?iaaiey, a caaeneiinoe io oeia e eiino?oeoeee oaaaeeua, a oaeaea
oa?aeoa?a caaaea iaae iei. Niiniau ane?uoey oaaaeeu e oe?uoee: ?acai?ea
caaaea iaae iniiaiui aoiaeii n iineaaeothuei ioe?uaaieai aeaa?e eee
au?aceie a iae ioaa?noey ioeiiea iaieiaea eee ethea aaa?eeiiai auoiaea,
ono?ienoai i?iaiia a noaiao oaaaeeu ec iiaecaiiie aaea?ae; ?acai?ea
caaaea o ia?oaeiie noaiu caeaiey n iineaaeothuae ioeiieie i?eyiea a
a?oioa e i?iaeaeie i?iaia a noaia oaaaeeua, i?iaeaea i?iaia a noaia
oaaaeeua ec ninaaeiaai i?eiueathuaai e iaio iiiauaiey, ?acai?ea caaaea
iaae ia?ae?uoeai oaaaeeua n iineaaeothuae i?iaeaeie a iai i?iaia aeey
auaiaea ethaeae. Oaaaeeua iiaeao ane?uaaoueny ianeieueeeie niiniaaie.
Aeaaiia – nianoe ethaeae a ieieiaeueii ei?ioeia a?aiy eiathueieny neeaie
e n?aaenoaaie.
Aeey iaania/aiey oniaoiiai i?iaaaeaiey ?aaio ii ane?uoeth caaaeaiiiai
caueoiiai nii?oaeaiey iaiaoiaeeii i?iaeaeaoue i?ioiaeu a caaaeao e
iniiaiui aoiaeai eee etheai (iaieiaeai) aaa?eeiuo auoiaeia, ?acia?aoue
iaae ieie caaaeu, naeaeaoue i?ioiaeu e ia?aaeaeathuei eiino?oeoeeyi
oaaaeeu, io?uoue i?eyiee, i?iaeoue i?iaiu (ioaa?noey) a noaiao e
ia?ae?uoeyo.
A oao neo/ayo, eiaaea oaaaeeua ia eiaao aaa?eeiiai auoiaea, a i?eyiie
neeueii e auniei caaaeai, ane?uaaoue oaaaeeua ?aeiiaiaeoaony /a?ac
ia?ae?uoea e a ianoao, aaea caaae eiaao iaeiaiueooth aunioo. Aeey yoiai
iaiaoiaeeii ?acia?aoue caaae o noaiu, iinea /aai io?uoue i?eyiie a
a?oioa, i?iaeoue i?iai a noaia e /a?ac i?iai auaanoe ethaeae ec
oaaaeeua. I?e ane?uoee caueoiuo nii?oaeaiee ?aeiiaiaeoaony oe?iei
eniieueciaaoue iaoeiu e ?acee/iua iaoaieciu. Oae, i?e i?iaeaea i?iaiia a
noaiao caueoiuo nii?oaeaiee eniieuecothony iaoaie/aneea, iiaaiaoe/aneea,
yeaeo?e/aneea eee ?o/iua eino?oiaiou. Ee/iue ninoaa, ?aaioathuee ia
ioeaiuaaiee e ane?uoee caueoiuo nii?oaeaiee, aii?oaeaaony yeaeo?i- e
aacinaa?i/iuie aiia?aoaie, ea?ineii?acaie, iaiaoooeoaeyie e ae?oaei
eino?oiaioii. A oii neo/aa, eiaaea ia aoaeao iaoei eee aeinooi eo e
caueoiui nii?oaeaieyi cao?oaeiai, caaaeaiiua caueoiua nii?oaeaiey
ioeaiuaathony e ane?uaathony a?o/ioth.
Nianaiea ethaeae ec-iiae caaaeia, iia?aaeaeaiiuo e ai?yueo caeaiee. A
i/aaa yaea?iiai ii?aaeaiey ethaee iiaoo ieacaoueny iiae caaaeaie, a
iia?aaeaeaiiuo e ai?yueo caeaieyo. Ia/eiaoue iiene neaaeoao n
ianeaaeiaaiey ia i?eniiniaeaiiuo aeey oe?uoey ethaeae iiaeaaeueiuo
iiiauaiee, ?acee/iuo aei?iaeiuo nii?oaeaiee (o?oau, ethaaou), ia?oaeiuo
ieiiiuo e eanoie/iuo i?eyieia, ieieinoaiiuo i?ino?ainoa ieaeieo yoaaeae
caeaiee.
Ianeaaeiaaoue iaiaoiaeeii aanue o/anoie (iauaeo) ?aaio. I/aiue aaaeii
onoaiiaeoue naycue n ethaeueie iooai ia?aaiai?ia eee ia?anooeeaaieai e
auynieoue eo eiee/anoai e ninoiyiea.
A iia?aaeaeaiiuo caeaieyo iiene ethaeae neaaeoao ia/eiaoue n iniio?a
caeaiey, ioeaiee aai ninoiyiey, ia?auay aieiaiea ia ia?oaeiua noaiu,
aaeeiiu, ea?iecu, eanoie/iua eeaoee e ieiuaaeee. Iiiaiyoaaeiua caeaiey
iaiaoiaeeii ia/eiaoue iniao?eaaoue n ieaeieo yoaaeae: iniio?aoue
aioo?aiiea noaiu, noieau, ia?aai?iaeee, ii?aaeaeeoue ianoiiaoiaeaeaiea
ethaeae e aiciiaeiua niiniau eo yaaeoaoeee ec caeaiey. I?eiyoue
iaiaoiaeeiua ia?u aeey oe?aieaiey iia?aaeaeaiiuo eiino?oeoeee.
Aieueooth iianiinoue aeey ethaeae i?aaenoaaeytho ai?yuea caeaiey. Eo
neaaeoao ianeaaeiaaoue auno?i n niaethaeaieai ia? aaciianiinoe. Aeaa?e a
caaeuieaiiua iiiauaiey ioe?uaaoue inoi?iaeii, /a?ac neeueii caaeuieaiiia
caeaiea i?iaeaeaaoueny iieceii, eniieueciaaoue eciee?othuee eee
oeeueo?othuee i?ioeaiaac n aeiiieieoaeueiui iao?iiii Ethaeae
?aeiiaiaeoaony ?acuneeaaoue iooai ieeeea. Ianoa iaoiaeaeaiey ethaeae
iaicia/aoue niaoeeaeueiuie eee ecaioiaeaiiuie ec iiae?o/iuo iaoa?eaeia
ciaeaie.
Ia?aae ia/aeii ?aaio ii ecaea/aieth ii?aaeaiiuo ethaeae ec-iiae caaaeia
iaiaoiaeeii iniio?aoue caaae, aua?aoue e iaio iiaeoiae, ono?aieoue
aiciiaeiua ia?ooaiey ioaeaeueiuo eiino?oeoeee caeaiee, a oaeaea
iioooeoue oeathuea e ai?yuea iaeiiee ?ac?ooaiiuo caeaiee, oae eae i?e
ai?aiee auaeaeyaony ieenue oaea?iaea, /oi iiaeao i?eaanoe e io?aaeaieth
ethaeae. Niiniau ecaea/aiey ethaeae ec-iiae caaaeia ii?aaeaeyao
eiiaiaee? oi?ie?iaaiey a caaeneiinoe io auniou e ninoiyiey caaaeia,
iaeiaiueoae o?oaeiinoe e aaciianiinoe i?e aai ?acai?ea, a oaeaea ianoa
iaoiaeaeaiey e ninoiyiey ethaeae a caaaea. Aeey ecaea/aiey ethaeae
ec-iiae caaaeia iiaoo i?eiaiyoueny oaeea niiniau, eae ?acai?ea caaaea
naa?oo, ono?ienoai i?ioiaeia (aaea?ae), i?iaeaeuaaiea i?iaiia a noaia.
Ethaeae, iaoiaeyueony a aa?oieo neiyo caaaea, nianatho ?acai?eie caaaea
naa?oo. ?acai?eo i?iaiaeyo inoi?iaeii e oae, /oiau ia auei inaaeie e
ia?aiauaiey ia?ooaiiuo yeaiaioia eiino?oeoeee. Ethaeae inaiaiaeaeatho io
iaeiieia, ioni?a, ae?oaeo aeaoaeae caeaiee, ia i?e/eiyy ei
aeiiieieoaeueiuo iia?aaeaeaiee. A ia?aoth i/a?aaeue inaiaiaeaeatho
aieiao, a?oaeue, iea/e, iiae, ieacuaatho ia?aoth iaaeeoeeineoth iiiiuue
e auiinyo (auaiaeyo) ec iianiie ciiu.
Anee ethaee iaoiaeyony iiae caaaeaie ieiei eee aioo?e caeaiey, oi
i?iaeaeuaatho e iei i?ioiaeu. I?ioiaeu ono?aeaatho a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue o
iaeiie ec aieiauo noai e oai, aaea anoue ionoiou iaaeaeo ia?ooeaoeieny
yeaiaioaie caeaiee. A ia/aea i?ioiae aeaeatho iaaieueoei, a iioii aai
?anoe?ytho aei ?acia?ia, iaiaoiaeeiuo aeey inaiaiaeaeaiey iino?aaeaaoeo
ethaeae. Ono?ienoai i?ioiaeia iaaeaeo e?oiiuie aeuaaie iianii e
aiciiaeii a oii neo/aa, eiaaea aeuau aea?aeaony i?i/ii, ia
i?iaaeeaathony e ia ii?ieeaeuaathony. I?ioiae ia anai iooe oe?aieyaony
noieeaie e ?anii?eaie. Auiin ii?aaeaiiuo ethaeae /a?ac ono?iaiiue
i?ioiae iiaeao inouanoaeyoueny ?acee/iuie niiniaaie: ia ?oeao, ieauao,
a?acaioa, ieaiea, iaeayea, aieieii e ae?oaeie niiniaaie. Ethaeyi
ieacuaaaony ia?aay iaaeeoeeineay iiiiuue, e iie nin?aaeioi/eaathony a
aaciianiuo ?aeiiao.
Aeey ecaea/aiey ethaeae, iaoiaeyueony a i?enoaiiuo i?ino?ainoaao
?ac?ooaiiuo caeaiee, oeaeaniia?acii i?iaiaeeoue i?iaeaeuaaiea i?iaia a
noaia caeaiey. Aia/aea ?an/euatho caaae o ia?oaeiie noaiu, a i?e
iaiaoiaeeiinoe e io?uaatho i?eyiie a a?oioa. Iinea yoiai a noaia
i?iaeaatho i?iai ?acia?ii 0,8 o 0,8i e /a?ac yoio i?iaeaeaiiue i?iai
auiinyo (auaiaeyo) ethaeae, ieacuaatho ei ia?aoth iaaeeoeeineoth iiiiuue
e iai?aaeytho a aaciianioth ciio.
Iaioeiaeiua aaa?eeii-ainnoaiiaeoaeueiua ?aaiou a i/aaa yaea?iiai
ii?aaeaiey i?iaiaeyony n oeaeueth eieaeecaoeee e ono?aiaiey aaa?ee e
iia?aaeaeaiee, eioi?ua cao?oaeiytho i?iaaaeaiea nianaoaeueiuo ?aaio e
iiaoo aucaaoue iiaua aaa?ee e aeiiieieoaeueiia ii?aaeaiea ethaeae.
Aeey yoiai i?eaeaeathony, eae i?aaeei, oi?ie?iaaiey
aiaeii?iaiaeii-eaiaeecaoeeiiiuo naoae, aaa?eeii-aaci- oaoie/aneea,
aaa?eeii-oaoie/aneea ii yeaeo?inaoyi. A ninoaa oi?ie?iaaiee aoiaeyo
caaiuey ii aiaeii?iaiaeiui, eaiaeecaoeeiiiui, oaieiaui, yeaeo?e/aneei,
aaciaui, naioaoie/aneei naoyi. Iie i?eaeaeathony e aaa?eeiui ?aaioai a
niioaaonoaee n eo i?aaeiacia/aieai. I?e eieaeecaoeee e eeeaeaeaoeee
aaa?ee ia eiiioiaeueii-yia?aaoe/aneeo naoyo iauaeoa iiaoo
eniieueciaaoueny aeey auiieiaiey aniiiiaaoaeueiuo ?aaio e oi?ie?iaaiey
iauaai iacia/aiey.
Iaioeiaeiua aaa?eeii-ainnoaiiaeoaeueiua ?aaiou a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue
i?iaiaeyony a ianoao aaa?ee, i?aiyonoaothueo i?iaaaeaieth nianaoaeueiuo
?aaio e oa?iaeathueo aeecie ethaeae (caoiieaiea, caaaciaaiiinoue,
aicieeiiaaiea iiaea?ia). Oniaoiiio i?iaaaeaieth iaioeiaeiuo
aaa?eeii-ainnoaiiaeoaeueiuo ?aaio aoaeao niinianoaiaaoue
caaeaaia?aiaiiia ninoaaeaiea ieaia iauaeoa, ia eioi?ii oeacuaathony
ianoa iaoiaeaeaiey eiiioiaeueii-yia?aaoe/aneeo naoae e iai?aaeaiey
aeaeaeaiey aiaeu, aaca e niaoeeaeueiuo i?iaeoeoia, ii o?oaii?iaiaeai,
ianoa ?aniieiaeaiey niio?iauo eieiaeoeaa e eaia? n ?aaoee?iai/iie
aiia?aoo?ie, a oaeaea iacaaaeeaaaiua i?eaioe?u, e eioi?ui i?eaycuaathony
eieiaeoeu, ianiniua noaioeee, neaaaeeiu e ae?oaea aaaeiua yeaiaiou
eiiioiaeueii-yia?aaoe/aneeo naoae.
Iniiaiie niinia eieaeecaoeee aaa?ee e iia?aaeaeaiee ia
eiiioiaeueii-yia?aaoe/aneeo e oaoiieiae/aneeo naoyo – ioeeth/aiea
?ac?ooaiiuo o/anoeia e noiyeia a caeaieyo. N yoie oeaeueth
eniieuecothony caaeaeaeee a nio?aieaoeony niio?iauo eieiaeoeao e
caii?iua aaioeee a iiaeaaeao. Ia iauaeo aiaea iiaeaaony ec ai?iaeneie
iaaeno?aee eee aeoaieeo neaaaeei iiauneoaeueiie ianiniie noaioeee
(aiaeiiaii?iie aaoie), nicaeaaaaiie ia iauaeoa. Aiaeii?iaiaeiua o?oau,
eae i?aaeei, caaeoaeythony a a?oio ia 1,7-2,5 i (ieaea aeoaeiu
i?iia?caiey). Aeey oaeianoaa eo yenieoaoaoeee e ianeoaeeaaiey ia eeiee
/a?ac eaaeaeua 50- 100 i ono?aeaathony niio?iaua eieiaeoeu, a eioi?uo
?aciauathony ?aaoee?iai/iay a?iaoo?a e iiaea?iua aeae?aiou.
Iia?aaeaeaiey e aaa?ee a naoe aiaeiniaaaeaiey iiaoo i?eaanoe e
caoiieaieth iiaeaaeueiuo iiiauaiee, eniieuecoaiuo eae oaaaeeua,
i?ioeai?aaeeaoeeiiiua oe?uoey, neeaaeu, iiiauaiey aeey ?aciauaiey
?acee/iiai oaoie/aneiai iai?oaeiaaiey, a oaeaea cao?oaeieoue eee
naeaeaoue iaaiciiaeiui oooaiea iiaea?ia. Iniaaiii aieueoay iianiinoue
iiaeao aicieeiooue i?e nio?aiaiee iaii?a aiaeu a aiaeii?iaiaeiie naoe.
Aeey eeeaeaeaoeee aaa?ee ia naoe aiaeiniaaaeaiey iaiaoiaeeii
ii?aaeaeeoue ianoi ?ac?ooaiey aiaeii?iaiaeiie naoe, eioi?ia
ii?aaeaeyaony ii iioieai aiaeu, auoaeathuae ia iiaa?oiinoue /a?ac
eieiaeaoe, caoai iaeoe aeeaeaeoea e ianoo ?ac?ooaiey eieiaeoeu e
ioeeth/eoue iia?aaeaeaiiue o/anoie. Aeey yoiai ia?ae?uaathony caaeaeaeee
a eieiaeoeao, iaoiaeyueony ni noi?iiu ianiniie noaioeee, a anee
iai?aaeaiea aiaeu iaecaanoii – n iaaeo noi?ii ?ac?ooaiiiai o/anoea. A
neo/aa ?ac?ooaiey aiaeii?iaiaeiie naoe a caeaiee ioeeth/aaony
iia?aaeaeaiiay aeiiiaay naoue eee ioaeaeueiua noiyee (a iiaeaaea eee ia
eanoie/iie eeaoea) iooai ia?ae?uoey caaeaeaeae ia?aae aiaeiia?ii eee ia
noiyeao. Eiathueany iia?aaeaeaiey ia aiaeii?iaiaeiuo naoyo ono?aiythony
caaeaeeie ioaeaeueiuo iano ooa/ee, ?aiiioii o?oa eee eo caiaiie iiauie.
Iinea ioeeth/aiey iia?aaeaeaiiuo o/anoeia, aiaea ec caoiieaiiuo
iiaeaaeueiuo iiiauaiee ioea/eaaaony ianinaie.
Ia iauaeoao, aaea nio?aieeanue aiaeii?iaiaeiay naoue, ?acae?atho caaaeu
iiae eieiaeoeaie, a eioi?uo onoaiiaeaiu iiaea?iua aeae?aiou, n oai /oiau
iieo/aoue aiaeo aeey oooaiey iiaea?ia. Aeey ainnoaiiaeaiey
aiaeiniaaaeaiey iauaeoa a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue eniieuecothony caianiua e
aiaeiiaii?iua ?aca?aoa?u. I?e eo ionoonoaee i?iaiaeyony iaioeiaeiua
ainnoaiiaeoaeueiua ?aaiou ia ianiniuo noaioeeyo e neaaaeeiao.
Naoue oaieiniaaaeaiey auaaao eiiioiaeueiie e i?iiuoeaiiie. Ia?aay
i?aaeiacia/aia aeey ioiieaiey. A iae eniieuecoaony ai?y/ay aiaea n
oaiia?aoo?ie aei 150° e aeaaeaieai io 6 aei 14 aoi. Ai aoi?ie
(i?iiuoeaiiie) naoe oaieiiineoaeai neoaeeo ia? eee ai?y/ee aicaeoo n
aeaaeaieai aei 25aoi.
?ac?ooaiea eeiee oaieiniaaaeaiey iiaeao i?eaanoe e caoiieaieth ai?y/ae
aiaeie (caiieiaieth ia?ii) iiiauaiee, iniaaiii iiaeaaeueiuo, aaea
iai?oaeiaaiu oaaaeeua e i?ioeai?aaeeaoeeiiiua oe?uoey. Yoa iianiinoue
iniaaiii aaeeea i?e nio?aiaiee iaii?a a naoe oaieiniaaaeaiey. Ianoa
?ac?ooaiey oaieiaie naoe iaia?oaeeaathony ii auoiaeo ai?y/ae aiaeu e
ia?a, i?inaaeea a?oioa, oayieth niaaa.
*oiau eneeth/eoue ii?aaeaiea ethaeae, iaoiaeyueony a oaaaeeuao e
oe?uoeyo, iaiaoiaeeii ioeeth/eoue aaiaeu a caeaiey eee o/anoee
oaieio?annu, eaeouea ia oa??eoi?eth iauaeoa. I?e iia?aaeaeaiee nenoaiu
oaieiniaaaeaiey aioo?e caeaiee aa ioeeth/atho io aiaoiae naoe
caaeaeaeeaie ia aaiaeao a caeaiea. Iia?aaeaeaiey ia o?oaao ono?aiytho,
eae e a nenoaia aiaeiniaaaeaiey.
Ono?aiaiea aaa?ee ia aaciauo naoyo inouanoaeyaony ioeeth/aieai
ioaeaeueiuo o/anoeia ia aaci?ani?aaeaeeoaeueiuo e aacaieueaea?iuo
noaioeeyo, a oaeaea n iiiiuueth caii?iuo ono?ienoa. A nio?aieaoeony eee
/anoe/ii ?ac?ooaiiuo caeaieyo ioeeth/aiea i?iecaiaeeony a ianoao
iia?aaeaeaiey – o i?eai?a, ia noiyea eee ia aaiaea a caeaiea. I?e
iia?aaeaeaiee aaciauo naoae ca i?aaeaeaie caeaiee ioeeth/aiea
i?iecaiaeeony n iiiiuueth niaoeeaeueiuo eeeiiauo caaeaeaeae eee
aeae?icaoai?ia. Aaciaua o?oau (n?acu eee ?ac?uau) ieceiai aeaaeaiey
caaeaeuaathony aea?aayiiuie i?iaeaie e iaiacuaathony nu?ie aeeiie eee
iaiaouaathony eenoiaie ?aceiie. O?aueiu ia o?oaao iaiaouaatho ieioiui
(a?acaioiaui) aeioii eee eenoiaie ?aceiie n iaeeaaeeie oiiooia. A neo/aa
ainieaiaiaiey aaca nieaeaaony aai aeaaeaiea a naoe, a naii ieaiy aaneony
ianeii, caieae eee aeeiie. Ia ianoi ainieaiaiaiey iiaeii iaa?ineoue
nii/aiiue aiaeie a?acaio. Ana aaa?eeiua ?aaiou auiieiythony a
eciee?othueo i?ioeaiaacao. Ianoa ?aaiou inaauathony n iiiiuueth
ac?uaiaaciianiuo eaii.
Aaa?ee ia yeaeo?inaoyo ono?aiythony oieueei iinea eo iaanoi/eaaiey. Aeey
yoiai ioeeth/aaony ?ani?aaeaeeoaeueiay naoue yeaeo?iniaaaeaiey eee aa
ioaeaeueiua o/anoee. ?ani?aaeaeeoaeueiua ioieou ono?aeaathony iau/ii a
eaaeaeii caeaiee e i?aaeiacia/athony aeey ioeeth/aiey ioaeaeueiuo
iio?aaeoaeae eee o/anoeia naoe. Aueeth/athony ?oaeeueieee ia aaiaeao a
caeaiey, ?acuaaeeiythony i?aaeio?aieoaee, ia?a?acathony i?iaiaea
iiaeaiaeyuae naoe. I?e ia?aie aiciiaeiinoe iia?aaeaeaiiua i?iaiaea
eciee?othony, oae?athony n caiee e iiaeaaoeaathony e a?aiaiiui iii?ai.
Ia aicaeooiuo yeaeo?ieeieyo cacaieaiea i?iecaiaeeony n iaaeo noi?ii io
ianoa ?aaio ia aeeaeaeoeo iii?ao, a iiaecaiiuo eaaaeyo – n iaaeo noi?ii
io ianoa ?ac?ooaiey eaaaey ia aeeaeaeoeo o?ainoi?iaoi?iuo ioieoao e n
iiiiuueth ia?aiiniiai cacaieaiey. Oaeea ?aaiou i?aaeoi?aaeyo
aicieeiiaaiea iiaea?ia, eneeth/ao ii?aaeaiea ethaeae oieii e nicaeaaeoo
aeaaii?eyoiua oneiaey aeey ainnoaiiaeoaeueiuo ?aaio.
Ainnoaiiaeaiea iia?aaeaeaiiuo ioaeaeueiuo o/anoeia aicaeooiuo eeiee
i?iecaiaeeony iooai niaaeeiaiey i?iaiaeia eee i?ieeaaeee iiauo eeiee.
Iia?aaeaeaiiua o/anoee eaaaeueiuo eeiee niaaeeiythony a?aiaiiie
aicaeooiie eeieae eee i?ieeaaeeie niaaeeieoaeueiiai eaaaey ia
iiaa?oiinoe caiee.
Aaa?ee ia eaiaeecaoeeiiiuo naoyo ono?aiythony ioeeth/aieai
iia?aaeaeaiiuo o/anoeia e ioaiaeii noi/iuo aiae. ?ac?ooaiea
eaiaeecaoeeiiiie naoe iiaeao aucaaoue caoiieaiea iiaeaaeia, oaaaeeu e
oe?uoee. Aeey ioeeth/aiey ?ac?ooaiiiai o/anoea eaiaeecaoeeiiiie naoe
o?oau, auoiaeyuea ec eieiaeoea a noi?iio ?ac?ooaiiiai o/anoea,
cae?uaatho n iiiiuueth i?iaie, caaeooae eee ueoaie. Eaiaeecaoeeiiiua
aiaeu ioaiaeyo ono?ienoaii ia?aioneia ii iiaa?oiinoe, a oaeaea iooai
na?ina aiae n aaa?eeiuo o/anoeia a nenoaio eeaiaaie eaiaeecaoeee eee
aeeaeaeoea ieceea o/anoea ianoiinoe.
Naoe oaoiieiae/aneeo o?oaii?iaiaeia iiaoo auoue naiuie ?aciiia?aciuie.
Ii iei iiaoo o?ainii?oe?iaaoueny iiae aeaaeaieai iaooue, aaicei, aac,
eeneiou e ae?oaea aeeaeeea e aaciia?aciua i?iaeoeou. O?oaii?iaiaeu
i?ieeaaeuaathony iiae caieae, ii iiaa?oiinoe caiee eee ia niaoeeaeueiuo
iii?ao aunioie aei 0,5 i. Aaa?eeii- ainnoaiiaeoaeueiua ?aaiou a neo/aa
?ac?ooaiey oaoiieiae/aneeo o?oaii?iaiaeia i?iaiaeyony n oeaeueth
i?aaeioa?auaiey ac?uaia e iiaea?ia ia i?iecaiaenoaa. Aeey yoiai a
ia?aoth i/a?aaeue ia?ae?uaathony o?oaii?iaiaeu, eaeouea e ?aca?aoa?ai e
oaoiieiae/aneei aa?aaaoai, ioeeth/athony ianinu, iiaeaea?aeeaathuea
aeaaeaiea a o?oaii?iaiaeao. Ana yoe ?aaiou auiieiythony iiae
?oeiaiaenoaii niaoeeaeenoia-oaoiieiaia i?aaei?eyoey.
Oe?aieaiea eee ia?ooaiea eiino?oeoeee caeaiee e nii?oaeaiee,
oa?iaeathueo iaaaeii. Ai a?aiy i?iaaaeaiey NIAA? iaiaoiaeeii eneeth/eoue
aiciiaeioth iianiinoue ia?ooaiey iia?aaeaeaiiuo eiino?oeoeee caeaiee e
nii?oaeaiee ia i?iacaeoth /anoue oeeoe eee ia ane?uaaaiua caueoiua
nii?oaeaiey. N yoie oeaeueth caeaiey e nii?oaeaiey, a?icyuea iaaaeii,
ia?ooatho eee a?aiaiii oe?aieytho. Ia?ooatho iaonoie/eaua oa?iaeathuea
iaaaeii /anoe caeaiey n iiiiuueth eaaaaeee e o?ina eee o?aeoi?ii. Aeeeia
o?ina aeieaeia auoue ia iaiaa aeaoo aunio ia?ooeaaaiie eiino?oeoeee, ia
eioi?ie aai cae?aieytho. Ii eiiaiaea eiiaiaee?a oi?ie?iaaiey iaoyaeaatho
o?in eaaaaeeie e ia?ooeaatho eiino?oeoeeth. Ia?ooeaaoue iaonoie/eaua
eiino?oeoeee caeaiee aiciiaeii oaeaea iiae?uaiui niiniaii.
Noaiu aunioie aei 6 i e?aiyony onoaiiaeie i?inouo aea?aayiiuo eee
iaoaeee/aneeo iiaeeinia iiae oaeii 45- 60° e ai?eciioo. Noaiu caeaiey
aunioie 6-9 i oe?aieythony aeaieiuie iiaeeinaie, eioi?ua onoaiaaeeaatho
a eaaeaeii i?inoaiea caeaiey. Aeey e?aieaiey iiaoo eniieueciaaoueny
iaoaeee/aneea e aea?aayiiua aaeee, a?onuey, aeinee, a?aaia (yeaiaiou
?ac?ooaiiuo caeaiee e eiino?oeoeee).
Nianaoaeueiua ?aaiou a i/aaa oeie/aneiai ii?aaeaiey.
I?e aicieeiiaaiee i/aaa oeie/aneiai ii?aaeaiey iaiaaeeaiii iiiaauathony
neaiaeii «Oeie/aneay o?aaiaa» ?aai/ea, neoaeauea e ianaeaiea,
iaoiaeyueany a ciia ca?aaeaiey e a ?aeiiao, eioi?ui oa?iaeaao iianiinoue
ca?aaeaiey. Aunueaaony ?aaeeaoeeiiiay e oeie/aneay, a oaeaea
iaaeeoeeineay ?acaaaeea aeey ooi/iaiey ianoa, a?aiaie, niiniaa e oeia
i?eiaiaiiuo i?ioeaieeii io?aaeythueo aauanoa, ii?aaeaeaiey a?aieoe i/aaa
ii?aaeaiey e iai?aaeaiey ?ani?ino?aiaiey ca?aaeaiiiai aicaeooa.
Iiaeaioaaeeaathony oi?ie?iaaiey aeey i?iaaaeaiey nianaoaeueiuo ?aaio. Ia
iniiaaiee aeaiiuo, iieo/aiiuo io ?acaaaeee e ae?oaeo enoi/ieeia,
ia/aeueiee a?aaeaeaineie iai?iiu iauaeoa i?eieiaao ?aoaiea, ee/ii
i?aaiecoao i?iaaaeaiea nianaoaeueiuo ?aaio e ia?ii?eyoee ii eeeaeaeaoeee
oeie/aneiai ca?aaeaiey.
Aeey i?iaaaeaiey nianaoaeueiuo ?aaio a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue i?eaeaeathony:
naieoa?iua ae?oaeeiu, naiaeiua io?yaeu (eiiaiaeu, a?oiiu), eiiaiaeu
(a?oiiu) iaacca?aaeeaaiey, oi?ie?iaaiey iaoaiecaoeee. I?e iinoaiiaea
caaea/ oeacuaathony:
– naieoa?iui ae?oaeeiai e nianaoaeueiui oi?ie?iaaieyi – o/anoee e ianoa
?aaio; auaeaeyaiue o?ainii?o; ii?yaeie ieacaiey ia?aie iaaeeoeeineie
iiiiue, auiina e iia?ocee ii?aaeaiiuo ia o?ainii?o, yaaeoaoeee eo ec
i/aaa oeie/aneiai ii?aaeaiey;
– naiaeiui io?yaeai (eiiaiaeai) e oi?ie?iaaieyi I? e IOC – n?aaenoaa
oneeaiey, o/anoee nianaoaeueiuo ?aaio e ianoa ono?aiaiey aaa?ee ia
eiiioieeaoeeyo n NAessA, aeaaacaoeee ianoiinoe e nii?oaeaiee;
– eiiaiaeai (a?oiiai) iaacca?aaeeaaiey-n?aaenoaa oneeaiey, o/anoee
ianoiinoe e iauaeou, iiaeeaaeauea aeaaacaoeee; ii?yaeie e niiniau
aeaaacaoeee; ioieou i?eaioiaeaiey aeaaace?othueo ?anoai?ia e ca?yaeee
iaoei; a?aiy ia/aea e ieii/aiey ?aaio;
– oi?ie?iaaieyi iaoaiecaoeee – o/anoee (ianoa) ono?ienoaa
caa?aaeeoaeueiuo aaeia, eaiaa, ia?aie/eaathueo ?anoaeaiea NAessA, a?aiy
ia/aea e eiioea ?aaio.
Iiieii yoiai, anai oi?ie?iaaieyi oeacuaathony: ianoa caai?a aiaeu aeey
naieoa?ii-oaoie/aneeo ioaeae, ioieou niaoeeaeueiie ia?aaioee; ioieo
nai?a e ii?yaeie aeaenoaee iinea auiieiaiey caaea/e.
Eiiaiaee?u oi?ie?iaaiee iinea iieo/aiey caaea/e ia i?iaaaeaiea
nianaoaeueiuo ?aaio a i/aaa oeie/aneiai ii?aaeaiey noaayo caaea/e
eiiaiaee?ai iiae?acaeaeaiee e aaiaeyo n o/aoii ianoaiiaee oi?ie?iaaiey a
i/aa ii?aaeaiey.
Aneaae ca ?acaaaeeie aaiaeyony naieoa?iua ae?oaeeiu, oi?ie?iaaiey I? e
IOC, io?aiu iauanoaaiiiai ii?yaeea e ae?. Ee/iue ninoaa oi?ie?iaaiey
iaania/eaaaony n?aaenoaaie eiaeeaeaeoaeueiie caueou, aioeaeioaie,
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuie i?ioeaioeie/aneeie iaeaoaie, ii aeieaeai auoue oi?ioi
iao/ai aeey aeaenoaee a i/aaao ii?aaeaiey.
A i/aaa oeie/aneiai ii?aaeaiey i?aaeaea anaai ieacuaaaony iiiiuue
ii?aaeaiiui, i?iaiaeeony eo ni?oe?iaea e i?aaiecoaony yaaeoaoeey a
iaaeeoeeineea o/?aaeaeaiey. I/aa ii?aaeaiey ioeaieyaony – i?iaiaeeony
iaacca?aaeeaaiea ianoiinoe, o?ainii?oa, nii?oaeaiee, a oaeaea naieoa?iay
ia?aaioea. A ia?aoth i/a?aaeue iaeaaathony i?ioeaiaacu ia ii?aaeaiiuo,
ei ieacuaaaony ia?aay iaaeeoeeineay iiiiuue, aaiaeyony aioeaeiou.
Oi?ie?iaaiey iaacca?aaeeaaiey aeaaace?otho i?iacaeu e i?ioiaeu,
oa??eoi?eth, nii?oaeaiey, oaoieeo e yoei iaania/eaatho aeaenoaey ae?oaeo
oi?ie?iaaiee, a oaeaea auaiae ianaeaiey ec i/aaa oeie/aneiai ii?aaeaiey.
Neaaeoao anaaaea o/eouaaoue, /oi i?e i?iaaaeaiee nianaoaeueiuo ?aaio a
i/aaa oeie/aneiai ii?aaeaiey aiciiaeai canoie ca?aaeaiiiai aicaeooa a
iiaecaiiuo nii?oaeaieyo, iiiauaieyo, caieioouo eaa?oaeao, ia?eao,
neaa?ao, a oaeaea ?ani?ino?aiaiea aai ii o?oaii?iaiaeai e ooiiaeyi.
Iiyoiio iinea caaa?oaiey nianaoaeueiuo ?aaio eee niaiu oi?ie?iaaiey
iai?aaeythony ia ioieou niaoeeaeueiie ia?aaioee. Yoe ioieou iau/ii
?acaa?ouaathony ia iaca?aaeaiiie ianoiinoe e aaeece ia?o?ooia auoiaea
oi?ie?iaaiee e ianaeaiey.
Eniieuecoaiay eeoa?aoo?a:
“ A?aaeaeaineay iai?iia ” / A.A. Aoaiaithe, E.A. Oe?oaa, I.E. Aeeiia.
: Iineaa “Aunoay Oeiea”, 1986.
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