oaa?neie iieeoaoie/aneee
OAOIEEOI
1 9 9 7 a i
ae
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
????????
a u i i e i e e n o o ae a i o
a ? o i i u 3 I 1
???????? ??????
?acaeae 1
“????????”
1.1 Iauea naaaeaiey i ?aaeoeoi?a
1.2 Iienaiea i?iaeoiiai ?aaeoeoi?a
?acaeae 2
“????????? ?????”
2.1 Auai? yeaeo?iaeaeaaoaey
2.2 ?an/ao ia?aaea/e ?aaeoeoi?a
2.3 I?aaeaa?eoaeueiue ?an/ao aaeia
2.4 ?an/ao ioe?uoie ia?aaea/e
2.5 Iiaeai? iiaeoeiieeia
2.6 ?an/ao oiiiie
2.7 Ooi/iaiiue ?an/ao aaeia
2.8 Oaieiaie ?an/ao ?aaeoeoi?a
?acaeae 3
“??????????????? ?????”
3.1 Eiino?oe?iaaiea aeaoaeae ia?aaea/e ?aaeoeoi?a
3.2 Eiino?oe?iaaiea ei?iona ?aaeoeoi?a
3.3 Eiino?oe?iaaiea iiaeoeiieeiauo oceia
3.4 Auai? iinaaeie
3.5 Auai? niacee
?acaeae 4
“??????????????? ?????”
4.1 E?aoeia iienaiea nai?ee ?aaeoeoi?a
OI.EI.?*.304.000.IC.
Eci Eeno ? aeieoi. Iiaei. Aeao
?ac?aa. Nainiiia A.
97 Eeo. Eeno Eenoia
I?iaa?ee No?aoiieoneee
NIAeA?AEAIEA
O
1
?oe.
?an/aoii-iiynieoaeueiie caienee
I.eiio?.
eo?niaiai i?iaeoa OIO a?.-2I1
Ooaa?aeee
?????
????????? ????????
??? 59. ??????? ? 49
1-????????????????
2-?????-???????? ????????
3-???????? ????????? ????????
????:P=4.5 ??? ; n=30 ??/???
97
Eeno
OI.EI.?*.304.000.IC. 2
Eci Eeno Iii. aeieoi. Iiaei. Aeao
?acaeae 1
Aaaaeaiea
1.1 Iauea naaaeaiey i ?aaeoeoi?ao (I-2.1 no?-9)
?aaeoeoi?ii iacuaatho iaoaieci, ninoiyuee ec coa/aouo eee /a?ay/iuo
ia?aaea/, auiieiaiiue a aeaea ioaeaeueiiai aa?aaaoa, e neoaeauee aeey
ia- ?aaea/e a?auaiey io aaea aeaeaaoaey e aaeo ?aai/ae iaoeiu.
Eeiaiaoe/aneay noaia i?eaiaea iiaeao aeeth/aoue,iiieii ?aaeoeoi?a, ioe-
?uoua coa/aoua ia?aaea/e, oeaiiua eee ?aiaiiua ia?aaea/e.
Iacia/aiea ?aaeoeoi?a – iiieaeaiea oaeiaie nei?inoe e
niioaaonoaai ii iiauoaiea a?auathuaai iiiaioa aaaeiiiai aaea ii
n?aaiaieth n aaaeo- uei. Iaoaieciu aeey iiauoaiey oaeiaie nei?inoe,
auiieiaiiua a aeaea ioaeaeueiuo aa?aaaoia, iacuaatho onei?eoaeyie eee
ioeueoeieeeaoi?aie.
?aaeoeoi? i?iaeoe?otho eeai aeey i?eaiaea ii?aaeaeaiiie iaoeiu, eeai
ii caaeaiiie iaa?ocea e ia?aaeaoi/iiio /eneo aac oeacaiey eiie?aoiiai
iacia/aiey.
?aaeoeoi?u eeanneoeoee?otho ii neaaeothuei i?eciaeai: oeio
ia?aaea/e, (coa/aoua, /a?ay/iua eee coa/aoi-/a?ay/iua), /eneo nooiaiae
(iaeiinoo- iai/aoua, aeaoonooiai/aoua), oeio coa/aouo eiean
(oeeeeiae?e/aneea, ei- ie/aneea, eiie/anei-oeeeeiae?e/aneea),
ioiineoaeueiiio ?aniieiaeaieth aaeia ?aaeoeoi?a a i?ino?ainoaa
(ai?eciioaeueiua, aa?oeeaeueiua), ini- aaiiinoyie eeiaiaoe/aneie noaiu
(?acaa?iooay, niiniay, n ?acaeaiaiiie nooiaiueth).
Aiciiaeiinoe iieo/aiey aieueoeo ia?aaeaoi/iuo /enae i?e iaeuo aaaa-
?eoao iaania/eaatho ieaiaoa?iua e aieiiaua ?aaeoeoi?u.
1.2 Iienaiea i?iaeoe?oaiiai ?aaeoeoi?a (no? 18-22)
*a?ay/iue ?aaeoeoi? i?eiaiyaony aeey ia?aaea/e aeaeaeaiey iaaeaeo
aaeaie, ine eioi?uo ia?ae?aueaathony .
Ii ioiineoaeueiiio iieiaeaieth /a?ayea e /a?ay/iiai eieana ?ac-
ee/atho o?e iniiaiua noaiu /a?ay/iuo ?aaeoeoi?ia: n ieaeiei,
aa?oiei e aieiaui ?aniieiaeaieai /a?ayea.
Eneonnoaaiiue iaaeoa ?aa?enouo ei?ionia iaania/eaaao aieaa aea
aii?eyoiue oaieiaie ?aaeei ?aaiou ?aaeoeoi?a.Auoiae aaea eieana
?aaeoeoi?a n aieiaui ?aniieiaeaieai /a?ayea a caaeneiin-oe io
iacia/aiey eiiiiiiaee i?eaiaea iiaeao auoue naeaeai aaa?o eee aiec.
I?e ieaeiai ?aniieiaeaiee /a?ayea oneiaea niacuaa-iey, caoeaieaiey
eo/oa, i?e aa?oiai ooaea, ii iaiueoa aa?iyoiin-oue iiiaaeaiey a
caoeaieaiey iaoaeee/aneeo /anoeoe-i?iaeoeoia ciina
Ia?aaeaoi/iua /enea /a?ay/iuo ?aaeoeoi?ia iau/ii eieaaethony a
i?aaeaeao U=8-80 (ni. AINO 2144-76)
Oae eae E.I.Ae. /a?ay/iuo ?aaeoeoi?ia iaaunie, oi aeey ia?aaea/e
aieueoeo iiuiinoae e a onoaiiaeao, ?aaioathueo iai?a?uaii,
i?iaeoe?iaaoue eo iaoeaeaniia?acii. I?aeoe/anee /a?ay/iua ?a-
aeoeoi?u i?eiaiytho aeey ia?aaea/e iiuiinoe, eae i?aaeei, aei 45 eAo
e a aeaea eneeth/aiee aei 150 eAo.
97
Eeno
OI.EI.?*.304.000.IC. 3
Eci Eeno Iii. aeieoi. Iiaei. Aeao
?acaeae 2
?an/aoiay /anoue
2.1 Auai? yeaeo?iaeaeaaoaey, eeiaiaoe/aneee e neeiaie ?an/ao
Enoiaeiua aeaiiua:
*anoioa a?auaiey aaea aa?aaaia:30ia/iei
Iiuiinoue ia aaeo aa?aaaia:?=4.5 eAo
Eiee/anoai ia?aaeaoi/iuo caaiueaa i?eaiaea: 2
Eiee/anoai ia? iiaeoeiieeia: 2
Eiee/anoai aaeia: 3
Eiyooeoeeaio o/eouaathuee iioa?e a iaeiie ia?a iiaeoeiieeia:0.99
Ia?aiao?u 1-ai aaea
Ia?aiao?u oeeeeiae?e/aneiai ?aaeoeoi?a
Iaeneiaeueiia ia?aaeaoi/iia /enei caaia Umax = 4
Ieieiaeueiia ia?aaeaoi/iia /enei caaia Umin = 2
E.I.Ae. caaia 0.7
Ia?aiao?u 2-ai aaea
Ia?aiao?u /a?ay/iie ia?aaea/e.
Umax =40
Umin =8
E.I.Ae.=0.7
O?aaoaiay iiuiinoue yeaeo?iaeaeaaoaey:
Auae?aai aneio?iiiue 132M2 o eioi?iai iiuiinoue 3 eAo
Aeeaiaciiu /anoio a?auaiey aaea yeaeo?iaeaeaaoaey 480-4800 ia/iei
Aaee/eia neieueaeaiey: 0.023
Oaeoe/aneay /anoioa a?auaiey
Aeaenoaeoaeueiia ia?aaeaoi/iia /enei:97.6999
?acaeaaai aeaenoaeoaeueiia ia?aaeaoi/iia /enei iaaeaeo caaiueyie
e iieo/aai U?aae = 30 , U?ai=3.26
Aae 1
Ia?aaeaoi/iia /enei 1
E.I.Ae. 1
*enei ia? iiaeoeiieeia ia aaeo-0
*anoioa a?auaiey aaea 2931 ia/iei
Iiuiinoue ia aaeo 9.37013912 eAo
A?auathuee iiiaio ia aaeo 30.54371261 I*i
Aae 2
Ia?aaeaoi/iia /enei 3.26
E.I.Ae. 0.95
*enei ia? iiaeoeiieeia ia aaeo 1
*anoioa a?auaiey aaea 900 ia/iei
Iiuiinoue ia aaeo 8.81261539 eAo
A?auathuee iiiaio ia aaeo 93.55217743 I*i
Aae3
Ia?aaeaoi/iia /enei 30
E.I.Ae. 0.7
*enei ia? iiaeoeiieeia ia aaeo 1
*anoioa a?auaiey aaea 30.089ia/iei
Iiuiinoue ia aaeo 4.5 eAo
A?auathuee iiiaio ia aaeo 1944.9498I*i
97
Eeno
OI.EI.?*.304.000.IC. 4
Eci Eeno Iii. aeieoi. Iiaei. Aeao
2.2 ?an/ao ia?aaea/e ?aaeoeoi?a
O.e. e i?iaeoe?oaiie ia?aaea/a ia i?aaeuyaeyaony iniauo o?aaiaaiee
i?eieiaai :
1- Iaoa?eae aeey /a?ayea n?aaeiaoaea?iaeenoay eiino?oeoeeiiiay noaeue 45
n oa?iiia?aaioeie HRC 45
2- *a?ay/iia eieani ecaioaaeeaaai nai?iui: aaiaoe ec a?iicu ia?ee
A9AECE, a oeaio? ec na?iai /oaoia N*18, i?eaioe?oynue ia nei?inoue
neieueaeaiey Vs=5 i/n, auae?aai aeiioneaaiia eiioaeoiia iai?yaeaiea
[(i]=155 I/ii(2
Ii oaae. 4.8 no?. 66 auae?aai aeiioneaaiia iai?yaeaiea [(-1F]=75 H/ii(2
i?eaioe?oynue ia iaia?aie/aiiue n?ie ia?aaea/e i?eieiaai eiyooeoeeaio
aeieaiaa/iinoe K FL=0.543
Aeiionoeiia iai?yaeaiea ia ecaea [( F]=40.72 I/ii`2
*enei coaueaa z1=1
*enei coaueaa /a?ay/iiai eieana z2=30
Eiyooeoeeaio aeeaiao?a /a?ayea q=10
Iiiaio ia aaeo /a?ay/iiai eieana M3=1944.95 I*i
Eiyooeoeeaio iaa?ocee E=1.2
Iaaeinaaia ?annoiyiea aw=273.59 ii
Ooi/iaiiia iaaeinaaia ?annoiyiea aw=273 ii
Iiaeoeue m=13.679 ii
Ooi/iaiiue iiaeoeue 16 ii (ii AINOo)
Ii AINOo i?eieiaai iniiaiua ia?aiao?u /a?ayea (no?.56 oaa.4.2):
Aeaeeoaeueiue aeeaiao? /a?ayea d1=128 ii
Aeeaiao? aa?oei aeoeia /a?ayea da1=160ii
Aeeaiao? aiaaeei aeoeia /a?ayea df1=89.5999ii
Aeeeia ia?aciie /anoe b1=204.8ii
Ooi/iaiiay aeeeia ia?aciie /anoe b1=245 ii
Iaeneiaeueiay oe?eia aaioea b2=120 ii
Ii AINOo i?eieiaai iniiaiua ia?aiao?u /a?ay/iiai eieana
Aeaeeoaeueiue aeeaiao? /a?ay/iiai eieana d2=480ii
Aeeaiao? aa?oei coaueaa /a?ay/iiai eieana da2=512ii
Aeeaiao? aiaaeei coaueaa /a?ay/iiai eieana df2=441.6ii
Iaeneiaeueiue aeeaiao? /a?ay/iiai eieana d ai2=544ii
Oaie iiaeuaia ( (no?.57 oaa. 4.3) ((=5(43(00(=5.7166(
*anoioa a?auaiey /a?ayea n2=900 ia/iei
(
97
Eeno
OI.EI.?*.304.000.IC. 5
Eci Eeno Iii. aeieoi. Iiaei. Aeao
Eiyooeoeeaio o?aiey f=0.024 (no?.59 oaa.4.4)
Oaie o?aiey p`=1.3
Ooi/iaiiia cia/aiea E.I.Ae. ?aaeoeoi?a (=0.7726
Auae?aai 8-oth noaiaiue oi/iinoe
Eiyooeoeeaio aeeiaie/aneie iaa?ocee Kv=1.4 (no?.65 oaa.4.7)
Eiyooeoeeaio aeeoi?iaoeee /a?ayea (=108 (no?64. Oaa.4.6)
Aniiiiaaoaeueiue eiyooeoeeaio o(0.6 (no?.65)
?an/aoiia eiioaeoiia iai?yaeaiea (i=146.802 I/ii`2
Auaiae: eiioaeoiay auiineeaanoue iaania/aia, o.e. (i
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