Aaoi?neee eieeaeoea :
A. TH. Aoaiia, A. A. Ieoaeeia.
( 1995 a.
Oi?aaeyai ee iu i?ioeannii o?aaiecaoeee ?
Nia?aiaiiua i?ioeannu ?inoa, ninoaaa e ?aciauaiey ianaeaiey aucuaatho
iiiai neiaeiuo i?iaeai. Iaeiei ec aaaeiaeoeo aii?inia yaeyaony i?ioeann
o?aaiecaoeee. Oi?aaeyai ee iu ei?
Aeaaaeoa iiae?iaiaa iciaeiieiny n yoei yaeaieai.
O?aaiecaoeeae ( io eaoeineiai urbs – ai?iae ) iacuaaaony ?ino
ai?iaeia, iiauoaiea oaeaeueiiai aana ai?iaeneiai ianaeaiey a no?aia,
?aaeiia, ie?a, aicieeiiaaiea e ?acaeoea an? aieaa neiaeiuo naoae e
nenoai ai?iaeia. Neaaeiaaoaeueii, o?aaiecaoeey i?aaenoaaeyao
enoi?e/aneee i?ioeann iiauoaiey ?iee ai?iaeia a aeecie iauanoaa,
iinoaiaiiia i?aia?aciaaiea aai a i?aeiouanoaaiii ai?iaeneia ii oa?aeoa?o
o?oaea, ia?aco aeecie e eoeueoo?u ianaeaiey, iniaaiiinoyi ?aciauaiey
i?iecaiaenoaa.
O?aaiecaoeey – iaeia ec naiuo aaaeiuo ninoaaiuo /anoae
nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie-/aneiai ?acaeoey.
Iauea /a?ou o?aaiecaoeee, oa?aeoa?iua aeey aieueoeinoaa no?ai :
1). Auno?ua oaiiu ?inoa ai?iaeneiai ianaeaiey, iniaaiii a iaiaa ?acaeouo
no?aiao, aaea i?ienoiaeyo noeoeeiua, ia iiaeaeathueany eiio?ieth
iea?aoeee ec naea a ai?iae. A ie?a n 1950 a. ianaeaiea ai?iaeia
oaaee/eeinue a 4.37 ?aca.
EMBED MSGraph \s \* MERGEFORMAT
A?aoee ?inoa /eneaiiinoe ai?iaeneiai ianaeaiey ( iei. /ae. )
2). Eiioeaio?aoeey ianaeaiey e oicyenoaa a iniiaiii a aieueoeo
ai?iaeao, o.e. ai?iaea eiatho iiiaeanoai ooieoeee, iniaaiii a
iai?iecaiaenoaaiiie noa?a, iie iieiaa oaeiaeaoai?ytho cai?inu ethaeae,
eiatho ?acaeooth eio?ano?oeoo?o e iaania/eaatho aeinooi e o?aieeeuai
eioi?iaoeee.
Iieiaeia ianaeaiey ie?a aeea?o a ai?iaeao. Aieaa 30 ai?iaeia ie?a eiatho
ianaeaiea aieaa 5 iei. /aeiaae.
3). ” ?aniiecaiea ” ai?iaeia, ?anoe?aiea eo oa??eoi?ee. Yoi
i?ienoiaeeo oiaaea, eiaaea aie?oa e?oiiuo ai?iaeia ( noieeoe,
i?iiuoeaiiuo e ii?oiauo oeaio?ia ) aicieeatho iiyna ai?iaeia –
niooieeia. Oaeea ia?aciaaiey iacuaathony ai?iaeneeie aaeiia?aoeeyie. Eo
iaoi?aaeyaiue ?ino i/aiue aaniieieo o/?iuo, caieiathueony yoie
i?iaeaiie.
E?oiiaeoea ai?iaeneea aaeiia?aoeee neiaeeeenue aie?oa Iaoeei, Nai-Iaoeo,
Oieei e Iueth-Ei?ea.
Oneiaiua o?iaie o?aaiecaoeee :
SYMBOL 168 \f “Symbol” \s 10 \h Ieceee o?iaaiue
o?aaiecaoeee – iaiaa 20% ;
SYMBOL 168 \f “Symbol” \s 10 \h N?aaeiee o?iaaiue
o?aaiecaoeee – io 20% aei 50% ;
SYMBOL 168 \f “Symbol” \s 10 \h Aunieee o?iaaiue
o?aaiecaoeee – io 50% aei 72% ;
SYMBOL 168 \f “Symbol” \s 10 \h I/aiue aunieee o?iaaiue
o?aaiecaoeee – nauoa 72% .
Neaaio?aaiece?iaaiiua no?aiu – Caiaaeiay e Ainoi/iay Ao?eea,Iaaeaaanea?
e iaeioi?ua no?aiu Acee.
N?aaeiao?aaiece?iaaiiua no?aiu – Aieeaey, Ao?eea, Acey.
Aunieio?aaiece?iaaiiua no?aiu – NIA, Aa?iia, Naaa?iay Aia?eea, THA?,
Aano?aeey, THaeiay Aia?eea.
Oaiiu o?aaiecaoeee caaenyo io o?iaiy yeiiie/aneiai ?acaeoey no?aiu. A
aieueoeinoaa yeiiiie/anee ?acaeouo no?aiao, aaea o?aaiecaoeey aeinoeaea
aeinoaoi/ii aunieiai o?iaiy, i?ioeann acyo iiae eiio?ieue, e aeiey
ai?iaeneiai ianaeaiey ia oaaee-/eaaaony, a aeaaea iaiiiai oiaiueoaaony.
Ii o?aaiecaoeey i?iaeieaeaao ?anoe aaeoaue, i?eia?aoay iiaua oi?iu.
A ?acaeaathueony no?aiao o?aaiecaoeey i?iaeieaeaao ?anoe aoe?ue, a
ai?iaeneia ianaeaiea auno?i oaaee/eaaaony. Yoi yaeaiea iieo/eei iacaaiea
ai?iaeneiai ac?uaa ei?iaeieaeaao inoaaaoueny iaeiio?iee?oaiui. Iaeiaei
?ino ianaeaiey ai?iaeia a yoeo?aaeiiao iaiiiai iia?aaeaao eo ?aaeueiia
?acaeoea.
A ?yaea iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo aeieoiaioia ( a /anoiinoe, a ?aciethoeee
Iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai aaiea ?aeiino?oeoeee e ?acaeoey ) aiai?eony i e?ecena
o?aaiecaoeee a ?acaeaathueony no?aiao. Ii iia i?iaeieaeaao inoaaaoueny a
iniiaiii noeoeeiie e iaoii?yaei/aiiie.
Aeey noaaeeecaoee i?ioeanna o?aaiecaoeee iaiaoiaeeii, /oiau i?ienoieee
/anoe/-iue iooie ianaeaiey ec ai?iaea a naeueneea ?aeiiu, /oi i?eaaae?o
e ?aca?ocea ai?iaeia e oaaee/aieth oiaa?iiai?ioa iaaeaeo aea?aaiae e
ai?iaeii.
Aa?iyoii, Au ciaaoa i oae iacuaaaiie ” i?iaeaia aieueoeo ai?iaeia “,
eioi?ua caieiatho cia/eoaeueioth ieiuaaeue caiee. A ea/anoaa iaeiiai ec
iooae ?aoaiey yoie i?iaeaiu no?iyony e i?iaeoe?othony naa?oaunieea
caeaiey. Auaeaeaathony oaeaea iieooaioanoe/aneea i?iaeou nii?oaeaiey
iiaecaiiuo ai?iaeia, ieaao/eo ai?iaeia, iiaeaiaeiuo ai?iaeia,
ai?iaeia-eiionia, ai?iaeia-aea?aaueaa, ai?iaeia-aaoai, ai?iaeia-ai?iiie,
ai?iaeia-iinoia e o. ae.
Ae?oaie iaoiae ?aca?ocee e?oiiuo ai?iaeia i?aaeeaaatho a?aaioeineea
o/?iua. Au? iaaeaaii oe?iei ianoaeaeaeny i?iaeo ia?aiina noieeoeu
A?aaioeiu ec Aoyiin-Ae?ana ai Aueaaeio. A iieueco yoiai i?eaiaeeeenue
ianeieueei oaeoi?ia.
Ai-ia?auo, aoaeao ?aca?oaeai Aoyiin-Ae?an, o. e. a o??oieeeeiiiie
aaeiia?aoeee Aieueoiai Aoyiin-Ae?ana nin?aaeioi/aia ii/oe 1 / 10 /anoue
anaai ianaeaiey no?aiu; yoi ia oieueei aaeieieno?aoeaiay, ii e
i?iiuoeaiiay noieeoea no?aiu, a oaeaea e?oiiaeoee ii?o.
Ai-aoi?uo, ?acaeoea iiaiai oeaio?a niinianoaiaaei au inaiaieth
Iaoaaiiee,a eae neaaenoaea, iooieo ianaeaiey ec Aoyiin-Ae?ana a
i?iaeioeeth, aieaa ?aaiiia?iiio ?ani?aaeaeaieth ianaeaiey ii oa??eoi?ee
no?aiu, /oi i?eaaae?o e nieaeaieth o?iaiy o?aaiecaoeee e
eiio?iee?iaaieth a? i?ioeanna.
A iaoe aeie o?aaiecaoeey noaea iaeiei ec iniiaiuo oaeoi?ia caa?yciaiey
ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu. Eiaiii n iae naycaii aieaa 75% iauaai iau?ia
caa?yciaiey. Aieueoea ai?iaea nouanoaaiii aeeytho ia yeieiae/aneoth
ianoaiiaeo aeaiiiai ?aae-iia. AEeoaee iacuaatho eo ” niiaiiieenaie “.
Ii aeaiiui oeie/aneeo enneaaeiaaiee, i?iaae?iiuo iauanoaii ” Greenpeace
“, oeaeo caa?yciythuaai e oaieiaiai aicaeaenoaey e?oiiuo ai?iaeia
i?ineaaeeaaaony ia ?annoiyiea aei 50 ei, ioaaouaay ieiuaaeue a 800 –
1000 eaaae?aoiuo eeeiiao?ia.
A iineaaeiaa a?aiy ioeoeeaeueiua i?aaiu e iauanoaaiiinoue yeiiiie/anee
?acaeouo no?ai i?eieiatho ?acee/iua ia?u ii io?aia e oeo/oaieth
ai?iaeneie n?aaeu. Iaeiaei ?acaeaathueany no?aiu a oneiaeyo e?aeiaai
iaaeinoaoea n?aaenoa ia iiaoo iaania/eoue ia oieueei ia?aoiae e
iaeiiooiaeiui oaoiieiaeyi, ii e no?i-eoaeuenoai ia?a?aaaouaathueo
aoi?nu?ue? eiiaeiaoia.
A yeiiiie/anee ?acaeouo no?aiao i?aaei?eieiathony aieueoea oneeey ii
?aaoee?iaaieth i?ioeanna o?aaiecaoeee, oi?aaeaieth ei. A yoie ?aaioa,
eioi?ay ia?aaeei inouanoaeyaony iaoiaeii i?ia e ioeaie, i?eieiatho
o/anoea aeaiia?aou, yeieiae, aaia?aou, yeiiiienou, nioeeieiae, a iauai
ana, eiio iaaac?acee/ia aoaeouiinoue anaai /aeiaa/anoaa. Iiea ethaee ia
oi?aaeytho i?ioeannii o?aaiecaoeee, ii aeey /aeiaaea iao ie/aai
iaaiciiaeiiai, e a nei?ii a?aiaie o?aaiecaoeey aoaeao acyoa iiae
eiio?ieue.
No?aieoea PAGE 2
Oi?aaeyai ee iu i?ioeannii
o?aaiecaoeee ?
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