oe. ssoiioiaa A.N.
IINEAA
1995
IEAI ?AAIOU:
1. Aicieeiiaaiea iiiyoey “oioaeeoa?eci”
2. Iniiaiua i?eciaee oioaeeoa?ecia
3. Iniaaiiinoe niaaoneiai oioaeeoa?ecia
4. I aicieeiiaaiee oioaeeoa?ecia
5. Oaoeci e eiiioieci eae oi?iu oioaeeoa?ecia
6. Aicieeiiaaiea oioaeeoa?ecia a ?innee
7. *oi aea oaeia oioaeeoa?eci?
8. Iniiaiua /a?ou oioaeeoa?iiai iauanoaa
9. Caeeth/aiea
1. Aicieeiiaaiea iiiyoey
“oioaeeoa?eci”.
Iiiyoea “oioaeeoa?eci” aia?aua aicieeaao a ie?oaeaiee Ionnieeie a
na?aaeeia aeaaaeoeaouo aiaeia. A iao/iie eeoa?aoo?a Caiaaea iii aioei a
iaeoiae a eiioea o?eaeoeaouo aiaeia. Noaoon aea iao/iie eiioeaioeee ca
yoei oa?ieiii ooaa?aeee nia?aaoeeny a 1952 aiaeo a NOA iieeoieiae/aneee
neiiiceoi, aaea oioaeeoa?eci aue ii?aaeae?i eae “cae?uoay e
iaiiaeaeaeiay nioeeieoeueoo?iay e iieeoe/aneay no?oeoo?a, a eioi?ie
anyeia aeaenoaea – io ainieoaiey aeaoae aei i?iecaiaenoaa e
?ni?aaeaeaiey oiaa?ia – iai?aaeyaony e eiio?iee?oaony ec aaeeiiai
oeaio?a”.
2. Iniiaiua i?eciaee
oioaeeoa?ecia.
C. Aaeaceineee ia iniiaa eco/aiey ie?iauo oioaeeoa?iuo ?aaeeiia auaeaeee
a ea/anoaa iniiaiuo i?eciaeia oioaeeoa?ecia iaee/ea aaeeinoaaiiie
ianniaie ia?oee ai aeaaa n eeaea?ii-aeeeoaoi?ii; ioeoeeaeueii
ainiiaenoaothuoth a iauanoaa eaeaieiaeth; iiiiiieeth ia n?aaenoaa
ianniaie eioi?iaoeee, ia aii?oae?iiua neeu; nenoaio oa??i?enoe/aneiai
iieeoeaeneiai eiio?iey; oeaio?aeeciaaiioth nenoaio eiio?iey e oi?aeaiey
yeiiiieeie.
3. Iniaaiiinoe niaaoneiai
oioaeeoa?ecia
?inneeneea iieeoieiae, iie?aynue ia caiaaeiua enneaaeiaaiey,
ii?aaeaeytho neaaeothuea iniaaiiinoe niaaoneiai oioaeeoa?ecia:
aaniethoiay aaeeiiee/iay aeanoue; eiaeie?eiaoeey iauanoaa (aiooaiea
aaeeiie aeieo?eiu); ecia/aeueiay aii?aeueiinoue e iieiia i?ac?aiea e
/aeiaaeo; neoac yeaiaioia aceaoneiai aeaniioecia e ?aaeeeaeueiuo
eaeaieiae/aneeo aeieo?ei; eneeth/eoaeueiay i?eaioaoeey ia aoaeouaa;
iaoaoe/aneea aiiaeyoeee e iannai; iii?a ia aiaoithth yeniaineth;
aaeeeiaea?aeaaiua aiaeoeee; anaiiaouay aa?a a ie?iaie ?aaiethoeeiiiue
i?ioeann ai aeaaa ni no?aiie-eeaea?ii.
4. I aicieeiiaaiee oioaeeoa?ecia.
Iaiaoiaeeii ioiaoeoue, /oi /anoue iieeoieiaia n/eoaao, /oi oioaeeoa?eci
anaai eeoue iieeoe/aneay iaoaoi?a, a /anoiinoe a aia?eeaineie
“Yioeeeeiiaaeee nioeeaeueiuo iaoe” 1968 aiaea ii iacaai “iaiao/iie
eiioeaioeeae”.
Oaeaea iao aaeeiiai iiaiey n?aaee iieeoieiaia i oii, eiaaea aiiaua
aiciee oioaeeoa?eci. Iaeie n/eoatho aai aa/iui ao?eaooii /aeiaa/aneie
enoi?ee, ae?oaea – aeinoiyieai eiaeono?eaeueiie yiioe, o?aouee –
oaiiiaiii eneeth/eoaeueii aeaaaeoeaoiai aaea.
Enoi?e/aneei i?ioioeiii oioaeeoa?iuo ?aaeeiia n/eoatho ainoi/iua
aeaniioee. Iaeiaei iaaeaeo oioaeeoa?eciii e i?oiaeienaeueiuie nenoaiaie
i?ioeiai (e ainoi/iuie e aa?iiaeneeie) anoue ?yae ei?aiiuo ?acee/ee.
Iaeii ec ieo ninoieo a oii, /oi yoe nenoaiu a ioee/ea io oioaeeoa?iuo ia
iaiyeenue, a anee e iaiyeenue, oi aeinoaoi/ii iaaeeaiii. A
n?aaeiaaaeiaie Aa?iia oea?eiaue oeacuaaea ai /oi aa?iaaoue, ii iicaieyea
aea?aeaoueny iaeieo e oao aea aa?iaaiee io ?iaeaeaiey aei nia?oe.
Iniaaiiinoue aea oioaeeoa?iiai ainoaea?noaa oa, /oi eiio?iee?oy iuneue
iii ia oeene?oao a? ia /?i-oi iaeiii. Auaeaeaathony aeiaiu, ia
iiaeeaaeauea ianoaeaeaieth, iaeiaei eciaiyaiua eci aeiy a aeaiue. Aeiaiu
ioaeiu aeey aaniethoiiai iiaeiiaaiey iiaeaeaiiuo, iaeiaei iaaiciiaeii
iaieoenue aac ei??aeoea, aeeeooaiuo iio?aaiinoyie iieeoeee aeanoue
i?aaea?aeaueo.
Aeae. I?oyee a 1941 aiaeo a naiae noaouea “Eeoa?aoo?a e oioaeeoa?eci”
i?eaiaeeo oaeie i?eia?: “… aei naioya?y 1939 aiaea eaaeaeiio iaioeo
aiaiyeinue a iaycaiiinoue eniuouaaoue e ?onneiio aieueoaaecio ioa?auaiea
e oaean, iinea naioya?y 1939 aiaea – ainoi?a e no?anoiia ni/oanoaea.
Anee iaaeaeo ?inneae e Aa?iaieae ia/i?ony aieia, a yoi aanueia aa?iyoii
a aeeaeaeoea ianeieueei eao, n iaecaaaeiinoueth aiiaue i?iecieae?o
e?ooay ia?aiaia.”
5. Oaoeci e eiiioieci eae oi?iu
oioaeeoa?ecia.
Aieueoeinoai iieeoieiaia noiaeeony ai iiaiee i aaeeinoaa i?ienoiaeaeaiey
oaoecia e eiiioiecia. Aeaaea oaeea i?ioeaiiinoaaeaiey eae oai?ey
eeanniaie ai?ueau e iaoeeiiaeueii-?aniaay eaeay, eioa?iaoeeiiaeeci e
iaoeeiiaeeci auiieiyee iaeeiaeiaua ooieoeee.
A ia?enecia iaoeeiiaeeci i?aaenoaaeyao niaie iiai/iue i?iaeoeo
eaieoaeenoe/aneiai ?acaeoey, eioi?iio i?ioeaiiinoiaeyaony eaeay
eioa?iaoeeiiaeecia. Iiaeaaeaiea iaoeeiiaeueiiai ia/aea aoiaeeei
eioaa?aeueiie /anoueth a eoeueoo?o oioaeeoa?ecia a NNN?. Niaaoneea
ethaee auee iauyaeaiu /eaiaie “iiaie enoi?e/aneie iauiinoe” a eeoea
eioa?iaoeeiiaeueiiai niaaoneiai ia?iaea. Yoa eaeaieiaey i?aia?aea a
naiaia?acii ia?aa??iooie oi?ia ooieoeee iaoeeiiaeecia e neoaeeea
iio?aaiinoe nio?aiaiey oeaeinoiinoe NNN? a oneiaeyo naia?aoenoneeo
ono?aieaiee ioaeaeueiuo iaoeeiiaeueiuo ?aaeiiia.
*oi eanaaony oaoecia, oi a i?i i?iecioei i?aaie/aneia neeyiea
nioeeaaeecia e iaoeeiiaeecia. ?aneci e iaoeeiiaeeci a oaoecia nua?aee
?ieue, aiaeiae/ioth oie, eioi?oth nua?aee oai?ey eeanniaie ai?ueau e
eaeay eioa?iaoeeiiaeecia a eiiioiecia. Oaoeci ioiaeaeanoaeye iauanoai n
iaoeeae, a iaoeeth – n ainoaea?noaii. Ainoaea?noai ?anniao?eaaeinue eae
th?eaee/aneia aiieiuaiea iaoeee e noiyei iaecia?eii auoa e ioaeaeueii
acyouoeiaeeaeaeia e i?aaiecaoeee, ec eioi?uo iaoeeiiaeueiay iaueia
ninoieo.
Oaeei ia?acii, e eioa?iaoeeiiaeeci e iaoeeiiaeeci auee iinoaaeaiu ia
neoaeao eaeaioe/iui oeaeyi: iainiiaaiey e eaeaieiae/aneiai ianeoaeeaaiey
oioaeeoa?iuo ?aaeeiia oaoenoneiai e eiiioienoe/aneiai oieea.
6. Aicieeiiaaiea oioaeeoa?ecia a ?innee.
Nouanoaoao aeiaieueii onoie/eaia iiaiea, niaeanii eioi?iio iiyaeaiea
niaaoneie eiiioienoe/aneie eiia?ee ia Ainoiea e iaoeenoneiai o?aoueaai
?aeoa ia Caiaaea iauyniyaony iaoeeiiaeueii – enoi?e/aneeie o?aaeeoeeyie
?innee e Aa?iaiee, e a nouiinoe yoi eeoue i?iaeieaeaiea enoi?ee yoeo
no?ai a iiauo oneiaeyo. Oaeia iiaiea aa?ii eeoue io/anoe, oaoe eae a
?innee e Aa?iaiee o?aaeeoeeiiii auee neeueiu oaiaeaioeee oeaio?aeecia e
eoeueo neeueiiai ainoaea?noaa, ii aeey oaeiai oaiiiaia, eae oioaeeoa?eci
iaiaoiaeeia iniaay nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneay neooaoeey, eioi?ay noaea au
aeaaii?eyoiie ii/aie aeey aai aicieeiiaaiey.
E niaeaeaieth, iiaeiaiay neooaoeey neiaeeeanue a ?innee a ia/aea OO-ai
aaea. Iiaeaeythuaa aieueoeinoai ianaeaiey no?aiu auei iaeia?aiioiui,
ia?iiiua iannu ?aai/eo ec ?aci?eaoeony e?anoueyi aeeee i?inoi a ieuaoa.
An? yoi i?eaaei e oiio, /oi a iauanoaa ainoi?aeanoaiaaee i?eieoeaiua,
i?inoua e ooiie/aneea eaeae n iaeiie noi?iiu, a n ae?oaie – no?aieaiea e
aeinoeaeaieth ?aaeueiuo oeaiiinoae nioeeaeueiiai ?aaaioa. Ei a?aiaie
aicieeiiaaiey oioaeeoa?iiai ?aaeeia iannu auee neaai iiaeaioiaeaiu
iieeoe/anee, ii aeaaeaeaee nioeeaeueiuo aeaa e auaeaeaeaiey ia
iauanoaaiioth iiaa?oiinoue. Eicoia nioeeaeueiie ni?aaaaeeeainoe aue
aano?aeoiui i?ecuaii, aieaa aeeceeie auee i?ecuau ei anaiauaio
?aaainoao, nioeeaeueiie o?iaieeiaea, /oi a ?acoeueoaoa ia?a?inei a
aeeeoao nioeeaeueiie eneeth/eoaeueiinoe ii i?eioeeio ?aai/aai,
aaaeiyoeeiai i?ienoiaeaeaiey.
N yoie oi/ee c?aiey iaaa?ii oaeia ?acaeaeaiea: Noaeei e aai
aaeieieno?aoeaii-eiiaiaeiue aiia?ao, iaieioee?othuee ia?iaeii, -yoi
iaeii, a no?aaeathuee ia?iae – nianai ae?oaia. Iecu ai iiiaii
ii?aaeaeyee oeao?u aiaeaeae e eo iuoeaiea. I?ienoiaeeea eae au acaeiiay
iaieioeyoeey. Aaainoeaio iieeaeaee i?aaenoaaeoaee noa?ie aaa?aeee, a ia
ia?aaeiee ieai auoiaeeee ?oeiaiaeeoaee ec iecia ia?iaea,
iaeiia?aciaaiiua io/ayiiua, aeanoieea iieeoeee, i?ioaaeoea oeieo eaoi?ae
e nnueee.
7. *oi aea oaeia oioaeeoa?eci?
Neiai “total” icia/aao “oeaeue, iauee”. Oioaeeoa?eci – yoi yaeaiea
anaiauaa, cao?aaeaathuaa ana noa?u aeecie.
A yeiiiieea ii icia/aao iaoniaea?noaeaiea yeiiiie/aneie aeecie,
yeiiiie/aneoth ianaiaiaeo ee/iinoe. Ee/iinoue ia eiaao nianoaaiiuo
eioa?ania a i?iecaiaenoaa. I?ienoiaeeo io/oaeaeaiea /aeiaaea io
?acoeueoaoia aai o?oaea, e, eae neaaenoaea, eeoaiea aai eieoeeaoeau.
Ainoaea?noaii onoaiaaeeaaaony oeaio?aeeciaaiiia, ieaiiaia oi?aaeaiea
yeiiiieeie.
O. Oaeae a naiae eieaa “Aei?iaa e ?aanoao”, iaienaiiie a 1944 aiaeo,
iniaue aeoeaio aeaeaao eiaiii ia yoii aniaeoa oioaeeoa?ecia. Ii
i?eoiaeeo e auaiaeo i oii, /oi naiaiaea iieeoe/aneay – ie/oi aac
naiaiaeu yeiiiie/aneie. Eiio?ieue iaae aaaeiaeoeie ?ano?naie iauanoaa,
eae iaoa?eaeueiuie, oae e iaiaoa?eaeueiuie, aoaeao iaoiaeeoueny o oao, a
/ueeo ?oeao nin?aaeioi/ai eiio?ieue iaae yeiiiie/aneie aeanoueth. Eaeay
oeaio?aeeciaaiiiai ieaie?iaaiey caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi ia /aeiaae, ii
iauanoai ?aoaao yeiiiie/aneea i?iaeaiu, e, neaaeiaaoaeueii, iauanoai
(oi/iaa ioaeaeueiua aai i?aaenoaaeoaee) noaeeo ia ioiineoaeueiie
oeaiiinoe oao eee eiuo oeaeae. Oai, aaea aaeeinoaaiiue ?aaioiaeaoaeue –
ainoaea?noai eee iiaeeiio?ieueiua ?aaeeio /anoiua i?aaei?eyoey ia iiaeao
auoue e ?a/e i naiaiaeiii iieeoe/aneii, eioaeeaeooaeueiii eee eaeii-eeai
eiii aieaecuyaeaiee ethaeae. O. Oaeae aeaeae iianiinoue aicieeiiaaiey
oioaeeoa?ecia a aic?anoathuai ainoaea?noaaiiii ?aaoee?iaaiee yeiiiieee
Aaeeeia?eoaiee.
A iieeoe/aneie noa?a any aeanoue i?eiaaeeaaeeo iniaie a?oiia ethaeae,
eioi?oth ia?iae ia iiaeao eiio?iee?iaaoue. Aieueoaaeee, iai?eia?,
iinoaaeaoea ia?aae niaie oeaeue naa?aeaiey nouanoaothuae nenoaiu, n
naiiai ia/aea auee auioaeaeaiu aeaenoaiaaoue eae eiinie?aoeaiay ia?oey.
Yoa eiinie?aoeaiinoue, eioaeeaeooaeueiay, eaeaieiae/aneay e iieeoe/aneay
cae?uoinoue inoaeenue a? nouanoaaiiie oa?aeoa?enoeeie e iinea caaiaaaiey
aeanoe. Iauanoai e ainoaea?noai i?e oioaeeoa?ecia ieacuaathony
iiaeiu?iiuie iaeiie ainiiaenoaothuae ia?oeae, i?ienoiaeeo neeyiea aunoeo
i?aaiia yoie ia?oee e aunoeo i?aaiia ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe. Oaeoe/anee
i?ienoiaeeo i?aa?auaiea ia?oee a ?aoathuee noa?aeiaaie yeaiaio
ainoaea?noaaiiie no?oeoo?u. Iaycaoaeueiui yeaiaioii oaeie no?oeoo?u
yaeyaony cai?ao ia iiiiceoeeiiiua ia?oee e aeaeaeaiey.
Oa?aeoa?iie /a?oie anao oioaeeoa?iuo ?aaeeiia yaeyaony oaeaea oi, /oi
aeanoue ia iie?aaony ia caeiiu e eiinoeoooeeth. A noaeeineie
eiinoeoooeee auee aa?aioe?iaaiu ii/oe ana i?aaa /aeiaaea, eioi?ua ia
aeaea i?aeoe/anee ia auiieiyeenue. Ia neo/aeii ia?aua aunooieaiey
aeenneaeaioia a NNN? i?ioiaeeee iiae eicoiaaie ca niaethaeaiea
eiinoeoooeee.
Neiioiiaoe/iu oaeaea e ianeeuenoaaiiua iaoiaeu eca?aiey oao eee eiuo
eeoe a i?aaiu ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe. Aeinoaoi/ii aniiiieoue oaeie
eo?ue?ciue oaeo: iauyaeaiea ii oaeaaeaeaieth i ?acoeueoaoao aieiniaaiey
ooaa?aeaeaeinue a i?aceaeeoia OeE EINN ca aeaa aeiy aei auai?ia.
A aeooiaiie noa?a ainiiaenoaoao iaeia eaeaieiaey e ie?iaicc?aiea. Eae
i?aaeei – yoi ooiie/aneea oai?ee, ?aaeecothuea ecaa/ioth ia/oo ethaeae i
aieaa niaa?oaiiii e n/anoeeaii iauanoaaiiii ii?yaeea, a iniiaa eioi?uo
eaaeeo eaeay aeinoeaeaiey ooiaeaiaioaeueiie aa?iiiee iaaeaeo ethaeueie.
Oioaeeoa?iue ?aaeei eniieuecoao ieoieiaece?iaaiioth aa?neth iaeiie oaeie
eaeaieiaee a ea/anoaa aaeeinoaaiii aiciiaeiiai ie?iaicc?aiey, eioi?ia
i?aa?iuaaony a iaeia iiaeiaea ainoaea?noaaiiie ?aeeaee. Yoa iiiiiieey ia
eaeaieiaeth i?iiecuaaao anth ea?a?oeth aeanoiuo ioiioaiee naa?oo aeiieco
– io aeaau ainoaea?noaa e ia?oee aei naiuo iecoeo caaiueaa aeanoe e
y/aae iauanoaa. A NNN? oaeie eaeaieiaeae noae ia?eneci, a Naaa?iie Ei?aa
– eaeae “io/oa” e o.ae. A oioaeeoa?iii ?aaeeia ana aac eneeth/aiey
?ano?nu (e iaoa?eaeueiua, e /aeiaa/aneea, e eioaeeaeooaeueiua)
iai?aaeaiu ia aeinoeaeaiea iaeiie oieaa?naeueiie oeaee: ouny/aeaoiaai
?aeoa, eiiioienoe/aneiai oea?noaa anaiauaai n/anouey e o.ae.
Yoa i?aa?au?iiay a ?aeeaeth eaeaieiaey ii?iaeeea au? iaeei oaiiiai
oioaeeoa?ecia: eoeueo ee/iinoe. Eae e anyeea ?aeeaee yoe eaeaieiaee
eiatho naie nayuaiiua ienaiey, naieo i?i?ieia e aiai-/aeiaaeia (a eeoea
aiaeaeae, oth?a?ia, aeo/a e o.ae.). Oaeei ia?acii, iieo/aaony /ooue ee
ia oaie?aoe/aneia i?aaeaiea, aaea aa?oiaiue ae?aoe-eaeaieia
iaeiia?aiaiii yaeyaony e aa?oiaiui i?aaeoaeai. I. Aa?aeyaa iacuaaao
iiaeiaioth nenoaio ia?aoiie oaie?aoeae.
8. Iniiaiua /a?ou oioaeeoa?iiai iauanoaa.
1. Eiio?ieue ca naiaiaeie iunee e iiaeaaeaiea eiaeiiuneey.
Aeae. I?oyee ii yoiio iiaiaeo ienae: “oioaeeoa?eci iinyaioe ia naiaiaeo
ee/iinoe oae, eae ieeiaaea i?aaeaea ia iiaee e aiia?aceoue. Aaaeii
ioaeaaaoue naaa io/?o a oii, /oi aai eiio?ieue iaae iuneueth i?aneaaeoao
oeaee ia oieueei cai?aoeoaeueiua, ii e eiino?oeoeaiua. Ia i?inoi
aica?aiyaony au?aaeaoue – aeaaea aeiioneaoue – ii?aaeae?iiua, ii
aeeeooaony, /oi eiaiii iaaeeaaeeo aeoiaoue. Ee/iinoue eciee?oaony,
ianeieueei aiciiaeii, io aiaoiaai ie?a, /oiau caieiooue a? a
eneonnoaaiiie n?aaea, eeoea aiciiaeiinoe niiinoaaeaiee. Oioaeeoa?iia
ainoaea?noai iaycaoaeueii noa?aaony eiio?iee?iaaoue iunee e /oanoaa ii
iaiueoae ia?a noieue aea aeaenoaaiii, neieue eiio?iee?oao eo iinooiee.”
2. ?acaeaeaiea ianaeaiey ia “iaoeo” e “iaiaoeo”.
Ethaeyi naienoaaiii – e yoi ii/oe caeii /aeiaa/aneie i?e?iaeu – auno?aa
e eaa/a noiaeyony ia iaaaoeaiie ii/aa, ia iaiaaenoe e a?aaai, caaenoe e
oai, eiio eo/oa aeeaony, /ai ia eiino?oeoeaiie caaea/a. A?aa (e
aioo?aiiee e aiaoiee) yaeyaony iaiouaieaiie /anoueth a?naiaea
oioaeeoa?iiai eeaea?a. A oioaeeoa?iii ainoaea?noaa oa??i? e no?ao
eniieuecothony ia oieueei eae eino?oiaio oie/oiaeaiey e caioaeaaiey
aeaenoaeoaeueiuo e aiia?aaeaaiuo a?aaia, ii e eae ii?iaeueiue
iianaaeiaaii eniieuecoaiue eino?oiaio oi?aeaiey iannaie. N yoie oeaeueth
iinoiyiii eoeueoeae?oaony e aini?iecaiaeeony aoiinoa?a a?aaeaeaineie
aieiu. Oaeaea oioaeeoa?eci aeieaeai iinoiyiii aeaiiino?e?iaaoue
a?aaeaeaiai naie oniaoe, aeieacuaaoue ?aaeenoe/iinoue i?iaicaeaoaaiuo
ieaiia eee iaoiaeeoue oaaaeeoaeueiua aeey ianaeaiey aeieacaoaeuenoaa,
ii/aio aeaiiua aaainu ia ?aaeeciaaiu. E nthaea i/aiue oi?ioi
aienuaaaony iiene aioo?aiieo a?aaia. Caeanue aeaenoaoao noa?ue, aeaaii
ecaanoiue i?eioeei: “?acaeaeye e aeanoaoe”. Oa, eoi “ia n iaie, a
cia/eo, i?oea ian” aeieaeiu iiaeaa?aiooueny ?ai?anneyi. Oa??i?
?acaycuaaeny aac eaeie-eeai aeaeeiie i?e/eiu e i?aaeaa?eoaeueiie
i?iaieaoeee. A iaoeenoneie Aa?iaiee ii aue ?acaycai i?ioea aa?aaa. A
Niaaoneii Nithca oa??i? ia ia?aie/eaaeny ?aniauie i?eciaeie, e aai
iauaeoii iia noaoue ethaie /aeiaae.
3. Oioaeeoa?eci nicaea?o iniaue oei /aeiaaea.
No?aieaiea oioaeeoa?ecia e ia?aaeaeea /aeiaa/aneie i?e?iaeu – iaeia ec
iniiaiuo ioee/eoaeueiuo iniaaiiinoae aai io anao ae?oaeo oi?i
o?aaeeoeeiiiiai aeaniioecia, aaniethoecia e aaoi?eoa?ecia. N yoie oi/ee
c?aiey oioaeeoa?eci yaeyaony oaiiiaiii eneeth/eoaeueii aeaaaeoeaoiai
aaea. Ii noaaeo caaea/o iieiie ia?aaeaeee e o?ainoi?iaoeee /aeiaaea a
niioaaonoaee n eaeaieiae/aneeie onoaiiaeaie, eiino?oe?iaaiey iiaiai oeia
ee/iinoe n iniaui ineoe/aneei neeaaeii, iniauie iaioaeueiinoueth,
iuneeoaeueiuie e iiaaaeai/aneeie oa?aeoa?enoeeaie, ioo?i
noaiaea?oecaoeee, oieoeeaoeee eiaeeaeaeoaeueiiai ia/aea, aai ?anoai?aiey
a ianna, naaaeaiey anao eiaeeaeaeia e eaeiio-oi n?aaeianoaoenoe/aneiio
ciaiaiaoaeth, iiaeaaeaieth ee/iinoiiai ia/aea a /aeiaaea. Oaeei ia?acii,
eiia/iay oeaeue nicaeaiey “iiaiai /aeiaaea” – oi?ie?iaaiea eiaeeaeaea,
iieiinoueth eeo?iiiai anyeie aaoiiiiee. Oaeei /aeiaaeii ia ioaeii aeaaea
oi?aaeyoue, ii aoaeao naiioi?aaeyoueny, ?oeiaiaenoaoynue oaie aeiaiaie,
eioi?ua ia aeaiiue iiiaio auaeaeaathony i?aayuae aa?oooeie. Iaeiaei ia
i?aeoeea i?iaaaeaiea yoie iieeoeee ii?iaeeei aeiiineoaeuenoai, ienaiea
aiiieiie e i?eaaei e ii?aeueiiio ?aceiaeaieth iauanoaa.
4. Ainoaea?noai aiaoeaaaony aeaaea a ee/ioth aeeciue /aeiaaea.
A oioaeeoa?iii iauanoaa an?: iaoea, eneonnoai, yeiiiieea, iieeoeea,
oeeinioey, ii?aeue e ioiioaiey iaaeaeo iieaie iai?aaeythony iaeiie
eeth/aaie eaeaae. Iaeiei ec aaaeiaeoeo iieacaoaeae i?iieeiiaaiey
oioaeeoa?iuo ia/ae ai ana noa?u aeecie yaeyaony “newspeak” – iiaiyc,
eioi?ue yaeyaony n?aaenoaii, aeaeathuei o?oaeiui, anee ia iaaiciiaeiui
au?aaeaiea eiuo oi?i iunee. O. Oaeae ienae: “… eaa/a anaai oaaaeeoue
ethaeae a iiaeeeiiinoe oeaiiinoae, eioi?ui eo canoaaeytho neoaeeoue,
anee iauynieoue ei, /oi yoi oa naiua oeaiiinoe, a eioi?ua iie anaaaea
aa?eee, i?inoi ?aiueoa yoe oeaiiinoe iiieiaeenue ia?iaaeeueii.
Oa?aeoa?iay iniaaiiinoue anae eioaeeaeooaeueiie aoiinoa?u oioaeeoa?iuo
no?ai: iieiia eca?auaiea ycuea, iiaeiaia niunea neia, i?ecaaiiuo
au?aaeaoue eaeaaeu iiaiai no?iy.”
Iaeiaei a eiia/iii eoiaa yoi i?oaeea iai?a/eaaaony i?ioea ?aaeeia. Oae
eae ethaee auioaeaeaiu i?eniinaaeeaaoueny e e??eoeeiiaeecio ycuea, iie
auioaeaeaiu aanoe nouanoaiaaiea, i?eeioi?ii neaaeiaaoue ioeoeeaeueiui
i?aaeienaieyi iaaiciiaeii, ii iaiaoiaeeii aeaeaoue aeae, /oi
?oeiaiaenoaoaoueny eie. Yoi ii?aaeaeaao eae au aeaieiie noaiaea?o a
iiaaaeaiee oiaeeoa?iiai /aeiaaea. Iiyaeythony oaiiiaiu, iacaaiiua Aeae.
I?oyeeii “doublethink” – aeaiaiuneea e “thoughtcrime” –
iuneai?anooieaiea. Oi anoue aeeciue e niciaiea /aeiaaea eae au
?acaeaaeaathony: a iauanoaa ii aiieia eiyeueiue a?aaeaeaiei, a a /anoiie
aeecie i?iyaeyao iieiia ?aaiiaeooea e iaaeiaa?ea e ?aaeeio. Oaeei
ia?acii, ia?ooaaony iaeei ec iniiaiiieaaathueo i?eioeeiia
“eeanne/aneiai” oioaeeoa?ecia: oioaeueiiai aaeeinoaa iannu e ia?oee,
ia?iaea e aiaeaey.
9. Caeeth/aiea.
Oioaeeoa?iue ?aaeei ni a?aiaiai ?aceaaaaony ecioo?e. Iniaaiii ec
iieeoe/aneie yeeou auoiaeyo eeoea, eioi?ua noaiiayony a iiiiceoeeth e
?aaeeio. N aicieeiiaaieai eiaeiiuneey io ?aaeeia io/oaeaeathony nia/aea
oceea a?oiie?iaee aeenneaeaioia, caoai oe?ieea neie ianaeaiey. Aei?ooaao
?ac?ooaiea oioaeeoa?ecia iooiae io ae?noeiai eiio?iey a yeiiiie/aneie
noa?a. Oaeei ia?acii ia niaio oioaeeoa?ecio i?eoiaeeo aaoi?eoa?eci.
Eeoa?aoo?a:
1. Aaaeiaeaa E.N. Oioaeeoa?eci eae oaiiiai OO-ai aaea. Aii?inu
oeeinioee, 1992, ? 2.
2. Aeaiie?aoey e oioaeeoa?eci. Naiaiaeiay iuneue, 1991, ? 5.
3. Caaeaaeei I.A. Oioaeeoa?eci e aeaiie?aoey: eiioeeeo aaea. Eaioaa?,
1992, ?? 7-8.
4. Eea?e E. Noaeeineee ieo i “aaeeeie naiuea”. Aii?inu eeoa?aoo?u, 1992,
? 1.
5. I?oyee Aeae. “1984” e ynna ?aciuo eao. Iineaa, I?ia?ann, 1989.
6. Naoa?ia A.I. ?aaiethoeeiiiue oioaeeoa?eci a iaoae enoi?ee. Eiiioieno,
1991, ? 5.
7. Noa?eeia A. Ia?aae auai?ii. Ciaiey, 1991, ? 5.
8. Oioaeeoa?eci, aaoi?eoa?eci e aeaiie?aoey a aeiaaeueiii eiioaenoa.
Eaoeineay Aia?eea, 1990, ?? 1-3.
9. Oaeae O.A. Aei?iaa e ?aanoao. Iiaue ie?, 1991, ?? 7-8.
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