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Социальная политика государства

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Ieai.

Aaaaeaiea.

I. Nioeeaeueiay iieeoeea nia?aiaiiiai ainoaea?noaa.

1) ainoaea?noaaiiay iieeoeea caiyoinoe e aa yooaeoeaiinoue.

2) iaania/aiea caiyoinoe ia ia/aeueiii yoaia noaiiaeaiey ?uiea.

3) nioeeaeueiay caueoa ianaeaiey – nooue e iooe aeinoeaeaiey.

II. Auieaou ii nioeeaeueiie caueoa ianaeaieth.

III. No?aoaaey e iaoiaeu ooieoeeiie?iaaiey nioeeaeueii i?eaioe?iaaiiie
yeiiiieee a nia?aiaiiii iauanoaa.

Caeeth/aiea.

Nienie eniieuecoaiie eeoa?aoo?u.

Aaaaeaiea.

Iaeaieaa ianooaaiie caaea/ae nioeeaeueii i?eaioe?iaaiiie yeiiiieee
ainoaea?noaa a oi?ie?othuainy ?uii/iii oicyenoaa Oe?aeiu yaeyaony
aeayoaeueiinoue ii nioeeaeueiie caueoa anao neiaa iauanoaa e ii
au?aaioea no?aoaaee yooaeoeaiie nioeeaeueiie iieeoeee. Oi?iie aa
?aaeecaoeee aunooiaao oaeoe/aneee ia?ac aeaenoaee ainoaea?noaa,
aiieiuaiiue a nioeeaeueioth iieeoeeo, eioi?ay ioaaouaaao ana noa?u
yeiiiie/aneeo ioiioaiee a no?aia. Iaeiei ec aaaeiaeoeo iai?aaeaiee aai
aeayoaeueiinoe yaeyaony ?aaoee?iaaiea caiyoinoe e noeioee?iaaiea
aunieieaaeeoeoee?iaaiiiai e i?iecaiaeeoaeueiiai o?oaea e ,eae
neaaenoaea, oaaee/aiey iaoeeiiaeueiiai aeioiaea .

Nouanoaotho iaeioi?ua i?iaeaiu, naycaiiua n ?aaoee?iaaieai caiyoinoe e
iaania/aiey nioeeaeueiie caueou ianaeaiey. A aeaiiie ?aaioa ?anniio?aiu
oaeea iaiaeiaaaeiua i?iaeaiu , eae ianoaaeeueiinoue ia ?uiea o?oaea e
iaaiciiaeiinoue ioaaoeoue nioeeaeueiie caueoie ana neie ianaeaiey,
iaoneiaeaiiua ionoonoaeai ii?iaoeaii-caeiiiaeaoaeueiie aacu e i?i/eie
o?oaeiinoyie, eioi?ua ceaeaeyony ia neiaeeaoaeny iieeoeei-nioeeaeueiie
aoiinoa?a iaoaai oi?ie?othuaainy a ca?iaeaeathueony ?uii/iuo ioiioaieyo
e iaeaeeaoaeny e?eieiiaaiiie neooaoeee iauanoaa, eioi?ay onoaoaeeanue
e?ecenii ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe.

Ainoaea?noaaiiay iieeoeea caiyoinoe e aa yooaeoeaiinoue.

Iaieeanneee ?anniao?eaaee ?uiie o?oaea eae ?aaiioeaiiue, aaea iiuo e
i?aaeeiaeaiea o?aaieaathony i?e iiiiue eieaaaiee o?iaiy ca?aaioiie
ieaou, a aac?aaioeoea aunooiaao niya/athuaa, oi anoue aucaaiiia
i?e?iaeiui no?aieaieai ?aaioieeia iaeoe eo/oaa ?aai/aa ianoi. A
aeaaaeoeaoii noieaoee ieacaeinue, /oi iaaiciiaeii ioaeaaaoue ?uiie
o?oaea ia “ioeoi” noeoeeiui ?uii/iui neeai. Iaeaaaeiaeoeie i?e/eiaie
?acaeoey e aeoeaecaoeee aeayoaeueiinoe ao?aeoaciiai ainoaea?noaa a
noa?a, eioi?ay ?anniao?eaaaony, auee:

1) ?acaeoea IO? e iiauoaiea ?iee /aeiaaea a iauanoaaiiii i?iecaiaenoaa;

2) iaania/aiea iaueo oneiaee aini?iecaiaenoaa, a oii /enea
aini?iecaiaenoai ?aai/ae neeu;

3) iaania/aiea i?aaei?eieiaoaeuenoaa iaiaoiaeeiuie eaae?aie;

4) iaiaoiaeeiinoue eiii?iienniinoe e niya/aiey nioeeaeueiuo eiioeeeoia;

5) niinianoaiaaiea ?acaeoeth e niaa?oainoaiaaieth eioaeeaeooaeueiiai
iioaioeeaea iauanoaa;

6) aeeyiea eaeae e eiie?aoiuo nioeeaeueiuo aeinoeaeaiee (ionoonoaea
yaiie aac?aaioeoeu – i?aaeaea anaai) eaieoaeecia;

Aeeyiea ainoaea?noaa ia ?uiie o?oaea inouanoaeyaony i?yiuie e einaaiiuie
n?aaenoaaie.

Aicieeaao aii?in, aiciiaeia ee aac?aaioeoea a iaoai iauanoaa. Aiciiaeii
e iaecaaaeii, i?aaeaea anaai ec-ca yeiiiie/aneiai e?ecena i?iecaiaenoaa,
niaio oi?i nianoaaiiinoe, eo?n ia ?aaeecaoeeth i?iecaiaenoaa,
oaoie/aneee i?ia?ann e no?oeoo?iua naeaeae a yeiiiieea, eiiaa?neth AIE.

?aaeueiua e iioaioeeaeueiua ianooaau aac?aaioeoeu a Oe?aeia a ?aciuo aa
oi?iao ia?iiiu. Niaoeeaeenou n/eoatho, /oi oieueei ne?uoay oi?ia
aac?aaioeoeu (eiaaea o?ia auiieiytho ?aaioo iaeiiai) aeinoeaaao a
a?aieoeao auaoaai NNN? aeinoeaaao 37 iei. /aeiaae. Anee o?iaaiue
i?iaeoeoeaiinoe o?oaea a iaoai iauanoaa iiaeiyoue aei iauaie?iauo
iieacaoaeae (a ia/aea 90 aa. ia iaeiiai oaooa?a i?eoiaeeeinue 320 o.
aeiau/e ia-ai?a oaey a aiae, a NOA – 7,143 o. Iaeei caiyoue a
naeueneii oicyenoaa a NNN? iia naiei o?oaeii i?iei?ieoue oieueei 15
/ae., oiaaea eae a NOA – ieiei 90 /ae., e o.ae.), oi aac?aaioiuie noaei
au aieaa 30 iei. /ae. A 1988 a. , ii ?an/aoai niaoeeaeenoia, ec 131 iei.
/ae., caiyouo a ia?iaeiii oicyenoaa, 16 iei. /ae. auee eeoieie ia
i?iecaiaenoaa. Eie iie?uaaeanue iauay iio?aaiinoue i?aaei?eyoee a
?aai/ae neea, eiaaea io ieo o?aaiaaeenue ethaee aeey naeueoic ?aaio,
oai?ee oa??eoi?ee e ae?oaeo iai?iecaiaenoaaiiuo ?aaio. Oaeoi?ii
oaaee/aiey aac?aaioeoeu a iaoai iauanoaa yaeyaony iieeoeea, iai?aaeaiiay
ia oeiainiai-e?aaeeoioth noaaeeecaoeeth yeiiiieee, oaea?aeaiea ?inoa
eioeyoeee. Ai anai ie?a oaeia iai?aaeaiea aioo?aiiae iieeoeee
ainoaea?noaa niinianoaoao iiieaeaieth ni?ina ia ?aai/oth neeo e
oaaee/eaaao a?ieth aac?aaioiuo.

Aeey iaoaai iauanoaa anoue aeaa aa?eaioa ?acaeoey. Ia?aue caeeth/aaony a
oii, /oia anai nio?aieoue noaoon-eai, oi anoue anai ieaoeoue iaeeiaeiai
e iaei, ?aai/oth neeo inoaaeoue eiiiaeeueiie. Aoi?ie ninoieo a oii,
/oiau nouanoaaiii iiauneoue o?iaaiue ca?aaioiie ieaou, ii ia anai
iaeeiaeiai, a aeeooa?aioee?iaaii, a caaeneiinoe io ?aaeueiiai aeeaaea a
i?iecaiaenoai. I?e yoii aaiaeeoue o?oaeinaa?aaathuoth oaoieeo e
oaoiieiaeth, nie?auaoue ecauoi/iua eaae?u, auiea/eaaoue ei iiniaea,
?acia? eioi?iai i?yii caaeneo io o?iaiy ca?ieaou, e i?aaeinoaaeyoue
aanieaoii aiciiaeiinoue ia?aeaaeeoeeaoeee e iiiiue a o?oaeiono?ienoaa.
Ia?aue aa?eaio cia/eoaeueii oiaiueoaao ea/anoai ?aai/ae neeu,
i?iaeoeoeaiinoue o?oaea. Aoi?ie – yoi iiaeaeue ?acaeoey ?uiea o?oaea ai
anao ?acaeouo no?aiao. Iiyoiio iaoa iauanoai aeieaeii ia?aiai?aaeyoue
naie nioeeaeueiua i?eaioe?u, auiieiythuea ei?aiiua i?aia?aciaaiey a
?acaeoee e eniieueciaaiee o?oaeiauo ?ano?nia. ?a/ue aaaeaony i ia?aiaia
eiioeaioeee ?aai/ae neeu, oi anoue ia ioeaca io eiioeaioeee iieiie
caiyoinoe e i?eiyoee ia aii?oaeaiea eiioeaioeee yooaeoeaiie caiyoinoe.

Iieeoeea iieiie caiyoinoe neiaeeeanue a iaoai iauanoaa aneaaenoaea
ainiiaenoaa oai?ee e i?aeoeee i?eieoeaiiai eiiioiecia, eioi?ua auee
?ane?eoeeiaaiu E. Ia?enii aua a ?aiieo aai ?aaioao. Iia auea
?acoeueoaoii ia?acaeouo i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo ioiioaiee nioeeaeecia e
ieceiai o?iaiy ?acaeoey i?iaeoeoeaiuo nee, i?aiaeaaeaiey yenoaineaiuo
iaoiaeia oicyenoaiaaiey.

Iaiin?aaenoaaiii iauanoaaiiue o?oae a iaoai iauanoaa a eo/oai neo/aa
noae o?oaeii ai?iaeneiai ?aaioieea, io/oaeaeaiiiai io n?aaenoa
i?iecaiaenoaa, ?acoeueoaoia e niaea?aeaiey naiaai o?oaea. Aai iieiaeaiea
a nenoaia iauanoaaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa i?aeoe/anee ii?aaeaeyaony ia
noieueei iauanioeeieiae/aneeie caeiiaie, neieueei ioiioaieyie iicaeiaai
oaiaeaeecia a noiia n ioiioaieyie ?aiiaai eaieoaeecia. E oioy nae/an
i?eiaiythony ia?u e ia?ano?ieea oicyenoaaiiiai iaoaiecia, iniiaaiiiai ia
ainiiaenoaa ainoaea?noaaiiie nianoaaiiinoe eae aeiaaeueiie /anoiie
nianoaaiiinoe, iieiaeaiea aieueoeinoaa iauae ?aai/ae neeu e iuia
oa?aeoa?ecoaony neaaeothueie /a?oaie.

Iieiay caiyoinoue i?aa?aoeeanue a iaoai iauanoaa a iiaieiaioth
caiyoinoue iaeiiiaeeueiie ?aai/ae neeu, eioi?ay i?eaueea iieo/aoue
ieceoth ca?aaioioth ieaoo ia ca o?oae, a ca ?aai/aa ianoi. Cia/eoaeueiay
/anoue ?aaioieeia e nae/an caiyoa iaeaaeeoeoee?iaaiiui ?aai/ei o?oaeii a
noa?a i?iecaiaenoaa. Yoa iiaeaeue eniieueciaaiey o?oaeiauo ?ano?nia
iaoeaeaia ia aeaoaaoth ?aai/oth neeo n ia?acaeouie nia?aiaiiuie
iio?aaiinoyie e aieueoei eiee/anoaii aanieaoiuo nioeeaeueiuo oneoa
aeinoaoi/ii ieceiai ea/anoaa.

Eaii?e?oaony ia?aoiay naycue – “ i?iecaiaenoai – /aeiaae”. I?iecaiaenoai
iaoeaeai a iniiaiii ia naie oeaee e ?aoaao naie caaea/e. I?e ionoonoaee
nioeeaeueiiai i?eaioe?iaaiiiai iauanoaaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa oaeay
iieeoeea i?eiaieoaeueii e o?oaeiaui ?ano?nai ii?iaeeea aeaoi?iaoeee:
nieaeaiea ?iaeaeaaiinoe, i?inoia aini?iecaiaenoai ?aai/ae neeu, ieioia
ainieoaiea aeaoae, ieceee o?iaaiue eaaeeoeeaoeee e ia?aciaaiey ?aai/ae
neeu e o. i. Iieiay caiyoinoue – yoi aeia?iaieueiay o?oaeiaay neoaeaa,
i?aaieciaaiiay ii aiaiiiio ia?acoeo (“ eoi ia ?aaioaao oio ia ano”,
eiaaony a aeaeo oieueei ainoaea?noaaiiue naeoi?). N oi/ee c?aiey
ainoaea?noaa, iia auea eo/oei niiniaii iaania/aiey anao ?aai/eie ianoaie
e ieieiaeueiuie n?aaenoaaie nouanoaiaaiey, a oaeaea oioaeueiui eiio?ieai
ca ianaeaieai ca ianaeaieai.

I?e yoii caiyoinoue oa?aeoa?eciaaeanue aieueoeie aeeni?iii?oeeyie:
?yaeii n eceeoeii ?aai/ae neeu a iaeieo noa?ao e aeaeao aeayoaeueiinoe
nouanoaoao eieinnaeueiue aeaoeoeeo ?aai/eo eaae?ia a ae?oaeo ( ia 100
aa?noaeia, eioi?ua ?aaioatho a iaeio niaio, i?eoiaeeony 60 ?aaioieeia,
iyoay /anoue iaoei i?inoaeaaao a aaoiia?eao ec-ca ionoonoaey aiaeeoaeae,
ia aeinoaao aeiy?ie, iaoaiecaoi?ia e no?ieoaeae).

Iiyoiio ai aoi?ie iieiaeia 80-o aiaeia auea ii?aaeaeaia e iieo/eea
ioeoeeaeueiia iaeia?aiea eiioeaioeey yooaeoeaiie caiyoinoe. Yoi ia
iiaieiaiay, a nioeeaeueii i?eaioe?iaaiiay caiyoinoue, iniiaiuie
eiiiiiaioaie eioi?ie yaeythony: nie?auaiea (eeeaeaeaoeey a
aoaeouai)oyaeaeiai,i?eieoeaiiai, iaeaaeeoeoee?iaaiiiai o?oaea;
noeioee?iaaiea aeaeeo oi?i caiyoinoe, /oi aeaao aiciiaeiinoue
iaania/eoue ?aaioie anao aeaeathueo ?aaioaoue ianoieueei, ianeieueei iie
yoiai aeaeatho; oi?ie?iaaiea nioeeaeueiiai ia?oia?noaa ?aaioathueo ii
iaeio n aaeieieno?aoeeae, /oi i?aaeoniao?eaaao aiciiaeiinoue aaaeaiey
ia?aaiai?ia ii oneiaeyi e iieaoa o?oaea; naiaiaea auai?a ianoa ?aaiou n
oi/ee c?aiey oi?iu nianoaaiiinoe (ain. i?aaei?eyoea, /anoiia,
eiiia?aoeaiia, eieeaeoeaiia, iauanoaaiiia e o.i.); oneeaiea nayce iieaou
o?oaea n eiia/iui ?acoeueoaoii, eeeaeaeaoeey i?eioeeia iieaou ca auoiae,
ca ?aai/aa ianoi; i?eciaiea iauanoaaiii iieiioeaiiie ?aaiou a naiuea;
aaaaeaiea ieieioia e eeeaeaeaoeey iaeneioia ca?aaioiie ieaou.

Yooaeoeaiay caiyoinoue – yoi iiaeaeue ?acaeoey e eniieueciaaiey
eaaeeoeoee?iaaiiie, aei?iaie e iiaeeueiie ?aai/ae neeu, i?eaioe?iaaii ia
ia?aioeaieo aa aic?anoathueo iaoa?eaeueii-auoiauo iio?aaiinoae.
Aieueooth ?ieue a ?aaeecaoeee eiioeaioeee yooaeoeaiie caiyoinoe aeieaeiu
ea?aoue ainoaea?noaaiiay neoaeaa o?oaeiono?ienoaa, o/?aaeaeaiiue
ainoaea?noaii oiiae oeo/oaiey caiyoinoe (io/eneaiey ia iaai ninoaaeytho
1% io oiiaea ca?aaioiie ieaou iacaaeneii io oi?iu nianoaaiiinoe).
Iaiaoiaeeii i?aaieciaaoue oaeaea neoaeao i?iaiice?iaaiey i?ioeannia,
eioi?ua i?ienoiaeyo a noa?a ni?ina e i?aaeeiaeaiey o?oaea,
?ac?aaaouaaoue i?ia?aiiu i?aia?aciaaiey anao oi?i o?iaiae ia?aciaaiey e
iao/aiey, iiaeaioiaee e ia?aiiaeaioiaee ?aai/eo eaae?ia. Iieeoeea
yooaeoeaiie caiyoinoe yaeyaony aieaa ?aoeeiiaeueiie, nioeeaeueii
iai?aaeaiiie, /oi ioaa/aao o?aaiaaieyi ?uiea ?aai/ae neeu, eioi?ue
oi?ie?oaony.

Iaania/aiea caiyoinoe ia ia/aeueiii yoaia noaiiaeaiey ?uiea.

Naiua ia?aua oaae e ?uii/iie yeiiiieea oaea?eee aua ii iaeiie noa?a
ioiineoaeueiiai nioeeaeueiiai aeaaiiieo/ey a i?aaeiae nenoaia
oicyenoaiaaiey – ii iieiie caiyoinoe.

I?iaeaia yoa eneeth/eoaeueii neiaeia oaea oai, /oi cao?aaeaaao onoie
i?aaeiae yeiiiie/aneie nenoaiu, eneeth/aaoae aac?aaioeoeo, ai anyeii
neo/aa, ia ne?uooth i?eaea/aieai ecauoi/iuo ?aaioieeia. Aaaeii
ioiaoeoue, /oi aac?aaioeoea, n eioi?ie iu ia/eiaai noaeeeaaoueny
nae/an, naycaia ia n oaoie/aneei i?ia?annii eee e?ecenii
ia?ai?iecaiaenoaa, eae yoi i?ienoiaeeo oeeeee/anee a ?uii/iie yeiiiieea,
a n oaeoi?aie, iaoneiaeaiiuie aeoaieeie aeaoi?iaoeeyie a
i?aaeoanoaothuai ?acaeoee ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa.

Ono?aiaiea oaeeo aeaoi?iaoeee o?aaoao oi?ne?iaaiiiai ?inoa i?iecaiaenoaa
oiaa?ia ia?iaeiiai iio?aaeaiey, iiyaeaiey a yoie iaeanoe iiauo
i?aaei?eyoee, oe?i. Caeanue a nayce n aunieei ni?inii (e, cia/eo,
aunieeie oeaiaie) aeieaeia aieueoa iiauoaoueny e ca?aaioiay ieaoa.

Iiyoiio a aeaiiie noa?a a oeaeii oa?ica aac?aaioeoeu aeieaeia
ionoonoaiaaoue. I?aaei?eyoey aea iaoeiino?iaiey, aiaiii-i?iiuoeaiiiai
eiiieaena iaoiaeyony a oiaaeea.

Oaeia iieiaeaiea ia?acoao aaco aeey no?oeoo?iie aac?aaioeoeu,
oa?aeoa?iie aeey iaoae i?aia?acothuaeny yeiiiieee. E ?a/ue caeanue,
i/aaeaeii, eaeao i i?ioeanna ia oieueei o?oaeiii e aieaciaiiii, ii e
aanueia caoyaeiii, iineieueeo ono?aiaiea aeoaieeo no?oeoo?iuo
ia?aeinia a ei?ioeea n?iee ia?aaeueii. Ai?i/ai, e yoi ono?aiaiea ia
nieiao i?iaeaio aac?aaioeoeu iieiinoueth. Iineaaeiyy eeoue ia?aoao
oi?iu, oa?aeoa?iua aeey c?aeie ?uii/iie n?aaeu, a eioi?ie
aunaiaiaeaeaiea ?aaioieeia i?ienoiaeeo i?aaeaea anaai iiae aicaeaenoaeai
?aaeecoaiuo i?aaeeiaeaiee iao/ii-oaoie/aneiai i?ia?anna e
eioaineoeeaoeee i?iecaiaenoaa.

Aeaeaa, anee ia Caiaaea aac?aaioeoea aicieeaao a oneiaeyo
ia?ai?iecaiaenoaa oiaa?ia e ioiineoaeueiie ocinoe ?uiea, ?acoeueoaoii
/aai e yaeyaony iaaeaiea ni?ina ia ?aai/oth neeo, oi a iaoeo oneiaeyo
neooaoeey eiay. Aiiaua aiai?y, ia iiaeao auoue aac?aaioeoeu a oii
iauanoaa, aaea ionou iieee iaaaceiia: ni?in ia i?iaeoeou e oiaa?u
aeieaeai aaoiiaoe/anee “aninaoue” aunaiaiaeaeathueony ?aaioieeia
iieacaee iaaioiaiinoue eae ainoaea?noaaiiuo i?aaiia oae e naieo
i?aaei?eyoee e ?aoaieth i?iaeaiu.

Ioeac io onoaiiaee ia iieioth caiyoinoue icia/aao iioa?th aaaeiie
nioeeaeueiie aa?aioee ni anaie auoaeathueie ionthaea iineaaenoaeyie.
Caeanue o?aaoaony anee ia iieiia i?aaeioa?auaiea oaeie iioa?e (yoi
iaaiciiaeii), oi, ii e?aeiae ia?a, ineaaeaiea ii?iaeaeaaiuo ath yaeaiee.

Iaiaoiaeei eiiieaen ia?ii?eyoee, oii?yaei/eaathueo i?ioeann, ia aeathueo
aac?aaioeoea noaoue ianniaie, iicaieythueo yooaeoeaii aanoe
ia?aeaaeeoeeaoeeth ?aaioieeia, iiaeaea?aeeaaoue eo a ia?eiae iienea
?aaiou, aeoeaii nicaeaaaoue iiaua ?aai/ea ianoa e o.ae.

Nieaeaiea eaieoaeueiuo aeiaeaiee a ainoaea?noaaiiii ianooaaa (a iii
iaecaaaeii i?e “ie i?iaeai oeiainiaie iiaeeecaoeee e eeeaeaeaoeee
aeaoeoeeoiinoe athaeaeaoa) iiaeao auoue ianeieueei eiiiaine?iaaii
yia?ae/iie eiaanoeoeeiiiie iieeoeeie ianoiuo, ?aaeiiaeueiuo aeanoae.

Nae/an a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue i?aaeiieaaaaony iaania/eoue eiiiainaoeeth
iioa?ue a iieaoa o?oaea. ?a/ue eaeao i?aaeaea anaai i iiniaeyo ii
aac?aaioeoea, auieaoa iiaeuaiiuo ia iiaii ianoa aeeoaeuenoaa, auoiaeiuo
iiniaee o.i. Aii?in oie?aaony a enoi/ieee oeiaine?iaaiey, a nicaeaiea
iniauo neoaea caiyoinoe, nenoaiu ia?aiiaeaioiaee eaae?ia,
eioi?iaoeeiiiuo oeaio?ia, nin?aaeioi/eaathueo aeaiiua ia eceeoeao
?aai/ae neeu e iio?aaiinoe a iae.

A ianoiyuaa a?aiy i?aaei?eyoey auiea/eaatho /anoue naieo aeioiaeia aeey
oi?ie?iaaiey oiiaea caiyoinoe.. Yoe io/eneaiey, i?aaeiieaaaaony, aoaeoo
?anoiaeiaaoueny i?aeiouanoaaiii ia iiniaee ii aac?aaioeoea ?aaioieeai
athaeaeaoiuo o/?aaeaeaiee, ia ia?aiao/aiea eaae?ia e niaea?aeaiea
neoaea caiyoinoe.

Iaeaieaa ia?niaeoeaiie e yooaeoeaiie i?aaenoaaeyaony nenoaia
yeiiiie/aneeo eueaio i?aaei?eyoeyi, eioi?ua naie nicaeaaeoo o naay
aeiiieieoaeueiua ?aai/ea ianoa e o?oaeiono?aeaatho aunaiaiaeaeathueo
?aaioieeia, ia?aiao/atho eo. A iaa?aaeo oaeea i?aaei?eyoey iiaoo
inaiaiaeaeaoueny io /anoe iaeiaia, iieo/aoue eueaioiua eiaanoeoeee iiae
i?e?ino ?aai/eo iano e ae?oaea i?aaeii/oaiey. Anee aea i?aaei?eyoea
(ethaie oi?iu nianoaaiiinoe) auoaeeeaaao eceeoithth ?aai/oth neeo, oi
noiia aa oanoe – aeaaiaaeoeaoeiany/iioi niaea?aeaiey aeieaeia aiineoueny
a ioieoeeiaeueiua i?aaiu, eioi?ua ia?a?ani?aaeaeytho e
ia?aiiaeaioaaeeaatho aunaiaiaeaeaiiuo ethaeae. ?aaioiaeaoaey iieacii
noaaeoue ia?aae aeueoa?iaoeaie: nicaeaaaoue iiaua ?aai/ea ianoa ia
nianoaaiiii i?aaei?eyoee eee iiea/eaaoue niaea?aeaiea naieo auaoeo
?aai/eo. Eiaiii oaeie iaoaieci, enoaoe, nouanoaoao a Oaaoeee, aaea,
eae e a ssiiiee, aac?aaioeoea caiaoii iaiueoa, /ai a ae?oaeo
ainoaea?noaao n ?acaeoie ?uii/iie yeiiiieeie.

A caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa iaeioi?uo ?anioaeee NIA i?aaeoniio?aii, /oi noiiu
n?aaenoa, cao?a/aiiua ia i?ioanneiiaeueioth iiaeaioiaeo e
ia?aeaaeeoeeaoeeth ?aaioieeia, au/eoathony ec iaeiaiiaeaaaaiie i?eauee
Anoue iaaeaaeaeu, /oi yoa ia?a neaaeaony ia i?ioeannao i?aiaeieaiey
ianniaie aac?aaioeoeu.

Iaaa?ii n/eoaoue aac?aaioeoeo iai?aiaiiui ao?eaooii ?uii/iie yeiiiieee.
Iai?ioea, oaeie yeiiiieea, anee enoiaeeoue ec naieo i?eioeeiia aa
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey, aac?aaioiua ia o?aaothony, iineieueeo iie ia
yaeythony aaniiuie iieoiaoaeyie. Eiay ianeieueei ea?oeia noaiiaeaiey
?uiea, ii ia iii naii ii naaa aucuaaao iacaiyoinoue. Iineaaeiyy ana
aea, i?eiaieoaeueii e iaoei eiie?aoiui oneiaeyi, ei?aieony a oao
niiniaao ?acaeoey ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa, eioi?ua ia i?eaietho ?uiie e
aeaoi?ie?otho yeiiiieeo i?iecaieii, i?ioeainoiyuei iauaeoeaiui
yeiiiie/aneei caeiiai.

Nioeeaeueiay caueoa ianaeaiey – nooue e iooe aeinoeaeaiey.

Nooue e iooe aeinoeaeaiey. N ia?aoiaeii e ieaiiai-?uii/iie yeiiiieea
aoaeao cia/eoaeueii aic?anoaoue a?iey aac?aaioiuo, oooaeoaoueny
oaa?aiiinoue a caao?aoiai aeia e o.ae. Yoi o?aaoao io ainoaea?noaa
i?iaaaeaiey aeoeaiie nioeeaeueiie iieeoeee ia o?iaia ainoaea?noaa,
i?aaei?eyoee.

Nioeeaeueiay iieeoeea – yoi eiiieaen nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneeo ia?
ainoaea?noaa i?aaei?eyoee, i?aaiecaoeee, ianoiuo i?aaiia aeanoe,
iai?aaeaiiuo ia caueoo ianaeaiey io aac?aaioeoeu, aic?anoaiey ?inoa oeai
e o.ae.

Iniiaiuie i?eioeeiaie i?iaaaeaiey nioeeaeueiie iieeoeee yaeythony:

1) caueoa o?iaiy aeecie iooai aaaaeaiey ?aciuo oi?i eiiiainaoeee i?e
iiauoaiee oeai e i?iaaaeaiea eiaeaenaoeee;

2) iaania/aiea iiiiue naiui aaaeiui naiueyi;

3) auaea/a iiiiue ia neo/ae aac?aaioeoeu;

4) iaania/aiea iieeoeee nioeeaeueiiai no?aoiaaiey, onoaiiaeaiea
ieieiaeueiie ca?aaioiie ieaou aeey ?aaioathueo;

5) ?acaeoea ia?aciaaiey, io?aia caei?iauey, ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu a
iniiaiii ca n/ao ainoaea?noaa;

6) i?iaaaeaiea aeoeaiie iieeoeee, iai?aaeaiiie ia iaania/aiea
eaaeeoeeaoeee.

I?iaeaia nioeeaeueiie caueou ianaeaiey ii ?aciiio ?aoaaony a ?aieao oie
eee eiie nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneie oi?iaoeee, eiie?aoiie no?aiu. I?e
ia?aoiaea Oe?aeiu e nioeeaeueii iai?aaeaiiie ?uii/iie yeiiiieea iniiaiay
oyaeanoue nioeeaeueiie caueou eiaeeony ia ainoaea?noai, ii iaeiia?aiaiii
oaaee/eaaaony ?ieue ?uii/iiai iaoaiecia a i?iaaaeaiee oaeie iieeoeee.
Neaaeoy noaouea 25 Aeaeea?aoeee i?aa /aeiaaea, nia?aiaiiia i?aaiaia
ainoaea?noai aeieaeii aa?aioe?iaaoue i?aai ia oaeie o?iaaiue aeecie,
eioi?ue o/eouaaao iaania/aiea ethaeae aaeie, iaeaaeaeie, aeeeeuai,
iaaeeoeeineei ianeoaeeaaieai, eioi?ia iaiaoiaeeii aeey iiaeaea?aeaiey
caei?iauey, e i?aaa ia nioeeaeueiia iaania/aiea ia neo/ae aac?aaioeoeu,
aieacie, eiaaeeaeiinoe, aaeianoaa, noa?inoe eee ae?oaeo niiniaia e
nouanoaiaaieth i?e iacaaeneiuo io /aeiaaea ianoiyoaeuenoaao.

Aeey iaania/aiey oaeie caueou ainoaea?noai aeieaeii i?aaeaea anaai a
caeiiiaeaoaeueiii ii?yaeea onoaiiaeoue iniiaiua nioeeaeueiua aa?aioee,
iaoaieci eo ?aaeecaoeee, e ooieoeee i?aaeinoaaeaiey nioeeaeueiie
iiaeaea?aeee.

?yaeii n ainoaea?noaii, nioeeaeueioth caueoo iaania/eaatho i?aaei?eyoey
(eee i?aaei?eieiaoaee) e naie iaaiiua ?aaioieee – eo i?ionithciua
i?aaiecaoeee.

A nenoaia nioeeaeueiie caueou ianaeaiey naiui aaaeiui yeaiaioii
aunooiaao nioeeaeueiia no?aoiaaiea, a eioi?ia aoiaeeo iaineiiiia,
iaaeeoeeineia, no?aoiaaiea io aac?aaioeoeu e io ian/anoiuo neo/aaa ia
i?iecaiaenoaa. A ?acaeouo no?aiao Caiaaea iaaeeoeeineia e iaineiiiia
no?aoiaaiea inouanoaeyaony iooai oaea?aeaiee ec ca?aaioiie ieaou e
i?eauee a iaeeiaeiaii ?acia?a. A NOA, iai?eia?, n yoie oeaeueth ec
ca?aaioiie ieaou iaaiiuo ?aaioieeia oaea?aeeaaaony 7,5%. A Oaaoeee
nioeeaeueiua oiiaeu oi?ie?othony iieiinoueth ca n/ao ainoaea?noaa. A
ssiiiee ieaoaaee ia nioeeaeueiia no?aoiaaiea ninoaaeytho 7% n?aaeiae
ca?ieaou ?aaioieea. N?aaenoaa ec yoeo oiiaeia iai?aaeythony
niaoeeaeueiuie niaaoaie, a eioi?ua aoiaeyo i?aaenoaaeoaee o?oaeyueony e
i?aaei?eieiaoaeae.

No?aoiaaiea io aac?aaioeoeu i?aaeinoaaeyaony ec niaoeeaeueiuo no?aoiauo
oiiaeia. ?acia? auieao caaeneo, ai-ia?auo, io aeeeoaeueiinoe ia?eiaea
aac?aaioeoeu, ai-aoi?uo, io niaoeeoe/aneeo oneiaee oie eee eiie no?aiu.
A ia?aii neo/aa iaeneiaeueiua noiiu auieao (io 50 aei 70% n?aaeiae
ca?ieaou) auiea/eaathony a ia?aua ianyoeu aac?aaioeoeu a oa/aiea
ii?aaeaeaiiiai ia?eiaea. Aeaeaa noiiu auieao oiaiueoathony.

Ai aoi?ii neo/aa aa?aony ai aieiaiea ia?eiae caiyoinoe, o?oaeiaie noaae,
oece/aneay i?eaiaeiinoue e o?oaeo, a?aiy i?aaeinoaaeaiey iiiiue e ae?.
Oae, a Aa?iaiee o?oaeiaie noaae aeieaeai ninoaaeyoue ia iaiaa 6 ianyoeaa
caiyoinoe a oa/aiea 3-o eao e ia iaiaa 10 iaaeaeue a oa/aiea iineaaeiaai
aiaea ia?aae iioa?ae ?aaiou. Ai O?aioeee oaeei oneiaeai yaeyaony ?aaioa
a oa/aiea 150 aeiae ca aiae e 91 aeaiue no?aoiaaiey. A Aaeeeia?eoaiee
aa?aony ai aieiaiea oieueei auieaoa aciinia a no?aoiaie oiiae: a oa/aiea
aiaea eo aeieaeii auoue 26.

Aaaeiui caaiii nioeeaeueiie caueou ianaeaiey yaeythony i?ia?aiiu
o?oaeiono?ienoaa e ia?aeaaeeoeeaoeee I?e aaaaeaiee a aeaenoaea yoeo
i?ia?aii o/anoaotho ainoaea?noai e i?aaei?eieiaoaee. Aaeaaiaeii
aia?eeaineea oe?iu oioyo ia yoe ia?u ieiei 30 ie?ae. aeieea?ia.
Ainoaea?noai o?aoeo ia ?aaeecaoeeth i?ia?aii ia?aeaaeeoeeaoeee aieueooth
/anoue n?aaenoa.

E eiioeo 90-o aiaeia a NOA i?ieaeoo ia?aeaaeeoeeaoeeth eee aoaeoo
iao/aoueny ieiei 50 iei. /ae. N oeaeueth nicaeaiey iiauo ?aai/eo iano
ainoaea?noai aa?ao ia naay oaeaea auiieiaiea oaeeo iauanoaaiiuo ?aaio,
eae no?ieoaeuenoai aei?ia, eaiaeecaoeee e o.ae. A a?aiy yeiiiie/aneiai
e?ecena ainoaea?noai oaaee/eaaao eaieoaeiaeiaeaiey a ainoaea?noaaiiua
i?aaei?eyoey. I?ia?aiiu o?oaeiono?ienoaa inouanoaeythony oaeaea iooai
eueaioiiai iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey eiiiaiee, eioi?ua nicaeatho ?aai/ea ianoa.

A iauaiaoeeiiaeueiii ianooaaa nia?aiaiiia ainoaea?noai n oeaeueth
oiaiueoaiey a?iee aac?aaioiuo iuoaaony ?aaoee?iaaoue ca?aaioioth ieaoo
ia oaeii o?iaia, /oiau oaiiu aa ?inoa auee ieaea io ?inoa
i?iaeoeoeaiinoe o?oaea. Aeey yoiai inouanoaeyaony “iieeoeea aeioiaeia”,
aeoeaiay e?aaeeoii-aeaiaaeiay iieeoeea e o.ae. Oaeoth oaeoeeo i?eiaiytho
/anoiua oe?iu, iuoaynue naeaeaoue oae, /oiau o?iaaiue i?iaeoeoeaiinoe
o?oaea iia?aaeae ?ino iieaou ?aai/ae neeu. Iaeaieueoeo oniaoia a yoii
aeaea aeinoeaee NOA. N 1974 a. aei na?aaeeiu 80-o aiaeia auei ia?aciaaii
23 iei. aeiiieieoaeueiuo ?aai/eo iano e i?eiyoi ia ?aaioo 12 iei.
yiiea?aioia. Oa?aeoa?ii, /oi ca yoi a?aiy 500 naiuo iiaouanoaaiiuo
ei?ii?aoeee Aia?eee nie?aoeee 3 iei. ?aai/eo iano, a iaeeea ia?aciaaee 7
iei. oaeeo iano.

Eiie?aoiua ?acoeueoaou a inouanoaeaiee iieeoeee o?oaeiono?ienoaa iiaeao
aeaoue nie?auaiea ?aai/aai aeiy. Ca iineaaeiea 100 eao a aieueoeinoaa
?acaeouo no?ai Caiaaea i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue ?aai/aai aeiy nie?aoeeanue
aaeaia. Eneeth/aieai ec yoiai i?aaeea noaea oieueei ssiiiey. ssiiiaoe
naaiaeiy ?aaioaao a n?aaeiai 2150 /ania a aiae, /oi ia 230 /ania
aieueoa, /ai a NOA, ia 450 /ania aieueoa, /ai a Aa?iaiee, ia 400 /ania
aieueoa, /ai ai O?aioeee. Nie?auaiea i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoe ?aai/aai aeiy
n oeaeueth oaaee/aiey caiyoinoe i?ienoiaeeei a Oaaoeee a 70-o aiaeao, ai
O?aioeee – a 1982-1983 aa. e iaeioi?uo ae?oaeo no?aiao.

A Oe?aeia caeiiiaeaoaeueioth iniiao i?ia?aii caueou ianaeaiey i?e
ia?aoiaea e nioeeaeueii i?eaioe?iaaiiie ?uii/iie yeiiiieea caeiaeaii a
caeiia Oe?aeia “I caiyoinoe” e Ainoaea?noaaiiie i?ia?aiia caiyoinoe. A
yoie i?ia?aiia i?aaeoniio?aii eiiieaen ia?, iai?aaeaiiuo ia nio?aiaiea
aunieiai o?iaiy caiyoinoe, oniaa?oainoaiaaiey aai no?oeoo?u e
iiaeaea?aeee ?uiea (n yoie oeaeueth aoaeao iinoaiaiii oi?ie?iaaoueny
aeeeeuiue ?uiie, oniaa?oainoaiaaoueny eio?ano?oeoo?a ?uiea o?oaea,
aoaeao oneeeaaoueny iiaeeueiinoue ?aai/ae neeu e ae?.), niaio no?oeoo?u
?aai/eo iano ca n/ao aunaiaiaeaeaiey /anoe ?aaioieeia ec iaia?niaeoeaiuo
a ia?niaeoeaiua io?anee e oaaee/aiea caiyoinoe a noa?a iaiaoa?eaeueiiai
aini?iecaiaenoaa, iiauoaiea iauaia?aciaaoaeueiiai, eaaeeoeoee?iaaiiiai
o?iaiy ?aai/ae neeu. Aieaa eiie?aoii noaaeony caaea/a nicaeaiey
aeiiieieoaeueiuo ?aai/eo iano a caiaaeiuo iaeanoyo Oe?aeiu (aaea
nouanoaoao eceeoae ?aai/ae neeu), oi?ie?iaaiea aincaeaca ia i?iaaaeaiea
iauanoaaiiuo ?aaio n oeaeueth oeo/oaiey ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu, ?acaeoey
naoe aei?ia e nicaeaiea nioeeaeueiie eio?ano?oeoo?u ianaeaiiuo ioieoia;
iaania/aiea i?ioanneiiaeueiie iiaeaioiaee e ia?aeaaeeoeeaoeee ?aai/ae
neeu; iaania/aiea caiyoinoe oai a?aaeaeaiai, eioi?ui iaiaoiaeeia
nioeeaeueiay caueoa (iieiaeaaeue, eiaaeeaeu e ae?.); oi?ie?iaaiea
eio?ano?oeoo?u ?uiea ?aai/ae neeu (iniauaiea niioaaonoaothuae oaoieeie
oeaio?ia caiyoinoe, ia?aciaaiey eioi?iaoeeiiii-ni?aai/iie nenoaiu
caiyoinoe ianaeaiey e o.ae.).

Iaeiei ec yeaiaioia nioeeaeueiie caueou ianaeaiey i?e ieaiiai-?uii/iie
yeiiiieea yaeyaony i?aaiaia ?aaoee?iaaiea iaaiiiai o?oaea, eioi?ia
inouanoaeyaony iooai caeiiiaeaoaeueiiai onoaiiaeaiey ieieiaeueiiai
o?iaiy ca?aaioiie ieaou, iainee, ii?yaeea niaa?oaiey eieeaeoeaiuo
aeiaiai?ia ii ioiioaieth e oneiaeyi o?oaea, iieaoa ?aai/ae neeu,
nioeeaeueiiai no?aoiaaiey, ioioneia e o.ae.

I?e onoaiiaeaiee ieieiaeueiiai o?iaiy ca?aaioiie ieaou a aeieoiaioao III
?aeiiaiaeoaony o/eouaaoue iio?aaiinoe ?aaioieeia e eo naiae, noieiinoue
aeeeuey, nioeeaeueiua eueaiou, o?iaaiue eioeyoeee, a oaeaea iieacaoaee,
eioi?ua aeeytho ia o?iaaiue caiyoinoe.

Ca aaco ieieiaeueiiai o?iaiy ca?aaioiie ieaou i?eieiatho iaai? iniiaiuo
oiaa?ia e oneoa, eioi?ua oaeiaeaoai?ytho iniiaiua oeceieiae/aneea e
nioeeaeueiua ioaeaeu ioaeaeueiiai /aeiaaea eee oeiiauo naiae ?aciiai
oeia (n iaeiei ?aaaieii, aeaoiy e ae?.). E yoiio iaai?o a ?aciuo no?aiao
aeeth/atho iaiaeeiaeiaua eiiiiiaiou. A NOA, iai?eia?, a iaai aoiaeeo
iieaoa iaaiiiai aeeeuey, ieiei 20 aeaeia iynii?iaeoeoia, iieoiee 1 ?ac a
iyoue eao iiaea?aeaiiiai aaoiiiaeey e ae?.

?acia? ieieiaeueiie ca?aaioiie ieaou a ?acaeouo no?aiao Caiaaea
ninoaaeyao io 30 aei 50% ?acia?a n?aaeiae ca?aaioiie ieaou. A NOA yoio
iieacaoaeue naaiaeiy ninoaaeyao 4.5 aeie. a /an. Ioaeaeueiue ieieioi
onoaiaaeeaaaony aeey iieiaeaaee.

A Oe?aeia n 1.01.1993 a. ieieiaeueiue ?acia? ca?aaioiie ieaou ninoaaeye
4600 e?a. Oaeei aea aue ?acia? ieieiaeueiie iainee. Ii anee a NOA
ieieiaeueiue o?iaaiue ca?aaioiie ieaou onoaiiaeai ec ?an/aoa, /oiau
iio?aaeaiea iyna a aiae ia aeooo ianaeaiey ninoaaeyei 80 ea, oi a
Oe?aeia ia ieieiaeueioth ca?aaioioth ieaoo iiaeii auei i?eia?anoe
oieueei ieiei 50 ea iyna a aiae, ii aeaiaa ia ae?oaea oiaa?u e oneoae
oaea ia inoaaaeinue. Iaaeaeoia?iaeiay i?aaiecaoeey i?iaeiaieuenoaey
?aeiiaiaeoao 33 ea iyna a aiae, ii oaeia eiee/anoai yoiai i?iaeoeoa
iio?aaeyaony oieueei a neaai?acaeouo no?aiao.

Iaeaieaa iaueie e?eoa?eyie aaaeiinoe yaeythony aac?aaioeoea e eioeyoeey,
o?iaaiue eioi?uo oa?aeoa?ecotho noaiaiue aaaeiinoe. Noiia?iay aaee/eia
yoeo iieacaoaeae a NOA iacuaaaony “eiaeaenii oaiainoe”. Oae, anee
eiaeaen aac?aaioeoeu ninoaaeyao 2%, a eiaeaen eioeyoeee – 1000%, oi
“eiaeaen oaiainoe”- 1002%.

Iniiaiui e?eoa?eai aaaeiinoe yaeyaony o?iaaiue aeioiaeia, eioi?ue
i?eoiaeeony ia iaeiiai /aeiaaea. Iauei e?eoa?eai aaaeiinoe yaeyaony
no?oeoo?a iio?aaeaiey naiae, iai?eia?, aeiey cao?ao ia aaeo. A NOA,
iai?eia?, e /eneo aaaeiuo a eiioea 80-o aiaeia ioiineeenue oa naiuee,
eioi?ua o?aoeee ai iio?aaeaiea o?aoueth /anoue naiaeiiai athaeaeaoa. A
?innee a 1992 aiaeo cao?aou ia aaeo a aeioiaeao aieueoeinoaa naiae
ninoaaeyee ieiei 75%. A Oe?aeia neooaoeey aua aieaa iaaeaaii?eyoiay.

Iauee o?iaaiue aaaeiinoe a oie eee eiie noaia ii?aaeaeyaony iieacaoaeai
aeiee /enea aaaeiuo ethaeae a iauae /eneaiiinoe ianaeaiey io 15 eao e
noa?oa. Naia aaaeiinoue ecia?yaony n iiiiuueth i?iaeeoi/iiai ieieioia,
eioi?ue nouanoaoao a aeaea aeeciaiiiai (eee oeceieiae/aneiai) ieieioia e
nioeeaeueiiai ieieioia. Ia?aue iieacuaaao oaeiaeaoai?aiea oieueei
aeaaiuo oeceieiae/aneeo iio?aaiinoae e iniiaiuo oneoa.

Ae?oaie, e?iia yoiai, aeeth/aao ieieiaeueiua aeooiaiua e nioeeaeueiua
cai?inu.

Aeey ii?aaeaeaiey aaniethoiiai o?iaiy i?iaeeoi/iiai ieieioia iaeaieaa
oi/iui yaeyaony iaoiae iio?aaeoaeueneie ei?ceiu. Oae, a Aieaa?ee a
ninoaa oaeie ei?ceiu ia naiueth ec aeaoo /aeiaae aeeth/aeenue 552
iiceoeee, ec o?ao – 639, a ec /aou?ao – 652. iio?aaeoaeueneay ei?ceia
ninoaaeyaony ec 149 iiceoeee ii i?iaeiaieuenoaaiiui oiaa?ai (eee 23-27%
iauaai eiee/anoaa iiceoeee iacaaiiuo o?ao oeiia naiae) n oaeei ?an/aoii,
/oiau no?oeoo?a aaeu iaania/eaaea nooi/ioth eaei?eeiinoue aeey
?aaioathueo a eiee/anoaa 2822 eae, aeey iaineiia?ia – 2026 e aeey aeaoae
– 2123. A 1988 a. o?iaaiue i?iaeeoi/iiai ieieioia ii ioiioaieth e
n?aaeiaaeooaaiio aeioiaeo a yoie no?aia ninoaaee 69%.

A Aaia?ee a 1991 a. n?aaeiaiany/iue i?iaeeoi/iue ieieioi ai?iaeneie
naiuee ec /aou?ao /aeiaae ninoaaee 32.6 oun oi?eioia (eee
i?eaeeceoaeueii 400 aeie.).

A Aaei?onnee e ?anioaeeeao I?eaaeoeee aeey ?an/aoa i?iaeeoi/iiai
ieieioia aa?aony iieacaoaeue nioeeaeueiiai i?iaeeoi/iiai ieieioia, a
?innee, Eacaonoaia – oeceieiae/aneiai. N 1 ai?aey 1992 a. a Aaei?onnee
aaaaeai iieacaoaeue n?aaeiaaeooaauo ieieiaeueiuo iio?aaeoaeueneeo
athaeaeaoia, eioi?ua iaania/eaaee au ii?io eaei?eeiinoe aeey
o?oaeiniiniaiuo ioae/ei a noia 3050 eeae. e 2525 eeae. aeey
o?oaeiniiniaiuo aeaiuei.

I?aaeoaeuenoai Oe?aeiu iaoiaeeeo ?an/aoa iio?aaeoaeueneie ei?ceiu aei
neo ii? ia iaia?iaeiaaei.

N ieieiaeueiui o?iaiai ca?aaioiie ieaou oanii naycai e?eoa?ee aaaeiinoe

Aaaeiui yeaiaioii i?ia?aiiu nioeeaeueiie caueou ianaeaiey yaeyaony
?aaoee?iaaiea ca?aaioiie ieaou caaeneii io noa?u aeayoaeueiinoe e
i?ioannee, oi?iu nianoaaiiinoe. Oae, a ?acaeouo no?aiao Caiaaea
inouanoaeyaony i?yiia ?aaoee?iaaiea ca?aaioiie ieaou a ainnaeoi?a.
Niaoeeaeueiui caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii onoaiaaeeaathony i?aaa e iaycaiiinoe
caiyouo a ainaiia?aoa, aiaiiineoaeaueo, auai?iuo eeoe. Eae i?aaeei, a
NOA e ae?. no?aiao Caiaaea ca?aaioiay ieaoa a ainnaeoi?a ieaea, /ai a
/anoiii, ii aeey ?aaioieeia e neoaeaueo ia?aiai nouanoaoao cia/eoaeueii
aieueoay aa?aioey caiyoinoe, aieaa aunieea nioeeaeueiua auieaou e o.ae..

Ca?ieaoa aeey iaaiiuo ?aaioieeia ?aaoee?oaony n iiiiuueth eieeaeoeaiuo
aeiaiai?ia e oa?eoiuo niaeaoaiee. Aieaa oe?ieee e?oa aii?inia
?aaoee?oaony eieeaeoeaiuie aeiaiai?aie. O ieo, e?iia iieaou ?aai/ae
neeu, oeene?othony i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue ?aai/aai aeiy e ioioneia,
eiie?aoiua aa?aioee ii ioiioaieth e oneiaeyi o?oaea, aeiieaou ca
naa?oo?i/iua ?aaiou, ca i?aaeinoaaeaiea aeiiieieoaeueiiai ieoaiey e ae?.
A oa?eoiii niaeaoaiee onoaiaaeeaathony ieieiaeueiue o?iaaiue ca?aaioiie
ieaou a oao eee eiuo io?aneyo e ieieiaeueiua aa?aioee o?iaiy ca?ieaou
aeey ?aaioieeia ?aciie eaaeeoeeaoeee Oa?eoiia niaeaoaiea i?e o/anoee
i?aaenoaaeoaeae i?aaei?eyoey e ?aaioieeia ninoaaeyaony i?e
iin?aaeie/anoaa ainoaea?noaa e canaeaeaoaeuenoaoaony Ieienoa?noaii
o?oaea. Yoi aunooiaao aa?aioii aai auiieiaiey. Ai a?aiy aeaenoaey
oa?eoiiai niaeaoaiey caaanoiaea n/eoaaony iacaeiiiui n?aaenoaii ?aoaiey
o?oaeiauo nii?ia.

A Oe?aeia e i?ionithcaie aue ninoaaeai aeiaiai? ia 1993 a. e oa?eoiua
niaeaoaiey ai anao io?aneyo ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa. Iaeiia?aiaiii
iaiaoiaeeii ia?aciauaaoue i?aaiaoth aaco aeey caeeth/aiey eieeaeoeaiuo
aeiaiai?ia e niaeaoaiee, ?aoaiey o?oaeiauo nii?ia, i?eaaaeaiey a
niioaaonoaea n ii?iaie iaaeaeoia?iaeiiai caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa Eiaeaena
caeiiia Oe?aeiu i o?oaea.

*?acau/aeii aaaeiui caaiii nenoaiu nioeeaeueiie caueou ianaeaiey
yaeyaony eiaeaenaoeey aeaiaaeiuo aeioiaeia niioaaonoaaiii e o?iaith
oeai. Iia i?eiaiyaony ai anao ?acaeouo no?aiao. A ioaeaeueiuo no?aiao
iaeioi?ua i?ionithcu aeiaeaaeenue iieiie eiiiainaoeee ?inoa oeai. A
Oe?aeia oaeay eiiiainaoeey yaeyaony i/aiue iacia/eoaeueiie, /oi noaaeo
aieueooth /anoue ianaeaiey ca /a?oo auaeeaaiey.

Auieaou ii nioeeaeueiie caueoa – oiaea aeioiae?

Aeioiaeu o?oaeyueony ia en/a?iuaathony iacaaiiuie auoa enoi/ieeaie. Ai
anyeie ?uii/iie yeiiiieea nouanoaoao e nenoaia eiiiainaoeeiiiuo auieao,
i?aaenoaaeythuay niaie aaaeioth /anoue aeioiaeia. Oaeay nenoaia
iaiaoiaeeia oaea iioiio, /oi eioeyoeey n oie eee eiie nei?inoueth
“nuaaeaao” i?e?ino aeaiaaeiuo aeioiaeia ianaeaiey a ethaie no?aia. O ian
aea yoio i?ioeann oae a iineaaeiea aiaeu n ia?anoathuae nei?inoueth,
a eiiiainaoeeiiiia aiciauaiea iaaeaeo oai i?aeoe/anee ionoonoaiaaei.

A 1971-1975 e. iiauoaiea n?aaeieo ?uii/iuo oeai iiaeiuaei ieiei CI%
i?e?inoa n?aaeiaaeooaauo aeaiaaeiuo aeioiaeia ianaeaiey, a 1976-1980
oo. – oaea 50, a 1981-1985 ao. – 60, a a 1986.a.- 52%. Iniaaiii
aeoeaiui yoio i?ioeann noae e ia?eiae i?aaeinoaaeaiey naiinoiyoaeueiinoe
i?aaei?eyoeyi, aaaaeaiey aeiaiai?iuo oeai e, oai aieaa, i?e eo iuiaoiae
eeaa?aeecaoeee. A oneiaeyo o?iie/aneiai e oioaeueiiai aeaoeoeeoa eia/a e
auoue ia iiaei.

Ionthaea, anoanoaaiii , auoaeaao, e iai nae/an i?eoiaeeony n yoei
noaeeeaaoueny iaiin?aaenoaaiii, ii e aaniethoiia oooaeoaiea
iieiaeaiey ioaeaeueiuo eaoaai?ee ianaeaiey, i?aaeaea anath oao, /uee
aeioiaeu yaeythony oeene?iaaiiuie.

Ni?aaaaeeeainoe ?aaee iaaei ioiaoeoue iaeioi?oth iiceoeaioth ?ieue
eioeyoeee: iia ia iicaieyao i?aaei?eyoeyi i?iecaiaenoaaiiie, oi?aiaie
noa?u, eiiia?/aneei caaiueyi inoaiiaeoueny e oniieieoueny ia eaeii-oi
?oaaaea. Iie auioaeaeathony i?iecaiaeeoue ana aieueoaa eiee/anoai
oiaa?ia e oneoa, niaa?oainoaiaaoue eo ea/anoai, eia/a eo inoaiiaeaoeany
a eaeie-oi oi/ea aeioiaeu “nuano” eioeyoeey. Iaeiaei aa oaea?ioth neeo
iaiaoiaeeii niya/aoue, aaiaey caueoiua iaoaieciu aeey iaeiiaania/aiiuo
eaoaai?ee ianaeaiey, eioi?ua, eae i?aaeei, eeoaiu aiciiaeiinoe
o?oaeiaie aeayoaeueiinoueth niinianoaiaaoue ?acaa?ouaaieth ?uii/iie
yeiiiieee e oai naiui oeaeeeii ca n/ao nianoaaiiuo oneeee iiauoaoue eee
oioy au oaea?aeeaaoue ia iaeiii o?iaia naia iaoa?eaeueiia
aeaaininoiyiea Ecaanoiue niinia caueou io eioeyoeee – eiaeaenaoeey
aeioiaeia. Ii iaaeaeo iae e ?inoii ia aeieaeii auoue i?yiie
i?iii?oeeiiaeueiie nayce; eia/a aiai?y, ia neaaeoao noaaeoue oeaeue
iieiinoueth eiiiaine?iaaoue eioeyoeeth. N ii?aaeaeaiiie aeieae
aeiiouaiey iiaeii ooaa?aeaeaoue, naaeaine?iaaiiinoue ?uiea aoaeao
aeinoeaaoueny ia aaee/eio oiai “caci?a”, eioi?ue ia?acoaony iaaeaeo
?inoii oeai e eiaeaenaoeeae aeioiaeia.

A iaoai iuoeaiee iiea aua ainiiaenoaoao i?aaenoaaeaiea, /oi iineaaenoaey
eeaa?aeecaoeee oeai ainoaea?noai aeieaeii iieiinoueth eiiiaine?iaaoue,
i?e/ai n iia?aaeaieai ai a?aiaie. I?e yoii ia aa?aony ai aieiaiea, /oi
oaeea aeaenoaey eeoue, aini?iecaiaeeee au eioeyoeeth, aeaaea oneeeaay
aa.

Eiaeaenaoeey aeioiaeia aiciiaeia ni noi?iiu eae ainoaea?noaa, oae e
i?aaei?eyoey: iineaaeiaa aeey yoiai ioaeaaaoue /anoue i?eauee.

Niaeanii “Caeiio ia eiaeaenaoeee aeaiaaeiuo aeioiaeia e naa?aaeaiee
a?aaeaeai a Oe?aeiu ” eiaeaenaoeee iiaeeaaeao: ca?ieaoa o?oaea
?aaioieeia i?aaei?eyoee, o/?aaeaeaiee e i?aaiecaoeee, eneeth/ay ia?niiae
oao i?aaei?eyoee, eioi?ua naiinoiyoaeueii onoaiaaeeaatho oeaiu ia naie
oiaa?u e oneoae; ainoaea?noaaiiua iainee, noeiaiaeee, nioeeaeueiua
iiniaey, eneeth/ay aaeeiioeaiiua; aeeaaeu a?aaeaeai a Naa?aaiea;
iaeeaaoeee ainoaea?noaaiiuo caeiia e ae?oaea oeaiiua aoiaae.

Aeey oiai, /oiau i?iaanoe oaeiaeaoai?eoaeueioth eiaeaenaoeeth,
iaiaoiaeeii e eneeth/eoaeueii aaaeii eiaoue iainiiaaiioth “oi/eo
ion/aoa” – eiaeaen ?inoa iio?aaeoaeueneeo oeai. Ii ?ann/eouaaaony
aaeaeaa?oaeueii, ia?anoathuei eoiaii n ia/aea aiaea ia iniiaa
noaoenoe/aneeo aeaiiuo, iieo/aiiuo a oiaea iaaethaeaiee ca eciaiaieyie
?icie/iuo oeai a ainoaea?noaaiiie, eiiia?aoeaiie e /anoiie oi?aiaea e
noa?a oneoa ii oeene?iaaiiiio iaai?o iio?aaeoaeueneeo oiaa?ia oneoa
(eneeth/ay, ?acoiaaony, oi, /oi a iio?aaeaiee iaiaycaoaeueii) , iau/ii
iacuaaaiiio “iio?aaeoaeueneie ei?ceiie”. Aa no?oeoo?a e aaee/eia
iaiaeeiaeiau ia oieueei aeey ?acee/iuo ainoaea?noa (a oii /eua aoiaeyueo
a NIA), ii e aeey ?aciuo ?aaeiiia, aaeieieno?aoeaiuo ia?aciaaiee.

Ca n/ao yoiai iaeanoyi oaeaaony nio?aieoue aieaa uaaeyuea oeaiu eee
nii?oaeeoue ueo aeey naiaai iio?aaeoaeueneiai ?uiea. . A iniiaiii yoi
eiaaony a aeaeo iaania/eaaoue ca n/ao aeioiaeia io naiie eeaa?aeecaoeee
oeai e iaeiaiiaeiaeaiey, aeioiaeia io i?eaaoecaoeee aineiouanoaa,
aeoeeciiai a, aciinia i?aaei?eyoee e o.i. E niaeaeaieth, a .eoiaa
iieo/aaony, /oi ai anao oaeeo aeaenoaeyo oaaia “io ?uiea” aieueoa,
iaaeaee “e ?uieo”.

E oiio aea, ia?aae eeaa?aeecaoeeae oeai ai iiiaeo ?aaeiiao Oe?aeiu, a
ae?oaeo ?anioaeeeao auee i?iaaaeaiu ianniaua i?aaeaa?eoaeueiua iiauoaiey
ca?ieaou ?aaioieeai i?aaei?eyoee e o/?aaeaeaiee, iniaaiii
ainoaea?noaaiiuo athaeaeaoiuo. Ia aaeaaaynue a aiaeec i?e/ei yoeo
ia?ii?eyoee, iaeuecy ia caiaoeoue, /oi iineaaenoaey eo iaaaoeaii
neacaeenue ia ?icie/iuo oeaiao: ei n naiiai ia/aea aue caaeai neeoeii
neeueiue eiioeuen. Aaaeue oeaia, e?iia anaai i?i/aai, i?eaioe?oaony ia
ieaoaaeaniiniaiue ni?in, eioi?ue a eiioea 1991 a. aue “iaea/ai”
ianniauie aeaiaaeiuie auieaoaie.

Caeii ia eiaeaenaoeee onoaiaaeeaaao ii?ia, n eioi?iai iia aoaeao
ia/eiaoueny: eioeyoeey ia o?iaia 6%. Enoi/ieeii eiaeaenaoeee ?aaioieeai
o/?aaeaeaiee, iaoiaeyueony ia athaeaeaoiii oeiaine?iaaiee, aoaeao
ainoaea?noaaiiue athaeaeao. Nianoaaiiua n?aaenoaa i?aaei?eyoee,
onoaiaaeeaathueo naiaiaeiua ?uii/iua oeaiu, aoaeoo ?aca?aoa?ii, ioeoaea
/a?iathony n?aaenoaa nioeeaeueiie caueou eo ?aaioieeia. Anee aea
i?aaei?eyoea ?aaeecoao naith i?iaeoeoeeth ii oeaiai, o?iaaiue eioi?uo
ainoaea?noai a?aiaiii oeene?oao, iaaeinoaoie n?aaenoa ia iieaoo o?oaea,
aeeth/ay eiaeaenaoeeth, i?eaeaony ana-oaee eiiiaine?iaaoue ec
athaeaeaoa Oe?aeiu.

Iainee, nioeeaeueiua iiniaey,iiniaey ii aac?aaioeoea aoaeoo
eiaeaene?iaaoueny ec n?aaenoa Iaineiiiiai Oiiaea, Oiiaea nioeeaeueiiai
no?aoiaaiey e Ainoaea?noaaiiiai oiiaea caiyoinoe; eiaeaenaoeey
noeiaiaeee aoaeao i?ienoiaeeoue ca n/ao niioaaonoaothueo athaeaeaoia, a
naa?aaeaiee o?oaeyueony e ainoaea?noaaiiuo oeaiiuo aoiaa – ec aeioiaeia
Naa?aaaoaeueiiai aaiea e Ainoaea?noaaiiiai athaeaeaoa Oe?aeiu. Yoi
aeieaeii i?eaanoe e aieaa aeeiaie/iie iieeoeea naa?aaaoaeueiuo aaieia e
no?aoiauo o/?aaeaeaiee, eioi?ui iaiaoiaeeii iaeneiaeueii yooaeoeaii
?aciauaoue naie ?ano?nu,/oiau ca n/ao i?ioeaioiuo noaaie eiaeaene?iaaoue
naa?aaeaiey a?aaeaeai e no?aoiaua aciinu. Anee ia eiaeaene?iaaoue
naa?aaeaiey, aeeaae/eee aoaeoo aeoeaii nieiaoue aeaiueae ni naieo n/aoia
e auieaneeaaoue eo ia iio?aaeoaeueneee ?uiie, e aac oiai
caoeaauaathueeny io ecauoea aeaiaaeiie iannu.

Eae aea aoaeoo iiauoaoueny noiiu aeaiaaeiuo aeioiaeia a?aaeaeai?
Iieooi?iay aaee/eia ieieiaeueiie iany/iie ca?ieaou a Oe?aeia
eiaeaene?oaony iieiinoueth a niioaaonoaee n oaiiii ?inoa oeai. Aoi?ay,
iineaaeothuay /anoue aeioiaea, ?aaiay oiaea iieooi?iie aaee/eia
ieieiaeueiie iieaou o?oaea, eiaeaene?oaony oieueei ia aaee/eio,
en/eneyaioth eae iieiaeia eaa?oaeueiiai eiaeaena ?inoa oeai
iio?aaeoaeueneie ei?ceiu. Iaaei i?eciaoue, /oi ia nia?aiaiiii yoaia
o?oaeii neacaoue, iiiai yoi eee iaei. ?a/ue caeanue iiaeao iieoe i
iiauoaiee a ii?yaeea eiaeaenaoeee aeioiaeia, eioi?ua ninoaaeytho a
ianyoe 1000 e?a. e aeaaea aieueoa. Eaaeaony, /oi yoa noiia auea i/aiue
cia/eoaeueiie. Oaia?ue, oau, aeaei ianoieo ii ae?oaiio. *oi eanaaony
aeioiaeia, i?aauoathueo o?aoe?aoioth aaee/eio ieieiaeueiie iieaou
o?oaea., oi iie nae/an eiaeaenaoeee ia iiaeeaaeao.

Iaiaoiaeeii o/eouaaoue, /oi auieaou a ii?yaeea eiaeaenaoeee aeieaeia ana
aea i?eoiaeeoueny iacia/eoaeueiay aeiey iaueo aeioiaeia o?oaeyueony. A
i?ioeaiiieiaeiie neooaoeee nicaeathony oneiaey aeey oaanaiey
noeioee?othuae ?iee iieaou ii o?oaeo e ii nicaeaiiie noieiinoe,
eiaeaenaoeey aea aeioiaeia ia?aoiaeeo ?acoiiua a?aieoeu naiae iniiaiie
ooieoeee – nioeeaeueiie caueou. Aianoa n oai iaaei, eiia/ii, enoiaeeoue
ec oiai, /oi e ia noaaeee oi?ie?iaaiey ?uiea (a iia ia iiaeao auoue
aieaa neiaeiie, /ai oa , a eioi?ie ?uiie oaea aiieia noi?ie?iaaeny)
iaeuecy aeiioneaoue ?aceiai iaaeaiey o?iaiy aeecie ethaeae oioy au oaea
ii noaoai yeiiiie/aneei i?e/eiai. ?uieo ioaeai aeoeaiue iio?aaeoaeue,
eeoaiiue n?aaenoa e nouanoaiaaieth neie aio i?ioeaiiieacai.

A ie?iaie i?aeoeea eiaeaenaoeey inouanoaeyaony /a?ac oaeie
i?iiaaeooie a?aiaie, eae eaa?oae eee iieaiaea A iaeioi?uo noa?ao
iaaeaaaee e ca?ieaoa i?iecaiaeyony ii neieuecyuae oeaea: a neo/aa
iiauoaiey eiaeaena oeai ia ca?aiaa onoaiiaeaiiia /enei ioieoia eee
i?ioeaioia – ia ii?aaeaeaiioth, caaiaey iaiai?aiioth aaee/eio aic?anoaao
e ca?aaioiay ieaoa.

A oaea oiiieiaaoainy auoa eieeaeoeaiii aeiaiai?a aaeieieno?aoeee
aia?eeaii-yiiineie eiiiaiee IAIIE n i?ionithcii aaoiiiaeeano?ieoaeae
i?aaeoniao?eaaaony iaaeaaaea ia ?ino noieiinoe aeecie. Iia no?ieony a
caaeneiinoe io aaeaeaa?oaeueii ioaeeeoaiiai Ath?i o?oaeiaie noaoenoeee
ioeoeeaeueiiai eiaeaena iio?aaeoaeueneeo oeai. Ia/eiay n ii?aaeaeaiiiai
n?iea, iaoneiaeaiiiai a aeiaiai?a, iaaeaaaea ?ann/eouaaaony eae iaeei
oeaio ca /an ?aai/aai a?aiaie i?e iiauoaiee eiaeaena iio?aaeoaeueneeo
oeai ia I,26 ioieoa. Iaaeaaaea ia ?ino noieiinoe aeecie caeeaaeuaaaony a
i?aiee ca naa?oo?i/iua, ?aaioo a ii/iua niaiu, i?acaeie/iua aeie e i?e
iieaoa i/a?aaeiiai ioionea.

A iaoeo oneiaeyo a ?acaeoea oe?aeineiai caeiia ia eiaeaenaoeee
aeioiaeia, eiia/ii aea, aeieaeiu auoue i?eiyou ianoiua iieiaeaiey,
aeiiieieoaeueii ooi/iythuea ?acia?u eiaeaenaoeee, ii oae, /oiau
iineaaeiea ia auee ieaea ?inneeneeo, i?e/ai iaania/eaaeenue nianoaaiiuie
enoi/ieeaie oeiaine?iaaiey. Ii e n o/aoii yoeo ianoiuo ei??aeoe?iaie
eiaeaenaoeey aeioiaeia aeieaeia inoaaaoueny /anoe/iie, eiiiaine?oy,
niaeanii ie?iaie i?aeoeea, 40-60% ?inoa oeai.

Iaoaieci eiaeaenaoeee oaea ianeieueei aeanyoeeaoee eniieuecoaony a NOA,
ssiiiee, Eaiaaea e aieaa /ai a aeanyoe caiaaeiiaa?iiaeneeo no?aiao; a
iineaaeiaa a?aiy – e a auaoeo nioeeaeenoe/aneeo ainoaea?noaao Ainoi/iie
Aa?iiu Auiieiyy ii ioiioaieth e cia/eoaeueiie /anoe ianaeaiey caueoiua
ooieoeee, ii iaiaoiaeei aua e aeey i?aaeioa?auaiey nioeeaeueiuo ac?uaia,
e n iineaaeiei ianoiyoaeuenoaii auei au ii?iiao/eai ia n/eoaoueny.

No?aoaaey e iaoiaeu ooieoeeiie?iaaiey nioeeaeueii i?eaioe?iaaiiie
yeiiiieee a nia?aiaiiii iauanoaa.

?uii/iay yeiiiieea, eioi?ay iniiaaia ia yeiiiie/aneie naiaiaea
oicyenoaothueo noauaeoia iacaaeneii io oi?iu nianoaaiiinoe eo
yeiiiie/aneiai i?eaea/aiey e ?aoeeiiaeueiiio oicyenoaiaaieth, a
cia/eoaeueiie noaiaie iicaieyao iauanoao ?aaeeciaaoue neeueiua noi?iiu
oiaa?iiai i?iecaiaenoaa e ?uiea a eioa?anao nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneiai
i?ia?anna.

Iia nicaeaao iioeiaeueioth (oioy e ia aaniethoii iaeeo/ooth a
yeiiiie/aneii e nioeeaeueiii ieaia) nenoaio i?eaea/aiey e yooaeoeaiiio,
eieoeeaoeaiiio e ioaaonoaaiiiio yeiiiie/aneiio iiaaaeaieth. A ?uii/iie
yeiiiieea iineaaeiaa anee e iaaycuaaaony, oi i?aaeaea anaai
yeiiiie/aneeie iaoiaeaie. Ethaee e eieeaeoeau i?eaioe?othony ia
nianoaaiiua eioa?anu e neeu, a ca iaaaoeaiua iineaaenoaey oicyenoaiaaiey
naie aea e ioaa/atho. Yoi canoaaeyao aaeeoaeueii ioiineony e ?ano?nai,
eieoeeaoeaiie, aeoeaiie, iaoiae/eaie yeiiiie/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe.

Iaeiia?aiaiii n yoei ?uii/iay yeiiiieea yaeyaony aeiaieueii aeanoeie a
nioeeaeueiii ieaia, iia ia aeiioneaao o?aaieeiaee e naea?aeeaaiey,
eneeth/aao aiciiaeiinoue ?aaiiai ?ani?aaeaeaiey aeioiaeia e aiaaonoaa
iauanoaa, e iiyoiio oa?aeoa?ecoaony o?iie/aneie nioeeaeueiie
ianoaaeeueiinoueth.

?uii/iie yeiiiieea naienoaaiii ia?aoeeiiaeueiia eniieueciaaiea
?ano?nia, y?eei i?iyaeaieai eioi?iai yaeythony yeiiiie/aneea e?ecenu n
eo ?aci?eoaeueiui aeeyieai ia nicaeaiiua iauanoaii i?iecaiaenoaaiiua
neeu, oaaee/aieai iaiieiiai eniieueciaaiey i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo iiuiinoae e
aac?aaioeoeu. Ii iaania/eoue aieaa aeinoieiue aeeciaiiue o?iaaiue anai
/eaiai iauanoaa aac ia?aoiaea e nioeeaeueii i?eaioe?iaaiiiio ?uieo, eae
i?eciaao nae/an aieueoeinoai yeiiiienoia e i?aeoeeia a Oe?aeia,
iaaiciiaeii.

Aei?iaa e nioeeaeueii i?eaioe?iaaiiie ?uii/iie yeiiiieea iai?inoay e
aieaciaiiay, iia i?aaeoniao?eaaao ?ac?aoaiea eiiieaena ea?aeeiaeueiuo
i?iaeai:

1) Iaeaaeaiea ?aciuie oi?iaie nianoaaiiinoe e oicyenoaiaaiey,
iaania/aiea eo yeiiiie/aneie ?aaiii?aaiinoe, ?acainoaea?noaeaiey
yeiiiieee;

2)Iaania/aiea no?oeoo?iie ia?ano?ieee yeiiiieee e i?aiaeieaiea aa
aeaoeoeeoiiai oa?aeoa?a;

3) Icaei?iaeaiea oeiainiai-e?aaeeoiie e aeaiaaeiie eio?ano?oeoo?u,
i?aiaeieaiea eioeyoeeiiiuo i?ioeannia;

4) Iinoaiaiiue iooiae io cao?aoiie iiaeaee oeaiiia?aciaaiey
“inaiaiaeaeaiey oeai ia iniiaioth /anoue i?iaeoeoeee i?iiuoeaiiinoe,
naeueneiai oicyenoaa, noa?u oneoa;

5) Aeaiiiiiieecaoeey noa?u ia?auaiey, e?aaeeoiiai ianeoaeeaaiey
i?aaei?eyoee e ianaeaiey, iao/iiai iaania/aiey yeiiiieee;

6) Ia?aono?ienoai iaoeeiiaeueiiai ?uiea eae /anoe ie?iaiai oicyenoaa;

7) I?aiaeieaiea ia?uii/iie i?eaioaoeee nenoaiu ia?aciaaiey e
i?ioanneiiaeueiie iiaeaioiaee. Ii aeaiiui nioeeieiae/aneeo
enneaaeiaaiee, e ?aaioa a oneiaeyo ?uiea a Oe?aeia iiea /oi aioiau ia
aieueoa 5% ?oeiaiaeeoaea e niaoeeaeenoia yeiiiie/aneeo neoaea
i?aaei?eyoee.

Iaeiia?aiaiii n ?aoaieai aeaiiuo aii?inia iaiaoiaeeii i?aaeoniio?aoue e
iiaeaioiaeoue nenoaio ia?, iai?aaeaiiuo ia caueoo ianaeaiey, iniaaiii
oie aai /anoe, eioi?ay iieo/aao ieceea aeioiaeu.

Nenoaia ?aaeueiuo ieaiiia?ii ?uii/iuo ioiioaiee a Oe?aeia oieueei
ia/eiaao oi?ie?iaaoueny. Neaaeoao o/anoue, /oi ?uiie aunooiaao ia
eiia/iie oeaeueth ?aaeeeaeueiie ia?ano?ieee yeiiiie/aneie nenoaiu
iauanoaa, a oieueei niiniaii ?aoaiey aai ea?aeeiaeueiuo
nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneeo i?iaeai n oeaeueth ?aaeueiiai iiauoaiey o?iaiy
aeaaininoiyiey ia?iaea. Oi anoue, eaeao ?a/ue i oi?ie?iaaiee nioeeaeueii
i?eaioe?iaaiiiai ?uiea.

Aieueoeinoai ca?oaaaeiuo aaoi?ia eiioeaioeee nioeeaeueiiai ?uii/iiai
oicyenoaa iaaaoeaii ioeaieaatho iae?iyeiiiie/aneia ?aaoee?iaaiea e
aeaaea ioiaeaeanoaeytho aai n ainoaea?noaaiiui yeiiiie/aneei
eioa?aaioeeiieciii.

A iaoeo aea oneiaeyo yeiiiieea Oe?aeiu aua aeinoaoi/ii aeieai aoaeao
inoaaaoueny iinonioeeaeenoe/aneie e iieo?uii/iie. A yoi icia/aao
nouanoaiaaiea a oa/aiea ioiineoaeueii i?iaeieaeeoaeueiiai a?aiaie
ia?yaeo n ia?iaeaeathueiny /anoiui naeoi?ii iiuiiai ainoaea?noaaiiiai,
i?aaeoniao?eaathuaai iaiaoiaeeiinoue aeinoaoi/ii aeanoeiai
iae?iyeiiiie/aneiai ?aaoee?iaaiey.

Aiai?y i oii, eaeea nouanoaaiiua noi?iiu nioeeaeueii i?eaioe?iaaiiie
yeiiiieee iaiaoiaeeii aoaeao aaeaioe?iaaoue ia Oe?aeia, ioaeii
enoiaeeoue ec noiaenoaa (ionoue e ioaeaeaiiiai) iaaeaeo nia?aiaiiie
yeiiiie/aneie neooaoeeae a Oe?aeia e a oao no?aiao, eioi?ua ia?auie
noaee eniiaaaeiaaoue i?eioeeiu eaeineainoaa e iaieeaa?aeecia.

Aueaey ec Nithca, Oe?aeia oianeaaeiaaea iiiiiieece?iaaiioth,
ieeeoa?eciaaiioth, oeaio?aeueii oi?aaeyaioth yeiiiieeo. N?aaee
aaaeiaeoeo caaea/ ia naaiaeiyoiee iiiaio yaeyaony ioeac io aeanoeiai
aaeieieno?aoeaiiai ?aaoee?iaaiey e aeaieeeoa?ecaoeey yeiiiieee, aa
no?oeoo?iay ia?ano?ieea ia ia/aeao i?ei?eoaoiinoe i?iecaiaenoaa
nioeeaeueii cia/eiie i?iaeoeoeee.

I?iii?oeee iaaeaeo /anoiui e ainoaea?noaaiiui naeoi?aie aoaeoo
iinoaiaiii eciaiyoueny a iieueco ia?aiai, ii ana oaee i?aaenoieo
aeeeoaeueiue ia?eiae eo ninouanoaiaaiey. Yoio neiaeic n aai
anaaiciiaeiuie eiioeeeoaie e o?aieyie aoaeao iaecaaaeai a oa/aiea
aeiaieueii aeieaiai n?iea.

Oioy iiiuoee niiaeaee?iaaoue iiaoth ia?aaeeaio Oe?aeineie yeiiiieee ia
iniiaa niaoaiiie yeiiiieee e nioeeaeueii i?eaioe?iaaiiiai ?uii/iiai
oicyenoaa iiaeii i?eciaoue iaeioi?ui ia?ooaieai eeanne/aneiai iiaeoiaea,
oaeia iaaeiaiea iai i?inoi iaeiio i?aaeuyaeoue. Eai aieueoeinoai
oeeaeeeciaaiiuo no?ai ninoiyiea iinonioeeaeenoe/aneie yeiiiieee ieeiaaea
ia ia?aaeeaaee. Iaoe aea ninaaee ii auaoaio nioeeaeenoe/aneiio
niae?oaeanoao aeaiiino?e?otho iiae/an oaeea yeno?aaaaaioiua niiniau
ia?aono?ienoaa yeiiiieee, /oi i?aaeeaaaaiue aa?eaio i?aaenoaaeyaony
/ooue ee ia ia?acoeii yeiiiie/aneiai eeanneoeecia. E oiio aea ana aac
eneeth/aiey iiaeaee yeiiiie/aneiai ?acaeoey yaeythony ianoieueei
aeeiaie/iuie e auno?io?ainoi?ie?othueieny, /oi ca/anooth a noaaeee naiae
c?aeinoe aanueia ioaeaeaiii iaiiieiatho enoiaeiia ninoiyiea.

Aieaa oiai, a ianoiyuaa a?aiy niaoeeaeenou a iaeanoe oai?ee e i?aeoeee
?uiea, aiai?y i iaeaieaa oeeaeeeciaaiiuo aai oi?iao, eiatho a aeaeo
i?aaeaea anaai oae iacuaaaiue nioeeaeueii i?eaioe?iaaiiue ?uiie.
I?aaenoaaeyaony, /oi “iiae e?uoae” yoiai ii?aaeaeaiey oaea naaiaeiy
oniaoii oaeeaathony iiaeeoeoee?iaaiiua iaieeaa?aeeci e eaeineainoai,
nioeeaeueiia ?uii/iia oicyenoai e niaoaiiay yeiiiieea.

Eiaiii nioeeaeueii i?eaioe?iaaiiue ?uiie niiaeao, n iaeiie noi?iiu,
“oaea?aeaoue” Oe?aeineoth yeiiiieeo a ?onea iauaoeeaeeecaoeeiiiuo
caeiiiia?iinoae ?uiea, a n ae?oaie – iioeiaeueii o/anoue aa
iinonioeeaeenoe/aneea iniaaiiinoe.

Aaconeiaii, iinonioeeaeenoe/aneee oa?aeoa? oe?aeineie yeiiiieee yaeyaony
aaaeiui, ii ia aaeeinoaaiiui ii?aaeaeeoaeai nouiinoiuo /a?o aoaeouae
iiaeaee iaoeeiiaeueiie yeiiiieee. A neooaoeee, eiaaea e iaoeeiiaeueiay
yeiiiieea, e cia/eoaeueiay /anoue ianaeaiey iaoiaeyony o iineaaeiae
/a?ou, iiiuoea iie?aoueny noaoai ia eiaeeaeaeoaeeci e ?uii/iua ?u/aae ia
oieeei ia?a/aia ia i?iaae. ii e /?aaaoa a iaoeo oneiaeyo ianooieaiey
aeeeiai ?uiea, naa?oei??oioeee, eaoano?ioe/aneie nioeeaeueiie
iiey?ecaoeee iauanoaa e iaeiicia/iui ac?uaii a ?acoeueoaoa.

O/eouaay, /oi nioeeaeueiia ?uii/iia oicyenoai i?aaenoaaeyao niaie iooue,
ioee/iue io oeaio?aeueii oi?aaeyaiiai oicyenoaa e yeiiiieee,
?oeiaiaeeiie eeoue “iaaeaeeiie ?oeie” ?uiea, iii a?yae ee iiianoeony a
?aiee eaeie eeai iiaeaee ?uii/iie yeiiiieee. A neeo iiiaeo i?e/ei iii
i?aoaiaeoao ia ?ieue iiaie ia?aaeeaiu yeiiiieee aoi?ie iieiaeiu
aeaaaeoeaoiai aaea.

Aianoa n oai ii?aaeaeaiea “nioeeaeueiia ?uii/iia oicyenoai” /anoi
ioiaeaeanoaeyaony n iiiyoeai “nioeeaeueii i?eaioe?iaaiiue ?uiie”.
I?aaiia?ii ee yoi? Aeoiaaony /oi aiieia. Iniaaiii, anee o/anoue, /oi a
iniiaa oaeie neiiieie/iinoe eaaeeo aaeaeaaoiinoue oeaeae e niiniaia eo
aeinoeaeaiey.

Auno?aeaay ia?aaeeaio Oe?aeineie yeiiiieee, ioaeii oaa?a/ueny io aeaoo
e?aeiinoae: ai-ia?auo, ecia?aoaiey “naiae” iiaeaee, /oi iiaeiaiiai iao
ieaaea a ie?a; ai-aoi?uo, iiiooie neaiiai caeinoaiaaiey.

Oe?aeineee ?uiie aeieaeai iie?aoueny n iaeiie noi?iiu, ia niaoaiioth
yeiiiieeo n aa neeueiie ainoaea?noaaiiie ?ani?aaeaeeoaeueiie iieeoeeie,
iaania/eaathuae aeinoaoi/ioth iiaeaea?aeeo nioeeaeueii oycaeiuo neiaa
ianaeaiey, a n ae?oaie noi?iiu – ia i?eioeeiu nioeeaeueiiai ?uii/iiai
oicyenoaa, n eo io/aoeeai au?aaeaiiie aioeoioaeeoa?iie
iai?aaeaiiinoueth. Aeinoe/ue oaeeo oeaeae aiciiaeii eeoue a oii neo/aa,
anee oaea/ii neiiaeie?iaaoue /a?ou iaeaieaa iiaeoiaeyueo iai
yeiiiie/aneeo iiaeaeae. ?ac?aaioaiiay iiaeaeue ?uiea aeieaeia ni/aoaoue
oneiaey aeey ?acaeoey eiieo?aioiie yeiiiieee e yeaiaiou aeiaieueii
aeanoeiai yeiiiie/aneiai ?aaoee?iaaiey ?uiea, neeueioth
ainoaea?noaaiioth iieeoeeo e aaconeiaiue i?ei?eoao yeiiiie/aneie
yooaeoeaiinoe, iai?eeiniiaaiiinoue e anaia?ioth iiaeaea?aeeo /anoiie
nianoaaiiinoe e ioiineoaeueii aeeeoaeueiia ninouanoaiaaiea iniiaaiiuo ia
iae oicyenoaaiiuo oi?i n iiuiui ainoaea?noaaiiui naeoi?ii.

Iaeiei neiaii, yoi aeieaeia auoue oaeay iiaeaeue, eioi?ay au
i?aaeoniao?eaaea iino?iaiea nioeeaeueii i?eaioe?iaaiiie ?uii/iie
yeiiiieee ia ooiaeaiaioa iinonioeeaeenoe/aneie.

I?aiaeieaaay ioaeeaoea noa?aioeiu, ioaeii ioaeaaaoue naaa io/ao a oii,
/oi niaoaiiay yeiiiieea i?aaenoaaeyao niaie ia eaeia-oi oaioe/aneia
iaa?iiiaeaeaiea ia i?aeoeea e yeeaeoe/iia niaaeeiaiea a oai?ee noaoai
“eaieoaeenoe/aneeo” e “nioeeaeenoe/aneeo” oi?i, a i?aaenoaao a aeaea
aeeaeaeoe/aneiai aaeeinoaa oi?i nianoaaiiinoe e niiniaia aaaeaiey
oicyenoaa, auaea?aeaaoeo i?iaa?eo ie?iaie i?aeoeeie ia
eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoue.

Ae?oaeie neiaaie, niaoaiiay yeiiiieea i?aaenoaaeyao niaie iauaeoeaii
iaoneiaeaiiue e enoi?e/anee caeiiiia?iue yoai yaiethoeee ?uii/iuo
ioiioaiee, oa?aeoa?ecothueeny eiieo?aioeeae oeeaeeeciaaiiuo oi?i
nianoaaiiinoe e oicyenoaiaaiey, aunieie yooaeoeaiinoueth yeiiiieee e
niioaaonoaothuae nioeeaeueiie caueuaiiinoueth ethaeae.

Nioeeaeueiia ?uii/iia oicyenoai a iaycaoaeueiii ii?yaeea
i?aaeoniao?eaaao aeaenoaaiiua ia?u ainoaea?noaaiiiai ?aaoee?iaaiey
yeiiiieee. E oioy ia yooaeoeaiinoe yoeo ia?, noaiaie aiaoaoaeuenoaa
ainoaea?noaa a yeiiiieeo e i aai iaiaoiaeeiinoe aiiaua i?iaeieaeatho
nii?eoue yeiiiienou, ia i?aeoeea yoio aii?in iaeiicia/ii iieiaeeoaeueii
?aoai a aieueoeinoaa no?ai oeeaeeeciaaiiiai ?uiea.

A naiae iai?aaeaiiinoe aaeoi?u yeiiiie/aneie e nioeeaeueiie
yooaeoeaiinoe ?uii/iie yeiiiieee aeaeaei ia anaaaea niaiaaeatho, aieaa
oiai, aac?aaioeoea, n?aaieoaeueiay ieuaoa, nioeeaeueiua iiey?ecaoeey e
no?aoeoeeaoeey iauanoaa yaeythony eiiaiaioiuie ao?eaooaie ?uii/iie
yeiiiieee. Aeey ieieiecaoeee yoeo nioeeaeueiuo yaeaiee oaeaea o?aaoaony
ainoaea?noaaiiia aiaoaoaeuenoai, ?aaoee?iaaiea ?uiea.

Ia aaeieieno?aoeaiay eee a eo/oai neo/aa aaeieieno?aoeaii-yeiiiie/aneay
iiaeaeue ?uii/iiai ?aaoee?iaaiey, a yeiiiieei-aaeieieno?aoeaiay (n
oaea?aieai ia ia?aii neiaa) iiaeaeue aeieaeia noaoue i?ei?eoaoii a
Oe?aeia. E ecia?aoaoue ooo ie/aai iiaiai ia i?eoiaeeony. N?aaee aeaaiuo
e ii?iae?iaaiiuo eino?oiaioia ?aaoee?iaaiey ?uii/iie yeiiiieee
neaaeothuea: oeiainiai-e?aaeeoiay nenoaia n niaa?oaiiuie iaeiaiaie,
yienneiiiie e oaiiaeaiii-iioeeiiie iieeoeeie, oeiaine?iaaieai,
e?aaeeoii, no?aoaaeae e oaeoeeie i?ioeaioiuo noaaie; iaoaieci
oeaiiia?aciaaiey e ii?aaeaeaiiia niioiioaiea a iai oaa?aeuo e aeaeeo,
iioiauo e ?icie/iuo oeai n ii?iaoeaaie oi?ie?iaaiey no?oeoo?iuo
neaaaaiuo oeaiu; ?acee/iua ia?eaoeiaiaua iae?ioneeey, oi?ie?othuea
yeiiiie/aneea iio?aaiinoe e iio?aaeoaeueneee ni?in ianaeaiey;
eiaanoeoeeiiiay iieeoeea ainoaea?noaa e, iauai e no?oeoo?a i?iecaiaeeiuo
oiaa?ia, oi?iu eo caeoiee e ?aaeecaoeee, eaiou i?iecaiaenoaa,
yenii?oii-eiii?oiay iieeoeea; yeaiaiou e aeiionoeiua i?aaeaeu
/?acau/aeiinoe i?e ?aaeecaoeee yeiiiie/aneeo i?ia?aii a yeno?aiaeueiuo
oneiaeyo ia?aoiaeiiai ia?eiaea, a oaeaea ae?oaea ?u/aae ?aaoee?iaaiey.

Eiaiii ?aaoee?iaaiea ?uiea aeieaeii ninoaaeyoue eueaeioth aeieth oiai,
/ai iaiaoiaeeii naaiaeiy caieiaoueny i?aaeoaeuenoao Oe?aeiu. I?e yoii ia
aeieaeii neiaeeoueny iieiaeaiea, eiaaea ainoaea?noaaiiay iiaea aoaeao
?ani?ino?aiyoueny oieueei ia ainoaea?noaaiiue naeoi? yeiiiieee, a
/anoiue naeoi? aoaeao eeai i?aaeinoaaeai naiiio naaa, eeai iaeiaeai
iaiuneeiuie aaeieieno?aoeaii-yeiiiie/aneeie oeaaaaoiaie. Ca eneeth/aieai
i?aaei?eyoee-iiiiiieenoia, i?aaeea ?uii/iie ea?u, a oii /enea e
?aaoee?iaaiey yeiiiieee, aeieaeiu auoue iaeeiaeiau aeey anao.

I?e yoii iaeuecy ia neacaoue ianeieueei neia i oaeii aaaeiaeoai
neaaaaiii ainoaea?noaaiiiai aicaeaenoaey ia iae?i e iee?i yeiiiie/aneee
i?ioeann, eae ieaie?iaaiea. Neeaaeuaaaony aia/aoeaiea, /oi naaiaeiy
oiio?aaeaiea oa?ieia ieaie?iaaiea n/eoaaony /ooue ee ia iiinainii anee
ia i?aaeiineaoue aio ii?aaeaeaiea “eiaeeeaoeaiia”. Ae?oaeie neiaaie,
aano?aeiinoue anaiauaiethuaai aee?aeoeaiiai ieaie?iaaiey a?aiai
?aaeueiiai nioeeaeecia iaeioi?ua yeiiiienou ?ani?ino?aiytho ia
ieaie?iaaiea aiiaua. Aiai?y i iaiaoiaeeiinoe iae?iyeiiiie/aneiai
ieaie?iaaiey ciaiaieoue aia?eeaineee i?aaei?eieiaoaeue Ee sseieea
iiae/a?eeaaao: “Ainoaea?noaaiiia ieaie?iaaiea ioithaeue ia aeieaeii
icia/aoue nioeeaeeci. Iii icia/aao eeoue iaee/ea i?iaeoiaiiie no?aoaaee,
noi?ioee?iaaiiuo oeaeae. Iii icia/aao niaeaniaaiea anao aniaeoia
yeiiiie/aneie iieeoeee aianoi ?ac?iciaiiiai auaeaeaeaiey ii /anoyi,
iaaeaniie eo ?ac?aaioee ethaeueie, i?aneaaeothueie eeoue naie ocei
a?oiiiaua eioa?anu.”

Auneacaiiay iuneue naaiaeiy /?acau/aeii aeooaeueia aeey yeiiiieee
Oe?aeiu. Eai io iieiie aiieiaee aee?aeoeaiiai ieaie?iaaiey iayoiee
iaoaai aini?eyoey ea/ioeny e canoue a e?aeia i?ioeaiiieiaeiie iiceoeee –
iieiii io?eoeaiee ainoaea?noaaiiiai ieaie?iaaiey eae aaaeiaeoaai ?u/aaa
?aaoee?iaaiey yeiiiieee.

Ana neacaiiia iicaieyao naeaeaoue auaiae, /oi ?a/ue naaiaeiy eaeao ia
noieueei i iiiaiaa?eaioiinoee auai?a iiaeaeae oe?aeineie yeiiiieee,
neieueei i aai i?aaeii?aaeaeaiiinoe ?aiaa neiaeeaoeieny
iieeoeei-yeiiiie/aneeie ianoiyoaeuenoaaie iae?io?iaiy. Ie i?aaaee?iaaiea
ieaiiai-?anii?yaeeoaeueiuo ia/ae, ie aeoeaio oi?ne?iaaiii nicaeaiiua
noaoai ?uii/iua, a a nouanoaothuae neooaoeee iai?a/eaathueany naiae
i?ioeaiiieiaeiinoueth niiniau aaeaina ia?aie/aiiuo ?ano?nia e
iaia?aie/aiiuo iio?aaiinoae, ia noeyo iioeienoe/aneeo ia?niaeoea
?acaeoeth nioeeaeueii i?eaioe?iaaiiie ?uii/iie yeiiiieea a Oe?aeia.

Ia?aoiae e nioeeaeueii i?eaioe?iaaiiie ?uii/iie yeiiiieea i?aaeiieaaaao
iaiaoiaeeiinoue oe?ieiianooaaiiai ainoaea?noaaiiiai ?aaoee?iaaiey
yeiiiieee, oi anoue iaee/ea ?aaoee?oaiiai ?uiea ai anao noa?ao
iauanoaaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa. Oaeia ?aaoee?iaaiea inouanoaeyaony eae
yeiiiie/aneeie, oae e aaeieieno?aoeaiuie iaoiaeaie. Eo neaaeoao ia
i?ioeaiiinoaaeyoue, a i?aaie/ii ni/aoaoue, enoiaey ec oiai, a eaeie ia?a
aaeieieno?aoeaiia ?aaoee?iaaiea ioaa/aao o?aaiaaieyi iauaeoeaiiai
?acaeoey, iuiaoiaai ninoiyiey yeiiiieee e ae?.

A eoiaa au?eniauaathony oaeea eiioo?u iiaeaee ?uii/iie yeiiiieee
Oe?aeiu.

Ai-ia?auo, yoi aeieaeai auoue nioeeaeueii i?eaioe?iaaiiue ?uiie,
aa?iiie/ii ni/aoathuee aioeoioaeeoa?iue iaoaieci nioeeaeueiiai ?uii/iiai
oicyenoaa e yeiiiie/aneia iae?i?aaoee?iaaiea niaoaiiie yeiiiieee.

Ai-aoi?uo, iiaay iiaeaeue yeiiiieee aeieaeia i?aaeoniao?eaaoue, n iaeiie
noi?iiu, ioiineoaeueii i?iaeieaeeoaeueiia ninouanoaiaaiea neeueiiai
ainoaea?noaaiiiai e ia?iaeaeathuaainy /anoiiai naeoi?a yeiiiieee. I?e
yoii i?aaaee?iaaiea ia ia?aii yoaia ainoaea?noaaiiiai naeoi?a ia
aeieaeii icia/aoue eaeeo eeai iniauo eueaio, i?aeiouanoa eee
eneeth/eoaeueiuo i?aa, eioi?uie iieueciaaeenue i?aaei?eyoey yoiai
naeoi?a. Aianoa n oai, eo?n ia nei?aeoaa noaiiaeaiea /anoiiai naeoi?a ia
aeieaeai icia/aoue eneonnoaaiiue e oi?ne?iaaiiue ?acaeae
ainoaea?noaaiiuo i?aaei?eyoee, eo iaiaaeeaiioth iiaieiaioth ia?aaea/o a
/anoiua ?oee. Oaeea i?iaeaiu aeieaeiu ?aoaoueny iinoaiaiii e n iiiiuueth
iaoaieciia eiieo?aioeee, ?acainoaea?noaeaiey, i?eaaoecaoeee,
aaie?ionoaa, neeyiee, iiaeiuaiee e ae?oaeo o?ainoi?iaoeee.

A-o?aoueeo, e a aeeaeaeoai aoaeouai yeiiiieea Oe?aeiu ia iiaeao auoue
ie/ai eiui, e?iia eae aeaienoaaiiie yeiiiieeie, iaeiei ec aeaaiuo
e?eoa?eaa oi?aaeyaiinoe eioi?ie aoaeao i?ioeai?a/eaia aaeeinoai
aeinoaoi/ii aeanoeiai ?aaoee?iaaiey yeiiiieee e ?uii/iiai
naii?aaoee?iaaiey. I?e/ai ineaaeaiea e noaeaiea noa?u iae?i?aaoee?iaaiey
aeieaeii i?ienoiaeeoue oieueei ii ia?a noaiiaeaiey e ia?anoaiey
?uii/iiai naii?aaoee?iaaiey a aai oeeaeeeciaaiiuo oi?iao.

A-/aoaa?ouo, oneeaiea ?uii/iie i?eaioaoeee e ?uii/iuo oaiaeaioeee a
noa?a yeiiiieee aeieaeii i?ienoiaeeoue ia oiia aiaeiae/iiai oneeaiey
?iee ainoaea?noaa a nioeeaeueiie noa?a.

A-iyouo, a neiaeeaoaeny iieeoeei-yeiiiie/aneie neooaoeee yeiiiieea
Oe?aeiu aeieaeia i?aaenoaaeyoue niaie ia naia?aoenoneoth, a oieoa?ioth
eiino?oeoeeth, n nouanoaaiiuie yeaiaioaie ?aaeiiaeueiiai
naiioicyenoaiaaiey.

Caeeth/aiea.

Iinea ?anniio?aiey e aiaeeca auoaeceiaeaiiuo i?iaeai e i?aaeeiaeaiee
ii eo ?aoaieth, aac eioi?uo iaiuneeii nouanoaiaaiea e ieiaeioai?iay
aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoue iaoaai iauanoaa, iai?aoeaaaony aaeeinoaaiii
aiciiaeiue a yoie iai?inoie neooaoeee auaiae, /oi aeey ii?iaeueiiai
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey nioeeaeueii i?eaioe?iaaiiie ?uii/iie yeiiiieee Oe?aeiu
e oniaoiiai nicaeaiey yooaeoeaiiai nioeeaeueii-caueoiiai iaoaiecia
yaeythony neaaeothuea eiie?aoiua oaae, eae iacaiaaeeeoaeueiia i?eiyoea e
iaoeinieoaeueiia i?aoai?aiea a aeeciue ii?iaoeaii-caeiiiaeaoaeueiuo
aeoia, iai?aaeaiiuo ia iiauoaiea caiyoinoe e iaania/aiea ainoaea?noaii
nioeeaeueiie iiaeaea?aeee ianaeaiey ; ieacaiea ainoaea?noaaiiie iiiiue
a nicaeaiee e iiaeaea?aeea oaeeo iiauo, i?enoueo ?uii/iie yeiiiieea
einoeoooia, eae ae?aeu o?oaea, ?uiie ?aai/ae neeu, oeaio?u caiyoinoe e
iiauoaiey eaaeeoeeaoeee.

NIENIE

ENIIEUeCOAIIE EEOA?AOO?U:

1. Ii/a?iue N. “Iniiau yeiiiie/aneie oai?ee”

oaia 4, n. 156-161;

2. Ni?iea E. “Nioeeaeueiia ?uii/iia oicyenoai e niaoaiiay yeiiiieea eae
i?ei?eoaoiua iiaeaee oe?aeineiai ?uiea”

“Yeiiiieea Oe?aeiu”, ?5, 1994 a.

3. Aooiee A. “E ioaeeeaoeee aeaa ?aaiou Aaeueoa?a Ieeaia “Iniiaiua
i?eioeeiu yeiiiie/aneie iieeoeee”

“?inneeneee yeiiiie/aneee aeo?iae”,

?2, 1993 a.

4. Ei?iae ss. “Iooue e naiaiaeiie yeiiiieea”,

I., “Yeiiiieea”, 1993 a., n.64

5. Ii/a?iue N. “E eaeie nenoaia aeaeaaoueny?”

“Yeiiiieea Oe?aeiu”,?6,1993 a., n.14-24

6. E?aaeenia A., Aiae?ia A., Eaiiaiei I. “Nouiinoue, no?oeoo?a e
i?eioeeiu i?aaiecaoeee nioeeaeueiiai ?uii/iiai oicyenoaa”

“Yeiiiieea Oe?aeiu”, ?4,1993a., n.38-47

7. *e/eaiia A. “Eaeoth iiaeaeue iu auae?aai?”

“Yeiiiieea e aeeciue”, ?7, 1992 a.

8. sseieea E. “Ea?uea?a iaiaaeaea?a”

I., “I?ia?ann”,1991 a., n. 361

9. Ii/a?iue N. “E eaeie nenoaia aeaeaaoueny?”

“Yeiiiieea Oe?aeiu”, ?6,1993a., n.16,23

10. Aieuineee I. “?uiie: ca e i?ioea…”

“Aeiai?ianeay iaii?aia”, 1994a., 17 ethiy

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