Iineianeee aunoee einoeooo oi?aaeaiey.
A?oaiaaeueneee oeeeae.
Eaoaae?a nioeeieiaee.
?aoa?ao :
Iaoiaeu nai?a nioeeieiae/aneie eioi?iaoeee.
Nooaeaio : ?uaeeia Na?aae Aeeoi?iae/.
Oaeoeueoao : Yeiiiie/aneee, 1 eo?n. ? AY-195959
Iao/iue ?oeiaiaeeoaeue : Ae?aaaei Aeaenaiae? Aeaenaaae/.
Noaiaiue : I?ioanni?, aeieoi? oeeinioneeo iaoe.
A?oaiaaeuene – 1996
I E A I ? A A I O U :
Aaaaeaiea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 3
I?ia?aiia, oeaeue, caaea/e enneaaeiaaiey. . . 4
I?ia?aiia. Aa niaea?aeaiea.
Oeaee e caaea/e enneaaeiaaiey.
Auai?ea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. 6
Oaoiieiaey eiino?oe?iaaiey auai?ie.
Oeiu auai?ie.
Iaoiaeu nai?a eioi?iaoeee . . . . . . . 8
I?yiia iaaethaeaiea
Aiaeec aeieoiaioia
Eioa?aueth.
Aieaoiua ii?inu.
Caeeth/aiea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45
Nienie eeoa?aoo?u. . . . . . . . . . . . 46
1. Aaaaeaiea.
Nioeeieiaey – iaoea, eco/athuay iauanoai. Yoa iaoea i?ecaaia ociaaaoue
iauanoaaiiia iiaiea ii oai eee eiui aii?inai, e oai naiui
niinianoaiaaoue oeo/oaieth oneiaee nioeeaeueiie (iauanoaaiiie) aeecie
eaaeaeiai ec ian. Eiia/ii ?a/ue eaeao ia oieueei ia iauanoaa a oeaeii,
ii e i ee/iinoe, eae iaiouaieaiie /anoe iauanoaa.
Nioeeieiaey iniaaiii aaaeia a iaoa ianoaaeeueiia a?aiy. Iia aeieaeia
iiiiaaoue i?aayuei no?oeoo?ai iiaeaea?aeeaaoue eaeoth-oi noaaeeueiinoue
a iauanoaa, oaeii o?oieii a iineaaeiaa a?aiy. Ana yoi aieaa eee iaiaa
iiiyoiay noi?iia nioeeieiaee. Iinea oiai, eae iu ociaai iauanoaaiiia
iiaiea, oaea aoaeao ynii – /oi iaaei naeaeaoue, /oiau a neaaeothuee ?ac
iiaiea ii yoiio aii?ino auei eo/oa.
A eae ociaoue iiaiea iauanoaa? Eaeiau iaoiaeu nai?a nioeeieiae/aneie
eioi?iaoeee?
Ioaao ia yoio aii?in e aoaeao oeaeueth aeaiiie ?aaiou.
Aeey ia/aea, iieoo ae?aooea iniiaiua ia/aeueiua i?ioeaaeo?u
nioeeieiae/aneiai enneaaeiaaiey (i?ia?aiia, oeaeue enneaaeiaaiey,
auai?ee), a caoai ia?aeaeo e iniiaiiio aii?ino, o.a. iaoiaeai nai?a
nioeeieiae/aneie eioi?iaoeee (ii?in, aieaoa, iaaethaeaiea).
2. I?ia?aiia, oeaeue, caaea/e enneaaeiaaiey.
I?ia?aiia nioeeieiae/aneiai enneaaeiaaiey ioaeia aeey oiai /oiau:
1) eiae/ii, ynii i?aaenoaaeoue oeaee, caaea/e enneaaeiaaiey
2) i/a?oeoue iauaeo enneaaeiaaiey
3) iaeoe, aaeaeaaoiua oeaee, ?aoaiey
4) ?aoaoue i?aeoe/aneea caaea/e a oiaea oai?aoe/aneiai enneaaeiaaiey
5) iicaieyao auno?i auyaeoue aiciiaeiua ioeaee.
I?ia?aiia – yoai naiinoiyoaeueiiai oai?aoe/aneiai iienea. Yoi iiaeao
auoue ?aaioa a ianooaaao a?oiiu eeoe (ioaeaea), a iiaeao – i?ioeann
?aaiou einoeoooa a oa/aiee aiaea.
Niaea?aeaiea i?ia?aiiu:
1) I?iaeaiu enneaaeiaaiey.
I?iaeaia – anoue i?ioeai?a/ea iaaeaeo caiuneii, oeaeueth e ?acoeueoaoii;
iaaeaeo iaeeaeaaiui e ?aaeueiinoueth.
Iiae i?iaeaiiie neooaoeeae iiieiatho i?ioeai?a/ea iaaeaeo niciaieai
iio?aaiinoae e iaciaieai, eae yoi naeaeaoue, iaciaieai n?aaenoa e
iaoiaeia aeinoeaeaiey oeaee.
2) Iauaeo enneaaeiaaiey – yoi iaeanoue nioeeaeueiie aeecie eee
?aaeueiinoe, eioi?ay niaea?aeeo i?ioeai?a/ey e i?aaenoaaeyao eioa?an
aeey enneaaeiaaiey. Iauaeo ia?aie/ai ianoii aeeoaeuenoaa, ?aaiou.
3) I?aaeiao enneaaeiaaiey – iaeanoue nioeeaeueiie aeecie, niaea?aeauay
i?ioeai?a/ey ioiioaiey ethaeae e /aio-oi.
Oeaeue enneaaeiaaiey – iauay iai?aaeaiiinoue – iaeeaeaaiue eiia/iue
?acoeueoao. Caaea/aie enneaaeiaaiey yaeyaony eiie?aoecaoeey oeaee.
Aeey enneaaeiaaiey neaaeoao i?iecaanoe yiie?e/aneoth eioa?i?aoaoeeth
iiiyoee – ia?aaiae iaueo oa?ieiia ia ycue iiaeeaaeauee ecia?aieth, o.a.
nicaeaoue aieaa oi/iua, oi?iuaiiua iiiyoey. Iai?eia?, aeenoeeieeia
o?oaea:
1) Ioiioaiea e o?oaeiaui ii?iai
2) Ioiioaiea e ?anii?yaeeo
3) I?iaoe
Iia?aoeeiiaeecaoeey iiiyoee – enneaaeiaaoaeue aeieaeai eco/eoue ii?yaeie
enneaaeiaaiey iauaeoa. Ae?iaeaiea iiiyoee ia ninoaaeythuea.
Enneaaeiaaiey iauaeoa oie?athony a iino?iaiea aeiioac – iainiiaaiiia
i?aaeiieiaeaiea i no?oeoo?a nioeeaeueiiai iauaeoa, i oa?aeoa?a naycae
iaaeaeo yeaiaioaie, i oaeoi?ao, eioi?ua aeaoa?ieie?otho nayce.
I?aaeea enneaaeiaaiey, i?aaeuyaeyaiia e aeiioacai:
1. Aeiioaca ia aeieaeia niaea?aeaoue ia i?iaa?aiiuo iiiyoee.
2. Aeiioaca ia aeieaeia i?ioeai?a/eoue ecaanoiui iao/iui oaeoai.
3. Aeiioaca ia aeieaeia auoue eceeoia neiaeiie.
4. A aeiioaca aeieaeiu auoue niiniau aa i?iaa?ee.
Ana, auoa ia?a/eneaiiia, ninoaaeyao i?ia?aiio nioeeieiae/aneiai
enneaaeiaaiey. Oaia?ue ia?aoeiny e ?aaeecaoeee yoie i?ia?aiiu.
3. Auai?ea.
Auai?ea – /anoue aaia?aeueiie niaieoiiinoe, iiaeiiiaeanoai yeaiaioia,
eioi?ia ecae?aaony aeey eco/aiey.
Aaia?aeueiay niaieoiiinoue – iiiaeanoai yeaiaioia, aiciiaeiuo
nioeeaeueiuo iauaeoia, iiaeeaaeaueo eco/aieth niaeanii aeiioacai a
?aieao i?ia?aiiu.
Enneaaeiaaoaeue aeieaeai iao/eoueny niiinoaaeyoue aaia?aeueioth e
auai?i/ioth niaieoiiinoe. *anoue aaia?aeueiie niaieoiiinoe iiaeii
eco/aoue, anee oa?aeoa?enoeea yoie /anoe niioaaonoaoao oa?aeoa?enoeea
aaia?aeueiie niaieoiiinoe; o.a. auai?ea anaaaea aeieaeia i?aaenoaaeyoue
ana iniiaiua oa?aeoa?enoeee aaia?aeueiie niaieoiiinoe.
*aua anaai aeey oi?ie?iaaiey auai?ee eniieuecothony neaaeothuea
oa?aeoa?enoeee:
1) Iie
2) Aic?ano
3) Ia?aciaaiea
4) ?iae caiyoee
Eiaaea aa?oony ae?oaea iieacaoaee, oi yoi aiai?eo i niaoeeoe/iinoe
enneaaeiaaiey. Iai?eia? – eiaaeeaeu, aaoa?aiu e o.ae.
Iauai auai?ee caaeneo io ?yaea i?e/ei, a oii /enea e io caaea/e
enneaaeiaaiey.
I?e iauae auai?ea aa?iyoiinoue ioeaee ninoaaeyao 5-10%.
I?e iaaeaaeiie auai?ea aa?iyoiinoue ioeaee – 3-5%.
Caienuaaaony yoi oae: ? = 0,05 – 0,03
Aeey i?eia?a iiaeii i?eaanoe neaaeothuea aeaiiua:
Ioeaea auai?ee ia aieaa ? = 0,05 :
N – aaia?aeueiay niaieoiiinoue
n – eiee/anoai ii?ioaiiuo
N 500 1 000 2 000 3 000 10 000 100 000 e aieaa
n 222 286 333 350 385 398
Iau/ii, aeey oiai /oiau enneaaeiaaoue iiaiey ii A?oaiaaeueneie iaeanoe,
ii?aoeaatho io 450 aei 1 000 /aeiaae.
Oeiu auai?ie :
1. Neo/aeiay auai?ea
1) Eioa?aeiue iaoiae
2) Iaoiae ?aaiuo eioa?aaeia (oaa)
3) Iaoiae neo/aeiuo /enae (ii oaaeeoeai neo/aeiuo /enae)
2. Oeaeaaay auai?ea
3. Aae?aniay auai?ea (?aeiie?iaaiiay)
1) Iaoiae naoi/ee (i?e iiiiue ea?o ianoiinoe)
2) Iaoiae nie?aee (i?e iiiiue ea?o ianoiinoe)
4. Iaoiaeu nai?a eioi?iaoeee
Nouanoaoao o?e iniiaiuo eeanna iaoiaeia nai?a nioeeieiae/aneie
eioi?iaoeee:
1) I?yiia iaaethaeaiea
2) Aiaeec aeieoiaioia
3) Ii?inu, eioi?ua aeaeyony ia aeaa iiaeeeanna:
a) eioa?aueth
a) aieaoiue ii?in
I?ssIIA IAAETHAeAIEA
Iiae iaaethaeaieai a nioeeieiaee iiae?acoiaaaaony i?yiay ?aaeno?aoeey
niauoee i/aaeaeoeai.
Iaaethaeaiea iiaeao iineoue ?acee/iue oa?aeoa?. Eiiaaea nioeeieia
naiinoiyoaeueii iaaethaeaao i?ienoiaeyuea niauoey. Eiiaaea ii iiaeao
iieueciaaoueny aeaiiuie iaaethaeaiee ae?oaeo eeoe.
Iaaethaeaiea auaaao i?inoui e iao/iui. I?inoia – yoi oi, eioi?ia ia
iiae/eiaii ieaio e aaaeaony aac ii?aaeaeaiii ?ac?aaioaiiie nenoaiu.
Iao/iia iaaethaeaiea ioee/aaony oai, /oi:
a) Iii iiae/eiaii yniie enneaaeiaaoaeueneie oeaee e /aoei
noi?ioee?iaaiiui caaea/ai.
a) Iao/iia iaaethaeaiea ieaie?oaony ii ca?aiaa iaaeoiaiiie i?ioeaaeo?a.
a) Ana aeaiiua iaaethaeaiey oeene?othony a i?ioieieao eee aeiaaieeao ii
ii?aaeaeaiiie nenoaia.
a) Eioi?iaoeey, iieo/aiiay iooai iao/iiai iaaethaeaiey, aeieaeia
iiaeaeaaaoueny eiio?ieth ia iainiiaaiiinoue e onoie/eainoue.
Iaaethaeaiea eeanneoeoee?oaony:
1) Ii noaiaie oi?iaeeciaaiiinoe auaeaeytho iaeiio?iee?oaiia (eee
ianoaiaea?oeciaaiiia, aanno?oeoo?iia) e eiio?iee?oaiia
(noaiaea?oeciaaiiia, no?oeoo?iia). A iaeiio?iee?oaiii iaaethaeaiee
iieuecothony eeoue i?eioeeieaeueiui ieaiii, a i?e eiio?iee?oaiii –
?aaeno?e?otho niauoey ii aeaoaeueii ?ac?aaioaiiie i?ioeaaeo?a.
2) A caaeneiinoe io iieiaeaiey iaaethaeaoaey ?acee/atho nio/anoaothuaa
(eee aeeth/aiiia) e i?inoia (iaaeeth/aiiia) iaaethaeaiey. Ai a?aiy
aeeth/aiiiai iaaethaeaiey enneaaeiaaoaeue eieoe?oao aoiaeaeaiea a
nioeeaeueioth n?aaeo, aaeaioe?oaony a iae e aiaeece?oao niauoey eae au
“ecioo?e”. A iaaeeth/aiiii (i?inoii) iaaethaeaiee enneaaeiaaoaeue
iaaethaeaao “ni noi?iiu”, ia aiaoeaaynue a niauoey.
A iaieo neo/ayo iaaethaeaiea iiaeao i?iecaiaeeoueny ioe?uoi eee
eieiaieoi.
Iaeia ec iiaeeoeeaoeee aeeth/aiiiai iaaethaeaiey iineo iacaaiea
noeioee?othuaai iaaethaeaiey. Yoio niinia iiae?acoiaaaao aicaeaenoaea
enneaaeiaaoaey ia niauoey eioi?ua ii iaaethaeaao. Nioeeieia nicaeaao
ii?aaeaeaiioth neooaoeeth, aeey oiai /oiau noeioee?iaaoue niauoey, /oi
aeaao aiciiaeiinoue ioeaieoue ?aaeoeeth ia yoi aiaoaoaeuenoai.
3) Ii oneiaeyi i?aaiecaoeee iaaethaeaiey aeaeyony ia iieaaua
(iaaethaeaiey a anoanoaaiiuo oneiaeyo) e ia eaai?aoi?iua (a
yenia?eiaioaeueiie neooaoeee).
I?ioeaaeo?a ethaiai iaaethaeaiey neeaaeuaaaony ec ioaaoa ia aii?inu:
“*oi iaaethaeaoue?”, “Eae iaaethaeaoue?” e “Eae aanoe caiene?”.
Iinoa?aainy iaeoe ia ieo ioaaou.
Ia ia?aue aii?in ioaa/aao i?ia?aiia enneaaeiaaiey, a /anoiinoe ninoiyiea
aeiioac, yiie?e/aneea eiaeeeaoi?u auaeaeaiiuo iiiyoee, no?aoaaey
enneaaeiaaiey a oeaeii.
I?e ionoonoaee /aoeeo aeiioac, eiaaea enneaaeiaaiea i?iaiaeeony ii
oiieoeyoeaiiio (i?eia?iiio) ieaio, i?eiaiytho i?inoia eee aanno?oeoo?iia
iaaethaeaiea. Oeaeue oaeiai i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai iaaethaeaiey caeeth/aaony
a oii, /oiau i?eaeoiaoue aeiioacu aeey aieaa no?iaiai iienaiey
iaaethaeaaiiai iauaeoa. I?e yoii eniieuecoaony neaaeothuaa:
1) Iauay oa?aeoa?enoeea nioeeaeueiie neooaoeee, aeeth/athuay oaeea
yeaiaiou, eae: noa?a aeayoaeueiinoe (i?iecaiaenoaaiiay,
iai?iecaiaenoaaiiay, ooi/iaiea aa iniaaiiinoae e o.ae.); i?aaeea e
ii?iu, ?aaoee?othuea ninoiyiea iauaeoa a oeaeii ( oi?iaeueiua e
iauai?eiyoua, ii ia cae?aieaiiua a eino?oeoeeyo eee ?anii?yaeaieyo);
noaiaiue naii?aaoeyoeee iauaeoa iaaethaeaiey (a eaeie ia?a aai ninoiyiea
ii?aaeaeyaony aiaoieie oaeoi?aie e aioo?aiieie i?e/eiaie).
2) Iiiuoea ii?aaeaeeoue oeie/iinoue iaaethaeaaiiai iauaeoa a aeaiiie
neooaoeee, ioiineoaeueii ae?oaeo iauaeoia e neooaoeee; yeieiae/aneay
N?aaea, iaeanoue aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe, iauanoaaiiay, yeiiiie/aneay e
iieeoe/aneay aoiinoa?a, ninoiyiea iauanoaaiiiai niciaiey ia aeaiiue
iiiaio.
3) Noauaeou eee o/anoieee nioeeaeueiuo niauoee. A caaeneiinoe io iauae
caaea/e iaaethaeaiey eo iiaeii eeanneoeoee?iaaoue: ii aeaiia?aoe/aneei e
nioeeaeueiui i?eciaeai; ii niaea?aeaieth aeayoaeueiinoe (oa?aeoa?
o?oaea, noa?a caiyoee, noa?a aeinoaa); ioiineoaeueii noaoona a
eieeaeoeaa eee a?oiia (?oeiaiaeeoaeue eieeaeoeaa, iiae/eiaiiue,
aaeieieno?aoi?, iauanoaaiiue aeayoaeue, /eai eieeaeoeaa…); ii
ioeoeeaeueiui ooieoeeyi a niaianoiie aeayoaeueiinoe ia eco/aaiii iauaeoa
(iaycaiiinoe, i?aaa, ?aaeueiua aiciiaeiinoe eo inouanoaeaiey; i?aaeea,
eioi?ui iie neaaeotho no?iai e eioi?uie i?eiaa?aaatho…); ii
iaioeoeeaeueiui ioiioaieyi e ooieoeeyi (ae?oaeaa, nayce, iaoi?iaeueiia
eeaea?noai, aaoi?eoao…).
4) Oeaeue aeayoaeueiinoe e nioeeaeueiua eioa?anu noauaeoia e a?oii:
iauea e a?oiiiaua oeaee e eioa?anu; ioeoeeaeueiua e iaoi?iaeueiua;
iaeia?yaiua e ia iaeia?yaiua a aeaiiie n?aaea; niaeaniaaiiinoue
eioa?ania e oeaeae.
5) No?oeoo?a aeayoaeueiinoe ni noi?iiu: aiaoieo iiaoaeaeaiee (noeioeu),
aioo?aiieo iniciaiiuo iaia?aiee (iioeau), n?aaenoa, i?eaeaeaaiuo aeey
aeinoeaeaiey oeaeae (ii niaea?aeaieth n?aaenoa e ii ii?aeueiie eo
ioeaiea), ii eioaineaiinoe aeayoaeueiinoe (i?iaeoeoeaiay,
?ai?iaeoeoeaiay; iai?yaeaiiay, niieieiay) e ii aa i?aeoe/aneei
?acoeueoaoai (iaoa?eaeueiua e aeooiaiua i?iaeoeou).
6) ?aaoey?iinoue e /anoioa iaaethaeaaiuo niauoee: ii ?yaeo oeacaiiuo
auoa ia?aiao?ia e ii oeie/iui neooaoeeyi, eioi?ua eie iienuaathony.
Iaaethaeaiea ii oaeiio ieaio iicaieyao aieaa oi?ioi ?acia?aoueny a
iauaeoa iaaethaeaiey.
Ii nia?aiiui i?aaeaa?eoaeueiui aeaiiui caaea/e iaaethaeaiey ooi/iythony.
Iaeioi?ua noi?iiu iaaethaeaaiuo niauoee eco/athony aieaa aeaoaeueii,
ae?oaea aiana iioneathony.
Oaeei ia?acii, iinea i?aaeaa?eoaeueiiai, iaaethaeaiea ia?aoiaeeo a
noaaeeth aieaa oi?iaeeciaaiiiai iienea.
Ninoaaeaieth aeanoeie i?ioeaaeo?u eiio?iee?oaiiai iaaethaeaiey
i?aaeoanoaoao aeaoaeueiue aiaeec i?iaeaiu ia iniiaa oai?ee e aeaiiuo
iaeiio?iee?oaiiai iaaethaeaiey. Oaia?ue ioaeaeueiua yaeaiey, niauoey,
oi?iu iiaaaeaiey ethaeae aeieaeiu auoue eioa?i?aoe?iaaiu a iiiyoeyo
eiaeee enneaaeiaaiey, iie i?eia?aoatho niune eiaeeeaoi?ia eaeeo-oi aieaa
iaueo naienoa eee aeaenoaee.
Iio/eoaeueioth oaoieeo ?aaeno?aoeee iaaethaeaaiuo niauoee ?ac?aaioaee
iineianeea nioeeieiae a ?aieao enneaaeiaaoaeueneiai i?iaeoa
“iauanoaaiiia iiaiea” (?oeiaiaeeoaeue enneaaeiaaiey A.A.A?ooei). A /enea
iaeiiai ec eaiaeia au?aaeaiey iauanoaaiiiai iiaiey auee auaeaeaiu
nia?aiey. Aeey ?aaeno?aoeee aeaiiuo eniieueciaaeanue ea?oioaea
iaaethaeaiey, aeeth/athuay aeaayoue ?acee/iuo aeaieia ioeaiee: neooaoeee
ia?aae ia/aeii nia?aiey, i?aaiecaoeeiiiiai ia?eiaea, ?aaeno?aoeee
aeaenoaee aeieeaae/eea eee aunooiathuaai, ?aaeno?aoeee ?aaeoeee
aoaeeoi?ee ia aunooieaiea, iienaiey iauae neooaoeee ai a?aiy i?aiee,
neooaoeee i?e i?eiyoee ?aoaiee nia?aiey, a /anoiinoe i?e ianoaeaeaiee
iii?aaie e aeiiieiaiee e i?iaeoo ?aoaiey, neooaoeee ii ieii/aiee
nia?aiey e ea?oi/ea iauae oa?aeoa?enoeee nia?aiey.
Aio eae auaeyaeeo ea?oi/ea eiaeeeaoi?ia aeey ?aaeno?aoeee ioiioaiey
o/anoieeia nia?aiey e aunooiathuaio – aeieeaae/eeo, o/anoieeo
aeeneonnee.
Eiaeeeaoi?u ioiioaiey o/anoieeia nia?aiey e aunooiathuei
iooai i?yiiai iaaethaeaiey ?aaeoeee aoaeeoi?ee
Yeaiaiou iaaethaeaaiiai iiaaaeaiey Neea i?iyaeaiey ?aaeoeee
ii a?oiiai
(oeaeueiua ioeaiee) Iniaua caiaoee iaaethaeaoaey, ca?aiaa ia
oi?iaeecoaiua
A) Iaeia?eoaeueiua ?aieeee, aicaeanu, aieiaeeniaiou.
A) Iaiaeia?eoaeueiua ?aieeee e o.ae..
A) O?aaiaaiea aeiiieieoaeueiie eioi?iaoeee.
A) ?acaiai?u, naycaiiua n ianoaeaeaaiui aii?inii.
Ae) Aii?inu e aunooiathuaio.
A) Ionoonoaea ?aaeoeee (iaeo?aeueiia ioiioaiea).
AE) I?ecuau e niaethaeaieth ii?yaeea.
C) I?ecuau e niaethaeaieth ?aaeaiaioa.
E) ?acaiai?u, oaio eioi?uo ii?aaeaeeoue iaaiciiaeii.
E) Iinoi?iiiea ?acaiai?u.
E) Caiyoea iinoi?iiieie aeaeaie. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
E eaaeaeie no?iea yeaiaioia iaaethaeaaiiai iiaaaeaiey aeaia 6-/eaiiay
iiieiaeueiay oeaea, ioieou eioi?ie:
1 – i?aceaeeoi nia?aiey
2 – aieueoeinoai aoaeeoi?ee
3 – i?eia?ii iieiaeia aoaeeoi?ee
4 – iaiueoeinoai aoaeeoi?ee
5 – ianeieueei /aeiaae
6 – iaeei – aeaa /aeiaaea
Iaaethaeaiea aieueoie aoaeeoi?ee nia?aiey i?iecaiaeeony ianeieueeeie
eeoeaie, eioi?ua i?eaea?aeeaathony aaeeiie eino?oeoeee. iiaeaioiaea
i?ioieiea ?aaeno?aoeee aeaiiuo iaaethaeaiey i?aaeoanoaoao ia oieueei
?ac?aaioea iauae eiioeaioeee, ii e iaiaeiie?aoiua ianoaiaea?oeciaaiiua
iaaethaeaiey ia ?aciuo iauaeoao ( a iaoai neo/aa – nia?aieyo ?aciuo
i?aaiecaoeee e eieeaeoeaia).
Neaaeoao ee iaaethaeaoaeth aiaoeaaoueny a iaaethaeaaiue i?ioeann?
Ioaao ia yoio aii?in caaeneo io oeaee enneaaeiaaiey. Anee oeaeue
enneaaeiaaiey ninoieo a oii, /oiau iienaoue e i?iaiaeece?iaaoue
(aeeaaiinoe?iaaoue) neooaoeeth, oi aiaoaoaeuenoai eneaceo ea?oeio e
iiaeao i?eaanoe e iaaeaeaoaeueiiio aeey enneaaeiaaiey eneaaeaieth
eioi?iaoeee.
Aeey yoiai nouanoaotho niiniau aeiaeoueny ieieiaeueiuo ioeaie i?e
aeeaaiinoe/aneii iaaethaeaiee. Iaeei ec ieo caeeth/aaony a oii, /oiau
enneaaeiaaoaeue naeaeae oae, /oi ethaee ia ciatho, /oi ca ieie
iaaethaeatho. Ae?oaie niinia – nicaeaoue eiaeiia i?aaenoaaeaiea i oeaee
iaaethaeaiey. Eiia/ii yoe niiniau iiaoo iieacaoueny aaci?aanoaaiiuie, ii
/oiau aeiaeoueny i?aaaeeainoe eioi?iaoeee, enneaaeiaaoaeth eo/oa ia
iieacuaaoue naieo oeaeae, iniaaiii a oii neo/aa, anee ociaa i ieo ethaee
niiaoo iai?aaeeueii enoieeiaaoue caaea/e enneaaeiaaiey.
Anee aea oeaeue enneaaeiaaiey caeeth/aaony a i?eiyoee ii?aaeaeaiiuo
oi?aaeai/aneeo ?aoaiee, oi aiaoaoaeuenoai aoaeao iieacii, oae eae
iicaieeo eciaiyoue oiae niauoee e ioeaieaaoue iieo/aiiua ?acoeueoaou.
Eiaiii yoei oeaeyi neoaeeo noeioee?othuaa aeeth/aiiia iaaethaeaiea.
I?aeiouanoaa aeeth/aiiuo iaaethaeaiee i/aaeaeiu: iie aeatho iaeaieaa
y?eea, iaiin?aaenoaaiiua aia/aoeaiey i n?aaea, iiiiaatho eo/oa iiiyoue
iinooiee ethaeae e aeaenoaey nioeeaeueiuo iauiinoae. Ii n yoei aea
naycaiu iniiaiua iaaeinoaoee oaeiai niiniaa. Enneaaeiaaoaeue iiaeao
iioa?youe niiniaiinoue iauaeoeaii ioeaieaaoue neooaoeeth, eae au
aioo?aiia ia?aoiaey ia iiceoeee oao, eiai ii eco/aao, neeoeii
“aaeeaaaony” a naith ?ieue nio/anoieea niauoee. Iiyoiio eae i?aaeei,
eoiaii aeeth/aiiiai iaaethaeaiey yaeyaony nioeeieiae/aneia ynna, a ia
no?iai iao/iue o?aeoao.
Eiathony e i?aanoaaiiua i?iaeaiu aeeth/aiiiai iaaethaeaiey: ianeieueei
aiiaua yoe/ii, ianee?oynue iiae ?yaeiaiai o/anoieea eaeie-oi iauiinoe
ethaeae, a aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe enneaaeiaaoue eo?
Iooe iiauoaiey iaaeaaeiinoe aeaiiuo i?e iaaethaeaiee.
A iieaauo oneiaeyo, i?e i?inoii aanno?oeoo?iii e iaaeeth/aiiii
iaaethaeaiee aanoe caiene i/aiue neiaeii. Yoi oaea aeaei iaaueia e
ecia?aoaoaeueiinoe enneaaeiaaoaey. Iiaeii i?eiaiyoue ca?aiaa
?ac?aaioaiiua eiaeu. Iiaeii i?eiaiyoue ianee?iai/iua i?eaiu (iai?eia?
o/aieeo ia i?aaei?eyoee aanoe caiene, yeiau naycaiiua n ?aaioie). Iiaeii
eniieueciaaoue oi?iooth iaiyoue e ?aaeno?e?iaaoue iaaethaeaiey iicaea, a
niieieiie ianoaiiaea.
No?oeoo?eciaaiiia iaaethaeaiea i?aaei?eieiaao aieaa no?iaea i?eaiu
aaaeaiey caienae. Caeanue eniieuecothony aeaiee – i?ioieieu,
?aceeiiaaiiua ii ioieoai iaaethaeaiey n eiaeiauie iaicia/aieyie niauoee
e neooaoeee.
I?eia?: Iaaethaeaoaee e nio?oaeieee enneaaeiaaoaeueneiai eieeaeoeaa,
eioi?ua enneaaeiaaee nia?aiey, ?an/eaieee ciiu iaaethaeaiey (i?aceaeeoi,
aunooiathuee, naeoi? o/anoieeia nia?aiey ec 15-20 /aeiaae) e ii oeaea
a?aiaie oeene?iaaee i?ienoiaeyuaa, iieuecoynue eiaeaie. A i?ioieiea
(ni.noaio ieaea) a eaaeaeie no?iea aeaeaaony ioiaoea ioieoa iiieiaeueiie
oeaeu n o/aoii a?aiaie. Iaiiiith, /oi ae?oaie iaaethaeaoaeue
?aaeno?e?oao ii niioaaonoaothuae eino?oeoeee aeaenoaey i?aoi?ia, iinea
/aai iiaeii neio?iiece?iaaoue ?aaeoeee aoaeeoi?ee ia aunooieaiey n
o?eaoiu nia?aiey.
*anoioo e eioaineaiinoue niauoee a aeaiiii neo/aa ?aaeno?e?otho n
iiiiuueth oeae ?aiaee?iaaiey ii i?aaeuaeouae noaia, a?aoa 2. Nia?aiaiiay
oaoieea iicaieyao eniieueciaaoue iaaieoioii, eeii- eee oioiaiia?ao,
aeaeaicaiene, iaania/eaathuea iiaeeeiiinoue ?aaeno?aoeee iaaethaeaaiiai.
I?ioieie ?aaeno?aoeee niauoee ia iniiaa eiaeeeaoi?ia
ioiioaiey o/anoieeia nia?aiey e aunooiathuei
A?aiy Yeaiaiou iaaethaeaaiiai iiaaaeaiey e ?aaeoeee, eiaee?oaiua a
iiieiaeueiie oeaea Iniaua ioiaoee, i?eia/aiey
0 – 5 iei
6 – 10 iei
……………………………………..
a a a a ae a ae c e…
Iaaeaaeiinoue (iainiiaaiiinoue e onoie/eainoue aeaiiuo iiauoaaony, anee
auiieiyoue neaaeothuea i?aaeea:
a) Iaeneiaeueii ae?iaii eeanneoeoee?iaaoue yeaiaiou niauoee,
iiaeeaaeaueo iaaethaeaieth, iieuecoynue /aoeeie eiaeeeaoi?aie. Eo
iaaeaaeiinoue i?iaa?yaony a i?iaiuo iaaethaeaieyo, aaea ianeieueei
iaaethaeaoaeae ?aaeno?e?otho ii aaeeiie eino?oeoeee iaeie e oa aea
niauoey, i?ienoiaeyuea ia iauaeoa, aiaeiae/iii oiio, eioi?ue aoaeao
eco/aoueny.
a) Anee iniiaiia iaaethaeaiea inouanoaeyaony ianeieueeeie eeoeaie, iie
niiinoaaeytho naie aia/aoeaiey e niaeaniauaatho ioeaiee, eioa?i?aoaoeeth
niauoee, eniieuecoy aaeeioth oaoieeo aaaeaiey caienae, oai naiui
iiauoaaony onoie/eainoue aeaiiuo iaaethaeaiey.
a) Iaeei e oio aea iauaeo neaaeoao iaaethaeaoue a ?aciuo neooaoeeyo
(ii?iaeueiuo, e no?anniauo, noaiaea?oiuo e iaiau/iuo), /oi iicaieyao
oaeaeaoue aai n ?aciuo noi?ii.
a) Iaiaoiaeeii /aoei ?acee/aoue e ?aaeno?e?iaaoue niaea?aeaiea, oi?iu
i?iyaeaiey iaaethaeaaiuo niauoee e eo eiee/anoaaiiua oa?aeoa?enoeee
(eioaineaiinoue, ?aaoey?iinoue, ia?eiaee/iinoue, /anoioo).
ae) Aaaeii neaaeeoue ca oai, /oiau iienaiea niauoee ia niaoeaaeinue n eo
eioa?i?aoaoeeae. Iiyoiio a i?ioieiea neaaeoao eiaoue niaoeeaeueiua a?aou
aeey caiene oaeooaeueiuo aeaiiuo e aeey eo enoieeiaaiey.
a) I?e aeeth/aiiii eee iaaeeth/aiiii iaaethaeaiee, auiieiyaiii iaeiei
enneaaeiaaoaeai, iniaaiii aaaeii neaaeeoue ca iainiiaaiiinoue
eioa?i?aoaoeee aeaiiuo, no?aiynue e oiio, /oiau ia?ai?iaa?eoue naie
aia/aoeaiey n iiiiuueth ?acee/iuo aiciiaeiuo eioa?i?aoaoeee. Iai?eia?,
ao?iay ?aaeoeey nia?aiey ia aunooieaiea iiaeao auoue neaaenoaeai
iaeia?aiey, iaaeiaieuenoaa ii iiaiaeo auneacaiiiai i?aoi?ii, ?aaeoeeae
ia aai oooeo eee ?aieeeo ec caea, ia aeiiouaiioth ei ioeaeo eee
iaiai?eo, ia iinoi?iiiaa aeaenoaea ai a?aiy aunooieaiey… Ai anao yoeo
neo/ayo aeaeathony iniaua caiaoee, iiyniythuea i?ioieieueioth caienue.
ae) Iieacii i?eaaaiooue e iacaaeneiiio e?eoa?eth aeey i?iaa?ee
iainiiaaiiinoe iaaethaeaiey. Aeaiiua iaaethaeaiee “ni noi?iiu” iiaeii
i?ieiio?iee?iaaoue n iiiiuueth eioa?aueth n o/anoieeaie niauoee;
iaoa?eaeu aeeth/aiiiai iaaethaeaiey aeaeaoaeueii i?iaa?eoue
iaaeeth/aiiuie ii oie aea i?ia?aiia eee ii eiathueiny aeieoiaioai.
Ianoi iaaethaeaiey n?aaee ae?oaeo iaoiaeia nai?a aeaiiuo.
Iniiaiui iaaeinoaoeii yoiai iaoiaea yaeyaony iaiauaeoeaiinoue
iaaethaeaoaey. *aeiaae i/aiue ?aaeei ioeaieaaao neooaoeeth aaniethoii
aani?eno?anoii (aio naienoaaiii aeaeaoue auaiaeu). Ee/iinoiua
iniaaiiinoe iaaethaeaoaey ii?aaeaeaiii neacuaathony ia aai aia/aoeaieyo.
Iaaethaeaieth ia iiaeeaaeao niauoey i?ioeiai, iiiaea yaeaiey e i?ioeannu
ianniaiai oa?aeoa?a, au/eaiaiea iaaieueoie /anoe eioi?uo aeaeaao eo
eco/aiea iai?aaenoaaeoaeueiui.
Iaaethaeaiea eniieuecoaony a iniiaiii eae aeiiieieoaeueiue iaoiae,
eioi?ue iicaieyao nia?aoue iaoa?eaeu aeey ia/aea ?aaiou eee iiiiaaao
i?iaa?eoue ?acoeueoaou ae?oaeo iaoiaeia nai?a eioi?iaoeee.
AeIEOIAIOAEUeIUA ENOI*IEEE
Aeieoiaioaeueiie a nioeeieiaee iacuaatho ethaoth eioi?iaoeeth,
oeene?iaaiioth a ia/aoiii eee ?oeiieniii oaenoa, ia iaaieoiie eaioa, ia
oioi- eee eeiiieaiea. A yoii niunea iiiyoea aeieoiaioaoeee ioee/aaony io
iauaoiio?aaeoaeueiiai: iau/ii iu iacuaaai aeieoiaioaie ioeoeeaeueiua
iaoa?eaeu.
Ii niiniao oeene?iaaiey eioi?iaoeee ?acee/athony: ?oeiieniua e ia/aoiua
aeieoiaiou; caiene ia iaaieoiie eaioa. N oi/ee c?aiey oeaeaaiai
iacia/aiey auaeaeythony iaoa?eaeu, eioi?ua auee eca?aiu naiei
enneaaeiaaoaeai.
I?eia?: Aia?eeaineee nioeeieia O.Oiian e iieueneee O.Ciaiaoeeee
enneaaeiaaee ii aeieoiaioai aeeciue iieueneeo yiea?aioia a Aa?iia e
Aia?eea. Iie iii?ineee iaeiiai iieueneiai e?anoueyieia iaienaoue
aaoiaeia?aoeth e iieo/eee io iaai 300 no?aieoe ?oeiieniiai oaenoa.
Yoe aeieoiaiou iacuaatho oeaeaauie. Ae?oaea – ia caaeneiua io nioeeieiaa
aeieoiaiou iacuaatho iaee/iuie. Iau/ii iie e ninoaaeytho
aeieoiaioaeueioth eioi?iaoeeth a nioeeieiae/aneeo enneaaeiaaieyo.
Ii noaiaie ia?niieoeeaoeee aeieoiaiou iiae?acaeaeythony ia ee/iua e
aacee/iua.
Ee/iua – aeieoiaiou eiaeeaeaeoaeueiiai o/aoa (aeaeeioa/iua oi?ioey?u,
aieaou e aeaiee, caaa?aiiua iiaeienueth), oa?aeoa?enoeee, auaeaiiua
aeaiiiio eeoeo, ienueia, aeiaaieee, cayaeaiey, iaioa?iua caiene.
Aacee/iua – noaoenoe/aneea eee niauoeeiua a?oeau, aeaiiua i?annu,
i?ioieieu nia?aiee.
A caaeneiinoe io noaoona aeieoiaiou aeaeyony ia ioeoeeaeueiua e
iaioeoeeaeueiua.
Ioeoeeaeueiua – i?ioieieu, i?aaeoaeuenoaaiiua iaoa?eaeu, iinoaiiaeaiey,
cayaeaiey, eiiithieea, noaiia?aiiu ioeoeeaeueiuo canaaeaiee, aeaiiua
ainoaea?noaaiiie e aaaeiinoaaiiie noaoenoeee, a?oeau e o.ae.,
io/aoiinoue.
Iaioeoeeaeueiua – ee/iua aeieoiaiou, a oaeaea ninoaaeaiiua /anoiuie
a?aaeaeaiaie aacee/iua aeieoiaiou (iai?eia?, noaoenoe/aneea iaiauaiey,
auiieiaiiua ae?oaei enneaaeiaaoaeai ia iniiaa nianoaaiiuo iaaethaeaiee).
Iniaay a?oiia aeieoiaioia – n?aaenoaa ianniaie eioi?iaoeee, aacaou,
aeo?iaeu, ?aaeei, oaeaaeaeaiea, eeii.
Ii enoi/ieeo eioi?iaoeee aeieoiaiou aeaeyony ia ia?ae/iua e aoi?e/iua. E
ia?ae/iui ioiineony i?yiia iaaethaeaiea. Ei aoi?e/iui – ia?aaioea
aeaiiuo i?yiiai iaaethaeaiey, iaiauaiea eee iienaiea ia iniiaa ia?ae/iuo
enoi/ieeia.
Aua iiaeii eeanneoeoee?iaaoue aeieoiaiou ii niaea?aeaieth: iai?eia?,
eeoa?aoo?iua aeaiiua, enoi?e/aneea e iao/iua a?oeau, a?oeau
nioeeieiae/aneeo enneaaeiaaiee.
I?iaeaia aeinoiaa?iinoe aeieoiaioaeueiie eioi?iaoeee.
Ia neaaeoao iooaoue oaeea iiiyoey eae iaaeaaeiinoue, iiaeeeiiinoue
naiiai aeieoiaioa n aeinoiaa?iinoueth niiauathueony a iai naaaeaiee.
Aeinoiaa?iinoue a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue caaeneo io enoi/ieea aeinooiiiai
aeieoiaioa. Eiia/ii, ioeoeeaeueiua, ee/iua, aeieoiaiou ec ia?auo ?oe
iaiiiai iaaeaaeiae, /ai eaeea-eeai ae?oaea.
I?aaeea ?aaiou n aeieoiaioaie.
1. “Cieioia i?aaeei” – /aoei ?acee/aoue iienaiea niauoee e eo ioeaieo.
(Yoi i?aaeei i?eiaieii e ethaie eioi?iaoeee). Oaeou aaconeiaii eo/oa,
/ai iiaiea e ioeaiea.
2. Aiaeece?iaaoue iaia?aiey ninoaaeoaey aeieoiaioa. Iai?eia? io/ao
nio?oaeieea i?aaei?eyoey iiaeao auoue ninoaaeai a aieaa aeaaii?eyoiii
naaoa, /ai ianoiyo aeaea ia naiii aeaea. A anee acyoue e?eoeeo aacaou,
oi iiaeii aiai?eoue i i?eaee?/eaii eceiaeaiee oaeoia.
3. Aaaeii ciaoue iaoiae iieo/aiey aeaiiuo aeey ninoaaeaiey aeieoiaioa
(ec ia?auo ?oe, oaeou, ae?oaea enoi/ieee).
4. Anee aeieoiaio niaea?aeeo noaoenoe/aneea aeaiiua, oi neaaeoao
auynieoue, ia /ai iniiaaia eeanneoeeaoeey.
5. Aaaeii oynieoue iauoth ianoaiiaeo i?e eioi?ie ninoaaeyeny aeieoiaio.
Iia aeeyao ia iauaeoeaiinoue ninoaaeoaey iacaaeneii io aai iaia?aiee.
Iniaoth inoi?iaeiinoue ioaeii niaethaeaoue i?e ?aaioa n ee/iuie
aeieoiaioaie, oaeeie eae: aaoiaeia?aoee, aeiaaieee, iaioa?u, ienueia e
o.ae.
Aio ianeieueei oneiaee aeiaa?ey e eioi?iaoeee ec ee/iuo aeieoiaioia.
(a) Iiaeii aa?eoue niiauaieyi, anee iie ieeae ia cao?aaeaatho eioa?anu
aaoi?a; eee (a) iaiinyo ii?aaeaeaiiue oua?a aaoi?o; (a) aeaeeii,
aeinoiaa?iu oa naaaeaiey, eioi?ua a iiiaio ?aaeno?aoeee aaoi?ii auee
iauaecaanoiu; aeinoiaa?iu aeaoaee niauoee, ianouanoaaiiua n oi/ee c?aiey
aaoi?a aeieoiaioa, a oaeaea (ae) naaaeaiey e eioi?ui aaoi? ioiineony
iaaeia?iaeaeaoaeueii.
I?iaa?ea iiaeeeiiinoe aeieoiaioia, aiaeec iioeaia, iiaoaeaeaiee, oneiaee
ninoaaeaiey, oeaeaaie onoaiiaee aaoi?a, neooaoeee a eioi?ie ii
aeaenoaiaae, oa?aeoa?a aai ie?oaeaiey – aio oa oaeoi?u, io eioi?uo
caaeneo aeinoiaa?iinoue eioi?iaoeee ec ee/iuo aeieoiaioia.
O?aaeeoeeiiiue (eeanne/aneee) aiaeec aeieoiaioia a ioee/ea io i?inoiai
iciaeiieaiey n ieie eee i?i/oaiey aeey i?eia?aoaiey iiaiai ciaiey – yoi
eiaiii iaoiae enneaaeiaaiey, eioi?ia, eae anyeia iao/iia enneaaeiaaiea,
i?aaeiieaaaao auaeaeaeaiea ii?aaeaeaiiuo aeiioac, ouaoaeueiia eco/aiea
nouanoaa aiaeece?oaiiai iaoa?eaea, eiaeee oaenoa, iainiiaaiiinoe e
aeinoiaa?iinoe i?eaiaeeiuo naaaeaiee. Yoi eioaeeaeooaeueiue aiaeec i?e
eioi?ii en/a?iuaaaony ana niaea?aeeiia aeieoiaioa.
Ia?iiioth ?ieue ea?aao iiuo enneaaeiaaoaey, aeoaeia aai ciaiee ii
i?aaeiaoo e eiooeoeey.
I?eaiu ea/anoaaiii-eiee/anoaaiiiai aiaeeca aeieoiaioia.
I?e ea/anoaaiii-eiee/anoaaiiii aiaeeca aeieoiaioia iaiaoiaeeii ia?aaanoe
eioi?iaoeeth oeaeaauo aeieoiaioia ia ycue enneaaeiaaiey.
Ea/anoaaiiue aiaeec – iaiaoiaeeiia oneiaea aeey anao eiee/anoaaiiuo
iia?aoeee. Ii ia anaaaea oeaeaniia?acia eaaioeoeeaoeey aeieoiaioia.
Ia neaaeoao i?eaaaaoue e eiee/anoaaiiiio aiaeeco anee aeieoiaiou
oieeaeueiu, anee iienaiu i/aiue neiaeiua yaeaiey, anee aeaiiuo
iaaeinoaoi/ii eee iie iaiieiua (ia?ai?acaioaoeaiu).
Eiee/anoaaiiue aiaeec oianoai anee:
a) o?aaoaony aunieay noaiaiue oi/iinoe i?e niiinoaaeaiee
iaeiiii?yaeeiauo aeaiiuo
a) aeinoaoi/ii iiiai iaoa?eaea, /oiau ii?aaaeaoue oneeey ii aai
ia?aaioea e ii ?ai?acaioe?oao iaeanoe eco/aiey
a) iaoa?eaea ianoieueei iiiai, /oi iaeuecy iaieoenue aac noiia?iuo
ioeaiie
a) eco/aaiua ia/aeueiua oa?aeoa?enoeee iiyaeythony n aeinoaoi/iie
/anoioie
Iaeaieaa oeaeaniia?acii eniieueciaaoue eiee/anoaaiiue aiaeec, anee
eaaioeoeoee?oaiua oaenou niiinoaaeythony n eiuie, oaeaea eiee/anoaaiiuie
oa?aeoa?enoeeaie. Iai?eia? niiinoaaeaiea iiaiee iiaeien/eeia i aacaoa n
aa oe?aaeii.
Eaaioeoeeaoeey oaenoiaiai iaoa?eaea iieo/eea a ie?a aieueoia
?ani?ino?aiaiea e a 40-o aiaeao aeey iaa auea ?ac?aaioaia niaoeeaeueiay
i?ioeaaeo?a, iacaaiiay “eiioaio-aiaeecii”.
Eiioaio-aiaeec – ia?aaiae a eiee/anoaaiiua iieacaoaee ianniaie oaenoiaie
eee caienaiiie ia ieaieo eioi?iaoeee n iineaaeothuae noaoenoe/aneie aa
ia?aaioeie. Aai iniiaiua iia?aoeee auee ?ac?aaioaiu aia?eeaineeie
nioeeieiaaie O.Eanoyeeii e A.Aa?aeueniiii.
Iniiaiua i?ioeaaeo?u eiioaio-aiaeeca.
Eiioaio-aiaeec ia/eiaaony n auyaeaiey niuneiauo aaeeieoe, a ea/anoaa
eioi?uo eniieuecotho:
a) Iiiyoey, au?aaeaiiua a neiaao e ioaeaeueiuo oa?ieiao. Yoi iiiyoey ec
iaeanoe yeiiiieee: eioaineoeeaoeey, oaoie/aneee i?ia?ann, iaoiaeu
oicyenoaiaaiey, iioeiecaoeey oi?aaeaiey e ae?.; ec iieeoeee:
eioa?iaoeeiiaeeci, aeaiie?aoey, ?ac?yaeea, ie?iia ninouanoaiaaiea,
ia?ano?ieea; i?aanoaaiiua eee i?aaiaua neiaieu: ii/ei, aeoeaiinoue,
eieoeeaoeaiinoue, ia?ooaiea caeiiiinoe e o.ae.; iao/iua: iiaeaeue,
nenoaia, einie/aneia i?ino?ainoai e o.i.
Aiaeec oaenoa ii niaea?aeaieth iiiyoee ianao iaiaei nioeeieiae/aneie
eioi?iaoeee. Iai?eia?, ii /anoioa oiio?aaeaiey iiiyoee, naycaiiuo n
iaoeie e iiaie oaoieeie, iiaeii ii?aaeaeeoue, a eaeie ia?a enoi/iee
i?eaioe?iaai ia i?aaeiao onei?aiey iao/ii-oaoie/aneiai i?ia?anna.
a) Oaia, au?aaeaiiay a oeaeuo niuneiauo aacaoeao, /anoyo oaenoia,
noaoueyo, ?aaeeiia?aaea/ao e o.ae.
Ii oaiaoeea iiaeii aieaa iieii i?aaenoaaeoue niaea?aeaiea aeieoiaioa,
eioi?ia naeaeaoaeuenoaoao i ii?aaeaeaiiie iai?aaeaiiinoe acaeyaeia,
eioa?ania, oeaiiinoiuo i?eaioaoeee e ii?i aeayoaeueiinoe.
a) Eiaia enoi?e/aneeo ee/iinoae, iieeoeeia, auaeathueony o/aiuo e
aeayoaeae eneonnoaa, ia?aaeiaeeia i?iecaiaenoaa.
Yoi aiai?eo i aeeyiee /ueeo-oi eaeae ia iauanoaaiiia iiaiea e i
i?anoeaeiinoe oie eee eiie eiioeaioeee. Nthaea aea iiaeii ioianoe
oiiieiaiea i?aaiecaoeee, o/?aaeaeaiee, iauanoaaiiuo einoeoooia.
a) oeaeinoiia iauanoaaiiia niauoea, aeieoiaio, oaeo, i?iecaaaeaiea,
neo/ae e o.i. ianoo ii?aaeaeaiiue niune e oiaea iiaoo auoue i?eiyou ca
aaeeieoeo aiaeeca. *anoioa e aeeeoaeueiinoue (ai a?aiaie) oiiieiaiey
iauanoaaiiiai niauoey eee ainoaea?noaaiiiai ?aoaiey (iai?eia?, ai?ueaa
ca o?acaue ia?ac aeecie) – naeaeaoaeuenoai aai aaaeiinoe aeey iauanoaa.
Eoae, niuneiaua aaeeieoeu aiaeeca auaeaeythony ia iniiaa niaea?aeaiey
aeiioac enneaaeiaaiey, iiaeneacuaathony iaoiaeieiae/aneeie iinueeaie
i?ia?aiiu.
Iaaeaaeiinoue eioi?iaoeee, iieo/aiiie eiioaio-aiaeecii, iaania/eaaaony
neaaeothueie niiniaaie:
a) Iainiiaaiea iieiiou iauaia auaeaeyaiuo niuneiauo aaeeieoe,
i?aaeeiaeaiiia A.I.Eath?iaie, iiaeao auoue aeieacaii neaaeothuei
ia?acii.
Iieeaii iaiieiaiey oaenoa niuneiauie aaeeieoeaie eiioaio-aiaeeca eae
niinia iainiiaaiey iieiiou iauaia auaeaeaiey niuneiauo aaeeieoe:
Ia?aiia/aeueii auaeaeythony ana niuneiaua aaeeieoeu ee ia?aiai
aiaeece?oaiiai oaenoa, aeaeaa ec aoi?iai – oa aea iethn
aeiiieieoaeueiua, ?aiaa ia ano?a/aaoeany, ec o?aoueaai aeieoiaioa –
iiyoue oa aea, /oi oaea ano?a/aeenue a aeaoo i?aaeuaeoueo iethn
aeiiieieoaeueiua e o.ae. Iinea eco/aiey i/a?aaeiuo 3-5 oaenoia, a
eioi?uo ia iiiaaeaaony ie iaeiie iiaie niuneiaie aaeeieoeu, ?aiaa
oeene?iaaiiie a i?aaeuaeoueo aeieoiaioao, iiaeii iieaaaoue, /oi “iiea”
niuneiauo aaeeieoe ec eco/aaiiai ianneaa en/a?iaii.
Ec ?enoiea aeaeii, /oi a eoiaa eco/aiey 20 neo/aeii ioia?aiiuo ec anaai
ianneaa oaenoia auei auaeaeaii noiia?ii 120 aaeeieoe eiioaio-aiaeeca,
/oi en/a?iuaaao “iiea”, o.a. anth auai?i/ioth niaieoiiinoue aeieoiaioia.
Eiia/ii i?e eco/aiee anaai ianneaa iiaoo iiianoueny iiaua niuneiaua
aaeeieoeu, ioiinyueany e i?aaeiaoo e ?aiaa ia i?aaeoniio?aiiua. A yoii
neo/aa iie aeeth/athony a aiaeec aeiiieieoaeueii.
a) Eiio?ieue ia iainiiaaiiinoue niaea?aeaiey niuneiauo aaeeieoe n
iiiiuueth noaeae. Niaoeeaeenou a aeaiiie iaeanoe ianoaeaeatho,
ianeieueei i?aaeeiaeaiiua ea/anoaaiiua aaeeieoeu niioaaonoaotho
iinoaaeaiiui caaea/ai.
A iaoai enneaaeiaaiee 6 yenia?oia iacaaeneii ae?oa io ae?oaa
eeanneoeoee?iaaee 120 iiiyoee, ioianaiiui e aeaeiaui e ee/iinoiui
ea/anoaai eiaeaia?a, a 6 iaueo eaoaai?ee (oai?/aneea ea/anoaa,
eniieieoaeueneea e o.ae.), i?e/ai 86% iiiyoee auee eeanneoeoee?iaaiu
iaeiicia/ii ieieioi /aou?ueiy noaeueyie. Inoaeueiua, aieaa nii?iua,
iiaeaa?aaeenue niaoeeaeueiiio ianoaeaeaieth e iinea niaeaniaaiiiai
?aoaiey ioiineeenue a niioaaonoaothuoth iauoth eaoaai?eth.
a) Iainiiaaiiinoue ii iacaaeneiiio e?eoa?eth. iai?eia?, aeaiiua
eiioaio-aiaeeca aeiaaieeia eee ni/eiaiee o/aueony n oeaeueth auyaeoue eo
i?ioanneiiaeueioth neeiiiinoue auai?i/ii i?iaa?ythony iooai ii?inia, eee
ii aeaiiui iaaethaeaiee, oanoii ii ecaanoiie a?oiia.
a) Onoie/eainoue aeaiiuo ii?aaeaeyaony i?e iiiiue eiaee?iaaiey iaeiiai
oaenoa ?aciuie eiaee?iaueeaie ia iniiaa aaeeiie eino?oeoeee. Iiaeii
eniieueciaaoue noaaeeueioth aaeeieoeo aiaeeca e ?aciua aaeeieoeu n/aoa
(ii /anoioai niuneiauo aaeeieoe e ii oece/aneie i?ioyaeaiiinoe
iaeiia?aiaiii).
I?ioeaaeo?a iiaen/aoa. A iauai aeaea i?ioeaaeo?u iiaen/aoa i?e
eiioaio-aiaeeca aiaeiae/iu noaiaea?oiui i?eaiai eeanneoeeaoeee ii
auaeaeaiiui a?oiie?iaeai.
E?aeia o?oaeiaieea i?ioeaaeo?u ia?aaioee aeaiiuo eiioaio-aiaeeca
nouanoaaiii iaeaa/athony i?e eniieueciaaiee YAI, /oi oaeaea iaiaei
niinianoaoao oe?ieiio ?ani?ino?aiaieth yoie oaoieee eco/aiey
aeieoiaioaeueiuo enoi/ieeia.
Ioeaiea iaoiaea aeieoiaioaeueiiai aiaeeca.
Aeieoiaiou ia?aaeei aunooiatho a ?iee aeaaiiai enoi/ieea eioi?iaoeee
aeiiieiaiiie ii?inii eee i?yiui iaaethaeaieai.
Nioeeieia aeieaeai i?iyaeoue iaaethaeeiioth ecia?aoaoaeueiinoue a
iieneao iiaeoiaeyueo aeieoiaioia, iiae/an aanueia iaiaeeaeaiiuo.
I?eia?: Niaaoneee aeaiia?ao A.E.Ia?aaaaeaioeaa ino?ioiii i?iaa?ee
aeiioaco i aeeyiee yoie/aneeo oaeoi?ia ia iea?aoeeth ianaeaiey. Ii
niiinoaaee aeaiiua ia eioaineaiinoe iea?aoeee ei?aiiiai ianaeaiey
nithciuo ?anioaeee n aeaiiuie Ananithciie ia?aiene 1959 a. i aeiea eeoe
ei?aiiie iaoeeiiaeueiinoe (ii ?anioaeeeai), ia n/eoathueo ycue naiae
iaoeeiiaeueiinoe naiei ?iaeiui ycueii. Ieacaeinue, /oi yoe i?iii?oeee
niaiaaeatho ii/oe eaeaaeueii. Oae eioaineaiinoue iea?aoeee oe?aeioeaa (a
i?iii?oeee e ?onneei) 11%, a aeiey oe?aeioeaa, ia aiai?yueo ia ?iaeiii
ycuea – 12,3%, aeey aaei?onia – niioaaonoaaiii 15% i?ioea 15,8%, aeey
ia?iaeia Caeaaeacuey – 5% i?ioea 4,6%, ia?iaeia N?aaeiae Acee – ieiei 1%
i?ioea 1,5%, aeey eacaoia – 4% i?ioea 1,6%, aeey ia?iaeia I?eaaeoeee –
4% i?ioea 3,5%. I/aaeaeii, /oi yoie/aneee oaeoi? nouanoaaiii aeeyao ia
iea?aoeeth.
Aeaaiua iaaeinoaoee iienaiiiai iaoiaea ninoiyo a ioia/aiiuo auoa
i?iaeaiao iieo/aiey aeinoiaa?iie eioi?iaoeee ec aeia?aoe/aneeo
iaoa?eaeia e a oii, /oi i?e eco/aiee /aeiaa/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe a
aeieoiaioao ii/oe ia io?aaeaaony aa i?ioeann, a eeoue ?acoeueoaou.
Aiaeec aeieoiaioia – aaaeiue iaoiae nai?a eioi?iaoeee i?e oi?ioeyoeaiii
ieaia enneaaeiaaiey (aeey auaeaeaeaiey aeiioac e iauae ?acaaaeee oaiu) e
ia noaaeee ?aaiou ii iienaoaeueiiio ieaio. A yenia?eiaioaeueiuo
enneaaeiaaieyo aicieeatho cia/eoaeueiua o?oaeiinoe ia?aaiaea ycuea
aeieoiaioia ia ycue aeiioac, ii, eae iieacuaaao iiuo, e yoe cao?oaeiaiey
iiaeii i?aiaeieaoue i?e oiaeii ia?auaiee n iaoa?eaeii.
Iaeiiaoe, ia?iiiia e aiieia naiinoiyoaeueiia cia/aiea eiatho aeey
nioeeieiaa aeaiiua ainoaea?noaaiiie noaoenoeee, iiiai/eneaiiua aeaiiua
OeNO, eioi?uie iaaei oiaoue iieueciaaoueny, a oaeaea ciaoue, n eaeie
?aaoey?iinoueth iie niae?athony e ioaeeeothony.
II?INU
Ii?inu – iacaiaieiue i?eai iieo/aiey eioi?iaoeee i noauaeoeaiii ie?a
ethaeae, eo neeiiiinoyo, iioeaao aeayoaeueiinoe, iiaieyo.
Ii?in – ii/oe oieaa?naeueiue iaoiae. i?e niaethaeaiee iaaeeaaeaueo
i?aaeinoi?iaeiinoae iicaieyao iieo/eoue ia iaiaa iaaeaaeioth
eioi?iaoeeth, /ai i?e enneaaeiaaiee aeieoiaioia eee iaaethaeaiee. I?e/ai
yoa eioi?iaoeey iiaeao auoue i /ai oaiaeii. Aeaaea i oii /oi iaeuecy
oaeaeaoue eee i?i/eoaoue.
Aia?aua ioeoeeaeueiua ii?inu iiyaeeenue a Aiaeee a eiioea XVIII aaea, a
a ia/aea XIX aaea a NOA. Ai O?aioeee e Aa?iaiee ia?aua ii?inu auee
i?iaaaeaiu a 1848 aiaeo, Aaeueaee – 1868-1869 aa. E aeaeaa ia/aee
aeoeaii ?ani?ino?aiyony.
Eneonnoai eniieueciaaiey yoiai iaoiaea ninoieo a oii, /oiau ciaoue, i
/ai ni?aoeaaoue, eae ni?aoeaaoue, eaeea caaeaaaoue aii?inu e, iaeiiaoe,
eae oaaaeeoueny a oii, /oi iiaeii aa?eoue, iieo/aiiui ioaaoai.
Aeey enneaaeiaaoaey iaaei a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue oynieoue, /oi a ii?ina
o/anoaoao ia “n?aaeiee ?aniiiaeaio”, a aeeaie, ?aaeueiue /aeiaae
iaea?aiiue niciaieai e naiiniciaieai, eioi?ue aicaeaenoaoao ia
nioeeieiaa oae aea eae e nioeeieia ia iaai.
?aniiiaeaiou ia aani?eno?anoiua ?aaeno?aoi?u naieo ciaiee e iiaiee, a
aeeaua ethaee, eioi?ui ia /oaeaeu eaeea-oi neiiaoee, i?aaeii/oaiey,
iianaiey e o.i. Iiyoiio, aini?eieiay aii?inu, iie ia iaeie ec ieo ia
iiaoo ioaaoeoue ec-ca iaaeinoaoea ciaiee, ia ae?oaea – ia oioyo
ioaa/aoue eee ioaa/atho iaene?aiia.
?aciiaeaeiinoe ii?inia.
Nouanoaotho aeaa aieueoeo eeanna ii?iniuo iaoiaeia: eioa?aueth e
aieaoiua ii?inu.
Eioa?aueth – i?iaiaeeiay ii ii?aaeaeaiiiio ieaio aanaaea,
i?aaeiieaaathuay i?yiie eiioaeo eioa?auetha?a n ?aniiiaeaioii
(ii?aoeaaaiii), i?e/ai caienue ioaaoia iineaaeiaai aaaeaony eeai
eioa?auetha?ii (aai annenoaioii), eeai iaoaie/anee (ia ieaieo).
Eiaaony iiiaeanoai ?aciiaeaeiinoae eioa?aueth.
1) Ii niaea?aeaieth aanaaeu ?acee/atho aeieoiaioaeueiua eioa?aueth
(eco/aiea niauoee i?ioeiai, ooi/iaiea oaeoia) e eioa?aueth iiaiee,
oeaeue eioi?iai – auyaeaiea ioeaiie, acaeyaeia, noaeaeaiee; iniai
auaeaeythony eioa?aueth ni niaoeeaeenoaie-yenia?oaie, i?e/ai
i?aaiecaoeey e no?oeoo?a eioa?aueth ni niaoeeaeenoaie nouanoaaiii
ioee/aaony io iau/iie nenoaiu ii?ina.
2) Ii oaoieea i?iaaaeaiey – aeaeyony ia naiaiaeiua, ianoaiaea?oeciaaiiua
e oi?iaeeciaaiiua ( a oaeaea iieonoaiaea?oeciaaiiua) eioa?aueth.
Naiaiaeiua – aeeeoaeueiay aanaaea (ianeieueei /ania) aac no?iaie
aeaoaeecaoeee aii?inia, ii ii iauae i?ia?aiia (“iooaaiaeeoaeue
eioa?aueth”). Oaeea eioa?aueth oianoiu ia noaaeee ?acaaaeee a
oi?ioeyoeaiii ieaia enneaaeiaaiey.
Noaiaea?oeciaaiiua eioa?aueth i?aaeiieaaatho, eae e oi?iaeeciaaiiia
iaaethaeaiea, aeaoaeueioth ?ac?aaioeo anae i?ioeaaeo?u, aeeth/ay iauee
ieai aanaaeu, iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue e eiino?oeoeeth aii?inia, aa?eaiou
aiciiaeiuo ioaaoia.
3) A caaeneiinoe io iniaaiiinoae i?ioeaaeo?u eioa?aueth iiaeao auoue
eioaineaiui (“eeeie/aneei” o.a. aeoaieei, aeeyueiny eiiaaea /anaie) e
oieone?iaaiiui ia auyaeaiea aeinoaoi/ii oceiai e?oaa ?aaeoeee
ii?aoeaaaiiai. Oeaeue eeeie/aneiai eioa?aueth – iieo/eoue eioi?iaoeeth i
aioo?aiieo iioeaao, iiaoaeaeaieyo, neeiiiinoyo ii?aoeaaaiiai, a
oieone?iaaiiiai – ecaea/ue eioi?iaoeeth i ?aaeoeeyo noauaeoa ia
caaeaiiia aicaeaenoaea. N aai iiiiuueth eco/atho, iai?eia?, a eaeie ia?a
/aeiaae ?aaae?oao ia ioaeaeueiua eiiiiiaiou eioi?iaoeee (ec ianniaie
ia/aoe, eaeoeee e o.i.). I?e/ai oaeno eioi?iaoeee i?aaeaa?eoaeueii
ia?aaaouaatho eiioaio-aiaeecii. A oieone?iaaiiii eioa?aueth no?aiyony
ii?aaeaeeoue, eaeea eiaiii niuneiaua aaeeieoeu aiaeeca oaenoa
ieacuaathony a oeaio?a aieiaiey ii?ioaiiuo, eaeea – ia ia?eoa?ee, e /oi
aiana ia inoaeinue a iaiyoe.
4) Oae iacuaaaiua iaiai?aaeaiiua eioa?aueth iinyo “oa?aiaaoe/aneee”
oa?aeoa?. Eieoeeaoeaa oa/aiey aanaaeu i?eiaaeeaaeeo caeanue naiiio
?aniiiaeaioo, eioa?auetha? eeoue iiiiaaao aio “eceeoue aeooo”.
5) Iaeiiaoe, ii niiniao i?aaiecaoeee eioa?aueth aeaeyony ia a?oiiiaua e
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiua. Ia?aua i?eiaiythony ioiineoaeueii ?aaeei, yoi
ieaie?oaiay aanaaea, a i?ioeanna eioi?ie enneaaeiaaoaeue no?aieoueny
aucaaoue aeeneonneth a a?oiia. iaoiaeeea i?iaaaeaiey /eoaoaeueneeo
eiioa?aioeee iaiiieiaao aeaiioth i?ioeaaeo?o. Oaeaoiiiua eioa?aueth
eniieuecothony aeey auno?iai ciiaeaaea iiaiee.
Ii?in ii aieaoa.
Yoio iaoiae i?aaeiieaaaao aeanoei oeene?iaaiiue ii?yaeie, niaea?aeaiea e
oi?io aii?inia, yniia oeacaiea niiniaia ioaaoa, i?e/ai iie
?aaeno?e?othony ii?aoeaaaiui eeai iaaaeeia n niaie (cai/iue ii?in), eeai
a i?enoonoaee aieaoa?a (i?yiie ii?in).
Aieaoiua ii?inu eeanneoeoee?otho i?aaeaea anaai ii niaea?aeaieth e
eiino?oeoeee caaeaaaaiuo aii?inia. ?acee/atho ioe?uoua ii?inu, eiaaea
?aniiiaeaiou auneacuaathony a naiaiaeiie oi?ia. A cae?uoii ii?iniii
eenoa ana aa?eaiou ioaaoia ca?aiaa i?aaeoniio?aiu. Iieocae?uoua aieaou
eiiaeie?otho iaa i?ioeaaeo?u. Ciiaeaaeiue eee yeni?ann – ii?in
i?eiaiyaony a ianeaaeiaaieyo iauanoaaiiiai iiaiey e niaea?aeeo anaai 3-4
ioieoa iniiaiie eioi?iaoeee iethn ianeieueei ioieoia, naycaiiuo n
aeaiia?aoe/aneeie e nioeeaeueiuie oa?aeoa?enoeeaie ii?aoeaaaiuo. Oaeea
aieaou iaiiieiatho eenou anaia?iaeiuo ?aoa?aiaeoiia. Ii?in ii ii/oa
ioee/atho io aieaoe?iaaiey ia ianoa: a ia?aii neo/aa iaeeaeaaony
aica?auaiea ii?iniiai eenoa ii ca?aiaa iiea/aiiiio ii/oiaiio
ioi?aaeaieth, ai aoi?ii – aieaoa? nai niae?aao caiieiaiiua eenou.
A?oiiiaia aieaoe?iaaiea ioee/aaony io eiaeeaeaeoaeueiiai. A ia?aii
neo/aa aieaoe?otho n?aco aei 30-40 /aeiaae: aieaoa? niae?aao
ii?aoeaaaiuo, eino?oeoe?oao eo e inoaaeyao aeey caiieiaiey aieao, ai
aoi?ii – ii ia?auaaony eiaeeaeaeoaeueii e eaaeaeiio ?aniiiaeaioo.
I?aaiecaoeey “?acaeaoi/iiai” aieaoe?iaaiey, aeeth/ay ii?inu ii ianoo
aeeoaeuenoaa, anoanoaaiii, aieaa o?oaeiaiea, /ai, iai?eia?, ii?inu /a?ac
i?anno, oaeaea oe?iei eniieuecoaiua a iaoae e ca?oaaaeiie i?aeoeea.
Iaeiaei iineaaeiea iai?aaenoaaeoaeueiu a ioiioaiee iiiaeo a?oii
ianaeaiey, oae /oi nei?aa iiaoo auoue ioianaiu e i?eaiai eco/aiey
iauanoaaiiiai iiaiey /eoaoaeae aeaiiuo ecaeaiee.
Iaeiiaoe, i?e eeanneoeeaoeee aieao, eniieuecotho oaeaea iiiai/eneaiiua
e?eoa?ee, naycaiiua n oaiie ii?inia: niauoeeiua aieaou, aieaou ia
auyniaiea oeaiiinoiuo i?eaioaoeee, noaoenoe/aneea aieaou (a ia?aienyo
ianaeaiey), o?iiiiao?aaee nooi/iuo athaeaeaoia a?aiaie e o.ae.
I?e i?iaaaeaiee ii?inia ia iaaei caauaaoue, /oi n eo iiiiuueth
auyaeythony noauaeoeaiua iiaiey e ioeaiee, eioi?ua iiaeaa?aeaiu
eieaaaieyi, aicaeaenoaeyi oneiaee ii?ina e ae?oaeo ianoiyoaeuenoa. *oiau
ieieiece?iaaoue eneaaeaiea aeaiiuo, naycaiiia n yoeie oaeoi?aie, ethaoth
?aciiaeaeiinoue ii?iniuo iaoiaeia neaaeoao i?iaiaeeoue a naeaoua n?iee.
Iaeuecy ?anoyaeaaoue ii?in ia aeieaia a?aiy, oae eae e eiioeo ii?ina
iiaoo eciaieoueny aiaoiea ianoiyoaeuenoaa, a eioi?iaoeey i aai
i?iaaaeaiee aoaeao ia?aaeaaaoueny ii?aoeaaaiuie ae?oa ae?oao n
eaeeie-eeai eiiiaioa?eyie, e yoe noaeaeaiey noaioo aeeyoue ia oa?aeoa?
ioaaoia oao, eoi iicaea iiiaaeao a ninoaa ?aniiiaeaioia.
Iacaaeneii io oiai, i?eaaaaai ee iu e eioa?aueth eee aieaoiiio ii?ino,
aieueoeinoai i?iaeai, naycaiiuo n iaaeaaeiinoueth eioi?iaoeee,
ieacuaathony aeey ieo iaueie.
Aeey oiai, /oiau aieaoiue ii?in aue aieaa yooaeoeaiui, iaaei
niaethaeaoue ?yae i?aaee, eioi?ua iiiiaatho i?aaeeueii caaeaaaoue oiae
aieaoe?iaaiey e oiaiueoeoue eiee/anoai ioeaie i?e enneaaeiaaiee.
Aii?inu ia?auaiiua e ?aniiiaeaioai, ia eciee?iaaiu – iie caaiuey iaeiie
oeaie, e eae caaiuey, eaaeaeue ec ieo naycai n i?aaeuaeouei e
iineaaeothuei (yoo acaeiinaycue E.N.Auaiaeneee iacaae “aeeyiea
niuneia”). Aieaoa – ia iaoaie/aneay iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue aii?inia,
eioi?ua iiaoo ?aciauaoueny a iae eae oaiaeii eee eae oaeiaii
enneaaeiaaoaeth, a iniaia oeaeia. Iia iaeaaeaao nianoaaiiuie naienoaaie,
ia naiaeeiuie e i?inoie noiia naienoa ioaeaeueiuo ninoaaeythueo aa
aii?inia.
A naiii ia/aea caaeathony i?inoua aii?inu, a ia ii eiaeea enneaaeiaaoaey
niaea?aeauaeny a i?ia?aiia, /oiau ia ia?ooeaaoue ia ioaa/athuaai
na?ueaciua aii?inu n?aco, a aeaoue aio inaieoueny n aieaoie e iinoaiaiii
ia?aoiaeeoue io i?inoiai e aieaa neiaeiiio (i?aaeei ai?iiee).
Yooaeo eceo/aiey – eiaaea ana aii?inu eiae/anee acaeiinaycaiiu e
eiae/anee noaeatho oaio, o ?aniiiaeaioa aicieeaao ii?aaeaeaiiay
onoaiiaea, niaeanii eioi?ie ii aoaeao ioaa/aoue ia ieo – oaeia aeeyiea
aii?ina iacuaatho yooaeoii eceo/aiey eee yooaeoii yoa e i?iyaeyaony iii
a oii, /oi i?aaeoanoaothuee aii?in eee aii?inu iai?aaeytho oiae iuneae
?aniiiaeaioia a ii?aaeaeaiiia ?onei, nicaeatho iaeioi?oth ieie-nenoaio
eii?aeeiao, a ?aieao eioi?ie oi?ie?oaony eee auae?aaony aiieia
ii?aaeaeaiiue ioaao.
Eiiaaea aicieeatho i?iaeaiu naycaiiua n iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue aii?inia.
?anoiaeaeaiey a ioaaoao ia iaeei e oio aea aii?in ia aeieaeiu auoue
iaoneiaeaiu ?aciie eo iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoueth.
Oae, iai?eia?, anee ieceiiiea/eaaaiiio ?aai/aio caaeaoue aii?in
“Iaia?aaaaoanue ee Au a aeeaeaeoaa a?aiy oaieeoueny n aeaiiiai
i?aaei?eyoey?” iinea aii?ina i ca?aaioiie ieaoa, aa?iyoiinoue iieo/aiey
ooaa?aeeoaeueiiai ioaaoa iiauoaaony. A anee oio aea aii?in iinoaaeoue
iinea auyniaiey, neaaeai, ia?niaeoea ?inoa c/ieaou, aic?anoaao
aa?iyoiinoue iieo/eoue io?eoeaoaeueiue ioaao.
Oaeo nii?yaeaiiinoe ioaaoia ia ?aciua aii?inu o/eouaaaony i?e
ninoaaeaiee aieaou. Aeey yoiai, iai?eia?, aaiaeyony aooa?iua aii?inu.
Iiea iiaeii eeoue i?aaeiieaaaoue, /oi i?e iiiiue aieaou, aeinoeaaaony
aieueoay eciee?iaaiiinoue ioaaoia ia eaaeaeue aii?in, /ai i?e
iaiin?aaenoaaiiii iauaiee n eioa?auetha?ii. Ii?aoeaaaiiio ia iaaei
caaioeoueny i naiai ia?aca a aeacao ia?oia?a ii iauaieth (eiia/ii, i?e
oneiaee aiiieiiinoe), eae ai a?aiy eioa?aueth. Iiyoiio, aeaeeii, caeanue
oa?aeoa? nii?yaeaiiinoe ioaaoia au?aaeai neaaaa. Iaeiaei yoi ia
aeieacaii.
Iauea e /anoiua aii?inu. Aieaoa ia/eiaaony n iaeaieaa /anoiuo aii?inia e
iinoaiaiii eo eiie?aoece?oao (i?aaeei ai?iiee). Yoi iicaieyao iinoaiaiii
aaiaeeoue ?aniiiaeaioa a neooaoeeth. Ii iauaa ?aoaiea ia anaaaea
i?aaeiieaaaao eiie?aoiia, a oi a?aiy eae iineaaeiaa neeueii aeeyao ia
iauaa (ethaee ioioiaa iaiauatho /anoiinoe, /ai caieiathony
aeaaeoeoeeae).
I?eia?: Iauea aii?inu naiiioeaiee ia eioa?ana e iieeoeea e ?aeeaee,
iinoaaeaiiua aei e iinea /anoiuo aii?inia i iieeoe/aneii e ?aeeaeiciii
iiaaaeaiee ?aniiiaeaioia, iaa?aee ia?aaiia eiee/anoai “aieinia”. Ai
aoi?ii neo/aa ?aniiiaeaiou cayaeee i naiai eioa?ana ai?acaei /aua. A oi
aea a?aiy iauea ioeaiee yeiiiie/aneie e yia?aaoe/aneie neooaoeee
ieacaeenue a aanueia iacia/eoaeueiie noaiaie iiaeaa?aeaiiuie
aicaeaenoaeth iinoaiiaee /anoiuo aii?inia i aeioiaeao e enoi/ieeao
yia?aee ?aniiiaeaioa aei e iinea ieo. Yoi aeaao iniiaaiea
i?aaeiieaaaoue, /oi iauea e /anoiua aii?inu aeeytho ae?oa ia ae?oaa
iaiaeiicia/ii. ?ani?aaeaeaiea ioaaoia ia iauea aii?inu caaeneo io
i?aaeoanoaothuae iinoaiiaee /anoiiai aii?ina ia oo aea oaio neeueiaa,
/ai iaiai?io. E?iia oiai yoa caaeneiinoue iaoneiaeaia oaeaea e
niaea?aeaieai ianoaeaeaaiiai yaeaiey.
I?eiaiaiea aii?inia-oeeueo?ia.
Iacia/aiea oeeueo?ia ninoieo a oii, /oiau ieacuaaoue aeeyiea ia ioaaou
iineaaeothueo aii?inia. Yoe aii?inu iicaieytho auaeaeeoue a?oiio
ethaeae, ioaaou eioi?uo ieacuaathony iniiaaiiuie ia oieueei ia iaueo
i?aaenoaaeaieyo, ii e ia ee/iii iiuoa:
“Iinauaao ee Aao ?aaaiie aeaoneoth iocueaeueioth oeieo?
– aea
– iao
Anee aea, eoi aai iau/ii nii?iaiaeaeaao ooaea?
– eoi ethai ec ?iaeeoaeae
– aaaooea, aeaaeooea e o.i.”
Yoe aii?inu naa?aaatho a?aiy oao e eiio neaaeothuee ca oeeueo?ii aii?in
ia aae?aniaai.
Eniieueciaaiea oeeueo?ia i?eaiaeeo e i?iioneai ioaaoia. Aucuaathony yoe
i?iionee ia oieueei niciaoaeueiui ia?aoiaeii /anoe ii?aoeaaaiuo e
aii?inai, ia eioi?ua iie iiaoo ioaaoeoue, ieioy ia ioiinyueany e iei, ii
e iaeioi?uie ae?oaeie oaeoi?aie. Oae iai?eia? auynieeinue, /oi
eniieueciaaiea na?ee oeeueo?othueo aii?inia (“Anee o Aan aunoaa
ia?aciaaiea, oi…?”; “Anee o Aan aunoaa aoiaieoa?iia ia?aciaaiea,
oi…?”; “Anee o Aan aunoaa aoiaieoa?iia ia?aciaaiea e Au i?ioiaeeee
i?aeoeeo a n?aaeiae oeiea, oi…?”) oioy e yaeyaony i/aiue oaeiaiui aeey
nioeeieiaa niiniaii ?aniieiaeaiey aii?inia, /?acau/aeii oneiaeiyao
aini?eyoea aieaou ?aniiiaeaioaie. Eiiaaea yoi i?eaiaeeo e ianoieueei
nouanoaaiiiio /eneo i?iiouaiiuo ioaaoia, /oi ana enneaaeiaaiea
ieacuaaaony iiae oa?icie.
Aii?in n i?aaiaoeie.
Aii?in i oaeoao, eae ethaie ae?oaie, iiaeao auoue aini?eiyo eae
ioeaii/iay oa?aeoa?enoeea ?aniiiaeaioa, iiyoiio oeaeaniia?acii a
iaeioi?uo neo/ayo caaeaaaoue aai a oaeie oi?ia, eioi?ay ianeieueei
ineaaeyao aai ioeaii/iue oa?aeoa?. Iai?eia?: “Iaeie ethaee aaeaaeiaaii
oae?atho eaa?oe?o, ae?oaea aeaeatho yoi io neo/ay e neo/ath. Eae /aua
anaai iinooiaaoa Au?”
Niaea?aeauaany a i?aaiaoea e aii?ino oeacaiea ia oi, /oi aeaeaei ia ana
ethaee iinooiatho oae, eae, eaaeaony, i?eiyoi iicaieyao ?aniiiaeaioo
aieaa naiaiaeii ?anneacaoue i naiai iiaaaeaiee.
Aii?inu oaaeeoeu.
Aii?inu oaaeeoeu i/aiue oaeiaiu aeey enneaaeiaaoaey. Yoi o?oaeiua
aii?inu i?e eioi?uo ?aniiiaeaioo i?eoiaeeony i?eeaaaoue ?yae oneeee aeey
ioaaoa ia ieo.
A oaeeo aii?inao ?a/ue eaeao i aauao, ioaaoeoue ia eioi?ua iiaeii eeoue
oiaaea, eiaaea eniieuecothony ciaiey e oinoaaiiua niiniaiinoe
?aniiiaeaioia. Iinea oaeeo aii?inia aeaeaoaeueii ia?aoiaeeoue e aieaa
i?inoui.
I?eia?:
“Eaeeie enoi/ieeaie eioi?iaoeee Au iieuecoaoanue, /oiau auoue a eo?na
niauoee iauanoaaiiie aeecie?”
I niauoeyo
Aioo?e no?aiu Ca ?oaaaeii
iinoi-yiii eiaaea eae ?aaeei iinoi-yiii eiaaea eae ?aaeei
?aaeei
Oaeaaeaeaiea
Iieeoe/aneea eioi?iaoeee
Aacaou
Aanaaeu n oiaa?euaie
Iauanoaaiii – iieeoe/aneea aeo?iaeu
Eaeoeee
Oaeea aii?inu ia neaaeoao iiaoi?youe /anoi, o.e. o ?aniiiaeaioia
aicieeaao ooiieaiea, ?annaeaaiea aieiaiey, aicieeaao yooaeo eceo/aiey.
Oae, iai?eia?, a iaeiii enneaaeiaaiee ?aniiiaeaioai i?aaeeaaaeny nienie
iaeieo e oao aea oai. A ia?aii neo/aa o?aaiaaeinue ioeaieoue eo
aeaenoaaiiinoue, ai aoi?ii – iia?aoeaiinoue, a o?aoueai – iieiioo
inaauaiey i?iaeai. I?aaeuyaeaiea yoiai nienea ai aoi?ie, a oai aieaa a
o?aoee aucaaei o ?aniiiaeaioia iuouaiea, /oi iiaoi?yaony ia oieueei
nienie, ii e e?eoa?ee ioeaieaaiey. Iiiaea o/anoieee ii?ina, acaeyioa ia
o?aoueth oaaeeoeo, aiai?eee: “ss aai oaea ioaa/ae”, “Yoi oaea auei” e
o.i., i?iioneaee aa, inoaaeyee aac ioaaoa.
Iaeiiia?acea caiieiaiey oaaeeoe aaaeao e oiio, /oi iiauoaaony iianiinoue
iieo/eoue iaoaie/aneea caiieiaiey, aacaeoiiua ioaaou. Eca?aa iaeiaaeaeu
aeey ioaaoa ioeaieo “3”, ?aniiiaeaio iiaeao aa oeene?iaaoue ia
i?ioyaeaiee anae oaaeeoeu iacaaeneii io oiai, eaeiaa aeaenoaeoaeueiay
ioeaiea e aeaaea iacaaeneii io niaea?aeaiey aii?ina.
I?iaeaia iiiioiiiinoe.
N yooaeoii eceo/aiey naycaii a cia/eoaeueiie ia?a e aeeyiea
aaeeiiia?aciuo aii?inia ia ioaaou ?aniiiaeaioia. Eae a neo/ae n
oaaeeoeaie, oae e ai iiiaeo ae?oaeo, iniaaiii eiaaea ?aniiiaeaioai
i?aaeeaaaaony ianeieueei aii?inia, noi?ioee?iaaiiuo ii iaeiie e oie aea
neioaene/aneie noaia, aieaoa ieacuaaaony iiiioiiiie. Yoi i?eaiaeeo e
oaaee/aieth aeiee iai?iaeoiaiiuo ioaaoia eee eo i?iioneo. Aeey oiai
/oiau i?eiaeieaoue iiiioiiiinoue, ?aeiiaiaeothony neaaeothuea i?eaiu:
“?acaaaeyoue” oaaeeoeu e aii?inu, caaeaiiua a iaeeiaeiaie neioaene/aneie
oi?ia, ae?oaeie aii?inaie; aa?uee?iaaoue eaoaai?ee aeey ioaaoa (a ia?aii
neo/aa iii?ineoue ?aniiiaeaioa au?aceoue niaeanea eee ianiaeanea, ai
aoi?ii – ioeaieoue, a o?aoueai – ?aoeoue, aa?ii eee iaaa?ii oi eee eiia
ooaa?aeaeaiea, a /aoaa?oii noi?ioee?iaaoue ioaao naiinoiyoaeueii e
o.i.); oe?a eniieueciaaoue ?aciiia?aciua ooieoeeiiaeueii-ineoieiae/aneea
aii?inu, “aanyuea acaeiiaeeyiea ioaaoia”; ?aciiia?aceoue ioi?ieaiea
aieaou.
Ooieoeeiiaeueii-ineoieiae/aneea aii?inu.
Aeey oiai /oiau nicaeaoue e iiaeaea?aeeaaoue eioa?an e aieaoa, nieiaoue
aicieeathuaa iai?yaeaiea, ia?aaiaeeoue ?aniiiaeaioa io iaeiie oaiu e
ae?oaie, a aieaoa i?eiaiythony niaoeeaeueiua aii?inu, iieo/eaoea
iacaaiea ooieoeeiiaeueii-ineoieiae/aneeo.
Yoe aii?inu neoaeao ia noieueei aeey nai?a naaaeaiee, neieueei aeey
iaania/aiey ioiioaiee iauaiey iaaeaeo enneaaeiaaoaeai e ?aniiiaeaioaie.
Yoe aii?inu neoaeao ia oieueei iiaoaeaeaieai e ioaaoai, iie niaea?aeao
?aciiia?acioth eioi?iaoeeth: iiyniaiey e ii?aaaeaiey auneacuaaiee
nioeeieiaa, ia?auaiiua e ?aniiiaeaioai, iaeioi?ua eiiiaioa?ee,
aini?eieiaaiua eae i?eciaee aieaa neiiao?e/iiai iauaiey, aieaa
?aaiii?aaiiai iaiaia eioi?iaoeeae.
E ooieoeeiiaeueii-ineoieiae/aneei aii?inai ioiinyony eiioaeoiua aii?inu
e aooa?iua aii?inu.
Eiioaeoiua aii?inu.
Ethaia iauaiea ia/eiaaony n oacu aaeaioaoeee. Yoa oaca i?aaeoniao?eaaao
aini?eyoea iauaiey e ?aniiiaeaioai, ciaeiinoai n oeaeueth enneaaeiaaiey
e eino?oeoeeae i caiieiaiee aieaou.
Ia?aue aii?in aieaou ieacuaaaony eiioaeoiui. Iiaeii ?ann/eouaaoue, /oi
ii i?e/eia acaeiinayce anao aii?inia aieaou, anee /aeiaae ioaaoeo ia
ia?aue aii?in, oi iiaeao ioaaoeoue e ia ana inoaeueiua.
?yae o?aaiaaiee e ia?aiio aii?ino aieaou:
1) Eiioaeoiue aii?in aeieaeai auoue i/aiue i?inoui. Caeanue /anoi
eniieuecothony aii?inu /enoi niauoeeiiai oa?aeoa?a – iai?eia?, noaaea
?aaiou, ?aeiia ianoiaeeoaeuenoaa, i?eau/ee, caeioa?aniaaiiinoue a
i?iaeaiao.
2) Eiioaeoiue aii?in aeieaeai auoue i/aiue iauei, o.a. eanaoueny anao
?aniiiaeaioia. Iiyoiio iaaeaeaoaeueii ia/eiaoue aieaoo n oeeueo?a.
3) Eiioaeoiue aii?in ?aeiiaiaeoaony aeaeaoue ianoieueei oe?ieei, /oiau
ia iaai iia ioaaoeoue ethaie ?aniiiaeaio. Ioaa/ay, /aeiaae ia/eiaao
aa?eoue a naith eiiiaoaioiinoue, /oanoaiaaoue naay oaa?aiii. O iaai
aicieeaao aeaeaiea ?acaeaaoue naie iunee aeaeueoa, auneacuaaoueny
iieiaa. Iiyoiio aieaoo eo/oa ia/eiaoue n oiai, /oi i?eieiaaony anaie,
/oi iaeaieaa iiiyoii.
Aiana ia iaycaoaeueii, /oiau eiioaeoiua aii?inu niaea?aeaee eneiioth
eioi?iaoeeth. Aeaaiay eo ooieoeey – a iaeaa/aiee acaeiiaeaenoaey. Ioaaou
ia eiioaeoiua aii?inu aiana ia iaycaoaeueii aiaeaeaoue a iao/iue aiaeec
a nayce n niaea?aeaoaeueiuie i?iaeaiaie. N ae?oaie noi?iiu, a
iaoiaee/aneii ieaia yoe ioaaou eiatho aieueoia cia/aiea: a caaeneiinoe
io eo niaea?aeaiey iiaeii ii?aaeaeeoue ioiioaiea ii?aoeaaaiuo e ii?ino,
aai aeeyiea ia eo aeia?iniaanoiinoue, ene?aiiinoue e o.i.
Aooa?iua aii?inu.
Aeiaieueii ?aaeei aieaoa auaaao iinayuaia eaeie-oi iaeiie oaia. Ii
aeaaea a ?aieao iaeiie oaiu ianoaeaeathony ?acee/iua aniaeou. ?aceea e
iaiaeeaeaiiua ia?aoiaeu io iaeiie oaiu e ae?oaie iiaoo i?iecaanoe ia
?aniiiaeaioia iaaeaaii?eyoiia aia/aoeaiea.
Aooa?iua aii?inu i?aaeiacia/aiu aeey niya/aiey acaeiiaeeyiey aii?inia a
aieaoa. Ai ia?auo, eae oaea neacaii iie ea?atho ?ieue naiaai ?iaea
“iinoeeia” i?e ia?aoiaea n oaiu ia oaio. Iai?eia?, iinea ianoaeaeaiey
?yaea i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo i?iaeai aeaaony oaeay oi?ioee?iaea: “Naiaiaeiia
a?aiy – yoi ia oieueei a?aiy, iaiaoiaeeiia iai aeey ainnoaiiaeaiey
cao?a/aiiuo ia ?aaioa nee. I?aaeaea anaai yoi aiciiaeiinoue aeey
ananoi?iiiaai ?acaeoey ee/iinoe. Iiyoiio i?inei Aan ioaaoeoue ia ?yae
aii?inia i caiyoeyo iiieii ?aaiou”.
N iiiiuueth aooa?iiai aii?ina (a oaeie ooieoeee caeanue aunooiee ia
nianoaaiii aii?in, a i?aaiaoea e iaio) enneaaeiaaoaeue iiyniyao
?aniiiaeaioai oiae naieo iuneae.
N iiiiuueth oaeeo “aooa?ia” enneaaeiaaoaeue ia i?inoi i?aaeeaaaao
?aniiiaeaioai ia?aeeth/eoue naia aieiaiea ia ae?oaoth oaio, ii e
iiyniyao, ca/ai yoi ioaeii. Iai?eia? iinea aii?ina i aeinoaa aeaaony
oaeay oi?ioee?iaea: “Aieueooth /anoue naiae aeecie /aeiaae i?iaiaeeo ia
?aaioa. Iai?/aiey e ?aaeinoe, oniaoe e iaoaea/e a o?oaea iaaac?acee/iu
aeey ian. Iiyoiio iaoaeeaeoaeueii, /oi iu oioei iiaiai?eoue n Aaie i
?aaioa”.
Ai aoi?uo aooa?iua aii?inu i?aaeiacia/aiu aeey oiai, /oiau
iaeo?aeeciaaoue yooaeo eceo/aiey. A oaeii neo/aa a ea/anoaa aooa?iuo
iiaoo aunooiaoue ethaua niaea?aeaoaeueiua aii?inu, ia naycaiiua
iaiin?aaenoaaiii n oai i?aaeiaoii, eioi?ue ianoaeaeaaony a aii?inao,
acaeiiaeeyiea eioi?uo i?aaeiieaaaao nioeeieia.
Caaa?oay ianoaeaeaiea cia/aiey ooieoeeiiaeueii-ineoieiae/aneeo aii?inia
a eiino?oeoeee aieaou, ioiaoei: eae e ethaua ae?oaea, eo oi?ioee?iaee
iiaoo ieacaoueny iaaac?acee/iuie aeey ?aniiiaeaioia e, neaaeiaaoaeueii,
aeeyoue ia niaea?aeaiea e iaee/ea eo ioaaoia. Ciaiea nioeeieiaii, /oi
oio eee eiie aii?in aunooiaao eae ooieoeeiiaeueii-ineoieiae/aneee, aua
ia iaania/eaaao oiai, /oi ii eniieieo naith ?ieue oae, eae
i?aaeiieaaaaony. *oiau i?aaeiieiaeaiey nioeeieiaa ii?aaaeaeenue
iaiaoiaeeii i?iaiaeeoue niaoeeaeueiua iaoiaee/aneea yenia?eiaiou a yoie
iaeanoe.
Ianoaiiaea aieaoiiai ii?ina.
I/aiue aieueooth ?ieue ea?aao oi, eae iinoaaeaia ianoaiiaea i?iaaaeaiey
aieaoiiai ii?ina. I?aaeaea anaai iaaei aeaoue iiiyoue ?aniiiaeaioai, /oi
ana eo ioaaou aaniethoii aiiieiiu. Yoi iicaieeo iieo/eoue aieaa
iaaeaaeioth eioi?iaoeeth a ioaaoao. Aeeyao ia ?aniiiaeaioia e
i?enoonoaea iinoi?iiieo eeoe. Aeey nicaeaiey aieaa aeaaii?eyoiie
aoiinoa?u ai a?aiy ii?ina, iaiaoiaeeii i?eiyoue ia?u ii i?enoonoaeth
ethaeae iaiin?aaenoaaiii naycaiiuo n aieaoie (enneaaeiaaoaeue,
?aniiiaeaiou). Ianoi i?iaaaeaiey ii?ina oiaea ea?aao naith ?ieue. Iii
aeieaeii auoue ciaeiii ?aniiiaeaioo. Aaaeii, /oiau ii /oanoaiaae naay
naiaiaeii a oaeii ianoa. Iiiauaiea ia aeieaeii auoue neeoeii
ioeoeeaeueiui (eaaeiao oi?aaeythuaai i?aaei?eyoea), eee neeoeii
iaioeoeeaeueii (?acaeaaaeea). Iiiaia caaeneo io oiai, i /ai aii?inu.
Anee a aieaoa caaeathony aii?inu i i?aaei?eyoee ia eioi?ii i?ioiaeeo
aieaoe?iaaiea, ioaaou nei?aa anaai aoaeoo iaene?aiie. Iaaei oaeaeeoue
aieiaiea e a?aiaie i?iaaaeaiey aieaou. Iia ia aeieaeia aeeeoueny neeoeii
aeieai, /oiau ia ooiieyoue ?aniiiaeaioia (o ieo anoue e aieaa aaaeiua
aeaea).
5. Caeeth/aiea.
A aeaiiie ?aaioa, y iinoa?aeny ?acia?aoue iniiaiua iaoiaeu nai?a
nioeeieiae/aneie eioi?iaoeee. Iaaei neacaoue, /oi yoi auei i/aiue
eioa?anii. Iiiai iiaiai ociaaoue i iaoea, eioi?ie i?aaeaea ia
eioa?aniaaeny aiana. A nioeeieiaee, ii iiaio, ni/aoathony iiiaea
iai?aaeaiey /aeiaa/aneeo ciaiee (ineoieiaey, oeeinioey, eiaeea,
anoanoaiciaiea e o.ae.). Nioeeieiao iaiaoiaeei aieueoie iiuo e caian
ciaiee aeey oiai, /oiau oi?ioi iao/eoueny enneaaeiaaoue /aeiaa/aneia
iauanoai.
Io e eiia/ii anoaao aii?in i aieueoie aaaeiinoe yoie iaoee aeey iiiaeo
noa? aeayoaeueiinoe /aeiaaea. A aoaeouai nioeeieiaeth iaaa?iyea aeaeao
aieueoia ?ani?ino?aiaiea. Eiia/ii iia e nae/an ?ani?ino?aiaia, ii ia oae
eae oioaeinue au. Iai?eia? auei au iaieioi a iaoa a?aiy i?aeoeeiaaoue
nioeeieiaeth ia e?oiiuo i?aaei?eyoeyo, eae yoi aeaeaaony ca ?oaaaeii.
Yoi neeueii iiiiaei au i?eieiaoue i?aaeeueiua ?aoaiey ?oeiaiaeeoaeyi,
eioi?ua oieeii ia ciatho i oii, /oi oai?eony a eieeaeoeaao eo
i?aaei?eyoee. Ca/anooth i?eieiathony ?aoaiey, eioi?ua i?ioeai?a/ao
iiaieth eieeaeoeaia e iauanoaaiiinoe, /aai iiiiaee au ecaaaeaoue
nioeeieiae/aneea enneaaeiaaiey.
6. Nienie eeoa?aoo?u.
1. Aooaiei E.A. “Aieaoiue ii?in eae iaoiae iauaiey nioeeieiaa n
?aniiiaeaioii”, Iineaa, 1989 aiae.
2. Iiyeue Y. “Ianniaua ii?inu. Aaaaeaiea a iaoiaeeeo aeaiineiiee”,
Iineaa, 1987 aiae.
3. ssaeia A.A. “Nioeeieiae/aneea enneaaeiaaiey: iaoiaeieiaey, i?ia?aiiu,
iaoiaeu”, Iineaa, 1987 aiae.
PAGE 3 .
/eneaiiinoue niuneiauo aaeeieoe
/eneaiiinoue oaenoia
8
16
17
18
19
20
7
6
5
4
3
20
2
1
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
10
Нашли опечатку? Выделите и нажмите CTRL+Enter
