IINEIANEEE AINOAeA?NOAAIIUE OIEAA?NEOAO
ei. I.A. Eiiiiiniaa
Nioeeieiae/aneee oaeoeueoao
?aoa?ao ii iauae nioeeieiaee
ia oaio:
«Ee/iinoue eae noauaeo e i?iaeoeo nioeeaeueiuo ioiioaiee»
Nooaeaioia
1-ai eo?na,
102 a?oiiu,
Eociaoeia ?.N.
Nooaiia Ae.A.
Iineaa 1997
Eiaaea iu iuoaainy ioeaieoue iau/iiai /aeiaaea, i?aaeiieiaeei, iienaoue
naiaai ciaeiiiai ethaeyi, ia ciathuei aai, iu ?anneacuaaai i aai oi?ioeo
eee ieioeo ea/anoaao e /a?oao oa?aeoa?a, iu aiai?ei i ethaeyo, eioi?ua
aai ie?oaeatho, i aai naiuea, ?iaea caiyoee, – a iauai, iai anai, /oi n
oie eee eiie noi?iiu oa?aeoa?ecoao /aeiaaea eae ee/iinoue, auaeaeyao aai
ec iauae ethaeneie iannu. I?e yoii iu iuoaainy iaeoe yoiio /aeiaaeo
ianoi n?aaee ae?oaeo ecaanoiuo iai ethaeae, ioeaieaay eaaeaeia aai
aeinoieinoai eee iaaeinoaoie. Ii a aeaiiii neo/aa “ia/aeii ion/aoa”
yaeyaony aeey ian iaeee “on?aaeiaiiue”, iau/iue /aeiaae, oio eoi ia
neeoeii auaeaeyaony ec i?eau/iiai iai e?oaa iauaiey, eiai iu ia
oaeeaeeenue au oaeaeaoue ?yaeii n niaie. E ia?auaoue aieiaiea iu aoaeai,
a iniiaiii, ia aai no?aiiinoe, oi anoue ia oi, /oi ioee/aao aai io
ae?oaeo.
*oi aeaeaoue a neo/aa, eiaaea eiaiii eaeay-oi oa?aeoa?iay iniaai-iinoue
/aeiaaea i?iyaeyao naay eae aai oaeaio ? Oiaaea a iienaiee ee/iinoe iu
auioaeaeaiu ia?auaoue aieiaiea a iniiaiii ia yoo eiie?aoioth /a?oo,
?anniao?eaay anth inoaeueioth /anoue /aeiaa/aneie iaoo?u eeoue n oi/ee
c?aiey ieacuaaaiiai ia yoio oaeaio aeeyiey. Oae, aiai?y ia ecaanoiii
ienaoaea, iu a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue ioeaieaaai aai oai?/anoai, aai ianoi a
eeoa?aoo?a aiiaua, a oae iioii aa?ainy aiai?eoue i aeia?aoee, aea e oi
nia/aea iuoaainy iaeoe a aai aeecie iauyniaiea aai eieaai, a iioii oae
aaeyaeuaaainy a ee/iua ea/anoaa. A yoii neo/aa iu euai ianoi /aeiaaea ia
n?aaee iau/iuo ethaeae, a oaea a e?oao eca?aiiuo – ?aaiuo aio ii
i?iyaeaiiiio oaeaioo.
Eae aea oiaaea iaeoe ianoi /aeiaaea, i eioi?ii iiaeii neacaoue, /oi ii
aaieaeai ? Anee /aeiaae aa?oee noaeueao ionoue ia ie?a, ii no?aiu, anee
ii ia?aainoaiaae ai iii-aeanoaa aeae, anee ii inoaaee ii naaa iaiyoue ia
ianeieueei aaeia, anee, iaeaaeay iiiaeanoaii oaeaioia, ii iaoae a naaa
yia?aeth aeey anao ieo, – oi eae oiaaea ?annoaeaeaoue i iai ?
Oaeay ee/iinoue, ?acoiaaony, o?aaoao eiiai ianooaaa ecia?aiey.
Iieo/aaony, /oi iaaei aiai?eoue ia oieueei i aai i?ienoiaeaeaiee e anae
aeecie, ii e i aai iieiaeaiee n?aaee oao, eoi ie?oaeae aai, i aai ?iee a
nianoaaiiie yiioa e i aai aeeyiee ia anth enoi?eth /aeiaa/anoaa a
oeaeii. A aeaiiii neo/aa ea/anoaa /aeiaaea eae oaeiaiai aaaeiu eeoue
iinoieueeo, iineieueeo iie iauyniytho a eaeie-oi ia?a aai aeayiey .
Ai?acaei aaaeiaa, ia iie acaeyae, i?iieeiooueny iuouaieai yiioe, eioi?ay
ii?iaeeea e i?iaoaeeea e aeaenoaeth aaiey.
Noieue aeeeiiia anooieaiea aeieaeii, eae iia eaaeaony, iiynieoue, ii/aio
aeey aiaeeca iieeoe/aneeo acaeyaeia Ieeeiei Iaeeaaaeee niaa?oaiii
iaiaoiaeei ?anneac i iai naiii, i a?aiaie, a eioi?ii ii aeee, i oie
iaiyoe, eioi?oth ii ii naaa inoaaee.
Eoae, Ieeeiei Iaeeaaaeee ?iaeeeny a 1469 aiaeo ai Oei?aioeee. A enoi?ee
Eoaeee yoi a?aiy – eiiaoe eaao?i/aioi – iaaa/ii inoaiaony n ai?aeui e
i?ae?aniui eiaiai Aunieiai Aic?iaeaeaiey. Aeaaea nae/an yiioa yoa
i?eoyaeaaao aeaneii naieo aeinoeaeaiee. Eaaeaony, ie a i?aaeuaeouea, ie
a iineaaeothuea aaea ia oieueei Eoaeey, ii e ethaay ae?oaay no?aia ia
?iaeaeaea noieueei oeoaiia. Ieeiaaea aieaa, iiaeao auoue, e?iia e?aoeiai
aaea ?anoeaaoa Ia?eeeiauo Aoei /aeiaa/anoai ia aciuaaei noieue aiacaiii
ia oaeea auniou ?acoia, Aeooa e Eneonnoaa. Eiaiii a Eoaeee ?aiueoa anaai
auieanioeinue ia?oaeo ana iiaia, /oi c?aei a aeoaeiao N?aaeiaaaeiauey, e
neiaii au e?oaaie ?acioeinue ii oiaaeaoiae Aa?iia. Ionoue aeaaea yoi
i?aoaaee/aiea, ii a eaeii-oi niunea yoe aieiu i?iaoaeeee Oaenie?a a
Aiaeee, Aeeiia e ?iina?a ai O?aioeee, Aeth?a?a a Aa?iaiee. *oi aea
oiaaea aiai?eoue i naiie Eoaeee, aaea a oa/aiee o?ao aaeia neyee oaeea
naaoi/e /aeiaa-/aneiai aaiey, ?aaiuo eioi?ui a enoi?ee Aa?iiu oaea ia
iiyaeyeinue aieaa. Yoi a?aiy aieoaei a naay ana oeaiiinoe aioe/iiai
ie?a, – naia caiey Eoaeee, o?aiyuay a naaa aanoeaiiaeoaa ianeaaeea
?anioaee-eaineiai e Eiia?aoi?neiai ?eia, a /a?ac iaai e A?aoeee a?aiai
aa iaeaunoaai ?anoeaaoa, iiaea?eea aiiaue acaeyioaoaio ia ie?
/aeiaa-/anoao ioae?inoue A?enoioaey, Ieaoiia, Aa?iaeioa, e?anii?a/ea
Oeeoea?iia, aaiee Aa?aeeey e Iaeaeey, /aeaiioth eaouiue Oeaca?y. Ii aaea
o?enoeainoaa, aaea aa?u a aeooiaiia ia/aei, a aiaeanoaaiiia
i?aaeiacia/aiea /aeiaaea, a oi?aeanoai Aeooa iaae a?aiiie ieioueth
iaiaaoeee aioe/iue eoeueo /aeiaaea eae i?ae?aniaeoaai oai?aiey i?e?iaeu
iniciaieai aeooiaiie iiue /aeiaaea – oai?oea, aeaeaeouae neeu naiae
noaeueau.
Eoaeueyineee aoiaieci, aieoaa a naay eo/oea /a?ou N?aaeiaaa-eiaie
eoeueoo?u e ioaa?aioa aa, iiaa?ioeny e Aioe/iinoe; ii, auaaaey ia naao
eeanne/aneea ?oeiiene ec iiianou?neeo aeaeeioae e ae?aaiea
?oeiu ec ne?uaaaoae eo caiee, aoiaienou iaiieieee eo naiei iiaui
ie?iiuouaieai. Ec aioe/iie “ea?ooee ?iea” /aeiaae a yoo yiioo noaiiaeony
oicyeiii naiae noaeueau. Oaeia ianoi a ie?a ieeiaaea aei yoiai ia
a?aceeinue /aeiaaeo. Ia?neeei Oe/eii – iaeei ec aeaeiae-oeo aeayoaeae
oiai a?aiaie – ieoao ii yoiio iiaiaeo :
“… eoi noaiao io?eoeaoue, /oi aaiee /aeiaaea
ii/oe oaeie aea, eae o naiiai oai?oea … ” ,
aaaeue a yoie o?aca anoue e aea?cinoue, e aucia, e ai?aeinoue
iacuaaoueny *aeiaaeii.
*aeiaae, eaeei iuneeee aai eoaeueyineea aoiaienou yiioe Aic?iaeaeaiey –
neeueiue, niaeue, ?acaeoue oece/anee e aeooiaii, i?ae?aniue e ai?aeue,
iiaeeeiiue oicyei noaeueau e ono?ieoaeue eo/oaai ie?a. Ia neo/aeii aea
eiaiii oiaaea, ca /aou?a aaea aei acyoey Aanoeeee, auei i?iaicaeaoaii
i?aai /aeiaaea ia naiaiaeo e n/anouea. Eiaiii oiaaea auee aia?aua
ooaa?aeaeaiu i?eioeeiu ?aaainoaa, ni?a-aaaeeeainoe e /aeiaa/iinoe. Aua a
XIII aaea Oei?aioeeneay ?anioaeeea inaiaiaeeea e?anoueyi io e?aiinoiie
iiaeiiinoe, iainii-auaay oaeia ?aoaiea neaaeothuei ii?aceoaeueiui aeey
oiai a?aiaie iieeoe/aneei “e?aaei” :
” Naiaiaea anoue iaioueaieaiia i?aai, eioi?ia ia iiaeao caaenaoue io
i?iecaiea ae?oaiai eeoea, e iaiaoiaeeii, /oiau ?anioaeeea ia oieueei
iiaeaea?aeeaaea yoi i?aai, ii e oe?aieyea aai ia naiae oa??eoi?ee.”
Oei?aioeey aiiaua noaiiaeony naiaai ?iaea noieeoeae Aic?iaeaeaiey,
iiaeeeiii “iiauie Aoeiaie”. A ioee/ea io ?eia, iaoiaeeaoaainy iiae
neeueiui aeeyieai iainoaa, Oei?aioeey anaaaea auea naiaiaeiethaeaie.
Eiaiii ai Oei?aioeee, ia/eiay n Aeaeiooi, oai?eee y?/aeoea ianoa?a
aeeaiiene, a?oeoaeoo?u e anao iuneeiuo “ecyuiuo eneonnoa”. E eiioeo XV
aaea ai?iae oaea i?eia?ae oa iaiiaoi?eiua e i?ae?aniua /a?ou, eioi?ua e
ii nae aeaiue i?eaeaeatho ouny/e ethaeae. Oaea auee iino?iaiu
aaeeeieaiiua o?aiu e aeai?oeu, oaea auee iaienaiu oieeaeueiua o?anee e
ia ieiuaaeyo ai?iaea oaea auee onoaiiaeaiu i?ae?aniua noaooe. I?eia?ii a
yoi aea a?aiy ai Oei?aioeee ?aaioaee e Eaiia?aei aea Aei/e, e
Ieeaeueaiaeaeaei, e ?aoayeue.
Naii a?aiy oiaaea aeanoii o?aaiaaei aaieaa. *aeiaae oioue
neieueei-ieaoaeue oaeaioeeaue ia iia iicaieeoue naaa inoaaaoueny a
aacaanoiinoe, a iaeue/ee, ?iaeeaoeeny a oaaaeaaiie oei?aioeeneie naiuea
e iieo/eaoee i?e e?auaiee eiy Ieeeiei, aue, eae ieacaeinue, i/aiue
oaeaioeea.
Oaea a aeinoaoi/ii c?aeii aic?anoa a ienueia iaeiiio ec “aaeeeeo ie?a
naai” Iaeeeaaaeee ienae, /oi n naiiai aeaonoaa aai a aeecie ie?oaeaee
nei?aa ioaeaea e eeoaiey, iaaeaee a?oaeu aiaaonoa, ii/anoe e neaaa. *aai
ooo aieueoa, eoeaaiai i?eoai?noaa eee aea ene?aiiae aeaeinoe e naiiio
naaa ? O?oaeii neacaoue. Eiia/ii, Iaeeaaaeee ?iaeeeny ia a aa?oeianeii
aeai?oea, ii aai ?iaeeoaee ia auee e ieueie. Naiuey Iaeeaaaeee auea
aeinoaoi/ii ae?aaiae, – ai Oei?aioeee iie iainiiaaeenue aua a XII aaea,
iiiaea /eaiu yoiai naiaenoaa aoiaeeee a ai?iaeneie Niaao Iyoenio, auee a
naiuea e aiaia/aeueieee, e nayuai-ieee. *oi eanaaony iaiin?aaenoaaiii
?iaeeoaeae Ieeeiei, oi aai ioaoe aue aeinoaoi/ii ecaanoiui th?enoii, e
oiio aea, iinoieueeo iineieueeo ii i?ienoiaeee ec nineiaey iiaeeae, ii
aeaaeae oaeaea iaaieueoei iiianoueai, – a iauai, aii?aee cayaeaieyi
Ieeeiei, naiuey eo aeaeaei ia aaaenoaiaaea. Ai anyeii neo/aa, ?iaeeoaee
niiaee aeaoue naiaio nuio aeanoyuaa eeanne/aneia ia?aciaaiea, ionoue
aeaaea oeiainiaia iieiaeaiea naiuee e ia iicaieeei Ieeeiei i?ieoe
oieaa?neoaoneee eo?n .
Iaeei ec enoi?eeia cayaee, /oi Iaeeaaaeee iaaei auei aeaaiaea?eoue
noaeueao, oaa?aaooth aai io oieaa?neoaoia oiai a?aiaie. Eiaiii a yoeo
“i/aaao ciaiey” eae ieaaea neeueiu auee n?aaeiaaaeiaua o?aaeeoeee, e
a?yae ee nooay noieanoeea i/aiue iaiaaoeea au oi. Oioy, iaaa?iia, aeaaea
oieaa?neoao ia oaee au a Ieeeiei Iaeeaaaeee aeeainoe oia e aeooe.
Iu ia ciaai, eoi auee oeieueiua o/eoaey Ieeeiei, ii enoei-iuie
ianoaaieeaie aeey iaai noaee eieae. O aai iooea auea i?ae?aniay
aeaeeioaea eaoeineeo aaoi?ia, e eiaaea nui aeinoaoi/ii iaeaaeae
eaouiueth, aio ioe?ueny ie? aunieie ioae?inoe i?aaeieo iieieaiee: Oeo
Eeaee, Oaoeeo, Oeeoea?ii, Oeaca?ue, Aa?aeeee, Eaooee, Iaeaeee, – aanue
iiuo aa/iiaeeaouaai /aeiaa/anoaa, ana /oi e yoiio a?aiaie noaei
aeinooiiui i?inaauaiiiio e caeioa?aniaaiiiio /eoaoaeth. Ae?aaiaa?a-
/aneiai ycuea Iaeeaaaeee ia ciae e iiyoiio n oaaeaa?aie Aiia?a, Ieaoiia
e A?enoioaey ii aue ciaeii oieueei a eo eaoeineeo ia?a-aiaeao. N thiinoe
aea o Ieeeiei i?iyaeeny aeon e ?iaeiiio eoaeue-yineiio ycueo. Eae
ienaoaeue Iaeeaaaeee ?acaeaaeny iiae aeeyieai Iao?a?ee e Aeaioa, – o
iaai auei o eiai iio/eoueny .
Ieeeiei iiaacei e aua a iaeiii – a aai naiuea auei i?eiyoi ia?aaeeia a
oi a?aiy naiaiaeiia ioiioaiea e ?aeeaee e Oea?eae. Aeaaea iaoue aai ia
auea iaaiaeiie. Iaaa?iia, eiaiii yoi iiiiaei Iaeeaaaeee aiineaaenoaee
?aaeueii, a oi e e?eoe/anee ioeaieaaoue ?ieue oea?eae a aeecie Eoaeee.
*aai noieo iaeia aai iueana “Iaiae?aai?a” ! Iaienaiiay a aeooa
“Aeaeaia?iia” Aieea//i, oooeeaay iueana iai?aa-eaia i?ioea /aeiaa/aneie
einiinoe e ooiinoe, ii oai aaea aeaei eanaaony oea?eae, iia ia?anoaao
auoue aaciaeaeiie oooeie e i?aa?aua-aony a ino?ue iaioeao, aieueii
aeaeyuee eae i?iaeaaeiuo nayuaiie-eia, aioiauo ?aaee aeaiaa aeaaea ia
i?yiia ia?ooaiea naiaai ianou?-neiai aeieaa, oae e i?ioea ethaeneie
aeiaa?/eainoe , aicaiaeyuae eaaeaeia neiai /aeiaaea a ?yna a ?aia
aiaeanoaaiiiai ioe?iaaiey.
?ieue oea?eae e a enoi?ee Eoaeee, e a enoi?ee Aa?iiu Iaeeaaaeee
ioeaieaae oaeaea i/aiue iaaaoeaii. Aiciiaeii, anee au Aeaenaiae?o VI,
THeeth II eee ethaiio ec eo i?aaeoanoaaiieeia oaeaeanue iiiuoea
iauaaeeieoue Eoaeeth iiae aeanoueth ?eineie eo?ee e nicaeaoue aaeeiia e
iacaaeneiia eoaeueyineia ainoaea?noai, Iaeeaaaeee ii-ae?oai-io ioianny
au e iieeoeea Aaoeeaia, ii aeaaea yoi eaaeaony niiieoaeue-iui. Eiia/ii,
eae iieeoe/aneee aeayoaeue Iaeeaaaeee oiae i?eieiaoue e oeaieoue
i?aaeaea anaai oniao e aiieia ii-eacoeonee ii?aaaeuaaoue i?aeoe/anee
ethaua n?aaenoaa, aaaeouea e aeinoeaeaieth iinoaaeaiiie oeaee. Ii ana
aea ii aue iao?eioii naiae no?aiu, eae Oei?aioeee, oae e anae Eoaeee, –
iaaea?ii iniiaiia ian/anouea naiae ?iaeeiu ii aeaeae a oii, /oi
oea?eiaue ia iaeaaeaea aeinoaoi/iie neeie, /oiau iauaaeeieoue no?aio, ii
auea aeinoaoi/ii neeueiie, /oiau iiiaoaoue aa iauaaeeiaieth ia iiae
naiei aeaaainoaii. A “Ainoaea?a” Iaeeaaaeee i?eaiaeeo iiiaeanoai
i?eia?ia ioeai/iie iieeoeee iai, e ioeaee yoe iauyniyao oai, /oi Aaoeeai
naie eioa?anu anaaaea noaaee auoa iauaiaoeeiiaeueiuo eioa?ania Eoaeee.
Iiaeaeoe, aaeei-noaaiiui ainoaea?noaaiiui aeayoaeai, aunooiaaoei ia
noi?iia ?eineie eo?ee e caneoaeeaoei iaeia?aiea e ii/oe ainoeuaiea
Iaeeaaaeee, aue Oeaca?ue Ai?aeaeea, oioy iaeuecy neacaoue, /oi Ai?aeaeea
ia i?aneaaeiaae ee/iuo eioa?ania, a n?aaeaeny oieueei ca eaeath ie?iaiai
ainiiaenoaa ?eineie Eaoiee/aneie oea?eae. E eiaiii a yoie ee/iie
caeioa?aniaaiiinoe, a ia?iiiie yia?aee e aiea, a ainoaea?no-aaiiii oia
*aca?a Ai?aeaeea aeaeae Iaeeaaaeee caeia i?oeaaoaiey no?aiu, oi?aaeyaiie
oaeei /aeiaaeii. Ii – vae victis ! – ianoiyoaeuenoaa, aea e naia
noaeueaa auee i?ioea Ai?aeaeea, oioy ii aue i/aiue aeecie e
inouanoaeaieth naieo ieaiia. E, eaaeaony, eiaiii yoa iaoaea/a eae au
ieii/aoaeueii ii?aaeaeyao ioiioaiea Ieeeiei Iaeeaaaeee e oea?eae e aa
iieeoeea. Ai?i/ai, yoi iai?eyoea auei aiieia acaeiiui: oaea a 1559 aiaeo
eaoiee/aneay oea?eiaue aianea o?oaeu Iaeeaaaeee a “Eiaeaen cai?auaiiuo
eiea”, oioy iieeoe/aneeie i?eioeeiaie, eceiaeaiiuie a ieo i?iaeieaeaea
iieueciaaoueny .
Iaeiaei, aica?auaynue e aeia?aoee Iaeeaaaeee, oioaeinue au iiaiai?eoue i
aai iieeoe/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe. Aieath noaeueau aeeciue Ieeeiei
Iaeeaaaeee ?acaeaeaia ia aeaa ii/oe ?aaiua ii i?iaeieaee-oaeueiinoe
/anoe: ia?aay – yoi aanueia ao?iay iieeoe/aneay, aiaiiay e
ainoaea?noaaiiay aeayoaeueiinoue a ea/anoaa nae?aoa?y oei?aioeeneie
?anioaeeee, a iioii e aeiaa?aiiiai eeoea e niaaoieea i?aaeoaey
Oei?aioeee, a aoi?ay – a?aiy ecaiaiey ec ?iaeiiai ai?iaea n i?eoiaeii e
aeanoe Iaaee/e, nnueee a nianoaaiiia iiianouea e iieiiai iono?aia-iey io
anyeiai ?iaea aeayoaeueiinoe, e?iia eeoa?aoo?iie .
Aeaaiaea?y yoiio ian/anoeeaiio iiai?ioo eieana Oi?ooiu aeeciue
Iaeeaaaeee i?ae?anii niioaaonoaoao iooeeineei
no?ieai :
” Aeaaeai , eoi n iieiaeo aue iieiae,
Aeaaeai, eoi aia?aiy nic?ae … ”
Eiaiii ai a?aiy naiae auioaeaeaiiie ionoaaee Iaeeaaaeee, oaea iiiaia
iiaeaeaaoee a aeecie, e iaienae ana naie iniiaiua o?oaeu, iaiauea a ieo
iaaethaeaiey iieeoe/aneie aeecie nia?aiaiiie aio Aa?iiu e iiuo eeanneeia
aioe/iinoe .
A, iaaei neacaoue, Aa?iia oiai a?aiaie i?aaenoaaeyea niaie
i?aeth-aiiuoiaeoaa c?aeeua. I?ienoiaeeei noieueei any/aneeo niauoee, /oi
n?aaieoue aeaiioth /anoue naaoa iiaeii ?acaa /oi n eeiyuei eioeii, a
eioi?ii eeiei/ao iaeia iaaiiaoeoiia ia aeae aa?aai. Aea, naiaiaea
/aeiaaea ii/eoaeanue aaee/aeoae ae?aaioeaiiinoueth, ii naia aeeciue aai
ia noieea e eiiaiiai a?ioa. Ana no?aiu e, a iniaaiiinoe,
iiiaino?a-aeaeueiay Eoaeey ooiiaee ii eieaii a e?iae naieo a?aaeaeai.
*aai noieee iaeie oieueei ?aeeaeiciua aieiu! A Ieaea?eaiaeao – iania?oue
noeanoioaoeany aacu e eaoieeee-eniaioeu, ai O?aioeee – eaoieeee e
aoaaiiou, a Aiaeee – oi i?ioanoaiou, aeaouea eaoieeeia, oi eaoieeee,
aeaouea i?ioanoaioia. Ana yoi eeai i?ienoiaeeei i?e aeecie Iaeeaaaeee,
eeai aioiaeeinue i?iecieoe. Naia yiioa Aic?iaeaeaiey, oaeay naaoeay e
?aaeinoiay a naiai eneonnoaa, auea ia naiii aeaea i/aiue i?ioeai?a/eaie
e aeanoieie. Ethaie – neoaa eee aa?oeia – ia ca-aeoiuaaynue ie ia
ieiooo, ioneae a aeaei yae eee eeiaeae, e ?aaeei eiaaea niia?aaeaiey
ii?aee eee a?yaeouaai aiciacaeey inoaiaaeeaaee yoeo ethaeae. Aoiaiecio,
eioi?ue inaauaao ana eneonnoai oie yiioe, ia iaoeinue ianoa a naiie
aeecie. Ana oio aea Ia?neeei Oe/eii ieoao:
” ss ie/aai ia neuoo, e?iia ooia i?oaeey, oiiioa eiiae, oaea?ia
aiiaa?aeu, y ie/aai ia aeaeo, e?iia neac, a?aaaaea, iiaea?ia, oaeenoa “,
– aio en/a?iuaathuay oa?aeoa?enoeea aeecie yiioe .
Naiua ciaiaieoua ethaee oiai a?aiaie neiaii au ni-oeaiu ec i?ioeai?a/ee.
Ciaiaieoue iaia Aeaenaiae? VI Ai?aeaeea, no?aiyueeny oie/oiaeeoue anao
aio iaiiei?iuo, oaeeoea, a?aaeoaeue e ?aca?aoiee, aue eae
ainoaea?noaaiiue aeayoaeue iaaeaeai aeanoyuei oaeaioii. Oe?ai Neaecioiae
Iaeaoanoa, ii naeaeaoaeuenoao nia?aiaiieea,
” a aeanoieinoe i?aacioae anao aa?aa?ia. Naieie ie?iaaa-eaiiuie ?oeaie
ii iiaeaa?aae oaeaniui iuoeai iaiiaeiiuo e aeiiaiuo. Ii oaniee aaaeiuo,
ioieiae o aiaaouo eo eiouanoai, ia uaaeee ie ne?io, ie aaeia “.
Ii yoi ia ana. Oio aea Iaeaoanoa iaeaaeae oe?ieeie iiciaieyie a
oeeinioee, iiaeieao aanaaeiaae n aoiaienoaie, neooae n ianeaaeaeaieai
ethaiaiua niiaou e a noaeaeaieyo i aeeaiiene e neoeuei-oo?a i?iyaeye
naiue ooii/aiiue aeon. Aeey oiai a?aiaie ia auei ie/aai oaeeaeoaeueiiai
a oii, /oi eeiaeae a ?oea oaeeoeu aue oaaeaa?ii thaaee?iiai eneonnoaa.
Eaeaae, noieue oii?ii aiieiuaaiue a eneonnoaa, a aeecie inoaaaeny
ianauoi/iie ia/oie .
Iiaeii ii-?aciiio iauyniyoue yoio aceao eoeueoo?u ia oiia o?aaaaeee
?aaeueiie aeecie. Aiciiaeii, aeooiaiay enoeia e aeieaeia ?iaeaeaoueny a
no?aaeaieyo eae aaeeinoaaiii aiciiaeiue niinia eo i?aiaeieaiey. Caeanue
eioa?ania oi/ea c?aiey Ieeieay Aa?aeyaaa, eioi?ue iuoaaony iauynieoue
i?ioeai?a/ey ?aiannaina oai, /oi
” ?aiannain yaeyaony ao?iui noieeiiaaieai aeaoo ia/ae, /oi a iai neeueiu
e ia/aea ycu/aneea , e ia/aea o?enoeaineea. Ia ?aiannain iaeiaeeea naith
ia/aoue aeaienaaiiinoue niciaiey, oianeaaeiaaiiay io iiuoa
n?aaeiaaaeiauey ni anaie aai ?acaeaiaieyie ia Aiaa e aeueyaiea, ia iaai
e caieth, ia aeoo e ieioue, – a iai ni/aoaaony o?enoeaineia
o?ainoeaiaeaioiia niciaiea, ?ac?uaathuaa ana a?aie, n niciaieai
aioe/iiai iaoo?aeecia. Aanue ?aiannain ie ia iaeii iaiiaaiea ia aue
oeaeueiui, ia iia auoue i?inoi aica?aoii e ycu/anoao “.
Aa?aeyaa iieaaaao, /oi aanue ?aiannain aue ia?a/ai ia aioo?aiithth
iaoaea/o eiaiii aneaaenoaea oiai /oi ” iaaiciiaeii Aic?iaeaeaiea
niaa?oaiiuo caiiuo oi?i a o?enoeaineii ie?a “. E aeaenoaeoaeueii,
o?enoeainoai o/eo i iaaiciiaeiinoe ?ay ia caiea, a aeaaiay eaeay
Aic?iaeaeaiey – yoi eiaiii aeinoeaeaiea eaeaaea, i?e/ai aaci anyeiai
aiaoaoaeuenoaa aunoeo nee, a oieueei eeoue naiei /aeiaaeii. Yoi
aioo?aiiaa i?ioeai?a/ea, niaeanii Aa?aeyaao, e iauyniyao anth
neiae-iinoue yiioe. I?eia?u, auyaeythuea yoe i?ioeai?a/ey, iiaeii iaeoe
e a eneonnoaa. ?acaeaiaiiinoue o?enoeaineie e ycu/aneie aeooe aeinoeaaao
iaeaieaa i?ae?aniiai naiaai au?aaeaiey a oai?/anoaa Naiae?i Aiooe/aeee .
I Aiooe/aeee aiai?eee, /oi aai Aaia?u iieeioee caieth, a Iaaeiiiu
iieeioee iaai. Ethaeiue ooaeiaeiee Ei?aioei Aaeeeieai-iiai, Aiooe/aee
eae ieeoi ae?oaie oiae aiieioeoue a naieo ea?oeiao iaaeiinoue e e?anioo,
iaeiaei eiaiii ii iineaaeiaae ca ?aeeaeiciui oaiaoeeii, e, neiaii
aeaoae, ian ia einoa? naie ea?oeiu .
Eaeei aea aeieaeii auei noaoue ie?iiuouaiea Ieeeiei Iaeeaaae-ee, anee
aua aei anooieaiey ia neoaeao Oei?aioeeneie ?anioaeeea ii iia
iaaethaeaoue aeai? Ei?aioei Iaaee/e, e neooaoue i?iiiaaaee Naaiia?ieu?
Nae/an iu iiaeai noaeeoue ia yoii oieueei ii aai eieaai. A oaeou aai
aeecie oaeiau: a 27 eao Iaeeaaaeee noaiiaeony
nae?aoa?ai Oei?aioeeneie ?anioaeeee. Aoaeo/e th?enoii ii ia?aciaa-ieth,
aeeieiiaoii ii neeaaeo oia, ?anioaeeeaioeai ii oaaaeaeaieyi e oeeinioii
ii aaeaieth aeooe, Iaeeaaaeee i?iaiaeeo 14 eao ia ainoaea?noaaiiie
neoaeaa. Ca yoi a?aiy ii oniaaaao i?iyaeoue naay n naiuo iaiaeeaeaiiuo
noi?ii.
Ii iacaiaieiue, oiiue e oaioanoe/anee ?aaioiniiniaiue /eiiaiee – a
a?oeaao Oei?aioeee o?aieony aieaa ouny/e aai nianoaaiii?o/iuo
aeieoiaioia ( aeieeaaeia, ?anii?yaeaieee, caienie, i?eeacia ). Ii
aeanoyuee iieeoee e iinie ?anioaeeee a naiuo ioaaonoaaiiuo neo/ayo – ii
iiauaae n ienneyie e a ?eia, e o Oeaca?y Ai?aeaeea, eioi?iai iaaethaeae
n aieueoei eioa?anii, e ai O?aioeee, aaea e aai iiaieth ia eoaeueyineeo
aeaeao i?eneooeaaeenue naie o?aioeo-cu. Iaeiiaoe, Iaeeaaaeee e iiuoiue
aiaia/aeueiee, aieiaoaeueii eco/eaoee iiuo ae?aaieo aiei e
i?aaeeiaeeaoee naie eaeae a iaeanoe aieineiai eneonnoaa, – ii e aieeaao
a ieaiu oe?aieaiey Oei?aioeee, e i?aaieciauaaao ai?iaeneia iiie/aiea,
iieaaay /oi iii aoaeao eo/oae caueoie ai?iaea iaaeaee iaaiiua nieaeaou.
E?iia oiai, ii aue ia?aui aeinoieiui oiiieiaiey aiaiiui ienaoaeai iiaiai
a?aiaie .
Ii a 1512 aiaeo n aica?auaieai e aeanoe naiuee Iaaee/e aeeciue
Iaeeaaaeee e?ooi eciaieeanue. Ii aue ioi?aaeai a ecaiaiea e eeoai
aiciiaeiinoe caieiaoueny noieue iaiaoiaeeiie aio ao?iie iauanoaaiiie
aeayoaeueiinoueth. Aa?iaa, ii aue ioeo/ai io neoaeau Oei?aioeee, a
ieeiio ae?oaiio ii neoaeeoue ia oioae. Aai iao?eioeci ia iicaieee aio
i?eiyoue i?aaeeiaeaiea ea?aeeiaea ?oaineiai, aaaeue oiaaea i?eoeinue au
ana neeu e niiniaiinoe ioaeaaaoue a?aao e caoaao/eeo naiae ?iaeeiu.
Eoae, eiaiii yoiio ia?eiaeo auioaeaeaiiiai aacaeaenoaey iu e iaycaiu
i?aeoe/anee anai eeoa?aoo?iui ianeaaeeai Iaeeaaaeee. Eiaiii oiaaea auee
iaienaiu e “Ainoaea?ue” aeey aa?oeiaa Noi?oea, e “Enoi?ey Oei?aioeee”,
caeacaiiay iaiie, e “Iaiae?aai?a”, e eo/oea aai niiaou e ianie, e
“Ia?aay aeaeaaea Oeoa Eeaey”.
Aei 1527 aiaea i?iaeieaeaeinue aai ecaiaiea. Ii eiaaea ai Oei?aioeee
aiiaue iaiaaeieai onoaiiaeeanue ?anioaeeea, e Iaeeaaaeee niiaa iiiuoaeny
aa?iooueny e iieeoeea e aeaaea aunoaaee naith eaiaee?aeaoo?o ia iino
eaioeea?a ?anioaeeee, aai iiiuoea ieii/eeanue iaoaea/ae. Naia oeao?a
yoiai oaaaeaeaiiiai ?anioaeeeaioea, iuneeoaey, ienaoaey oaea ia
niioaaonoaiaaea eciaieaoaiony ai?iaeo e Niaaoo Iyoenio. Ia neaiueyo
Niaaoa Iaeeaaaeee oaeaeae oaea ia naiaiaeiuo a?aaeaeai aieueiiai
ai?iaea, ia ethaeae Aic?iaeaeaiey, ii oeie/iuo ao?aeoa ( a iaeaeiii e
iauaaoaeueneii niunea yoiai neiaa ), oi?aiaoeaa, ?acaiaaoaaoeo ia
oei?aioeeneii noeia, ethaeae, i?eaueoeo iiaeiiaaoueny, i?iiaiyaoeo
naiaiaeo aeooe ia ooaie eioaeae. Aeey yoeo ethaeae Ieeeiei Iaeeaaaeee
aue neeoeii aaniieieiie oeao?ie, iie ia aeiaa?yee aio.
Naia ii?aaeaiea Iaeeaaaeee ia?aaeee aoeaaeueii ia ianeieueei ianyoeaa .
A yoii aea 1527 aiaeo ii neii/aeny a aic?anoa 58 eao e aue iioi?iiai a
oea?eae Naioa-E?i/a – Iaioaiia Oei?aioeee. Nae/an aai i?ao e iaoiaeeony
oai, ?yaeii n Ieeaeueaiaeaeaei e Aaeeeaai .
Eeoa?aoo?a:
1. Aaaaeue A. ?aaiou ?aciuo eao. I., 1970.
2. Aeaauaeia A.A. I?iaeaiu ?acaeaathuaainy iao/aiey. I.,1986.
3. Eaiioueaa A.I. Eca?. ineoie. i?ieca.,o.1,1983.
4. E?yaaeaea N.I. Aii?inu ineoieiaee.1985,N3.
5. Aiaiueaa A.A. *aeiaae eae i?aaeiao iiciaiey. E.1968.
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