THaeii-O?aeueneee Ainoaea?noaaiiue Oieaa?neoao
Oaeoeueoao Yeiiiieee e i?aaa
?aoa?ao
Ii eo?no: «Naiaeiia i?aai»
Ia oaio: «Aeooiaiue ie? a?aea»
Auiieiee: __________
A?oiia: _____________
I?iaa?ee: ___________
*aeyaeine, 2000 a.
NIAeA?AEAIEA
TOC \o “1-3” NIAeA?AEAIEA GOTOBUTTON _Toc474045327 PAGEREF
_Toc474045327 1
AAAAeAIEA GOTOBUTTON _Toc474045328 PAGEREF _Toc474045328 3
ENOI?Ess NAIUeE GOTOBUTTON _Toc474045329 PAGEREF _Toc474045329 4
AeAA IOAAONOAAIIINOE CA ETHAIAUe GOTOBUTTON _Toc474045330 PAGEREF
_Toc474045330 6
I?IAEAIU NAIAEIUO IOIIOAIEE GOTOBUTTON _Toc474045331 PAGEREF
_Toc474045331 10
CAEETH*AIEA GOTOBUTTON _Toc474045332 PAGEREF _Toc474045332 15
EEOA?AOO?A GOTOBUTTON _Toc474045333 PAGEREF _Toc474045333 16
AAAAeAIEA
Naaiaeiy, eae ieeiaaea, /aeiaaeo ioaeia iniiaa a aeecie, eioi?ay
iicaieeo /aeiaaeo nio?aieoue /aeiaa/aneea ea/anoaa, noaa eiaeaia?ii,
a?a/ii eee i?aceaeaioii. Anee o /aeiaaea iao oaeie iniiau, oi, i?eia?aoy
ia?iiiua eioaeeaeooaeueiua ciaiey, aai a?iiaaeiue iioaioeeae ia/eiaao
?aaioaoue i?ioea ethaeae. Au caaeoiuaaeenue, ii/aio ana ethaee
?iaeaeathony, iany a naaa eaeea-oi /aeiaa/aneea oeaiiinoe, a caoai
iiiaea aioiau oie/oiaeeoue ana aie?oa ?aaee aeaiaa e aeanoe? *aeiaae
aeaaea nai ia caia/aao, eae i?ienoiaeeo “iaaeaiea” oeaiiinoae a aai
niciaiee. Anee iao oaa?aeiai “ooiaeaiaioa” i?aanoaaiiie iniiau, oi
/aeiaae noaiiaeoueny iioaioeeaeueiui ?ac?ooeoaeai anaai aeeaiai. Aeey
oiai /oiau o /aeiaaea aue oi?ioee “ooiaeaiaio” iaiaoiaeeii nia/aea
“iinayoue” ca?iuoei.
ENOI?Ess NAIUeE
A ae?aaiai, oae iacuaaaiii “aeeeii” iauanoaa iieiaua nayce no?ieeinue
aac ?acai?a noaiaiae ?iaenoaa. Iie aeiioneaeenue iaaeaeo ?iaeeoaeyie e
aeaoueie, a?aoueyie e nano?aie. Ia auei ie naiuee, ie a?aea, auei ieaiy
– eae aaeeinoaaiiay e ia?acaeaeaiiay y/aeea ia?aiauoiiai iauanoaa.
Ec yoiai ia?aiauoiiai ninoiyiey ?acaeeenue ia?ae/iua oi?iu naiuee e
a?aea. Oae iacuaaaiue a?oiiiaie a?ae: e?iaii-?iaenoaaiiua naiuee, eiaaea
a?a/iua nayce aeiioneaeenue ii iieieaieyi (aeaoe e ?iaeeoaee ia?acotho
naiaai ?iaea a?a/iia eieueoei): nano?a iaeiia?aiaiii iiaea auoue e
aeaiie (?iaeeoaee ninoaaeyee iaeii eieueoei, aeaoe – ae?oaia).
Naiuey ioiaeoa noaea aieaa i?ia?anneaiui oaaii. A oaeie naiuea
eneeth/aeenue e?iaii-?iaenoaaiiua nayce (?iaeiuo a?aoueaa e nanoa?), o.
a. oi?ie?iaaeenue nayce iaaeaeo naiueyie, ii i?eoeua ioae- aeaia ia
eiouanoai naiuee i?aa ia eiaee. I?ienoiaeaeaiea aeaoae aea caeanue
ii?aaeaeyeinue oieueei ii iaoa?eineie eeiee – “aaciooeianeay naiuey”.
Aioo?e yoiai iaoa?eineiai ?iaea cai?auaeenue a?a/iua nayce. Ia?eiae
ecaanoai iiae iacaaieai iao?ea?oao.
Iaoa?eaeueiie iniiaie oaeiai a?oiiiaiai a?aea auei aeiiaoiaa oicyenoai.
Iineaaeothuaa ?acaeoea naiuee ninoiyei a oii, /oi e?oa, aioo?e eioi?iai
aeiioneaeenue a?a/iua nayce, ia/eiaao ana aieaa noaeaoueny. Ec yoiai
e?oaa eneeth/aeenue iieii?iaeiua e iaiieii?iaeiua ?iaenoaaiieee.
Aio ii/aio naiuey ioiaeoa iaecaaaeii niaieeanue ia?iui a?aeii. Caneoaa a
yoii aeaiueiu, oae eae a neeo naiaai iniaiai aeieiae/aneiai no?iaiey ae
i?enoua aieueoaa /oanoai i?eaycaiiinoe. Iaeiaei iiea aua yoa naiuey ia
yaeyeanue oicyenoaaiiie aaeeieoeae, oieueei a?a/iie, a oicyenoaaiiie
aaeeieoeae yaeyaony ?iae a oeaeii.
Iiiiaaiey – /aoaa?oay enoi?e/aneay oi?ia naiuee e a?aea. A ioee/ea io
ia?iiai a?aea – yoi aaeeiia?a/ea aieaa i?i/iia, onoie/eaia. A yoi a?aiy
ioae caieiaao ainiiaenoaothuaa eiouanoaaiiia iieiaeaiea e naiuey
noaiiaeony oaea naiinoiyoaeueiie oicyenoaaiiie y/aeeie ?iaea.
A yoie neooaoeee aaeeiia?a/ea – yoi aua ia nithc aeia?iaieueiue e
?aaiii?aaiue iaaeaeo ioae/eiie e aeaiueiie, a ii?aaiuaiea e caaeneiinoue
iaeiiai iiea iaae ae?oaei. Yoi ia nithc na?aeaoe, a nithc eiouanoaa.
Aei 1917 aiaea a ?innee ioeoeeaeueiie oi?iie caeeth/aiey a?aea auei
aai/aiea. Oi?ia, oneiaey a?aea (a?a/iue aic?ano, cai?aou a?aea) auee
onoaiiaeaiu iiae aicaeaenoaeai oea?eae e io?aaeaiu a naiaea caeiiia
?inneeneie eiia?ee. Oae, oeacii neiiaea a 1904 aiaeo auei ioia/aii
inoaeaeaiea ia aaca?a/ea eeoe, aeiiaiuo a ia?ooaiee noi?oaeaneie
aa?iinoe. Iineaaeothuaa iinoaiiaeaiea neiiaea cai?aoeei aai/aoue iinea
?acaiaea yoeo eeoe a oa/aiea 2 eao aaconeiaii, a a oa/aiea iineaaeothueo
5 eao aai/aiea iiaei ninoiyoueny eeoue i?e oneiaee oaeinoiaa?aiiiai
oea?eiaueth ?aneayiey.
?iaeeoaeyi i?eiaaeeaaeaea iaia?aie/aiiay aeanoue ia aeaoae ethaiai
aic?anoa – aeey aai/aiey o?aaiaaeinue niaeanea ?iaeeoaeae iaycaoaeueii
(aei/a?e aeey iiaoi?iiai a?aea o?aaiaaeinue niaeanea ?iaeeoaeae a ethaii
aic?anoa).
Naiaiaea anooieaiey a a?ae auea ia?aie/aia e aeey eeoe, ninoiyaoeo ia
neoaeaa eae aiaiiie, oae e a?aaeaeaineie. Ei cai?auaeinue caeeth/aoue
a?ae aac ienueiaiiiai aeicaieaiey ia/aeuenoaa.
N 1917 aiaea ooieoeee ?aaoee?iaaiey naiaeii-a?a/iuo ioiioaiee auee
ia?aaeaiu ainoaea?noao, a oea?eiaiue a?ae noae /anoiui aeaeii.
Ia?aui caeiiiaeaoaeueiui aeoii, ioiaieaoei ii?yaeie oea?eiaiiai
caeeth/aiey a?aea, aue aeae?ao io 18 aeaeaa?y 1917 aiaea “I
a?aaeaeaineii a?aea, i aeaoyo e i aaaeaiee eiea aeoia a?aaeaeaineiai
ninoiyiey”. Oae iiyaeeenue ia?aua i?aaiu CAAN.
AeAA IOAAONOAAIIINOE CA ETHAIAUe
Naiuey – yoi naiia aaaeiia, /oi anoue o /aeiaaea. A naiuea iu
?iaeaeaainy e, ?aii eee iicaeii, iu au?anoaai e nicaeaai naiueth.
Caaeoiaainy, /oi aieueoa anaai aieioao eaaeaeiai ec ian? Yoi i?iaeaiu,
eioi?ua ian ie?oaeatho. *oiau iiiyoue /oi-oi aieaa aeiaaeueiia ioaeii
iiniio?aoue, ioeoaea ana ia/eiaaony. Iaoa ainoaea?noai – yoi i?iaeoeey
iaoeo naiae. Ia naiii aeaea, a naiuea iiaeii iaeoe ninoaaiua yeaiaiou
aieueoiai ainoaea?noaa. A naiuea anoue yeiiiieea – yoi ca?ieaoa ioaea e
aeaiu, aioo?aiiyy e aiaoiyy iieeoeea – yoi ioiioaiey aioo?e naiuee e n
ninaaeyie, oaeaea eoeueoo?iay noi?iia aeecie. Iaeiaei, naiia aeaaiia a
naiuea – yoi ethaiaue iaaeaeo ioaeai e aeaiie. N yoiai ia/eiaaony
nicaeaiea naiuee. N yoiai ia/eiaaony e ?ac?ooaiea naiuee. Oaeei ia?acii,
a iauanoaa aeaaiua i?iaeaiu – ia yeiiiieea, ia iieeoeea e o.ae., a
i?iaeaia acaeiiioiioaiee iaaeaeo ioae/eiie e aeaiueiie.
1960-a aiaeu i?eiyoi n/eoaoue ia/aeii naenoaeueiie ?aaiethoeee. Iiiaea
iieiaeua ethaee neaii a?inathony a aiaeiai?io oae iacuaaaiie “naiaiaeiie
ethaae”. Iaeiaei n yoiai aea a?aiaie iaaethaeaaony ?aceee anieane /enea
?acaiaeia, i?anooieaiee, aieaciae, ia?aaeaaaaiuo iieiaui iooai,
?iaeaeaaiinoe aeaoae aia a?aea. Naiueth ii i?aao iiaeii iacuaaoue oeieie
enoeiiie ethaae, aaea iu onaaeaaai iniiaiua o?iee /aeiaa/iinoe. A
iaeioi?uo no?aiao 1/3 anao aeaoae ?iaeaeathony aia oaeie oeieu, /oi, a
naith i/a?aaeue i?eaiaeeo e i?anooiiinoe. Ineoieiae e nioeeieiae
nioeenue ai iiaieyo, /oi ei?ie i?anooiiinoe e?ithony a i?iaeaiao
acaeiiioiioaiee a naiuea. Enoi?ey neeaaeuaaeanue oaeei ia?acii, /oi
no?aiu, a eioi?uo auee e?aieea ii?aeueiua e naiaeiua onoie i?ioeaaoaee
aeaaea yeiiiie/anee. E iaiai?io, eiaaea ?ooeeenue yoe acaeiiioiioaiey, a
yoii ia?iaea i?ienoiaeeei eaeia-eeai ian/anouea. Iaeia o?aaaaeey,
eioi?ay i?aneaaeoao oao, eoi anooiee ia iooue “naiaiaeiie ethaae” oaea
noaiiaeony oa?icie naiiio auaeeaaieth /aeiaa/anoaa – yoi yieaeaiey
NIEAea. NIEAe – yoi aenaa?a. Iai ecaanoia iiea eeoue aai aeaeeiay
/anoue. Ia Oe?aeia ia o/aoa oaea nauoa 10 000 AE* – eioeoee?iaaiiuo.
?acaiaeu, i?anooiiinoue, aiaa?a/iua aeaoe, NIEAe – aio eeoue iaeioi?ua
ec i?iaeai, eioi?ua, neiaii oaie, “naiaiaeiay ethaiaue” a?inaao ia iaoa
iauanoai. Aei neo ii? iu iuoaeenue ai?ioueny eeoue n oaiueth, ii iu oae
e ia noiaee ?acaeyaeaoue naioth aeaaioth i?iaeaio, io eioi?ie oyiooueny
ana yoe oaie. Eaaeaeue /aeiaae no?aieoueny e ethaae, oae eae aac iaa
iaaiciiaeii /aeiaa/aneia n/anouea e ?iaeaeaiea aeecie. Naia eaeay
ethaae, eae aa?iiiey iaaeaeo ioaeneei e aeaineei ia/aeii, io?aaeaia ai
anae anaeaiiie. A oea?noaa ?anoaiee eee a oea?noaa aeeaioiuo ioiioaiey
“noi?oaia” iai?aaeaiu eneeth/eoaeueii ia aini?iecaiaenoai aeecie, e
oieueei eeoue ethaee iaeaaeatho iaia?aie/aiiie naiaiaeie i?iyaeyoue naie
/oanoaa a ethaae. Iiaeeeiiay naiaiaea, iaeiaei, iaiuneeia aac
ioaaonoaaiiinoe. Anee /aeiaae aue nicaeai aeey ethaae, naiaiaeiie io
ioaaonoaaiiinoe, oi neieueei aua “oaiae”, anaaiciiaeiuo i?iaeai e oaina
yoa ethaiaue a?ineo ia iaoa iauanoai? Yoo ioaaonoaaiiinoue iiaeii
iiiyoue a aeaoo aniaeoao.
Ai-ia?auo, iai iaiaoiaeeii noaoue iaeaaeaoaeai, eee “iineoaeai” enoeiiie
ethaae, aeaaiaea?iui ca naiaiaeo i?iyaeaiey /oanoa e oiathuei aeaaeaoue
niaie. *oi iiae?acoiaaaaony iiae enoeiiie ethaiaueth? Yoi ioithaeue ia
oa oece/aneay no?anoue, eioi?ay o?aaoao iaiaaeeaiiiai oaeiaeaoai?aiey.
Yiioeeiiaeueiia oaea/aiea iaeuecy iacaaoue ethaiaueth. Enoeiioth
ethaiaue iiaeii ii?aaeaeeoue eae iaaeaeeioth neeo, iauaaeeiythuoth aeaoo
eee aieaa ethaeae a aa?iiie/iia aaeeinoai. Iia i?iyaeyaony a iuneyo,
neiaao e aeaeao /aeiaaea, iai?aaeaiiuo ia aeaai ae?oaeo, aeaaea oeaiie
nianoaaiiiai “y”. Enoeiioth ethaiaue, iaeiaei, iaeuecy iiiyoue ec neia,
ec eiea eee a o/aaiii caaaaeaiee. A? iiaeii iiiyoue oieueei ia iniiaa
aeeciaiiiai iiuoa. ?iaeeoaee aaeioioee a ian aeeciue e ethaiaue. Oae,
ia?aoay iiuo na?aeoea aeaoae, iu oi?ie?oai naith niiniaiinoue
aini?eieiaoue e ioaeaaaoue enoeiioth ethaiaue. Ec na?aeoea ?aaaiea
iinoaiaiii ?acaeaathony ioiioaiey n a?aoueyie e nano?aie, e, a eiioea
eiioeia, ec yoeo ioiioaiee a ethaae aeieaeiu au?anoe c?aeua ee/iinoe,
niiniaiua noaoue enoeiiuie noi?oaaie e enoeiiuie ?iaeeoaeyie. Oniaoii
caaa?oay eaaeaeoth ec yoeo noaaeee, o?aaothueo io ian ia?aoiaea ia iiaue
o?iaaiue naiiioaea/e e neoaeaiey, iu iaeaieeaaai naith c?aeinoue, eiuie
neiaaie, ?acaeaaai a naaa niiniaiinoue ethaeoue ae?oaeo ethaeae,
caaioeoueny i ieo, auoiaey ca ?aiee nianoaaiiuo ioaeae e aeaeaiee.
Iineieueeo ethaiaue – yoi neea, iauaaeeiythuay ethaeae, oi ioi?aaiay
oi/ea ethaae – yoi aaeeinoai aioo?e /aeiaaea. Iu io/aoeeai i?eciaai a
naaa aeaa noi?iiu iaoaai nouanoaiaaiey. N iaeiie noi?iiu yoi iaoa oaei,
eiathuaa naie oece/aneea aeaeaiey, e, n ae?oaie noi?iiu – niaanoue, iaoe
aeooiaiua ea/anoaa e aeaeaiey, ninoaaeythuea iniiao iaoaai oa?aeoa?a.
Iaoe eo/oea ea/anoaa i?iyaeythony oiaaea, eiaaea iu aeaaeaai iaoeie
oece/aneeie aeaeaieyie.
Oaeaio iocueaioa i?iyaeyaony oieeaeueiui ia?acii, eiaaea ii aeaaeaao
eino?oiaioii. Eino?oiaio ia yaeyaony enoi/ieeii oaeaioa, ii oieueei
n?aaenoaii aai au?aaeaiey. Iiaeiaii yoiio, oaei /aeiaaea ia yaeyaony
enoi/ieeii ethaae, ii eeoue n?aaenoaii i?iyaeoue naie eo/oea ea/anoaa.
Ianoiyuee ioae/eia – yoi oio, eoi iaeaaeaao ea/anoaaie ioae/eiu, a ia
oieueei oaeii e iuooeaie. Oi aea naiia e a ioiioaiee aeaiueiu. Eiaaea
iaoe aeaenoaey eaeoo a ?ac?ac n iaoae niaanoueth, iiaeai ee iu oaaaeaoue
e ethaeoue naay? Oai aieaa, eiaaea niaanoue e oaei ia aaeeiu a /aeiaaea,
ii ia iiaeao ii-ianoiyuaio oaaaeaoue e ethaeoue ae?oaiai /aeiaaea.
Ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca acaeiiioiioaiey a ethaae ia iiaeao aini?eieiaoueny
oieueei eae caeii eee iauai?eiyoua ii?iu. Iai?ioea, /aeiaae aeieaeai
au?aaioaoue a naaa ioaaonoaaiiinoue iin?aaenoaii naiieiio?iey e
naiinoiyoaeueiiai ?aoaiey a iaoeo ioiioaieyo ni naiae niaanoueth.
A iaoai aeaeaeaiee aunoae oeaiiinoueth e ai?aeinoueth n/eoaaony
aaniethoiay /enoioa ethaae aei a?aea, a a a?aea – aaniethoiay
noi?oaeaneay aa?iinoue. A oaeeo naiueyo aeaoe ?iaeaeathony a /enoioa
iacaiyoiaiiuo /oanoa ?iaeeoaeae. Iiyoiio aoi?ie aniaeo ioaaonoaaiiinoe
eanaaony aeaoae. ?iaeeoaeueneay ethaiaue – iniiaa n/anouey e ai?aeinoe
aeaoae. Yoi ei?aiue eo aeecie. Iiyoiio, anee ?iaeeoaee ?acaiaeyony, oi
aeaoe /oanoaotho naay oae, aoaeoi ei?aiue, eee iniiaaiea eo aeecie auei
neiiaii e ?acaeoi ia /anoe. Iie oaeaea /oanoaotho naay neiiaiiuie e
?acaeouie aioo?aiia. Naiie aaaeiie ioaaonoaaiiinoueth ?iaeeoaeae
yaeyaony ia noieueei aiaoiyy caaioa i aeaoyo, eo caei?iauea, ieoaiee,
iaeaaeaea e o.ae. Naiia aeaaiia – yoi ia noieueei yeiiiie/aneay n?aaea,
a eioi?ie ?anooo aeaoe, a eaeea ioiioaiey ethaae eaaeao a iniiaa
ainieoaiey ?aaaiea. ?iaeeoaeyi iaiaoiaeeii ainieouaaoue naia aeeoy
enoeiiui nuiii eee aei/a?ueth, a?aoii eee nano?ie, enoeiiuie noi?oaaie e
enoeiiuie ?iaeeoaeyie, ia?acoeiauie e ioaaonoaaiiuie a?aaeaeaiaie naiaai
iauanoaa. Iiyoiio, naiuey – yoi oeiea, aaea o/eoaey – yoi ?iaeeoaee, a
i?aaeiao – 4 noa?u ethaae, eee, eae iu eo iacuaaai, noa?u na?aeoea
(aeaoe, a?aouey-nano?u, ioae-aeaia, ?iaeeoaee). Eae ?iaeeoaee iiaoo
o/eoue yoei aauai? Oieueei naiei i?eia?ii. Iiyoiio, aeaeaiea auoue
?iaeeoaeyie noaaeo /aeiaaea a iieiaeaiea o/eoaey e iaycuaaao aai auoue
ia?acoeiaie ee/iinoueth, ia?acoeiaui noi?oaii e ia?acoeiaui ?iaeeoaeai.
A naiuea iu onaaeaaai iaaeeaaeauea i?eioeeiu i?aanoaaiiiai iiaaaeaiey,
ninoaaeythuea iniiao acaeiiioiioaiee n ?iaeeoaeyie, a?aoueyie e
nano?aie, e o.ae. Yoeie ii?iaie iu, anoanoaaiii, aoaeai
?oeiaiaenoaiaaoueny a iauanoaa. Ianeieueei iu onaieee yoe o?iee a
naiuea, ianoieueei oniaoii neiaeeony iaoa aeeciue a iauanoaa a ea/anoaa
th?enoa, iaaeaaiaa, ieieno?a, i?aceaeaioa e o.ae. Oaeei ia?acii,
naiaeiay yoeea ia?acoao naiaai ?iaea ooiaeaiaio aeey nioeeaeueiie yoeee,
yoeee aeciana e yoeee iaaeainoaea?noaaiiiai iauaiey. I?iaeaia yeiiiieee
– yoi i?iaeaia ia aeaiaa e ia ?uii/iiai iaoaiecia, a oao ethaeae,
eioi?ua n/eoatho yoe aeaiueae. I?iaeaia ia?aciaaiey – yoi i?iaeaia ia
ca?ieaou i?aiiaeaaaoaeae, a ethaeae, caaeaenoaiaaiiuo a noa?a
ia?aciaaiey. I?iaeaia caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaa – yoi i?iaeaia ethaeae,
ninoaaeythueo caeiiu. Aeaaea naiua aeiaaeueiua ie?iaua e iauanoaaiiua
i?iaeaiu iaaiciiaeii ?aoeoue, ?anniao?eaay eeoue neiioiiu.
I?IAEAIU NAIAEIUO IOIIOAIEE
N?aaee i?iaeai, ?ani?ino?aieaoeony ii anaio ie?o – iieiaay
?aniouaiiinoue, ?acaiaeu (aieaa 70%), ?aceaae a naiueyo, i?anooiiinoue,
ei??oioeey, aeeiaieeci e ia?eiiaiey, caa?yciaiea ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu.
Anee ?aiaa yoe i?iaeaiu noiyee aeaaiui ia?acii ia?aae caiaaeiui ie?ii,
oi oaia?ue iie no?aieoaeueii ca?aaeatho ana eoeueoo?u, e ie iaeei ia?iae
ia cano?aoiaai io eo oeaoai?iiai aicaeaenoaey. Aie n oaiueth
aanniuneaiai, iiea ia ono?aiai i?aaeiao, a?inathuee yoo oaiue. *oiau
iaeoe i?e/eio yoie oaie, iaiaoiaeeii i?ineaaeeoue, aaea ia/aeenue ana
yoe i?iaeaiu. Iaoa iieieaiea i?iecioei io naieo ?iaeeoaeae, oa, a naith
i/a?aaeue, io naieo. Neiaii, ei?ie yoeo i?iaeai aeoaiei a enoi?ee. A
eaaeaeie eoeueoo?a nouanoaoao ii?aaeaeaiiia i?aaeaiea i eaeie-oi ?ieiaie
ioeaea ia ca?a /aeiaa/aneie enoi?ee, iiaeeyaoae ia ana iieieaiey,
aneaaenoaea /aai i?e?iaea /aeiaaea noaea eneaaeaiiie. Yoe i?aaeaiey –
naiaia?aciay eieeaeoeaiay iaiyoue /aeiaa/anoaa i oii, /oi neo/eeinue
eiaaea-oi aeaaiui-aeaaii. I/aaeaeii, /oi iaoa enoi?ey ia ia/aeanue n
ia?acoeiauo ee/iinoae, enoeiiuo noi?oaia, enoeiiuo ?iaeeoaeae, iiyoiio,
iie ia noiaee ia?aaeaoue naiei iioiieai o?aaeeoeee enoeiiie naiuee. Oae
oei ec iieieaiey a iieieaiea. Iu iino?ieee eoeueoo?o, a iniiaa eioi?ie
eaaeao eneaaeaiiua i?aaenoaaeaiey i acaeiiioiioaiee ioae/eiu e aeaiueiu.
Iiyoiio iiiaea nioeeieiae i?aaeinoa?aaatho oaoaeueiue enoiaea iaoae
enoi?ee. A Aa?aa?aea, e i?eia?o, i?aaeoi?aaeaeatho, /oi anee a ia?aca
aeecie ethaeae ia i?iecieaeoo ?aaeeeaeueiua eciaiaiey, oi e 2010 aiaeo
iu iiaeai iaeeaeaoue 1 ieeeea?ae AE* – eioeoee?iaaiiuo (ia anae Caiea 5
ieeeea?aeia /aeiaae). Ii anee iaoa iauanoai, e, iniaaiii nooaeai/anoai
niiaeao ia/aoue aeeoue, neaaeoy o?ai ioaaonoaaiiinoyi:
1. ia?aae niaanoueth;
2. ia?aae noi?oaii eee noi?oaie;
3. ia?aae aeaoueie,
noaa enoeiiuie ?iaeeoaeyie, enoeiiuie o/eoaeyie (oi anoue i?eia?ii
ia?acoeiaie ee/iinoe, noi?oaa e ?iaeeoaey), ia yoii iniiaaiee iie niiaoo
noaoue enoeiiuie eeaea?aie, iieuecothueieny i?eciaieai e oaaaeaieai a
iieeoeea, yeiiiieea, ia?aciaaiee e o.ae., oi neieueei ian/anoee e aaae
iu niiaeai i?aaeioa?aoeoue. Iu aa?ei, /oi aoaeouaa – ca oaeeie –
enoeiiuie ?iaeeoaeyie, enoeiiuie o/eoaeyie e enoeiiuie eeaea?aie. Iaoa
aeaeaeaiea, yaeyynue iaaeaeoia?iaeiie nooaeai/aneie i?aaiecaoeeae,
o/anoaoao a nicaeaiee iiaiai iai?aaeaiey a ie?iaie eoeueoo?a, iniiaie
eioi?ie noaiao /enoay ethaiaue, enoeiiay naiuey e caei?iaia iauanoai.
Ia/iai n a?aea. Caeiiii (iniiaiui caeiiii, ?aaoee?othuei naiaeii-a?a/iua
ioiioaiey, yaeyaony Naiaeiue eiaeaen ?O) i?eciaaony a?ae, caeeth/aiiue
oieueei a i?aaiao caiene aeoia a?aaeaeaineiai ninoiyiey (no. 1 NE ?O).
?inneeneea a?aaeaeaia, i?iaeeaathuea ca a?aieoeae, iiaoo caeeth/eoue
a?ae a ?inneeneeo eiinoeuenoaao. Yoi i?eioeeieaeueiia iieiaeaiea caeiia
icia/aao, /oi i?aaa e iaycaiiinoe noi?oaia ii?iaeaeaao oieueei a?ae,
caeeth/aiiue a i?aaiao CAANa. Aeaaea anee ioae/eia e aeaiueia iiiai eao
aeeaoo aianoa, ?anoyo aeaoae e aaaeoo niaianoiia oicyenoai, eo ioiioaiey
ia yaeythony caeiiiui a?aeii aac niioaaonoaothuae ?aaeno?aoeee.
Caeeth/aiea a?aea ii ?aeeaeiciui ia?yaeai oaeaea ia aea/ao ieeaeeo
i?aaiauo iineaaenoaee aeey noi?ii.
Oai ia iaiaa, iu ciaai, eiathony ia?u, i?iaeeaathuea niaianoii e, ii
eaeei-eeai i?e/eiai, ia niaoauea aeaeaoue ioiaoeo i ?aaeno?aoeee a?aea a
naieo ianii?oao. Aeaaea iiyaeaiea aeaoae, ii?ie ia canoaaeyao eo iaiyoue
naia ?aoaiea. I?aaiioiioaiey, auoaeathuea ec oaeiai “oaeoe/aneiai a?aea”
/anoe/ii iiaoo ?aaoee?iaaoueny ii?iaie naiaeiiai i?aaa. Ii oaeoo
niaianoiiai i?iaeeaaiey, aaaeaiey iauaai oicyenoaa e iaeioi?ui ae?oaei
ianoiyoaeuenoaai iiaoo auoue acuneaiu aeeiaiou ia niaea?aeaiea aeaoae,
i?eciaii i?aai ia aeeeoth ieiuaaeue, ia eiouanoai, ia?aoiaeyuaa a
ii?yaeea ianeaaeiaaiey.
Ii, a ioee/ea io caeiiiiai a?aea, aaea ana yoe acaeiiioiioaiey e eo
iineaaenoaey aicieeatho a neeo aai ?aaeno?aoeee, i?e ionoonoaee oaeiaie
iio?aaoaony onoaiiaeaiea ii?aaeaeaiiuo oaeoia, a oii /enea, aiciiaeii, e
a noaeaaiii ii?yaeea.
Aieueoa?: “A?ae – naiia aei?iaia nie?iaeua ethaeae, eiaaea niaeanea aeoo
e na?aeaoe, /oanoa, aeonia e oa?aeoa?ia noyaeaaao aai ocu, nicaeaiiua
i?e?iaeie, naycaiiua ethaiaueth e iaeaai?iaeaiiua /anoueth… Aaoe
aeaoe, ae?aaioeaiiue caeia, ?iaeaeaiiue io ethaae, neoaeao iiauie ocaie
aa”. Noi?oaeanoai — aaeeeee oaa aeey i?aia?aaeaiey /aeiaaea. A nithca
ioae/eiu e aeaiueiu anoue iaeia neaiciay ieoue. Yoi iieiia i?eiyoea
ae?oa ae?oaa. Oieueei i?e iaee/ee oa?ieiinoe, iiieiaiey, anai?iuathuae
ethaae iiaoo ?ane?uoueny ana caeiaeaiiua a /aeiaaea aiciiaeiinoe,
oieueei i?e yoii eaaeaeue ec noi?oaia iiaeao iieiinoueth aiieioeoueny
eae ee/iinoue.
Aeaeaein Iaeoaee, i?ioanni? eeeie/aneie ineoieiaee a Oieaa?neoaoa
Eea?ea, eioi?ue 20 eao i?iaiaeee aiaeec iiaaaeaiey e oniaoia a ?acaeoee
iaeaiueeeo aeaoae, aiai?eo: “Eo/oea aeaoe oa, eioi?ua /oanoaotho oaieia
ioiioaiea naieo ?iaeeoaeae ia oieueei ii ioiioaieth e iei, ii e ii
ioiioaieth ae?oa e ae?oao”.
*oi aea ociatho yoe n/anoeeaua aeaoe? Iaeioi?ua nieea?u ai a?aiy
eiioa?aioeee “Oniaoiua a?aee/n/anoeeaua naiuee” i?aaeeiaeeee oaeea
ioaaou ia yoio aii?in. Iaeei i/aaeaeiue o?ie a oii, /oi ae?oaeaa
i?iaa?yaony a?aiaiai. ?iaeeoaee iiaoo yoiio iao/eoue ia nianoaaiiii
i?eia?a, anee aoaeoo i?iaiaeeoue ae?oa n ae?oaii ianeieueei /ania ?ac a
iaaeaeth, ?ac a ianyoe – eae niiaoo. Iie oaeaea iiaoo aaeaaeiaaii
iauaoueny ae?oa n ae?oaii ii oaeaoiio, inoaaeyoue caienee.
“Noi?oaeaneea ia?u oaeaea iiaoo iieacaoue, /oi enoeiiua ae?ocuey
caaioyony ia eioa?anao ae?oa ae?oaa”, – aiai?eo i?ioanni? Oieaa?neoaoa
Iaineeueaaiee Eoeca Aa?ie. Iia aniiieiaao, /oi eiaaea aa aeaoe auee
iaeaiueeeie, o ieo ec aeiia oeaoae iiioaae. Aa ioae, aeaey, eae iia
?anno?ieeanue, oaeii naiai?eeny n aeaoueie eoieoue ae iiaiai iiioaay.
Iieo/eeny ia oieueei o?ie ae?oaeau, neooaoeey iaiiiieea aeaoyi, /oi eo
oaeaea ia a?inyo a o?oaeiie neooaoeee.
Anee noi?oae iiiu?ytho oaea/aiey e ano?a/e n ae?ocueyie aia aeiia, yoi
aiai?eo aeaoyi i oii, /oi iiaeii e a naiuea ia oo?aoeoue naith
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiinoue.
Naiia aeaaiia, ia?u aeaiiino?e?otho, eae ?ac?aoaoue aioo?enaiaeiua
eiioeeeou.
Oiiua noi?oae naiei i?eia?ii o/ao naieo aeaoae, /oi eo/oa ?anni?ineoue
/aeiaaea, n eioi?ui o aan ?aciiaeaney, /ai no?ieoue i?aaeiieiaeaiey,
n?aaieaaoue n ae?oaeie eee iieaaaoueny ia naia nianoaaiiia noaeaeaiea. N
iiiiuueth eiaeee, iie euoo eiii?iienn, noa?aynue ia iaeaeaoue ie iaeio
ec noi?ii. Iie iieacuaatho, eae ioaeii naea?aeeaaoue aiaa, eae ia?aianoe
nii? ia iioii, anee yoi iaiaoiaeeii.
Iiieiay yoi, iiiaea naiaeiua ineoieiae, nioeeieiae, iaaeaaiae,
aeooiaainoai, iauanoaaiiua i?aaiecaoeee e iieeoe/aneea aeayoaee
iuoathony i?aaeioa?aoeoue e?ecen naiuee, eioi?ue i?eaiaeeo e iai?i/iui
a?aeai e, a eiia/iii eoiaa, e ?acaiaeo. Nae/an ai anai ie?a iaiaoeeanue
oaiaeaioeey a iaeanoe naiaeiuo enneaaeiaaiee. Enneaaeiaaoaee iaia?oaeeee
iauea /a?ou a iiaaaeaiee, i?eaiaeyuea e aeenaa?iiiee naiaeiie aeecie, e
eniieuecotho yoo eioi?iaoeeth a i?ia?aiiao i?aaeioa?auaiey eiioeeeoiuo
neooaoeee a naiuea. Naiaeiua ineoieiae, aeooiaainoai e iauanoaaiiua
aeayoaee aaiaeyo i?ia?aiiu a oeieao e oea?eayo.
Aieaa oiai, i?aaeoaeuenoaa, ca/anooth inoathuaany a ioaaoa ca
aaaenoaaiiia iieiaeaiea naiae, i?eieiatho caeiiu, iaycuaathuea noi?oaia
i?eaaaaoue e ?acaiaeo eae e e?aeiaio n?aaenoao ?ac?aoaiey eiioeeeoiuo
neooaoeee, a oaeaea i?aaeea ?aaeno?aoeee a?aea, ii eioi?ui aeaeathuea
ca?aaeno?e?iaaoueny aeieaeiu i?ieoe iiaeaioiaeoaeueiue eo?n.
Ioaaonoaaiiue iiaeoiae e auoiaeo ec e?ecena caeeth/aaony a i?eiyoee
i?aaaioeaiuo ia? ia aaca nia?aiaiiuo enneaaeiaaiee naiuee, aeathuee
eeth/ e aeinoeaeaieth aa?iiiee eae noi?oaai, oae e aeaeathuei anooieoue
a a?ae. Ia ii?iaa XXI noieaoey caueoa a?aea e naiuee noaiiaeony aeey
iieeoeeia ia?ainoaiaiiie caaea/ae a nicaeaiee yoe/anee caei?iaiai e
i?ioeaaoathuaai iauanoaa.
CAEETH*AIEA
*oi yaeyaony naiui aeaaiui, /oiau a?ae noae i?i/iaa e ?iiaioe/iaa?
Niaeanii iineaaeiei aeaiiui, ia?u, a?ae eioi?uo oaeaeny, e noi?oae noaee
aeaenoaeoaeueii aeecee ae?oa ae?oao, aiana ia no?aiyony i?iaiaeeoue
aianoa ana aa/a?a e auoiaeiua aeie. Iie i?inoi auaatho aianoa a ?aciia
a?aiy, ano?a/aynue eiiaaea anaai ia iyoue ieioo, ii yoe ano?a/e i?eiinyo
?aaeinoue.
Iauaecaanoiu oaeou, naeaeaoaeuenoaothuea i ?inoa eiee/anoaa ?acaiaeia,
aeoaieii e?ecena einoeoooa naiuee e nieaeaiee ?iaeaeaaiinoe. Aieaa oiai,
naiaeiua i?iaeaiu oaaee/eaatho ?ene aicieeiiaaiey aeooaaiuo e oece/aneeo
iaaeoaia eae o ac?ineuo, oae e o aeaoae. I?iaeaiu e iai?yaeaiiinoue a
naiueyo aeeytho ia anao ian. O?oaeii inii?eoue oi, /oi iiiaea aaaeu
iauanoaa ooiaeyo ei?iyie e iaaaoeaiui oaeoi?ai, ii?iaeaeaiiui
noi?oaeaneeie eiioeeeoaie e ?acaaeii naiae.
EEOA?AOO?A
Eiinoeoooeey ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee 1993.
Eiaeaen i a?aea e naiuea. (Aeaenoaothuay ?aaeaeoeey).
Ia/aaaa. A. I. A?ae. Naiuey. Caeii I., 1984
Niaaoneia naiaeiia i?aai: O/aaiee / Iiae ?aae. ?enaioeaaa. A. A. I.,
1982.
TH?eaee/aneee neiaa?ue-ni?aai/iee aeey ianaeaiey I., 1982.
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