AIEAIA?AAeNEAss AEAAeAIEss AINOAeA?NOAAIIIE NEOAEAU I?E I?ACEAeAIOA
?INNEENEIE OAAeA?AOeEE
EAOAAe?A NIOeEIEIAEE E INEOIEIAEE OI?AAEAIEss
EIIO?IEUeIAss ?AAIOA II EO?NO “AeAIIA?AOEss”, AA?EAIO ? 1
AUIIEIEEA: NOOAeAIOEA A?OIIU OC-404
Cieioiaa?oiaa I.A.
I?IAA?EEA : EIAAEAIEI I.A.
a. AIEAIA?AAe, 1999
Aiai?y i aeiaaeueiuo i?iaeaiao /aeiaa/anoaa, ia/eiaoue ioaeii n
aeaiia?aoe/aneie, eai n ?inoii ianaeaiey naycuaathony e yeiiiie/aneea,
yeieiae/aneea, e nioeeaeueiua oa?aeoa?enoeee, n iei naycuaathony e
naie ia?niaeoeau /aeiaa/anoaa. Nae/an ianaeaiea caiiiai oa?a eaaeaeoth
naeoiaeo oaaee/eaaaony ia 3 /aeiaaea, o.a. ia 90 iei. a aiae. A
iineaaeothuea aeaa aeanyoeeaoey eiee/anoai aeeoaeae ia Caiea aeinoeaiao
8 ie?ae. Iinea yoiai i?e?in ianaeaiey caiaaeeeony, e a ia?niaeoeaa,
i?eaeeceoaeueii e 2010 aiaeo, aai /eneaiiinoue noaaeeece?oaony.
O?aae/aneia naeaeaoaeuenoai aaaeiinoe – aeaoneay nia?oiinoue. Aei neo
ii? a 34 ?acaeaathueony no?aiao ec eaaeaeuo 10 aeaoae iaeei – aeaa
oie?atho, ia aeinoeaioa 5- eaoiaai aic?anoa.
Oai ia iaiaa ethaee nae/an aeeaoo aeieueoa, /ai eiaaea – eeai.
Aeiaaeueiay i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue aeecie aic?inea n 56,7 a 1970-75 a-o
aei 61,5 aiaea a 1985 – 90-o aiaeao, a n?aaeiai 71 ?aaaiie ec 1000
oie?aao aei 5 eao. A oi aea a?aiy a Eaoeineie Aia?eea
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue aeecie eeoue 66 eao, a THaeiie Acee – 57, a a
Ao?eea – oieueei 52 aiaea.
Yoio i?ia?ann a iniiaiii aeinoeaioo ca n/ao i?iiuoeaiii ?acaeouo no?ai,
aaea i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue aeecie aic?inea aei 74 eao e oieueei 9 aeaoae
ec 1000 oie?aao aei 5 eao.
Iauea oaiaeaioeee a ie?a oaeiau :
1. Iaeioi?ua ec i?iiuoeaiii iaiaa ?acaeouo no?ai aua eiatho
ioiineoaeueii aunieea o?iaie nia?oiinoe e aua aieaa aunieea o?iaie
?iaeaeaaiinoe. Eo oaiiu i?e?inoa /eneaiiinoe ianaeaiey ninaaeytho 2-3% a
aiae e iiaoo aua aieaa aic?anoaoue i?e nieaeaiee nia?oiinoe.
2. No?aiu ni n?aaeiei o?iaiai ?acaeoey i?iiuoeaiiinoe iau/ii
oa?aeoa?ecothony ieceie nia?oiinoueth i?e ana aua aunieie, ooioy e
nieaeathuaeny ?iaeaeaaiinoe. Oaiiu i?e?inoa /eneaiiinoe ianaeaiey a yoeo
no?aiao eieaaeaony io n?aaeieo aei aunieeo ( 1-4 % a aiae.)
3. Aeey aieueoeinoaa no?ai n auniei?acaeoie i?iiuoeaiiinoueth oa?aeoa?iu
ieceay nia?oiinoue, ieceay ?iaeaeaaiinoue e iaaunieea oaiiu i?e?inoa (
iaiaa 1% a aiae). A iaeioi?uo aa?iiaeneeo no?aiao o?iaaiue ?iaeaeaaiinoe
naaiaeiy ieaea o?iaiy nia?oiinoe,oae /oi ianaeaiea yoeo no?ai iaaeeaiii
nie?auaaony.
A ?acaeoee oaiaeaioeee nouanoaotho aieueoea ?acee/ey. Iai?eia?, a 1990
aiaeo aeaa ?aaeiia Naaa?iay Ao?eee e ssiiiee, Aano?aeee e Iiaie
Caeaiaeee ( yoe ?aeiiu aa?oony aianoa) – eiaee ii 140 iei. aeeoaeae.
Ianaeaiea ssiiiee, Aano?aeee e Iiaie Caeaiaeee, aa?iyii, noaaeeece?oaony
i?eia?ii ia yoii o?iaia, ii ianaeaiea Naaa?iie Ao?eee iiaeao eaaei
oo?ieoueny oaea e 2050 aiaeo.
?aaeiiaeueiue i?iaiiciue aiaeec auyaeyao aeoeiiua aiaeaioeee. A
?acaeaathueony no?aiao iaeeaeaaony cia/eoaeueiia nieaeaiea
?iaeaeaaiinoe, ii e?aeiae ia?a a aeeaeaeoai aoaeouai.
A ?acaeouo no?aiao, aaea aeaiueiu aeeao ieiei 80 ea, noaiiaeony
?aoathuei aii?in i aa?oiai i?aaeaea /aeiaa/aneie aeecie, e a?aoiaiou
aeey i?iaiicia caaenyo io yoiai.
A ea/anoaa iaaieueoie eioi?iaoeee oioaeinue au i?eaanoe neaaeothuoth
oaaeeoeo:
ianaeaiea ie?a ii ?aaeiiai
1995 aiae e i?iaiicu ia aoaeouaa
( 2010 e 2020 a.a., a oun. /aeiaae)
?AAEII 1995 a. 2010 a. 2020 a.
Acey 3246600 3934703 4360221
Ao?eea 878323 1290745 1638261
Aa?iia 502254 526848 528823
Eaoeineay Aia-?eea e no?aiu Ea?eaneiai aan-naeia 481365 586262
651163
Ieaaiey (aee. Aano?aeeth) 28680 34102 37369
Naa. Aia?eea 292375 333218 360820
Auao. NNN? 297508 320844 335119
Aanue ie? 5734106 7026729 7911776
Aeaiiay oaaeeoea auea ninoaaeaia ii aeaiiui Ath?i ia?aiene ianaeaiey
Ieienoa?noaa oi?aiaee NOA. *enei no?iee “Aanue ie?” iiaeao auoue ia
?aaii iauae noiia anao inoaeueiuo ec-ca ie?oaeaiee e eneeth/aiey ec
?anniio?aiiuo iaeioi?uo inaaaeiiaoeeiiaeueiuo aaeeinoa.
Iuiaoiyy aeaiia?aoe/aneay neooaoeey a ?innee ioeaieaaaony
niaoeeaeenoaie eae eaoano?ioe/aneay. A ?innee onoaiiaeeny oei
aini?iecaiaenoaa ianaeaiey, oa?aeoa?iue oieueei aeey aeieai aiththueo
no?ai : naa?oaunieay nia?oiinoue – naa?oieceay ?iaeaeaaiinoue. N 1992
aiaea i?iecioei nea/eiia?aciia oaaee/aiea /enea oia?oeo (aia?aua iinea
aieiu) i?aauneei /enei ?iaeeaoeony : ii ooi/iaiiui aeaiiui Aineiinoaoa,
a iiya?a – ia 4000, a aeaeaa?a 1991 aiaea – ia 12000, a 1992 – ia 207
ouny/, a 1993 – ia 737, 7 ouny/e, a 1994 – ia 869,7 ouny/e, a 1995 – ia
831, 9 ouny/e /aeiaae, a 1996 – ia 824, 5 ouny/e /aeiaae.
Eiyooeoeeaio aeaiiioeyoeee, au?aaeathuee i?aauoaiea aaniethoiuo
iieacaoaeae nia?oiinoe iaae o?iaiai ?iaeaeaaiinoe, aic?in n 1,1 a 1992
aiaeo aei 1,6 a 1996 aiaeo. A ?acoeueoaoa nie?auaiea iauae /eneaiiinoe
ianaeaiey auei iaeaieueoei ca ia?eiae n 1992 ii 1996 aiaeu.
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996
Eciaiaiea /eneaiiinoe ianaeaiey, oun. /ae. – 30,9 -307,6 -59,7 -329,7
-475,0
a o./. ca n/ao anoanoaai-iie oauee -207,0 -737,7 -869,7 -831,9 -824,5
iea?aoeeiiiiai i?e?inoa 176,1 430,1 810,0 502,2 349,5
Aeey aeaiia?aoe/aneiai ?acaeoey ?innee aaaeiu ia noieueei naie
oaiaeaioeee eciaiaiey ?iaeaeaaiinoe, neieueei aucuaaaiua eie
iineaaenoaey. Ai- ia?auo, neiiai neiaeeaoeeny noa?aioei
aeaiia?aoe/aneiai iiaaaeaiey e ia/aeanue anoanoaaiiay oaueue,
ninoaaeaoay oaea a 1992-93 aiaeao aieaa 900 ouny/ /aeiaae. Ai – aoi?uo,
aeaiiioeyoeey ioaaouaaao ia oieueei oeaio?aeueiiaa?iiaeneea, o?aeueneea
?aaeiiu, ii e Neae?ue e Aeaeueiee Ainoie. A- o?aoueeo, iaeaieaa neeueii
aeaiiioeyoeeiiiua i?ioeannu caoaaouaatho ei?aiiia ianaeaiea no?aiu. A –
/aoaa?ouo, auno?aa i?ioaeatho i?ioeannu noa?aiey ianaeaiey, nicaeathuea
oa?ico ?ai?iaeoeoeaiiio iioaioeeaeo ianaeaiey.
Neooaoeey a ?innee o?aaoao iacaiaaeeeoaeueiie ?ac?aaioee e ?aaeecaoeee
niaoeeaeueiie aeaiia?aoe/aneie iieeoeee, iai?aaeaiiie ia auaeeaaiea
iaoeee. Aa oeaeue – i?aiaeieaiea iineaaenoaee nioeeaeueii –
yeiiiie/aneiai e?ecena aeey naiuee e aeaiia?aoe/aneeo i?ioeannia.
Aeaaiia ai anae yoie i?iaeaia ninoieo, iaeiaei, ia a auyniaiee oiai,
eiaaea iu a ?innee “iioa?yee aeaiia?aoeth”, oioy naycue n iuiaoiei
yeiiiie/aneei e nioeeaeueiui e?ecenii i/aaeaeia. Aeaaiia a oii, eaeei
ia?acii inoaiiaeoue auie?aiea e ainnoaiiaeoue caei?iauea e aeooaaiia
?aaiiaanea ?inneyi. Yoa i?iaeaia iineo iauaiaoeeiiaeueiue oa?aeoa? e
eanaaony anao, eoi icaai/ai noaeueaie ?innee.
Nia?aiaiiue i?iaiic ii ?innee ia 2000 e 2010 aiaea iiaeii aeaoue
oieueei ii aa?eaioai – io iioeiaeueiiai aei ianneienoe/aneiai e eiaiii
oae e aeaeaao Aineiinoao ?O ( ni. oaaeeoeo)
I?aaeiieiaeeoaeueiay /eneaiiinoue ianaeaiey aei 2010 aiaea, ii aeaiiui
Aineiinoaoa ( ia eiiaoe aiaea, oun. /ae)
Aiaeu I aa?eaio II aa?eaio III aa?eaio IV aa?eaio
Ana ianaeaiea
1996 147137 147137 147137 147137
2000 145602 145023 144153 145886
2005 143500 142252 139545 144860
2010 141017 139319 134668 143704
Ianaeaiea a o?oaeiniiniaiii aic?anoa
1996 84325 84325 82325 82325
2000 87131 86726 86726 87297
2005 89590 88721 88721 90335
2010 85941 84792 84792 87297
Aeaei a oii, /oi eaeao i?ioeann ?aceiai nie?auaiey ianaeaiey ?innee. IV
aa?eaio aeai a iaaeaaeaea ia neeueiue iea?aoeeiiiue i?e?ino, /oi
iaeiaa?iyoii. A ii o?ai iniiaiui aa?eaioai ianaeaiea nie?aoeony e eiioeo
2000 aiaea aei 145, 6 iei. /aeiaae ii iioeienoe/aneiio aa?eaioo, e 144
iei. – ii ianneienoe/aneiio ( 1996a. – 147 iei. /aeiaae).
“N?aaeiee” – 145, 0 iei. /aeiaae e eiioeo 2010 aiaea : niioaaonoaaiii
nie?aoeony aei 141 iei. ii iioeienoe/aneiio eee aei 134, 7 iei. – ii
ianneienoe/aneiio. “N?aaeiee” – 139,3 iei. /aeiaae.
A caeeth/aiea oai?aoe/aneie /anoe eiio?ieueiie ?aaiou oioaeinue au
i?eaanoe e?aoeea aeaiiua i aeaiia?aoe/aneie neooaoeee a Aieaia?aaeneie
iaeanoe ca i?ioaaeoee 1998 aiae e aeaiiua ioaeaea noaoenoeee
aaeieieno?aoeee Ee?ianeiai ?aeiia a. Aieaia?aaea.
A i?ioeii aiaeo ia oa??eoi?ee Aieaia?aaeneie iaeanoe iiyaeeinue ia naao
22 827 aeaoae – oaeea aeaiiua niaea?aeeo io/ao iaeanoiiai ioaeaea CAANa,
iiaeaioiaeaiiue aeey Ieienoa?noaa THnoeoeee. I?eia?ii o?aoue ec ieo
noaee aeeoaeyie a. Aieaia?aaea. Io?aaeii, /oi ii n?aaiaieth n
i?aaeuaeouei aiaeii ?iaeaeaaiinoue a iaeanoe iiauneeanue i?eia?ii ia 500
/aeiaae. Ii ?anoao, i?iaeieaeay ia/aeueioth ?inneeneoth oaiaeaioeeth, e
anoanoaaiiay oaueue ianaeaiey. a 1998 aiaeo nia?oiinoue a iaoae iaeanoe
aeinoeaea ioiaoee a 38 934 /aeiaaea. Ia aia/aoeyao e eiee/anoai
caeeth/aiiuo a?aeia – a i?ioeii aiaeo ca?aaeno?e?iaaea a?ae 15 721 ia?a
( a 1997 aiaeo – ia aeaa ouny/e aieueoa). ?aaioieee CAANa neeiiiu
aeaeaoue i?e/eio yoiai a oii, /oi ana aieueoaa eiee/anoai ianaeaiey
i?aaeii/eoaao a?aaeaeaineee a?ae.
A Ee?ianeii ?aeiia a 1998 aiaeo ?iaeeeinue 793 /aeiaaea, oia?ei 1446
/aeiaae. Ii n?aaiaieth n i?ioeui aiaeii, eiee/anoai ?iaeaeaiee e nia?oae
a ?aeiia inoaeinue ia i?aaeiai o?iaia. E niaeaeaieth, a iineaaeiea aiaeu
nia?oiinoue i?aauoaao ?iaeaeaaiinoue, e 1998 aiae ia aue eneeth/aieai.
Eiee/anoai nia?oae ieacaeinue a 1,8 ?aca aieueoa, /ai ?iaeaeaiee. A 1998
aiaeo a ?aeiia auei ca?aaeno?e?iaaii 545 a?aeia e 359 ?acaiaeia. Anee
n?aaieoue yoe oeeo?u n aeaiiuie ii 1997 aiaeo, oi ieaaeaony, /oi a 1998
eiee/anoai ?acaiaeia inoaeinue i?eia?ii oaeei aea, a aio /enei ia?,
anooieaoeo a a?ae, cia/eoaeueii oaaaeeinue – ia 170. Oaeei ia?acii,
a?yae ee a aeeaeaeoaa a?aiy iiaeii aoaeao iaeeaeaoue i?e?inoa ianaeaiey
a ?aeiia.
NIENIE ENIIEUeCIAAIIIE EEOA?AOO?U :
1. Niaeoi? A. Ioaeiu ee ?innee ?onneea ?// Iao nia?aiaiiee. 1998. – ? 3
2. Oi?aa A. I nia?aiaiiie aeaiia?aoe/aneie neooaoeee a ?innee// Aeeaeia.
1998. – ? 4
3. Oi?aa A. Aiaeec i?iaiiciuo ioeaiie ?inoa ie?iaiai ianaeaiey//
Aeeaeia. 1998. – ? 11
4. Iineianeee Eiiniiieaoe a Aieaia?aaea. 1999. – ? 4
5. Aanoiee Ee?ianeiai ?aeiia a. Aieaia?aaea. 1999. – ? 5
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