Ieai.
Aaaaeaiea.
2
Aeaaa 1. Oai?aoe/aneea iniiau aeayoaeueiinoe ?aeeaiiiai aaaionoaa. 4
§1. Iniiau ?aeeaiiiai aaaionoaa.
4
§2. No?oeoo?a ?aeeaiiiai aaaionoaa.
7
§3. I?ioeann nicaeaiey ?aeeaiu.
14
Aeaaa 2. Aiaeec aeayoaeueiinoe ?aeeaiiuo aaaionoa a ?anioaeeea
Eacaonoai.
22
§1. Oi?ie?iaaiea nia?aiaiiiai ?uiea ?aeeaiu a ?anioaeeee
Eacaonoai.
22
§2.?aeeaiiia aaaionoai “?ooa” (a. Ouieaio).
27
Caeeth/aiea.
34
Nienie eniieueciaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u.
38
Aaaaeaiea.
Nia?aiaiiue yoai ?acaeoey iaoae no?aiu ioee/aaony aeeiaieciii e
ea/anoaaiiuie eciaiaieyieai anao noa?ao iauanoaaiiie aeecie. I?ioeann
?aaeeeaeecaoeee, iaiiaeaiey e aeaiie?aoecaoeee cao?iioe ana aac
eneeth/aiey iieeoe/aneea, yeiiiie/aneea e nioeeaeueiua einoeooou.
I?ienoiaeeo ioeac io aaeieieno?aoeaii-eiiaiaeiie nenoaiu oi?aaeaiey
oicyenoaii, iiyoaiii ono?aiythony aeanoeia oeaio?aeeciaaiiia
ieaie?iaaiea e iiiiiieey ia aieueoeinoai aeaeia oicyenoaaiiie
aeayoaeueiinoe, i?eia?aoaaony aeaeinoue a yeiiiie/aneeo ioiioaieyo e
iaiaa?e?iaaiee eiathueieny ?ano?naie.
Ia/aeny ia?aoiae e ?uii/iie yeiiiieea. I?eiyou iaeaou caeiiia e
iinoaiiaeaiee, iai?aaeaiiuo ia ?acaeoea ?uii/iuo ioiioaiee, a oaeaea
noeioee?othueo e ?aaoee?othueo aeayoaeueiinoue i?aaiecaoeee e
i?aaei?eyoee, a oii /enea ai aiaoiayeiiiie/aneie noa?a.
A yoeo oneiaeyo aic?anoaao ?ieue ?aeeaiu, iniaaiii ia aiaoieo ?uieao.
I?eiyoue eo?n ia eioaineoeeaoeeth yeiiaiieee, oi?i/iaiea ?uii/iuo
i?eioeeiia, ino?ay iaiaoiaeeiinoue a ?aoaiee nioeeaeueiuo i?iaeai,
iiauoaiey ea/anoaa e ?annoe?aiee anni?oeiaioa auioneaaiie i?iaeoeoeee
iinoaaee a iaeanoe ?aeeaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe eiie?aoiua caaea/e.
?aaioathuei a iae niaoeeaeenoai iio?aaiaaeinue nouanoaaiii iiauneoue
naie i?ioanneiiaeueiue o?iaaiue, ?aoeoue iiiaea i?aaiecaoeeiiiua,
eaae?iaua e i?iecaiaenoaaiiua caaea/e, iaeoe iiaua yooaeoeaiua oi?iu
?aeeaiii-i?iiaaaiaeenoneie e eioi?iaoeeiiiie aeayoaeueiinoe.
?aeeaiiay aeayoaeueiinoue, iai?aaeaiiay ia aiaoiea ?uiee, i?eia?aoaao
iniaia cia/aiea a oneiaeyo aicieeiiaaiey ia oa??eoi?ee auaoaai NNN?
?yaea iacaaeneiuo ainoaea?noa. I/aaeaeia aeeiaieea ?acaeoey eo
acaeiiioiioaiee io ?aciaaeeaaiey e iaeaaeeaaieth yeiiiie/aneeo naycae
ae?oa n ae?oaii, /oi, ianiiiaiii, o?aaoao acaeiiiai ?aeeaiiiai
eioi?ie?iaaiey, i?eia?aoathuaai iaaeaeoia?iaeiue oa?aeoa?.
Ie?iaie ?uiie oa?aeoa?ecoaony oe?ieei anni?oeiaioii eiieo?e?othueo
oiaa?ia e i?aaeeiaeaiey ia ieo i?aauoaao ni?in. Iiyoiio iaoe yenii?oa?u
auioaeaeaiu ia oieueei eneaoue ia caiyoua eiieo?aioaie “ieoe”, ii e
eioaineoeoee?iaaoue naith ?aeeaiioth aeayoaeueiinoue, i?aaieciauaaoue e
i?iaiaeeoue eiiiaiee aieaa i?ioanneiiaeueii, oi?aaeyoue ?aeeaiiui
i?oeannii.
Oaeay neooaoeey o?aaoao i?aaiecaoeeiiii-oi?aaeai/aneie, oaoie/aneie e
oaoiieiae/aneie ia?ano?ieee nouanoaothuae ?aeeaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe,
iniaaiii ia i?aaei?eyoeyo, aeieaea aiaeu ?aaioathueo ia aioo?aiiee
?uiie, aaea i?eaueee e aeeeoaoo i?iaeaaoea e aneaaenoaea yoiai aeieaea
aiaeu ia ia?aoaee iiieiaiey oiai, /oi ?aeeaia iaiaoiaeeia e aeieaeia
auoue aeinoaoi/ii yooaeoeaiie.
Ia iiiaeo yenii?oiuo iaaei?eyoeyo aei neo ii? ionoonoaotho
iiae?acaeaeaiey ii eco/aieth ?uieia e ?aeeaia, a ?aeeaiiue i?ioeann
inouanoaeyaony ethaeueie, aeey eioi?uo yoa aeayoaeueiinoue ia yaeyaony
iniiaiie.
Iieiaeaiea, nicaeaaoaany n aiaoiayeiiiie/aneie ?aeeaiie, o?aaoao
eco/aiey aa ninoiyiey e aiciiaeiinoae iienea ?aca?aia, au?aaioee
iai?aaeaiee aeaeueiaeoaai ?acaeoey n oeaeueth ?anoe?aiey aeeaiaciia
?aeeaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe e nicaeaiey aeey iaa nia?aiaiiie aacu,
oaaee/aiey iauaiia e ea/anoaaiiiai oeo/oaiey oneoa ii enneaaeiaaieth
?uieia e i?aaiecaoeee ?aeeaiiuo eiiiaiee, iiauoaiey eo yooaeoeaiinoe.
Yoe caaea/e iiaooauoue ?anoe?aiu iooai nicaeaiey niioaaonoaothuae
nia?aiaiiiio o?iaith ?acaeoey iaaeaeoia?iaeiie ?aeeaiu nenoaiu
acaeiiaeaenoaey ?aeeaiiuo neoaea i?aaei?eyoee, auioneathueo yenii?oioth
i?iaeoeoeeth eee i?aaeeaaathueo ia yeni?o naie oneoae,
niaoeeaeece?iaaiiuo ?aeeaiiuo i?aaiecaoeee (aaaionoa), a oaeaea n?aaenoa
?ani?ino?aiaiey ?aeeaiiie eioi?iaoeee.
Ia?ano?ieea aiaoiayeiiiie/aneie ?aeeaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe ia/aeanue.
Oaia?ue ia yenii?oe?othueo i?aaei?eyoeyo e a io?aneyo oicyenoaa eaeao
i?ioeann nicaeaiey ?aeeaiiuo neoaea e i/aiue aaaeii iaaeaeeoue eo
niiniaiinoueth inouanoaeyoue naith aeayoaeueiinoue ia iniiaa iao/ii
iainiiaaiiuo iaoiaeia e ?acoeueoaoia enneaaeiaaiee oiaa?ia e ?uieia.
Aic?inea iio?aaiinoue a ?aeeaiiuo aaaionoaao, i?aaeinoaaeythueo iieiue
eiiieaen aunieiea/anoaaiiuo ?aeeaiiuo oneoa, a oaeaea a
eaaeeoeoee?iaaiiuo ?aeeaiiuo neoaeaao a n?aaenoaao ianniaie eioi?iaoeee.
Aeey aieaa iieiiai oaeiaeaoai?aiey ni?ina ca?oaaaeiuo iio?aaeoaeae ia
?aeeaiioth eioi?iaoeeth iiyaeeanue iaiaoiaeeiinoue oe?a i?eiaiyoue
n?aaenoaa, iaoiaeu e oi?iu ?aeeaiu, iaaeinoaoi/ii ?acaeoua a
ioa/anoaaiiie i?aeoeea. A /anoiinoe, o?aaothony: oeo/oaiea oiaeiaee
oiaa?ia e iiauoaiea aa eioi?iaoeaiinoe; ?acaeoea oneoa ii i?eiaiaieth
i?yiie ?aeeaiu, a oii /enea iooai ia?niiaeece?iaaiiie ii/oiaie ?annueee
?aeeaiiuo iaoa?eaeia; iiauoaiea yooaeoeaiinoe e ?anoe?aiea ianooaaia
eniieueciaaiey ia?oaeiie ?aeeaiu, aoaeeiaecoaeueiuo n?aaenoa. Ianoaei
a?aiy inouanoaeoue e?iiuethoa?ecaoeeth ?aeeaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe,
aeeth/eoueny a iaaeaeoia?iaeiua naoe eiiiuethoa?ece?iaaiiie ?aeeaiiie
aeayoaeueiinoe.
Oniaoii ?aoaoue iiiai/eneaiiua caaea/e a iaeanoe aiaoiayeiiiie/aneie
?aeeaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaenoaaeyaony aiciiaeiui eeuue i?e oneiaee
eco/aiey, iniuneaiey e a?aiioiiai i?eeiaeaiey a niaoeeoe/aneeo
ioa/anoaaiiuo oneiaeyo ia?iiiiai iiuoa, iaeiieaiiiai ca?oaaaeiuie
no?aiaie, a oii /enea a iaeanoe ?aeeaiu. Oai aieaa, /oi ie?iaie ?uiie
?aeeaiu a eiia/iii n/aoa yaeyaony oie n?aaeie, aaea ?aaeecoaony/
ioa/anoaaiiay aiaoiayeiiiie/aneay ?aeeaiiay aeayoaeueiinoue.
I?ioanneiiaeueiia aeaaeaiea nia?aiaiiuie n?aaenoaaie, iaoiaeaie e
oi?iae ?aeeaiu- aaaeiay ninoaaeythuay i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneie eoeueoo?u
niaoeeaeenoia aiaoiayeiiiie/aneie noa?u.
Aeaaa 1.Oai?aoe/aneea iniiau aeayoaeueiinoe ?aeeaiiiai
aaaionoaa.
?aeeaia- yoi aeae aeayoaeueiinoe eeai i?iecaaaeaiiay a aa ?acoeueoaoa
i?iaeoeoeey, oeaeueth eioi?iai yaeyaony ?aaeecaoeey nauoiauo eee ae?oaeo
caaea/ i?iuoeaiiuo, na?aeniuo i?aaei?eyoee e iauanoaaiiuo i?aaiecaoeee
iooai ?ani?ino?aiaiey iiea/aiiie eie eioi?iaoeee, noi?ioee?iaaiiie oaeei
ia?acii, /oiau ieacuaaoue oneeaiiia aicaeaenoaea ia ianniaia eee
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiia niciaiea, aucuaay caaeaiioth ?aaeoeeth aua?aiiie
iio?aaeoaeueneie aoaeeoi?ee.
Eae ciatho ana, eaaeaeue /aeiaae eiaao /oi-oi aeey i?aeaaee. Aeaaea
anee yoi oieueei oi/ea c?aiey. ?aeeaia- yoi niinia i?iaeaoue /oi oaiaeii
iaeaieaa oniaoiui ia?acii.
Ethaee eaaei aiaaeatho a caaeoaeaeaiea e /anoi ?aeeaiiia aeaei iooatho
n oai, /oi iii oaeoe/anee aeaeaao eae iin?aaeiee:
“?aeeaia- yoi nicaeaiea e ia?aaea/a i?aaenoaaeaiey i oiaa?a n oai,
/oiau iiaoaeeoue iio?aaeoaey eoieoue aai”.
Aeaaeae Aa?iooaei
“?aeeaia- yoi naiue aeaoaaue niinia iaeoe iieoiaoaey ia eaeie-oi
i?iaeoeo eee oneoae”.
Einoeooo niaoeeaeenoia ii ?aeeaia
“?aeeaia- yoi ia iaoea. Yoi oaaaeaeaiea. A oiaiea oaaaeaeaoue- yoi
eneonnoai”.
Aee Aa?iaao
Oaeei ia?acii au aeaeeoa, /oi ?aeeaia ii naiae neoe naycaia n
iiaaaeaieai /aeiaaea. Iia yaeyaony iaiaa oi/iie iaoeie, e a
aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe a iae i/aiue iiiai aca?oiie ea?u.?anniio?ei aea
oai?aoe/aneea aniaeou ?aeeaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe.
§1. Iniiau ?aeeaiiiai aaaionoaa.
Eae iu oaea ioia/aee, ?aeeaia ii naiae nooe i?aaenoaaeyao niaie nieaa
iaoee e eiooeoeee. Oniaoiay aeayoaeueiinoue ?aeeaiiiai aaaionoaa
caaeneo io yoeo aeaoo oaeoi?ia.Anee eiooeoeeth iauynieoue iaeuecy, oi a
noa?a iaoee nouanoaotho ii?aaeaeaiiua ia?aaioee. Ia iniiaa ieo aeey
oiai, /oiau ?aeeaiiay aeayoaeueiinoue auea yooaeoeaia, a niioaaonaee n
iao/iuie iaoiaeaie ?aeeaiiia aaaionoai aeieaeii ia iniiaa ?aeeaiiuo
oai?ee noi?ioee?iaaoue oeeinioeth e iieeoeeo naiae i?aaiecaoeee.
?aeeaiiua oai?ee. Aeey ia/eiathueo a noa?a ?aeeaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe
naioth nooue ioeee a neiaa e io/aeaiee Aeieoi? Naioee Aeaeiinii:
“Iaauaiea, iaauaiea iiiaiai- aeooa ?aeeaiu”.
N oao ii? auei iaiaei ae?oaeo, iiea, iaeiiaoe, ia aiciee Aeaaeae Iaeeae
n aai eieaie: “Nayuaiiia ienaiea aeey ?aeeaiiiai ie?a”.
A iniiaa yoie eieae eaaeao iniiaiua i?eioeeiu aeayoaeueiinoe iaienaiey
naiie ?aeeaiu, a oaeaea yooaeoeaiia i?iaaaeaiea ?aeeaiiie eiiiaiee. Aai
oai?eth iiaeii au?aceoue /a?ac ecaanoiua iiaiiieee: AEAEAe: “?aeeaia
i?eaeaeaao aaoa Aieiaiea, aucuaaao Eioa?an, aucuaaao AEaeaiea eiaoue yoo
aauue e canoaaeyao aan Aeaenoaiaaoue, oi anoue aaaeaoue e iieoiaoue aa
(anoue aua oaeie aa?eaio AEAEAe, eae AEAEOAe, aaea O- icia/aao
Oaaaeaeaiea, /oi aai aeaenoaeoaeueii iaiaoiaeeia yoa aauue)”. AIII:
“?aeeaia aeieaeia auoue Aeaeeiie (ana a iae aeieaeii i?eaeaeaoue e naaa
aieiaiea, aio ii/aio iau/ii au /oanoaoaoa oneeaiea caoea, eiaaea
ia/eiaao ?aaioaoue eiiia?/aneee eaiae), iia aeieaeia i/aiue iieii
Iienaoue oiaa? (/oiau ia caaeoiuaaeenue, /oi aea ca iaieoie aue, eioi?ui
iaeeee aa?iy ?aeeaiiiai ?ieeea), iia aeieaeia Iaauaoue auaiaeo- e ana
yoi aeieaeii auoue naeaeaii n iiaeeoiathuae I?inoioie”.
Iinea yoie eieae auei iiiai iiiuoie naycaoue ?aeeaio n oai?eae. Aiiaua
iiiuoee i?eaea/ue e ?aeeaiiiio aeaeo iaeioi?ua iao/iua aeenoeeieeiu
iaicia/atho neaaeothuaa:
a).?aeeaiiia aeaei nae/an- yoi i?eyoiue aecian, a eioi?ue noieo auoue
aiaea/aiiui;
a).ia?aae o/aiuie ioe?ueinue iiaia iiea aeayoaeueiinoe;
a).?aeeaiiia aeaei eiaao ana aua ia?iiiue iao/iue iioaioeeae a iaeanoe
enneaaeiaaiee iieeoeee nauoa.
Ianiio?y ie ia /oi, oai?aoe/aneea aueeaaeee ianoo ia naaa iaeio i/aiue
aaaeioth ooieoeeth: iie iiiiaatho ?aeeaiiiio aaaionoao oaaaeeoue
eeeaioa, /oi iii aeaenoaeoaeueii i/aiue oi?ioi ciaao, /oi aeaeaao.
Iaee/ea yoeo oai?ee aua ?ac aeieacuaaao oi, /oi anoue oiu, eioi?ua
oeaeeeii naay ioaeatho ?aeeaiiiio aeaeo, a ia oi, eae iiaeic?aaatho
iiiaea eeeaiou, /oi a eiaiaa ?aeeaiu canaea eo/ea iaiaiueeia e
yenoeaio?eeia, eioi?ua iaaeathony eae-ieaoaeue n Aiaeueae iiiiuueth
aeaeaaoue aia?aae ?aeeaiiue aecian.
Oeeinioey aaaionoaa. Ia iniiaa ?aeeaiiuo oai?ee ethaia ?aeeaiiia
aaaionoai no?ieo naith oeeinioeth, oi anoue iiaeoiae e ?aeeaiiiio aeaeo.
Iiae/ee ?aeeaiiiai aeciana aeieaeiu /aoei ciaoue, /oi oeaeue ?aeeaiiiai
aaaionoaa, eae yoi iiaeao iieacaoueny ia ia?aue acaeyae, yoi ia caaea/a
iieo/eoue eae iiaeii aieueoa aeaiaa a iaeiaiaa ei?ioeee n?ie. Au
aeieaeiu /aoei ciaoue, /oi oeeinioey aaaionoaa aeeth/aao a naay
neaaeothuaa:
a). eaeay ?aeeaia n oi/ee c?aiey aaaionoaa yaeyaony oi?ioae;
a).eaeie oiaa? n oi/ee c?aiey aaaionoaa yaeyaony oi?ioei;
a).eae, n oi/ee c?aiey aaaionoaa, aeieaeia nicaeaaaoueny oi?ioay
?aeeaia;
a).eae, n oi/ee c?aiey aaaionoaa, aeieaeai aanoenue aecian e
nicaeaaaoueny “eeoei” aaaionoaa;
ae)./oi aeaeaao aaaionoai eiieo?aioiiniiniaiui.
(Caiaoueoa, /oi ana yoi a eiioea eiioeia iieo/aiea iaeaieueoae i?eauee a
e?ao/aeoea n?iee.)
Iiiaea aaaionoaa ai?aeyony naiae oeeinioeae. Iiiai a?aiaie ooiaeeoia
oi, /oiau iooeeoiaaoue yoe oeeinioneea aeieo?eiu oaeei ia?acii, /oiau
eeeaio oaeaeae a ieo io?aaeaiea naieo acaeyaeia ia aecian.
Naii neiai “oeeinioey” i?aaeiieaaaao, /oi:
– iiiai i?ae?aniuo aeueo?oenoe/aneeo oiia caiyou nicaeaieai aaaeiuo
oai?aoe/aneeo aueeaaeie;
– ?aeeaiiui aaaionoaai i?enoua aaee/ea, eae anee au iie ?aeeaie?iaaee
naay;
– eaaeaeia ?aeeaiiia aaaionoai o?aieo ie?iaoth oaeio (oi anoue eae
i?iaeaoue eaeoth-oi a?oiaeo, eioi?ay ie/ai ia ioee/aaony io ae
iiaeiaiie, ii ii oeaia a aeaa ?aca aieaa aunieie).
Au aeieaeiu ciaoue, /oi iiiaea i?ioeaaoathuea aaaionoaa aicieeee aie?oa
oieueei iaeiiai “oeeinioneiai” iinooeaoa. Iiaeiaiua aaaionoaa noiaee n
ii?aaeaeaiiuie ooiaeaiaioaeenoneeie ?aeeaeyie, niiniaiui nie?ooeoue
ethaiai, ?anoiaeyuaainy n iei ai acaeyaeao.
Iai?eia?, aaaionoaa iiaoo i?aaciineoue aeia?iaeaoaee Oieeaeueiiai
I?aaeeiaeaiey ?aaeecaoeee (OI?). Yoi cia/eo, /oiueu aeiaeoueny caeanue
oniaoa, oiaa? aeieaeai a ei?ia ioee/aoueny io iiaeiaiuo aio, e ?aeeaia
aeieaeia oae iiae/a?eiooue aai eiaeeaeaeoaeueiinoue, /oi iio?aaeioaeth
n?aco aea caoi/aony eoieoue aai.
Ii au oaeaea aeieaeiu ciaoue, /oi nicaeaiea aaaionoaa, ?aaioathuaai ia
i?eioeeia ?aeeaiu OI? (oi anoue ?aeeaie?othuaai eaeia-oi iaeii
oieeaeueiia naienoai oiaa?a, ioee/athuaa aai io aio iiaeiaiuo), eiaao
naie iaaeinoaoee, oae eae:
a).ai?acaei eaa/a nicaeaoue ?aeeaioOI?, /ai oiaa?, iaeaaeathuee yoei
ea/anoaii;
a).iio?aaeoaee ?aaeei aaaeoo naay ?aoeeiiaeueii;
a).oiaa?, /uey ?aeeaia iino?iaia ia OI? (eeanne/anee, oieueei iaeii OI?
aeiioneaaony e ?aeeaie?iaaieth a iaeii e oi aea a?aiy), noaiiaeony
neo/iui.
Au oaeaea aeieaeiu ioiaoeoue aeey naay, /oi oai?ey OI? nouanoaiaaea
naia ii naaa aeieaia a?aiy, i?aaeaea, /ai iia noaea eiiiiiaioii
oeeinioee aaaionoaa.
Ciaiaieoue Eeiae Oiieeic, ?aaioaaoee a ia/aea aaea, oe?iei ei
iieueciaaeny. Ii i?inoi iacuaae yoi i?iaeaaeae.
Iacuaay aaue naieie eiaiaie, ana oeeinioee iiaoo auoue eaaeeoeoee?iaaiu
ii iaeiiio ec o?ao i?eioeeiia:
1). Aaaionoai ciaao eo/oa.
2). Iio?aaeoaeue ciaao eo/oa.
3). Eeeaio ciaao eo/oa.
Aaaionoaa, i?eaea?aeeaathueany ia?aiai iieiaeaiey, iau/ii iauaecaanoiu
eae ioee/iua oai?oeu. Aaaionoaa, /ueei e?aaei yaeyaony aoi?ia
iieiaeaiea, neaayony aieueoeie enneaaeiaaoaeueneeie ioaeaeaie,
i?iaiaeyueie oe?ieoth ?aaioo. Aaaionoaa, i?eaea?aeeaathueany o?aoueaai
iieiaeaiey, neiiythony aie?oa aea ieiei e oaeeaeythony, ii/aio ieeoi ia
oi/ao i?eciaaaoue eo.
Iacaaeneii io oiai, eaeeo aeiai iie i?eaea?aeeaathony, ethaee, caiyoua
a ?aeeaiiii aeciana, aeoaiei aioo?e oaa?aiu, /oi eo/oa anaai ana ciatho
iie. E ?aeeaiiia aeaei iiaei au noaoue oi?ioae ?aaioie, anee au ia
eeeaio, iio?aaeoaeue e Oi?aaeaiea ?aeeaiiuo Noaiaea?oia.
Iieeoeea aaaionoaa. Nicaeaiea oi?ioae ?aeeaiu- iieeoeea. Eae iieeoeee
iuoathony i?eieiaoue ?aoaiey, eioi?ua auetho ii iaeiaiueoaio /eneo
ethaeae, oae e aaaionoaa iuoathony nicaeaaaoue ?aeeaio, eioi?ay ia
?aci/a?iaaea au:
– eeeaioa,
– ae?oaeo eeeaioia,
– aaiee?ia aaaionoaa,
– oai?/aneee ioaeae,
– ethaia ae?oaia aieaa e?oiiia aaaionoai, eioi?ia iiaei au n ieie
nio?oaeie/aoue.
E a ?acoeueoaoa, eaaeaeiaeiaaioth aeeciue aioo?e nia?aiaiiiai aaaionoaa
iiaeii n?aaieoue, iiaeaeoe, n aeeciueth aeai?a a n?aaeiea aaea, eee n
aeeciueth ?eia i?e Ia?iia, eee n Aieeeaoaeii ia?aae ?acaea/ae i?ecia
Aeaaeaiee. Eiia/ii aea, iaeuecy ana a?aiy oaeiaeaoai?youe anao ethaeae,
ii aecian ?aeeaiiuo aaaionoa e ninoieo a oii, /oiau iuoaoueny aeaeaoue
yoi.
Ia iniiaa au?aaioaiiuo ?aeeaiiuie oai?eyie oeeinioee e iieeoeee
aaaionoa iiaeii no?ieoue no?oeoo?o i?aaiecaoeee, eioi?ay iiaea au
iiii/ue a aeinoeaeaiee iinoaaeaiiyo oeaeae. I?e yoii nouanoaoao
iiiaeanoai i?iaeoia iino?iaiey ?aeeaiiiai aaaionoaa, ii iu ?anniio?ei
no?oeoo?o caiaeiuo no?ai, eioi?ua eiatho ia?iiiue iiuo a yoie noa?a e
iaeaieaa iiaeoiaeyo e iaoae no?aia.
§2. No?oeoo?a ?aeeaiiiai
aaaionoaa.
Ia Caiaaea nouanoaotho ?aciiia?aciua i?aaiecaoeeiiiua noaiu ?aeeaiiuo
aaaionoa- niaoeeaeece?iaaiiua a oceeo iaeanoyo ?aeeaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe;
aeeaa?neoeoee?iaaiiua ia ?aciua aa iai?aaeaieyo; iieiina?aeniua,
i?aaeinoaaeythuea caeac/eeai aanue eiiieaen ?aaio a iaeanoe
ia?eaoeiaiauo eiiioieeaoeee. Oai ia iaiaa a aieueoeinoaa
i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo noainio?aiyaony iaeei e oio aea i?eioeei- ana ?aaiou n
eiie?aoiuie caeac/eeaie aaaeoony iaeiei niaoeeaeenoii. Aai iacuaatho
ioaaonoaaiiui eniieieoaeai i?iaeoa, eiioaeoi?ii, a?aiae-iaiaaeaea?ii,
anee ii inouanoaeyao ?aeeaio oe?iaiiiai oiaa?a. Yoio niaoeeaeeno
aeaaeaao eioi?iaoeeae i no?aoaae/aneeo ieaiao, aiciiaeiinoyo,
ia?niaeoeaao caeac/eea, aeaiiuie eiiutheoo?iiai, eiieo?aioiiai e
naaiaioaoeeiiiiai aiaeeca, iicaieythueie iao/ii-iainiiaaiii iiaeoiaeeoue
e ieaie?iaaieth, ?ac?aaioea e ?aaeecaoeee ?aeeaiiuo eiiiaiee. Eiioaeoi?
ee/ii ciaao ioaeiuo aio niaoeeaeenoia, ?aaioathueo ia oe?ia caeac/eea, e
iieuecoaony eo iieiui aeiaa?eai e iiaeaea?aeeie.
Oaeoth i?aaiecaoeeth ?aaio, i eioi?ie eaeao ?a/ue, aeaiiino?e?oao
aeinoaoi/ii oeie/iay aeey caiaaeiiai ?uiea noaia (ni. ?en.1).
I?aaiecaoeeiiii-oaoiieiae/aneay noaia ?aeeaiiiai aaaionoaa.
Eeeaio
Eiioaeoi?
Oai?/aneay I?iecaiaenoaaiiay A?oiia A?oiia
A?oiia
a?oiia a?oiia ii naycyi ni
ieaie?. enne.
n?aaenoaaie
?ani?ino?aiaiey
Nicaeaiea Nicaeaiea ?aeeaiu
oaenoia ?aeeaiiie i?i-
aeoeoeee (oioi- ?aciauaiea
a?aoee, i?eae- caeacia
Nicaeaiea iaeia, aeaeaieee-
iaeaoia iia e o.ae.)
ioi?ieaiey
?en.1.
Nio?oaeieee aaaionoaa. ?aniio?ei no?oeoo?o nio?oaeieeia ?aeeaiiiai
aaaionoaa, eo iaycaiiinoe e noa?o eo aeayoaeueiinoe.
1. Eiioaeoi?. Ii- eeth/aaay oeao?a a ?aeeaiiii aeciana. A oneiaeyo
oaeanoi/athuae eiieo?aioeee, eiaaea i/aiue o?oaeii iaeoe, a oai aieaa
oaea?aeaoue nieeaeiiai caeac/eea, eiaiii io eiioaeoi?a caaeneo oa?aeoa?
nio?oaeie/anoaa n iei- niioaiiue eee ieaie?oaiue,
oceiniaoeeaeece?iaaiiue eee eiiieaeniue, ia?aie/aiiue eee
oe?ieiianooaaiue, e?aoein?i/iue eee aeieaia?aiaiiue.
?aeeaiiiio aaaionoao e?aeia aaaeii, /oiau eiioaeoi?u iaeaaeaee iniauie
ea/anoaaie.
Ai-ia?auo, i?oanneiiaeeciii. E ia oieueei a naiai, ?aeeaiiii aeaea.
Eiioaeoi?o iaiaoiaeeii oaeaea ciaiea i?iaeai ?aeeiiaaeaoaey, oiaiea eo
i?iaiace?iaaoue e iia?aoeaii ?aoaoue, eniieuecoy aiciiaeiinoe ?aeeaiu.
I?ioanneiiaeueiue eiioaeoi? aucuaaao oaaaeaiea, ?aniieaaaao e aeiaa?eth.
Ai-aoi?uo, niiniaiinoueth oaeiaeaoai?eoue iaeeaeaiey ?aeeaiiaeaoaey.
I?aaieciauaaoue oaeoth ?aeeaiioth eaiiaieth, eioi?ay i?eianea au aai
oe?ia, ecaeaeeyi, oneoaai ecaanoiinoue, iaania/eea au ei onoie/eaue
nauo, i?eianea iuooeioth i?eaueue.
A-o?aoueeo, oiaieai iaeaaeeoue aeaeiaua nayce n caeac/eeaie. I/aaeaeii
ei?aiiia ioee/ea oaeeo naycae io o?aaeeoeeiiii eoeueoeae?iaaaoeony a
niaaoneii iauanoaa. Ia oaeaaeaiea oiai, io /ueeo aeaiaa caaeneo
?aeeaiiia aaaionoai, a iiaaaeaiea niaoeeaeenoa, ciathuaai naaa oeaio,
naie aunieee o?iaaiue. Anee i?aaenoaaeoaeue ?aeeaiiiai aaaionoaa aiaeeo
caeac/eea ii ?anoi?aiai, aeaeaao aio iiaea?ee, eae au iineaaeiaio ie
auei i?eyoii, ?aii eee iicaeii ii niioaaoeony, /oi yoi iayooaeoeaii
o?aoyony aai aea aeaiueae eee aeaiueae oaeeo aea eae ii caeac/eeia.
E?iia oiai, iaiea?aonoai aeaeaei io oaaaeaiey, eioi?ia i?e aeieain?i/iuo
eiioaeoao iau/ii acaeiii. Iiyoiio eiioaeoi?o iaei aeaaeaoue eneonnoaii
caaiaaaoue, ii aeieaeai aua oiaoue oeaieoue eeeaioa e aai iiaiea,
niio?aoue ia i?iaeaiu aai aeacaie.
A-/aoaa?ouo, ea/anoaaie, ?enoueie oi?ioei ?aaioieeai- oaea/aiea naiei
aeaeii, ouaoaeueiinoueth e aeeo?aoiinoueth, iia?aoeaiinoueth
?aaae?iaaiey, iai?aeeia?iui iuoeaieai, eiaeeie, niiniaiinoueth
nenoaiaoece?iaaoue naie o?oae e i?iaiace?iaaoue niauoey.
*oiau “auoue ia eiia”, eiioaeoi? ioneaaeeaaao neooaoeeth, iinoiyiii
niiauay, aiaeece?oy e eniieuecoy a naiae ?aaioa eioi?iaoeeth, i?yii eee
einaaiii eanathuothny ?aeeaiii-ia?eaoeiaiaie aeayoaeueiinoe eeeaioa,
nicaeaao e ?acaeaaao aaie aeaiiuo, iicaieythuee iainiiauaaoue,
ieaie?iaaoue e yooaeoeaii ?aaeeciauaaoue ?aeeaiiua ia?ii?eyoey.
A-iyouo, y?oaeeoeeae, oi?ioei aeonii, ciaieai oaoiieiaee ?aeeaiiiai
oai?/anoaa, niiniaiinoueth iiaeaea?aeeaaoue eiioaeou e aanoe
ieiaeioai?iua ia?aaiai?u n oai?/aneeie ethaeueie. Ana yoe ea/anoaa
iicaieytho eiioaeoi?o oniaoii nio?oaeie/aoue n oai?/aneei eiioeiaaioii,
aiai?eoue n iei, “ia iaeiii ycuea”, a?aoiaioe?iaaoue naie aeiaiaeu,
eneeth/eoue yeaiaiou “aeoniaueiu”.
A-oanouo, niiniaiinoueth aaia?e?iaaoue eaeae e eo caueuaoue,
aiaae?youe, i?iiaaaiaee?iaaoue. Eaeay, aei oiai, eaeaa aini?eiyee e
acyee ia aii?oaeaiea, ie/aai ia noieo. Oniao eiioaeoi?a ai iiiaii
caaeneo io oiai, noiaao ee ii “i?iaeaoue” eeeaioo naie eaeae, /oi
aeiaieueii o?oaeii naeaeaoue, ia iaeaaeay iaaueaie i?ioanneiiaeueiiai
eiiieaiyaea?a (naeeciaia).
A-naaeueiuo, niiniaiinoyie i?oanneiiaeueiiai eiiioieeaoi?a. Eiioaeoi?o
aeeciaiii iaiaoiaeeii oiaiea e?aoei, oi/ii, oaaaeeoaeueii eceaaaoue naie
iunee onoii eee ienueiaiii, i?aaenoaaeyoue aeaiiua a aeaea iaaeyaeiie
a?aoe/aneie eioi?iaoeee, ciaiea iniaaiiinoae e i?eaiia iaaeee/iinoiiai
iauaiey.
Aaciniiaaoaeueii aeoiaoue, /oi eiioaeoi? iaieaeaony a?iaeaeaiiie
eiiioieeaaaeueiinoueth. Iaiaoiaeeiua iaauee i?eia?aoathony oieueei
o?aieiaii. Ia Caiaaea, aaea oe?iu iinoiyiii o?aie?otho naie ia?niiae,
iaaeee/iinoiia iauaiea yaeyaony iaeiie ec iniiaiiaeaaathueo aeenoeeieei
a i?a?aiiao iao/aiey. Aeinoaoi/ii neacaoue, /oi iaaeiaoeeiiaeueiay
?aeeaiiay ei?ii?aoeey “Iaeeae yiae Iaeca? Oi?eaeaaeo” aaeaaiaeii
anneaioao ia aioo?eoe?iaiiua o?aieiae, a oii /enea eiioaeoi?ia, ieiei 2
iei. aeiee. I?e/ai yoa noiia ia aeeth/aao eiiaiaee?iai/iua ?anoiaeu
(ieoaiea, ainoeieoeo, i?iacae aei ianoa o?aieiaa e ia?aoii), eioi?ua
iiea/eaathony ioaeaeaieyie ei?ii?aoeee, iai?aaeythueie ia iao/aiea naieo
nio?oaeieeia. Oeacaiiua noiiu o?aoyony ia iiaeaioiaeo i?a?aii e o/aaiuo
iiniaee, iaania/aiea o?aieiaia aoaeei- e aeaeai-aiia?aoo?ie,
iaiaoiaeeiuie i?eiaaeeaaeiinoyie, a oaeaea ia iieaoo i?aiiaeaaaoaeae.
Caaea/a ea/anoaaiiiai ianeoaeeaaiey caeac/eea oneiaeiyaony, anee ii
ii?o/aao ?aeeaiiiio aaaionoao caieiaoueny ?aeeaiie a oa/aiea aeinoaoi/ii
aeeeoaeueiiai ia?eiaea iaeiia?aiaiii ia ianeieueeeo ?uieao (a ?acee/iuo
no?aiao, ?aaeiiao). Caeanue aiciiaeiu aeaa aa?eaioa: ?aeeaiiia aaaionoai
eniieuecoao naie oeeeaeu, anee iie anoue, eeai iiaeienuaaao niaeaoaiey n
ianoiuie aaaionoaaie. Ii a iaieo neo/ayo eiioaeoi? yaeyaony
eii?aeeie?othuei oeaio?ii e neaaeeo ca “i?eano?iaeie” ?aeeaiiuo eaiiaiee
e ?aeeaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe a oeaeii. A yoii neo/aa eeoea e i?aaiecaoeee,
o/anoaothuea a ?aeeaiiie eaiiaiee, ia?acii aiai?y, i?aaenoaaeytho niaie
“naiaeiue i?eano?”, a eioi?ii eaaeaeue eniieiyao naith /anoue ia naiai
eino?oiaioa e eiaao i?aai ia nianoaaiiua aa?eaoeee, ii a ?acoeueoaoa,
ana-oaee aeieaeia cao/aoue iaeiaeey, caaeaiiay aee?eaea?ii-eiioaeoi?ii.
A iaoai neo/aa yoa “iaeiaeey”- aunieii?ioanneiiaeueiia aiieiuaiea
?ac?aaioaiiie ?aeeaiiui aaaionoaii e ooaa?aeaeaiiie ?aeeaiiaeaoaeai
eiioeaioeee ?aeeaiiie eaiiaiee.
Eiaaea oe?ieiianooaaiua eaiiaiee, aeeth/athuea ?aciua aeaeu, n?aaenoaa
e eniieuecothuea ?acee/iua oi?iu e iaoiaeu ?aeeaiu, i?iaiaeyony ia
?uieao, ioee/athueony ae?oa io ae?oaa ia?eaoeiaiaie yeieiaeae, eiioaeoi?
e noaiiaeony “aee?eaea?ii”, neaaeyuei, /oiau eaaeaeia ?aeeaiiia
aeaenoaea auei oeaeaniia?aciui, iauea ?anoiaeu ieieiaeueiuie. Aio
i?eoiaeeony iaania/eaaoue niaethaeaiea aaia?aeueiie eeiee ?aeeaiiie
eaiiaiee (a /anoiinoe, noi?ioee?iaaiiie a eiioeaioeee no?aoaaee
eniieueciaaiey aeaeia e n?aaenoa ?aeeaiu, oieoeeaoeeae aecoaeueiiai e
oaenoiaiai i?aaenoaaeaiey ?aeeaiiie eioi?iaoeee e ?aeeaiiie eaeae), a
oaeaea iiaeaea?aeeaaoue iioeiaeueiue o?iaaiue oeaio?aeecaoeee oi?aaeaiey
?aeeaiiie aeayoaeueiinoueth.
Oaia?ue ?anniio?ei ae?oaeo nio?oaeieeia aaaionoaa, o/anoaothueo a
iaania/aiee ?aeeaiiie eaiiaiee i?yii eee einaaiii. Eo ?aaioa oaeaea
aaaeia a iaania/aiee yooaeoeaiie aeayoaeueiinoe ?aeeaiiiai aaaionoaa.
2. Aooaaeoa?u. Oi?ioaa i?noia iacaaiea, a ii?aaeaeaiiie noaiaie
ooaa?aeeoaeueiia (“ss aaaeath n/aoaie”). Ethaee, aaaeouea ?an/aou ii
n/aoai, ?aiaa auee ecaanoiu, eae naiua eiiioieeaaaeueiua ethaeo, oae eae
oeaeuie aeiyie iie ?aaioaee n eeeaioaie, nae/an aea eo iacuaatho- “aaeua
ai?ioie/ee”. A eiiaaea aeaaea eae “ionoua aaeua ai?ioie/ee”. Nae/an a eo
iaycaiiinoe e?iia aaaeaiey n/aoia aoiaeeo- ?acuyniyoue eeeaioai oi/eo
c?aiey aaaionoaa, e aaaionoao- oi/eo c?aiey eeeaioa. Aooaaeoa?u aeieaeiu
ciaoue iiiaia- ia?eaoeia, iin?aaeie/anoai, ieaie?iaaiea e aeaaea oi, /oi
aeaeatho ?aaioieee oai?/aneiai ioaeaea.
3. Oai?/aneea ?aaioieee. Ooaeiaeanoaaiiua aee?aeoi?a oai?aoe/anee
aeieaeiu ioaa/aoue ca aecoaeueiue aniaeo (oi anoue ca ioi?ieaiea)
?aeeaiiiai iaueyaeaiey eee ?aeeaiiiai ?ieeea. A aeecie aea
ooaeiaeanoaaiiua aee?aeoi?a ?oeiaiaeyo i?aeoe/anee anai: eaiiaieae,
n/aoaie, eiiia?/aneeie ia?aaea/aie, aaaionoaii, eeeaioii e ee/iie
aeeciueth ethaiai, eiai iin/eoatho i?eaeaeaoaeueiui eee caaaaiui, eee e
oi e ae?oaia. Ethaee ?aeeaiu ioiinyony n i?aoaaee/aiiui oaaaeaieai e
ooaeiaeanoaaiiiio aee?aeoi?o, iioiio /oi iie n/eoatho, /oi:
a). ethaee eneonnoaa iiaoo aiia?aceoue e iiiyoue ia?niaeoeao;
a). ooaeiaeanoaaiiua aee?aeoi?a- ethaee eneonnoaa;
a). iiyoiio ooaeiaeanoaaiiua aee?aeoi?a iiaoo aiia?aceoue e iiiyoue
ia?niaeoeao.
4. Oe?aaeenou. Ai iiiaeo ioiioaieyo ?aaioa oe?aaeenoia- naiay o?oaeiay.
Oai?aoe/anee, oe?aaeenou ioaa/atho ca oa neiaa, eioi?ua iiyaeythony a
?aeeaia, eee ca aeeieiae a eiiia?/aneeo ?ieeeao. Iie aeieaeiu oaeaea
i?eaeoiuaaoue yoe ?acae?aaeathuea anao y?euee eee i?ecuau, aac eioi?uo
ie iaeia ?aeeaia ia n/eoaaony caeii/aiiie. Oe?aaeenou yaeythony oi?ioeie
ooaeiaeieeaie.
5. Oai?/aneee aee?aeoi?. Oai?/aneee aee?aeoi? ?oeiaiaeeo oai?/aneei
ioaeaeii, a /anoi e anai aaaionoaii. A aai iaycaiiinoe aoiaeeo
ieaie?iaaiea, ?oeiaiaenoai e eiio?ieue ca aeayoaeueiinoueth ii
?ac?aaioea ?aeeaiiie eaiiaiee eee ?aeeaiiiai ?ieeea, oi anoue ca
i?iecaiaenoaaiiie ?aaioie aaaionoaa ii auioneo ?aeeaiu.
6. Ieaiiaeee. A i?ioeua a?aiaia a eo/oeo ?aeeaiiuo aaaionoaao auee
iaeaiueeea ioaeaeu, eioi?ua aaee ?aaiou ii eco/aieth ?uiea. Naaiaeiy a
eo/oeo aaaionoaao anoue ieaiiaeee. Eo ooieoeeiiaeueiua iaycaiiinoe oa
aea naiua- iie nouanoaotho, /oiau:
a). ia iniiaa aiaeeca ?uiea oiai eee eiiai i?iaeoeoa eee oneoae eeeaioa
i?aaeeaaaoue ii?aaeaeaiioth oe?eio ioaaoa, /anoioo iiyaeaiey e neeo
aicaeaenoaey ?aeeaiu;
a). ooaa?aeaeaoue aeey oai?/aneiai ioaeaea “eaeiiua eoni/ee”;
a). oaaaeaeaoue eeeaioa o?aoeoue aua aieueoa aeaiaa n iiiiuueth
aueeaaeie ii oeo/oaieth yooaeoeaiinoe ?aeeaiiie eaiiaiee.
?aaioa ieaiiaeeia eiaao aieueoia cia/aiea aeey anao:
– aeey eeeaioia, iioiio /oi ieaiiaeee iiaoo canoaaeoue ?aeeaio auoue
eiae/iie;
– aeey aaiee?ia aaaionoaa, iioiio /oi o ieaiiaeeia anoue n?aaenoaa
eiio?iee?iaaoue aeayoaeueiinoue oai?/aneeo ?aaioieeia;
– aeey oeie aeciana e oieaa?neoaoia, oae eae caeanue anoue iaeia
aeenoeeieeia, a eioi?ie ieaiiaeee- aieueoea niaoeeaeenou;
– aeey eiiia?/aneie i?annu, oae eae aeaao ei aiciiaeiinoue ienaoue i ieo
e ia eo ?aaioa.
7. Aaaiou (iin?aaeieee)-ieaiiaeee. Iin?aaeieee-ieaiiaeee, aeooiaiua
eeaea?u ie?a ?aeeaiiiai aaaionoaa- yoi oa ethaee, eioi?ua ?aoatho, aaea
e eiaaea eo/oa i?iaanoe ?aeeaiioth eaiiaieth n oai, /oiau:
– aueoe ia ioaeiua a?oiiu oeaeae;
– iaeneiaeueii “auaeaoue” ec eeeaioa aeaiueae;
– i?aaenoaaeoue aaaionoai a naiii eo/oai aeaea.
Eo ie?- yoi ie? oaei, iaiieiaiiue eiiiuethoa?iuie aueeaaeeaie,
no?aiiuie o?acaie, ianeii/aaiuie oaaeeoeaie e aeeaa?aiiaie, aeaiiuie
?aeoeiaa. Aaaiou-ieaiiaeee aaaeoo aeeeoaeueiua ia?aaiai?u n ieaiiaeeaie
e eeeaioaie. Iie- yoi oa ethaee, eioi?ua aeieaeiu iauynieoue eeeaioo,
ii/aio ?aeeaiiue ?ieee, ?aeeaie?othuee aeinoieinoaa oiai eee eiiai
oiaa?a eee oneoa, aeieaeai iiyaeyoueny a oi eee eiia a?aiy, n
ii?aaeaeaiiie /anoioie e oe?eiie ioaaoa.
8. Iin?aaeieee-iieoiaoaee. Iie yaeythony iniiaiui aeaeaaoaeai aeae
aaaionoaa. Ia eo ioaaonoaaiiinoe eaaeeo iieoiea anao n?aaenoa ?aeeaiu
(ia/aoue, oaeaaeaeaiea, ?aaeei, eeii e o.ae.), ia eioi?ua niaeaoaaony
eeeaio. A oaeaea iiaiai i?i/aai, ia /oi eeeaio e ia aeaao naiaai
niaeaney. Iin?aaeieee-iieoiaoaee- yoi eae ?ac oa ethaee, eioi?ua
aeaeatho aaaionoai i?eaueueiuie, eniieuecoy iaiai eae n?aaenoai
aeinoeaeaiey yoiai. Iaeiaei, eae i?aaeei, ia yoii ia aiai?yo eeeaioo,
oai aieaa, eiaaea ?a/ue caoiaeeo i athaeaeaoa.
9. Nae?aoa?e a i?eaiiie. Iiaeae?ay ethaeae ia yoo aeieaeiinoue,
i?eieiatho ai aieiaiea eae eo ee/iia oiaiea i/a?iauaaoue, oae e eo
aeaeiaua ea/anoaa. A eo iaycaiiinoe aoiaeeo oii?yaei/eaaiea
aeieoiaioiiai?ioa a aaaionoaa, iaania/aiea ?aoeeiiaeueiie aeayoaeueiinoe
nio?oaeieeia aaaionoaa, nicaeaiea oi?ioaai eieaeaea a aeacao eeeaioia,
eo?uea?ia, noaeaaiuo i?enoaaia e noi?iieeia aaaionoaa.
10. Nae?aoa?e. Nae?aoa?e a ie?a aaaionoaa i/aiue ?aaeee, a ca /anooth e
ieeiaaea ia yaeythony ia aeaea nae?aoa?yie. Oa, eoi aoaeao iuoaoueny
iaeoe naie iooue a ie?a ?aeeaiu, aeieaeiu ciaoue, /oi anoue ethaee a
aaaionoaa, eioi?ua ciatho iai anai, /oi oai aeaeaaony, ai?acaei aieueoa,
/ai oi?aaeythuee, e /ae oaeaio aaeieieno?aoi?a caeeth/aaony a oii, /oiau
ieeiei ia?acii ia aeaoue iiiyoue, /oi iie /oaeanii ?acae?athony ai anae
yoie “eooia”. Yoi-oi e niinianoaoao oneeaiiie ?aaioa anaai aaaionoaa.
Niaoeeaeenou, i?eaea/aiiua aeey ?aaiou a i?iaiaeeiie eaiiaiee.Ie iaeii
aaaionoai ia niiaeao aeeoue ca n/ao iaeiie eeuue ?aeeaiu aac iiiiue
ecaia. Ca/anooth ?aeeaiiua aaaionoaa i?eaeaoatho oi?ioeo niaoeeaeenoia,
eioi?ua yaeythony ciaoieaie naiaai aeaea e ecaanoiuie a oe?ieeo e?oaao
ethaeae. ?anniio?ei eo:
1. Oioia?aou- caieiathony i?oanneiiaeueiie oioinuaieie ?aeeaiiuo
ieaeaoia e a?ioth?.
2. Ieceiaeaiiue ooaeiaeiee- yoi aua iaeii iacaaiea ooaeiaeanoaaiiiai
aee?aeoi?a, /aeiaaea, eioi?ue ioaa/aao ca oaoie/aneoth noi?iio
ioi?ieaiey ia/aoiiai iauyaeaiey, oi anoue n/eoeo e ioi?ieaiea anao
iaia/aoaiiuo eeeiia.
3. Ioi?ieoaee e eeethno?aoi?u- caieiathony ioi?ieoaeueneie ?aaioie
ca?eniaie ooaeiaeanoaaiiiai aee?aeoi?a, a oaeaea i?iecaiaeyo ia naao
“ioaeiieythuea” eeethno?aoeee (niioaaonoaaiii). *anoi ei i?aaeeaaatho
aeieaeiinoue ooaeiaeanoaaiiiai aee?aeoi?a.
4. Eiinoeueoaiou- yoe oneoae a ?yaea neo/aaa ieacuaathony iaeiei
/aeiaaeii, a eiiaaea- a?oiiaie ethaeae. Iie eiinoeueoe?otho ii oe?ieiio
e?oao aii?inia- iin?aaeie/anoai, i?iecaiaenoai, ia?eaoeia e o.i. Eo
i?eaeaeatho a oii neo/aa, anee ?aeeaiiiio aaaionoao n?i/ii iaiaoiaeeiu
iiaua aeaiiua i iieiaeaiee ia ?uieao, e anee ei ia oaaoaao naieo
niaoeeaeenoia.
5. Eioi?iaoeeiiiua eiinoeueoaoeaiua oeaio?u- iie iiae?acaeaeythony ia
aeaa aeaea:
– oa, eioi?ua ?aaioatho ia eeeaioa:
– oa, eioi?ua ?aaioatho ia aaaionoai.
Eioi?iaoeeiiiua eiinoeueoaoeaiua oeaio?u ianoo ia naaa aeaa iniiaiua
ooieoeee:
a). aunoaaeoue iaiieac ana oi?ioaa, /oi anoue a eeeaioa;
a). iiaeiaoeoue aai iaaeinoaoee, anee iie ?aaioatho ia aaaionoaa;
a). enneaaeiaaiey.
No?oeoo?a ?aeeaiiiai aaaionoaa caaeneo io oiai, /oi iu oioei aeaeaoue.
Oi anoue io noa?u iaoae aeayoaeueiinoe: ?aciauaiea ?aeeaiu ia
oaeaaeaeaiee e ?aaeei, ?ani?ino?aiaiea eioi?iaoeee i eeeaioa /a?ac
aacaou e aeo?iaeu, i?iaaaeaiea ?aeeaiiie eaiiaiee /a?ac n?aaenoaa
ia?oaeiie ?aeeaiu, naaoiaay ?aeeaia e o.ae. Ii ia caaeneii io yoiai,
nouanoaoao iniiaiay oi?ia ?aeeaiiiai aaaionoaa. Ethaia aaaionoai ninoieo
ec /aou?ao iniiaiuo ioaeaeia:
a). oai?/aneee ioaeae- ii caieiaaony ?ac?aaioeie e i?iecaiaenoaii
?aeeaiu;
a). ioaeae n?aaenoa ?aeeaiu- ii ioaaonoaaiai ca auai? n?aaenoa ?aeeaiu
e?aciauaiey ?aeeaiu;
a). enneaaeiaaoaeueneee ioaeae- ii eco/aao oa?aeoa?enoeee e iio?aaiinoe
aoaeeoi?ee;
a). eiiia?/aneee ioaeae- ii caieiaaony eiiia?/aneie noi?iiie
aeayoaeueiinoe eeeaioa.
?aaioay iaae caeacaie eeeaioia, naith eaioo aiinyo ana nio?oaeieee
aaaionoaa, ia/eiay io nae?aoa?ae e eii/ay eiioaeoi?aie, a oaeaea
niaoeeaeenou, i?eaea/aiiua ecaia. I?e yoii ana nio?oaeieee, auiieiyy
naie ii?aaeaeaiiua ooieoeee, niinianoaotho aeinoeaeaieth iniiaiie oeaee
?aeeaiiiai aaaionoaa- yoi auiieiaiea iennee oe?iu., iinoaaeaiiie ia
yoaia no?aoaae/aneiai ieaie?iaaiey aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaiecaoeee.
?anniio?ei oaia?ue i?ioeann nicaeaiey ?aeeaiu.
§3. I?ioeann nicaeaiey ?aeeaiu.
I?ioeann nicaeaiey ?aeeaiu i?aaenoaaeyao niaie i?iecaiaenoaaiioth
aeayoaeueiinoue ?aeeaiiiai aaaionoaa, oi anoue aai iniiaioth ooieoeeth.
A ?acoeueoaoa yoiai i?ioeanna iu iieo/aai i?iaeoeo aaaionoaa- ?aeeaio,
eioi?ay iai?aaeaia ia oaeiaeaoai?aiea iio?aaiinoae caeac/eea. Iaeiaei
ia?aae oai, eae ?anniio?aoue i?ioeann nicaeaiey, iaiaoiaeeii
iiciaeiieoueny n ?aciiia?aciuie aeaeaie ?aeeaiu, eioi?ua o?aaotho e naaa
niaoeeoe/aneeo iiaeoiaeia .
Aeaeu ?aeeaiu. Nianai iaaeinoaoi/ii ooaa?aeaeaoue, /oi nouanoaoao
oieueei aeaa aeaea ?aeeaiu- oi?ioay e ieioay. Yoi noa?ue iaoiae, e
iiiaea eiaieoua ethaee aeinoeaee neaau a ?aeeaiiii aeaea, iiaoi?yy yoi
ecaeoia ooaa?aeaeaiea e oae, e nye, e nii?iaiaeaeay aai iaiuneaiiuie
aueeaaeeaie. Aeaiiay ?aaioa iainii?eii aeieacuaaao, /oi aaeeinoaaiii
oi?ioay ?aeeaia- yoi oa, eioi?oth i?eaeoiae au nai eeeaio.
Ia/iai n oiai, /oi au aeieaeiu oi?ioi iao/eoueny ?acae?aoueny a oii,
/oi iaienaii, oi anoue aeaeaoue oi, /oi iaienaii, e iaeiia?aiaiii
“/eoaoue iaaeaeo no?ie”. E caiiiieoa, /oi yoi ia i?inoi ia?aoiay noi?iia
oeeie/iiai ?aeeaiiiai aeaea.
Oi, /oi iaienaii: Ethaay ?aeeaia nicaeaaony, oi anoue iaoeaeaia ia ana
ianaeaiea. A yoo eaoaai?eth aoiaeyo ?aaeei- e oaeaaeceiiiua eiiia?/aneea
iauyaeaiey iethn oee/iay ?aeeaia (yoi oa aieueoea ?aeeaiiua ieaeaou,
eioi?ua iiaeii aeaeaoue ii noi?iiai aei?iae).
Oi, /oi iaaei /eoaoue iaaeaeo no?ie: ?aeeaia anaaaea iaoeaeaia ia aieaa
eiie?aoioth a?oiio. E aeey yoie oeaee neoaeao ii/oiaua ioi?aaeaiey, a
oi/iaa neacaoue, caaoaeaiiua ii/oiaua ioi?aaeaiey, oae eae aieueoeinoai
ethaeae ooo aea ioi?aaeytho eo a ei?ceio aeey ioni?a. E?iia oiai aeey
aeinoeaeaiey yoie oeaee nouanoaotho ae?oaea aeaeu ?aeeai, oaeea eae
aaneiia/ii iiaoi?ythueany a oi?aiauo oeaio?ao OA-?ieeee, ?aeeaiiua
iauyaeaiey a niaoeeaeece?iaaiiuo aacaoao e aeo?iaeao e iiiaia ae?oaia,
/oi au i?eaeaeaei aieiaiea eiie?aoiiai iio?aaeoaey.
Iio?aaeoaeue: Ethaay ?aeeaia iaoeaeaia ia aeaaiiai iio?aaeoaey, oae
eae a iniiaiii iia ?aeeaie?oao oiaa?u, eioi?ua:
– iaei /ai ioee/athony ae?oa io ae?oaa;
– aieueoeinoao ethaeae ia ioaeiu.
?icie/iay i?iaeaaea: ?aeeaia, eioi?oth /anoi aini?eieiatho eae
eneaaeaiioth a e?eaii ca?eaea, eae ?aeeaio iio?aaeoaey. Aa ?acoeueoaoii
aeieaeii auoue oi, /oi ethaee n?aco aea iiaaaoo e eoiyo /oi-oi. A iae
a?iiei e iaiaeiae?aoii oiiieiaaony oeaia. Iauaecaanoii, /oi
o?aaeeoeeiiii eo/oeie ?aeeaiueeaie ?icie/iie oi?aiaee yaeythony
eiiieaiyaea?u, a oaeaea ethaee, iaeaaeathuea niiniaiinoueth iauaiey n
ethaeueie.
Oi?aiaay e oaoie/aneay: ?aeeaia, eioi?ay aeeth/aao a naay anaaiciiaeiua
aeaeu iauyaeaiee, iaoeaeaia ia i?iaeaaeo iai?oaeiaaiey aeey
i?iecaiaenoaa oe?ieiai e?oaa oiaa?ia oai, eoi aoaeao caieiaoueny
auioneii yoiai oe?ieiai e?oaa oiaa?ia. Iau/ii yoio aeae ?aeeaiu
iacuaaaony i?iuoeaiiie ?aeeaiie e ethaee, a /ueth eiiiaoaioeeth aoiaeeo
yoio aeae ?aeeaiu, iau/ii i?iaiaeyo aieueooth /anoue a?aiaie n eeeaioaie
e n enneaaeiaaoaeueneei ioaeaeii ?aeeaiiiai aaaionoaa.
Oi?iaoeaaoe/aneay: Iauyaeaiea, a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue ?ann/eoaiiia ia
aeieoi?ia, a iiiuoea canoaaeoue eo auienuaaoue ?ac?aeeaie?iaaiiua
oaaeaoee e ieenoo?u. Ii?aaeaeaiiua ?aeeaiiua aaaionoaa
niaoeeaeece?othony ia iiaeiaiie ?aeeaia, a naiae ?aaioa iie aeoeaii
o/anoaotho a “iaaeeoeeineie” aeecie no?aiu, o/anoaoy ai anaaiciiaeiuo
eiioa?aioeeyo iaaeeeia e ae?oaeo ia?ii?eyoeyo.
Eiiioiaeueiua oneoae: ?aeeaiiua iauyaeaiey, iai?aaeaiiua ia i?eaea/aiea
aieiaiey aeiiioicyenoa e eiiioiaeueiui oneoaai. Yoio oei ?aeeaiu
yaeyaony ia i/aiue ?ani?ino?aiaiiui, /anoioa aai iiyaeaiey ?aaeea.
Iieeoe/aneea: Aaeeinoaaiiue aeae ?aeeaiu, a eioi?ii aaaionoao
?ac?aoaaony eceaaaoue ia?iaeo nooue aeaea iai?yioth ii ii?o/aieth
eeeaioa. Yoa ?aeeaia iai?aaeaia ia ?ane?uoea iieeoe/aneie oi/ee c?aiey
oie eee eiie ia?oee eee aeaeaeaiey. Iaeaieaa ?ani?ino?aiaia ai a?aiy
auai?ia a Ia?eaiaio, Naiao eee i?e auai?a I?aceaeaioa no?aiu.
Aeaaioai?eoaeueiua i?ecuau: ?aeeaia iio?aaeoaey, iaoeaeaiiay ia
eca?aiioth aoaeeoi?eth. A oaeeo oeiao ?aeeai aeaeaaony noaaea ia
nino?aaeaiea ethaeae e eaeei-eeai iaaaoeaiui i?oeannai, i?ienoiaeyuei a
no?aia e ca ?oaaaeii (yeieiae/aneea eaoan?iou, ai?ueaa n ieuaoie e
aieiaeii, iiiiuue noa?eeai e o.ae.). A ie?a ?aeeaiiiai aeciana i/aiue
Ethayo aeaaioai?eoaeueiua iauyaeaiey, oae eae iie anaaaea niiniaiu
aeieacaoue, /oi ?aeeaia n?aaioaea.
Aecian e oeiainu: Yoio aeae oi?aiaie ?aeeaiu, inouanoaeyaiue
niaoeeaeenoaie aaaionoa io eiaie ai?iaeneeo einoeoooia, eioi?ua iiaoo
auoue, a iiaoo e ia auoue i?eaea/aiuie a aeaeaaea i?eauee. Iniiaiay
oeaeue oaeeo ?aeeai- yoi i?eaea/aiiea aieiaiey ethaeae e aeayoaeueiinoe
ai?iaeneeo einoeoooia, a oaeaea e ?acee/iui oeiainiai-e?aaeeoiui
o/?aaeaeaieyi.
Iaai? iiauo eeoe (iiiieiaiea): Ana ?aeeaiiua iauyaeaiey, ia/eiay io
iauyaeaiee ii iao/aieth e eii/ay iauyaeaieyie aeey ?oeiaiaeeoaeae
iaaeaeoia?iaeiuo eiiiaiee. Iau/ii nicaeathony oaie niaoeeaeenoaie a
aaaionoaao, eioi?ua n/eoatho inoaeueiua aeaeu aeayoaeueiinoe a yoii
aeciana iaeiaiaa oeaiiuie.
Iaaeaeoia?iaeiay ?aeeaia: Yoio aeae ?aeeaiu o?aaoao aieueoiai aieiaiey
e ciaiey iau/aaa e o?aaeeoeee a no?aia i?aauaaiey. Oae, ianeieueei eao
iacaae i?iecioea iaooiaaoay eaiiaiey, ?aeeaie?othuay oaaeaoee io eaoey
aeey i?iaeaaee a A?aaneeo no?aiao. Auea aeiiouaia a?oaaeoay ioeaea a
ia?aaiaea, aeai aeineiaiue ia?aaiae- “eniieueciaaiea ?iiaiaeaeiie
oeao?ee” i?e eaoea. E eae ?acoeueoao, a?aaneee ie? aue auioaeaeai
niaa?oaoue iaanoanoaaiiue e cai?auaiiue caeiiii iieiaie aeo ianeieueei
?ac a aeaiue, eee, ii e?aeiae ia?a, eaaeaeue ?ac, eiaaea /aeiaae
/oanoaiaae ia?oaiea a ai?ea. Eee ae?oaie iiaeiaiue neo/ae, eiaaea ai
o?aioeocneoth Eaiaaeo aue caaacai iiaue noe?aeueiue ii?ioie, e ieeoi ia
ia?aoee aieiaiea, /oi aai iacaaiea eiaao nianai ae?oaia cia/aiea a
aeaeioae (o?aioeocneee aeeaeaeo, ia eioi?ii aiai?yo a Eaiaaea). E yoi
cia/eei, /oi aieueoiio eiee/anoao oaeeaeaiiuo eaiaaeoeaa i?aaeeaaaeinue
noe?aoue aaeuea, eniieuecoy /aeiaa/aneea yeno?aiaiou. Anee ?aeeaiiia
aaaionoai aoaeao caieiaoueny iaaeaeoia?iaeiie ?aeeaiie, oi iia iiaeao:
– ca?aiaa aeiaiai?eoueny n eeeaioii i niaoeeoe/aneeo oaeoi?ia yoiai
aeaea;
– iaiyoue ianoiia aaaionoai;
– ia?aaeaoue iieiinoueth iieiiii/ey ii aaaeaiaeth aeaea ?oeiaiaeeoaeth
naiaai oeeeaea a aeaiiie no?aia.
E?iia oeia ?aeeaiu ?aeeaiiua aaaionoaa a naiae ?aaioa aeieaeiu
o/eouaaoue oei eeeaioia, n eioi?uie iie ?aaioatho, oae eae eaaeaeue
eeeaio eiaao naie iniaaiiinoe.
Eeeaiou. Yoi oa, eoi yaeyaony iieoiaoaeai auioneaaiie i?iaeoeoeee
?aeeaiiuo aaaionoa, oi anoue caeac/eee ?aeeaiiuo eaiiaiee. Ana eeeaiou
iiiaaeatho iiae iaeio ec neaaeothueeoeaoaai?ee:
1. Oa, eioi?ua niaa?oaiii ia aa?yo ?aeeaiiui aaaionoaai, ii ia aeaeyo
ae?oaiai auoiaea.
2. Oa, eoi aeoiatho, /oi iie a ninoiyiee ana naeaeaoue naie, eniieuecoy
oneoae eioi?iaoeeiiiuo neoaea e eiioi?., ?aaioathueo ii iaeio, ii ia
oioyo ia?aiaiyoue naay eeuieie caaioaie.
3. Oa, eoi i?inoi iueatho ethaiaueth e ?aeeaiiui aaaionoaai e aeaeoo ia
aeiaeaeoony iiiaioa, /oiau i?aaeeiaeeoue ei ?aaioo.
4. Oa, eoi niaa?oaiii caiooaeny a yoii ?aeeaiiii i?ioeanna e iuoaaony
i?eoeiooueny e ethaiio ?aeeaiiiio aaaionoao.
Eeeaiou auaatho ?aciie noaiaie aaaeiinoe. A aieueoeo e n?aaeieo
eiiiaieyo aoaeao ianeieueei /aeiaae, eoi aoaeao ?aoaoue aii?inu
?aciauaiey ?aeeai eiiiaiee. A iaeaiueeeo eiiiaieyo- yoi iau/ii iaeei
/aeiaae, eioi?iai anaaaea iao ia ianoa, oae eae ii i/aiue caiyo.
?aeeaiiui aaaionoaai iaiaoiaeeii ciaoue anao oao, eoi caieiaaony
?aeeaiie o eeeaioa, /oiau ia o?aoeoue iii?inoo a?aiaie i?e ?acaiai?a n
iaioaeiuie ethaeueie.O eeeaioa ?acee/atho neaaeothueo niaoeeaeenoia ii
?aeeaia:
a). ?aeeaiiua aee?aeoi?a;
a).?aeeaiiua iaiaaeaea?u;
a). iiiiuieee ?aeeaiiuo iaiaaeaea?ia;
a). iaiaaeaea?u ii oaa?e/iie ia?eaeee i?iecaiaenoaaiiua iaiaaeaea?u;
ae). iiiiuieee iaiaaeaea?ia ii oaa?e/iie ia?ea.
A niioaaonoaee n iacaaieyie naieo aeieaeiinoae iie auiieiytho
ii?aaeaeaiiua ooieoeee. E niaoeeaeenou ?aeeaiiuo aaaionoa a caaeneiinoe
io oiai, /oi iie oioyo, ia?auathony e niioaaonoaothuaio ?aaioieeo
eeeaioa a iaeanoe ?aeeaiu.
Aua?aa oei ?aeeaiu aeey ii?aaeaeaiiiai caeaca eeeaioa, aaaionoai
ia/eiaao i?ioeann ii nicaeaieth ?aeeaiiie eaiiaiee. I?e yoii iii
o/eouaaao ana oa iniaaiiinoe, eioi?ua auee ia?a/eneaiu auoa, e, a neo/aa
aicieeiiaaiey aii?inia, ia?auaaony e niaoeeaeenoai eeeaioia.
Eae nicaeaaony ?aeeaia. A noa?ua a?aiaia ?aeeaia nicaeaaaeanue
ia?aien/eeaie, eioi?ua “oiu?yee” aie?oa aeciana eeeaioa aei oao ii?,
iiea ia iaoiaeeee /oi-oi eioa?aniia, i /ai iiaeii auei ienaoue, eee
ethaeueie, eioi?ui oaaoaei iaeiiai /ana ia?aae i?acaioaoeeae eeeaioa. Ia
nia?aiaiiii yoaia ana ia naiii aeaea iaei eciaieeinue. Ca eneeth/aieai
oiai, /oi a ianoiyuaa a?aiy ana aeaeaaony ai?acaei aieaa iao/ii.
?aeeaiiua eaiiaiee ia/eiathony n iiiuoee eeeaioa iauynieoue, /oi ii
oi/ao i?iaeaoue, eiio e ca neieueei. Aeinoaoi/ii i?inoie i?ioeann,
eioi?ue o?aaoao a aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe ia?iiiia eiee/anoai a?aiaie e
oneeee. Aieueoa oiai, eeeaio ca/anooth ia?auaaony e aaaionoao n i?nueaie
iiii/ue aio a ?aoaiee yoeo aii?inia.
1. Niaauaiea. Ia ia?aie ia/aeueiie noaaeee naii aaaionoai ciaao eee
i/aiue iaei, eee ie/aai i oii, /oi ieaie?oaony i?aaei?eiyoue. A ia/aea
yoio i?iaeo i?i?aaaouaaaony aooaaeoa?neei ioaeaeii e ioaeaaii
ieaie?iaaiey.
Caoai ianooiaao aeaiue, eiaaea eniieiythuee iaycaiiinoe niae?aao
niaauaiea e iauyaeyao i ia/aea iiaie eaiiaiee. Ia iai iiaeao
i?enoonoaiaaoue e oi?aaeythuee ?aeeaiie eeeaioa, /oiau aiineoue
eciaiaiey e iii?aaee io eiaie eeeaioa. Ia yoii niaauaiee i?enoonoaoao
any eiiaiaea aaaionoaa, ioia?aiiay aeey ?aaiou iaae yoei i?aeoii:
– oai?/aneea ?aaioieee;
– ieaiiaeee;
– iin?aaeieee-ieaiiaeee;
– iin?aaeieee-iieoiaoaee.
Caaea/a yoeo niaauaiee- oaaaeeoue anao, /oi oiaa? oi?ioi eco/ai e /oi
aeey iaai oaea aeaeai ?aaeueiue ?uiie. Ia yoii yoaia anai ioaeaeai e
i?eaea/aiiui ethaeyi aeathony ia?aiia/aeueiua caaea/e e aeaiiua aeey
i?iaa?ee e iaiaoie aoaeouae ?aeeaiiie eaiiaiee. Anth yoo ?aaioo iie
i?iaiaeyo aei oiai naiiai aeiy, eiaaea ia eo noieao iiyaeythony
eino?oeoeee.
2. Eino?oeoeee (?acthia). Iiaeii neacaoue, /oi ?aeeaiiay eaiiaiey
ia/aeanue, eiaaea ?an/aoiay eiiaiaea ia aoiaaa iaienaea ?acthia.
Niaoeeaeenou, ianouea ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca iaienaiea ia/aeueiuo
eino?oeoeee, aeieaeiu ia caauaaoue., /oi:
– iie aeieaeiu auoue eae iiaeii ei?i/a;
– iie aeieaeiu auoue ii aiciiaeiinoe iaueie;
– eiy eeeaioa aeieaeii auoue iaienaii i?aaeeueii;
– iie aeieaeiu iii?ineoue i?ieiiiaioe?iaaoue (oi anoue aeaoue naie
iocua, ii ieeiaaea ia i?aaeeiaeaiey) e neaaeothuaio aeith.
Eiaaea aeioee aei yoie /a?ou, ia ia?anoaaaeoa iiaoi?youe, /oi ia/eiay n
ia?aiai niaauaiey, ana iaonoaiii aeieaeiu aeoiaoue ia yoii i?iaeoa.
A aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe yoe eino?oeoeee aua ?ac iaicia/atho oeaee e
iauaeou eeeaioa.
3. Eaiiaiey. Eae oieueei eaiiaiey ia/eiaao aeaenoaiaaoue, iinoi?iiiea
iaaethaeaoaee niiaoo ioiaoeoue, /oi:
– aooaaeoa?u ia/eiatho iaoaoueny ec ioaeaea a ioaeae aeey oiai, /oiau
nieaie?iaaoue athaeaeao aeaiiie eaiiaiee;
– ieaiiaeee iai?yaeaiii ?aaioatho iaae ieaiaie aeaenoaee aeey
nio?oaeieeia aaaionoaa e aeey ?aeeaiiiai aaaionoaa a oeaeii;
– iin?aaeieee-ieaiiaeee auaeatho neiaeiua aeeaa?aiiu, a eioi?uo aeai
iiae?iaiue aiaeec ianoiiai ?uiea, oeacaiu oeaeaaua a?oiiu iio?aaeoaeae
ii yoiio oeio oiaa?ia eee oneoa, eioi?ua au niae?aaoanue ?aeeaie?iaaoue,
a oaeaea eieaeaeaaue ieai ?aeeaiiiai aaaionoaa, iai?aaeaiiue ia
iiaeaea?aeaiey eieaeaea n?aaee oe?ieeo neiaa ianaeaiey:
– oai?/aneea ?aaioieee noaioo i?i?aaaouaaoue ia?aiia/aeueiua yneecu
aoaeouae ?aeeaiu (ca?eniaee ieaeaoia, aeo?ei, noeaia?ee OA-?ieeea e
o.ae.).
Anei?a iinea yoiai nio?oaeieee ioaeaeia ?an/aoa aoaeoo ianoaeaaoue ia
niaauaiee n nio?oaeieeaie oai?/aneiai ioaeaea aeey ianoaeaeaiey
“enoiaeiie oi/ee c?aiey”. Yoi niaauaiea caeii/eony oai, /oi aoaeoo
neii?aeeie?iaaiu iauea ieaiu aeaenoaee ia aeaiioth eaiiaieth.
4. Enneaaeiaaiey. Ieaiiaeee ia aeaiiii yoaia iuoathony iauynieoue
nicaeaoaeyi ?aeeaiu:
a). eaeea ethaee caoioyo eoieoue oiaa?;
a). ia eaeea nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneea a?oiiu ioaeii i?eaioe?iaaoueny.
Ana iio?aaeoaee aeieaeiu auoue /aoei iiaeaeaiu ia ii?aaeaeaiiua
nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneea a?oiiu. Nei?aa aieueoa yeiiiie/aneea, /ai
nioeeaeueiua, enoiaey ec oiai , /oi oioy ia aeaiueae e iaeuecy eoieoue
n/anouea, ii ia ieo iiaeii eoieoue ana inoaeueiia, /oi iiaeao i?iaeaoue
aaaionoai. I?iaeaia ninoieo a oii, /oi:
– ana iio?aaeoaee n/eoatho, /oi iie i?eiaaeeaaeao e aieaa aunieie
nioeeaeueii-yeiiiie/aneie a?oiia, /ai ia naiii aeaea, ca eneeth/aieai
oao, eoi iaoiaeeony ia naiii aeia;
– auai? iieoiaoaey ia anaaaea iai?yioth naycai n oai, neieueei o iaai
anoue aeaiaa.
Iaeiaei nouanoaotho noaoenoe/aneea iaoiaeu, iniiaaiiua ia iieacaoaeyo
o?iaiy ?acaeoey no?aiu eee ?aaeiia, aeey ii?aaeaeaiey oiai, /oi ec naay
i?aaenoaaeyao iio?aaeoaeue.
E oae eae iio?aaeoaey ?anniao?eaatho eae eiaeeaeaeooia, iaeaaeathuaai
oeaeui ?yaeii i?eaaeaaee, eeeaioa canoaaeytho i?eciaoue, /oi aiciiaeia
?acieoea iaaeaeo oai, /oi, n iaeiie noi?iiu, ii oi/ao i?iaeaoue, e, n
ae?oaie noi?iiu, /oi iio?aaeoaeue aioia eoieoue.
Iiaeii i?iaanoe enneaaeiaaiey n oeaeueth onoaiiaeaiey iniaaiiuo
oa?aeoa?enoee oiaa?a- aua iaeia aieiaiay aieue aeey eiiaiaeu
nicaeaoaeae ?aeeaiu, anee iie a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue ia iiaeoiatho i
nianoaaiiuo ia?niiao. Oiaa?, eee aai ea/anoai, eee aai iniaaiiua
oa?aeoa?enoeee i/aiue aaaeiu a aae, eiaaea eiaaony oae iiiai niaa?oaiii
eaeaioe/iuo oiaa?ia. Aeaei a oii, /oi i/aiue /anoi ethaee iieoiatho
oiaa? ii niaa?oaiii iaiauynieiie i?e/eia, iai?eia?, ei eacaeinue, /oi o
yoiai oiaa?a aeia?ay oeeuaea.
Aieueoay /anoue auaiaeia a yoeo enneaaeiaaieyo no?ieony ia oii, /oi
iio?aaeoaee:
– iau/ii ia ciatho, ii/aio iie yoi iieoiatho;
– iio?aaeoaeae ioaeii iinoiyiii oaaaeaeaoue, /oi iie naeaeaee
i?aaeeueiue auai?, iniaaiii, anee ia?aae aeacaie ?aeeaia niia?ieea.
5. Ieai iin?aaeieea. Yoio ieai yaeyaony ?acoeueoaoii aeayoaeueiinoe
iin?aaeieeia-ieaiiaeeia. A iai io?aaeaiu: eiee/anoai auoiaeia a yoe? ii
?aaeei, ia oaeaaeaeaiee, eee iauyaeaiee a i?anna, eee ?aeeaiiuo
ieaeaoia. Ii aeiaiaeeony aei eeeaioia, oi anoue iieoiaoaee
iciaeiieythony n aoaeouei ?acoeueoaoii, e anee iie iaaeiaieueiu, oi
aeaeatho naie caia/aiey e i?aaeeaaatho naie iiaeaeaiey.
Naiia i?inoia ooaa?aeaeaiea oaeiai: anee au oioeoa iaeoe ethaeae, /oiau
i?iaeaoue ei eaeie-oi ii?aaeaeaiiue oiaa?, oi eaeie aea naiue eo/oee,
naiue aeaoaaue niinia naeaeaoue yoi? Yoi- i?eaeaneoue e ?aaioa
iin?aaeieeia-ieaiiaeeia, eioi?ua niiaoo iaeoe iooue e na?aeoeo eeeaioa
/a?ac naie iainiiaaiiua ieaiu e aeeaa?aiiu. Iaeiaei au aeieaeiu ciaoue,
/oi caeanue niaa?oaiii iaiauynieii aiaoeaathony ?acee/iua
ianoiyoaeuenoaa, iai?eia?:
a). eeeaio ianoaeaaao ia oaea- eee ?aaeei?aeeaia eee ia ?ani?ino?aiaiee
?aeeaiu ii ii/oa;
a). aaaionoai a io/ayiee euao auoiae, eae ?aca?oceoue
naa?oia?aa?oaeaiiua ii?aaeaeaiiua ianoa a oaeaaeceiiiuo ?aeeaiiuo
i?ia?aiiao;
a). oai?/aneay a?oiia ia iiaeao iaeoe iauaai ycuea n eeeaioaie.
A aeaiiii neo/aa eae ?ac ieai iin?aaeieea aeieaeai iiii/ue
neii?aeeie?iaaoue ana aeaenoaey e acaeiiioiioaiey iaaeaeo ?aeeaiiuie
aaaionoaaie e eeeaioaie. Enoeiiie oeaeueth nicaeaiey
iin?aaeieeaie-ieaiiaeeaie oaaeeoe e aeeaa?aii, yaeyaony ia oi, /oiau
iieacaoue, /oi ioaeii aeaeaoue. Aaeeinoaaiiay eo ecia/aeueiay oeaeue-
yoi i?aaeainoeuaoue, a ii?ie e aueeoue ooao oieiaeiie aiaeu ia /uee-eeai
ianaieoeeiie?iaaiiua eaeae.
6. I?acaioaoeey. A ii?aaeaeaiiue iiiaio i?eoiaeeo a?aiy, eiaaea
iaiaoiaeeii i?aaenoaaeoue i?aaeaa?eoaeueiue ?acoeueoao ?aaiou ?aeeaiiiai
aaaionoaa. I?acaioaoeey eae ?ac i?aaenoaaeyao oio yoai, eiaaea eeeaioo
i?aaeeaaatho eco/eoue aioiaoth ?aaioo aaaionoaa, ii aua ia caiouaiioth a
iai?io. Iieoiaoaeue aiaeece?oao oaoieei-yeiiiie/aneea aeaiiua,
i?iniao?eaaao iiaeaee ?aeeaiiuo ieaeaoia, ?aeeaiiuo iauyaeaieee eee
OA-?ieeeia. Ia iniiaa yoi ii ninoaaeyao naia iiaiea e, anee aeiaieai, oi
iaeia?yao i?iaeo, a anee eiaao eaeea-oi caia/aiey, oi aeiaiaeeo eo aei
aaaionoaa.
I?acaioaoeey i?aaenoaaeyao niaie i?aaeaa?eoaeueioth ?aeeaiioth
eaiiaieth. Ia iniiaa iaa iiaeii auyaeoue neeueiua e neaaua noi?iiu
?aeeaiu, iiaiea eeeaioa ia n/ao ?aaiou, a oae aea, anee ioaeii,
eni?aaeoue ioeaee e aianoe ei??aeoe?iaee iieoiaoaeae (eeeaioia). Ia yoii
yoaia iiaeii aua ana eni?aaeoue.
I?acaioaoeeth eaiiaiee iiaeii i?iaiaeeoue anai aaaionoaii, ii /aua
anaai i?acaioaoeeth eaiiaiee i?iaiaeeo aaeeinoaaiiue /aeiaae-
ioaaonoaaiiue ca ?an/aou, iau/ii yoi aeaeaaony a eiioi?a eeeaioa.
7. I?iecaiaenoai.I?aaenoaaei, /oi aaaionoao oaeaeinue iiaeaioiaeoue
eaiiaieth, eioi?ay iii?aaeeanue eeeaioo, neaaeothuee oaa- yoi aiieioeoue
aa a aeeciue. Au aeieaeiu ciaoue, /oi nouanoaoao iaeii ea?aeeiaeueiia
i?aaeei, eioi?ia ia/eiaao aeaenoaiaaoue (anooiaao a neeo) a ia?eiae
iaaeaeo eiia/iie i?acaioaoeeae e iiiaioii, eiaaea ?aeeaiiia iauyaeaiea
eee eiiia?/aneee ?ieee iiyaeythony ia naao: ?aeeaiiaeaoaee ieeiaaea ia
iieo/atho eiia/iue ?acoeueoao a oii aeaea, a eioi?ii iie iaeeaeatho aai
iieo/eoue, aaaionoaa ieeiaaea ia aeaeatho anae oie ?aaiou, eioi?oth iie
iaia?aaaeenue naeaeaoue.
Iaeia ec aeaaiuo i?e/ei yoiai, e?iia anao yoeo e?oieoe, eioi?ua
i?eoiaeyo ia oi, ii e niaeaeaieth n iiicaeaieai- yoi noieiinoue,
oaea?aeee i?iecaiaenoaa, oi anoue ?aaeueii noieo naeaeaoue ?ieee eee
iiianoeoue ?aeeaio a i?anna, eee /oi- eeai iiaeiaiia. Au aeieaeiu
ciaoue, /oi ethaua ecaea?aeee i?iecaiaenoaa anaaaea:
– aieueoa, /ai iiaeao iicaieeoue eeeaio;
– iaiueoa, /ai iaeeaeaee ethaee ec oai?/aneiai ioaeaea;
– i?eia?ii oaeea, eioi?uo iaeeaeaee aooaaeoa?a.
E oae eae iniiaiua i?iecaiaenoaaiiua ecaea?aeee naycaiu n
oaeaaeceiiiuie eiiia?/aneeie ?ieeeaie, au aeieaeiu ciaoue eia-/oi ia
yoie oi?ia eneonnoaa OO aaea. Oaeaea eae e i aieueoae /anoe
i?iecaaaeaiee nia?aiaiiiai eneonnoaa, i eiiia?/aneeo ia?aaea/ao iau/ii
noaeyo ia ii oiio, eae iia naeaeaia, a ii oiio, /oi i ieo aeoiaao
ioaeeea.
Ana oaeaaeceiiiua ?aeeaiiua ia?aaea/e aeaeyony ia aeaa aeaea:
a). oa, eioi?ua iieacuaatho ianoiyueo aeeauo ethaeae;
a). oa, eioi?ua ia aeaeatho yoiai.
Ia?aae oai, eae niyoue ?aeeaiiue ?ieee, aai iieacuaatho eeeaioo. Nooue
eiiia?/aneie ia?aaea/e iiaeao ia?aaeaoue eeeaioo:
– noiia?iue ?anneac, eioi?ue i?aaenoaaeyao niaie iaai? ?enoieia,
aeathueo i?aaenoaaeaiea i oii, /oi ca /ai aoaeao neaaeiaaoue a
eiiia?/aneie ia?aaea/a;
– ioeueoeieeeaoeey, eioi?ay i?aaenoaaeyao niaie iniiaiie ea?eeaoo?iue
aa?eaio;
– noeaia?ee, eioi?ue aa?iyoii iieaaeao ana aiciiaeiinoe eaia?u, oi anoue
ea?iaua yooaeou iiaeiaiua ECU (iaacae eaia?u); LS (nuaiee ecaeaeaea);
SFX (caoeiaua yooaeou); VO (aiein ca eaae?ii); MOOZ (neaiae ia?aiioee) e
ae?oaea.
Eae oieueei ieii/aoaeueii aeiaiaa?eaathony ii eiiia?/aneiio ?ieeeo e
iiaeae?atho ninoaa- ana aioiai aeey nuaiie. Eaeao i?ioeann ioniyoey
iaoa?eaea e nthaeaoia. Eiiia?/aneea nthaeaou iiaoo auoue ioniyou a
eaeie-oi ae?oaie nooaeee. Iiiaea nooaeee iieuecothony yoei, /oiau
oeo/oeoue naie athaeaeao iooai:
– au/eneaiee, neieueei yoa ?aaioa aoaeao noieoue;
– aeiaaaea 30%;
– aeeth/ea naith nianoaaiioth i?eaueue;
– oaeaiea iieo/aiiue ?acoeueoao.
Aaaionoai, oaea acya ca iniiao yoo oeeo?o, aua aeiiieieoaeueii aeiaaaeo
40% ia?aae oai, eae niiaueoue aa eeeaioo. Iinea yoiai eaeao iiioaae
iieo/aiiiai iaoa?eaea e nthaeaoia. Au ?anniio?aee i?ioeann nicaeaiey
oaeaaeceiiiie ?aeeaiu, ae?oaea aeaeu ?aeeaiu nicaeathony iiaeiaiui
ia?acii, ii e iei i?eiaiythony naie niaoeeoe/aneea iiaeoiaeu.
8. Auione. Iaeiiaoe eiiia?/aneay i?ia?aiia aioiaa. Iia auea ioniyoa,
io?aaeaeoe?iaaia, aeiaaaeaiu ana niaoeeaeueiua yooaeou. Caeac/eeo aue
iieacai ?acoeueoao. Aai ?aaeoeey aoaeao aa?uee?iaaoueny “io enoioiuo
e?eeia aei iaaeeaiiiai acaeioa e iiea/eaaiey aieiaie”. Ana /oi
inoaeinue- yoi aeaoue i?ia?aiia ia/aoue ?aaioaoue.
Eiaaea eiiia?/aneay ?aeeaia, a ethaie oi?ia, auoiaeeo a yoe?, inoaaony
oieueei i?iaanoe i?iuaeueiue aa/a? n eeeaioii a aeaea aaieaoa, /oiau ii
a aeaeueiaeoae naiae ?aaioa iieueciaaeny oneoaaie yoiai ?aeeaiiiai
aaaionoaa.
?acthia: Oaeei ia?acii neaaeoao, /oi nouanoaotho ii?aaeaeaiiua
oai?aoe/aneea ?ac?aaioee a noa?a aeayoaeueiinoe ?aeeaiiiai aaaionoaa.
Ana iie iai?aaeaiu ia onoaiiaeaiea yooaeoeaiie nenoaiu ?aeeaiiiai
aeciana. ?aeeaiiua aaaionoaa aeieaeiu i?eaea?aeeaaoueny iniiaiuo
iinooeaoia oai?aoe/aneeo ?ac?aaioie, anee oioyo eiaoue i?eaueue e
oaea?aeaoueny ia ?uiea, oae eae a ieo caeiaeaiu ioeaee e oaea/e i?ioeuo
eao, eioi?ua iaiaoiaeeii o/eouaaoue.
Ia aeaiiue iiiaio nouanoaoao oieaa?naeueiay noaia ?aeeaiiiai aaaionoaa,
eioi?ay ninoieo ec /aou?ao ioaeaeia: oai?/aneee, enneaaeiaaoaeueneee,
eiiia?/aneee ioaeaeu e ioaeae n?aaenoa ?aeeaiu. Any eo aeayoaeueiinoue
iai?aaeaia ia aeinoeaeaiea iinoaaeaiiuo oeaeae a noa?a yooaeoeaiiai
auionea ?aeeaiiie eaiiaiee, eioi?ay au oaeiaeaoai?yea ioaeaeu
iio?aaeoaeae (eeeaioa). Iiiaea aaaionoaa a ie?a nicaeathony ii yoie
noaia, aeeth/ay a iaa naie iniaaiiinoe e oeaee, au?aaioaiiua no?aoaaeae
e ienneae oe?iu. A aeaeueiaeoai ia iniiaa oeeinioee ?aeeaiiiai aaaionoaa
e iinoaaeaiiuo oeaeae iaae?aaony ooao nio?oaeieeia, iniiaiui ec eioi?uo
yaeyaony eaioaeoi?.
Au?aaaoaa naith iieeoeeo, ?aeeaiiia aaaionoai aa?aony ca auiieiaiea
caeacia. Iniiaie aeayoaeueiinoe yaeyaony- oaeiaeaoai?aiea ioaeae
eeeaioa. Iiyoiio a i?ioeanna iiaeaioiaee ?aeeaiiie eiiaiee aaaionoai
iaiaeiae?aoii ia?auaaony e eeeaioo, /oiau ei??aeoe?iaaoue naith
aeayoaeueiinoue n aai iio?aaiinoyie. Ethaay ?aeeaiiay eaiiaiey
ia/eiaaony n iauaai niaauaiey, ia eioi?ii caeac/ee noaaeo naie oneiaey,
a nio?oaeieee aaaionoaa niiinoaaeytho eo ni naieie aiciiaeiinoyie. Caoai
eaeao i?ioeann iiecaiaenoaa ?aeeaiu, ?acoeueoaoii eioi?ie yaeyaony
?aeeaiiay eaiiaiey.
Neaaeiaaoaeueii, ethaay ?aaioa, a oii /enea e a ?aeeaia, o?aaoao
aieiaoaeueiiai eco/aiey oai?aoe/aneeo ?ac?aaioie a yoie noa?a, aeey
oiai, /oiau ia iiuoa e ?oeiaiaenoaa ae?oaeo iiiyoue i?eioeeiu
yooaeoeaiie ?aaiou.
Aeaaa 2. Aiaeec aeayoaeueiinoe ?aeeaiiuo aaaionoa
a ?anioaeeea
Eacaonoai.
?anniio?aa oai?eth, i?iaiaeece?oai aeayoaeueiinoue ?aeeaiiuo aaaionoa a
Eacaonoaia. Eo ?aaioa a aieueoeinoaa neo/aaa aace?oaony ia iiuoa
ca?oaaaeiuo no?ai. Iaeiaei iie oaeaea o/eouaatho eacaonoaineea
iniaaiiinoe ?uiea ?aeeaiu, eioi?ua aiinyo naie ei??aeoe?iaee a
oai?aoe/aneea iniiau. *oiau iiiyoue yoe iniaaiiinoe, iaiaoiaeeii
?anniio?aoue nia?aiaiiue ?uiie ?aeeaiu a ?anioaeeea Eacaonoai.
§1. Oi?ie?iaaiea nia?aiaiiiai ?uiea ?aeeaiu a
?anioaeeea
Eacaonoai.
?aeeaia eae iaeei ec aeaeia aeayoaeueiinoe ii oi?ie?iaaieth e
noeioee?iaaieth ni?ina ca?iaeeeanue ia oa??eoi?ee Eacaonoaia aua a
ae?aaiaeoea a?aiaia. Eacaonoai a aeaiiii neo/aa ia yaeyaony
eneeth/aieai. Iaeaieueoaa iaeeaeaiea a noa?a ?aeeaiu a
aeieaieoaeenoe/aneee ia?eiae i?eoiaeeony ia n?aaeiaaaeiauea. A yoi a?aiy
/a?ac caiee nia?aiaiiiai Eacaonoaia i?ioiaeeee iaeeaeaiiaeoea oi?aiaua
o?ainii?oiua eaiioieeaoeee, iaeiie ec eioi?uo yaeyny Aaeeeee Oaeeiaue
Iooue. Ia i?ioyaeaiee anaai yoiai iooe e?oiiua ai?iaea auee ianoaie
aeoeaiiai iaiaia iaaeaeo Ainoieii e Caiaaeii. Aicieeee e i?ioeaaoaee
y?ia?ee. Iaeia ec e?oiiaeoeo iaoiaeeeanue ia oa??eoi?ee nia?aiaiiie
Aeiaoeineie iaeanoe a ianoa/ea Ea?ea?a aeec iinaeea Eaaaiue. Eoioeu ec
iiiaeo no?ai inoaiaaeeaaeenue caeanue, ?aneeaaeuaaee oiaa?u, caeeth/aee
naeaeee, eioi?ua, anoanoaaiii, nii?iaaaeaeaeenue “?aeeaie?iaaieai” naieo
oiaa?ia n oeaeueth eo iaeaieaa auaiaeiie i?iaeaaee. Ii ana-oaee yoi ia
auea ?aeeaia a nia?aiaiiii aa iiieiaiee.
Aaeaeaaoiay ?aeeaiiay aeayoaeueiinoue ca?iaeeeanue a Eacaonoaia a yiioo
?anoeaaoa IYIa. Eiaiii yoio ia?eiae iciaiaiiaaeny oaaee/aieai iioiea
oiaa?ia oe?ieiai iio?aaeaiey e ?anoeaaoii ?aeeaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe.
Oa?aeoa?iie iniaaiiinoueth oiai ia?eiaea auei oi, /oi ?aeeaiiay
aeayoaeueiinoue inouanoaeyeanue a oneiaeyo “?uiea i?iaeaaoea”, ii n
e?aeia ia?aie/aiiui ieaoaaeaniiniaiui ni?nii. Ii naiae nooe iia auea
ynoace?iaaiiie e oiic?eoaeueiie. Oe?ieia ?ani?ino?aiaiea eiae
ooaeiaeanoaaiiue noeeue “a?aooeoe”. E niaeaeaieth, ia inoaeinue ieeaeeo
naeaeaoaeuenoa i iaee/ee e ?aaioa ?aeeaiiuo aaaionoa a Eacaonoaia.
Aa?iyoiaa anaai, eo ia nouanoaiaaei, a any ?aeeaiiay i?aeoeoeey
iinooiaea ec aieaa ?acaeouo a i?iiuoeaiiii ioiioaiee ?aaeiiia NNN?.
A ia?aua iineaaiaiiua aiaeu Eacaonoai aue oaea ?anioaeeeie n ?acaeoie
i?iiuoeaiiie aacie e ?aeeaiiay aeayoaeueiinoue eiaea i?i/ioth iniiao.
Aeieoiaioaeueii caoeene?iaaii, /oi ia?aay i?aaiecaoeey, caieiathuayny
i?iecaiaenoaii ?aeeaiiie i?iaeoeoeee, iiyaeeanue a Eacaonoaia a 1951 a.
e iacuaaeanue “?aeeaia e oi?aiaia iai?oaeiaaiea”. Caoai iia auea
ia?aeiaiiaaia a “Eacoi?a?aeeaio”, e iiae yoei iacaaieai nouanoaoao aei
neo ii?. Nia/aea iia aoiaeeea a ninoaa ananithciiaiiauaaeeiaiey
“Nithcoi?a?aeeaia”, eoaea aoiaeeee i?aaiecaoeee anao ?anioaeee NNN?, ii
a 1981 a. “Eacoi?a?aeeaia” auea ia?aioi?ieaia eae i?aaiecaoeey
?anioaeeeaineiai iiae/eiaiey.
Ia?eiae ainoaea?noaaiiie iiiiiieee iaeiaeee naie ioia/aoie e ia
?aeeaio. Ii nouanoao, a nioeeaeenoe/aneii iio?aaeoaeueneii ?uiea
iuouaeny aeaoeoeeo oiaa?ia ianniaiai iio?aaeaiey, eioi?ue iaino?yeny n
eaaeaeui aiaeii, oi anoue ana aua nouanoaiaae “?uiie i?iaeaaoea”, ii
oaea n iiauneaoaeny ii n?aaiaieth n 20-ie aiaeaie ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoueth
ianaeaiey. ?aeeaia iineea iniciaiiue oa?aeoa?, oi anoue ia iio?aaeoaeae
ia ieacuaaeinue eioaineaiiai e aeoeaiiai aeaaeaiey ni noi?iiu
?aeeaiiaeaoaeae, iineieueeo eo oiaa?u ana ?aaii eiaee nauo. Aniiiiei
oi?iu ?aeeaiiuo ia?auiiee oiai a?aiaie: “Eaoaeoa naiieaoaie
“Ay?ioeioa””, “Iieoiaeoa neaa?aou”I?eia””, “Iaeoa iaoo?aeueiua niee” e
ae?oaea. Oaeay ?aeeaia ia yaeyeanue iineoaeai eioi?iaoeee i ea/anoaa
oiaa?ia e oneoa e ia ieacuaaea annioeeaoeaiiai aicaeaenoaey ia
iio?aaeoaeae. A oneiaeyo ainoaea?noaaiiiai iiiiiieecia ia nouanoaiaaei
aioo?e- e iaaeio?aneaaie eiieo?aioeee e iiyoiio ?aeeaia ia ea?aea ?iee
i?oaeey eiieo?aioiie ai?ueau. Aua iaeiie oa?aeoa?iie /a?oie oiai
ia?eiaea yaeyeinue oi, /oi iia eniieueciaaeanue eae n?aaenoai
eaeaieiae/aneie i?iiaaaiaeu e i?oaeea aaeoaoeeiiiuo ia?ii?eyoee
(“?aoaiea XV nuacaea EINN- a aeeciue”, “Ia?iae e ia?oey aaeeiu”,
“Aa?aaeoa yeaeo?iyia?aeth” e ae?oaea).
Oaeei ia?acii, ?aeeaia a niaaoneee ia?eiae ia auiieiyea anao ooieoeee,
eioi?ua iia aeieaeia auea auiieiyoue a oneiaeyo ?uii/iiai oicyenoaa, oi
anoue iia auea iaeiooieoeeiiaeueiie e ia ea?aea aieueoie ?iee a
yeiiiieea. Ii yoi eanaeinue oieueei ?aeeaiu ia aioo?aiieo ?uieao NNN?, a
ia aiaoieo niaaoneeie aiaoiaoi?aiauie i?aaenoaaeoaeuenoaaie aeey
i?iaeaeaeaiey ioa/anoaaiiie i?iaeoeoeee eniieueciaaeenue iiaeoiaeu,
oi?iu e iaoiaeu ?aeeaiu, i?eiyoua ai anai inoaeueiii ie?a.
Yiioa “ia?ano?ieee” noaea ia?eiaeii ?aoi?ie?iaaiey yeiiiie/aneie
nenoaiu Niaaoneiai Nithca e iciaiaiiaaeanue e?ooaieai ainoaea?noaaiiie
iiiiiieee. Eiaiii a yoi a?aiy ia/aeanue e yiioa “Aic?iaeaeaiey” a
?aeeaia. Iia ia?anoaea auoue oi?iie aeayoaeueiinoe ?aaee aeayoaeueiinoe,
a noaea noa?ie i?eaeeiaeaiey i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneeo oneeee. A 90-a a.a.
iaaethaeaaony ao?iue ?ino ?aeeaiiuo aaaionoa. Iiaua oi?iu oicyenoaiaaiey
aic?iaeeee ?uiie e eiieo?aioeeth e aeaee iiuiue eiioeuen ?acaeoeth
?aeeaiiiai aeciana a auaoai NNN?. A iineaaeiea aiaeu nicaeai “?uiie
iio?aaeoaey”.
Aiaeec ninoiyiey ?uiea ?aeeaiu, a oaeaea oaiaeaioeee aai ?acaeoey a
?anioaeeea Eacaonoai ?anniio?ei ia i?eia?a aeayoaeueiinoe ?aeeaiiuo
aaaionoa a THaeii-Eacaonoaineie iaeanoe (THEI). Ii aeaiiui ia 1 yiaa?y
1998aiaea a a.Ouieaioa ca?aaeno?e?iaaii 15 naiinoiyoaeueiuo ?aeeaiiuo
aaaionoa. Niaeanii iieo/aiiui aeaiiui, ana yoe aaaionoaa iiaeii oneiaii
?acaeaeeoue ia 3 a?oiiu a niioaaonoaee n ?acia?aie eo iniiaiuo oiiaeia:
iaeeea (aei 50000 oaiaa), n?aaeiea (io 50000 aei 300000 oaiaa), e?oiiua
(nauoa 300000 oaiaa).
Oaaeeoea 1.
Eiee/anoai
aaaionoa % io iauaai
eiee/anoaa
Iaeeea
(aei 50 oun. oaiaa)
5
33,3
N?aaeiea
(50-300 oun. oaiaa)
6
40,0
E?oiiua
(aieaa 300 oun. oaiaa)
4
26,7
Ii oi?iai nianoaaiiinoe aeaiiua aaaionoaa iiaeii ?acaeaeeoue ia
neaaeothuea a?oiiu:
Oaaeeoea 2.
Oi?ia
nianoaaiiinoe Eiee/anoai
aaaionoa % io iauaai
eiee/anoaa
Ainoaea?noaaiiua
1
6,7
*anoiua e
eieeaeoeaiua
13
86,6
N eiino?aiiui
o/anoeai
1
6,7
A iniiaiii, oneoae iaeeeo ?aeeaiiuo aaaionoa ia?aie/eaathony
iin?aaeie/anoaii i?e ?aciauaiee ?aeeaiiuo ia?auaiee a n?aaenoaa
ianniaie eioi?iaoeee e ae?oaeo n?aaenoaao ?aeeaiiie eiiioieeaoeee, /oi
oa?aeoa?ecoao eo eae iaiieiioeaiiuo ia?oia?ia ii ?aeeaiiiio aeciano.
Oieueei n?aaeiea e e?oiiua aaaionoaa iiaoo i?aaeinoaaeyoue oe?ieee e?oa
?aeeaiiuo oneoa nianoaaiiuie neeaie aac i?eaea/aiey niaoeeaeenoia ni
nioiiu, /oi au?aaeaaony a aieaa ea/anoaaiiii auiieiaiee caeacia ii
n?aaiaieth n iaeeeie aaaionoaaie. I?aeoeea iieacuaaao, /oi /aua anaai
n?aaeiea e e?oiiua aaaionoaa niaoeeaeece?othony ia i?iecaiaenoaa e
?ani?ino?aiaiee ianeieueeeo aeaeia ?aeeaiiie i?aeoeoeee, iaeaaeay
ii?aaeaeaiiie oieaa?naeueiinoueth.
Aai?y i oii, iiiai yoi eee iaei- 15 aaaionoa aeey ai?iaea n aieaa /ai
iieoieeeeiiiui ianaeaieai, neaaeoao eiaoue a aeaeo aua iaeio
iniaaiiinoue ?aeeaiiiai aeciana a Eacaonoaia. Iiiaea noauaeou ?aeeaiiie
aeayoaeueiinoe ?aaioatho aac naiinoiyoaeueiie ?aaeno?aoeee, oae eae
yaeythony no?oeoo?iuie iiae?acaeaeaieyie n?aaenoa ianniaie eioi?iaoeee,
ii nooe aea iie aunooiatho naiinoiyoaeueiuie ?aeeaiiuie aaaionoaaie.
Ii aeaiiui Iaoeeiiaeueiiai aaaionoaa ii aeaeai ia/aoe e ianniaie
eioi?iaoeee ?anioaeeee Eacaonoai ia 1 yiaa?y 1995a. a no?aia
ca?aaeno?e?iaaii 1523 n?aaenoaa ianniaie eioi?iaoeee (?aaeno?aoeey
a?aiaiii i?ae?auaia).
Ii e?aeiae ia?a iieiaeia i?aaei?eyoee ianniaie eioi?iaoeee eiaao
ioaeaeu ?aeeaiiiai ianeoaeeaaiey, eioi?ua ii noaoono iiaeii i?e?aaiyoue
e ?aeeaiiui aaaionoaai. E iei aea iiaeii ioianoe e ?aeeaiiua ioaeaeu
i?aaei?eyoee ai?iaeneiai o?ainii?oa, iieea?aoe/aneie i?iiuoeaiiinoe,
ecaeaoaeuenoa.
Nia?aiaiiia ninoiyiea ?aeeaiiiai ?uiea a Eacaonoaia iiaeii
ioa?aeoa?eciaaoue eae oea?noai iieiie aia?oee e oaina. Aei neo ii? ia
i?eiyo Caeii “I ?aeeaia”, iaoiaeyueeny a noaaeee ?ac?aaioee oaea ie
iaeei ianyoe. Aeaaiaea?y ionoonoaeth i?aaiaie iniiau, ?aaeaiaioe?othuae
?acaeoea ?aeeaiiiai aeciana a ?anioaeeea, ioa/anoaaiiay ?aeeaiiay
aeayoaeueiinoue ia niioaaonoaoao iaaeaeoia?iaeiui ii?iai e i?aaeeai. A
aaaeue ?aeeaia yaeyaony aaaeiie iaiouaieaiie /anoueth eio?ano?oeoo?u
nia?aiaiiiai ?uii/iiai oicyenoaa, e, anee iu oioei eioaa?e?iaaoueny a
ie?iaoth yeiiiie/aneoth nenoaio, iu i?inoi iaycaiu i?eaanoe naith
i?aeoeeo aaaeaiey i?aaei?eiaiaoaeueneie aeayoaeueiinoe a niioaaonoaea n
iauai?eiyouie i?eioeeiaie, aeaenoaothueie a ie?iaii niiauanoaa. Ia
aeaiiue aea iiiaio a eacaonoaineie ?aeeaiiie i?aeoeea iaaethaeaaony ?yae
iaaaoeaiuo yaeaiee, niaa?oaiii ia i?eaieaiuo a ?acaeouo no?aiao. Yoi-
ia?ooaiea aaoi?neeo e niaaeiuo i?aa ?aeeaiiaeaoaeyie,
?aeeaiii?iecaiaeeoaeyie e ?aeeaii?ani?ino?aieoaeyie, iaoiaeyuaa
au?aaeaiea a i?a?uaaiee aaoi?neeo oaeai?ia?aii e ooaeiaeanoaaiiuo
oeeueiia aac niioaaonoaothuaai ?ac?aoaiey i?aaiiaeaaeaoaeae;
eiie?iaaiea, oe?aaee?iaaiea e ?ani?ino?aiaiea?aeeaiiie i?iaeoeoeee aac
oaeeo ?ac?aoaiee. Yoi e ?ani?ino?aiaiea ioe?iaaiii eaeeaie e
iaaeinoiaa?iie ?aeeaiu, eioi?ay i?eaiaeeo e yeiiiie/aneie e nioeeaeueiie
iai?yaeaiiinoe a iauanoaa.
A ianoiyuaa a?aiy a ?anioaeeea Eacaonoai ia nouanoaoao ?aaeueiie neeu,
niiniaiie ?aaoee?iaaoue e ?aaeaiaioe?iaaoue yeiiiie/aneea e
th?eaee/aneea ioiioaiey a iaeanoe ?aeeaiu. ?aeeaiiaeaoaee aeoeaii
eniieuecotho neiaeeaoothny neooaoeeth anaaeicaieaiiinoe, ia aiynue
iiianoe ieeaeie ioaaonoaaiiinoe.
Nia?aiaiiay ?aeeaia a Eacaonoaia ia?aaeeaaao yoai naiaai noaiiaeaiey.
Yoai aic?iaeaeaiey oaea caaa?oai. Eaeao aeoeaiue i?ioeann iiciaiey
i?eioeeiia ?aeeaiiiai aeciana. Aeey eacaonoaineie ?aeeaiu oa?aeoa?ii
ieceia, ii n?aaiaieth n ia?acoeaie ec aieaa ?acaeouo no?ai, ea/anoai
?aeeaiiie i?aeoeoeee. Eiia/ii nouanoaotho e eneeth/aiey ec i?aaee, oi
anoue aaaionoaa, ?aaioathuea ia ie?iaii o?iaia, ii eo iaei.
Ieceee o?iaaiue ea/anoaa ?aeeaiiuo oneoa e i?iaeoeoeee iaoneiaeai
aeaoiy iniiaiuie oaeoi?aie. Ai-ia?auo, eacaonoaineea ?aeeaiiaeaoaee ia
eiatho aeinoaoi/iiai oaoie/aneiai iaania/aiey aeey i?iecaiaenoaa
ea/anoaaiiie i?iaeoeoeee e ia iaeaaeatho nia?aiaiiuie oaoiieiaeyie.
Aieueoeinoao ?aeeaiiuo aaaionoa oi?ioaa iai?oaeiaaiea i?inoi ia
aeinooiii ec-ca iaoaaoee n?aaenoa ia aai i?eia?aoaiea. Ai-aoi?uo,
?aeeaiiue aecian ?anioaeeee iuouaao neeueioth iaoaaoeo
eaaeeoeoee?iaaiiuo eaae?ia, a oaeaea ia oaaoaao i?oanneiiaeueiie
iiaeaioiaee e iiuoa o iaiaaeaea?ia anao caaiueaa ?oeiaiaenoaa ?aeeaiiui
i?ioeannii, o yeiiiienoia- ?aeeaiiaaaeia.
I?aaiecaoeey ?aai/aai i?ioeanna iiiaeo ?aeeaiiuo aaaionoa naiaeeony e
?anoe?aieth naiae aaaioneie naoe a oeaeyo i?eaea/aiey aieueoaai /enea
eeeaioia, ii ieeae ia naycaia n oeo/oaieai e iioeiecaoeeae
i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai i?ioeanna e iiauoaiey ea/anoaa.
?aeeaia a Eacaonoaia eiaao aua ianeieueei iniaaiiinoae, naycaiiuo n
iauae yeiiiie/aneie neooaoeeae a ?anioaeeea.
Iineieueeo ia aioo?aiiai iio?aaeoaeueneii ?uiea i?aiaeaaeatho oiaa?u
ca?oaaaeiiaii?iecaiaenoaa, oi, eae neaaenoaea, iiaeaaeythuaa
aieueoeinoai ?aeeaiiuo ia?auaiee yaeyaony ?aeeaiie oiaa?ia eiino?aiiiai
i?iecaiaenoaa. Yoa ?aeeaia, einaaiiui ia?acii yaeyaony iaaeaeoia?iaeiie
?aeeaiie, oae eae a eiia/iii eoiaa iia noeioee?oao i?iaeaeaeaiea ia
ioa/anoaaiiue ?uiie eiii?oiie i?iaeoeoeee. I?iaiaeece?iaaa ?aeeaiiua
iauyaeaiey a n?aaenoaao ianniaie eioi?iaoeee iu i?eoee e neaaeothuei
?acoeueoaoai: ?aeeaia ioa/anoaaiiuo oiaa?ia e oneoa ia i?aauoaao 40%
iauaai iauaia aacaoiie ?aeeaiu, e ninoaaeyao iaiaa 25% ?aeeaiu ia
oaeaaeaeaiee.
Aiai?y i i?aiaeaaeaiee ia eacaonoaineii ?aeeaiiii ?uiea
iaaeaeoia?iaeiie ?aeeaiu, neaaeoao ?acaeaeeoue aa ia aeaa a?oiiu:
– nianoaaiii iaaeaeoia?iaeiay ?aeeaia eiino?aiiuo i?iecaiaeeoaeae,
?ann/eoaiiay ia eacaonoaineeo iio?aaeoaeae anao eaoaai?ee. E oaeie
?aeeaia iiaeii ioianoe nauoiaoth aeayoaeueiinoue ia eacaonoaineii ?uiea
oaeeo eiiiaiee, eae “Nestle”, “Wrigles”, “Procter & Gamble”;
– eieaeaeaaay ?aeeaia eacaonoaineeo eiiia?naioia, i?ecuaathuay
niaa?oeoue iieoiee a aeaiiii iaaaceia, o aeaiiiai oi?aiaoea, o aeaiiie
oe?iu. E yoie a?oiia ioiineony ?aeeaia eiiiaiee “Aooy”, “Anoaia-iioi?c”
e ae?oaea. Aeaiiue aeae ?aeeaiu iiyoue-oaee noeioee?oao nauo oiaa?ia
ca?oaaaeiiai i?iecaiaenoaa.
Anee aiai?eoue i ninoiyiee nia?aiaiiiai ?uiea ?aeeaiu a Eacaonoaia, oi
neaaeoao ioiaoeoue aoa iaeio aaaeioth iniaaiiinoue, a eiaiii oi, /oi ii
aanueia ia?aie/ai.
Oa?aeoa?iie /a?oie ?aeeaiiiai ?uiea Eacaonoaia yaeyaony oi, /oi
iniiaiay ?aeeaiiay aeayoaeueiinoue nin?aaeioi/aia a ai?iaeao e
i?eeaaathueo e iei naeueneeo oa??eoi?eyo Yoi iaoneiaeaii oai, /oi ec-ca
eo/oaai iaoa?eaeueiiai iieiaeaiey aeeoaeae ai?iaeia e i?eai?iaeia ii
n?aaiaieth n aeeoaeyie naeueneeo ?aeiiia ai?iaeneia ianaeaiea yaeyaony
naiie aeoeaiie eaoaai?eae iieoiaoaeae e ai?iaeneea ?uiee aieaa aieea,
iaaeaee naeueneea. Oaeei ia?acii, iiaeii neacaoue, /oi ?aeeaiiay
aeayoaeueiinoue a ?anioaeeea aeoeaece?oaony, a iniiaiii aioo?e e?oiiuo e
n?aaeieo ai?iaeia, a iaeanoiuo e ?aeiiiuo oeaio?ao.
Ia?aie/aieinoue aieinoe ?aeeaiiiai ?uiea ii?iaeaeaao aeanoeoth
eiieo?aioeeth iaaeaeo ?aeeaiiuie aaaionoaaie, n?aaenoaaie ?aeeaiiie
eiiioieeaoeee e ?aeeaiii?iecaiaeeoaeyie ca iioaioeeaeueiuo iio?aaeoaeae
eo oneoa. Neaaenoaeai aeaiiie ai?ueau, eioi?ay aaaeaony, a iniiaiii, ia
oeaiiaie iniiaa, yaeyaony ieceay noieiinoue ?aeeaiiuo oneoa a
?anioaeeea.
Ieceee o?iaaiue oeai ia ?aeeaiiua oneoae eiaao ?yae iaaaoeaiuo aniaeoia
eae aeey ?aeeaiiuo aaaionoa, oae e aeey iio?aaeoaeae. Ai-ia?auo, ieceea
oeaiu ia ?aeeaio aeaeatho aa aeinooiiie aeey eaaeaeiai oicyenoaothuaai
noauaeoa. Ia iio?aaeoaeae aaeaaeiaaii ia?ooeaaaony iioie ?aeeaiiie
eioi?iaoeee, eioi?ay a neeo iaeiio?iee?oaiinoe ?aeeaiiiai ?uiea yaeyaony
ca/anooth eaeeaie, iaaeinoiaa?iie e iaaeia?iniaanoiie. A yoi aea/ao ca
niaie i?yiie oua?a aeey iio?aaeoaeae. Ai-aoi?uo, i/aiue ieceee o?iaaiue
oeai ia ?aeeaio iiieaeaao o?iaaiue i?eauee ?aeeaiii?iecaiaeeoaeae e
?aeeaii?ani?ino?aieoaeae, aeaeay ?aeeaiiue aecian iaiaa ?aioaaaeueiui,
nieaeaao iai?iou eaieoaeia a noa?a ?aeeaeiu, /oi cia/eoaeueii oi?iiceo
?acaeoea ?aeeaiiiai ?uiea a oeaeii. Aei oao ii?, iiea oeaiu ia
?aeeaiioth i?iaeoeoeeth aoaeoo inoaaaoueny ia iaaeiioneii ieceii o?iaia,
yoa noa?a i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneie aeayoaeueiinoe ia aoaeao eiaoue
ia?niaeoea aeey ea/anoaaiiiai ?inoa e aoaeao ia?aie/eaaoueny eeoue
yenoaineaiui ?acaeoeai.
Oaia?ue ?anniio?ei aeayoaeueiinoue ?aeeaiiuo aaaionoa a Eacaonoaia ia
i?eia?a ?aeeaiiiai aaaionoaa “?ooa”, ?aniieiaeaiiiai a ai?iaea Ouieaioa.
§2. ?aeeaiiia aaaionoai “?ooa” (a. Ouieaio).
?aeeaiiia aaaionoai “?ooa” auei nicaeaii 4 ethiy 1996 aiaea. Iieiia
iacaaiea: Oiaaa?euanoai n ia?aie/aiiie ioaaonoaaiiinoueth “?aeeaiiia
aaaionoai “?ooa””. Aa o/?aaeeoaeyie yaeythony 2 th?eaee/aneeo eeoea e 1
oece/aneia eeoei. Iii auei nicaeaii a niioaaonoaee n A?aaeaeaineei
Eiaeaenii ?anioaeeee Eacaonoai e Oeacii I?aceaeaioa ?E eiathuee neeo
Caeiia “I oicyenoaaiiuo oiaa?euanoaao”,
Onoaaiie oiiae ninoaaeyao 380000 oaiaa, 35% auee aianaiu a iiiaio
?aaeno?aoeee aaaionoaa, inoaaoay /anoue- 65% aianaia a oa/aiee aiaea,
Oaeei ia?acii ?aeeaiiia aaaionoai “?ooa” iiaeii ioianoe ii
eeanneoeeaoeee e e?oiiui aaaionoaai, i?eiaaeeaaeauei /anoiui eeoeai.
Oeaee ?aeeaiiiai aaaionoaa. Iniiaiua caaea/e aaaionoaa- i?aaiecaoeey
?aeeaiii – eioiiaoeeiiiie neoaeau, iinoaiiaea ?aeeaiiiai aeaea ia
nia?aiaiiii o?iaia, oii?yaei/aiea nenoaiu ?aciauaiey ?aeeaiu a ia/aoiuo
ecaeaieyo, ia ?aaeei e oaeaaeaeaiee, oeo/oaiea aeecaeia ?aeeaiu,
i?iaaaeaiea ?aeeaiiuo eaiiaiee.
?aoaiea yoeo caaea/ iiiiaaao aeinoeaiooue iniiaiuo oeaeae, iinoaaeaiiuo
ia?aae aaaionoaii a ia?eiae aai ia?aciaaiey. Yoi- yooaeoeaiay
aeayoaeueiinoue ?aeeaiiiai aaaionoaa, i?eiinyuay aeinoaoi/ioth i?eaueue
aeey nouanoaiaaiey e ?acaeoey, eioi?ay aeinoeaaaony iooai caaiaaaiey
ii?aaeaeaiiie aeiee ?uiea ia ia/aeueiii yoaia n iineaaeothuei aai
?anoe?aieai. Aeey yoiai aaaionoai ia ia/aeueiii yoaia noaaeea oeaeue
iienea naieo eeeaioia, nicaeaiea ia?aca oe?iu e cae?aieaiea a ?aeeaiiii
aeciana. Iinea yoiai aaaionai niae?aeinue ?anoe?youeny, caaiaauaay ana
aieueoa ianoiue ?uiie ?aeeaiu, aeinoeaay yoiai iooai aeeaa?neoeeaoeee
naiae aeayoaeueiinoe ii anai iai?aaeaieyi.
Ia aeaiiue iiiaio ?aeeaiiia aaaionoai “?ooa” i?ioea yoai noaiiaeaiey ca
2,5 aiaea. Oaia?ue iia i?iaiaeeo iieeoeeo caaiaaaiey ?uiea iooai
i?aaeinoaaeaiey naiei eeeaioai anaai niaeo?a ?aeeaiiie i?iaeoeoeee,
i?iecaiaeeiie ii ie?iaui noaiaea?oai.
Iniiaiua aeaeu aeayoaeueiinoe. Aeey aeinoeaeaiey iinoaaeaiiuo oeaeae
?aeeaiiia aaaionoai auiieiyao neaaeothuea aeaeu aeayoaeueiinoe, ia
cai?auaiiua aa onoaaii:
– auione ia?eiaee/aneeo e eiuo ecaeaiee niaeanii Caeiio “I ia/aoe e
ae?oaeo n?aaenoaao ianniaie eioi?iaoeee ?anioaeeee Eacaonoai”;
– ?aeeaiiay aeayoaeueiinoue;
– ?ani?ino?aiaiea ia?eiaee/aneeo ecaeaiee;
– nicaeaiea eiioeaioeee, aeecaeia aacao, aeo?iaeia ii caeacai;
– ?ac?aaioea e ecaioiaeaiea yneecia, i?eaeiaeia- iaeaoia;
– ?ac?aaioea, ecaioiaeaiea e ?aaeecaoeey ?aeeaiiie e ni?aai/iie
eioi?iaoeee;
– ooaeiaeanoaaiii-ioi?ieoaeueneea ?aaiou oe?iaiiiai noeey o/?aaeaeaiee,
iauanoaaiiuo i?aaiecaoeee;
– inouanoaeaiea aeecaeia?neeo ?ac?aaioie;
– ecaioiaeaiea e ?aaeecaoeey y?eueia, yoeeaoie, aeceoiuo ea?oi/ae,
ioe?uoie;
– i?aaiecaoeey aeinoaa ianaeaiey;
– auione oiaa?ia ia?iaeiiai iio?aaeaiey (noaaie?u, cia/ee, yiaeaiu e
o.ae.);
– eioi?iaoeeiiiua oneoae;
– oe?aaee?iaaiea ia/aoiie i?iaeoeoeee e aeieoiaioaoeee;
– iaeea?neay aeayoaeueiinoue a noa?a iaaeaeaeeiinoe;
– eiiia?/anei-iin?aaeie/aneay e oi?aiai-caeoii/iay aeayoaeueiinoue;
– o?ainii?oiua oneoae;
– i?aaiecaoeey aunoaaie, aoeoeeiiia e y?ia?ie;
– i?aaiecaoeey eo?nia e oeie ?aciiai i?ioeey;
– aiaoiayeiiiie/aneay aeayoaeueiinoue;
– ae?oaea aeaeu aeayoaeueiinoe, ia cai?auaiiua caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii
?anioaeeee Eacaonoai e o?aaothuea eeoeaicee, aoaeoo inouanoaeyoueny
iinea iieo/aiey niioaaonoaothueo ?ac?aoaiee.
Auiieiyy ana auoaia?a/eneaiiua aeaeu aeayoaeueiinoe, ?aeeaiiia
aaaionoai aeiaeaaaony iinoaaeaiiuo oeaeae. I?iaiaeece?iaaa eo, au
iiaeaoa caiaoeoue, /oi ?aeeaiiia aaaionoai “?ooa” ia ia?aie/eaaaony
oieueei ?aaeeaiiie aeayoaeueiinoueth. Iii oaeaea caieiaaony
aeayoaeueiinoueth, naycaiiie n ae?oaeie aeaeaie i?iecaiaenoaa e
i?aaeinoaaeaiey oneoa (iai?eia?, oi?aiaey, i?aaiecaoeey aeinoaa
ianaeaiey e ae?oaea). Yoi naycaii n oai, /oi ec-ca ieceeo oeai ia
?aeeaiiua oneoae, ei i?eoiaeeony oaeaea ca?aaaouaaoue aeaiueae a ae?oaeo
noa?ao, /oiau iaania/eoue i?eaueueiinoue naiaai i?aaei?eyoey. Yoei ia
aeaiiue iiiaio caieiathony ana /anoiua i?aaei?eyoey, ?aaioay ia oieueei
a naiae noa?a, ii e auiieiyy aeiiieieoaeueioth ?aaioo a ae?oaeo iaeanoyo
(/aua anaai a oi?aiaea),ia naycaiiie n eo iniiaiie aeayoaeueiinoueth.
Yoi- iniaaiiinoue iuiaoiaai ia?aoiaeiiai a?aiaie.
I?aaiecaoeeiiiay noaia ?aeeaiiiai aaaionoaa “?ooa”:
Aee?aeoi?
Ia/aeueiee enneaaeiaaoaeueneiai Ia/aeueiee
oai?/aneiai
ioaeaea
ioaeaea
Enneaaeiaaoaeueneee
Oai?/aneee
ioaeae
ioaeae
Iieneiaue Eo?uea?neee Eiiia?/aneee Eo?uea?neee I?iecaiaenoa.
naeoi? naeoi? naeoi? naeoi?
naeoi?
Iiaenaeoi? Eiiiuethoa?iue
Ooaeiaeanoaaiiue
iiaeaioiaee iiaenaeoi?
iiaenaeoi?
eaae?ia
Aunoei i?aaiii, i?eieiathuei aaaeiua i?iecaiaenoaaiiua ?aoaiey, a
oaeaea onoaiaaeeaathuei no?aoaaeth ?acaeoey aaaionoaa, yaeyaony- iauaa
nia?aiea o/anoieeia oiaa?euanoaa. Oaeouaa ?oeiaiaenoai inouanoaeyaony
aee?aeoi?ii, iacia/aaiui iauei nia?aieai. A aai iaycaiiinoe aoiaeeo
iia?aoeaiia ?oeiaiaenoai aeayoaeueiinoueth ?aeeaiiiai aaaionoaa, iaai? e
oaieueiaiea nio?oaeieeia, ?aoaiea aii?inia, eanathueony auiieiaieth
iieo/aiiiai caeaca.
I?ioeann nicaeaiey ?aeeaiu. I?ioeann nicaeaiey ?aeeaiu eaeao ii
neaaeothuae noaia: iiene iioaioeeaeueiuo eeeaioia e iaci? ?uiea
inouanoaeyaony enneaaeiaaoaeueneei ioaeaeii ia iniiaa ni?aai/iuo
ecaeaiee, a oaeaea iooai aeoeaiiai iienea iieneiaui naeoi?ii. Iaeaey
eeeaioa, iieneiaue naeoi? ia?aaeaao aai eo?uea?neiio naeoi?o, eioi?ue
ia/eiaao i?ioeann ia?aaiai?ia. Ia?aeeaeueii e eo?uea?neiio naeoi?o
iiaeeeth/aaony eiiia?/aneee, eioi?ue i?i?aaaouaaao aii?inu
oeiaine?iaaiey.
Aeiaiai?eaoenue n caeac/eeii ia n/ao ?aeeaiu e oeiainia,
enneaaeiaaoaeueneee ioaeae ia?aaeaao caeac a oai?/aneee ioaeae aeey aai
auiieiaiey. A i?ioeanna nicaeaiey ?aeeaiiie eaiiaiee aaaionoai ia iaeei
?ac eiinoeueoe?oaony n eeeaioii aeey ei??aeoe?iaee naieo aeaenoaee n
aeaeaieyie caeac/eea. Auiieiea caeac, ?aeeaiiia aaaionoai noa?aaony
nio?aieoue nayce n eeeaioii aeey aeaeueiaeoae ?aaiou.
Iniiaiua ?acoeueoaou aeayoaeueiinoe ?aeeaiiiai aaaionoaa “?ooa” n
iiiaioa aai nicaeaiey. Aaaionoai auei nicaeaii 4 ethiy 1996 aiaea. N
oiai iiiaioa i?ioei ii/oe 2,5 aiaea. Ca yoi a?aiy iii ia?aoei io yoaia
noaiiaeaiey e yoaio ?anoe?aiey. Ia aeaiiue iiiaio ?aeeaiiia aaaionoai
caieiaao iaeii ec aaaeoueo iano a THaeii-Eacaonoaineie iaeanoe, auiieiyy
oe?ieee niaeo? oneoa a noa?a ?aeeaiu.
Anee i?iaiaeece?iaaoue aeaiiua i i?eaueueiinoe, oi iiaeii caiaoeoue,
/oi ca 1996 a. “?ooa” ia eiaea i?eauee, a iaiai?io auea a oauoea, 1997
a. aaaionoai eiaei ioeaaie aeioiae, e oieueei a 1998 a. oaeaeinue
iieo/eoue i?eaueue, aeanoaoi/ioth aeey iie?uoey ?anoiaeia e aeey
aeaeueiaeoaai ?anoe?aiey. Oi anoue caeanue n?aaioae i?eioeei: “Ia?aue
aiae ou ei?ieoue aeaei; aoi?ie aiae ou ei?ieoue aeaei, a aeaei ei?ieo
oaay; e iaeiiaoe a o?aoee aiae aeaei ei?ieo oaay.”
Ia?aue aiae oe?ia oieueei auoei ia ?uiie ?aeeaiu, iiyoiio ae
iaiaoiaeeii auei iio?aoeoue ii?aaeaeaiiua n?aaenoaa, /oiau i?eaea/ue e
naaa aieiaiea. ?anoiaeu, naycaiiua n oi?ie?iaaieai eieaeaea ?aeeaiiiai
aaaionoaa, a iniiaiii a ia/aea ia i?eiineee ioaea/e. Ai aoi?ie aiae
aaaionoai iinoaiaiii cae?aieeinue ia ?uiea, iaoei naith “ieoo”.
N?aaenoaa, iio?a/aiiua ia eieaeae noaee iinoaiaiii aiciauaoueny. A yoio
ia?eiae “?ooa” niaoeeaeece?iaaeanue oieueei ia ?aciauaiee ?aeeai ia
oaeaaeaeaiee e a ia/aoiuo ecaeaieyo, a oaeaea auioneii anaaiciiaeiie
ia/aoiie i?iaeoeoeee (eaeaiaea?eee, ioe?uoee, aeceoiua ea?oi/ee e
o.ae.). 1997 aiae i?ioae aac oauoie, ii e aac i?eauee. A1998 aiaeo
?aeeaiiiio aaaionoao “?ooa” iaeiiaoe oaeaeinue iaeoe naay a ?aeeaiiii
aeciana.
Yoio aiae iciaiaiiaaeny aeey aaaionoaa oai, /oi o/aa naie ioeaee e
iaoaea/e ca i?ioaaeoea aiaeu, iii iiiaiyei naith no?aoaaeth. Oaia?ue
aaaionoai ia no?aieeanue iieiinoueth auiieiyoue anth ?aeeaiioth
eaiiaieth naieie neeaie. Iii caiyeinue eii?aeeie?othuae ?aaioie:
i?eieiay caeac o eeeaioia, /anoue auiieiyei naieie neeaie, anee yoi auei
yooaeoeaii, a ae?oaoth /anoue ia?aaeaaaei niaoeeaeenoai ni noi?iiu,
eioi?ua eiaee aieueoie oaeaio a iaeanoe i?eeeaaeiiai eneonnoaa e
ooaeiaeanoaa, ii ia iiaee iaeoe caeaca. E?iia oiai, o/aa
niaoeeaeecaoeeth eiieo?aioia a iaeanoe ia?oaeiae ?aeeaiu ( ?aeeaiiua
aaaionoaa “Patric”, “I?iae”), a oaeaea eiieo?aioia a i?iecaiaenoaa
ia/aoiie i?iaeoeoeee (ioe?uoee, aeceoiua ea?oi/ee, eaeaiaea?eee),
?aeeaiiia aaaionoai “?ooa” ?aoeei niaoeeaeece?iaaoueny ia ?aeeaia a
ae?oaeo iaeanoyo: a n?aaenoaao ianniaie eioi?iaoeee, i?aaiecaoeee
i?acaioaoeee e iiiaia ae?oaia, a oaeaea i?iecaiaeeoue e?iia ia/aoiie
i?iaeoeoeee oaeaea ?acee/iua noaaie?u. Yoi aeaei ?acoeueoao: aaaionoai
ca 1998 aiae niae?aaony iieo/eoue nieeaeiue aeioiae, eioi?ue iiiiaeao ei
a aeaeueiaeoai ?anoe?aiee.
Ia aeaiiue iiiaio ?aeeaiiia aaaionoai “?ooa” iiaeao ?acianoeoue ?aeeaio
a neaaeothueo aacaoao, n eioi?uie eiaao i?yiua aeiaiai?a: “Ea?aaai”,
“Iioonoie Eacaenoai”, “THaeiue Eacaonoai”, “Iaii?aia Ouieaioa”, “Ouieaio
eaeaaoi”, “Oa?a-Aa?a”, “Naiy aacaoa”, “Naaiaeiy”, “48 /ania”, “Aeaeiaie
eo?uea?”, “?aeeaia”. E?iia oiai caieaoea: /anoieee- 650 oaiaa,
eiiia?/aneea i?aaiecaoeee e o/?aaeaeaiey- 2000 oaiaa, iie iiaoo
?acianoeoue ?aeeaio a 7 aacaoao ii auai?o. Oaeaea ?aeeaio iiaeii
?acianoeue ia oaeaaeaeaiee: Iaeanoiia OA e ?aaeei, OOA, AOA, “Iou?a?”,
“THiaen-?aaeei”.
Aeey i?eaea/aiey eeeaioia aaaionoai i?aaeeaaaao ei oaeaea neaaeothuoth
oneoao: ?aciauaiea ?aeeaiu a aacaoao, auioneaaiuo a ae?oaeo ?aaeiiao
Eacaonoaia, a oaeaea a no?aiao NIA.
Oaaeeoea 3.
Iaeiaiiaaiea aacaou No?aia (ai?iae) Noieiinoue (1 ea.ni)
1. “Ea?aaai”
2. “Oeania-eioi”
3. “Aeeaiacii”
4. “Eoie-I?iaeae”
5. “?aaeii-THa”
6. “Ainoi/iua aanoe”
7. “Oaoeaionoeay
iaaeaey”
8. “Oaie oain” Eacaonoai (Aeiaou)
Eacaonoai (Anoaia)
Eacaonoai (Aeoiaa)
Eu?aucnoai (Aeoeae)
Eacaonoai (Oa?ac)
Ocaaeenoai (Oaoeaio)
Ocaaeenoai (Oaoeaio)
Eacaonoai (Einoaiae) 7 aeieea?ia NOA
120 oaiaa
80 oaiaa
2 aeieea?a NOA
80 oaiaa
80 oaiaa
80 oaiaa
120 oaiaa
E?iia iniiaiie aeayoaeueiinoe a iaeanoe ?aeeaiu ?aeeaiiia aaaionoai
“?ooa” oaeaea caieiaaony aeiiieieoaeueiie ?aaioie a iaeanoe oi?aiaee,
/oiau eiaoue aeiiieieoaeueioth i?eaueue. Oaeaea aeey enneaaeiaaiey ?uiea
iii i?iaiaeeo ii?inu n?aaee ianaeaiey, /oiau iiiyoue eo iioeau e
iiaaaeaiea. Iai?eia?, iaaeaaii aue i?iaaaeai ii?in ii iiaiaeo oiai,
eaeea eaiaeu i?aaeii/eoaao niio?aoue ianaeaiea a. Ouieaioa. Auei
ii?ioaii 300 ?aniiiaeaioia. Iieo/aiu oaeea ?acoeueoaou:
Oaaeeoea 4.
Eaiae % ianaeaiey, eioi?ue niio?eo
yoio eaiae
1. “Oaaa?”
2. Eacaonoai 1″
3. I?O
4. “Iou?a?”
5. ?O?-OA-6
6. “Eiiieaoa?”
7. IOE 81,7
12,1
87,5
84,4
7,2
0,9
15,6
Aeey iaania/aiey ?aeeaiiuo aaaionoa eaaeeoeoee?iaaiiuie eaae?aie a
noa?a ?aeeaiu “?ooa” i?e aaaionoaa i?aaieciaaea eo?nu ii iiaeaioiaea
niaoeeaeenoia-?aeeaiiaaaeia, a oaeaea iaiaaeaea?ia ?aeeaiiuo aaaionoa.
Ana yoi iiiiaaao aaaionoao iiauneoue naie eieaeae a aeacao caeac/eeia,
a oaeaea iiee/eoue eiieo?aioiua i?aeiouanoaa ia?aae ae?oaeie
aaaionoaaie.
?acthia: Iiaua oi?iu oicyenoaiaaiey aic?iaeeee ?uiie e eiieo?aioeeth e
aeaee iiuiue eiioeuen ?acaeoeth ?aeeaiiiai aeciana a auaoai NNN?. Ia
aeaiiue iiiaio a ?anioaeeea Eacaonoai noi?ie?iaaeny ioa/anoaaiiue ?uiie
?aeeaiu, eioi?ue oa?aeoa?ecoaony naieie iniaaiiinoyie , naycaiuie n
iauae yeiiiie/aneie neooaoeeae a ?anioaeeea. Nia?aiaiiia ninoiyiea
?aeeaiiiai ?uiea a Eacaonoaia iiaeii ioa?aeoa?eciaaoue eae oea?noai
iieiie aia?oee e oaina. Aei neo ii? ia i?eiyo Caeii “I ?aeeaia”,
iaoiaeyueeny a noaaeee ?ac?aaioee oaea ie iaeei ianyoe. Aeaaiaea?y
ionoonoaeth i?aaiaie iniiau, ?aaeaiaioe?othuae ?acaeoea ?aeeaiiiai
aeciana a ?anioaeeea, ioa/anoaaiiay ?aeeaiiay aeayoaeueiinoue ia
niioaaonoaoao iaaeaeoia?iaeiui ii?iai e i?aaeeai.
Ia aeaiiue aea iiiaio a eacaonoaineie ?aeeaiiie i?aeoeea iaaethaeaaony
?yae iaaaoeaiuo yaeaiee, niaa?oaiii ia i?eaieaiuo a ?acaeouo no?aiao.
Yoi, ai-ia?auo, ia niaethaeaiea aaoi?neeo e niaaeiuo i?aa i?e
i?iecaiaenoaa ?aeeaiu; ai-aoi?uo, ieceee o?iaaiue ea/anoaa ?aeeaiiie
i?iaeoeoeee e oneoa, iaoneiaeaiiue neaaui oaoie/aneei iaania/aieai
?aeeaiiuo aaaionoa, a oaeaea iaoaaoeie eaaeeoeoee?iaaiiuo eaae?ia.
Anee aiai?eoue i ninoiyiee nia?aiaiiiai ?uiea ?aeeaiu a Eacaonoaia, oi
neaaeoao ioiaoeoue aoa iaeio aaaeioth iniaaiiinoue, a eiaiii oi, /oi ii
aanueia ia?aie/ai. N eaaeaeui aiaeii /enei i?aaei?eyoee, ?aaioathueo a
Eacaonoaia nie?auaaony, a yoi aaaeao aeanoeie eiieo?aioeee n?aaee
?aeeaiiuo aaaionoa. E oiio aea nia?aiaiiay ?aeeaiiay aeayoaeueiinoue
Eacaonoaia neiioeaio?e?iaaia aie?oa e?oiiuo ianaeaiiuo ioieoia, aaea
ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoue ianaeaiey auniea. Ia?aie/aieinoue aieinoe
?aeeaiiiai ?uiea ii?iaeaeaao aeanoeoth eiieo?aioeeth iaaeaeo ?aeeaiiuie
aaaionoaaie, n?aaenoaaie ?aeeaiiie eiiioieeaoeee e
?aeeaiii?iecaiaeeoaeyie ca iioaioeeaeueiuo iio?aaeoaeae eo oneoa.
Neaaenoaeai aeaiiie ai?ueau, eioi?ay aaaeaony, a iniiaiii, ia oeaiiaie
iniiaa, yaeyaony ieceay noieiinoue ?aeeaiiuo oneoa a ?anioaeeea. Yoi
aeinoeaaaony iooai ieceiai ea/anoaa auiieiyaiuo ?aaio e oneoa, eioi?ue
iaaaoeaii aeeyao ia ?aaioo ?aeeaiiuo aaaionoa, canoaaeyy eo
iiae?aaaouaaoue a ae?oaeo noa?ao, a oaeaea ia iio?aaeoaeae, ia eioi?uo
ia?ooeaaaony iioie ?aeeaiu.
Ii e?iia iaaaoeaiuo aeeyiee a oi?ie?iaaiee nia?aiaiiiai ?uiea ?aeeaiu a
Eacaonoaia iiaeii caiaoeoue e iieiaeeoaeueiua /a?ou, naycaiiua n oai,/oi
ia aeaiiue iiiaio ?uiie ?aeeaiu i?ioae i?ioeann ca?iaeaeaiey.
Iaaethaeaaony aieueoay aeoeaiinoue a ?aeeaiiii aeciana, e iiiaea
aaaionoaa, o/anue ia naieo e /oaeeo ioeaeao, ?caeaatho e ?anoe?ytho naia
aeaei, iiauoay o?iaaiue auiieiyaiuo ?aeeaiiuo ?aaio. E?iia oiai o
ianaeaiey e i?aaei?eyoee iiyaeeanue aiciiaeiinoue i?aaenoaaeoue naie
aiciiaeiinoe aeey caeioa?aniaaiiuo ethaeae iin?aaenoaii ?aeeaiu. Yoi
iiaeii caiaoeoue ia i?eia?a ?aeeaiiiai aaaionoaa “?ooa”. O/aa ioeaee
ia?auo aiaeia, iii noiaei iaeoe naie iooue a ?aeeaiiii aeciana,
caiyaoenue eii?aeeiaoeeiiiie ?aaioie i?e i?eaia caeacia, a oaeaea
aeeaa?neoeeaoeeae naiae aeayoaeueiinoe.
Caeeth/aiea.
Iinea ia?aoiaea yeiiiieee no?aiu ia ?uii/iua ?aeuenu, aeooaeueiui anoae
aii?in i nicaeaiee niioaaononoaothuae eio?ano?oeoo?u aeey iiaeaea?aeaiey
?uii/iuo i?aia?aciaaiee. Aeey yoiai nicaeaaaeenue anaaiciiaeiua ae?aee,
/anoiua aaiee, eiinaeoeiaiaua eiiiaiee, ?aeeaiiua aaaionoaa e iiiaia
ae?oaia. Iaeiei ec aaaeiuo aii?inia auei aic?iaeaeaiea ?aeeaiiuo oneoa,
i?eaioe?iaaiiuo ia ia i?iaeaaoea, a ia iio?aaeoaey, eioi?ue niae?aaony
eoieoue oiaa? eee oneoao. Iaiaoiaeeiu auee i?aia?aciaaiey a noa?a
?aeeaiu a oneiaeyo “?uiea iio?aaeoaey”, a ia “?uiea i?iaeaaoea”, eae yoi
auei i?e eiiaiaeii-aaeieieno?aoeaiie yeiiiieea.
Ea/anoaaiiua eciaiaiey a iaeanoe ?aeeaiu iniaaiii aeooaeueiu aeey
aiaoiayeiiiie/aneie noa?u, ?acaeoea eioi?ie iai?aaeaiii ia i?eaeaiea
yenii?oo noaaeeueii ?anoouaai e, a eiia/iii n/aoa, i?ei?eoaoiiai
oa?aeoa?a, iniaaiii oaoiieiae/anee neiaeiuo e iaoeiaieeo, aiaae?aiea
aunieiyooaeoeaiuo e ia?niaeoeaiuo oi?i oi?aiaee.
Iaiin?aaenoaaiiue auoiae ia aiaoiea ?uiee i?iiuoeaiiuo, na?aeniuo
i?aaei?eyoee e ae?oaeo i?aaiecaoeee, nii?iaaaeaeathuay i?ioeann
ia?ano?ieee aiaoiayeiiiie/aneeo naycae eiiea onoa?aaoeo no?oeoo? e
noa?aioeiia ia oieueei a iaoiaeao e oi?iao aeayoaeueiinoe, ii e a
iuoeaiee, i?eaaee e ia?ainiuneaieth cia/aiey ?aeeaiu a aeayoaeueiinoe
ioa/anoaaiiuo yenii?oa?ia. Iie ana /aua oaaaeaeathony, /oi aeey oniaoiie
?aaiou ia aiaoia ?uiea iaaeinoaoi/ii iiauneoue eiieo?aioiniiniaiinoue
i?iecaiaeeiuo ecaeaeee e oneoa, iaania/eoue aeinoaoi/iua aeey
yooaeoeaiie ?aaeecaoeee ca ?oaaaeiieo iauaiu e noeioee?iaaoue
caeioa?aniaaiiinoue a yenii?oa. I?eoiaeeony oaeaea niaethaeaoue
aeaenoaothuea ia ie?iaii ?uiea caeiiu, ea/anoaaiii, n oe?ieei ioaaoiie
iai?aaeaiii eioi?ie?iaaoue ca?oaaaeiuo iio?aaeoaeae ia yenii?oa?a, aai
ecaeaeeyo e oneoaao, oi?ie?iaaoue onoie/eaue ni?in.
Ia ia?auo ii?ao i?aia?aciaaiey oee n o?oaeii. Yoi iauyniyeinue
iaiiieiaieai ?aeeaiii?iecaiaeeoaeae e ?aeeaiiaeaoaeae iiauo oneiaee
?aaiou, naycaiiuo n ia?aoiaeii e ?uieo.
Yoi iaiiieiaiea onoaoaeyeinue oaeaea eoeueoeae?iaaiiui a iaoae no?aia
iaaaoeaiui ioiioaieai e ?aeeaia eae e oeie/iiio ao?aeoaciiio einoeoooo,
a ei?ia i?ioeai?a/auaio iniaaai nioeeaeenoe/aneie yeiiiieee e
?ani?aaeaeaiey. A ?acoeueoaoa auee i?aaeii?aaeaeaiu auoothuee aei neo
ii? iiaeoiae e ?aeeaia eae e aeaeo aoi?inoaiaiiiio e ?iaeaeaiiue a
onei?aeyo oiaa?iiai aeaoeoeeoa (e ii nae aeaiue ia ecaeeoue) i?eioeei,
nooue eioi?iai a oii, /oi oi?ioee oiaa? aoaeao i?iaeai e aac ?aeeaiu.
Anoanoaaiiia a oaeeo oneiaeyo ionoaaaiea ioa/anoaaiiie ?aeeaiu e
ia?acaeoinoue aa eio?ano?oeoo?u i?eaaee e oiio, /oi iio?aaiinoe
aiaoiayeiiiie/aneiai eiiieaena a ?aeeaiiii iaania/aiee aei neo ii? ia
oaeiaeaoai?ythony. O?iaaiue e ea/anoai ?iaeeaiiuo oneoa,
i?aaeinoaaeyaiuo aeaaea iaeaieaa iiuoiuie niaoeeaeece?iaaiiuie
?aeeaiiuie i?aaiecaoeeyie, iaaeinoaoi/iu.Ia?aie/aiu iauaiu
aiaoiayeiiiie/aneie ?aeeaiu; i/aaeaeiu iaeay aeoeaiinoue e
iaaeinoaoi/iay eiiiaoaoiinoue ?aeeaiiuo i?aaiecaoeee a ?aaioa n
yenii?oa?aie, neaainoue iaoa?eaeueii-oaoie/aneie aacu i?iecaiaenoa,
?aaioathueo ia iio?aaiinoe ?aeeaiu (oeiia?aoee, nooaeee, i?aaei?eyoee,
auioneathueo eiino?oeoeee ia?oaeiie ?aeeaiu, yeaeo?iiiua eioi?iaoi?u e
o.ae.), /oi neacuaaaony ia aa ea/anoaa. Iaaeeaiii ?aoathony aii?inu
iiaeaioiaee e ia?aiiaeaioiaee i?oanneiiaeueiuo eaae?ia. Iao i?aaiaie
aacu ?aeeaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe, ia io?aaioaiu iaoaieciu aa
ainoaea?noaaiiiai e iauanoaaiiiai ?aaoee?iaaiey.
Iiyoiio, /oiau oeo/oeoue aeayoaeueiinoue ?aeeaiiuo aaaionoa,
iaiaoiaeeii i?eaeaaoue ca?oaaaeiua iaauee ?aaiou, au?aaioaiiua a oai?eyo
ii ?aeeaiiiio aeaeo. Oaeei ia?acii neaaeoao, /oi nouanoaotho
ii?aaeaeaiiua oai?aoe/aneea ?ac?aaioee a noa?a aeayoaeueiinoe ?aeeaiiiai
aaaionoaa, eioi?ua iaiaoiaeeii eco/aoue. Ana iie iai?aaeaiu ia
onoaiiaeaiea yooaeoeaiie nenoaiu ?aeeaiiiai aeciana. ?aeeaiiua aaaionoaa
aeieaeiu i?eaea?aeeaaoueny iniiaiuo iinooeaoia oai?aoe/aneeo ?ac?aaioie,
anee oioyo eiaoue i?eaueue e oaea?aeaoueny ia ?uiea, oae eae a ieo
caeiaeaiu ioeaee e oaea/e i?ioeuo eao, eioi?ua iaiaoiaeeii o/eouaaoue.
Ia aeaiiue iiiaio nouanoaoao oieaa?naeueiay noaia ?aeeaiiiai aaaionoaa,
eioi?ay ninoieo ec /aou?ao ioaeaeia: oai?/aneee, enneaaeiaaoaeueneee,
eiiia?/aneee ioaeaeu e ioaeae n?aaenoa ?aeeaiu. Any eo aeayoaeueiinoue
iai?aaeaia ia aeinoeaeaiea iinoaaeaiiuo oeaeae a noa?a yooaeoeaiiai
auionea ?aeeaiiie eaiiaiee, eioi?ay au oaeiaeaoai?yea ioaeaeu
iio?aaeoaeae (eeeaioa). Iiiaea aaaionoaa a ie?a nicaeathony ii yoie
noaia, aeeth/ay a iaa naie iniaaiiinoe e oeaee, au?aaioaiiua no?aoaaeae
e ienneae oe?iu. A aeaeueiaeoai ia iniiaa oeeinioee ?aeeaiiiai aaaionoaa
e iinoaaeaiiuo oeaeae iaae?aaony ooao nio?oaeieeia, iniiaiui ec eioi?uo
yaeyaony eaioaeoi?.
Au?aaaoaa naith iieeoeeo, ?aeeaiiia aaaionoai aa?aony ca auiieiaiea
caeacia. Iniiaie aeayoaeueiinoe yaeyaony- oaeiaeaoai?aiea ioaeae
eeeaioa. Iiyoiio a i?ioeanna iiaeaioiaee ?aeeaiiie eiiaiee aaaionoai
iaiaeiae?aoii ia?auaaony e eeeaioo, /oiau ei??aeoe?iaaoue naith
aeayoaeueiinoue n aai iio?aaiinoyie. Ethaay ?aeeaiiay eaiiaiey
ia/eiaaony n iauaai niaauaiey, ia eioi?ii caeac/ee noaaeo naie oneiaey,
a nio?oaeieee aaaionoaa niiinoaaeytho eo ni naieie aiciiaeiinoyie. Caoai
eaeao i?ioeann iiecaiaenoaa ?aeeaiu, ?acoeueoaoii eioi?ie yaeyaony
?aeeaiiay eaiiaiey.
Neaaeiaaoaeueii, ethaay ?aaioa, a oii /enea e a ?aeeaia, o?aaoao
aieiaoaeueiiai eco/aiey oai?aoe/aneeo ?ac?aaioie a yoie noa?a, aeey
oiai, /oiau ia iiuoa e ?oeiaiaenoaa ae?oaeo iiiyoue i?eioeeiu
yooaeoeaiie ?aaiou.
I?e yoii iaiaoiaeeii oaeaea o/eouaaoue iniaaiiinoe no?aiu ia aeaiiii
ia?eiaea ?acaeoey yeiiiieee, a oaeaea neiaeeaoeeny ?uiie ?aeeaiu.
?anniio?ei yoi ia i?eia?a Eacaonoaia. Iiaua oi?iu oicyenoaiaaiey
aic?iaeeee ?uiie e eiieo?aioeeth e aeaee iiuiue eiioeuen ?acaeoeth
?aeeaiiiai aeciana a auaoai NNN?. Ia aeaiiue iiiaio a ?anioaeeea
Eacaonoai noi?ie?iaaeny ioa/anoaaiiue ?uiie ?aeeaiu, eioi?ue
oa?aeoa?ecoaony naieie iniaaiiinoyie , naycaiuie n iauae yeiiiie/aneie
neooaoeeae a ?anioaeeea. Nia?aiaiiia ninoiyiea ?aeeaiiiai ?uiea a
Eacaonoaia iiaeii ioa?aeoa?eciaaoue eae oea?noai iieiie aia?oee e
oaina. Aei neo ii? ia i?eiyo Caeii “I ?aeeaia”, iaoiaeyueeny a noaaeee
?ac?aaioee oaea ie iaeei ianyoe. Aeaaiaea?y ionoonoaeth i?aaiaie iniiau,
?aaeaiaioe?othuae ?acaeoea ?aeeaiiiai aeciana a ?anioaeeea,
ioa/anoaaiiay ?aeeaiiay aeayoaeueiinoue ia niioaaonoaoao
iaaeaeoia?iaeiui ii?iai e i?aaeeai.
Ia aeaiiue aea iiiaio a eacaonoaineie ?aeeaiiie i?aeoeea iaaethaeaaony
?yae iaaaoeaiuo yaeaiee, niaa?oaiii ia i?eaieaiuo a ?acaeouo no?aiao.
Yoi, ai-ia?auo, ia niaethaeaiea aaoi?neeo e niaaeiuo i?aa i?e
i?iecaiaenoaa ?aeeaiu; ai-aoi?uo, ieceee o?iaaiue ea/anoaa ?aeeaiiie
i?iaeoeoeee e oneoa, iaoneiaeaiiue neaaui oaoie/aneei iaania/aieai
?aeeaiiuo aaaionoa, a oaeaea iaoaaoeie eaaeeoeoee?iaaiiuo eaae?ia.
Anee aiai?eoue i ninoiyiee nia?aiaiiiai ?uiea ?aeeaiu a Eacaonoaia, oi
neaaeoao ioiaoeoue aoa iaeio aaaeioth iniaaiiinoue, a eiaiii oi, /oi ii
aanueia ia?aie/ai. N eaaeaeui aiaeii /enei i?aaei?eyoee, ?aaioathueo a
Eacaonoaia nie?auaaony, a yoi aaaeao aeanoeie eiieo?aioeee n?aaee
?aeeaiiuo aaaionoa. E oiio aea nia?aiaiiay ?aeeaiiay aeayoaeueiinoue
Eacaonoaia neiioeaio?e?iaaia aie?oa e?oiiuo ianaeaiiuo ioieoia, aaea
ieaoaaeaniiniaiinoue ianaeaiey auniea. Ia?aie/aieinoue aieinoe
?aeeaiiiai ?uiea ii?iaeaeaao aeanoeoth eiieo?aioeeth iaaeaeo ?aeeaiiuie
aaaionoaaie, n?aaenoaaie ?aeeaiiie eiiioieeaoeee e
?aeeaiii?iecaiaeeoaeyie ca iioaioeeaeueiuo iio?aaeoaeae eo oneoa.
Neaaenoaeai aeaiiie ai?ueau, eioi?ay aaaeaony, a iniiaiii, ia oeaiiaie
iniiaa, yaeyaony ieceay noieiinoue ?aeeaiiuo oneoa a ?anioaeeea. Yoi
aeinoeaaaony iooai ieceiai ea/anoaa auiieiyaiuo ?aaio e oneoa, eioi?ue
iaaaoeaii aeeyao ia ?aaioo ?aeeaiiuo aaaionoa, canoaaeyy eo
iiae?aaaouaaoue a ae?oaeo noa?ao, a oaeaea ia iio?aaeoaeae, ia eioi?uo
ia?ooeaaaony iioie ?aeeaiu.
Ii e?iia iaaaoeaiuo aeeyiee a oi?ie?iaaiee nia?aiaiiiai ?uiea ?aeeaiu a
Eacaonoaia iiaeii caiaoeoue e iieiaeeoaeueiua /a?ou, naycaiiua n oai,/oi
ia aeaiiue iiiaio ?uiie ?aeeaiu i?ioae i?ioeann ca?iaeaeaiey.
Iaaethaeaaony aieueoay aeoeaiinoue a ?aeeaiiii aeciana, e iiiaea
aaaionoaa, o/anue ia naieo e /oaeeo ioeaeao, ?caeaatho e ?anoe?ytho naia
aeaei, iiauoay o?iaaiue auiieiyaiuo ?aeeaiiuo ?aaio. E?iia oiai o
ianaeaiey e i?aaei?eyoee iiyaeeanue aiciiaeiinoue i?aaenoaaeoue naie
aiciiaeiinoe aeey caeioa?aniaaiiuo ethaeae iin?aaenoaii ?aeeaiu. Yoi
iiaeii caiaoeoue ia i?eia?a ?aeeaiiiai aaaionoaa “?ooa”. O/aa ioeaee
ia?auo aiaeia, iii noiaei iaeoe naie iooue a ?aeeaiiii aeciana,
caiyaoenue eii?aeeiaoeeiiiie ?aaioie i?e i?eaia caeacia, a oaeaea
aeeaa?neoeeaoeeae naiae aeayoaeueiinoe.
Neaaeiaaoaeueii, eco/ea oai?eth a iaeanoe ?aeeaiu, i?eiya ai
aieiaiea iniaaiiinoe ?acaeoey ?uiea ?aeeaiu e eiay aeinoaoi/iue eaieoae,
iiaeii niaei ioe?uaaoue naia ?aeeaiiia aaaionoai, eioi?ia i?eianao aai
i?eaueue. Anee ia naaiaeiy, oae caao?a.
Nienie eniieueciaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u.
1. Aeaeyi A. ?aeeaia.// I.: “I?ia?ann”, 1993.
2. Eioea? O. Ia?eaoeia.// I.: “I?ia?ann”, 1998.
3. Eyiiaaee ?. Iaeeiiaee, Noyiee E. A?th Yeiiiieen.// Oaeeei, 1993.
4. Ia?eaoeia: o/aaiia iiniaea., iiae ?aae. Ooeeia C.A.// I.: YENIIN,
1998.
5. Ia?eaoeia: o/aaiee aeey AOCia., iiae ?aae. ?iiaiiaa A.E.// I.: “Aaiee
e ae?aee”, THIEOE, 1995.
6. Iaeoe naie iooue a ?aeeaiiii aeaea., ia?aaiae n aiae. Eoeooeeiie
A.A.// I.; “Ae Eueth”, 1992.
7. Io/ao i aeayoaeueiinoe OII “?aeeaiiia aaaionoai “?ooa”” ca 1997 aiae.
8. ?aeeaia: yeiiiieea, iieeoeea, eneonnoai.// I.: AIIO, 1997.
9. ?iaeeia E.ss. Iaaeaeoia?iaeiia ?aeeaiiia aeaei.// I.: “Aaiee e
ae?aee”, THIEOE, 1994.
10. Noaoenoe/aneea aeaiiua ii ?acaeoeth THEI ca 1997 aiae.// Ouieaio,
“Noaoenoeea”, 1998.
11. Nyiaeeaeae*. ?aeeaia : oai?ey e i?aeoeea.// I.: “I?ia?ann”, 1998.
12. Onoaa OII “?aeeaiiia aaaionoai “?ooa””, 1996.
13. O/aiiaa A.A., Noa?uo TH.A. Enoi?ey ?aeeaiu: aeaonoai e io?i/anoai.//
I.: “Iuneue”, 1994.
14. Oaaeaiia O.E., ?iiaiia A.N. Oi?ie?iaaiea nia?aiaiiiai ?uiea ?aeeaiu
a ?anioaeeeea Eacaonoai.// “Yeiiiieea Eacaonoaia”, ? 1, 1997.
15. Yaain I. Ia?eaoeia.// I.: “I?ia?ann”, 1996.
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