NIAeA?AEAIEA
«Oio, eoi ioeacuaaaony io ?aeeaiu, /oiau nyeiiiieoue aeaiueae,
aeaenoaoao iiaeiaii oai, eoi inoaiaaeeaaao /anu, /oiau nyeiiiieoue
a?aiy».
AAAAeAIEA
A nayce n ia?aoiaeii iaoae no?aiu e ?uii/iie yeiiiieea a iaoae aeecie
iiyaeeinue e i/aiue i?i/ii oe?aieeinue oaeia yaeaiea, eae ?aeeaia.
?aeeaia aoiaeeo a a?oiio iaeiiai ec yeaiaioia eiiieaena Marketing-mix –
ia?eaoeiaiaua eiiioieeaoeee (eee i?iaeaeaeaiea oiaa?a – promotion).
Ia?yaeo n ?aeeaiie a yoo a?oiio aoiaeyo au? e ee/iay i?iaeaaea (personal
sales), nayce n iauanoaaiiinoueth (public relation) e noeioee?iaaiea
nauoa. Oaeei ia?acii ?aeeaia yaeyaony iaeiei ec eino?oiaioia ia?eaoeiaa
e ia iiaeao nouanoaiaaoue aia aai. Ia?eaoeia, eae ecaanoii, iaycai naiei
nouanoaiaaieai eiieo?aioeee, a eiieo?aioeey – iiiyoea, i?enouaa
eneeth/eoaeueii ?uii/iie yeiiiieea. Neaaeiaaoaeueii, ?aeeaia iiaeao
nouanoaiaaoue oieueei a ?uii/iie yeiiiieea.
Io a oae, eae ?aeeaia a iaoae no?aia iiyaeeanue nianai iaaeaaii,
neaaeiaaoaeueii aeieaeii nouanoaiaaoue i/aiue iiiai aii?inia, naycaiiuo
n iae, e iiyoiio yoa oaia yaeyaony nae/an /?acau/aeii aeooaeueiie e
ianoaeaeaaiie. E yoi aeaenoaeoaeueii oae, ii ia oieueei iioiio /oi aeey
ian iia yaeyaony au? iaeieco/aiiie. A ?acaeouo no?aiao oaia ?aeeaiu
yaeyaony oaeaea ai?y/i ianoaeaeaaiie, e nouanoaoao ?yae aii?inia,
naycaiiuo n ?aeeaiie, ia eioi?ua aei neo ii? ia nouanoaoao iaeiicia/iuo
ioaaoia.
Aio, iai?eia?: «iaania/eaatho ee ?uiee iaaeeaaeauaa ?aciiia?acea, eee
no?aieaiea oe?i eae-oi iaee/eoue naie oiaa?u io oiaa?ia-eiieo?aioia
yaeyaony /?acia?iui, i?eaiaey e ?anoi/eoaeuenoao? ?ano?a/eaatho ee oe?iu
iauanoaaiiua ?ano?nu aionooth, eiaaea caieiathony ?aeeaiie naieo
ecaeaeee a oeaeyo eo aeeooa?aioeeaoeee e oaaee/aiey ni?ina ia ieo, eee
?aeeaia yaeyaony yooaeoeaiui niiniaii iaania/aiey eioi?iaoeeae?»
O?oaeiui e aaaeiui inoa?ony aii?in i oii, iaieioee?oao ee ?aeeaia
aeonaie iio?aaeoaeae. ssaeyainy ee iu ae/iuie iio?aaeoaeyie, eaeiau iu e
anoue ii iiaieth iiiaeo, aii?aee /aeiaa/aneie i?e?iaea e aneaaenoaea
?aeeaiu? Eee i?inoi a /aeiaa/aneie i?e?iaea caeeth/aia aa?aioey oiai,
/oi iu i?aaenoaaeyai niaie na?ue?ciuo iio?aaeoaeae aeaaea ionoy/iuo
oiaa?ia? Iineooii ee neaaeoao ?aeeaia ca eciaiaieyie a iauanoaa, eee
naia aucuaaao yoe eciaiaiey? (Yoio aii?in aiaeiae/ai aii?ino i
ia?ae/iinoe ni?ina e i?aaeeiaeaiey (eo?eoea e yeoei)). [? – n. 3].
Ii iiieii oaeeo oai?aoe/aneeo aii?inia, nouanoaoao au? ?yae i?e/ei,
aieaa i?eaeeaeaiiuo e i?aeoeea, ii eioi?ui neaaeoao na?ue?cii ioiineony
e ?aeeaia. A iineaaeiaa a?aiy ioia/aaony ?ino cia/eiinoe
eiiioieeaoeeiiiie iieeoeee a ia?eaoeiaa a nayce ni neaaeothueie
ianoiyoaeuenoaaie:
oneeaiea eiieo?aioiie ai?ueau ca iio?aaeoaey;
iiauoaiea ?eneia, naycaiiuo n nicaeaieai iiauo oiaa?ia;
?ino o?aaiaaiee e noaiaea?oai ea/anoaa, /oi cao?oaeiyao
aeeooa?aioeeaoeeth oiaa?a. [?].
Ecaeoay o?aca «?aeeaia – aeaeaaoaeue oi?aiaee» ia naiii aeaea aeiaieueii
iieii ?ane?uaaao iniiaioth ia?eaoeiaiaoth ooieoeeth ?aeeaiu: ia?aaea/o
eioi?iaoeee i oiaa?a, ciaeiinoai n iei iioaioeeaeueiuo iieoiaoaeae,
oaaaeaeaiea aai a iaiaoiaeeiinoe i?eia?aoaiey oiaa?a. Eoae, io iau/iiai
eioi?iaoeeiiiiai niiauaiey ?aeeaia ioee/aaony caeioa?aniaaiiinoueth a
eiia/iii ?acoeueoaoa. Yoi ia i?inoi eco/aiea eioi?iaoeee, a eco/aiea n
ii?aaeaeaiiie, aiieia eiie?aoiie oeaeueth – oaaee/aiea ni?ina ia oiaa?
eee oneoao.
?aeeaia ia iiaeao nouanoaiaaoue naia ii naaa. Aeey yooaeoeaiiai
aicaeaenoaey ia iieoiaoaey ?aeeaia aeieaeia eniieueciaaoue iiuo ae?oaeo
io?aneae ciaiey: ia?eaoeiaa, ineoieiaee, aeo?iaeenoeee, eeiaaenoeee,
eeoa?aoo?u, Public Relations e ae?.
Eae oaea ioia/aeinue, ?aeeaio neaaeoao ?anniao?eaaoue ia eae nenoaio
naio ii naaa, a eae /anoue eiiioieeaoeaiie iiaenenoaiu a iauae nenoaia
ia?eaoeiaa. ?acee/iua ninoaaiua /anoe yoie nenoaiu, iauaeou e aeaeu
aeayoaeueiinoe acaeiinaycaiu, /oi naiaeeo eo a aaeeiia oeaeia e
iicaieyao ?aaioaoue neio?iiii. Caeanue ?anniao?eaaaony acaeiiaeaenoaea
?aeeaiu n ?yaeii ae?oaeo aiaeia aeayoaeueiinoe, eioi?ia yaeyaony e?aeia
aaaeiui aeey aeinoeaeaiey iniiaiie oeaee ia?eaoeiaa – iinoiyiiia
iieo/aiea iaeneiaeueiie i?eauee, o/eouaay i?e yoii oaeiaeaoai?aiea
eioa?ania iieoiaoaey.
Iaeioi?ua ec yoeo aeaeia aeayoaeueiinoe, eacaeinue au, auoiaeyo ca
i?aaeaeu ieaie?iaaiey e oi?aaeaiey ?aeeaiie. E oai ia iaiaa ionoonoaea
eii?aeeiaoeee ieaie?iaaiey e inouanoaeaiey ?aeeaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe n
inoaeueiuie yeaiaioaie eiiioieeaoeaiie iiaenenoaiu, eaeiauie yaeythony
iiioey?ecaoeey (“iaaeeneoe”), “iaaeee ?eeaeoin” e ee/iay i?iaeaaea, a
oaeaea n oiaa?iie iiaenenoaiie e iiaenenoaiie ?ani?aaeaeaiey /anoi
i?eaiaeeo e i?iaaeo anae ia?eaoeiaiaie aeayoaeueiinoe. Ionthaea
i/aaeaeia iaiaoiaeeiinoue /aoeie eii?aeeiaoeee a ?aeeaia. [?].
?aeeaia eae iauanoaaiii cia/eiue aeae aeayoaeueiinoe aiciiaeia oieueei
i?e ?acaeouo ?uii/iuo ioiioaieyo, ?inney ionoaea io ?acaeouo no?ai e a
oie, e a ae?oaie iaeanoe.
Naaiaeiy ?inney ioaeaeaaony a aiaeeca ca?oaaaeiiai iiuoa. Eiaiii aiaeec
noaaeee e iooae ?acaeoey ?aeeaiu, a ia neaiia eiie?iaaiea iicaieeo
iiiyoue, ia eaeie noaaeee ?acaeoey ?aeeaiiie i?aeoeee iaoiaeeiny iu e
eae iia aeieaeia ?acaeaaoueny aeaeueoa.
Aac ciaiey iaoeo ioa/anoaaiiuo, ?inneeneeo iniaaiiinoae aini?eyoey
?aeeaiu iaoeie a?aaeaeaiaie o?oaeii aeiaeoueny oi?ioeo ?acoeueoaoia.
?aoi?ie?iaaiea ?inneeneie yeiiiieee ii iooe ?uii/iuo i?aia?aciaaiee
i?eaaei e iiyaeaieth iiaiai aeaea i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneie aeayoaeueiinoe –
?aeeaiiiai aeciana. I?ioeann oi?ie?iaaiey ?aeeaiu eae ninoaaiie /anoe
?uii/iie eio?ano?oeoo?u e iaeiiai ec naeoi?ia ?uii/iie yeiiiieee a
?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee ia/aeny ii nouanoao noeoeeii. I?aaeiee iiuo
i?aaiecaoeee eiiia?/aneie ?aeeaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe, eioi?ue eiaeny a
oneiaeyo eiiaiaeii-aaeieieno?aoeaiie nenoaiu oi?aaeaiey, aue niaa?oaiii
iaaeinoaoi/ai aeey iiauo yeiiiie/aneeo ?aaeee. A oneiaeyo, eiaaea
oicyenoaaiiua nayce iaaeaeo oiaa?ii?iecaiaeeoaeyie e iio?aaeoaeyie
onoaiaaeeaaeenue oeaio?aeeciaaiii, iio?aaiinoue a ?aeeaia eae
eiiia?/aneie eioi?iaoeeiiiie eiiioieeaoeee ai iiiaii iineea
neiaiee/aneee oa?aeoa?. Oieueei ai aiaoiayeiiiie/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe, a
oaeaea a ?icie/iie oi?aiaea, aaea a i?eioeeia auei iaaiciiaeii “aeieoe”
aei eaaeaeiai iio?aaeoaey a ioaeaeueiinoe ia?aciauaaeinue i?ino?ainoai
aeey inouanoaeaiey ?aeeaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe. Ii e yoa aiciiaeiinoue
eniieueciaaiey ?aeeaiu eae n?aaenoaa iiaoaeaeaiey e iieoiea a oneiaeyo
ainiiaenoaa ?uiea i?iaeaaoea e niioaaonoaaiii oioaeueiiai aeaoeoeeoa
oiaa?ia ia?iaeiiai iio?aaeaiey nouanoaaiii oiaiueoaeanue.
A yoie nayce ia ia/aeueiuo yoaiao oi?ie?iaaiey ?uii/iuo ioiioaiee e
?uii/iie eio?ano?oeoo?u a ?innee oei aeoeaiia inaiaiea oi?i e iaoiaeia
?aeeaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe, neiaeeaoeony a no?aiao n ?acaeoie ?uii/iie
yeiiiieeie. ?aeeaia a ?innee i/aiue auno?i noaea iaiaoiaeeiie /anoueth
i?aeoe/anee anao noi?ii aeecie iauanoaa. A ioee/ea io ae?oaeo ?inneeneeo
?uieia, iaoiaeyueony a ninoiyiee aeai?annee eee nie?auaiey, ?uiie
?aeeaiu no?aieoaeueii ?acaeaaeny. Ca ia?aua o?e aiaea ?uii/iuo
i?aia?aciaaiee ?uiie ?aeeaiu no?oeoo?e?iaaeny, onoaiiaeeenue
ii?aaeaeaiiua i?iii?oeee iaaeaeo ioaeaeueiuie aeaeaie ?aeeaiiie
aeayoaeueiinoe, noaee neeaaeuaaoueny ioiioaiey iaaeaeo iniiaiuie
noauaeoaie ?aeeaiiiai i?ioeanna.
Aianoa n oai ?acaeoea ?uiea ?aeeaiu a ?innee i?ienoiaeeo ia oiia iauaai
e?ecena yeiiiieee, ainoaea?noaaiiinoe, a oaeaea iieeoe/aneie
ianoaaeeueiinoe. Anoanoaaiii, yoi ia iiaeao ia neacuaaoueny ia ninoiyiee
e aeaeueiaeoai ?acaeoee ?aeeaiiiai aeaea.
Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi ?ieue e ianoi ?aeeaiu a oneiaeyo yeiiiieee
ia?aoiaeiiai ia?eiaea aua ia iieiinoueth ii?aaeaeaiu: ionoonoaotho
enneaaeiaaiey, iicaieythuea eco/eoue e oai?/anee aaeaioe?iaaoue e
ioa/anoaaiiui oneiaeyi iiuoa caiaaeiuo no?ai a yoie iaeanoe, ia auyniaiu
n en/a?iuaathuae iieiioie aii?inu oi?ie?iaaiey i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo no?oeoo?
a ?aeeaiiii aeciana, aanueia aeeneonneiiiie inoaaony i?iaeaia auai?a
eaiaeia ?ani?ino?aiaiey ?aeeaiiie eioi?iaoeee e ?ac?aaioee ?aeeaiiuo
eaiiaiee e ioeaiee eo yooaeoeaiinoe.
Cia/eiinoue enneaaeiaaiey yoeo e ae?oaeo i?iaeai oi?ie?iaaiey ?aeeaiiiai
aeciana a ?innee e iaaeinoaoi/iinoue ?ac?aaioee eo a iao/iie eeoa?aoo?a
ii?aaeaeytho aeooaeueiinoue aeaiiie ?aaiou.
?uii/iay yeiiiieea, eae iieacuaaao iiuo iiiaeo ?acaeouo no?ai, ia iiaeao
ooieoeeiie?iaaoue aac einoeoooa ?aeeaiu. ?aeeaia – aioo?aiia i?enouee
yeaiaio ?uiea, iaeei ec aaaeiaeoeo eino?oiaioia aai ?acaeoey.
Ioeaieaaoue ninoiyiea ?aeeaiiiai ?uiea a ?innee ia ianoiyuee iiiaio
aanueia iai?inoi. Ca ia?eiae 1991-1994 aa. ii no?aieoaeueii ?acaeaaeny.
Anee a 1992 aiaeo aiaeiaie iai?io ?uiea ninoaaee 71 iei. aeieea?ia, 1993
aiaeo – 255 iei. aeieea?ia, oi oaea a 1994 aiaeo ii au?in aei 905 iei.
aeieea?ia. Ia?yaeo n eiee/anoaaiiuie eciaiaieyie a yoio ia?eiae
i?iecioee e ea/anoaaiiua eciaiaiey. Ai-ia?auo, ?uiie ?aeeaiu noae
i?aaeneacoaiui, ai-aoi?uo, ia iai iiyaeeenue i?ioanneiiaeu eae ni
noi?iiu ?aeeaiiaeaoaeae, oae e ni noi?iiu ?aeeaiiuo aaaionoa.
A-o?aoueeo, ia/aeinue aeoeaiia i?iieeiiaaiea ia ?inneeneee ?uiie ?aeeaiu
e?oiiuo ca?oaaaeiuo ?aeeaiiaeaoaeae. Iaeiaei, ia/eiay ni aoi?ie iieiaeiu
1995 aiaea, ?uiie “caaoeniaae”, e iiyaeeenue aieina i “caeaoa”
?aeeaiiiai ?uiea a ?innee. Eiiaoe “cieioiai aaea” iauyniyaony ooiaeii n
?uiea e?oiiuo ioa/anoaaiiuo ?aeeaiiaeaoaeae, a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue
oeiainiauo ie?aieae, aeiieie?iaaaoeo a 1994 aiaeo, ioeaoii ec ?innee
eiino?aiiuo eiaanoi?ia, auoiaeii ia ?inneeneee ?uiie caiaaeiuo ?aeeaiiuo
aaaionoa, aaieianeei e?ecenii. Iniiaiua iioa?e iiianee ?aeeaiiua
aaaionoaa, iieo/athuea i?eauee io oaeaaeceiiiie ?aeeaiu. Iaeiaei yoio
e?ecen einioeny ia anao ?aeeaiiuo aaaionoa. Oa ec ieo, eioi?ua noiaee
“?ane?ooeoue” ae?oaea aeaeu ?aeeaiiuo oneoa, ecaaaeaee e?eceniuo yaeaiee
a naiae aeayoaeueiinoe.
Ca ia?eiae n ia/aea ?uii/iuo i?aia?aciaaiee ?acee/iua naeoi?a ?uiea
?aeeaiu a ?innee ?acaeaaeenue ia?aaiiia?ii. ?aiueoa ae?oaeo ia/aeinue
yia?ae/iia ?acaeoea ?aeeaiu a i?anna (i?aeiouanoaaiii a aacaoao). Ia
oaeaaeaeaiee aeaiiue i?ioeann caoyioeny ia ianeieueei aieaa
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiia a?aiy, e aeinoaoi/ii yia?ae/iia inaiaiea oaeayoe?a
ia/aeinue n eiioea 1992 aiaea. Caiaoii “caaea?aeaeinue” ia noa?oa
?aaeeiaauaiea, ii n 1993 aiaea, n iiyaeaieai ia?iiiiai /enea
anaaiciiaeiuo, eae i?aaeei, iaaieueoeo eiiia?/aneeo ?aaeeinoaioeee,
ianooiee ianoiyuee aoi e a noa?a ?aaeei?aeeaiu. Iiyaeeenue e ae?oaea
aeaeu ?aeeaiu – ia?oaeiay, noaaie?iay, aee?aeo-iyee e ae?.
Aeaaiie i?aaeiinueeie ?aoeeiiaeecaoeee ?aeeaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe ai an?i
a? ianooaaa yaeyaony iaoiaee/aneay e ieaiiaay iiaeaioiaea ?aeeaiiuo
niiauaiee e i?aaeeueiia eo eniieueciaaiea ia anao yoaiao ?aeeaiiiai
i?ioeanna. Iaeei ec oai?aoeeia-eeanneeia ?aeeaiu Aeyaeae Iaeeae ienae:
«Oniaoiay ?aeeaiiay eaiiaiey – yoi ni/aoaiea oaea/iiai ?aeeaiiiai
ia?auaiey e i?aaeeueiiai auai?a n?aaenoa ianniaie eioi?iaoeee.».
Iiauoaieth yooaeoeaiinoe ?aeeaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe niinianoaoao nicaeaiea
?aeeaiiuo aaaionoa n iieiui oeeeeii oneoa (caieiathueony ?ac?aaioeie
eiiieaeniuo ?aeeaiiuo eaiiaiee), eioi?ua i?iaiaeyo a? ia aunieii
i?ioanneiiaeueiii o?iaia, aieaa ?aoeeiiaeueii eniieuecotho oeiainiaua
n?aaenoaa e iaania/eaatho aunieia ea/anoai ?aeeaiu. ?aeeaiiua aaaionoaa
i?iaiaeyo eiiieaeniua enneaaeiaaiey ?uiea e ioeaieo eiiuthieoo?u, iie
iniauaiu au/eneeoaeueiie oaoieeie, iicaieythuae auno?i e oi/ii
ia?aaaouaaoue iieo/aaioth eioi?iaoeeth.
Ianoi ?aeeaiiuo aaaionoa a ia?iaeiii oicyenoaa e eo iieiaeeoaeueiay
?ieue a yeiiiieea ii?aaeaeythony eo niaoeeaeecaoeeae.
?aeeaiiua aaaionoaa ea?atho iieiaeeoaeueioth ?ieue, aoaeo/e
eaaeeoeoee?iaaiiuie eii?aeeiaoi?aie iaaeaeo oi?aiaeae e i?iecaiaenoaii,
a eioa?anao iio?aaeoaeae e anaai iauanoaa niaeaenoaotho ?aoeeiiaeueiiio
i?aaeeiaeaieth e, iaiai?io, ia?aie/eaatho iau?i ia?aoeeiiaeueiuo eee
i?aaeaeaa?aiaiiuo i?aaeeiaeaiee. [? – no?. 169].
?aeeaiiay eaiiaiey e a? ?ieue a ia?eaoeiaiaie aeayoaeueiinoe
i?aaei?eyoey.
Ieaie?iaaiea ?aeeaiiie ?aaiou ia i?aaei?eyoee.
?aeeaia yaeyaony ninoaaiie /anoueth eiiia?/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe
i?aaei?eyoey, a, neaaeiaaoaeueii, iia aeieaeia inouanoaeyoueny
ieaiiia?ii ia iniiaa aai aaeeiie iieeoeee.
Ieaie?iaaiea ?aeeaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaeoniao?eaaao ii?aaeaeaiea a?
oeaeae, iooae eo aeinoeaeaiey e nicaea?o i?aaei?eyoeth (oe?ia) oneiaey
aeey ?aaeecaoeee naieo iniaaiiinoae a oneiaeyo eiieo?aioeee. Iinoaiiaea
oeaeae ii?aaeaeyao ia?niaeoeao i?eiaiaiey ?aeeaiu ia i?aaei?eyoee e
nicaea?o oneiaey aeey ioeaiee a? yooaeoeaiinoe. ?aaeecaoeey oeaeae
?aeeaiu iaycuaaao ana no?oeoo?iua iiae?acaeaeaiey i?aaei?eyoey
aeaenoaiaaoue ai acaeiinayce.
I?e ?ac?aaioea ieaia ii ?aeeaia ?acee/atho aeaaiua e aoi?inoaiaiiua
oeaee. Aeaaioth oeaeue ioaeii noi?ioee?iaaoue a ienueiaiiii aeaea, /oiau
a neo/aa iaiaoiaeeiinoe iinoaiaiii ooi/iyoue a?, ia aeiioneay ioeaie.
Aac /?oei iinoaaeaiiie oeaee iaeuecy oniaoii i?iaiaeeoue ?aeeaiioth
aeayoaeueiinoue e oi/ii ii?aaeaeyoue a? ?acoeueoao.
Oeaeue ?aeeaiiuo ia?ii?eyoee iiaeao auoue e?aoein?i/iie, n?aaeian?i/iie
e aeieain?i/iie. Ii?aaeaeaiea oeaee yaeyaony o?oaei?ieie, neiaeiie e
i?aeoe/anee ia anaaaea aei eiioea auiieieiie caaea/ae. Onoaiiaeaiiay
oeaeue aeieaeia auoue ?aaeueiie, aeinoeaeeiie a ii?aaeae?iiue n?ie e
ii?aaeae?iiuie n?aaenoaaie.
Iinoaiiaea oeaee ono?aiyao ioeaee i?e nicaeaiee e ?ani?ino?aiaiee
?aeeaiiuo n?aaenoa. Iia yaeyaony i?eaioe?ii aeey eaaeaeiai eniieieoaey,
ioe?uaaao iaiaoiaeeiue i?inoi? aeey aai oai?/aneie eieoeeaoeau.
A caaeneiinoe io ni?ina e i?aaeeiaeaiey ieai i?aaeoniao?eaaao
i?iaaaeaiea ?aeeaiiuo ia?ii?eyoee ii eiie?aoiiio oiaa?o eee oneoaa.
Ieaiu i?aaei?eyoee iicaieytho i?aaei?eyoeth ca?aiaa ii?aaeaeeoue
i?ia?aiio aeaenoaee a ?acoeueoaoa eciaiythueony oneiaee ia ?uiea oiaa?ia
(oneoa).
?oeiaiaenoai i?aaei?eyoee aeieaeii iaania/eoue ouaoaeueii ieaie?iaaiea
acaeiinaycaiiuo yeaiaioia eiiieaena ?aeeaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe aeey
iieo/aiey iaeneiaeueiiai yooaeoa. I?aaeeueii nieaie?iaaiiay e oi?ioi
i?aaieciaaiiay ?aeeaia a ninoiyiee ieacaoue nouanoaaiiia aeeyiea ia
yooaeoeaiinoue ooieoeeiie?iaaiey i?aaei?eyoey. Eniieuecoy iiiaiia?aciua
n?aaenoaa eiiioieeaoeee, ?aeeaia niaeaenoaoao onoaiiaeaieth e
oaeoaeaieth eiioaeoia i?iecaiaeeoaeae n iio?aaeoaeyie, ?anoe?aieth
ciaiee ianaeaiey i oiaa?ao e oneoaao.
A ?acaeouo no?aiao oe?iu inouanoaeytho ieaie?iaaiea ?aeeaiiuo
ia?ii?eyoee iinea ?ac?aaioee a? aiaeiaiai athaeaeaoa. Oe?ieee niaeo?
?aeeaiiuo oneoa ?acee/iuo aaaionoa e oe?i iicaieyao inouanoaeyoue
i?aeoe/anee ethaua iaia?aiey a yoie iaeanoe. E niaeaeaieth oaeay oi?ia
ia anaaaea i?eaieaia aeey ?inneeneeo i?aaei?eieiaoaeae, oae eae ia iaeuo
i?aaei?eyoeyo ieaie?iaaiea aiaeiaiai athaeaeaoa ia anaaaea aiciiaeii
ec-ca ianoaaeeueiinoe yeiiiie/aneie neooaoeee e iinoiyiiiai eciaiaiey
caeiiia e iaeiaia. Iiieii yoiai nouanoaotho neiaeiinoe a ecaioiaeaiee e
?aciauaiee ?aeeaiu.
A yoie nayce oeaeaniia?acii inouanoaeyoue ieaie?iaaiea ?aeeaiu a /aou?a
yoaia.
Ia ia?aii yoaia e ninoaaeaieth ieaia ?aeeaiu aeaeaoaeueii i?eaea/ue
?oeiaiaeeoaeae iniiaiuo iiae?acaeaeaiee i?e iaiin?aaenoaaiiii o/anoee
i?aaenoaaeoaey ?aeeaiiiai ioaeaea, anee oaeie eiaaony. Aia/aea
ii?aaeaeyaony ia?a/aiue oiaa?ia eee oneoa, eioi?ui iaiaoiaeeia ?aeeaia.
Ia aoi?ii yoaia ieaie?iaaiey ii eaaeaeiio oiaa?o eee oneoaa
ii?aaeaeythony aeaeu ?aeeaiiuo oeaeae, a oaeaea n?aaenoaa ianniaie
eioi?iaoeee e n?iee ?aciauaiey a ieo ?aeeaiu.
I?e yoii iaiaoiaeeii o/eouaaoue aiciiaeiinoue ecaioiaeaiey
aeiiieieoaeueiuo ?aeeaiiuo iaoa?eaeia aeey aeaiiiai ia?ii?eyoey.
Oeaeaniia?acii ii?aaeaeeoue ianeieueei aa?eaioia ?aciauaiey ?aeeaiu a
n?aaenoaao ianniaie eioi?iaoeee (iniiaiie e ianeieueei caianiuo). Caoai
ioaeaeo ?aeeaiu eee niaoeeaeenoo ii ?aeeaia ii?o/aaony iiaeaioiaea
naaaeaiee ia ecaeaieyo, n?aaenoaao ianniaie eioi?iaoeee, i?eia?iii
iau?ia niiauaiee, eo noieiinoe e n?ieao ?ani?ino?aiaiey. Ia iniiaa
iieo/aiiie eioi?iaoeee ooi/iythony, ii?aaeaeythony eiie?aoiua ecaeaiey,
NIE, n?iee auoiaea ?aeeaiiuo niiauaiee, ?ann/eouaathony cao?aou ia ieo.
Any i?iaaae?iiay ?aaioa iicaieyao noi?ie?iaaoue i?iaeo ieaia ii ?aeeaia.
Ia o?aoueai yoaia ii?aaeaeythony ?aaeueiua ?acia?u aeaiaaeiuo n?aaenoa,
eioi?ua iiaeii eniieueciaaoue ia ?aeeaio. A caaeneiinoe io auaeaeaiiuo
n?aaenoa i?iecaiaeeony ei??aeoe?iaea i?iaeoa ieaia. Anee n?aaenoa
auaeaeaii iaaeinoaoi/ii, oi a ieaia iiaeii eciaieoue ia?eiaee/iinoue
?aciauaiey ?aeeaiu, oiaiueoeoue ieiuaaeue ioaeeeaoeee eee eciaieoue
ecaeaiea, a?aiy o?aineyoeee ?aeeaiiiai niiauaiey e o.ae.
Ia /aoa??oii yoaia ieaie?iaaiey i?iecaiaeeony ieii/aoaeueiia
niaeaniaaiea iio?aaiinoe a ?aeeaia n ?aaeueiuie aiciiaeiinoyie ia
ii?aaeae?iiue ia?eiae (eaa?oae, aiae).
Eo/oa ?ac?aaaouaaoue ieai ia aiae, o.e. ii aea?o /?oeia i?aaenoaaeaiea i
iio?aaiinoe i?aaei?eyoey a ?aeeaia, ea?aao iieiaeeoaeueioth ?ieue i?e
iinooieaiee i?aaeeiaeaiee i ?aciauaiee ?aeeaiu io n?aaenoa ianniaie
eioi?iaoeee eee aunoaai/iuo eiieoaoia. A yoii neo/aa o?aaoaony ieieioi
a?aiaie, /oiau ioeaieoue iio?aaiinoue a i?aaeeaaaaiii ?aeeaiiii
ia?ii?eyoee.
Anee ia i?aaei?eyoee ieai ?aeeaiu ia ?ac?aaioai, oi, eae i?aaeei,
i?iecaiaeeony neo/aeiue auai? e neo/aeiia ?aciauaiea ?aeeaiu, /oi
nieaeaao a? yooaeoeaiinoue e iiauoaao ?anoiaeu ia ?aeeaio.
I?eioeeieaeueiua iniiau ?aeeaiiie eaiiaiee.
Iiiyoea, nouiinoue ?aeeaiiie eaiiaiee.
Aeey eo/oaai iiieiaiey iiiyoey ?aeeaiiie eaiiaiee (?E) iicaieth naaa
i?eaanoe 2 ii?aaeaeaiey ?E, acyouo ec ?aciuo enoi/ieeia:
?E – yoi:
ianeieueei ?aeeaiiuo ia?ii?eyoee, iauaaeeiaiiuo iaeiie oeaeueth
(oeaeyie), ioaaouaathueo ii?aaeaeaiiue ia?eiae a?aiaie e ?ani?aaeaeaiiuo
ai a?aiaie oae, /oiau iaeii ?aeeaiiia ia?ii?eyoea aeiiieiyei ae?oaia;
nenoaia acaeiinaycaiiuo ?aeeaiiuo ia?ii?eyoee, ioaaouaathueo
ii?aaeae?iiue ia?eiae a?aiaie e i?aaeoniao?eaathueo eiiieaen i?eiaiaiey
?aeeaiiuo n?aaenoa aeey aeinoeaeaiey ?aeeaiiaeaoaeai eiie?aoiie
ia?eaoeiaiaie oeaee.
Ca?oaaaeiue e ioa/anoaaiiue iiuo a iaeanoe ?aeeaiu iieacuaaao, /oi
eiiieaeniia e iineaaeiaaoaeueiia i?iaaaeaiea ?aeeaiiuo ia?ii?eyoee,
?ac?aaioaiiuo n o/?oii ia?eaoeiaiaie no?aoaaee, aea?o cia/eoaeueii
aieueoee yooaeo, /ai ioaeaeueiua, ia naycaiiua iaaeaeo niaie iauae
oeaeueth e ?aciau?iiua ai a?aiaie.
Yooaeoeaiinoue ?aeeaiiuo eaiiaiee aeinoeaaaony oaeaea ca n/?o oe?ieiai
eniieueciaaiey ianniauo n?aaenoa ?aeeaiu, iaeie ec eioi?uo aeiiieiytho e
oneeeaatho aeaenoaea ae?oaeo.
?aeeaiiua ia?ii?eyoey a ?E aeieaeiu eiaoue iaeio oi?io, iaeio aaiio
oeaaoia e, a eiia/iii eoiaa, ninoaaeyoue aianoa aaeeiia oeaeia.
Ecaanoiue ?aeeaieno Ae. Iaeeae noi?ioee?iaae oai?eth i oii, /oi eaaeaeay
?aeeaia aeieaeia ?anniao?eaaoueny n oi/ee c?aiey oiai, eae iia nicaea?o
eiiieaen neiaieia, eaeiauie yaeythony «eieaeaee» oiaa?ia.
Eiino?oe?iaaiea ia?aca (eieaeae-aeeaeeia) – iaeei ec naiuo yooaeoeaiuo
i?e?iia nia?aiaiiie ?aeeaiu. Anee i?iiuoeaiieee iaoeaeyo naith ?aeeaio
ia nicaeaiea iaeaieaa aeaaii?eyoiiai eieaeaea n iaeaieaa ?acei
iaicia/aiiie eiaeeaeaeoaeueiinoueth aeey naieo oiaa?ia, oi a eiia/iii
n/?oa iieo/ao aieueooth /anoue ?uiea e iaeaieueoea i?eauee. Oae, ai an?i
ie?a ecaeaeey oe?iu «Aaeeaean» annioeee?othony ni caei?iaui ia?acii
aeecie, nii?oeaiuie oniaoaie; /anu «?ieaen», aaoi?o/ee «E?inn» –
ao?eaoou i?aoniaaathuaai aecianiaia.
A ianoiyuaa a?aiy, ii iiaieth caiaaeiuo niaoeeaeenoia, eiieo?aioeey
oiaa?ia ia?a?inea a eiieo?aioeeth «a?yiaeia». Ioa/anoaaiiue ?aeeaieno E.
?iaeeia aea?o ii?aaeaeaiea a?yiaeeiao, eae aeayoaeueiinoe ii nicaeaieth
aeieain?i/iiai i?aaeii/oaiey e oiaa?o, iniiaaiiie ia niaianoiii
oneeaiiii aicaeaenoaee ia iio?aaeoaey oiaeiaee, oiaa?iiai ciaea,
?aeeaiiuo ia?auaiee, iaoa?eaeia naeec-i?iiiooi e ae?oaeo yeaiaioia
?aeeaiu, iauaaeei?iiuo ii?aaeae?iiie eaeaae e iaeiioeiiui ioi?ieaieai,
auaeaeythuee oiaa? n?aaee eiieo?aioia e nicaeathueo aai ia?ac.
A?yiaeeia i?aaenoaaeyao niaie niaianoioth oai?/aneoth ?aaioo
?aeeaiiaeaoaey, ?aaeecothuae i?aaiecaoeee e ?aeeaiiiai aaaionoaa ii
nicaeaieth e oe?ieiianooaaiiio aiaae?aieth a niciaiea iio?aaeoaey
ia?niiaeece?iaaiiiai a?yiae-eieaeaea – ia?aca, caia?ee?iaaiiiai
ii?aaeae?iiui oiaa?iui ciaeii oiaa?a eee naiaenoaa oiaa?ia ia iniiaa
na?ue?ciuo ia?eaoeiaiauo enneaaeiaaiee. Ae. Iaeeae aiai?ee:
«I?iecaiaeeoaeue, eioi?ue iinayoeo naith ?aeeaio nicaeaieth iaeaieaa
aeaaii?eyoiiai ia?aca, iaeaieaa auioeei i?aaenoaaeo ioee/ea naiaai
a?yiaea io eiieo?aioia, caaithao iaeaieueooth aeieth ?uiea e aoaeao
iieo/aoue iaeneiaeueioth i?eaueue a oa/aiea aeeeoaeueiiai a?aiaie».
Ecaanoiua i?eia?u a?yiaeia, eeaee?othueo ia ?uiea NOA: iaeaaeaea –
«Eeaaen», nii?oeaiua oiaa?u – «Iaee», auoiaay yeaeo?iieea – «Aeaeaia?ae
Yeaeo?ee», aaoiiiaeee – «Oi?ae», aacaeeiaieueiua iaieoee – «Eiea-Eiea».
[? – no?. 72-73].
Oeaee i?iaaaeaiey ?E iiaoo auoue naiuie ?aciiia?aciuie:
aiaae?aiea ia ?uiie iiauo oiaa?ia, oneoa;
noeioee?iaaiea nauoa oiaa?ia eee oaaee/aiea iau?ia ?aaeecaoeee oneoa;
ia?aeeth/aiea ni?ina n iaeieo oiaa?ia (oneoa) ia ae?oaea;
nicaeaiea aeaaii?eyoiiai ia?aca i?aaei?eyoey (oe?iu) e oiaa?a;
iaania/aiea noaaeeueiinoe i?aaenoaaeaiee o iieoiaoaeae e ia?oi??ia i
oiaa?a eee i?aaei?eyoee (oe?ia).
I?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue ?E caaeneo io iinoaaeaiiie oeaee, iniaaiiinoae
iauaeoa ?aeeaie?iaaiey, ianooaaia eaiiaiee.
Aeey eo/oaai iiieiaiey iiiyoey, nouiinoe ?aeeaiiie eaiiaiee y oi/o
i?eaanoe caeanue ?aaeueiue i?eia? ieaia ?aeeaiiie eaiiaiee, eioi?ue
eniieuecoaony iaeiei e?eooneei ?aeeaiiui aaaionoaii n iieiui oeeeeii
oneoa – ?aeeaiiay a?oiia IIOI?!:
?ac?aaioea ?aeeaiiie eaiiaiee aeeth/aao a naay:
Aiaeec neooaoeee
e?aoeia iienaiea nouanoaothuaai iieiaeaiey oiaa?a
e?aoeia iienaiea oeaeaauo ?uieia
oeaee ?uii/iie aeayoaeueiinoe
Iinoaiiaea oeaeae ?aeeaiu
/aai iu oioei aeinoe/ue ii ioiioaieth e inaaaeiie?iiinoe iio?aaeoaey
«ie?aieaea»
?aeeaiiay no?aoaaey
Eiioeaioeey i?iaeoeoa (niaieoiiinoue iieaciuo ea/anoa oiaa?a n oi/ee
c?aiey iio?aaeoaey)
noaiaiue e ?iae aiaea/?iiinoe
Oeaeaaua aoaeeoi?ee
iniiaiua
aoi?inoaiaiiua
i?i/ea
N?aaenoaa ianniaie eioi?iaoeee (NIE)
o?aaeeoeeiiiua (i?eioeeiu ?aaiou ni NIE, oa?aeoa?enoeee aua?aiiuo NIE)
aniiiiaaoaeueiua (ii/oiaay ?aeeaia, ?aeeaiiua aeoeee e i?i/aa)
yoaiu ?aeeaiiie eaiiaiee
?aeeaiiia niiauaiea
yeaiaiou niaea?aeaiey
aeaaec e oaeno (no?oeoo?a, a?aoiaioaoeey, eieaeae)
ooaeiaeanoaaiiua yeaiaiou
aecoaeueiua (a iauyaeaieyo, ?ieeeao, ianoao i?iaeaae)
oeaao, ?acia?, noeeue
Athaeaeao ?aeeaiiie eaiiaiee e iaaeeaieai
Aeey aieaa iieiiai ?ane?uoey oaiu y oi/o i?eaanoe caeanue noaio
i?ioeanna ?ac?aaioee ?aeeaiiie eaiiaiee. (Ni. noaio 1).
Aeaeu ?aeeaiiuo eaiiaiee.
?E ioee/athony ?aciiia?aceai ii iiiaei i?eciaeai, aeaaiua ec eioi?uo
ia?a/eneaiu ieaea.
Ii iniiaiiio iauaeoo ?aeeaie?iaaiey iiaeii auaeaeeoue eaiiaiee ii
?aeeaia:
oiaa?ia e oneoa;
i?aaei?eyoee, oe?i, o.a. oi?ie?othuea eieaeae ?aeeaiiaeaoaey.
Ii i?aneaaeoaiui oeaeyi ?E iiae?acaeaeythony ia:
aaiaeyuea, o.a. iaania/eaathuea aiaae?aiea ia ?uiie iiauo oiaa?ia e
oneoa;
ooaa?aeaeathuea, niinianoaothuea ?inoo nauoa oiaa?ia, oneoa;
iaiiieiathuea, iaania/eaathuea iiaeaea?aeaiea ni?ina ia oiaa?u, oneoae.
Ii oa??eoi?eaeueiiio ioaaoo ?E aeaeyo ia:
eieaeueiua;
?aaeiiaeueiua;
iaoeeiiaeueiua;
iaaeaeoia?iaeiua.
Ii eioaineaiinoe aicaeaenoaey ?E auaatho:
?iaiua;
ia?anoathuea;
ienoiaeyuea.
?iaiay ?E i?aaeoniao?eaaao ?aaiiia?iia ?ani?aaeaeaiea ?aeeaiiuo
ia?ii?eyoee ai a?aiaie, o.a. /a?aaeiaaiea /a?ac ?aaiua eioa?aaeu
iaeeiaeiauo iau?iia o?aineyoeee ii ?aaeei, ia oaeaaeaeaiee, iaeeiaeiaua
?acia?u ioaeeeaoeee a NIE. Iai?eia?, ?aaeei?aeeaia – aaeaiaaeaeueii a
ii?aaeae?iiue aeaiue e /an. Yoio oei ?E eniieuecoaony i?e aeinoaoi/ii
aunieie ecaanoiinoe ?aeeaiiaeaoaey, i?e iaiiieiathuae ?aeeaia.
Ia?anoathuay ?E no?ieony ii i?eioeeio oneeaiey aicaeaenoaey ia
aoaeeoi?eth. Iai?eia?, aia/aea i?eaeaeathony n?aaeiaoe?aaeiua NIE, caoai
eiee/anoai ecaeaiee e eo i?anoeaeiinoue aic?anoaao, iaeiia?aiaiii
oaaee/eaaaony iau?i iauyaeaiee, caoai iiaeeeth/atho ?aaeei, oaeaaeaeaiea
e o.ae.. Oaeie iiaeoiae oeaeaniia?acai i?e iinoaiaiiii oaaee/aiee iau?ia
auionea ?aeeaie?oaiiai oiaa?a e aai iinoaaee ia ?uiie. Oaeei aea ia?acii
iiaeao no?ieoue naith ?E ia/eiathuay oe?ia.
Ienoiaeyuay ?E yaeyaony iaeaieaa i?eaieaiui aeaeii i?e ?aeeaie?iaaiee
ia?aie/aiiie ii iau?io ia?oee oiaa?a. Ii ia?a ?aaeecaoeee oiaa?a,
oiaiueoaiey aai eiee/anoaa ia neeaaeao nieaeaaony e eioaineaiinoue
?aeeaiu.
Noaia 1.
Eii?aeeiaoeey a ?aeeaia auaaao aeaoo aeaeia :
“Aioo?aiiyy” eii?aeeiaoeey, o.a. yoi neii?aeeie?iaaiiinoue ioaeaeueiuo
yeaiaioia ?aeeaiiie i?ia?aiiu eee ?aeeaiiie eaiiaiee ii ii?yaeeo
aeaenoaee e a?aiaie;
“Aiaoiyy” eii?aeeiaoeey. ?aeeaia – yoi iaeei yeaiaioia, niinianoaothueo
oniaoo nauoiaie i?ia?aiiu oe?iu. Oniao ia?eaoeiaa iau/ii caaeneo io
niioaaonoaey oiaa?a o?aaiaaieyi ?uiea, i?aaeeueii iaeaaeaiiuo eaiaeia
?ani?aaeaeaiey, i?aaeeueiiai onoaiiaeaiey oeai, ee/iuo i?iaeaae e
?aeeaiu. ?aeeaia ea?aao a ?acee/iuo “ia?eaoeiaiauo eiiaiaeao” ?acee/iua
?iee, ii aia caaeneiinoe io aa ooieoeee a ethaie ia?eaoeiaiaie nenoaia
?aeeaia aeieaeia ciaoue “ea?o”, e aa aeaenoaey aeieaeiu auoue
neii?aeeie?iaaiu ni anaie inoaeueiuie aeaeaie ia?eaoeiaiaie
aeayoaeueiinoe.
Niaea?aeaiea ?aeeaiiie eaiiaiee.
Noa?a aeayoaeueiinoe ?aeeaiu ai?acaei oe?a ninoaaeaiey iauyaeaiee. Iia
aeeth/aao a naay e ?aeiiaiaeoaony ieaie?iaaoue ?aeeaiioth eaiiaieth a
neaaeothuae iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe:
ii?aaeaeeoue
ii?aaeaeeoue oeaee ?aeeaiiie eaiiaiee;
ii?aaeaeeoue iniiaioth eaeath ?aeeaiiie eaiiaiee;
aua?aoue oi?iu ?aciauaiey ?aeeaiu;
ii?aaeaeeoue iaeaieaa iioeiaeueiua n?iee ?aciauaiey ?aeeaiiuo
ia?ii?eyoee ioiineoaeueii ae?oa ae?oaa ai a?aiaie;
iiaen/eoaoue aiciiaeiua ?anoiaeu ia ?aeeaiioth eaiiaieth;
n?aaieoue iieo/aiioth noiio n oie noiiie, eioi?oth au iiaeaoa auaeaeeoue
ia aa i?iaaaeaiea;
ninoaaeoue ?acaa?iooue ieai ?aeeaiiie eaiiaiee;
?ac?aaioaoue ana yeaiaiou ?aeeaiiie eaiiaiee;
i?iaa?eoue aiciiaeioth yooaeoeaiinoue aua?aiiie oeaee, eaeae, yeaiaioia
?aeeaiiie eaiiaiee;
i?e iaiaoiaeeiinoe ooi/ieoue, eciaieoue yeaiaiou ?aeeaiiie eaiiaiee;
i?aaieciaaoue ?aaioo oe?iu ai a?aiy ?aeeaiiie eaiiaiee;
iiaeaanoe eoiae ?aeeaiiie eaiiaiee.
Anee iiiuoaoueny iaiaueoue ana yoe eiiiiiaiou e yoaiu ?E, oi iiaeii
iaaa?iia auaeaeeoue neaaeothuea iniiaiua yeaiaiou niaea?aeaiey ?E:
Enneaaeiaaiea ?uiea;
Ieaie?iaaiea eiioeaioeee ?E;
Iaaeeaieai (auai? ?aeeaiiuo n?aaenoa, /anoiou auoiaea ?aeeaiiuo
niiauaiee e ?an/?o athaeaeaoa ?E);
I?iecaiaenoai ?aeeaiiuo i?iaeoeoia;
Ioeaiea yooaeoeaiinoe ?E.
?anniio?ei eaaeaeue yeaiaio iiae?iaiaa:
Enneaaeiaaiea ?uiea.
Eae oaea aiai?eeinue auoa, ?aeeaia – yoi i?ioeann i?aaeoniao?eaathuee
i?eiyoea ?yaea iineaaeiaaoaeueiuo ?aoaiee, e /oi iauyaeaiey, n eioi?uie
iu ano?a/aainy eae iio?aaeoaee, yaeythony eiia/iuie i?iaeoeoaie yoiai
i?ioeanna. ?aeeaiiaeaoaeue aeieaeai ?aoeoue, /oi ii oi/ao aeiaeoueny n
iiiiuueth ?aeeaiu, eaeea ?uiee ia?aaaouaaoue, eae noi?ioee?iaaoue
ia?auaiea, eaeea n?aaenoaa ?aeeaiu eniieueciaaoue, eiaaea e eae
/anoi aeaaaoue ?aeeaio, neieueei ia ia? o?aoeoue. Iiyoiio
?aeeaiiaeaoaeth iniaaiii aaaeii eniieueciaaoue a naiae ?aaioa
?aciiia?aciua iaoiaeu (enneaaeiaaoaeueneea i?eaiu), eioi?ua iicaieytho
iieo/aoue aeinoaoi/ii iaaeaaeiua naeaeaoaeuenoaa, eoi e a /ai
ioaeaeaaony e niiniaii ee eiathuaany /oi-oi oaeiaeaoai?eoue
nouanoaothuea cai?inu e iio?aaiinoe.
Aeey oniaoiie eioa?i?aoaoeee ea/anoa oiaa?ia e oneoa, niiniaiuo
oaeiaeaoai?youe cai?inu n oi/ee c?aiey ioaeae e iio?aaiinoae
iieoiaoaeae, ?aeeaiiaeaoaeue aeieaeai ?aniieaaaoue ii aiciiaeiinoe
iieiui i?aaenoaaeaieai i iio?aaeoaea e naiii oiaa?a, a oaeaea i
no?oeoo?a ?uiea. Eiaiii ii yoiio enneaaeiaaiey a ?aeeaia aaaeoony a
o?ao iniiaiuo iai?aaeaieyo:
eco/aiea iio?aaeoaeae;
aiaeec oiaa?a;
aiaeec ?uiea.
Eco/aiea iio?aaeoaeae iiiiaaao auyaeyoue a?oiiu iaeaieaa aa?iyoiuo
iieoiaoaeae. Iii iicaieyao oynieoue, eae eiaiii iio?aaeoaee
aini?eieiatho eo nianoaaiiua oiaa?u e oiaa?u eiieo?aioia. Iii iiiiaaao
iiiyoue, ia eaeie ?acoeueoao ?ann/eouaaao iio?aaeoaeue, i?eieiay
?aoaiea i iieoiea. Aiaeec oiaa?a iaeaa/aao ?aeeaiiaeaoaeyi nicaeaiea
oiaa?ia, ianoueo iio?aaeoaeth iaeeaeaaiia oaeiaeaoai?aiea, a oaeaea
iiiiaaao au/eaieoue iaeaieaa i?eyoiua aeinoieinoaa ecaeaeey, i
eioi?uo neaaeoao ?anneacaoue. A ?acoeueoaoa i?iecaiaeeoaee iieo/atho
aiciiaeiinoue au?aceoue ea/anoaa naieo oiaa?ia ia ycuea, iaeaieaa
iiiyoiii iio?aaeoaeth, ia ycuea aai nianoaaiiuo ioaeae e cai?inia.
Aiaeec ?uiea iiiiaaao onoaiiaeoue aaea iaoiaeyony iioaioeeaeueiua
iieoiaoaee, n oai /oiau neiioeaio?e?iaaoue ?aeeaio ia iaeaieaa
ia?niaeoeaiuo iai?aaeaieyo.
Oaeei ia?acii enneaaeiaaiey ea?atho ?ieue iniiaiiai ?aai/aai eino?oiaioa
a nicaeaiee yooaeoeaiie ?aeeaiu. Iaeiaei neaaeoao iiiieoue, /oi
enneaaeiaaiey anaai eeoue aeiiieiytho, a ia caiaiytho niaie oai?/aneeo
niiniaiinoae e aunieiai i?ioanneiiaeecia ?oeiaiaeeoaeae ?aai/eo a?oii,
oaenoiaeeia, ooaeiaeieeia e o.ae., oneeeyie eioi?uo ?iaeaeathony
oniaoiua ?aeeaiiua eiiiaiee.
Aiaeec ?uiea.
Ia ia?iiiie oa??eoi?ee iinoiyiii iaiythuaainy ?uiea ie iaeei oiaa?
ia iio?aaeytho iianaianoii a iaeeiaeiaie noaiaie. Iiyoiio
iauaiaoeeiiaeueiue ?aeeaiiaeaoaeue – e oio, /uee oiaa?u ?anoiaeyony ii
anae no?aia, e oio, /uee oiaa?u ?ani?ino?aiythony oieueei a
ii?aaeaeaiiuo ?aaeiiao, – aeieaeai ?anniao?eaaoue ?uiie eae
niaieoiiinoue ioaeaeueiuo ?uieia, ioee/athueony ae?oa io ae?oaa.
Iaeioi?ua ?uiee “ieiaeiiiniu”, e eo iiaeii ia?aaaouaaoue n aieueoie
auaiaeie aeey naay, ae?oaea – “aanieiaeiu”, e ia ieo aiiaua ia noieo
o?aoeoue oneeee.
Oeaeue aiaeeca ?uiea – ii?aaeaeeoue ianoiiaoiaeaeaiea “ieiaeiiiniuo”
?uieia e ioeaieoue eo iioaioeeaeueioth aieinoue aeey naieo oiaa?ia.
?aniieaaay yoeie naaaeaieyie, ?aeeaiiaeaoaeue niiaeao caoai
?ani?aaeaeeoue naie oneeey iaaeaeo ?acee/iuie ?uii/iuie ciiaie
i?iii?oeeiiaeueii eo iioaioeeaeueiie aieinoe e, neaaeiaaoaeueii,
aeiaeoueny iaeneiaeueiiai aiciauaiey ?anoiaeia ia ?aeeaio.
?aaeiiaeueiua ?acee/ey.
Eeeiao yaeyaony iniiaiie i?e/eiie, iauyniythuae ?acee/ey a ?aaeiiaeueiuo
iieoiaoaeueneeo i?aaeii/oaieyo. Aeeeiiia oaieia aaeuea oi?ioi eaeao a
?aeiiao aaeieue a?aieoeu n Naaa?iie Eaiaaeie, a eoiaeueiua einothiu
– e?oaeiaiaee/iue “aanonaeea?” ai Oei?eaea. Iaycaoaeueiue a Aeneiineia
aioeo?ec ia noieue aaaeai a Eaeeoi?iee. Eiiaeeoeeiia?u ioioiaa
iieoiatho a ianoiinoyo n i?aiaeaaeaieai aea?eie e aeaaeiie iiaiaeu.
?aaeiiaeueiua neiiaoee e aioeiaoee iauyniythony oaeaea i?eau/eaie,
iau/ayie e neeiiiinoyie e ?annaeaieth a?oii eiino?aioeaa a
ii?aaeaeaiiuo ianoiinoyo. Iai?eia? a Iiaii I?eaaia oae neeueia auea
i?eaycaiiinoue e eioa n aieueoei eiee/anoaii oeeei?ey, /oi
i?iecaiaeeoaee auioaeaeaiu auee nicaeaoue aeey yoiai ?aeiia iniaoth
nianue.
Iauaiaoeeiiaeueiui ?aeeaiiaeaoaeyi iaaeinoaoi/ii i?inoi ciaoue,
/oi nauo eo oiaa?ia a iaeieo ?aaeiiao auoa, a a ae?oaeo – ieaea. Ei
iaiaoiaeeii aeieneeaaoueny aei ecia/aeueiuo i?e/ei oaeiai iieiaeaiey.
Iioaioeeaeueiue iauai nauoa.
Iioaioeeaeueiue iauai nauoa – yoi ioeaii/iue iieacaoaeue aiciiaeiinoae
?uiea a ioiioaiee caeoiie eiie?aoiiai oiaa?a. Ioeaiea io?aaeaao
yeiiiie/aneea ?ano?nu ?aaeiia e oeacuaaao ianooaau aiciiaeiinoae, ii ia
oaeoe/aneiai iauaia i?iaeaae. Au?aaeaiiay a oece/aneeo aaeeieoeao,
aeieea?ao eee i?ioeaioao ioeaiea iioaioeeaeueiiai iauaia nauoa neoaeeo
enoiaeiui eiee/anoaaiiui iieacaoaeai aeey i?eaaaeaiey ?aeeaiiie
no?aoaaee a niioaaonoaea n aiciiaeiinoyie nauoa ia ?icie/iuo o/anoeao
?uiea.
Ioeaiea iioaioeeaeueiiai iauaia nauoa ieacuaaaony iniaaiii iieaciie
i?e ?aoaiee aii?ina i ?ani?aaeaeaiee ?aeeaiiuo oneeee a auai?a n?aaenoa
?aeeaiu.
Ieaie?iaaiea eiioeaioeee ?E.
I?iaaaeaiea ethaie ?E o?aaoao ouaoaeueiie a? iiaeaioiaee. I?ioeann
iiaeaioiaee ?E ia/eiaaony n iainiiaaiey iaiaoiaeeiinoe e
oeaeaniia?aciinoe a? i?iaaaeaiey.
I?e ieaie?iaaiee ?E ioeaiea ia?eaoeiaiaie neooaoeee e ii?aaeaeaiea
oeaeae ?aeeaiu iaioaeaeeiu ae?oa io ae?oaa.
Neaaeoao ioiaoeoue, /oi iaeaieaa /anoi ano?a/athueiny iaaeinoaoeii
ieaie?iaaiey ?E yaeyaony ianiiniaiinoue /?oei e ynii ii?aaeaeeoue oeaee
?aeeaiu. I?aaeeueiay e iainiiaaiiay oi?ioee?iaea oeaee ?E iicaieyao
aeaoue /?oeee ioaao ia aii?in, aeey /aai iia i?iaiaeeony. I?e
ii?aaeaeaiee oeaee iaiaoiaeeii iaania/eoue niioaaonoaea a? ia?eaoeiaiaie
e ?aeeaiiie no?aoaaee oe?iu.
Oi?ioee?iaea oeaee aeieaeia auoue eiie?aoiie, iaeiicia/iie e eiaoue
eiee/anoaaiioth ioeaieo. [? – no?. 186.].
?E aeieaeia iniiauaaoueny ia noa?aeiaaie oaia (eaeaa), eioi?ay io?aaeaea
au oeaee ?E e i?enoonoaiaaea au a eaaeaeii ?aeeaiiii niiauaiee. A yoii
neo/aa eaaeaeia ?aeeaiiia niiauaiea «iiaeaea?aeeaaei» au ana inoaeueiua
a aeinoeaeaiee aeaeaaiuo eiia/iuo ?acoeueoaoia.
A caaeneiinoe io oeaee, io eaiiaiee e eaiiaiee eciaiythony e eo oaiu.
Auai? ii?aaeae?iiie noa?aeiaaie oaiu – iaiaoiaeeiue yeaiaio ieaie?iaaiey
?E.
Aaaeiaeoae caaea/ae i?e iiaeaioiaea ?E yaeyaony ii?aaeaeaiea iioeaia,
a?aoiaioia a iieueco iieoiee oiaa?a, a oaeaea iniiaiie eaeae ?E,
eioi?oth oi?ioee?otho a aeaea eicoiaa, aeaaeca. A eaaeaeii n?aaenoaa
?aeeaiu aeieaeiu auoue eniieueciaaiu eeoue oa a?aoiaiou, eioi?ua n aai
iiiiuueth iiaeii iaeaieaa yooaeoeaii ia?aaeaoue. [? – no?.196.].
Oi?ie?iaaiea eaeae ia?auaiey. Aeey aaia?e?iaaiey eaeae, i?ecaaiiuo
?aoaoue iinoaaeaiiua ia?aae ?aeeaiie caaea/e, oai?/aneea ?aaioieee
iieuecothony ?aciuie iaoiaeaie. Iiiaea eaeae aicieeatho a ?acoeueoaoa
aanaae n iio?aaeoaeyie, aeeea?aie, yenia?oaie e eiieo?aioaie.
Iaeioi?ua oai?/aneea ?aaioieee iuoathony i?aaenoaaeoue naaa, eaeie ec
/aou??o oeiia aiciaa?aaeaeaiey – ?aoeeiiaeueiia, /oanoaaiiia,
iauanoaaiiia oaeiaeaoai?aiea eee oaeiaeaoai?aiea naiiethaey – iieoiaoaee
?ann/eouaatho iieo/eoue io oiaa?a e a aeaea eaeiai ia?aaeeaaiey. Ioo?i
ni/aoaiey oeiia aiciaa?aaeaeaiey n oeiaie ia?aaeeaaiee iie a ninoiyiee
nicaeaoue iiiaeanoai ?aciuo ?aeeaiiuo ia?auaiee. [? – no?. 93.].
Iaaeeaieai.
A ?aeeaia iaeuecy ?aaioaoue
i?eaaaeao e aieueoei ii?aeueiui e oeiainiaui iioa?yi. I?aaiecaoeey
?aeeaiiie eaiiaiee – yoi i?aaeaea anaai /aoeee ieai. Au aeieaeiu
ioaaoeoue ia iniiaiua aii?inu: aeey /aai, aeey eiai, /oi. Aeey /aai
ioaeia ?aeeaia, eiaiii yoa ?aeeaiiay eaiiaiey, aeey eiai iia
i?aaeiacia/aia, /oi iaiaoiaeeii eiaoue a ?acoeueoaoa aa. Aeieaeia
i?enoonoaiaaoue oaniay naycue ?aeeaiu n oiaa?ii, ia?eaoeiaii,
ineoieiaeae e iiiaei ae?oaei.
Oi?ioee?iaaiea ?aeeaiiie no?aoaaee
Ienueiaiiay oi?ioee?iaea ?aeeaiiie no?aoaaee yaeyaony iaiouaieaiie
/anoueth ethaiai ?aeeaiiiai ieaia. I?e aa ionoonoaee o?oaeii
i?iaiaeece?iaaoue eiaeeo e iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoue ?aeiiaiaeiaaiiiai
?aeeaiiiai a?aoeea.
Eae i?aaeei, iienaiea no?aoaaee aeieaeii oeacuaaoue oeiu ?aeeaiiuo
n?aaenoa e oi, eae iie aoaeoo eniieueciaaoueny, a oaeaea
a?aoiaioe?iaaoue naeaeaiiue auai?. Iienaiea aeieaeii ia/eiaoueny n
e?aoeiai ii?aaeaeaiey aoaeeoi?ee, ia eioi?oth iai?aaeaia ?aeeaiiay
eaiiaiey, i?ei?eoaou a ?aaioa n iae, a oaeaea oeacuaaoue eiie?aoiua
ieaie?oaiua o?iaie ioaaoa, /anoioiinoe e iai?a?uaiinoe. Aeieaeai auoue
iiyniai oa?aeoa? ?aeeaiiiai niiauaiey. Iaiaoiaeeii i?aaenoaaeoue
?acaeaeo ii ?acee/iui ?aeeaiiui n?aaenoaai, ieaie?oaiui e
eniieueciaaieth ca ia?eiae ?aeeaiiie eaiiaiee, athaeaeao ia eaaeaeia ec
ieo, cao?aou ia i?iecaiaenoai e iaiaoiaeeiua iaoa?eaeu. A caeeth/aiea
iaiaoiaeeii oeacaoue ieaie?oaiue iauai e i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue
?aeeaiiiai iauyaeaiey aianoa n oaoie/aneeie aiciiaeiinoyie e
niia?aaeaieyie a?aiaie, a oaeaea athaeaeaoiua ia?aie/aiey. [? – no?. ?].
I?e ?aciauaiee ?aeeaiu oiaa?ia e oneoa eaaeaeue ?aeeaiiaeaoaeue i?aaeaea
anaai inouanoaeyao ioai? iaiaoiaeeiuo n?aaenoa ?aeeaiu, aeaeay auai?
iaaeaeo aacaoaie, aeo?iaeaie, ?aaeei, oaeaaeaeaieai, n?aaenoaaie
ia?oaeiie ?aeeaiu, ?aeeaiu ia o?ainii?oa, i?yiie ii/oiaie ?aeeaiie e
o.ae. Eaeeo-eeai iauai?eiyouo i?aaee caeanue i?aeoe/anee ia nouanoaoao,
oae eae eaaeaeiio aeaeo n?aaenoa ?aeeaiu i?enoue naie nianoaaiiua
oa?aeoa?enoeee e ethaia ec ieo a naith i/a?aaeue ioee/aaony io ae?oaiai.
Ia nouanoaoao eaeiai-oi iaeiiai «eo/oaai» n?aaenoaa, i?eaiaeiiai aeey
anao neooaoeee. Iiyoiio ?aoaiea neaaeoao i?eieiaoue enoiaey ec
eiie?aoiuo o?aaiaaiee, eiie?aoiie ianoaiiaee.
I cia/eiinoe auai?a n?aaenoa ?aeeaiu naeaeaoaeuenoaoao oio oaeo, /oi 80%
cao?a/eaaaiuo ia ?aeeaio aeaiaa auiea/eaaaony n?aaenoaai ?ani?ino?aiaiey
?aeeaiu.
I?e auai?a n?aaenoa ?aeeaiu aeaeaoaeueii ioaaoeoue ia /aou?a aii?ina: 1)
eiai oioei ioaaoeoue? 2) aaea iie iaoiaeyony? 3) /oi i?aaenoaaeyao niaie
ia?auaiea? 4) eiaaea ?aciauaoue iauyaeaiey?
Ioaao ia aii?in eiai ioaaoeoue ?aeeaiie o?aaoao oi/iiai ciaiey oeaeaauo
iioaioeeaeueiuo iieoiaoaeae. Ie iaeei oiaa?, ie iaeia oneoaa ia
eniieuecoaony anaie n?aco a iaeeiaeiaie ia?a. Iaeioi?ua ethaee yaeythony
aieaa aa?iyoiuie iioaioeeaeueiuie iio?aaeoaeyie, /ai ae?oaea. Iiyoiio
nai ?aeeaiiaeaoaeue eee ?aaioiee ?A naaiaioe?oao ?uiie, o.a. auae?aao e
iienuaaao iaeaieaa aa?iyoiuo iioaioeeaeueiuo iieoiaoaeae n oi/ee c?aiey
aeaiia?aoee, nioeeaeueiiai iieiaeaiey, ia?aca aeecie, noaiaie
eniieueciaaiey oiaa?a e o.i. Caoai ioae?athony n?aaenoaa ?aeeaiu,
iaeaieaa iieii ioaa/athuea oa?aeoa?enoeeai oeaeaaiai ?uiea e
iaania/eaathuea ioaao iaeaieueoaai /enea iioaioeeaeueiuo iieoiaoaeae.
?aeeaio iaiaoiaeeii aeaaaoue oai, aaea nin?aaeioi/aii aieueoeinoai
iioaioeeaeueiuo iieoiaoaeae, a iauyaeaiea, i?aaeiacia/aiiia aeey
ioaeeeaoeee a eiie?aoiii ecaeaiee, aeieaeii auoue iaienaii ycueii,
iiiyoiui aeey aai /eoaoaeae. I?e ?aoaiee aii?ina, eiaaea ?aeeaie?iaaoue,
?a/ue iiaeao eaeoe i a?aiaiao aiaea, ianyoeao, iaaeaeyo, aeiyo, /anao,
ieiooao. Ia?eiaee/iinoue auoiaea ia/aoiuo ecaeaiee (aaeaaeiaaiua aacaou,
aaeaiaaeaeueiua e aaeaiany/iua aeo?iaeu) e niaoeeoe/aneay eeanneoeeaoeey
a?aiaiiuo io?aceia ia oaeaaeaeaiee e ?aaeei i?aaeinoaaeytho
?aeeaiiaeaoaeyi aiciiaeiinoue aua?aoue oi/iia a?aiy, eiaaea ia?auaiey
aoaeoo oaeaeaiu, i?i/eoaiu eee oneuoaiu.
A ianoiyuaa a?aiy iaaethaeaaony aieueoia ?aciiia?acea n?aaenoa ?aeeaiu,
eniieuecoaiuo ?aeeaiiaeaoaeyie e ?aeeaiiuie aaaionoaaie i?e i?iaaaeaiee
?E a ?aieao inouanoaeaiey ?aeeaiiuo i?ia?aii.
Auai? caaeneo io eiie?aoiie neooaoeee, a eioi?ie iaoiaeeony
?aeeaiiaeaoaeue. Iai?eia?, aeey oiaa?a a yaii auaeaeythuaeny oiaeiaea
(einiaoe/aneea oiaa?u) iiaeao iio?aaiaaoueny eniieueciaaiea oaeeo
n?aaenoa ?aeeaiu, eae aeo?iaeu e oaeaaeaeaiea.
I?e auai?a n?aaenoa ?ani?ino?aiaiey ?aeeaiu n ii/oe iaeeiaeiauie
aeinoieinoaaie iaiaoiaeeii ?oeiaiaenoaiaaoueny eo i?aeiouanoaaie e
ia?aie/aieyie, a oaeaea noieiinoueth n?aaenoa ?aeeaiu ia oaeouee iiiaio
a?aiaie.
Ieaea i?aaenoaaeaiu i?aeiouanoaa e iaaeinoaoee iniiaiuo n?aaenoa
?aeeaiu. (Oaae. 1.).
Ia yoaia ?ac?aaioee ?aeeaiiiai ia?auaiey neaaeoao o/eouaaoue aeaiiua i
oe?ioa ioaaoa, /anoioa iiyaeaiey e neea aicaeaenoaey ?aeeaiu.
Iiae ioaaoii iiieiaaony e?oa eeoe a ?aieao oeaeaaie aoaeeoi?ee,
iiaeeaaeaueo aicaeaenoaeth ?aeeaiu ca ii?aaeae?iiue i?iiaaeooie a?aiaie
(a %). Aaaeii iaania/eoue ioaao iaeaieueoaai /enea iioaioeeaeueiuo
iieoiaoaeae n o/?oii auaeaeaiiuo anneaiiaaiee.
?aeeaiiaeaoaeue ieaie?oao /anoioo iiyaeaiey ?aeeaiu ca ii?aaeae?iiue
i?iiaaeooie a?aiaie a aua?aiiii naaiaioa ?uiea.
O/eouaaaony neea aicaeaenoaey eiioaeoa iioaioeeaeueiiai iieoiaoaey n
?aeeaiie. Iai?eia?, oaeaaeaeaiea eiaao aieueooth neeo aicaeaenoaey
?aeeaiu ia aoaeeoi?eth, /ai ?aeeaiiia niiauaiea ii ?aaeei, oae eae ia
iieoiaoaey aicaeaenoaotho ni/aoaieai caoea e ecia?aaeaiey, oeaaoa e
aeaeaeaiey.
Ia aeaiiii yoaia ?ac?aaioee ?aeeaiiie i?ia?aiiu iaiaoiaeeii oaeaea
eniieueciaaoue ciaiey oai?ee aini?eyoey eioi?iaoeee, o/eouaay
eiie?aoioth ?uii/ioth neooaoeeth.
Oaaeeoea 1.
I?aeiouanoaa e iaaeinoaoee iniiaiuo n?aaenoa ?ani?ino?aiaiey ?aeeaiu.
N?aaenoai ?aeeaiu I?aeiouanoaa Iaaeinoaoee
Aacaou Aeaeinoue, naiaa?aiaiiinoue, aieueoie ioaao ianoiiai ?uiea,
oe?ieia i?eciaiea e i?eiyoea, aunieay aeinoiaa?iinoue E?aoeia?aiaiiinoue
nouanoaiaaiey, ieceia ea/anoai aini?iecaaaeaiey, iacia/eoaeueiay
aoaeeoi?ey «aoi?e/iuo» /eoaoaeae
Oaeaaeaeaiea Ni/aoaiea ecia?aaeaiey, caoea e aeaeaeaiey, /oanoaaiiia
aicaeaenoaea, aunieay noaiaiue i?eaea/aiey aieiaiey, oe?ioa ioaaoa
Aunieay aaniethoiay noieiinoue, ia?aa?oaeaiiinoue ?aeeaiie,
ieiie?oiinoue ?aeeaiiiai eiioaeoa, iaiueoay ecae?aoaeueiinoue aoaeeoi?ee
?aaeei Ecae?aoaeueiinoue aoaeeoi?ee, ianniainoue eniieueciaaiey, aunieay
aaia?aoe/aneay e aeaiia?aoe/aneay ecae?aoaeueiinoue, aeinooiiinoue
?anoeaiie I?aaenoaaeaiea oieueei caoeiauie n?aaenoaaie, noaiaiue
i?eaea/aiey aieiaiey ieaea, /ai o oaeaaeaeaiey, ieiie?oiinoue ?aeeaiiiai
eiioaeoa
AEo?iaeu Aunieay aaia?aoe/aneay e aeaiia?aoe/aneay ecae?aoaeueiinoue,
aeinoiaa?iinoue, i?anoeaeiinoue, aunieia ea/anoai aini?iecaaaeaiey,
aeeeoaeueiinoue nouanoaiaaiey, cia/eoaeueiia /enei «aoi?e/iuo» /eoaoaeae
Aeeeoaeueiue a?aiaiiie ?ac?ua iaaeaeo iieoieie ianoa e iiyaeaieai
?aeeaiu, iaee/ea aaniieaciiai oe?aaea, ionoonoaea aa?aioee ?aciauaiey
iauyaeaiey a i?aaeii/oeoaeueiii ianoa
Ia?oaeiay ?aeeaia Aeaeinoue, aunieay /anoioa iiaoi?iuo eiioaeoia,
iaaunieay noieiinoue, neaaay eiieo?aioeey Ionoonoaea ecae?aoaeueiinoe
aoaeeoi?ee, ia?aie/aiey oai?/aneiai oa?aeoa?a
A ia/aeueiue iiiaio aicaeaenoaey ia aaeeieoeo a?aiaie neaaeoao
ia?aaeaaaoue aieueoaa /enei ?aeeaiiuo niiauaiee e eo/oaai ea/anoaa. Yoi
iicaieeo iioaioeeaeueiui iio?aaeoaeyi caiaoeoue ?aeeaio, aini?eiyoue a?
e onaieoue iieiinoueth eee /anoe/ii. Aeaeueoa eioaineaiinoue
?aeeaie?iaaiey e aeaaea ?acia?u iauyaeaiee ioaeii nieaeaoue aei
ii?aaeae?iiiai o?iaiy. Eae i?aaeei, ia?aia niiauaiea i oiaa?a iiiaaeaao
a noa?o aieiaiey oieueei 30-50 % aae?anaoia. Iaaei iioaeeeiaaoue ia
iaiaa o??o iauyaeaiee, /oiau eo i?i/eoaei aieueoeinoai aae?anaoia.
Acaeiinaycue eioaineaiinoe ?aeeaie?iaaiey e caauaaaiinoe eioi?iaoeee
iiaeao auoue i?aaenoaaeaia a?aoe/anee (?en. 1).
?en. 1. A?aoee acaeiinayce eioaineaiinoe ?aeeaie?iaaiey e caauaaaiinoe
eioi?iaoeee. I – eiee/anoai eioi?iaoeee; O – a?aiy
Eae aeaeii ec ?enoiea, a ia?aua iiiaiou iinea aini?eyoey eioi?iaoeey
caauaaaony aieaa auno?i e a aieueoii eiee/anoaa. Yoi iiaeii iauynieoue
oai, /oi a niciaiee /aeiaaea au? ia nicaeaeinue noieeeo iiiyoee e
iaiauaiee, eioi?ua caauaathony o?oaeiaa, /ai ia?ae/iua aia/aoeaiey.
Oaeei ia?acii, a ia/aea inouanoaeaiey ?aeeaiiie i?ia?aiiu oeaeaniia?acii
/aua ioaeeeiaaoue iauyaeaiey, iinoaiaiii nieaeay /anoioo ioaeeeaoeee,
iaeiaei nio?aiyy a? ia eca?aiiii iinoiyiiii o?iaia aei caaa?oaiey
?aeeaiiie i?ia?aiiu. I?e yoii neaaeoao o/eouaaoue, /oi /anoioa
ioaeeeaoeee a oa/aiea aiaea ia yaeyaony iinoiyiiie.
Ia caeeth/eoaeueiii yoaia iaiaoiaeeii ninoaaeoue a?aoee eniieueciaaiey
ioia?aiiuo n?aaenoa ?aeeaiu ii neaaeothuae oi?ia:
Ioia?aiiua n?aaenoaa Ianyoeu
?aeeaiu 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Aacaou…
?aaeei…
Oaeaaeaeaiea…
AEo?iaeu… e o.ae.
E?iia oiai, iaaei ?ann/eoaoue noieiinoue eniieueciaaiey aua?aiiuo
n?aaenoa ?ani?ino?aiaiey ?aeeaiu e i?iaanoe ei??aeoe?iaeo ?anoiaeia a
niioaaonoaee n caaeaieai ?aeeaiiaeaoaey. Noieiinoue ?aeeaiu i?e yoii
neaaeoao ioeaieaaoue aeaiyei. N iaeiie noi?iiu, ii?aaeaeythony iauea
?anoiaeu ia n?aaenoai ?aeeaiu, a n ae?oaie – ia iaeiiai /eoaoaey,
c?eoaey (ia ouny/o /aeiaae). Iaeiaei, iieoiay ianoi eee a?aiy, ia
anaaaea ioaeii ?oeiaiaenoaiaaoueny oieueei noieiinoueth. Yoi
oeaeaniia?acii, eae i?aaeei, eeoue i?e auai?a n?aaenoa ?ani?ino?aiaiey
?aeeaiu n ii/oe iaeeiaeiauie aeinoieinoaaie. [? – no?. 211-215.].
Niaoa – yoi ieai oeiaine?iaaiey ii?aaeae?iiuo ?aeeaiiuo ia?ii?eyoee. A
i?i aeaoaeueii ?anniao?eaathony aii?inu, eanathueany ?acee/iuo oiaa?ia,
?uieia, n?aaenoa ?ani?ino?aiaiey ?aeeaiu a ?acee/iua a?aiaiiua n?iee.
Ioo?i ii?aaeaeaiey e ioeaiee cao?ao ia eaaeaeoth ec /anoiuo caaea/
?aeeaiu neeaaeuaathony iauea cao?aou. Noiiu, auaeaeyaiua ia ?aeeaio,
aeieaeiu auoue ?acaeou ia ninoaaiua /anoe.
Ianiio?y ia oi, /oi niaou onoaiaaeeaathony ia eiie?aoiue ia?eiae, iie
aeieaeiu iinoiyiii ia?aniao?eaaoueny e ooi/iyoueny a caaeneiinoe io
eciaiaiey neooaoeee ia ?uiea. Iioeiaeueiue iau?i cao?ao ia ?aeeaio
ii?aaeaeyaony enoiaey ec iiuoa ?oeiaiaenoaa e aai ioiioaiey e ?aeeaia.
Iiieiaiea aaaeiinoe ?aeeaiiuo eaiiaiee ieacuaaao na?ue?ciia aeeyiea ia
oniao anae ?aeeaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey (oe?iu).
?aoaiea i auaeaeaiee n?aaenoa ia ?aeeaio e auai? n?aaenoa a?
?ani?ino?aiaiey acaeiinaycaiu. I?e yoii iniiaiay ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca
auai? n?aaenoa ?ani?ino?aiaiey eiaeeony ia ?aeeaiiia aaaionoai, a ia ia
?aeeaiiaeaoaey. ?anoiaeu ia iieoieo a?aiaie e ianoa a n?aaenoaao
?ani?ino?aiaiey ?aeeaiu iiaeiuatho iau/ii iaeaieueooth aeieth niaoiuo
?anoiaeia. I?e/?i auai? oeia n?aaenoaa ?ani?ino?aiaiey ?aeeaiu e
eiie?aoiuo i?aaiia ia/aoe eee aauaiey o?aaoao iiuoa e niaoeeaeueiuo
ciaiee, eioi?uie ?aniieaaatho ?aeeaiiua aaaionoaa.
Iniiaiie caaea/ae i?e auai?a n?aaenoaa ?ani?ino?aiaiey ?aeeaiu yaeyaony
aeiianaiea ?aeeaiiiai niiauaiey aei iaeneiaeueiiai /enea iioaioeeaeueiuo
iieoiaoaeae i?e ieieiaeueiuo cao?aoao. [? – no?. 187.].
Ecaioiaeaiea ?aeeaiiuo i?iaeoeoia.
Ia?yaeo n auai?ii n?aaenoa ?ani?ino?aiaiey ?aeeaiu e ?ac?aaioeie
a?aoeeia eo eniieueciaaiey a caaea/e ?aeeaiiiai aaaionoaa aoiaeeo
nicaeaiea ?aeeaiiiai ia?auaiey eee oaenoa. I?eioeei iaienaiey ?aeeaiiiai
ia?auaiey aeieaeai auoue neiioeaio?e?iaai ia iniiaiie ?aeeaiiie oaia. [?
– no?. 187.].
Ioeaiea e auai? aa?eaioia ia?auaiey. ?aeeaiiaeaoaeth iaiaoiaeeii
i?iaanoe ioeaieo aiciiaeiuo ia?auaiee. Oaaaeo i?aaeeiaeee ioeaieaaoue
ia?auaiey ia iniiaa eo aeaeaoaeueiinoe, eneeth/eoaeueiinoe e
i?aaaeiiiaeiaiinoe. Ia?auaiea aeieaeii, i?aaeaea anaai, niiaueoue aai
iieoiaoaeth ia/oi aeaeaoaeueiia eee eioa?aniia i oiaa?a. E?iia oiai, iii
aeieaeii niiaueoue aio /oi-oi eneeth/eoaeueiia eee iniaaiiia, ia
i?enouaa inoaeueiui ia?eai a aeaiiie oiaa?iie eaoaai?ee. E, iaeiiaoe,
ia?auaiea aeieaeii auoue i?aaaeiiiaeiaiui eee aeieacoaiui.
Eniieiaiea ia?auaiey. Noaiaiue aicaeaenoaey ia?auaiey caaeneo ia oieueei
io oiai, /oi neacaii, ii e eae eiaiii yoi neacaii. Eniieiaiea iiaeao
eiaoue ?aoathuaa cia/aiea, eiaaea ?a/ue eae?o i oaeeo aanueia neiaeiuo
oiaa?ao, eae iithuea n?aaenoaa, neaa?aou, eioa e ieai. ?aeeaiiaeaoaeth
ioaeii iiaeaoue nai? ia?auaiea oaeei ia?acii, /oiau iii i?eaeaeei
aieiaiea e eioa?an oeaeaaie aoaeeoi?ee.
A noeeaaii ioiioaiee ethaia ia?auaiea iiaeao auoue eniieiaii a ?aciuo
aa?eaioao.
Ca?eniaea n iaoo?u. I?aaenoaaeaiea iaeiiai eee ianeieueeeo ia?niiaaeae,
eniieuecothueo oiaa? a i?eau/iie ianoaiiaea.
Aeoeaioe?iaaiea ia?aca aeecie. Aeaeaaony oii? ia oi, eae oiaa?
aienuaaaony a ii?aaeae?iiue ia?ac aeecie.
Nicaeaiea oaioaceeiie ianoaiiaee. Aie?oa oiaa?a e eaai eniieueciaaiey
nicaea?ony iaeee i?aie oaioacee.
Nicaeaiea iano?iaiey eee ia?aca. Aie?oa oiaa?a nicaea?ony i?iaoaeaeaaiia
ei iano?iaiea eee ia?ac, neaaeai, e?aniou, ethaae eee aaciyoaaeiinoe. Ia
aeaeatho ieeaeeo ooaa?aeaeaiea a iieueco oiaa?a, e?iia einaaiii
aiooaaiuo.
Ithceee. Iieac iaeiiai eee ianeieueeeo eeoe eee ?eniaaiiuo ia?niiaaeae,
iithueo ianith i oiaa?a.
Eniieueciaaiea neiaiee/aneiai ia?niiaaea. Nicaeaiea ia?niiaaea,
ieeoeaoai?ythuaai niaie oiaa?.
Aeoeaio ia oaoie/aneii e i?ioanneiiaeueiii iiuoa. Aeaiiino?aoeey
oaoie/aneiai e i?ioanneiiaeueiiai iiuoa oe?iu a i?iecaiaenoaa
eiie?aoiiai oiaa?a.
Eniieueciaaiea aeaiiuo iao/iiai oa?aeoa?a. I?eaiaeyony iao/iua aeaiiua.
Eniieueciaaiea naeaeaoaeuenoa a iieueco oiaa?a. ?aeeaia i?aaenoaaeyao
caneoaeeaathuee iieiiai aeiaa?ey eee aucuaathuee neiiaoeth enoi/iee
eioi?iaoeee, eioi?ue iaeia?eoaeueii iocuaaaony i oiaa?a. [ ? – no?.
93-94.].
Ioeaiea yooaeoeaiinoe ?E.
Ethaay aeayoaeueiinoue aeieaeia eiio?iee?iaaoueny, i?iaa?youeny e
ei??aeoe?iaaoueny.” Oai aieaa ?aeeaiiay eaiiaiey. Anee au aaaeaoa
?aeeaiioth eaiiaieth e ieeae ia ioneaaeeaaaoa aa ?acoeueoaou, oi iiaeaoa
n/eoaoue, /oi yoi ia eaiiaiey. Naiue i?inoie eiio?ieue – aaoe
niaoeeaeenou, ioaa/athuea ia oaeaoiiiua caiiee eee i?eieiathuea
eeeaioia, aeieaeiu iaiaayc/eai auyniyoue ioeoaea, ec eaeie e aaea
iioaeeeiaaiiie ?aeeaiu ociaaaee i aan, aaoai oiaa?a eee oneoaa.
Auyniyoue a oaeeo aanaaeao, eae eeeaio onaiee, iiiye eioi?iaoeeth. Yoe
aeaiiua aeieaeiu nenoaiaoece?iaaoueny e a eiioea iaaeaee, ianyoea
iaiauaoueny. Yoi iieaaeao, ianeieueei yooaeoeaii ?aaioaao oi eee eiia
ecaeaiea, ianeieueei oi/ii au ninoaaeee ?aeeaiiue oaeno. Ii! Iiiieoa,
/oi iaeuecy n?aaieaaoue ?aeeaiii-eioi?iaoeeiiiua, oai aieaa aanieaoii e
a eaaeaeue ii/oiaue yuee ?aneeaaeuaaaiua, aacaou n ea/anoaaiiie,
iauaiieeoe/aneie eee aeaeiaie i?annie. E ?aeeaiiui ecaeaieyi
ia?auathony, eiaaea /oi-oi euoo, a eiaaea iaoiaeyo, n?aco caiiyo eee
i?eoiaeyo. ?aeeaia a iauaiieeoe/aneie eee aeaeiaie aacaoa eee aeo?iaea
/aua canoaaeyao caaeoiaoueny .i?eaeaeaao aieiaiea, ii ?acoeueoao iiaeao
i?iyaeoueny ia n?aco. *anoi iaaethaeaaony oaeay ea?oeia. Eaeao ?aeeaia a
ianeieueeeo NIE, naiue aunieee yooaeo aeatho ?aeeaiiua ecaeaiey, ii ii
oneeeaaaony a oi a?aiy, eiaaea aaoa ?aeeaia iiyaeyaony a ia ?aeeaiiuo
aacaoao e aeo?iaeao,
Iinoa?aeoanue, /oiau aaoe yenia?ou auyniyee e caiineee a eiiiuethoa? ana
aii?inu, eioi?ua caaeatho ii aaoae ?aeeaia. Aiciiaeii, /oi-oi a iae
noi?ioee?iaaii iaoi/ii. Iiaeoiaeoa iaae aii?inaie e eni?aaueoa aaoo
?aeeaio. Iinoa?aeoanue iaeaaeeoue eiio?ieue oaeei ia?acii, /oiau iiaeii
auei au iiaen/eoaoue ia oieueei, neieueei ethaeae caiiyo eee i?eoiaeyo,
a neieueei e ii eaeie ?aeeaia ?aaeueii i?eia?aoatho!
?aeeaiiay eaiiaiey aeieaeia eiaoue ia?aoioth naycue, eioi?ay
aiaeece?oaony, n?aaieaaaony e i?eaiaeeo e auaiaeai.
I?ae?aniui n?aaenoaii eiio?iey ca yooaeoeaiinoueth ?aeeaiiie eaiiaiee
yaeyaony ii?in ethaeae, ninoaaeythueo aoaeeoi?eth oiai eee eiiai
ecaeaiey. Iau/ii ia Caiaaea yoi ii?o/aaony niaoeeaeueiui
nioeeieiae/aneei oe?iai. Iiaeii caeacaoue oaeoth oneoao e o ian, ii iiuo
iieacuaaao, /oi oeaiu ca iaa aeiaieueii auniee, e oaeea caeacu aeaeatho
oieueei e?oiiua eiiiaiee. Ai?acaei i?iua, iai?eia?, ii?ineoue ethaeae o
eeinea, i?iaeathuaai aacaou eee aeo?iaeu. Anee au ?aciauaaoa ?aeeaio,
iai?eia?, a aacaoa «Iineianeee eiiniiieaoe», oi ii?ineoa iieoiathueo aa
e ociaeoa, neuoaee ee iie i aaoai oiaa?a. Anee i?ioeaioia 20 ioaaoyo
iieiaeeoaeueii, oi yoi i/aiue aunieee ?acoeueoao. Anee iaiaa 10, oi
n?aaeiee. Iaiaa 5 – i/aiue n?aaeiee. Naiia ieioia, anee i aaoai oiaa?a
ec ii?ioaiiuo ia neuoae ieeoi. Cia/eo, aaoa ?aeeaia ioaeaeaaony a
na?ueaciie ei??aeoeee. Ii o/oeoa, /oi aeey iieo/aiey aieaa-iaiaa
iauaeoeaiuo ?acoeueoaoia ioaeii ii?ineoue ia iaiaa 100 /aeiaae, eo/oa a
?aciuo ?aeiiao. Iiiaea iiaeioo iea/aie e neaaeoo, aea ca/ai yoi ioaeii.
Ii oio, eoi oioue ?ac oae i?iaa?ye yooaeoeaiinoue naiae ?aeeaiu e iinea
ei??aeoe?iaae aa, neaaeao aai, ianeieueei aic?anoaao aa ioaea/a.
Iaeii iaeaiueeia caia/aiea i oao, eoi a aaoae oe?ia ioaa/aao ia
oaeaoiiiua caiiee. Ia?aoeoa aieiaiea, /oiau yoi auee ainieoaiiua e
aeia?iaeaeaoaeueiua ethaee. Eiiaaea ia?i/ea a?oauo eeoe, neaeyueo o
oaeaoiia, iiaeao caei?iai iiaeii?oeoue ?acoeueoaou aeaaea i/aiue
a?aiioii iino?iaiiie ?aeeaiiie eaiiaiee.
I?eia? ?aeeaiiie eaiiaiee
?aeeaiiay eaiiaiey
aeey oo?enoe/aneie oe?iu «Aeeoi?ey»,
ii auaiaeo ia ?uiie iiaiai oo?enoe/aneiai i?iaeoeoa
«Iieiae?aeiue oo? ia Eei?»
1. Aiaeec neooaoeee.
Oo?oe?ia «Aeeoi?ey» auoiaeeo ia ?uiie n iiaui oo?i?iaeoeoii
«Iieiae?aeiue oo? ia Eei?».
Ia aeaiiii yoaia ia e?eooneii ?uiea oo?oneoa nouanoaoao aeinoaoi/ii
ae?noeay eiieo?aioiay neooaoeey. Noi?ie?iaaeenue oo?oe?iu-eeaea?u
(Aiaen-AeA, E?eoone-Oo?eno, Eioo?eno, ?aiyn, O?ainay?i-Oo?, Niooiee,
Aaeeae-Oo?, A?aiae-Ioaeue-Oo?n e ae?.), o eioi?uo oaea ia?aaioaiu
aeinoaoi/ii onoie/eaua nayce n eiino?aiiuie ia?oi??aie, e?iia oiai o ieo
oaea noi?ie?iaaeny eaeie-oi eieaeae, iie ecaanoiu e iaeaaeatho aiaaoui
iiuoii ?aaiou. Ii eo oo?u a iniiaiii oieaa?naeueiu (iooaoanoaea a a?oiia
oo?enoia aac niaoeeaeecaoeee e oaiaoeee), eeai oii-oo?u. O.a. iiaeii
neacaoue, /oi i?aaeeiaeaiey niaoeeaeece?iaaiiuo oo?ia, a /anoiinoe
oaeeo, eae i?aaeeaaaao iao ?aeeaiiaeaoaeue (iieiae?aeiuo) iiea au? ia
auei. Iiyoiio iu aeoiaai, /oi i?e i?aaeeueiii iiceoeeiie?iaaiee iao
?aeeaiiaeaoaeue niiaeao i?eaea/ue aieiaiea iioaioeeaeueiuo eeeaioia.
E?iia oiai, iineieueeo oo?u iieiae?aeiua, oi iie ?ann/eoaiu aeaaiui
ia?acii ia oi, /oi iio?aaeoaeyie eo aoaeao iieiae?aeue. Oa
oieaa?naeueiua e aeaeiaua oo?u, eioi?ua i?aaeeaaathony nae/an ia
e?eooneii ?uiea yaeythony aeinoaoi/ii aei?iaeie, iioiio /oi
iio?aaeoaeyie eo yaeythony n?aaieoaeueii aiaaoua ethaee. Aiaaoua ethaee
auaeaeaatho aeinoaoi/ii noi?ie?iaaaoeany e o?aaiaaoaeueiua oneiaey aeey
iooaoanoaey. Aeey ieo aaaeii, /oiau ai a?aiy iooaoanoaey iie aeeee a
i/aiue eiioi?oiuo oneiaeyo, ia eniuouaaee ie a /?i ioaeaeu e /oanoaiaaee
i/aiue ea/anoaaiiia iinoiyiiia ianeoaeeaaiea e aieiaiea e naaa. An? yoi
oaaee/eaaao noieiinoue oo?ia. Aeey iieiae?aee aea, ia iao acaeyae, an?
yoi ia oae aaaeii. Iiyoiio aeey iieiae?aeiiai oo?a iiaeii naeaeaoue
aeaoaaea aeeeue?, aeaoaaea ianeoaeeaaiea e ae?. *oi a ?acoeueoaoa
iicaieeo nieceoue noieiinoue oo?a, e, oai naiui, oaaee/eoue eiee/anoai
iioaioeeaeueiuo eeeaioia.
Au? caeanue aaaeii caiaoeoue, /oi aeey oo?enoe/aneie io?anee i/aiue
aaaeioth ?ieue ea?aao naciiiue oaeoi?. E eae ?ac nae/an aeey iaoaai
?aeeaiiaeaoaey ii ea?aao iieiaeeoaeueioth ?ieue. O.a. iiaeaaeythuaa
aieueoeinoai iaoeo iioaioeeaeueiuo eeeaioia – yoi nooaeaiou e o/aueany
noa?oeo eeannia. A iiaoaoue a iooaoanoaea iie iiaoo iiaoaoue oieueei ia
eaieeoeao. Oeieu e AOCu caeai/eaatho o/?ao a iniiaiii a na?aaeeia, a
eiioea ethiy. Iu n/eoaai, /oi eae ?ac e yoiio n?ieo oeaeaniia?acii
i?eaycaoue ia/aei ?aeeaiiie eaiiaiee.
2. Iinoaiiaea oeaeae ?aeeaiu.
O.e. iao ?aeeaiiaeaoaeue oieueei auoiaeeo ia ?uiie n iiaui i?iaeoeoii,
oi oeaee aai ?aeeaiu aeieaeiu niaiauaoue a naaa oi?ie?iaaiea
aeaaii?eyoiiai ia?aca oe?iu (o.e. aeey oo?oe?iu yoi i/aiue aaaeii), e
eioi?ie?iaaiea iioaioeeaeueiuo eeeaioia ia iniaaiiinoyo e i?aeiouanoaao
iaoaai i?iaeoeoa, a oaeaea ?aeeaia aeieaeia auaeaeyoue ian n?aaee
eiieo?aioia e i?eaeaeaoue aieiaiea.
Oeaee:
Oi?ie?iaaiea aeaaii?eyoiiai ia?aca oe?iu.
?ani?ino?aiaiea eioi?iaoeee i iieiae?aeiii oo?a.
Nicaeaiea eieaeaea iieiae?aeiiai oo?a.
Iiauoaiea aai ecaanoiinoe aei 50 % n?aaee iieiae?aee io 15 aei 25 eao.
Eneeth/aiea oiai, /oi iaoaao ?aaeecaoeee oo?ia – i?aaeoaaaeaeaiey i
ieioii ea/anoaa e o.ae.
3. ?aeeaiiay no?aoaaey.
3.1. Eiioeaioeey i?iaeoeoa.
Iieiae?aeiue oo? ia Eei? – aeaoaaea i?aaeeaaaaiuo ia aeaiiii yoaia ia
e?eooneii ?uiea oo?oneoa oieaa?naeueiuo e oii-oo?ia a neeo oiai, /oi
oneiaey i?iaeeaaiey e o?iaaiue ianeoaeeaaiey a i?i oi?iuaiu.
Iieiae?aeiue oo? i?eaioe?iaai ia eioa?anu iieiae?aee. A i?i
i?aaeoniio?aii:
Aania?anaaei/iue ia?ae?o ooaea ia?aoii ia naiie?oa
E?eoone-Iineaa-Ieeiney;
10 aeiae i?iaeeaaiey a o??oca?caei/iie ainoeieoea;
Iyoe?aciaia ieoaiea;
Caiyoea ?acee/iuie aeaeaie nii?oa: aeiaena?oeia, ia?a ieaia?eci, i?uaeee
n ia?aothoii, eaoaiea ia aiaeiuo euaeao, eaoaiea ia aiaeiii iioioeeeea,
na?oeia, iu?yiea n aeaaeaiaii, iooaoanoaea a ai?u ia ai?iuo aaeineiaaeao
e ae?.
Iiacaeea ia oaieioiaea a Aaeiao;
Iiacaeea ia oaieioiaea a Ec?aeeue;
Iinauaiea ii/iuo eeoaia, aa?ia, aeeneioae;
e ae?.
Oeaia oo?a i?eia?ii 600-700 $.
3.2. Oeaeaaua aoaeeoi?ee.
Oeaeaaua aoaeeoi?ee iaoaai ?aeeaiiaeaoaey – yoi ?aaioathuay iieiae?aeue,
nooaeaiou, o/aueany noa?oeo eeannia e eo ?iaeeoaee ni n?aaeiei
aeinoaoeii e auoa n?aaeiaai. A oaeiauo o ian ieiei 10 % io iauaai
ianaeaiey E?eoonea, o.a. 60000 /ae. A i?ioeua aiaeu iooaoanoaea
niaa?oeei ieiei 10000 /aeiaae, o.a. 1 % io iauaai eiee/anoaa
iioaioeeaeueiuo eeeaioia. Oaeei ia?acii anee nio?aieoueny yoa aea
i?iii?oeey, oi i?eaeeceoaeueii iu iiaeai ?ann/eouaaoue ia 6000 /aeiaae a
iuiaoiai naciia. Ec ieo iiae iao aic?anoiie oeaic iiaeoiaeeo i?eia?ii
1000 /aeiaae.
3.3. NIE
Aeey aeinoeaeaiey iaeaieueoae yooaeoeaiinoe io ?aeeaiiie eaiiaiee iu
n/eoaai, /oi a aeaiiie neooaoeee oeaeaniia?acii eniieueciaaoue ?acee/iua
NIE, ii eaeea-oi a aieueoae noaiaie, eaeea-oi – a iaiueoae (ii ?aeoeiaai
e oaiaoeea).
3.3.1. O?aaeeoeeiiiua.
Oaeaaeaeaiea.
A) AN Aaeeae OA: 6 eaiae – IOA, 7 eaiae – OIO, 9 eaiae – OA6.
Ana yoe o?e eaiaea yaeythony i/aiue iiioey?iuie n?aaee iaoae oeaeaaie
aoaeeoi?ee. Iiyoiio iu n/eoaai, /oi ia ieo iaycaoaeueii ioaeii
?acianoeoue ?aeeaio a aeaea i?ieaoa aeaeai?ieeea e aaaouae no?iee.
I?ieao aeaeai?ieeea aoaeao niinianoaiaaoue eae oi?ie?iaaieth
aeaaii?eyoiiai ia?aca oe?iu e eieaeaea i?iaeoeoa, oae e eioi?ie?iaaieth
iioaioeeaeueiuo eeeaioia i iieiae?aeiii oo?a, aaaouay no?iea aoaeao
eioi?ie?iaaoue iioaioeeaeueiuo eeeaioia i niaea?aeaiee, iniaaiiinoyo,
i?aeiouanoaao, oeaiao i?iaeoeoa e ?aeaeceoao oe?iu.
A) I?O
Yoi i/aiue iiioey?iue eaiae n?aaee oeaeaaie aoaeeoi?ee iaoaai
?aeeaiiaeaoaey (e ia oieueei). Yoi oeaio?aeueiue ?inneeneee eaiae e ia
i?i ?aciauatho ?aeeaio ii/oe ana iauaiaoeeiiaeueiua ?aeeaiiaeaoaee. E
eiia/ii yoi i/aiue aei?iai. Ii I?O aea?o yoe?iia a?aiy aeey ?aciauaiey
ia i?i e ?aaeiiaeueiie ?aeeaiu. Yeneethceaiuie i?aaaie ia ?aciauaiea
?aaeiiaeueiie ?aeeaiu ia I?O a E?eoonea iaeaaeaao ?EO Neiaiaea. A yoi,
ioaaae?iiia aeey ?aaeiiaeueiie ?aeeaiu a?aiy ?aciauaiea ?aeeaiu ia I?O
iaiiiai aeaoaaea. A yoi a?aiy e iaoaio ?aeeaiiaeaoaeth oeaeaniia?acii
?acianoeoue naith ?aeeaio ia I?O.
A) EAO?E.
Aiiaua yoi eiina?aaoeaiue eaiae. Ii oai anoue e iieiae?aeiua i?ia?aiiu,
eioi?ua eiatho aunieee ?aeoeia n?aaee iieiae?aee. Ia yoii eaiaea iiaeii
?acianoeoue ?aeeaio ai a?aiy, aeeceia e a?aiaie iieaca yoeo i?ia?aii.
A) AENO
Iiioey?iue eaiae a E?eoonea, a oii /enea e aeey oeaeaaie aoaeeoi?ee
iaoaai ?aeeaiiaeaoaey. Iiyoiio e ia AENOA noieo ?acianoeoue ?aeeaio
Iieiae?aeiiai oo?a.
?aaeei.
A) FM-o?aiceo: Aa?iia + Aaeeae, ?onneia ?aaeei e ?aaeei-Aaoin.
?aeeaiiue i?iaeo FM-o?aiceo – yoi i/aiue oaeiaiia e yooaeoeaiia ?aoaiea.
Yoe o?e ?aaeeinoaioeee aauatho e a FM, e a AM aeeaiaciiao, /oi
cia/eoaeueii ?anoe?yao ioaao oeaeaaie aoaeeoi?ee (oeiu
?aaeeii?e?iieeia). E?iia oiai yoe ?aaeeinoaioeee eiatho i/aiue aunieee
?aeoeia e i/aiue iiioey?iu o ianaeaiey E?eoonea.
Caeanue noieo ?aciauaoue neaaeothuea ?aeeaiiua i?iaeoeou: iauyaeaiey.
A) Eioa-?aaeei, Aieia Aaeeaea.
Yoe ?aaeeinoaioeee aauatho oieueei a AI aeeaiaciia, ii oai ia iaiaa
eiatho i/aiue oe?ieoth aoaeeoi?eth neooaoaeae, e cia/eoaeueiay /anoue eo
– iieiae?aeue. Iiyoiio ia yoeo ?aaeeinoaioeeyo oaeaea noieo ?acianoeoue
?aeeaio.
I?anna
A) Aacaoa: Eaiae 007.
Yoi ?aaeiiaeueiia ecaeaiea eiaao nae/an naiue aieueoie oe?aae. Iiyoiio a
iae iaycaoaeueiie noieo ?acianoeoue ?aeeaio iaoaai ?aeeaiiaeaoaey.
?aeeaiiua i?iaeoeou: /??ii-aaeue eieaeaeaaue iiaeoeue, a oaeaea no?i/iay
?aeeaia a oaiaoe/aneii ?acaeaea.
A) Aacaou: NI-iiia? 1, *I-Naaaeay, AeO ia Aaeeaea – i?eeiaeaiea «ss –
iieiaeie», Eiiniiieueneay i?aaaea – Aaeeaeueneia i?eeiaeaiea.
Iu n/eoaai, /oi yoi iaeaieaa iiioey?iua n?aaee oeaeaaie aoaeeoi?ee
ecaeaiey, e eiaiii a ieo noieo ?acianoeoue ?aeeaio.
Iauyaeaiey.
?ani?ino?aieoue iaia/aoaiiua ia eenoao oi?iaoa A4 iauyaeaiey ii oeieai e
AOCai aeeaea e eiioeo o/aaiiai aiaea, a oaeaea yoe iauyaeaiey iiaeii
?aneeaeoue e a ae?oaeo ianoao, aaea iie aoaeoo iiiaaeaoueny ia aeaca
iioaioeeaeueiui eeeaioai (inoaiiaee, iaaa?aaeiay, aicea ii/iuo eeoaia e
ae?.)
Ia?oaeiay ?aeeaia.
Aunoaaeyoue ?aeeaiiua noaiaeu aicea eaoieo eaoa ia aa?oiae e ieaeiae
iaaa?aaeiie.
Internet.
Nicaeaoue naie Web-naeo a Internet.
3.3.2. ?aeeaiiua aeoeee.
Oaeaia?aaea/a i?i Eei? e i?i oo?u e oe?io iaoaai ?aeeaiiaeaoaey. Iieac
ia EAO?E.
Noaouee i?i Eei? e i?i oo?u e oe?io iaoaai ?aeeaiiaeaoaey. ?aciauaiea a
auoaia?a/eneaiiuo aacaoao.
O/anoea a ea/anoaa niiini?a a eaeii-ieaoaeue ia?ii?eyoee, iai?eia? IENN
Eaoi – 99 a eaeii-ieaoaeue ii/iii eeoaa, e iaeei ec i?ecia – ioo?aea
iieiae?aeiiai oo?a ia Eei?.
3.3.3. Yoaiu ?aeeaiiie eaiiaiee.
Iu n/eoaai, /oi ia/aei aeaiiie ?E ioaeii i?eaycaoue e ia/aeo oeieueiuo e
nooaeai/aneeo eaieeoe e i?iaanoe a? a aeaa yoaia:
1 yoai – ia/eiay n na?aaeeiu ethiy (eiiaoe yecaiaiia a oeieao e nannee a
AOCao), ii ienoiaeyuae aei eiioea ethey.
2 yoai – iiaue ianneaiue ?aeeaiiue oaea? (i?eia?ii n oaeie aea neeie,
eae e a na?aaeeia ethiy) a ia/aea aaaonoa (caeii/aony anooieoaeueiua
yecaiaiu ai iiiaeo AOCao, e e?iia oiai, ianooiaao aa?oaoiue nacii) ii
ienoiaeyuae aei na?aaeeiu naioya?y.
3.4. ?aeeaiiua niiauaiey.
A) Yeaiaiou niaea?aeaiey (aeaaec e oaeno, no?oeoo?a, a?aoiaioaoeey,
eieaeae).
Aeaaec: niaa?oeoa iooaoanoaea, i eioi?ii Au ia/oaee!
Oaeno:
Aieiaiea!!!
Iieiaeua e e?aneaua!!!
Niaoeeaeueii aeey Aan oo?enoe/aneia aaaionoai «Aeeoi?ey» i?aaeeaaaao
Iieiae?aeiue oo? ia Eei?.
Anaai ca 600 $ Au niiaeaoa oeaeuo 12 aeiae i?iaanoe a iaeiii ec
i?ae?aniaeoeo iano ieaiaou ia ino?iaa Eei?.
Iiaoaa a iieiae?aeiue oo? ia Eei?, Au niiaeaoa ia oieueei i?ae?anii
ioaeioiooue, iicaai?aoue iiae aea?eei Eei?neei nieiuoeii e eneoiaoueny a
eaneiauo o?ieuo aiaeao N?aaeecaiiiai ii?y, ii e eniuoaoue iiaua iuouaiey
aeaaiaea?y oiio, /oi aai aoaeao i?aaeinoaaeaia aiciiaeiinoue iieaoaoueny
ia aiaeiuo euaeao, iiiu?youe n aeaaeaiaii, iii?iaiaaoue naay a
aeiaena?oeiaa, ia?aieaia?ecia e iiiaii, iiiaii ae?oaii. Niaoeeaeueii
aeey Aan ?ac?aaioaiu eioa?aniaeoea yeneo?nee n o/?oii eioa?ania
iieiae?aee, a oaeaea i?aaeoniio?aiu iinauaiey ii/iuo eeoaia, aa?ia,
aeeneioae e o.i.
Niaa?oeoa iooaoanoaea, i eioi?ii au ia/oaee
n oo?aaaionoaii «Aeeoi?ey».
No?oeoo?a: A yoii oaenoa eeanne/aneay no?oeoo?a: I?eaea/aiea aieiaiey
(Aieiaiea !!!), ia?auaiea (Iieiaeua e e?aneaua !), eioi?iaoeey i
i?iaeoeoa (i oeaia, aeeeoaeueiinoe, niaea?aeaiee, iniaaiiinoyo,
i?aeiouanoaao), caeeth/eoaeueiia iiaeaeaiea (Aeaaec) e ?aeaeceou oe?iu.
A?aoiaioaoeey: A ia?auaiee «Iieiaeua e e?aneaua!» iu ia?auaainy e iaoae
oeaeaaie aoaeeoi?ee, e?iia oiai, ia iao acaeyae, yoi iai?aeeia?iia
ia?auaiea, eioi?ia ia i?eaueee neuoaoue ethaee, iiyoiio iie ia aeieaeiu
i?iionoeoue aai «ieii ooae» eae /oi-oi i?eau/iia, yoi ia?auaiea,
au?aaeaynue ia?acii, «?aaeao neoo», e iiyoiio i?eaeaeaao aieiaiea
neuoauaai e canoaaeyao inoaiiaeoue aai oiae iuneae ia yoii iauyaeaiee e,
neooaoue aeaeueoa yoi iauyaeaiea, iineieueeo iii i?eaeaeei aieiaiea,
iniuneyy oi, i /?i oai aiai?eony. Oaeaea yoi ia?auaiea iiaeao i?eaea/ue
aieiaiea e iioiio, /oi eaaeaeiio i?eyoii n/eoaoue naay iieiaeui e
e?aneaui, e eiaaea e /aeiaaeo ia?auathony eae e iieiaeiio e e?aneaiio,
aio eioa?anii, /oi aio oioyo i?aaeeiaeeoue a yoie ?iee.
Aeaeaa a oaenoa eae?o eioi?iaoeey i oo?a. Eioi?iaoeey i oeaia e
aeeeoaeueiinoe ai-ia?auo iicaieyao iaoeaeaii ia?aoeoueny e oeaeaaie
aoaeeoi?ee, ai-aoi?uo, iu ia aieiny a? caeanue oeacuaaoue iioiio, /oi,
anee au o ian auee au? eaeea-oi oo?u ii ae?oaei oeaiai e n ae?oaie
aeeeoaeueiinoueth, oi oiaaea iu oa?yee au /anoue iioaioeeaeueiuo
eeeaioia, eioi?ua iiaee au eoieoue o ian oa ae?oaea oo?u. Ii o ian noieo
oeaeue i?iaeaeiooue eiaiii iieiae?aeiue oo?, e iiyoiio a iauyaeaiee iu
aea?i en/a?iuaathuoth eioi?iaoeeth i i?i. Aeaeaa a oaenoa eae?o
eioi?iaoeey i niaea?aeaiee oo?a n iiiuoeie aicaeaenoaey ia yiioeee
/aeiaaea, iioiio /oi oo? – yoi oaeie oiaa?, ?aeeaia eioi?iai aeieaeia
auoue ie ?aoeeiiaeueiie, ie eioi?iaoeeiiiie, a yiioeeiiaeueiie. Yoi
iauyniyaony oai, /oi eiaaea /aeiaae niae?aaony niaa?oeoue iooaoanoaea
(ia aeaeiaia), ii niae?aaony ioaeioiooue, ?anneaaeoueny, ioaea/ueny io
naiaai iinoiyiiiai caiyoey. An? yoi aeinoeaaaony ia yiioeeiiaeueiii
o?iaia. O.a. ioaeuo /aeiaaea oai eo/oa, /ai aieueoa iieiaeeoaeueiuo
yiioeee ii eniuouaaao. E iiyoiio, eiaaea iu oioei iieiaeeoaeueii
yiioeeiiaeueii iiaeeyoue ia /aeiaaea, iu aeieaeiu aicaoaeeoue a i?i
oaeea i?aaenoaaeaiey, annioeeaoeee e ainiiieiaiey, eioi?ua aeinoaaeytho
aio iieiaeeoaeueiua yiioeee. Eaneiaua o?ieua aiaeu, aea?eia nieioea,
caiyoea iai?aeeia?iuie aeaeaie nii?oa – an? yoi, ia iao acaeyae,
aeieaeii eiaoue iieiaeeoaeueiia yiioeeiiaeueiia aicaeaenoaea ia
iieiae?aeue.
Aeaaec oaeaea eiaao yiioeeiiaeueiia aicaeaenoaea, iioiio /oi ii
canoaaeyao aniiiieoue i ia/oao, a ia/ou anaaaea eiatho y?ei au?aaeaiioth
yiioeeiiaeueioth ie?aneo, oai aieaa, /oi yoi ia/ou ia ioaeuoa. Oaeaea
aeaaec ia/eiaaony n aeaaiea a iiaaeeoaeueiii iaeeiiaiee. Ca n/?o yoiai
?aeeaiiiai i?e?ia aeaaec yaeyaony eae au iiaeoaeeeaathuei e i?eiyoeth
?aoaiey, e aeaenoaey, e, iiaeao auoue, aeey eiai-oi ii ieaaeaony
iineaaeiae eaieae aeey oiai, /oiau ?aoeoueny. E?iia oiai aeaiiue aeaaec
iiceoeeiie?oao iaoo oe?io, eae oe?io n eeeaioii?eaioe?iaaiiie iieeoeeie,
eioi?ay caaioeoueny i iio?aaiinoyo eeeaioa e aeaaea o/eouaaao aai ia/ou.
Eieaeae: Anai oaenoii iu iiiuoaeenue noi?ie?iaaoue eieaeae oe?iu, eae
oe?iu n eeeaioii?eaioe?iaaiiie iieeoeeie, eioi?ay caaioeoueny i
auyaeaiee e oaeiaeaoai?aiee iio?aaiinoae eeeaioia, a eieaeae i?iaeoeoa –
iieiae?aeiiai oo?a – eae oo?a, ?ac?aaioaiiiai n o/?oii iineaaeieo
iieiae?aeiuo oaiaeaioeee iiaeu e i?anoeaea.
A) Ooaeiaeanoaaiiua yeaiaiou.
Noaiaeu ia iaaa?aaeiie: ni. I?ee. 1.
?aneeaeaaaiua iauyaeaiey: ni. I?ee. 1.
Noeaia?ee aeaeai?ieeea: Eae?o iieac e?aneauo iano Eei?a, ia?a/eneaiiuo
aeaeia nii?oa, ainoeieoe, ieyaeae n /anoioie niaiu aeaeia i?eia?ii 5
naeoiae e iaeiia?aiaiiia /oaiea auoai?eaaae?iiiai oaenoa.
?aaeei iauyaeaiea: /oaiea auoai?eaaae?iiiai oaenoa.
Aaaouay no?iea: Oei?i/aiiue auoai?eaaae?iiue oaeno (oieueei
i?aaeeiaeaiea oo?a aac eioi?iaoeee i i?i e ?aeaeceou oe?iu).
Iiaeoeue a aacaoo: ni. I?ee. 1.
Oaeaia?aaea/a i Eei?a: ?anneac ia ino?iaa, i ai?iaeao, i ainoeieoeao, i
oo?ao, i ?acaea/aieyo, oanoeaaeyo e o.i.
Noaouey: ia iniiaa oaeaia?aaea/e.
Web-site a Internet: ?aciauaia eioi?iaoeey i oe?ia, i iieiae?aeiii oo?a,
i Eei?a (oioi e oaenou). Oaeaea ioaeii caianoe eioi?iaoeeth i
oo?aaaionoaa «Aeeoi?ey» ai anaaiciiaeiua ae?eoua no?aieoeu,
aecian-ia?ee, ni?aai/ieee (eae a ae?ooaeueiii, oae e a ?aaeueiii ie?a).
4. ?aeeaiiue athaeaeao e iaaeeaieai
N?aaenoai ?aeeaiu ?aeeaiiue i?iaeoeo Aae. ec-ia?aiey Oeaia aae.
ecia?aiey Aeeeoaeueiinoue Eiee/anoai au-oiaeia Noiia Ia?eiae
AN Aaeeae OA i?ieao aeaeai?ieeea nae 64 20 14 17920 20-27 ethiy, 1-7
aaaonoa
AN Aaeeae OA Aaaouay no?iea neiai 39 20 28 21840 20-4 ethey, 1-14 aaa.
I?O i?ieao aeaeai?ieeea nae 20 20 14 5600 20-27 ethiy, 1-7 aaaonoa
I?O Aaaouay no?iea neiai 15 20 28 8400 20-4 ethey, 1-14 aaa.
EAO?E i?ieao aeaeai?ieeea iei. 600 0,3 14 2520 20-27 ethiy, 1-7 aaaonoa
EAO?E Aaaouay no?iea neiai 10 20 28 5600 20-4 ethey, 1-14 aaa.
AENO i?ieao aeaeai?ieeea nae 25 20 14 7000 20-27 ethiy, 1-7 aaaonoa
AENO Aaaouay no?iea neiai 25 20 28 14000 20-4 ethey, 1-14 aaa.
FM-o?aiceo Iauyaeaiea i?ieao 700 5 14 49000 20-27 ethiy, 1-7 aaaonoa
Eioa-?aaeei Iauyaeaiea i?ieao 150 5 14 10500 20-27 ethiy, 1-7 aaaonoa
Aieia Aaeeaea Iauyaeaiea i?ieao 150 5 14 10500 20-27 ethiy, 1-7 aaaonoa
Eaiae 007 ?aciauaiea iiaeoey aeie 127 16 8 16256 20-4 ethey, 1-14 aaa.
NI-?1 ?aciauaiea iiaeoey aeie 155 8 6 7440 20-4 ethey, 1-14 aaa.
*I-Naaaeay ?aciauaiea iiaeoey aeie 190 8 4 6080 20-27 ethiy, 1-7 aaaonoa
Eiiniiieea ?aciauaiea iiaeoey aeie 140 8 4 4480 20-27 ethiy, 1-7 aaaonoa
ss – iieiaeie ?aciauaiea iiaeoey aeie 140 16 6 13440 20-4 ethey, 1-14
aaa.
?aeeaieno ?ac?aaioea ?E oo. 9000 1 1 9000 1-20 iay
?aeeaieno Ecaioiaeaiea iiaeoey oo. 600 1 1 600 1-10 ethiy
?aeeaieno Ecaioiaeaiea aeaeai?ieeea oo. 4500 1 1 4500 1-10 ethiy
?aeeaieno Nicaeaiea naeoa a Internet oo. 500 1 1 500 1-10 ethiy
Eaneaae Ecaioiaeaiea noaiaeia ea. i. 1000 1 3 3000 1-10 ethiy
Eiie-oeaio? Oe?aaee?iaaiea iauyaeaiee oo. 0,1 1000 1 100 20-30 iay
?aeeaieno Oaeaia?aaea/a – nicaeaiea iei. 600 20 1 12000 20-30 iay
EAO?E Oaeaia?aaea/a – iieac iei. 600 20 1 12000 2-3 aaa
?aeeaieno Noaouey – iaienaiea oo. 600 1 1 600 1-10 ethiy
Eaiae 007 Noaouey – ?aciauaiea aeie 97 24 1 2328 2 aaa.
*I-Naaaeay Noaouey – ?aciauaiea aeie 160 24 1 3840 4 aaa.
ss – iieiaeie Noaouey – ?aciauaiea aeie 130 24 1 3120 6 aaa.
Ia?oaeea ?aneeaeea iauyaeaiee oo. 1 250 4 1000 20 ethi, 10 ethe, 1 aaa,
20 aaa
Ia?oaeea Aunoaaeaiea noaiaeia oo. 0 3 80 0 n 20 ethi aei 10 naio.
EOIAI:
253164
Caeeth/aiea
Iniiaiua ooaa?aeaeaiey, /oi ?aeeaia – aaaeiaeoee yeaiaio ia?eaoeiaa,
iniiauaaaony ia oii, /oi noa?a ia?eaoeiaa ioaaouaaao ana noi?iiu
nia?aiaiiie yeiiiieee ?acaeouo no?ai, e i?e yoii ethaie yoai
ia?eaoeiaiaie aeayoaeueiinoe oe?i eiaao i?yioth eee einaaiioth naycue n
eo ?aeeaiiie aeayoaeueiinoueth.
A NOA, iai?eia?, ?anoiaeu ia ia?eaoeia ninoaaeytho 55-60 % io eiia/iie
oeaiu oiaa?a, o.a. aieaa iieiaeiu iaoeeiiaeueiiai i?iaeoeoa – yoi
cao?aou ia ?aeeaio, i?iaeaeaeaiea, o?ainii?oe?iaaiea, oiaeiaeo,
oi?aiaeth.
Oniao ?aeeaiu, eae yeaiaioa ia?eaoeiaiaiai iaai?a a ianoiyuaa a?aiy
iaoneiaeai aeaoiy ianoiyoaeuenoaaie: oeaeaiai?aaeaiiinoueth e
nenoaiaoe/aneei oa?aeoa?ii, a oaeaea a? oaniie naycueth n i?ioeannii
ieaie?iaaiey, ?ac?aaioeie e i?iecaiaenoaii oiaa?a, eco/aieai ni?ina ia
iaai, oeaiiia?aciaaieai, nauoii.
A ?aieao aaeeiie no?aoaaee ia?eaoeiaa ?aeeaia aeoeaii aicaeaenoaoao ia
i?iecaiaenoai, eioi?ia auioneaao e ?aaeecoao oieueei oi, /oi aaconeiaii
iaeae?o nauo. A i?e auoiaea ia ?uiie aaae?o e aeinoeaeaieth eiiia?/aneeo
?acoeueoaoia n o/?oii ni?ina.
A neiaeeaoeony ?uii/iuo oneiaeyo ?aeeaia, eae oaea ioia/aeinue, e?iia
eioi?iaoeaiie ooieoeee, noaea auiieiyoue e eiiioieeaoeaioth, iaania/eaay
«ia?aoioth naycue» i?iecaiaenoaa n ?uieii e iieoiaoaeai ioo?i
iaeneiaeueiiai oi?aaeaiey i?ioeannii aeaeaeaiey oiaa?ia, iiaeeaaeaueo
?aeeaia.
?aeeaio iiaeii ?anniao?eaaoue eae oi?io eiiioieeaoeee, eioi?ay iuoaaony
ia?aaanoe ea/anoai oiaa?ia e oneoa, a oaeaea eaeae, ia ycue ioaeae e
cai?inia iio?aaeoaeae.
Ioee/eoaeueiui i?eciaeii nia?aiaiiie ?aeeaiu eae eiae/aneiai yeaiaioa
nenoaiu ia?eaoeiaa yaeyaony ia i?inoi oi?ie?iaaiea ni?ina, a oi?aaeaiea
ei aioo?e eca?aiiie a?oiiu iio?aaeoaeae. Yoi noaei aiciiaeiui iioiio,
/oi, ai-ia?auo, ?uiie anoue niaieoiiinoue naaiaioia, io?aaeathueo
niaoeeoeeo aeonia e cai?inia iio?aaeoaeae. Aeey oe?i oeaeue ninoieo a
iaeneiaeueiii i?iieeiiaaiee ia aua?aiiua naaiaiou, aianoi oiai, /oiau
?aniueyoue oneeey ii anaio ?uieo. Ai-aoi?uo iiaeii n aeinoaoi/iie
oi/iinoueth ii?aaeaeeoue aa?eaoeee ni?ina, eioi?ua iiaoo auoue iieiaeaiu
a iniiao aeeooa?aioeeaoeee i?iaeoeoa, e niioaaonoaaiii aai ?aeeaiu.
Aeeooa?aioeeaoeey oiaa?ia iaeaa/aao ?aeeaiioth aeayoaeueiinoue e
iiauoaao a? yooaeoeaiinoue. ?acia? i?eauee e noiia n?aaenoa,
iaiaoiaeeiuo ia ?aeeaio, iau/ii caaenyo io noaiaie aeeooa?aioeeaoeee.
Ia niaio eco/aiey ni?ina i?eoei eco/aiea iio?aaiinoae, iieoiaoaeueneeo
iioeaia, eniieueciaaiey aeioiaeia iio?aaeoaeyie. Eae oeacuaae ?. ?eac,
?aeeaia – yoi eneonnoai aiaae?aiey aaeeinoaaiiiai a nai?i ?iaea
iio?aaeoaeueneiai iioeaa a aieiau iaeaieueoaai /enea ethaeae i?e
iaeiaiueoeo cao?aoao. [? – no?. 71-72].
Eoae, ec anaai yoiai noaiiaeony i/aaeaeiui, /oi ?aeeaia yaeyaony i/aiue
aaaeiui eino?oiaioii ia?eaoeiaiaie aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey, e /oi n
iiiiuueth ?aeeaiu i?aaei?eyoea iiaeao ia oieueei aeinoeaaoue naieo
oeaeae a onoie/eaii nauoa i?iaeoeoeee, ii oaeaea ?aoaoue e ae?oaea
ia?eaoeiaiaua caaea/e, iai?eia?, oaeea, eae nai? ia?eaoeiaiaie
eioi?iaoeee (ooieoeey ia?aoiie nayce ?aeeaiu – aiaeec yooaeoeaiinoe
?aeeaiu), ia iniiaa nia?aiiie eioi?iaoeee – oi?ie?iaaiea anni?oeiaioiie
iieeoeee, iieeoeee oeaiiia?aciaaiey, oi?ie?iaaiea eaiaeia nauoa e ae?.
Ii /oiau yooaeoeaiinoue ?aeeaiu auea au? auoa, a? ioaeii ieaie?iaaoue,
o.a. caieiaoueny ?ac?aaioeie ?aeeaiiie eaiiaiee i?aaei?eyoey.
Iinea ninoaaeaiey ieaia ?E ?ac?aaaouaathony ana a? yeaiaiou, i?iaa?yaony
aiciiaeiay yooaeoeaiinoue aua?aiiie oeaee, eaeae. E?iia oiai,
i?iaiaeeony iaiaoiaeeiia ooi/iaiea, eciaiaiea yeaiaioia ?E, a oaeaea
iiaeaiaeyony eoiae eaiiaiee a oeaeii.
I?e iiaeaaaeaiee eoiaia auyaeytho, a eaeie ia?a auea ?aoaia aeaaiay
caaea/a, iinoaaeaiiay ia?aae eaiiaieae, eaeea ia?ii?eyoey e n?aaenoaa
?aeeaiu ieacaee iaeaieueoaa aicaeaenoaea ia iio?aaeoaey, /oi iiiaoaei
oniaoiiio i?iaaaeaieth oao eee eiuo ia?ii?eyoee. Ioaaou ia yoe aii?inu
eiatho aaaeiia cia/aiea i?e ii?aaeaeaiee yooaeoeaiinoe aicaeaenoaey
i?iaaae?iiie eaiiaiee, a oaeaea aeey niaa?oainoaiaaiey ?aaiou ii
i?aaiecaoeee ?E a aoaeouai.
Oiaeia niaethaeaiea n?ieia ioaeeeaoeee, i?aaeeueiia ii?aaeaeaiea a?oii
iioaioeeaeueiuo iieoiaoaeae, ecaeaiee eee ia?aaea/ iicaieytho aeiaeoueny
inouanoaeaiey iinoaaeaiiuo oeaeae a ieieiaeueii ei?ioeea n?iee. Ii i?e
iaeiii oneiaee: ea/anoaaiiii ?aeeaiiii iaoa?eaea – oaenoa, ?ieeea e o.i.
[? – no?. 197-198].
Nienie eniieueciaaiiuo enoi/ieeia.
Ae?ieia E. I. Oai?aoe/aneea iniiau ?aeeaiiiai aeaea: O/aa. Iiniaea. –
E?eoone: E?eoo. oi-o, 1996. – 92 n.
Iaie?aoia O. A., Na??aeia O. E., Oaoo?ei A. A. ?aeeaiiay
aeayoaeueiinoue: O/aaiee aeey nooaeaioia aunoeo e n?aaeieo niaoeeaeueiuo
o/aaiuo caaaaeaiee. – I.: Eioi?iaoeeiiii-aiaae?ai/aneee oeaio?
«Ia?eaoeia», 1998. – 244 n.
Ioiei A. E. Ia?eaoeia, iaiaaeaeiaio e oeaiiia?aciaaiea ia i?aaei?eyoeyo
(a oneiaeyo ?uii/iie yeiiiieee). – I.: Iaaeaeoia?. ioiioaiey, 1993. –
112 n.
Aiae?aaaa I. Ae. Oaoiieiaey aeciana: ia?eaoeia. O/aaiia iiniaea. – I.:
Ecaeaoaeueneay a?oiia EIO?A-I – II?IA, 1997. – 224 n.
Aeaeyi A. ?aeeaia.
Aa?eai Ae. E. Ia?eaoeia aeey anao: Aanaaeu aeey ia/eiathueo. – E.:
?aaeaeoeeiiii-ecaeaoaeueneee oeaio? «Eoeueo-eioi?i-i?ann» niaianoii n
nioeeaeueii-eiiia?/aneie oe?iie «*aeiaae», 1991. – 256 n.
Eioea? O. Iniiau ia?eaoeiaa. – I.: I?ia?ann, 1990, n. 511.
HTTP: //permcnti.ac.ru/ Ia?iue: Reclama1.arj
Ooeei Y.A. Ei/aoeiaa A.E. ?aeeaiiia aeaei. I.: Annioeeaoeey aaoi?ia e
ecaeaoaeae «Oaiaeai». Ecaeaoaeuenoai YEIIN, 1998. – 272 n.
Eo?n eaeoeee ii Yeiiiieea a noa?a oneoa. Eaeoi? – Ao?iaiei O.Ae. (EAYA,
Eaoaae?a yeiiiieee e iaiaaeaeiaioa a noa?a oneoa.).
Eo?n eaeoeee: «?uiie o?oaea e caiyoinoe a noa?a oneoa» Eaeoi? –
Aeaieeaiei I.I. (EAYA, Eaoaae?a yeiiiieee e iaiaaeaeiaioa a noa?a
oneoa).
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Iniiaiua caaea/e i?aaei?eyoey
Oei?aieoueny a nai?i naeoi?a yeiiiieee
?anoe?eoue ia 20 % naith ?uii/ioth aeieth
Noaoue eeaea?ii naiae io?anee
Nio?aieoue ca niaie iieiaeaiea eeaea?a
Auai? oeaeae ?aeeaiiuo ia?auaiee
Canoaaeoue aeaeaoue iieoiee a ia?eiae iauayeiiiie/aneiai niaaea
Oaaee/eoue naith ecaanoiinoue
Caeioa?aniaaoue oo a?oiio eeeaioia, eioi?ay ia yaeyaony iieeiiieeaie
ae?oaeo oe?i
Nicaeaoue eeai oeo/oeoue naie eieaeae
Ono?aiyoue iiiaoe a niaa?oaiee iieoiee
Iiaeaea?aeaoue aeayoaeueiinoue oi?aiaiai ia?niiaea
Auai? oeaeaaie aoaeeoi?ee
Iio?aaeoaee e iaiio?aaeoaee
Eeoea, aeeythuea ia auai? oiaa?ia e oneoa; ?aeiiaiaeothuea oiaa?u;
eeaea?u iauanoaaiiiai iiaiey
Oi?aiaua iin?aaeieee
Auai? iai?aaeaiey e oai ?aeeaiu
I?aaeaa?eoaeueiue ieai ?aeeaiiie eaiiaiee
Ieii/aoaeueiue auai? n?aaenoa eioi?iaoeee e iineoaeae ?aeeaiu
Ninoaaeaiea athaeaeaoa
?ani?aaeaeaiea n?aaenoa ii oeaeyi
Eiioeaioeey ?aeeaiiuo ia?auaiee
I?aaeaa?eoaeueiia eniuoaiea ?aeeaiiuo ia?auaiee
Ieii/aoaeueiay iiaeaioiaea ?aeeaiiuo ia?auaiee
Ieaie?iaaiea ?aeeaiu n o/anoeai n?aaenoa ianniaie eioi?iaoeee
Inouanoaeaiea (ia/aei e ?aca??ouaaiea ?aeeaiiie eaiiaiee)
Eiio?ieue ca yooaeoeaiinoueth ?aeeaiiie eaiiaiee; a? ioeaiea
Ia?aoiia aicaeaenoaea a neo/aa iieiie eee /anoe/iie iayooaeoeaiinoe
Ia?aoiia aicaeaenoaea a neo/aa iieiie eee /anoe/iie iayooaeoeaiinoe
Ia?aoiay naycue a neo/aa iayooaeoeaiinoe n?aaenoa, aicaeaenoaothueo ia
iaia/aiioth aoaeeoi?eth
I
Caauaaaiinoue eioi?iaoeee
Eioaineaiinoue ?aeeaie?iaaiey
O
etheue
aaaono
naioya?ue
Eie-ai ?aeeaiiuo iauyaeaiee
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