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Содержание
Введение
1. Теоретические основы построения модуляторов и демодуляторов
2. Микроэлектронные формирователи и преобразователи измерительных
сигналов
2.1. Формирование синусоидальных высокочастотных сигналов с
повышенной стабильностью амплитуды и линейностью характеристики
управления по частоте
2.2. Теоретические основы управляемых автогенераторов
3. Прецизионный амплитудный модулятор
4. Линейный частотный модулятор
5. Цифровой частотно-фазовый демодулятор
Заключение
Список использованной литературы
Введение
В основе проектирования (интегрализации) радиоприемных устройств (РПУ)
на ИС лежат общие принципы проектирования микроэлектронной аппаратуры,
которые приобретают некоторые особенности, связанные со спецификой
приемной аппаратуры.
Отличительными чертами РПУ являются:
аналоговый характер сигнала, его большой динамический диапазон (доли
микровольт – единицы вольт);
широкий частотный диапазон (от постоянного тока – на выходе детектора,
до сотен мегагерц или десятков гигагерц – на выходе);
большое число нерегулярных соединений;
функциональное разнообразие узлов (блоков) при их относительно небольшом
общем числе.
К функциональным блокам (каскадам) предъявляются разнообразные
требования, часто зависящие от типа сигналов. В некоторых узлах должна
быть обеспечена прецизионность изготовления. Часто оказывается
необходимым изменять параметры элементов в процессе регулировки
аппаратуры, что нежелательно при микроэлектронном исполнении.
На цифровых ИС можно реализовать практически любой алгоритм обработки
сигнала, осуществляемый в приемно-усилительных устройствах, включая
элементы оптимального радиоприема.
Преимущества цифровой обработки: неограниченно долго можно хранить
информацию, отсутствие ошибок, параметрических уходов при
функционировании, легкая возможность адаптации (изменение параметров
устройств под влиянием принимаемого сигнала или по команде), высокая
технологичность в производстве, большие перспективы дальнейшей
микроминиатюризации.
1. Теоретические основы построения модуляторов и демодуляторов
Аналоговый перемножитель сигнала (ПС) является универсальным базовым
блоком, выполняющим ряд математических функций: умножение, деление,
возведение в квадрат. В ряде случаев функциональные возможности ПС
реализуются совместно с ОУ.
ПС может применяться в качестве модулятора. Рассмотрим основные принципы
построения модуляторов и демодуляторов.
Балансный модулятор может иметь высокую линейность лишь по одному
(модуляционному) входу. Второй вход (вход несущей) может запитываться
переменным напряжением с постоянной амплитудой, причем уровень несущей
может быть достаточно большим и вырождаться в функцию коммутации SН(t)
(рис. 1,а).
Физически Это означает, что активные элементы модулятора при высоком
уровне входного сигнала превращаются в синхронные ключи, при этом
модулирующий сигнал UM(t) (рис. 1,б) эффективно коммутируется с частотой
несущей SН(t), образуя выходной сигнал в виде (рис. 1,в)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,
(1)
где К – коэффициент пропорциональности.
Рис. 1. Диаграммы, поясняющие работу БМ при воздействии функции
коммутации
Таким образом, при использовании БМ в режиме сильных сигналов один из
сигналов (несущая) представляет собой симметричную прямоугольную волну
единичной амплитуды SН(t) (рис. 1, а) первая гармоника которой
picscalex100010009000003af0000000200170000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c02600240021200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffffb7ffffff00020000170200000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000600017000000fb0200ff0000000000009001000000cc0402001054696d6573204e65
7720526f6d616e2043797200cc86040000002d01000008000000320a10027e0101000000
300010000000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000020002001053796d626f6c00020400
00002d01010004000000f001000008000000320aa00132000100000077000a0000002606
0f000a00ffffffff01000000000010000000fb021000070000000000bc02000000cc0102
022253797374656d00cc040000002d01000004000000f0010100030000000000
является полезной, а другие – нежелательны.
Используя разложение Фурье, несущую SН(t) можно представить в виде суммы
членов бесконечного гармонического ряда с частотами кратными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,
где коэффициенты Фурье вычисляются по формуле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.
Для подавления гармонических составляющих ФНЧ с частотой среза немного
выше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 (рис.
2). В этом случае для первой гармоники выходного напряжения (1) можно
записать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,
(2)
где К – коэффициент, учитывающий произведение масштабных коэффициентов
передачи ПС и ФНЧ на частоте первой гармонической; UН – напряжение
колебания ограниченной несущей.
Рис. 2. Схема БМ
Если на модулирующий вход подать сигнал с постоянной составляющей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,
(3)
где U0 – напряжение постоянной составляющей; UM и
picscalex100010009000003880000000200120000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c02c001c0011200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffffd7ffffff80010000970100000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000200010000000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000020002001053796d626f6c0002
040000002d01000008000000320a800132000100000057000a00000026060f000a00ffff
ffff01000000000010000000fb021000070000000000bc02000000cc0102022253797374
656d00cc040000002d01010004000000f0010000030000000000 – амплитуда и
частота модулирующего напряжения; m=UM/U0, то на выходе ФНЧ БМ в
соответствием с выражением (2) будет получен АМ сигнал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, (4)
где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 – уровень несущей АМ сигнала.
При использовании БМ в режиме фазового детектирования (рис. 3) на входы
ПС подают напряжения одной и той же частоты, но со сдвигом фаз на угол
picscalex100010009000003880000000200120000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c02c00180011200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffff3700000040010000f70100000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000500010000000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000020002001053796d626f6c0002
040000002d01000008000000320a20013200010000006a000a00000026060f000a00ffff
ffff01000000000010000000fb021000070000000000bc02000000cc0102022253797374
656d00cc040000002d01010004000000f0010000030000000000. Пусть один из
сигналов будет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, а второй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, тогда на выходе БМ получим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. (5)
Рис. 3. Фазовый демодулятор
Если с помощью ФНЧ отфильтровать составляющую с удвоенной частотой, то
на выходе ФД получим постоянное напряжение, пропорциональное косинусу
угла
picscalex100010009000003880000000200120000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c02c00180011200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffff3700000040010000f70100000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000500010000000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000020002001053796d626f6c0002
040000002d01000008000000320a20013200010000006a000a00000026060f000a00ffff
ffff01000000000010000000fb021000070000000000bc02000000cc0102022253797374
656d00cc040000002d01010004000000f0010000030000000000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.
(6)
В случае необходимости с помощью полосового фильтра, как следует из
выражения (5), можно получить удвоение частоты.
Возможность определения с помощью БМ фазового сдвига между напряжениями
может быть использована для построения частотных демодуляторов ЧМ
сигнала. Структурная схема частотного демодулятора (рис.4) включает
широкополосный ограничитель 1, устраняющий возможное изменение амплитуды
ЧМ сигнала и формирующий высокий уровень сигнала коммутации S1(t),
полосовой фазосдвигающий фильтр 2, настроенный на частоту несущей
(среднюю частоту) ЧМ сигнала, а также БМ 3 и ФНЧ 4.
Рис. 4. Частотный демодулятор
Полосовой фильтр (рис. 5) формирует второй сигнал S2(t), управляющий БМ.
При высокой добротности фильтра фазовый сдвиг
picscalex100010009000003880000000200120000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c02c00180011200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffff3700000040010000f70100000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000500010000000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000020002001053796d626f6c0002
040000002d01000008000000320a20013200010000006a000a00000026060f000a00ffff
ffff01000000000010000000fb021000070000000000bc02000000cc0102022253797374
656d00cc040000002d01010004000000f0010000030000000000, вызываемый
девиацией частоты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 вблизи несущей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, может
быть записан в следующем виде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,
где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.
Рис. 5. Фазосдвигающий фильтр
Отфильтрованный ФНЧ сигнал оказывается пропорциональным девиации частоты
входного сигнала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,
где К – коэффициент преобразования частотного демодулятора; UЧМ –
входное напряжение ЧМ сигнала.
Реализация ПС в виде амплитудного модулятора на основе операционных
усилителей и изменении проводимости полевого транзистора показана на
рис.6. Здесь в качестве управляемого параметра используется проводимость
канала ПТ, характеристика которой в режиме управляемого сопротивления
аппроксимируется выражением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. (7)
Рис. 6. Амплитудный модулятор на основе ПТ и ОУ
Пусть на один вход (в цепь стока ПТ) подается относительно
высокочастотный (несущий) сигнал UC1(t), а на второй вход (в цепь
затвора ПТ) посредством инвертирующего сумматора на ОУ2 с единичным
коэффициентом передачи – низкочастотный (модулирующий) UC2(t) и
постоянная составляющая напряжения U0
picscalex1000100090000032f0100000200170000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c026002600f1200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffffb7ffffff200f0000170200000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000600017000000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000cc0402001054696d6573204e65
7720526f6d616e2043797200cc81040000002d01000008000000320aa001970e01000000
740009000000320aa001f60903000000636f730008000000320aa001bf06010000005500
08000000320aa0014b0401000000290008000000320aa001b90301000000740008000000
320aa001110301000000280008000000320aa001400001000000550017000000fb0200ff
0000000000009001000000cc0402001054696d6573204e657720526f6d616e2043797200
cc81040000002d01010004000000f001000008000000320a1002df0d0100000030000800
0000320a1002fb0801000000310008000000320a10023908010000006d0008000000320a
1002590201000000310008000000320a1002b60101000000430010000000fb0240fe0000
000000009001000000020002001053796d626f6c0002040000002d01000004000000f001
010008000000320aa001930c01000000770008000000320aa0015105010000003d000a00
000026060f000a00ffffffff01000000000010000000fb021000070000000000bc020000
00cc0102022253797374656d00cc040000002d01010004000000f0010000030000000000
; (8)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;
(9)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, (10)
где Um1, Um2 и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,
picscalex100010009000003880000000200120000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c02c001c0011200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffffd7ffffff80010000970100000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000200010000000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000020002001053796d626f6c0002
040000002d01000008000000320a800132000100000057000a00000026060f000a00ffff
ffff01000000000010000000fb021000070000000000bc02000000cc0102022253797374
656d00cc040000002d01010004000000f0010000030000000000 – амплитуды и
частоты соответственно несущего и модулирующего сигналов.
Принимая во внимание (7)…(10) и учитывая, что между затвором и истоком
ПТ действует напряжение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, для выходного напряжения амплитудного модулятора в соответствии с
формулой
picscalex1000100090000032f0100000200170000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c026002a0111200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffffb7ffffff60110000170200000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000600017000000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000cc0402001054696d6573204e65
7720526f6d616e2043797200cc86040000002d01000008000000320aa001ce1001000000
290008000000320aa001060e01000000550008000000320aa0015e0d0100000028000800
0000320aa001da0a02000000524708000000320aa001390a01000000290008000000320a
a001a60901000000740008000000320aa001fe0801000000280008000000320aa001ce06
01000000550008000000320aa001400001000000550017000000fb0200ff000000000000
9001000000cc0402001054696d6573204e657720526f6d616e2043797200cc8604000000
2d01010004000000f001000008000000320a1002610f02000000c7c808000000320a1002
250801000000430009000000320a10029b0103000000c2dbd50010000000fb0240fe0000
000000009001000000020002001053796d626f6c0002040000002d01000004000000f001
010008000000320aa001c405010000002d0008000000320aa0016c04010000003d000a00
000026060f000a00ffffffff01000000000010000000fb021000070000000000bc020000
00cc0102022253797374656d00cc040000002d01010004000000f0010000030000000000
можно записать
picscalex100010009000003fa0100000300170000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c026005c01c1200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffffb5ffffff801c0000150500000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000200109000000fa02000010000000000000002200040000002d010000050000001402
b0026d0d050000001302b0025312050000001402b002ae15050000001302b002961b1000
0000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000020002001053796d626f6c0002040000002d01
010008000000320ad303cd1b01000000f70008000000320a0703cd1b01000000f7000800
0000320af204cd1b01000000f80008000000320ae801cd1b01000000f60008000000320a
d303a51201000000e70008000000320a0703a51201000000e70008000000320af204a512
01000000e80008000000320ae801a51201000000e60008000000320a20035a1401000000
2b0008000000320a20031f06010000002d0008000000320a2003b804010000003d001700
0000fb0200ff0000000000009001000000cc0402001054696d6573204e657720526f6d61
6e2043797200cc81040000002d01020004000000f001010009000000320af10404190300
0000ced2d10008000000320af104c118010000002e0008000000320af1047f1702000000
c7c808000000320a5702ea1801000000320008000000320a57022b180100000043000900
0000320a5702010f040000004d414b4308000000320a9003410901000000310008000000
320a90039e0801000000430009000000320a9003ba0103000000c2dbd50017000000fb02
40fe0000000000009001000000cc0402001054696d6573204e657720526f6d616e204379
7200cc81040000002d01010004000000f001020008000000320a81040516010000005500
08000000320ae701f11a01000000290008000000320ae7015f1a01000000740008000000
320ae701b71901000000280008000000320ae701b51601000000550008000000320ae701
c71501000000320008000000320a2003541301000000310008000000320a8104770f0100
0000320008000000320ae7017f0d01000000470008000000320a2003d40b010000005200
08000000320a2003330b01000000290008000000320a2003a10a01000000740008000000
320a2003f90901000000280008000000320a2003280701000000550008000000320a2003
40000100000055000a00000026060f000a00ffffffff01000000000010000000fb021000
070000000000bc02000000cc0102022253797374656d00cc040000002d01020004000000
f0010100030000000000 (11)
или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(12)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,
где Um0 и m – амплитуда несущей и глубина модуляции получаемого АМ
колебания;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,
(13)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.
(14)
Для исследования спектрального состава АМ колебаний формулу (12)
целесообразно заменить выражением (4), содержащим всего лищь три
составляющих. Реально спектр (рис. 7) АМ сигнала модулятора помимо трех
основных частот (4) содержит ряд других составляющих, отстоящих от
несущей на величину, кратную частоте
picscalex100010009000003880000000200120000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c02c001c0011200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffffd7ffffff80010000970100000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000200010000000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000020002001053796d626f6c0002
040000002d01000008000000320a800132000100000057000a00000026060f000a00ffff
ffff01000000000010000000fb021000070000000000bc02000000cc0102022253797374
656d00cc040000002d01010004000000f0010000030000000000 модулирующего
сигнала, что связано в основном с нелинейностью характеристики (7) ПТ.
Рис. 7. Спектр выходного сигнала амплитудного модулятора
2. Микроэлектронные формирователи и преобразователи
измерительных сигналов
2.1 Формирование синусоидальных высокочастотных сигналов с
повышенной стабильностью амплитуды и линейностью характеристики
управления по частоте
Наиболее распространенным методом формирования синусоидальных сигналов
на повышенных частотах является метод, основанный на компенсации
активных потерь в резонансном LC-контуре отрицательным сопротивлением,
реализуемым с помощью, например, линейных усилителей с ПОС, КОС,
электронных приборов с падающей вольтамперной характеристикой и т.д. На
относительно низких частотах предпочтение отдается RC-генераторам,
например, на основе моста Вина, так как на этих частотах для
LC-генераторов требуются большие номиналы индуктивностей и емкостей, что
для МЭУ нежелательно.
Получаемые таким или другим способом колебания оказываются недостаточно
стабильными по амплитуде и по частоте, в особенности при их управлении.
При этом характеристики управления, как правило, являются нелинейными,
что определяет целесообразность их линеаризации и стабилизации.
Основополагающим методом решения данной проблемы является разработанный
нами метод линеаризации и термостабилизации характеристик нелинейных
элементов [4,7], изложенный в работах [1,2].
Применительно к управлению формируемых колебаний данный метод
отличается лишь реализацией образцового преобразователя “параметр
напряжение”, который в данном случае должен быть преобразователем
частоты в напряжение (ПЧН) при линеаризации характеристики управления по
частоте и широкополосным амплитудным демодулятором (АД) (выпрямителем)
при стабилизации амплитуды колебаний.
В соответствии с изложенным структурная схема управляемого
автогенератора (рис.8) содержит собственно автогенератор 1, подсистему
стабилизации амплитуды, включающую широкополосный АД 2, ИОН 3, сумматор
4 и сравнивающее устройство 5, а также подсистему линеаризации
характеристики управления по частоте, включающую ПЧН 6, источник 7
управляющего напряжения, сумматор 8 и сравнивающее устройство 9. При
необходимости управляемый автогенератор может быть дополнен генератором
10 модулирующего сигнала, с помощью которого посредством переключателя
11 может быть осуществлена амплитудная модуляция (АМ) (нижнее положение)
или частотная модуляция (ЧМ) (верхнее положение) формируемого сигнала.
Рис. 8. Структурная схема управляемого по частоте и амплитуде
автогенератора
Принцип действия подсистем регулирования основан на сравнении
преобразуемых сигналов, пропорциональных амплитуде и частоте, с опорными
напряжениями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 и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 источников 3 и 7 соответственно с образованием разностных сигналов,
которые после усиления в сравнивающих устройствах 5 и 9 изменяют
состояние автогенератора 1 так, что его амплитуда и частота остаются
неизменными. При изменении управляющего напряжения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 в контуре регулирования частоты и опорного напряжения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 в контуре регулирования амплитуды соответствующим образом
подстраиваются амплитуда и частота колебаний автогенератора.
Одновременно возможно получение ЧМ и АМ колебаний, если к установленным
напряжениям
picscalex100010009000003b20000000200150000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c02600280021200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffffb5ffffff40020000150200000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000600015000000fb0200ff0000000000009001000000000402001054696d6573204e65
7720526f6d616e0000ad040000002d01000008000000320a1002ae010100000030001500
0000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000000402001054696d6573204e657720526f6d61
6e0000ad040000002d01010004000000f001000008000000320aa0014000010000005500
0a00000026060f000a00ffffffff01000000000010000000fb021400090000000000bc02
000000cc0102022253797374656d00cc040000002d01000004000000f001010003000000
0000 и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 добавить с помощью переключателя 11 и сумматоров 4 и 8
соответствующий уровень модулирующего напряжения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 от генератора
10.
В связи с тем что амплитуда регулирующих сигналов МЭУ, как правило, не
превышает
picscalex100010009000003880000000200120000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c02a00180011200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0fffffff5ffffff40010000950100000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000200010000000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000020002001053796d626f6c0002
040000002d01000008000000320a60013b0001000000b1000a00000026060f000a00ffff
ffff01000000000010000000fb021400090000000000bc02000000cc0102022253797374
656d00cc040000002d01010004000000f001000003000000000010 В, в качестве
сравнивающих устройств 5 и 9 подходят стандартные ОУ без обратной связи
или с ООС определенного вида для улучшения динамических свойств
регулирования с возможно большим коэффициентом передачи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 на постоянном токе, так как ошибка в стабилизации соответствующих
параметров тем ниже, чем выше этот коэффициент [2].
2.2. Теоретические основы управляемых автогенераторов
Эквивалентная схема замещения автогенератора (рис. 9) включает
колебательный контур, представленный в виде двух противоположных по
знаку реактивных сопротивлений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 с волновым сопротивлением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,
(15)
эквивалентную активную составляющую проводимости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,
(16)
широкополосный усилитель с комплексным коэффициентом передачи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 и
управляемую полную проводимость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. При этом реактивные составляющие входного сопротивления усилителя
и монтажа схемы скомпенсированы на рабочей (резонансной) частоте
picscalex100010009000003880000000200120000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c028001a0011200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffff3500000060010000b50100000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000300010000000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000020002001053796d626f6c0002
040000002d01000008000000320a200135000100000077000a00000026060f000a00ffff
ffff01000000000010000000fb021400090000000000bc02000000cc0102022253797374
656d00cc040000002d01010004000000f0010000030000000000 соответствующими
реактивностями колебательного контура. Знак “-” перед реактивным
сопротивлением соответствует емкости C, а знак “+” – индуктивности L
колебательного контура. Активные составляющие колебательного контура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 и входа усилителя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 представлены в параллельной схеме замещения. Выходная проводимость
усилителя удовлетворяет условию
picscalex1000100090000031c0100000300170000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c02a002e0091200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffffb7ffffffa0090000570200000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000700009000000fa02000010000000000000002200040000002d010000050000001402
490048000500000013025702480005000000140249005804050000001302570258040500
0000140249003a0705000000130257023a0705000000140249007e090500000013025702
7e0917000000fb0200ff0000000000009001000000cc0402001054696d6573204e657720
526f6d616e2043797200cc81040000002d01010008000000320a3002a308010000003000
09000000320a3002b50103000000c2dbd50017000000fb0240fe00000000000090010000
00cc0402001054696d6573204e657720526f6d616e2043797200cc81040000002d010200
04000000f001010008000000320ac0016c0701000000590008000000320ac0017a000100
0000590010000000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000020002001053796d626f6c0002
040000002d01010004000000f001020008000000320ac001df04020000003e3e0a000000
26060f000a00ffffffff01000000000010000000fb021000070000000000bc02000000cc
0102022253797374656d00cc040000002d01020004000000f0010100030000000000.pic
scalex100010009000003540000000000120000000000050000000902000000000400000
002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500000
00b0200000000050000000c02200220011200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000000
0c0ffffffa5ffffffe0000000c50100000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065000
050000a00000026060f000a00ffffffff010000000000030000000000
(17)
Рис. 9. Эквивалентная схема замещения управляемого генератора
При полной компенсации активных составляющих возникает генерация сигнала
и, следовательно, выполняется баланс активных мощностей в колебательном
контуре [8]:
picscalex1000100090000033a0100000300150000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c02c004e00d1200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffffb6ffffffa00d0000760400000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000e00009000000fa02000010000000000000002200040000002d010000050000001402
900240000500000013029002ef0115000000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000000402
001054696d6573204e657720526f6d616e0000eb040000002d01010008000000320a0003
cd0c01000000300009000000320a0003aa0703000000636f730008000000320a00033905
01000000550008000000320a0003c50301000000490008000000320a5f04700001000000
470008000000320ad5015b0001000000490015000000fb0200ff00000000000090010000
00000402001054696d6573204e657720526f6d616e0000eb040000002d01020004000000
f001010008000000320a7003ae0601000000320008000000320a70038704010000003200
08000000320a0c011d0101000000320008000000320a4502070101000000310010000000
fb0240fe0000000000009001000000020002001053796d626f6c0002040000002d010100
04000000f001020008000000320a00037a0b010000003d0008000000320a0003380a0100
0000710008000000320a00036202010000002b000a00000026060f000a00ffffffff0100
0000000010000000fb021400090000000000bc02000000cc0102022253797374656d00cc
040000002d01020004000000f0010100030000000000,
(18)
где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,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 и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 – модули токов и напряжения, соответствующие комплексным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,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 и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,
представленным на рис. 9;
picscalex100010009000003880000000200120000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c02e00160011200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffffd5ffffff20010000b50100000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000300010000000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000020002001053796d626f6c0002
040000002d01000008000000320a800135000100000071000a00000026060f000a00ffff
ffff01000000000010000000fb021400090000000000bc02000000cc0102022253797374
656d00cc040000002d01010004000000f0010000030000000000 – угол сдвига фаз
между током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 и напряжением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 в цепи ПОС.
Система уравнений, описывающая схему, представленную на (рис.9), и
позволяющая определить величины, входящие в (18), имеет вид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,
picscalex1000100090000039b0200000300150000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c02e004801c1200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffffb0ffffff401c0000900400000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000000109000000fa02000010000000000000002200040000002d010000050000001402
700216010500000013027002850210000000fb02c3fd0701000000009001000000020002
001053796d626f6c0002040000002d01010008000000320ade0253040100000028001000
0000fb02c3fd0701000000009001000000020002001053796d626f6c0002040000002d01
020004000000f001010008000000320ade02fa0701000000290010000000fb02c3fd0701
000000009001000000020002001053796d626f6c0002040000002d01010004000000f001
020008000000320ac301670c01000000280010000000fb02c3fd07010000000090010000
00020002001053796d626f6c0002040000002d01020004000000f001010008000000320a
c3010e100100000029000500000014027002540c0500000013027002921010000000fb02
c3fd0701000000009001000000020002001053796d626f6c0002040000002d0101000400
0000f001020008000000320ade02d41301000000280010000000fb02c3fd070100000000
9001000000020002001053796d626f6c0002040000002d01020004000000f00101000800
0000320ade027b1701000000290015000000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000000402
001054696d6573204e657720526f6d616e000036040000002d01010004000000f0010200
08000000320ae0025e1b01000000300008000000320ae002341801000000490008000000
320ae002f315010000006a0008000000320ae002e71001000000490008000000320a3f04
060e01000000320008000000320ac501860e010000006a0008000000320ae00288090100
0000490008000000320ae0027206010000006a0008000000320a3f042601010000004700
08000000320ac5015e0101000000310015000000fb0200ff000000000000900100000000
0402001054696d6573204e657720526f6d616e000036040000002d01020004000000f001
010008000000320af402f31801000000330008000000320a4b015b18010000002e000800
0000320af402a91101000000320008000000320a4b010e11010000002e0008000000320a
f402340a01000000310008000000320a4b01af09010000002e0010000000fb0240fe0000
000000009001000000020002001053796d626f6c0002040000002d01010004000000f001
020008000000320ae0020b1a010000003d0008000000320ae00273160100000072000800
0000320ae002641401000000b10008000000320ae0027912010000002b0008000000320a
c501060f01000000720008000000320ac501f70c01000000b10008000000320ae002f10a
010000002d0008000000320a1603970801000000f70008000000320a6f04970801000000
f80008000000320af401970801000000f60008000000320a1603300001000000e7000800
0000320a6f04300001000000e80008000000320af401300001000000e60008000000320a
e002f20601000000720008000000320ae002e30401000000b10008000000320ae002f802
010000002b000a00000026060f000a00ffffffff01000000000010000000fb0214000900
00000000bc02000000cc0102022253797374656d00cc040000002d01020004000000f001
0100030000000000, (19)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 .
Решая систему (19), получаем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,
(20)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.
(21)
Так как схема предназначена для компенсации только активной составляющей
проводимости, целесообразно в качестве регулирующих использовать
элементы с чисто активным, емкостным или индуктивным характером
проводимости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.
Рассмотрим возможность использования в качестве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 активной проводимости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, реализуемой на основе ПТ. При соблюдении условия (17)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.
(22)
На основании (20)-(22) определяем величины, входящие в (18):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, (23)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,
(24)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, (25)
где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.
(26)
Подставляя (23)-(26) в (18) и учитывая (16), находим реализуемую
отрицательную активную проводимость, компенсирующую проводимость
колебательного контура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. (27)
При условиях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 и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, легко выполнимых на
практике, выражение (27) упрощается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.
(28)
Погрешность, допускаемую при данных ограничениях, оценим на основании
сравнения соотношений (27) и (28)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. (29)
Если предположить, что в рабочем диапазоне частот усилитель не будет
иметь фазового сдвига
(picscalex100010009000003b5000000020015000000000005000000090200000000040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), то выражение (29) упрощается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.
(30)
При неограниченном уменьшении входной проводимости усилителя по
сравнению с проводимостью колебательного контура
(picscalex100010009000003e2000000020015000000000005000000090200000000040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) погрешность (30)
реализации отрицательной активной проводимости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 (31)
и схема (см. рис.9) позволяет получить высокую линейность компенсации
проводимостей резонансного контура в широком диапазоне изменения его
активной составляющей, связанной как с перестройкой по частоте
picscalex100010009000003880000000200120000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c02600160011200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffff2500000020010000850100000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000300010000000fb0280fe0000000000009001000000020002001053796d626f6c0002
040000002d01000008000000320a000137000100000077000a00000026060f000a00ffff
ffff01000000000010000000fb021400090000000000bc02000000cc0102022253797374
656d00cc040000002d01010004000000f0010000030000000000 (15), так и с
изменением основных параметров (L,C).
При использовании управляемой проводимости (8.260) в виде емкости
(picscalex100010009000003f2000000020015000000000005000000090200000000040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) реализуемая отрицательная
активная составляющая проводимости по аналогии с (28)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.
(32)
Для реализации схемой (см. рис.9) отрицательной проводимости необходимо
в (32) обеспечить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.
Проведенный анализ для случая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показал, что схема, представленная на рис. 9, ведет себя так же, как и
при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 (32). Однако при реализации
этого варианта в интегральном исполнении имеются трудности, связанные с
проблемой индуктивности в микроэлектронике [1].
3. Прецизионный амплитудный модулятор
Совмещение функций генерирования и модуляции по амплитуде или частоте
колебаний в автогенераторе нецелесообразно, так как это приводит к
неконтролируемому повышению нестабильности частоты, которую стремятся
уменьшать всевозможными средствами, включая термостатирование
автогенератора. В связи с этим данные операции разделяют, оставляя
функцию генерирования колебаний в автогенераторе, а функцию модуляции
колебаний осуществляют с помощью отдельных амплитудных или частотных
модуляторов, что определяет необходимость совершенствования их
схемотехники.
Построение амплитудных модуляторов, работающих на относительно низких и
средних частотах c использованием ПТ и ОУ, а также перемножителей
сигналов, рассмотрено в работах [1,3].
Широкополосный амплитудный модулятор, способный работать на высоких
(сотни мегагерц) частотах, может быть реализован на основе схемы ШУН
(рис. 10) с симметричным выходом и управлением высокочастотного
(несущего) сигнала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 путем
изменения тока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 ГСТ под влиянием низкочастотного (модулирующего) сигнала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, так как
коэффициент передачи ДУ линейно связан с величиной этого тока.
Для изменяющегося во времени тока ГСТ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 амплитудного модулятора, представленного на
рис.10, в котором модулирующий сигнал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 подается в
его токозадающую цепь через повторитель сигнала на ОУ1, можно записать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,
(33)
где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,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 и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 – напряжение питания отрицательной полярности, напряжение
базаэмиттер БТ Т3 и постоянная составляющая тока ГСТ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. (34)
Выходное симметричное напряжение модулятора с учетом (33)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picscalex1000100090000036d0200000300150000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c02e005a0171200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffffa5ffffff60170000850500000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000400109000000fa02000010000000000000002200040000002d010000050000001402
f002ad01050000001302f002a205050000001402f0020809050000001302f002c3111500
0000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000000402001054696d6573204e657720526f6d61
6e0000ce040000002d01010008000000320a6003bc1601000000290008000000320a6003
291601000000740008000000320a60037a1501000000280008000000320a6003bb120100
0000550008000000320abf04120d01000000550008000000320abf042809010000004500
08000000320a3a02370f01000000290008000000320a3a02a40e01000000740008000000
320a3a02f50d01000000280008000000320a3a020d0b01000000550008000000320a6003
980601000000310008000000320abe04350201000000320008000000320a3a022a030100
0000520008000000320a3a02c80101000000490015000000fb0200ff0000000000009001
000000000402001054696d6573204e657720526f6d616e0000ce040000002d0102000400
0000f001010008000000320ad003ce1401000000310008000000320ad003271401000000
430008000000320a2f05211101000000290008000000320a2f059b100100000033000800
0000320a2f05e80f01000000540008000000320a2f057e0f01000000280015000000fb02
00ff0000000000009001000000cc0402001054696d6573204e657720526f6d616e00ccce
040000002d01010004000000f001020008000000320a2f057e0e02000000e1fd08000000
320a2f05650a01000000cf0015000000fb0200ff00000000000090010000000004020010
54696d6573204e657720526f6d616e0000ce040000002d01020004000000f00101000800
0000320aaa02360d01000000320008000000320aaa02790c01000000430008000000320a
2e053f0401000000540008000000320aaa02930401000000480008000000320aaa028102
01000000300010000000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000020002001053796d626f6c
0002040000002d01010004000000f001020008000000320a4204fc1101000000f7000800
0000320a2103fc1101000000f70008000000320a6405fc1101000000f80008000000320a
ff01fc1101000000f60008000000320a4204e30501000000e70008000000320a2103e305
01000000e70008000000320a6405e30501000000e80008000000320aff01e30501000000
e60008000000320abf04bb0b010000002d0008000000320a6003ac07010000002b000800
0000320abe041703010000006a0008000000320a60033b00010000003d0010000000fb02
00ff0000000000009001000000020002001053796d626f6c0002040000002d0102000400
0000f001010008000000320af603620a010000002d000a00000026060f000a00ffffffff
01000000000010000000fb021400090000000000bc02000000cc0102022253797374656d
00cc040000002d01010004000000f0010200030000000000,
(35)
где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 изменяющаяся во времени t крутизна БТ
дифференциальной пары Т1, Т2.
Рис. 10. Прецизионный амплитудный модулятор
При входных синусоидальных сигналах
picscalex1000100090000032b0100000200150000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c026002200f1200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffffb5ffffffe00e0000150200000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000600015000000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000000402001054696d6573204e65
7720526f6d616e000096040000002d01000008000000320aa0014c0e0100000074000900
0000320aa001d00903000000636f730008000000320aa001a80601000000550008000000
320aa0014c0401000000290008000000320aa001b90301000000740008000000320aa001
0a0301000000280008000000320aa001400001000000550015000000fb0200ff00000000
00009001000000000402001054696d6573204e657720526f6d616e000096040000002d01
010004000000f001000008000000320a10029d0d01000000300008000000320a1002e708
01000000310008000000320a10022008010000006d0008000000320a1002580201000000
310008000000320a1002b20101000000430010000000fb0240fe00000000000090010000
00020002001053796d626f6c0002040000002d01000004000000f001010008000000320a
a0015e0c01000000770008000000320aa0014505010000003d000a00000026060f000a00
ffffffff01000000000010000000fb021400090000000000bc02000000cc010202225379
7374656d00cc040000002d01010004000000f0010000030000000000,
(36)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,
(37)
где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,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 и
picscalex100010009000003ad0000000200150000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c02600240021200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffffb5ffffff00020000150200000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000600015000000fb0200ff0000000000009001000000000402001054696d6573204e65
7720526f6d616e0000a5040000002d01000008000000320a100272010100000030001000
0000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000020002001053796d626f6c0002040000002d01
010004000000f001000008000000320aa00135000100000077000a00000026060f000a00
ffffffff01000000000010000000fb021400090000000000bc02000000cc010202225379
7374656d00cc040000002d01000004000000f0010100030000000000,
picscalex100010009000003880000000200120000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c02c001c0011200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffffd5ffffff80010000950100000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000200010000000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000020002001053796d626f6c0002
040000002d01000008000000320a800130000100000057000a00000026060f000a00ffff
ffff01000000000010000000fb021400090000000000bc02000000cc0102022253797374
656d00cc040000002d01010004000000f0010000030000000000 амплитуды и
частоты соответственно несущего и модулирующего сигналов,
выходное напряжение (35) модулятора приобретает вид
амплитудно-модулированного колебания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picscalex1000100090000033c0100000200150000000000050000000902000000000400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,
(38)
где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 и m – амплитуда несущей и глубина
модуляции с учетом (34) сигнала с АМ,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, (39)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. (40)
Как следует из формулы (39), коэффициент передачи по несущей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(41)
соответствует коэффициенту передачи ДУ, амплитуда неискаженного
выходного сигнала которого не может превышать удвоенного значения
падения напряжения на резисторе нагрузки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 в режиме покоя. Следовательно, максимальный уровень несущей на
симметричном выходе модулятора должен удовлетворять условию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, (42)
при этом уровень входного сигнала (36) может быть не выше удвоенного
температурного потенциала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.
(43)
Амплитуда модулирующего сигнала (37) при непревышении стопроцентной
глубины модуляции
(picscalex100010009000003b5000000020015000000000005000000090200000000040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), как видно из формулы (40), должна быть на напряжение
базаэмиттер третьего транзистора меньше напряжения источника питания
отрицательной полярности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.
(44)
Амплитуду сигнала (44) можно получить на выходе повторителя сигнала
(рис.10) при тех же питающих напряжениях ОУ1, что и модулятора в целом.
Если требуемый ток
picscalex100010009000003b20000000200150000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c026002c0011200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffffb5ffffff80010000150200000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000600015000000fb0200ff0000000000009001000000000402001054696d6573204e65
7720526f6d616e00001a040000002d01000008000000320a1002f2000100000030001500
0000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000000402001054696d6573204e657720526f6d61
6e00001a040000002d01010004000000f001000008000000320aa0013b00010000004900
0a00000026060f000a00ffffffff01000000000010000000fb021400090000000000bc02
000000cc0102022253797374656d00cc040000002d01000004000000f001010003000000
0000 превышает допустимый выходной ток используемого ОУ1, то
целесообразно в токозадающей цепи ГСТ ток уменьшить, выбрав номиналы
резисторов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 и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 из соотношения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, и рассчитать номинал
резистора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, исходя из формулы (34),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. (45)
Сопротивление нагрузки модулятора следует выбирать исходя из частоты
среза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, а не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, как в широкополосном демодуляторе, с учетом коэффициента
сужения полосы пропускания за счет емкостей, шунтирующих нагрузочное
сопротивление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. Это связано с тем, что в модуляторе использовать сопротивление в
цепи эмиттеров транзисторов дифференциальной пары Т1 и Т2 не
рекомендуется, так как при этом возникают нелинейные искажения
огибающей.
Действительно, при введении резисторов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 в цепь эмиттеров БТ Т1 и Т2 крутизна при условии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 становится независимой от тока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picscalex100010009000003f70200000300150000000000050000000902000000000400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, (46)
а производная от (46)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является обратной функцией квадрата модулирующего тока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 (33), т.е. нелинейной функцией для сигнала
модуляции (37).
Снимать непосредственно сигналы с несимметричных выходов модулятора
нельзя, так как на каждом из этих выходов присутствует синфазный сигнал,
образуемый при изменении тока ГСТ на каждом из сопротивлений нагрузки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, который, накладываясь на
дифференциальный сигнал, искажает закон модуляции. При съеме полезного
сигнала с симметричного выхода сигналы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, вычитаясь
между собой, не проявляются и, следовательно, не нарушают закона
модуляции.
Для получения возможности съема полезного сигнала с одного выхода (лучше
со второго, так как БТ Т2 включен по схеме с ОБ, при этом сопротивление
нагрузки в Т1 должно быть закорочено с целью получения включения с ОК)
относительно общей точки необходим специальный каскад сдвига уровня,
который позволил бы, исключив влияние синфазного сигнала, восстановить
прежний закон модуляции и сформировать несущую без постоянной
составляющей. В связи с этим основная схема модулятора (рис. 10)
дополнена каскадом сдвига уровня на БТ Т5 с управляемым ГСТ на
транзисторах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,
picscalex100010009000003ba0000000200150000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c02e00200031200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffffabffffffc00200008b0200000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000800015000000fb0200ff0000000000009001000000000402001054696d6573204e65
7720526f6d616e00007a040000002d01000008000000320a170154020100000027001500
0000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000000402001054696d6573204e657720526f6d61
6e00007a040000002d01010004000000f001000008000000320ae0015401010000003400
08000000320ae00130000100000054000a00000026060f000a00ffffffff010000000000
10000000fb021400090000000000bc02000000cc0102022253797374656d00cc04000000
2d01000004000000f0010100030000000000 и ОУ2.
Условие компенсации постоянной составляющей, включая синфазную, на
выходе модулятора
picscalex100010009000003d80000000200150000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c02a00240041200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffffabffffff000400004b0200000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000600015000000fb0200ff0000000000009001000000000402001054696d6573204e65
7720526f6d616e000097040000002d01000008000000320a1701b4010100000027001500
0000fb0200ff0000000000009001000000cc0402001054696d6573204e657720526f6d61
6e00cc97040000002d01010004000000f001000009000000320a5002bd0103000000c2db
d50015000000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000000402001054696d6573204e657720
526f6d616e000097040000002d01000004000000f001010008000000320ae00140000100
000055000a00000026060f000a00ffffffff01000000000010000000fb02140009000000
0000bc02000000cc0102022253797374656d00cc040000002d01010004000000f0010000
030000000000 сводится к условию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, (47)
где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 и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 напряжение
базаэмиттер БТ Т5 и ток дополнительного ГСТ, который по форме записи
соответствует (33), так как схема данного ГСТ идентична схеме основного
ГСТ (рис. 10).
С учетом отмеченного и формулы (33) условие (47) приобретает вид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, (48)
где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,
picscalex100010009000003da0000000200150000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c02a00240051200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffffabffffff000500004b0200000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000600015000000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000000402001054696d6573204e65
7720526f6d616e0000c4040000002d01000008000000320ae00175040100000029000800
0000320ae001e20301000000740008000000320ae001330301000000280008000000320a
e001400001000000550015000000fb0200ff000000000000900100000000040200105469
6d6573204e657720526f6d616e0000c4040000002d01010004000000f001000008000000
320a1701b20101000000270008000000320a50026e0201000000320008000000320a5002
b2010100000043000a00000026060f000a00ffffffff01000000000010000000fb021400
090000000000bc02000000cc0102022253797374656d00cc040000002d01000004000000
f0010100030000000000 и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 постоянная
состовляющая тока, требуемое переменное напряжение компенсации и
напряжение базаэмиттер БТ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 дополнительного
ГСТ;picscalex100010009000003b2000000020015000000000005000000090200000000
0400000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e01180005000000310201000000
050000000b0200000000050000000c02600260021200000026060f001a00ffffffff0000
10000000c0ffffffb5ffffff20020000150200000b00000026060f000c004d6174685479
70650000600015000000fb0200ff0000000000009001000000000402001054696d657320
4e657720526f6d616e00009e040000002d01000008000000320a1002a601010000003000
15000000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000000402001054696d6573204e657720526f
6d616e00009e040000002d01010004000000f001000008000000320aa001400001000000
52000a00000026060f000a00ffffffff01000000000010000000fb021400090000000000
bc02000000cc0102022253797374656d00cc040000002d01000004000000f00101000300
00000000 сопротивление компенсирующего резистора.
Условие компенсации (48) в статическом режиме (при отсутствии модуляции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)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позволяет определить требуемый номинал компенсирующего резистора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.
(49)
Условие компенсации (48) в динамическом режиме (при наличии модуляции)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позволяет определить требуемый уровень переменного напряжения
компенсации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.
(50)
Для упрощения практической реализации модулятора необходимо соблюдать
равенство напряжений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 и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, которое выполнимо при
одинаковых токах транзисторов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 и Т3. Тогда целесообразно принять
одинаковыми и токи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 и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, т. е. необходимо иметь два ГСТ с идентичными параметрами, что
осуществимо в едином интегральном технологическом цикле.
При идентичных параметрах ГСТ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,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,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 и
picscalex100010009000003ea0000000200150000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c02a00220051200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffffabffffffe00400004b0200000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000600015000000fb0200ff0000000000009001000000000402001054696d6573204e65
7720526f6d616e000099040000002d01000008000000320a170165040100000027000800
0000320a5002650401000000300008000000320a5002f80001000000300015000000fb02
40fe0000000000009001000000000402001054696d6573204e657720526f6d616e000099
040000002d01010004000000f001000008000000320ae001a80301000000490008000000
320ae0013b0001000000490010000000fb0240fe00000000000090010000000200020010
53796d626f6c0002040000002d01000004000000f001010008000000320ae00131020100
00003d000a00000026060f000a00ffffffff01000000000010000000fb02140009000000
0000bc02000000cc0102022253797374656d00cc040000002d01010004000000f0010000
030000000000 соотношения (49) и (50) упрощаются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,
(51)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.
(52)
Уравнение (52) позволяет синтезировать управляющее дополнительным ГСТ
устройство, которое должно быть инвертирующим устройством на ОУ2 c
коэффициентом передачи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. (53)
Номиналы резисторов цепи ООС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 и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при низкоомных резисторах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 и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 могут быть пропорционально увеличены, чтобы заметно не нагружать
ОУ1 и ОУ2, с сохранением соотношения (53).
Коэффициент передачи каскада сдвига уровня на транзисторе Т5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,
(54)
где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 внутреннее
сопротивление второго (компенсирующего) ГСТ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;
(55)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 и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параллельное соединение резисторов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 и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 и коэффициент передачи тока БТ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.
Результирующий коэффициент передачи по несущей амплитудного модулятора
(41) и (54)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. (56)
Входные сопротивления по входу несущей модулятора без учета
сопротивления в цепи базы транзистора Т1, которое при подключенном
источнике сигнала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 может
отсутствовать, относительно невелико. Оно такое, как у простого ДУ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,
(57)
где
picscalex100010009000003ea0000000200150000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c02a00200061200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffffb5ffffffc0050000550200000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000800015000000fb0200ff0000000000009001000000000402001054696d6573204e65
7720526f6d616e00009c040000002d01000008000000320a100260050100000029000800
0000320a1002cd0401000000320008000000320a1002170401000000540008000000320a
1002ce03010000002c0008000000320a1002540301000000310008000000320a1002b402
01000000540008000000320a10024a0201000000280008000000320a10024d0102000000
323115000000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000000402001054696d6573204e657720
526f6d616e00009c040000002d01010004000000f001000008000000320aa0013b000100
000068000a00000026060f000a00ffffffff01000000000010000000fb02140009000000
0000bc02000000cc0102022253797374656d00cc040000002d01000004000000f0010100
030000000000- коэффициент передачи тока БТ Т1, Т2, что требует
применения источника сигнала
picscalex100010009000003d20000000200150000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c02600220051200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffffb5ffffffe0040000150200000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000600015000000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000000402001054696d6573204e65
7720526f6d616e000024040000002d01000008000000320aa0014c040100000029000800
0000320aa001b90301000000740008000000320aa0010a0301000000280008000000320a
a001400001000000550015000000fb0200ff000000000000900100000000040200105469
6d6573204e657720526f6d616e000024040000002d01010004000000f001000008000000
320a1002580201000000310008000000320a1002b2010100000043000a00000026060f00
0a00ffffffff01000000000010000000fb021400090000000000bc02000000cc01020222
53797374656d00cc040000002d01000004000000f0010100030000000000 с малым
внутренним сопротивлением.
Входное сопротивление модулятора по модуляционному входу исключительно
велико, оно определяется входным дифференциальным сопротивлением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 и коэффициентом передачи
picscalex100010009000003b20000000200150000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c02600280021200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffffb5ffffff40020000150200000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000600015000000fb0200ff0000000000009001000000000402001054696d6573204e65
7720526f6d616e0000ac040000002d01000008000000320a1002ae010100000030001500
0000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000000402001054696d6573204e657720526f6d61
6e0000ac040000002d01010004000000f001000008000000320aa0014000010000004b00
0a00000026060f000a00ffffffff01000000000010000000fb021400090000000000bc02
000000cc0102022253797374656d00cc040000002d01000004000000f001010003000000
0000 используемого ОУ1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.
(58)
В связи с этим модуляционный вход модулятора целесообразно экранировать,
соединив оплетку кабеля с выходом ОУ1, как показано на рис.10.
Выходное сопротивление модулятора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 (59)
относительно велико, и это определяет необходимость использования
высокоомной нагрузки.
Так как транзисторы дифференциальной пары Т1 и Т2 включены по схеме ОКОБ
и нагрузкой ее является БТ Т5, включенный по схеме ОК, то в формировании
частоты среза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 модулятора участвует частота среза по параметру крутизны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 транзистора Т2 и частота среза ФНЧ нагрузки
picscalex100010009000003b20000000200150000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c02600200021200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffffb5ffffffc0010000150200000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000600015000000fb0200ff0000000000009001000000000402001054696d6573204e65
7720526f6d616e0000cb040000002d01000008000000320a1002f0000100000048001500
0000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000000402001054696d6573204e657720526f6d61
6e0000cb040000002d01010004000000f001000008000000320aa0013000010000006600
0a00000026060f000a00ffffffff01000000000010000000fb021400090000000000bc02
000000cc0102022253797374656d00cc040000002d01000004000000f001010003000000
0000, которые принимаются равными
(picscalex100010009000003b2000000020015000000000005000000090200000000040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). С учетом
коэффициента сужения полосы пропускания
picscalex100010009000003880000000200120000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c02c00140011200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffff3500000000010000f50100000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000500010000000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000020002001053796d626f6c0002
040000002d01000008000000320a200140000100000067000a00000026060f000a00ffff
ffff01000000000010000000fb021400090000000000bc02000000cc0102022253797374
656d00cc040000002d01010004000000f0010000030000000000, в данном случае
n=2 и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, сопротивление нагрузки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, (60)
где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 выходная емкость ФНЧ нагрузки, состоящая из емкостей коллектор-
база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 транзисторов Т2 и Т5 и монтажной емкости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;
picscalex100010009000003b70100000200150000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c022003a0111200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffffacffffff60110000cc0200000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000a00015000000fb0200ff0000000000009001000000000402001054696d6573204e65
7720526f6d616e0000fa040000002d01000008000000320a50026310010000004d000800
0000320a9202bd0c01000000290008000000320a9202340c01000000350008000000320a
9202840b01000000540008000000320a92023c0b010000002c0008000000320a9202af0a
01000000320015000000fb0200ff0000000000009001000000cc0402001054696d657320
4e657720526f6d616e00ccfa040000002d01010004000000f001000008000000320a9202
f90901000000d20015000000fb0200ff0000000000009001000000000402001054696d65
73204e657720526f6d616e0000fa040000002d01000004000000f001010008000000320a
92028f0901000000280015000000fb0200ff0000000000009001000000cc040200105469
6d6573204e657720526f6d616e00ccfa040000002d01010004000000f001000008000000
320a9202f70702000000eae109000000320a5002830103000000c2dbd50015000000fb02
40fe0000000000009001000000000402001054696d6573204e657720526f6d616e0000fa
040000002d01000004000000f001010008000000320ae001100f01000000430008000000
320ae001aa0601000000430008000000320ae001c80501000000320008000000320ae001
300001000000430015000000fb0240ff0000000000009001000000cc0402001054696d65
73204e657720526f6d616e00ccfa040000002d01010004000000f001000008000000320a
20020d0901000000fd0010000000fb0240fe000000000000900100000002000200105379
6d626f6c0002040000002d01000004000000f001010008000000320ae001b80d01000000
2b0008000000320ae0017004010000003d000a00000026060f000a00ffffffff01000000
000010000000fb021400090000000000bc02000000cc0102022253797374656d00cc0400
00002d01010004000000f0010000030000000000.
(61)
В связи с этим требуемая частота единичного усиления транзисторов Т1 и
Т2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.
(62)
Расчет амплитудного модулятора следует начинать с определения
сопротивления нагрузки (60) и задания требований к транзисторам
дифференциальной пары Т1, Т2 и режима их работы с целью обеспечения
заданного частотного диапазона. При емкостях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 пФ и
емкости монтажа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 пФ емкость
(61)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 пФ и
для частоты среза модулятора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 200 МГц
сопротивление нагрузки (50) составит
picscalex100010009000003d20000000200150000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c02600260041200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffffb5ffffff20040000150200000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000600010000000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000020002001053796d626f6c0002
040000002d01000008000000320aa0012c0301000000bb0015000000fb0200ff00000000
00009001000000000402001054696d6573204e657720526f6d616e000018040000002d01
010004000000f001000008000000320a1002ad0101000000480015000000fb0240fe0000
000000009001000000000402001054696d6573204e657720526f6d616e00001804000000
2d01000004000000f001010008000000320aa00140000100000052000a00000026060f00
0a00ffffffff01000000000010000000fb021400090000000000bc02000000cc01020222
53797374656d00cc040000002d01010004000000f0010000030000000000100 Ом, а
требуемая частота единичного усиления (62) транзисторов Т1, Т2 при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 Ом и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 мА должна
быть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 МГц.
Желательно чтобы остальные транзисторы схемы модулятора были однотипными
с Т1 и Т2, но они работают с цепями ООС, и их частоты единичного
усиления могут быть несколько меньшими, несмотря на удвоенное значение
их рабочего тока.
Так как к модулятору, как правило, не предъявляется высоких требований в
части коэффициента усиления несущей (56), то даже при такой низкоомной
нагрузке ток ГСТ (34) может быть выбран не очень большой величины
(picscalex100010009000003d2000000020015000000000005000000090200000000040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 мА),
чтобы использовать стандартные ОУ1 и ОУ2, например,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 мА.
После этого расчет производят в соответствии с формулами, описывающими
работу модулятора, включая оценку входных и выходных его параметров (57)
– (59), выбор соответствующего ОУ и определение номиналов резисторов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,picscalex100010009000003b200000002001500000000000500000009020000000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 (53) ОУ2, c учетом того что верхняя частота модулирующего
сигнала (37), как правило, не превышает верхней частоты звукового
диапазона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 кГц.
При первичной отладке амплитудного модулятора необходимо в отсутствие
входных сигналов (36) и (37) как можно точнее получить нулевой уровень
постоянной составляющей выходного напряжения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 путем более точной, например лазерной, подгонки номинала
компенсирующего резистора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 (рис. 10). Затем, установив уровень модулирующего сигнала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,
соответствующий предельной глубине модуляции
(picscalex100010009000003ad000000020015000000000005000000090200000000040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) (40), путем
подстройки номинала резистора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 следует зафиксировать отсутствие данного сигнала на выходе
модулятора. После этого при калиброванных входных сигналах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 и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 модулятор
может быть использован как прецизионное средство получения сигналов с АМ
в широком диапазоне частот.
4. Линейный частотный модулятор
ЧМ, так же как и АМ, может быть осуществлена в отдельном от
автогенератора модуляторе. Это актуально для ряда радиотехнических
систем, в том числе и измерительных [9], требующих двух
синхронизированных сигналов, один из которых представляет собой
немодулированное колебание, а другой – колебание с ЧМ или АМ.
Линейный частотный модулятор (рис.11), реализованный на основе фазовой
автоподстройки частоты (ФАПЧ) [1], удовлетворяет таким требованиям. В
состав системы ФАПЧ входят управляемый по частоте генератор 1, ФИ 2,
цифровой частотно-фазовый демодулятор (ЦЧФД) 3, ДУ 4, сумматор 5 и
сравнивающее устройство 6. Для осуществления линеаризации характеристики
управления по частоте генератора введены
ПЧН 7 и ФНЧ 8.
К второму входу ЦЧФД посредством ФИ 9 подводится сигнал от внешнего
высокочастотного генератора несущей частоты с напряжением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. На второй вход сумматора подается модулирующий сигнал от
внешнего низкочастотного генератора с напряжением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. В связи с тем,
что частотный диапазон работы ЦЧФД ограничен, но имеется необходимость
получения сигналов с рабочей частотой, превышающей предельную частоту
функционирования ЦЧФД, в состав линейного частотного модулятора могут
быть введены делители частоты 10, 11.
При отсутствии одного из делителей 10 или 11 частота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 напряжения на выходе управляемого генератора может быть ниже или
выше частоты несущей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 внешнего генератора:
picscalex100010009000003320100000200150000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c026002400f1200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffffb5ffffff000f0000150200000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000600015000000fb0200ff0000000000009001000000000402001054696d6573204e65
7720526f6d616e0000de040000002d01000008000000320a1002160e0200000031310800
0000320a1002cd0a02000000313008000000320a1002c90401000000300008000000320a
1002d90001000000310015000000fb0240fe000000000000900100000000040200105469
6d6573204e657720526f6d616e0000de040000002d01010004000000f001000008000000
320aa0011e0d010000006e0008000000320aa001510c010000002f0008000000320aa001
d509010000006e0008000000320aa001310901000000290008000000320aa00156080100
0000660008000000320aa0010d0401000000660008000000320aa0016e03010000002800
08000000320aa001300001000000660010000000fb0240fe000000000000900100000002
0002001053796d626f6c0002040000002d01000004000000f001010008000000320aa001
440701000000440008000000320aa001e50501000000b10008000000320aa00102020100
00003d000a00000026060f000a00ffffffff01000000000010000000fb02140009000000
0000bc02000000cc0102022253797374656d00cc040000002d01010004000000f0010000
030000000000, (63)
где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 и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,
picscalex100010009000003b20000000200150000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c02600260021200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffffb5ffffff20020000150200000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000600015000000fb0200ff0000000000009001000000000402001054696d6573204e65
7720526f6d616e0000af040000002d01000008000000320a100235010200000031311500
0000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000000402001054696d6573204e657720526f6d61
6e0000af040000002d01010004000000f001000008000000320aa0013b00010000006e00
0a00000026060f000a00ffffffff01000000000010000000fb021400090000000000bc02
000000cc0102022253797374656d00cc040000002d01000004000000f001010003000000
0000 девиация частоты генератора 1 и коэффициенты деления делителей
частоты 10, 11 соответственно.
Для исключения влияния ЧМ на работу систем регулирования частоты среза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 ФНЧ в ЦЧФД и ФНЧ должны быть существенно ниже частоты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(picscalex100010009000003fa000000020015000000000005000000090200000000040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).
Линейность ЧМ в рассматриваемом модуляторе определяется линейностью
характеристики ПЧН, входящего в состав системы линеаризации
характеристики управления генератора, действующей по принципу,
изложенному в подразд. 2.1, т.е. при определенном коэффициенте передачи
сравнивающего устройства достигается привязка характеристики
управляемого по частоте генератора к характеристике ПЧН 7. В
соответствии с этим и ЧМ в модуляторе (рис.11), реализуемая под влиянием
напряжения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 внешнего
модулирующего сигнала, происходит по линейному закону.
Синхронизация несущей частоты (63) управляемого генератора с частотой
внешнего генератора производится посредством системы ФАПЧ, принцип
действия которой достаточно полно изложен в работе [1].
При несовпадении частот, действующих на входах ЦЧФД, на выходе
последнего образуется разность напряжений соответствующей полярности,
которая после усиления в ДУ, сумматоре и сравнивающем устройстве
воздействует на управляемый генератор так, что его частота совпадает с
частотой сигнала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 внешнего генератора. Более того, из-за достаточно большого
коэффициента передачи в цепи регулирования системы ФАПЧ разность фаз
между сигналами, действующих на входах ЦЧФД, устанавливается близкой к
нулю и всякое изменение частоты внешнего генератора сопровождается
подстройкой частоты управляемого генератора так, что эта разность фаз
приобретает определенное значение. Таким образом, частоты внешнего
генератора и управляемого генератора совпадает с точностью до фазы
независимо от состояния первого генератора.
Зная характеристику управления генератора с учетом коэффициента передачи
сумматора, который может быть реализован на основе инвертирующей ОС,
можно определить требуемый уровень модулирующего напряжения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 для достижения
необходимой девиации частоты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 выходного
сигнала и минимальную модулирующую частоту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 при соответствующем индексе модуляции,
например,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.
Характерной особенностью частотного модулятора является то, что при
линейной характеристике управляемого генератора и постоянном уровне
модулирующего напряжения девиация частоты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 остается
неизменной при перестройке частоты внешнего генератора и, следовательно,
частоты генератора.
Практическая реализация всех функциональных блоков, входящих в линейный
модулятор (см. рис.11), за исключением ЦЧФД и делителей частоты 10 и
11, которые в простейшем варианте могут быть осуществлены на основе
последовательного соединения Т – триггеров, изложена выше. ЦЧФД является
наиболее ответственным функциональным блоком, и его принципы построения
необходимо рассмотреть отдельно.
5. Цифровой частотно-фазовый демодулятор
Аналоговый фазовый демодулятор (ФД), используемый в системе ФАПЧ [1],
обладает существенным недостатком ограниченной полосой захвата, т.е.
система ФАПЧ не работает при первоначальном частотном сдвиге
определенной величины, так как данный ФД не формирует управляющего
напряжения в правильном направлении. В отличие от аналогового ЦЧФД,
представленный на рис.12, при любом фазовом сдвиге вырабатывает сигнал с
правильным знаком расстройки сравниваемых частот.
Принцип действия ЦЧФД, содержащего два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-триггера D1, D2 и элемент И-НЕ D3, осуществляющий задержку
распространения информации, основан на преобразовании сдвига фаз входных
импульсных сигналов
picscalex100010009000003ba0000000200150000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c026002e0021200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffffb5ffffffa0020000150200000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000600015000000fb0200ff0000000000009001000000000402001054696d6573204e65
7720526f6d616e0000a2040000002d01000008000000320a10023d020100000031000800
0000320a1002b00101000000660015000000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000000402
001054696d6573204e657720526f6d616e0000a2040000002d01010004000000f0010000
08000000320aa00140000100000055000a00000026060f000a00ffffffff010000000000
10000000fb021400090000000000bc02000000cc0102022253797374656d00cc04000000
2d01000004000000f0010100030000000000 и
picscalex100010009000003ba0000000200150000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c02600220031200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffffb5ffffffe0020000150200000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000600015000000fb0200ff0000000000009001000000000402001054696d6573204e65
7720526f6d616e0000df040000002d01000008000000320a100253020100000032000800
0000320a1002b00101000000660015000000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000000402
001054696d6573204e657720526f6d616e0000df040000002d01010004000000f0010000
08000000320aa00140000100000055000a00000026060f000a00ffffffff010000000000
10000000fb021400090000000000bc02000000cc0102022253797374656d00cc04000000
2d01000004000000f0010100030000000000 (рис.13, а, б) в длительность
импульсов на инверсных выходах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-триггеров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 и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 (рис. 13, в,
г).
В исходном состоянии триггеры D1 и D2 формируют единичные сигналы и на
их инверсных выходах присутствуют низкие потенциалы (см. рис.13,в,г). С
приходом первого импульса из последовательности импульсов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 (см.рис.13,а) на синхронизирующий
вход первый триггер D1 устанавливается в нулевое состояние (см. рис. 13,
в), так как его D-вход соединен с общей шиной. При поступлении первого
импульса из последовательности импульсов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 (см. рис. 13, б) на
синхронизирующий вход второй триггер D2 также переходит в нулевое
состояние (см. рис. 13, г).
Высокие потенциалы с инверсных выходов D-триггеров инвертируются в
элементе И-НЕ D3 и нулевой потенциал с его выхода устанавливает
D-триггеры в исходное состояние.
Длительность импульсов на инверсном выходе первого D-триггера D1 (см.
рис. 13, в) зависит от сдвига фаз между сигналами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 и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, а длительность импульсов на
инверсном выходе второго D-триггера D2 определяется задержкой сигнала в
используемых ИС и составляет сотые доли микросекунды (короткие импульсы
на рис. 13, г).
Такое соотношение между длительностями импульсов на выходах Dтриггеров
наблюдается при частотах входных сигналов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. В случае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 все происходит
наоборот (см. рис. 13, в, г).
При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 длительность
импульсов на инверсных выходах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-триггеров D1 и D2 постоянна и зависит от сдвига фаз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 входных
сигналов, причем если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, то импульсы, пропорциональные сдвигу фаз,
присутствуют на выходе первого Dтриггера, а если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 то на выходе второго D-триггера.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 и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,
выделяя постоянную составляющую импульсов, действующих на выходах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-триггеров, формируют фазовую характеристику ЦЧФД (рис. 14)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,
(64)
где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 и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амплитуда и период анализируемых сигналов.
Временной сдвиг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(64) пропорционален фазе
picscalex100010009000003880000000200120000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c02c00180011200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffff3500000040010000f50100000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000500010000000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000020002001053796d626f6c0002
040000002d01000008000000320a20013000010000006a000a00000026060f000a00ffff
ffff01000000000010000000fb021400090000000000bc02000000cc0102022253797374
656d00cc040000002d01010004000000f0010000030000000000 в пределах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, и это
определяет линейную область изменения фазы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. Выходное напряжение
ЦЧФД за пределами данной области в точках а и б скачкообразно
уменьшается от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 до
picscalex100010009000003d30000000200150000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c02600240051200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffffb5ffffff00050000150200000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000600010000000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000020002001053796d626f6c0002
040000002d01000008000000320aa001130401000000bb0015000000fb0200ff00000000
00009001000000cc0402001054696d6573204e657720526f6d616e00cc56040000002d01
010004000000f001000009000000320a1002b50103000000ece8ed0015000000fb0240fe
0000000000009001000000000402001054696d6573204e657720526f6d616e0000560400
00002d01000004000000f001010008000000320aa00140000100000055000a0000002606
0f000a00ffffffff01000000000010000000fb021400090000000000bc02000000cc0102
022253797374656d00cc040000002d01010004000000f00100000300000000000 (рис.
13, е, ж), а затем изменяется с сохранением первоначального направления.
В связи с этим фазовая характеристика ЦЧФД (см. рис. 14) приобретает
пилообразный вид.
Данная характеристика принципиально отличается от характеристики
аналогового ФД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 тем, что выходное напряжение
(64) при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 всегда положительно, а при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 всегда отрицательно. Этим и объясняется частотная
чувствительность ЦЧФД (рис. 15).
Если, например, частота одного сигнала
picscalex100010009000003b20000000200150000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c02600280011200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffffb5ffffff40010000150200000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000600015000000fb0200ff0000000000009001000000000402001054696d6573204e65
7720526f6d616e0000d5040000002d01000008000000320a1002da000100000031001500
0000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000000402001054696d6573204e657720526f6d61
6e0000d5040000002d01010004000000f001000008000000320aa0013000010000006600
0a00000026060f000a00ffffffff01000000000010000000fb021400090000000000bc02
000000cc0102022253797374656d00cc040000002d01000004000000f001010003000000
0000 больше частоты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 второго сигнала
picscalex100010009000003220100000200150000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c02600200061200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffffb5ffffffc0050000150200000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000600010000000fb02c3fd0701000000009001000000020002001053796d626f6c0002
040000002d01000008000000320a9e01330001000000280010000000fb02c3fd07010000
00009001000000020002001053796d626f6c0002040000002d01010004000000f0010000
08000000320a9e015a0501000000290015000000fb0200ff000000000000900100000000
0402001054696d6573204e657720526f6d616e00006a040000002d01000004000000f001
010008000000320a1002850401000000320008000000320a100264010100000031001500
0000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000000402001054696d6573204e657720526f6d61
6e00006a040000002d01010004000000f001000008000000320aa001c303010000006600
08000000320aa001b80001000000660010000000fb0240fe000000000000900100000002
0002001053796d626f6c0002040000002d01000004000000f001010008000000320aa001
7002010000003e000a00000026060f000a00ffffffff01000000000010000000fb021400
090000000000bc02000000cc0102022253797374656d00cc040000002d01010004000000
f0010000030000000000, то фазовый сдвиг возрастает пропорционально
времени всегда в положительном направлении. При этом пилообразное
напряжение приобретает среднее значение
(picscalex100010009000003b5000000020015000000000005000000090200000000040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). При обратном соотношении частот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picscalex100010009000003b50000000200150000000000050000000902000000000400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 (см. рис. 15). По данной причине система ФАПЧ с ЦЧФД
имеет полосу захвата теоретически бесконечно большую, а на практике
ограничивается диапазоном перестройки по частоте используемого
управляемого генератора.
Таким образом, рассмотренный ЦЧФД (см. рис. 12) выполняет роль
частотного демодулятора (компаратора) при частотах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 (см. рис. 15) и
роль ФД при совпадении анализируемых частот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 (см. рис. 14).
Номиналы выходных ФНЧ ЦЧФД (см. рис. 12) рассчитывают, исходя из частот
среза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, которые должны быть намного меньше частоты модуляции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: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.
Частотный диапазон работы ЦЧФД определяется предельной частотой
функционирования используемых D-триггеров и элемента И-НЕ. При
реализации ЦЧФД на основе стандартных ИС 1554й серии, в состав которой
входят двойной Dтриггер (1554ТМ2) и 4 элемента ИНЕ (1554ЛА3), рабочий
диапазон частот может быть получен до 100 МГц.
ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ
За последнее время существенно повысился технический уровень электронной
техники. Интегральная микросхемотехника в своем развитии достигла
высокого уровня. Быстрое развитие требует создания все более точного и
сложного автоматизированного технологического оборудования. Однако,
вместе с этим мы получаем возможность создания более сложных и
совершенных устройств с лучшими характеристиками и параметрами,
уменьшение их габаритов.
В процессе выполнения данной курсовой работы мы ознакомились с общими
принципами построения таких узлов радиоприемных устройств как различные
виды модуляторов, изучили основные методы их проектирования с
использованием микросхемотехники. Получили практические навыки
проектирования, расчета и моделирования узлов радиоприемника с
использованием ПЭВМ.
Исследованию подлежали: линейный частотный модулятор, цифровой
частотно-фазовый демодулятор и прецизионный амплитудный модулятор.
Разработанные схемы устройств работают в широком диапазоне частот
100-250 МГц с диапазоном управляющих напряжений 0-10 В.
СПИСОК ИСПОЛЬЗОВАННОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ
1. С в и р и д В.Л. Микросхемотехника аналоговых электронных устройств:
Учеб. Пособие для радиотехн. спец. вузов. – Дизайн ПРО, 1998. – 256с.
2. С в и р и д В.Л. Проектирование микроэлектронных устройств: Учеб.
Пособие по курсу “Микросхемотехника”: В 4 ч. Ч.2: Методология, основы
метрологии, проектирование и расчет электронно-управляемых образцовых
проводимостей. – Мн.: БГУИР, 1994. – 76 с.
3. А.с. 1132258 СССР, МКИ3 G 01 R 27/26. Устройство для автоматического
измерения параметров нелинейных элементов / В.Л. Свирид. – Заявл.
02.08.83; Опубл. 30.12.84, Бюл. N 48. – 17 с.
4. С в и р и д В.Л. Экспериментальная микросхемотехника: Лаб. Практикум
по курсу “Микросхемотехника ”: В 3 ч. Ч. 1: Исследование
дифференциальных и операционных усилителей. – Мн.: БГУИР, 1995. – 61 с.
5. С в и р и д В.Л. Электронно-управляемые фазовращатели // Новые
информационные технологии в науке и производстве: Материалы международ.
науч.-техн. конф. – Мн.: БГУИР, 1998. – С. 189-192.
6. С в и р и д В.Л. Прецизионные источники опорного напряжения на
основе полевых транзисторов // Радиотехника и электроника. – Мн.: ЗАО
“Юникап”, 1999. – Вып. 24. – С.150-156.
7. С в и р и д В.Л. Метод линеаризации и термостабилизации характеристик
нелинейных элементов // Радиотехника – М.: ВНТОРЭиС им. А.С. Попова,
1991. – N11. – С. 56 – 58.
8. С в и р и д В.Л. Измерение полных проводимостей при неблагоприятных
соотношениях составляющих // Радиотехника и электроника. – Мн.: Выш.
шк., 1975. – Вып. 4. – С. 98 – 104.
9. Пат. 2020616 РФ, МКИ5 G 01 С 27/00. Аналоговое запоминающее
устройство / В.Л. Свирид. – Заявл. 25.02.91; Опубл. 30.09.94, Бюл. N 18.
– 7 с.
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