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NIAeA?AEAIEA

Aaaaeaiea
4

Yeiiiie/aneay /anoue
6

1.I?aaiecaoeey i?aaei?eyoey
7

1.1.Oeaee e caaea/e i?iaeoe?oaiiai i?aaei?eyoey
7

1.2.O/?aaeeoaee, ooao i?aaei?eyoey
8

1.3.I?aaeiieaaaaiue aeae aeayoaeueiinoe
10

2.I?iaeoe?iaaiea i?aaei?eyoey
11

2.1.Auai? e iainiiaaiea eiee/anoaa ?aai/eo iano
11

2.2.?an/ao ieiuaaeae
11

2.3.Iniauaiea ?aai/eo iano
11

2.4.Oneiaey o?oaea.Io?aia o?oaea
14

2.5.Oaoieea aaciianiinoe i?e ?aiiioa aiia?aoa
16

2.6.Aaeainiaue ?an/ao iaoa?eaeueii-oaoie/aneiai iaania/aiey
17

2.7.Niaoa ?anoiaeia ia oiieeai e yia?aeth
18

2.8.Niaoa oeaoiauo ?anoiaeia
20

3.?an/ao oaoieei-yeiiiie/aneeo iieacaoaeae
24

3.1.?an/ao oiiaea ca?aaioiie ieaou
24

3.2.?an/ao naaanoieiinoe ?aiiioa
26

3.3.?ani?aaeaeaiea i?eauee
27

3.4.?an/ao iieacaoaeae yeiiiie/aneie yooaeoeaiinoe i?aaei?eyoey
27

I?eeiaeaiea. Onoaa iauanoaa n ia?aie/aiiie ioaaonoaaiiinoueth
“Iieiey”
30

Oaoiieiae/aneay /anoue
35

4.Aiaeec ?aaiou i?eioeeieaeueiie noaiu aeiea oeaaoiinoe AOe-10
36

5.Eiino?oeoeey
41

6.?an/ao iaaeaaeiinoe
43

6.1.?an/ao eiyooeoeeaioia iaa?ocee e eioaineaiinoe ioeacia yeaiaioia 43

6.2.?an/ao n?aaeiaai a?aiaie aacioeaciie ?aaiou
51

6.3.?an/ao aa?iyoiinoe aacioeaciie ?aaiou a caaeneiinoe io a?aiaie
yenieoaoaoeee aeiea
51

6.4.?an/ao aa?iyoiinoe aacioeaciie ?aaiou iinea caiaiu yeaiaioia
52

6.5.?an/ao iieacaoaeae ?aiiioii?eaiaeiinoe
52

7.Oaoiieiaey ?aiiioa e ?aaoee?iaee
54

7.1.Aiaeec aiciiaeiuo iaeni?aaiinoae
54

7.2.Noaiaea?oiua iia?aoeee ?aiiioa
54

7.3.Ia?a/aiue iia?aoeee ?aiiioa e ?aaoee?iaee
56

7.4.Auai? eiio?ieueii-ecia?eoaeueiie aiia?aoo?u
56

7.5.Iaoiaeeea ?aaoee?iaee
57

7.6.Eiio?ieue ia?aiao?ia iinea ?aiiioa
59

Caeeth/aiea
62

Eeoa?aoo?a
63

AAAAeAIEA

Eiiaoe aeaayoiaaeoeaoiai aaea iciaiaiiaaeny iiauie ioe?uoeyie e
ecia?aoaieyie. Oae , a 1873 aiaeo ?onneei o/aiui A.I.Eaaeuaeiui auea
ecia?aoaia yeaeo?e/aneay eaiia iaeaeeaaiey , auee ioe?uou yaeaiey
aioo?aiiaai e aiaoiaai oioiyooaeoa , caeiiu eioi?iai onoaiiaeaiu
A.A.Noieaoiaui a 1888 aiaeo.

A yoi a?aiy iiyaeeenue ia?aua i?iaeou oaeaaeceiiiuo nenoai. Iaeei ec ieo
aue i?aaeeiaeai a 1875 a. aia?eeaioeai Aeae. Ea?e. A i?iaeoa
i?aaeiieaaaeinue ?aneeaaeuaaoue ia?aaeaaaaiia ecia?aaeaiea ia aieueoia
/enei iaeuo ii ?acia?ai ioaeaeueiuo yeaiaioia , eaaeaeue ec eioi?uo
oa?aeoa?eciaaeny ii?aaeaeaiiie y?einoueth. Ec-ca neiaeiinoe ?aaeecaoeee
nenoaia ia iaoea i?aeoe/aneiai i?eiaiaiey.

Neaaeothuea i?iaeou oaeaaeceiiiuo nenoai auee i?aaeeiaeaiu ii/oe
iaeiia?aiaiii e iacaaeneii ae?oa io ae?oaa a 1879 a. ii?ooaaeueneei
o/aiui Aea-Iaeaa e a 1880 a. ?onneei o/aiui I.E.Aaoiaoueaaui. A yoeo
i?iaeoao niaea?aeaeanue eaeay iineaaeiaaoaeueiie ia?aaea/e ecia?aaeaiey
ii yeaiaioai , o.a. eaeay ?acaa?oee ecia?aaeaiey.

Iaeaieaa niaa?oaiiia yeaeo?iiiia oaeaaeaeaiea auei aiaae?aii eeoue iinea
?ac?aaioee yeaeo?iiiuo i?aia?aciaaoaeae iioe/aneiai ecia?aaeaiey a
yeaeo?e/aneee neaiae-ia?aaeathueo oaeaaeceiiiuo o?oaie.

Iiaue ea/anoaaiiue nea/ie a ?acaeoee oaeaaeaeaiey i?iecioae a 1967 aiaeo
, eiaaea iiyaeeinue ?aaoey?iia oeaaoiia oaeaaeaeaiea.

A ianoiyuaa a?aiy auioneaaony iiiaeanoai iiaeaeae oaeaaeci?ia.N eaaeaeui
auioneii iie oniaa?oainoaothony . Iniiaiua iai?aaeaiey
oniaa?oainoaiaaiey oaeaaeci?ia naycaiu n oaaee/aieai eo ooieoeeiiaeueiuo
aiciiaeiinoae e oaeianoaa oi?aaeaiey , n iiauoaieai iaaeaaeiinoe e
oiaiueoaieai iio?aaeyaiie yia?aee . Aeey yoeo oeaeae auee ?ac?aaioaiu
neaaeothuea ono?ienoaa : aeaoonoaiaea?oiua iiaeoee oeaaoiinoe ,
i?eaiaeiua aeey i?eaia neaiaeia , eiaee?iaaiiuo eae ii nenoaia NAEAI ,
oae e ii nenoaia IAE; iiaeoee ?aaeeieaiaea , ?ann/eoaiiua ia i?eai
neaiaeia aauaoaeueiiai oaeaaeaeaiey ii ?inneeneiio e
caiaaeii-aa?iiaeneiio noaiaea?oai ; aani?iaiaeiia aeenoaioeeiiiia
oi?aaeaiea ia eio?ae?aniuo eo/ao ; iiaeoeue auai?a i?ia?aii ia ainaiue
eaiaeia e aieueoa n oeeo?iaie eiaeeeaoeeae eaaeaeiai ec ieo ; ieaoa
aiaoiae eiiiooaoeee , i?aaeiacia/aiiay aeey iiaeniaaeeiaiey
aeaeaiiaaieoioiia eee eiiiuethoa?a ; iiaeoeue eaae?iaie ?acaa?oee ia
iee?inoaiao ; iiaeoeue ni no?i/iui o?ainoi?iaoi?ii , auiieiythuei
iaeiia?aiaiii ooieoeee oiiiaeeoaey iai?yaeaiey n ?aaoeyoi?aie
oieone?iaee e onei?ythuaai iai?yaeaiey ; eiioeueniue enoi/iee ieoaiey ,
aaea iee?inoaia oi?aaeyao ?aaioie eeth/aaiai eaneaaea ; iiaeoeue
aeaaeo?iiai ?aaeeia . Iaoee naia i?eiaiaiea a oaeaaeci?ao e oaeea
oniaa?oainoaiaaiey , eae ono?ienoai aaoiiaoe/aneiai iiaeaea?aeaiey
aaeaina aaeiai oeaaoa a i?ioeanna yenieoaoaoeee , /oi niinianoaoao
i?aaeeueiinoe aini?iecaaaeaiey iniiaiuo oeaaoia , ono?ienoai aaoaiey
ye?aia eeianeiia i?e auoiaea ec no?iy eaae?iaie ?acaa?oee e ono?ienoai
ioeeth/aiey oaeaaeci?a io yeaeo?e/aneie naoe a aaa?eeiuo neooaoeeyo e
iinea ieii/aiey oaeaaeceiiiuo ia?aaea/ . Eannaoii iiaeoeueiay
eiino?oeoeey oaeaaeci?ia iicaieyao i?iecaiaeeoue caiaio iaeiiai eee
ianeieueeeo iiaeoeae , nio?aiyy iaeciaiiuie ana inoaeueiua .

A ianoiyuaa a?aiy ?anoe?eeny anni?oeiaio ia?aiiniuo oaeaaeci?ia n
?acia?aie ye?aia 25 , 32 e 42 ni . , oaeaea oieueei ia/eiaaony auione
oeaaoiuo ia?aiiniuo oaeaaeci?ia n aeeaeeie?enoaeee/aneei ye?aiii .
Inouanoaeyaony auione oaeaaeci?ia oeaaoiiai ecia?aaeaiey iiaeaeae
1OIOeO-32 , 4OIOeO-32 , 4OIOeO-25 . A yoeo oaeaaeci?ao i?eiaiythony
eiioeueniua enoi/ieee ieoaiey n aioo?aiiae noaaeeecaoeeae ieoathueo
iai?yaeaiee , ono?ienoaa naini?iiai auai?a i?ia?aii .

YEIIIIE*ANEAss *ANOUe

1.I?AAIECAOeEss I?AAeI?EssOEss

1.1.Oeaee e caaea/e i?iaeoe?oaiiai i?aaei?eyoey

Iniiaiie caaea/ae nicaeaaaaiiai i?aaei?eyoey yaeyaony ?aiiio e
?aaoee?iaea auoiaie ?aaeeiyeaeo?iiiie aiia?aoo?u. Oeaeyie i?aaei?eyoey
yaeythony:

1)i?aaeeiaeeoue ia?aieeanniia ianeoaeeaaiea eeeaioia;

2) aeiaeoueny iaeneiaeueiie i?eauee;

3) aeiaeoueny aunoaai o?iaiy oneoa;

4) ni a?aiaiai ?anoe?eoue eiee/anoai oneoa;

5) iaania/eoue eeeaioai aa?aioeeiia ianeoaeeaaiea.

Aeey auiieiaiey aeaiiuo caaea/ a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue ioaeio ia?aieeaniay
iiaeaioiaea ?aaioathueo, ciaiea naiaai aeaea, iaeaaeaiea iiuoii
i?aaei?eieiaoaeueneie aeayoaeueiinoe a yoie iaeanoe, oiaiea iauaoueny n
eeeaioaie. Aeey yoiai ioaeii i?eeiaeeoue iaiaei oneeee, oae eae
yeiiiieea ?innee naaiaeiy ia?aaeeaaao ii?aaeaeaiiue yeiiiie/aneee
e?ecen, eioi?ue i?iaeieaeaaony oaea ianeieueei eao e oa?aeoa?ecoaony:

1) niaaeii i?iecaiaenoaa;

2) nieaeaieai yooaeoeaiinoe i?iecaiaenoaa;

3) onoa?aaoeie i?iecaiaenoaaiiuie ioiioaieyie;

4) ionoaaaieai io ie?iaiai o?iaiy;

5) iaaeaieai aeeciaiiiai o?iaiy;

6) aeaiaaeii-oeiainiaui e?ecenii, eioi?ue aiciee ec-ca
ainoaea?noaaiiiai aeieaa, athaeaeaoiiai aeaoeoeeoa, ieaoaaeiiai
e?ecena e iiiaeo ae?oaeo i?e/ei.

Aeey eeeaeaeaoeee yeiiiie/aneiai e?ecena iaiaoiaeeii iiauneoue
o?iaaiue i?iecaiaenoaa (aiaae?aiea iiaiai iai?oaeiaaiey,oaaee/aiea
eiee/anoaa iinooiaaiiai nu?uey e ?aai/ae neeu e o.ae.),eeeaeaee?iaaoue
oauoi/iua i?aaei?eyoey, iiauneoue o?iaaiue aeecie, ?acaeoue
eiieo?aioeeth, iaania/eoue naiaiaeo auai?a oicyenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe
e o.i..

I?aaei?eyoea ii ?aiiioo ?aaeeiyeaeo?iiiie aiia?aoo?u nicaeaaony n
oeaeueth iieo/aiey i?eauee e ieacaiey oneoa ianaeaieth. I?aaei?eyoea
“Iieiey” iaoiaeeoueny a ?aeiia Niiaaooae ii aae?ano oe.Ee?iaa.
I?aaei?eyoea “Iieiey” ii ?aiiioo ?aaeeiyeaeo?iiiie aiia?aoo?u (?YA)
niaoeeaeece?oaony oieueei ii ?aeiio Niiaaooae, oae eae yoio ?aeii
yaeyaony naiui aieueoei ?aeiiii ii /eneaiiinoe i?iaeeaathueo ethaeae, a
neaaeiaaoaeueii e /eneo auoiaie ?aaeeiyeaeo?iiiie aiia?aoo?u. ?aeii
Niiaaooae eiaao iaeia /enei ?aai/eo iano, oi anoue ?aeii i?aaeiacia/ai
aeey ioaeuoa e neaaeiaaoaeueii iaa?ocea ia auoiaoth ?YA yaeyaony i/aiue
aieueoie, ec yoiai neaaeoao iaeeaeaoue aieueoie i?ioeaio iieiiie
auoiaie ?YA. I?aaei?eyoea “Iieiey” ii ?aiiioo ?YA caieiaaony
oaoie/aneei ianeoaeeaaieai ?aaeeiaiia?aoo?u, oaeaaeceiiiie oaoieee.
Iaoiae ?aiiioa ?YA eiaeeaeaeoaeueiue, ii oa?aeoa?ecoaony oe?ieie
iiiaieeaoo?ie ?aiiioe?oaiie ?YA. Nouiinoue i?aaiecaoeee i?iecaiaenoaa
?aiiioiuo ?aaio caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi aanue i?ioeann ?aiiioa aiia?aoa
inouanoaeyaony iaeiei ?aaeeiiaoaieeii io ia/aea aei eiioea. Aeey
nieaeaiey ?enea iioa?ue a ianoa?neie aoaeao ?aaioaoue iyoue /aeiaae,
o?e ec ieo ?aaeeiiaoaieee, a i?e oniaoiie aeayoaeueiinoe ooao iiaeii
?anoe?eoue.

Aeey ?aaeeiiaoaieeia e anaai ianeoaeeaathuaai ia?niiaea i?aaeeaaaaony
?aaeei ?aaiou a iaeio niaio n 9 /ania e aei 18 /ania, n ia?a?uaii ia
iaaae n 12 aei 13 /ania. Onoaa iauanoaa n ia?aie/aiiie
ioaaonoaaiiinoueth “Iieiey” eceiaeai a I?eeiaeaiee 1.

?ann/eouaaai iiieiaeueiue oiiae ?aai/aai a?aiaie:

Oi=[Aee-(Aea+Aei?)]*Oni,
(1.1)

aaea Oi – iiieiaeueiue oiiae ?aai/aai a?aiaie, /;

Aee – eaeaiaea?iia /enei aeiae a aiaeo, aei;

Aea – /enei auoiaeiuo aeiae a aiaeo, aei;

Aei? – /enei i?acaeie/iuo aeiae a aiaeo, aei;

Oni – i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue ?aai/ae niaiu, /.

Oi = [365-(104+9)]*8=2016 /.

?ann/eouaaai aeaenoaeoaeueiue oiiae ?aai/aai a?aiaie

Oae = Oi * S * K ,
(1.2)

aaea Oae – aeaenoaeoaeueiue oiiae ?aai/aai a?aiaie, /;

Oi – iiieiaeueiue oiiae ?aai/aai a?aiaie, /;

S – niaiiinoue;

E – eiyooeoeeaio eniieueciaaiey ?aai/aai a?aiaie ?aaeeiiaoaieeaie.

Oae = 2016 * 0,95 = 1915 /.

1.2. O/?aaeeoaee, ooao i?aaei?eyoey

O/?aaeeoaeyie Iauanoaa n ia?aie/aiiie ioaaonoaaiinoueth iiaoo
yaeyoueny iaeei eee ianeieueei oece/aneeo eeoe, eaaeaeue ec eioi?uo
aianao ii?aaeaeaiioth aeieth a onoaaiue eaieoae, eioi?ay ii?aaeaeaia
o/?aaeeoaeueiuie aeieoiaioaie. O/anoieee iauanoaa n ia?aie/aiiie
ioaaonoaaiiinoueth ioaa/atho ii aai iaycaoaeuenoaai e ianoo ?ene
oauoeia, naycaiiuo n inouanoaeyaiie aeayoaeueiinoueth i?aaei?eyoey,
a i?aaeaeao noieiinoe aianaiiuo eie aeeaaeia. Ia i?aaei?eyoee aoaeao
?aaioaao oanoue /aeiaae, oae eae yoi iioeiaeueiia eiee/anoai ?aai/eo
aeey yoiai oeia i?aaei?eyoey. Ia i?aaei?eyoee aoaeao aee?aeoi?,
aooaaeoa?, i?eaiueoea, o?e ?aaeeiiaoaieea , aee?aeoi? oaeaea iiieii
?oeiaiaenoaa aoaeao niaaaeaoue i?aaei?eyoea caianiuie /anoyie,
iai?oaeiaaieai, a i?eaiueoea aoaeao auiieiyoue ?aaioo ia oieueei
i?eaiueoeu, ii e oai?ueoeu.

Ii caaeaiiiio eiee/anoao ?aaeeiiaoaieeia iaoiaeei aiaeiaie iauai
auiieiyaiuo oneoa

* * Oi*Eai

Na = ,
(1.3)

Ia?

aaea Na – iauai auiieiyaiuo oneoa, oo;

* – /enei ?aaeeiiaoaiieeia,/ae;

Oi- iiieiaeueiue oiiae ?aai/aai a?aiaie, /;

Eai – eiyooeoeeaio auiieiaiey ii?i;

Ia? – ii?ia a?aiaie ia ?aiiio iaeiiai aiia?aoa, /.

Iiieiaeueiue oiiae ?aai/aai a?aiaie

Oi=[Aee-(Aea+Aei?)]*Oni,
(1.4.)

aaea Aee-eaeaiaea?iia /enei aeiae a aiaeo, aei;

Aea-/enei auoiaeiuo aeiae a aiaeo, aei;

Aei?-/enei i?acaeie/iuo aeiae a aiaeo,aei;

Oni-i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue ?aai/ae niaiu, /.

Oi=[365-(104+9)]*8=2016 /.

3*2016*1

Na = = 1728 oo.

3,5

Ii?aaeaeyai niaiiia caaeaiea i?aaei?eyoey

Na

Nsm = ,
(1.5)

Ae?aa

aaea Nsm – niaiiia caaeaiea, oo;

Ae?aa – eiee/anoai ?aai/eo aeiae a aiaeo, aei;

Na – aiaeiaie iauai ?aaio, oo.

1728

Nsm = = 7 oo.

252

Ii?aaeaeyai eiee/anoai i?eaiueoe ?OA a ?aiiio

Nni * Iia

*i = ,
(1.6.)

Oni

aaea *i – /enei i?eaiueoe, /ae;

Nni – niaiiia caaeaiea, oo;

Oni – aeeeoaeueiinoue niaiu, /;

Iia – ii?ia ianeoaeeaaiey, /.

7*0,25

*i = = 0,21 /ae.

8

Ec iieo/aiiiai ?acoeueoaoa iiaeii naeaeaoue auaiae,/oi i?eaiueoea a
oa/aiee niaiu aoaeao caa?oaeaia ia 21%.

Ooaoiia ?anienaiea i?aaei?eyoey iieacaii a oaae. 1.1.

Oaaeeoea 1.1

Ooaoiia ?anienaiea

Aeieaeiinoue Eiee/anoai
Ieeaae

/ae.
?oa.

?aaeeiiaoaiee 3
700000

oai?ueoea-i?eaiueoea 1
500000

Aee?aeoi? 1
1000000

Aooaaeoa?(iaaii) 1
400000

1.3.I?aaeiieaaaaiue aeae aeayoaeueiinoe

Iniiaiui aeaeii aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoey yaeyaony ?aiiio e
?aaoee?iaea auoiaie ?aaeeiyeaeo?iiiie aiia?aoo?u, a iniiaiii ia?aiiniuo
oaeaaeci?ia, oaeaea ni a?aiaiai iiaeii i?aaieciaaoue ia i?aaei?eyoee
iaaacei ii oi?aiaea aiia?aoo?ie. Ana oneoae, e?iia aa?aioeeiiai
ianeoaeeaaiey, i?aaeeaaaaiua ia i?aaei?eyoee ieaoiua.

2.I?IAEOE?IAAIEA I?AAeI?EssOEss

2.1.Auai? e iainiiaaiea eiee/anoaa ?aai/eo iano

Oae eae ?aeii ?aniieiaeaiey ianoa?neie iee?i?aeii “Niiaaooae” , oi
i?eia?iia eiee/anoai ianaeaiey n aiia?aoo?ie ecaanoii.Iiaeii ?anc/eoaoue
iaueai auiieiyaiuo oneoa, anee ia i?aaei?eyoee aoaeao 3 ?aaeeiiaoaieea,
a niaio iie aoaeoo auiieiyoue ii 6 ?aiiioia, oae eae ii?ia ia ?aiiio 3,5
/ana, aeeeoaeueiinoue niaiu 8 /ania, a eiee/anoai niai a aiaeo 252, oi a
aiae iie aoaeoo auiieiyoue i?eia?ii 1600 ?aiiioia. ?an/ao eiee/anoaa
?aai/eo iano i?eaaaeai a iiae?acaeaea 1.2.

2.2.?an/ao ieiuaaeae

I?e auai?a ieiuaaee nicaeaaaaiiai i?aaei?eyoey ii ?aiiioo
?aaeei-oaeaaiia?aoo?u neaaeoao iieueciaaoueny ii?iaie ieiuaaeae NIeI
I-80-75. Aeey ?aiiioa ia?aiiniuo oaeaaeci?ia ieiuaaeue oeaoa aoaeao 51
i2. A ianoa?neie 10 i2 aoaeao caieiaoue iiiauaiea i?eaiueea, 10 i2
aoaeao caieiaoue neeaae aioiaie i?iaeoeoeee, 15 i2 aoaeoo caieiaoue
aee?aeoi? e aooaaeoa?. Iauay ieiuaaeue i?aaei?eyoey aoaeao
ninoaaeyoue 86 i2.

Ii?aaeaeyai eiee/anoai oai?ueeia enoiaey ec ieiuaaee i?aaei?eyoey.

Si?

*oa = ,
(1.7)

Ioa

aaea *oa – /enei oai?ueeia, /ae;

Si? – ieiuaaeue i?aaei?eyoey, i2;

Ioa – ii?ia ieiuaaee aeey oai?ee iaeiei oai?ueeii a niaio,i2.

86

*oa = = 0,19 /ae.

450

Iieo/aiiay oeeo?a icia/aao /oi ia iaeiiai oai?ueea aoaeao
i?eoiaeeoueny eeoue 19% io ii?iu ieiuaaee oai?ee. Iiyoiio oeaeaniia?acii
aoaeao auiieiaiea iaeiei /aeiaaeii iaycaiinoe oai?ueea e i?eaiueea.

2.3.Iniauaiea ?aai/eo iano

?aai/aa ianoi-yoi /anoue i?iecaiaenoaaiiie ieiuaaee ianoa?neie eee
aoaeuea, i?aaeiacia/aiiay aeey auiieiaiey yeaeo?iiiioaaeiuo ?aaio. Iii
iniauaii iaiaoiaeeiui iai?oaeiaaieai, eino?oiaioii, i?eniiniaeaieyie,
oaoie/aneie aeieoiaioaoeeae e ae?oaeie iaoa?eaeueii-oaoie/aneeie
n?aaenoaaie e aeieaeii iaania/eaaoue iaeneiaeueiua oaeianoaa aeey
?aaiou ?aaeeiiaoaieea, oae eae io yoiai caaenyo ea/anoai e n?iee
auiieiaiey ?aiiioiuo ?aaio. Oa?aeoa? ?aaio naiaeeony a iniiaiii e
yeaeo?iiiioaaeo, aeaiiioaaeo, e caiaia aeaoaeae, nai?ea e ?aaoee?iaea,
e i?iaa?ea ecaeaeey ia ?aaioiniiniaiinoue e niioaaonoaea aai
oa?aeoa?enoee e ia?aiao?ia nouanoaothuei ii?iai. Aeey ianoa?neie aua?ai
?aai/ee noie (aa?noae) N?I-69A aeey auiieiaiey yeaeo?iiiioaaeiuo ?aaio,
ca eioi?ui iiaeii ?aaioaoue neaey. ?aiiio i?iecaiaeeony ca
niaoeeaeueii iai?oaeiaaiiui noieii ?aaeeiiaoaieea N?I-69A.
Niaea?aeaiea noiea ?aaeeiiaoaiieea i?eaaaeaii a oaae.2.1.

Oaaeeoea 2.1.

Niaea?aeaiea noiea ?aaeeiiaoaieea

Ia?aiao?u
Cia/aiea

Aieueoiao? iinoiyiiiai iai?yaeaiey

n i?aaeaeii,A.
0 – 250

Ia?aiaiiia iai?yaeaiea /anoioie 50 Aoe

?icaoea ni nooiai/aoie

?aaoee?iaeie iai?yaeaiey,A. 185 – 250

Aieueoiao? ia?aiaiiiai iai?yaeaiey

n i?aaeaeii,A. 0
– 250

*aou?a ?icaoee ia?aiaiiiai iai?y

aeaiey,A,Aoe.
220,50

?icaoea aeey iayeueieea,A. 36

Aiacaei iinoiyiiiai iai?yaeaiey,A. 1 – 15

Aiacaei “aioaiia”

?aai/aa ianoi ?aaeeiiaoaieea oaeaea aeeth/aao a naay: nooe,
noie-oaeaaeeo, noaeeaae aeey i?iaiia io?aiiioe?iaaiiuo aiia?aoia,
iaaeeoeeineoth aioa/eo e n?aaenoaa iiaea?ioooaiey.

Noie ?aaeeiiaoaieea ecia?aaeai ia ?en.2.1.

Noie ?aaeeiiaoaieea N?I-69A (aeae nia?aaee)

1-i?eai?iay iaiaeue; 2-oieaa?naeueiue aeie ieoaiey; 3-auaeaeaeiua yueee;
4-aea?aeaoaeue iayeueieea; 5-?aai/ay iiaa?oiinoue noiea; 6-ca?eaei;
7-iieea;

?en.2.1

Ieiuaaeue aa?oiae e?uoee noiea aeieaeia auoue oaeie, /oiau ia
iae naiaiaeii ?aciauaeenue ?aiiioe?oaiay aiia?aoo?a, iayeueiee,
iiioaaeiue eino?oiaio e ecia?eoaeueiua i?eai?u. E?uoea noiea iie?uaaaony
ecieyoeeiiiui iaoa?eaeii (eeiieaoi, aaoeiaen eee ?aceia). A yueeao noiea
?aciauathony eino?oiaio, iiioaaeiua i?iaiaea e ?aiiioi-yenieoaoaoeeiiiua
iaoa?eaeu, e?aiaaeiua aeaoaee (aeiou, aaeee, oaeau, caeeaiee),
iaoa?eaeu aeey iaeee, /a?oaaee, ni?aai/iay eeoa?aoo?a, oaoie/aneay
aeieoiaioaoeey, oaoiieiae/aneea ea?ou e o.i. Ia caueoiie noaiea
oe?aieaii ca?eaei aeey oaeianoaa iaaethaeaiey ecia?aaeaiey ia ye?aia
eeianeiia i?e ?aiiioa. Aeie ieoaiey noiea, a ninoaa eioi?iai aoiaeeo
?acaeaeeoaeueiue o?ainoi?iaoi?, aaoio?ainoi?iaoi? e o?aicenoi?iue
aeie ieoaiey, ?aniieiaeai ni?aaa iiae noieaoieoeae. Ia i?eai?iie
iaiaee, onoaiiaeaiiie ia caueoiie noaiea, niiioe?iaaiu aiacaea aeey
iiaea/e iai?yaeaiey ieoaiey ia oaeaaeci?, i?eai?u, iayeueiee e oe?aieaiu
ecia?eoaeueiua i?eai?u. Anee iauaai inaauaiey iaaeinoaoi/ii, iaae
noieii onoaiaaeeaatho aeiiieieoaeueiue naaoeeueiee. Aeey ?aiiioa e
?aaoee?iaee oaeaaeci?ia aeey eaaeaeiai ?aaeeiiaoaieea ioaeai eiiieaeo
i?eai?ia, ?yae yeaeo?iecia?eoaeueiuo i?eai?ia, eioi?ua i?eaaaeaiu a
oaae. 2.2

Oaaeeoea 2.2

Ia?a/aiue iai?oaeiaaiey e EEA

Iaeiaiiaaiea Eie-ai, Iiuiinoue, Oeaia,
Noieiinoue,

iai?oaeiaaiey oo. Ao oun.
oun.

EEA
?oa. ?oa.

1.Iayeueiee 3 120
40000 120000

2.Oanoa? Oe4341 3
300000 900000

3. TR-0836 3 15
1000000 3000000

4.EA*O O1-50 3 90 740000
2220000

5.Inoeeeeia?ao

N1-72 3 90
500000 1500000

Eoiai: 15 315
2580000 7740000

2.4.Oneiaey o?oaea. Io?aia o?oaea

I?aaiecaoeey e oeo/oaiea oneiaee o?oaea ia ?aai/ai ianoa yaeyaony
iaeiei ec aaaeiaeoeo ?aca?aia i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea e
yeiiiie/aneie yooaeoeaiinoe i?iecaiaenoaa, a oaeaea aeaeueiaeoaai
?acaeoey naiiai ?aai- oathuaai /aeiaaea. A yoii aeaaiia i?iyaeaiea
nioeeaeueiiai e yeiiiie/aneiai cia/aiey i?aaiecaoeee e oeo/oaiey oneiaee
o?oaea. Nicaeaiea oneiaee o?oaea aeey nenoaiaoe/aneiai ?inoa
i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe aai yaeyaony aaaeiie caaea/ae i?iecaiaenoaa, a a
/anoe i?aaiecaoeee o?oaea eniieuecothony i?ia?anneaiua aai oi?iu e
iaoiaeu, ia iao/iie iniiaa iaania/eaathuea nieaeaiea o?oaeiauo cao?ao e
o?oaeiaie yia?aee ?aaioathueo iooai aiaae?aiey a i?iecaiaenoai
ia?aaeiaie oaoieee e oaoiieiaee, eneeth/ay /?acia?ioth eioaineoeeaoeeth
o?oaea. Yoi nicaeaao a eiia/iii eoiaa i?aaeiinueee aeey o?oaea, eioi?ue
aoaeao i?eiineoue /aeiaaeo iiaeeeiiia oai?/aneia oaeiaeaoai?aiea e
aoaeao oaaee/eaaoue i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue o?oaea. Aeey nicaeaiey
iioeiaeueiuo oneiaee ia ?aai/ai ianoa iaiaoiaeeii, /oiau ia
nicaeaaaaiii i?aaei?eyoee auee onoaiiaeaiu iioeiaeueiua iieacaoaee
yoeo oneiaee aeey eaaeaeiai aeaea i?iecaiaenoaa, ninoiyuea ec aeaiiuo,
oa?aeoa?ecothueo i?iecaiaenoaaiioth n?aaeo. A oaae. 2.3 i?eaaaeaiu
iioeiaeueiua iieacaoaee naieoa?iiaeaeaie/aneie ianoaiiaee eioi?ua
aoaeoo onoaiiaeaiu a i?aaiecoaiie ianoa?neie.

Oaaeeoea 2.3.

Iioeiaeueiua iieacaoaee naieoa?iie ianoaiiaee a ianoa?neie

Iieacaoaeue Oieiaeiia a?aiy Oaieia
a?aiy

oaiia?aoo?a aicaeooa,0N 20-23
22-25

nei?inoue aeaeaeaiey

aicaeooa , i/n ,ia aieaa 0,2
0,2

?aioaaiianeia

eceo/aiea, i?// 0,288
0,288

ioiineoaeueiay aeaaeiinoue

aicaeooa , % 40-60
60-80

E iaeiiio ec nouanoaaiiuo iieacaoaeae iioeiaeueiuo oneiaee
o?oaea iaiaoiaeeii ioianoe e ?aoeeiiaeueiia ieoaiea ?aaioathuaai, n
iiiiuueth eioi?iai i?ienoiaeeo iiiieiaiea yia?aee aeey iaiaoiaeeiie
aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe /aeiaaea. Aeey ii?iaeueiiai ooieoeeiie?iaaiey
i?aaiecia ieuaaie ?aoeeii ?aaioathuaai ia aeieaeai i?aauoaoue aieueoa,
/ai ia 5 % aai nooi/iuo yia?aicao?ao, eia/a iiaeao i?eaanoe e ia?ooaieth
iaiaia, iiyaeaieth ecauoi/iiai aana e ?acaeoeth aoa?ineea?ica.
Eaei?eeiinoue nooi/iiai ieuaaiai ?aoeeiia ii?aaeaeyaony ii niaoeeaeueiui
oaaeeoeai, ?ac?aaioaiiui Ieicae?aaii ?innee. Aeey oiai /oiau yoio
iieacaoaeue auiieiyeny aoaeao i?aaieciaai iaaaeaiiue ia?a?ua a oa/aiee
iaeiiai /ana. Iaeiei ec nouanoaaiiuo iieacaoaeae i?iecaiaenoaaiiie
n?aaeu yaeyaony ynoaoe/aneia ioi?ieaiea i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai iiiauaiey,
?aai/aai ianoa, iai?oaeiaaiey e ?aai/aai eino?oiaioa.

*oiau o?oae noae aunieii?iecaiaeeoaeueiui, iaeiooiieoaeueiui,
iaiaoiaeeii, /oiau oaoieea e ie?oaeathuay ianoaiiaea oaeiaeaoai?yee
ynoaoe/aneei aeonai ?aaioathueo. I?e aiaae?aiee o?aaiaaiee ynoaoeee a
i?iecaiaenoai i?eoiaeeony i?iaiaeeoue ?aeiino?oeoeeth iaoei,
eino?oiaioa, inianoee ?aai/aai ianoa, naycaiioth n niaa?oainoaiaaieai
ioaeaeueiuo eo yeaiaioia. Iiiaia iiaeii naeaeaoue n iiiiuueth oaeiai
aeinooiiiai n?aaenoaa eae oeaao. Onoaiiaeaii, /oi oeaaoa iiaoo
aicaeaenoaiaaoue ia /aeiaaea ii ?aciiio, iaeei oniieaeaaao, a ae?oaie
?acae?aaeaao. Ec i?aeoeee ecaanoii, /oi iaeaieaa aeaaii?eyoiue
oeaaoiaie eeeiao nicaeaaony i?e ie?anea iaoaei?aaeoueo noaieia a
naaoei-caeaiue oeaao, oa?ie/aneiai iai?oaeiaaiey a naaoei-na?ue,
aaeueaaie/aneiai iai?oaeiaaiey a caeaii-aieoaie e o.ae. Ia nicaeaaaaiii
i?aaei?eyoee nenoaia ioiieaiey aoaeao aue?aoaia a naaoei-caeaiue oeaao,
noaiu a naaoeua oiia. Ia iaiaa aaaeiue iieacaoaeue i?iecaiaenoaaiiie
n?aaeu-ii?iaeueiue ineoieiae/aneee eeeiao a eieeaeoeaao, io eioi?iai
caaeneo yiioeeiiaeueiia ninoiyiea ?aaioathueo, /oi yaeyaony iaeiei ec
aaaeiuo oaeoi?ia iioeiaeueiuo oneiaee o?oaea, a neaaeiaaoaeueii, e
oneiaee aeey iiauoaiey aai i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe. Ana yoe iieacaoaee
aeeytho ia eiee/anoai i?iecaaaeaiiie i?iaeoeoeee aa ea/anoai e
caei?iauea ?aai/eo. ?aai/aa ianoi aeieaeii iaania/eaaoue aiciiaeiinoue
oaeiaiiai auiieiaiey ?aaio a iieiaeaiee neaey eee noiy eee a
iieiaeaieyo neaey, e noiy e niioaaonoaiaaoue o?aaiaaieyi AINO
12.2.032-78 i?e ?aaioa neaey e AINO 12.2.033-78 i?e ?aaioa noiy. I?e
auai?a iieiaeaiey ?aaioathuaai iaiaoiaeeii o/eouaaoue oece/aneoth
oyaeanoue ?aaio, ?acia?u ?aai/ae ciiu e iaiaoiaeeiinoue ia?aaeaeaeaiey a
iae ?aaioathuaai a i?ioeanna auiieiaiey ?aaio. Aeey nicaeaiey
eiioi?oiuo e aunieii?iecaiaeeoaeueiuo oneiaee o?oaea ia ?aai/ai ianoa
eiaao aieueoia cia/aiea e aniiiiaaoaeueiia iai?oaeiaaiea,
i?aaiecaoeeiiii-oaoie/aneay inianoea, iiyoiio iie aoaeoo
niioaaonoaiaaoue y?aiiiie/aneei o?aaiaaieyi. Aaaeiui iiiaioii a
i?aaiecaoeee ?aai/aai ianoa yaeyaony oaeaea ii?aaeaeaiea caieiaaiie ei
i?iecaiaenoaaiiie ieiuaaee. Iaiaoiaeeiinoue a yoii aeeeooaony oai,
/oiau, ai-ia?auo, yoa ieiuaaeue iicaieyea oaeiaii n iaeiaiueoae cao?aoie
yia?aee, aaciianii e i?iecaiaeeoaeueii aanoe o?oaeiaie i?ioeann, o.a.
niioaaonaiaaea ii?iai oaoiieiae/aneiai i?iaeoe?iaaiey, e, ai-aoi?uo,
/oiau yoa ieiuaaeue ii aaee/eia auea ia iaiaa 4,5 i2 ia iaeiiai
?aaioathuaai. Ia iaiaa aaaeiui aii?inii a i?aaiecaoeee ?aai/aai ianoa
yaeyaony aii?in i?aaiecaoeee aai ianeoaeeaaiey, oae eae io yoiai
caaeneo ia oieueei i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue o?oaea, ii e ?aaeei o?oaea e
ioaeuoa ?aaioathueo, ?eoie/iinoue i?iecaiaenoaa.

2.5. Oaoieea aaciianiinoe i?e ?aiiioa aiia?aoa

2.5.1. Aeey iaania/aiey aaciianiinoe ?aaiou ?aeiiaiaeoaony
eniieueciaaoue yeaeo?iiiyeueieee, ?aaioathuea i?e iai?yaeaiee ia aieaa
35A.

Cai?auaaony i?iecaiaeeoue caiaio yeaiaioia aeiea ieoaiey iiae
iai?yaeaieai yeaeo?inaoe. Aiia?aoo?a, ieoathuayny io naoe ia?aiaiiiai
oiea /anoioie 50 Aoe iai?yaeaieai 220/127 A, aeieaeia eiaoue iaaeaaeiia
cacaieaiea.

2.5.2. ?aaeeiiaoaiee ia ?aai/ai ianoa aeieaeai eiaoue neaaeothuea
n?aaenoaa eiaeeaeaeoaeueiie caueou: eino?oiaio n eciee?iaaiiuie
?o/eaie, aeeyeaeo?e/aneee eia?ee, ia?oeaaieee.

2.5.3. ?aaeeiiaoaiee aeieaeai iieueciaaoueny eino?oiaioii n
eciee?iaaiiuie ?o/eaie.

2.5.4. Cai?auaaony i?iaa?youe iaee/ea iai?yaeaiey a oeaie
“iaene?o”.

2.5.5. ?aiiioe?iaaoue e i?iaa?youe oaeaaeci? iiae iai?yaeaieai
?ac?aoaaony oieueei a oao neo/ayo, eiaaea auiieiaiea ?aaio a
ioeeth/aiiii io naoe oaeaaeci?a iaaiciiaeii (iano?ieea, ?aaoee?iaea,
ecia?aiea ?aaeeiia, iaoiaeaeaiea ieioeo eiioaeoia a ia?aeeth/aoaea e
o.ae.)

I?e yoii iaiaoiaeeii auoue iniaaiii aieiaoaeueiui ai ecaaaeaiea
iiiaaeaiey iiae iai?yaeaiea.

2.5.6.Ecia?eoaeueiua i?eai?u aeieaeiu iiaeeeth/aoueny e noaia
oaeaaeci?a iinea ioeeth/aiey io naoe ooainaeueiui niaaeeiaieai e iinea
niyoey inoaoi/iuo ca?yaeia n yeaiaioia noaiu.

2.5.7. Ai anao neo/ayo ?aaiou n aueeth/aiiui oaeaaeci?ii,
eiaaea eiaaony iianiinoue i?eeiniiaaiey e oieiianouei /anoyi,
iaiaoiaeeii iieueciaaoueny eino?oiaioii n eciee?iaaiiuie ?o/eaie.
?aaioaoue neaaeoao iaeiie ?oeie.?aaeeiiaoaiee aeieaeai auoue a iaeaaeaea
n aeeeiiuie ?oeaaaie eee a ia?oeaaieeao.

2.5.8. Iaeea iiioaaea oaeaaeci?a, iaoiaeyuaainy iiae iai?yaeaieai
cai?auaia.

2.5.9. I?e ?aiiioa oaeaaeci?a aai neaaeoao onoaiaaeeaaoue oaeei
ia?acii, /oiau ecaaaeaoue iieo/aiey o?aai io aiciiaeiiai ac?uaa
yeaeo?ieeoe/aneiai eiiaeainaoi?a.

2.5.10. Cai?auaaony ?aiiioe?iaaoue aiia?ao, aeeth/aiiue a
yeaeo?inaoue a nu?uo iiiauaieyo, a iiiauaieyo, eiathueo caieyiiua,
oeaiaioiua eee eiua oieii?iaiaeyuea iieu. A yoeo neo/ayo oaeaaeci?
neaaeoao iai?aaeyoue a ianoa?neoth.

2.5.11. Cai?auaaony ?aiiioe?iaaoue aiia?ao aaeece cacaieaiiuo
eiino?oeoeee.

2.5.12. ?aai/ea ianoi aeieaeii auoue /enoui e naiaiaeiui io
iinoi?iiieo i?eai?ia.

2.5.13. I?e aeeth/aiee oaeaaeci?a a naoue /a?ac aeie ieoaiey
iaiaoiaeeii oaaaeeoueny a i?aaeeueiie onoaiiaea naoaaiai
i?aaeio?aieoaey.

2.6. Aaeainiaue ?an/ao iaoa?eaeueii-oaoie/aneiai iaania/aiey

Iio?aaiinoue a iaoa?eaeao aeey ?aiiioa e eo noieiinoue iieacaia a oaae.
2.4

Oaaeeoea 2.4

Noieiinoue iaoa?eaeia

Iaeiaiiaaiea Eiee/anoai Oeaia
Noiia

iaoa?eaeia ia 1 ?ai, ia aiae, ca aaeei,
ia aiae,

ea ea
oun. ?oa oun.?oa

I?eiie 0,003 9
10 90

Eaieoieue 0,003 9
10 90

Nie?o 0,003 9
30 270

EOIAI
450

2.7. Niaoa ?anoiaeia ia oiieeai e yia?aeth

?an/eouaaai iio?aaiinoue a yia?aaoe/aneeo ?ano?nao

P

Iy = * Ia? * Na ,
(2.1)

1000

aaea Iy – iio?aaiinoue a yia?aaoe/aneeo ?ano?nao, eAo;

P – noiia?iay iiuiinoue y/iai?oaeiaaiey e EEA, eniieuecoaiuo aeey
?aiiioa, Ao;

Ia? – ii?ia a?aiaie, /;

Na – iaueai oneoa, oo.

815

Iy= *3,5*1728=4929 eAo*/.

1000

Ii?aaeaeyai ieaiiaoth iio?aaiinoue a yeaeo?iyia?aee aeey
inaauaiey

I=(Iono*Oai?*En*Ei,
(2.2)

aaea I – iio?aaiinoue a yeaeo?iyia?aee aeey inaauaiey, Ao;

(Iono – noiia?iay iiuiinoue anao onoaiiaeaiiuo a iiiauaiee
eaii, Ao;

Oai? – n?aaeiyy i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue ai?aiey eaii ca aiae, /;

En – eiyooeoeeaio ni?ina;

Ei – eiyooeoeeaio iioa?ue.

I = 500*4*252*0,7*1 = 352,8 eAo*/.

Ii?aaeaeyai iauai ioaieeaaaiiai iiiauaiey

V=I*I,
(2.3)

aaea I – aunioa iiiauaiey, i;

V – iaueai iiiauaiey,i3;

I – ieiuaaeue iiiauaiey, i2.

V=86*3,0=258 i3.

?anoiaeu ia iiaeaioiaeo e inaiaiea i?iecaiaenoaa i?eieiaai eae 5%
io iniiaiie ca?. ieaou ?aaeeiiaoaieeia

?i = 0,05 * Ci ,
(2.4)

aaea ?i – ?anoiaeu ia iiaeaioiaeo e inaiaiea i?iecaiaenoaa, ?oa;

Ci – iniiaiay ca?ieaoa ?aaeeiiaoaieeia ca iaeei ?aiiio, ?oa.

Iniiaiay ca?ieaoa ?aaeeiiaoaieea ii?aaeaeyaony a % io au?o/ee

Ci = a% * Oei ,
(2.5)

aaea Ci – iniiaiay c/i ca iaeei ?aiiio, ?oa;

Oei – ieaie?oaiay oeaiaiaeiiai ?aiiioa, ?oa;

a% – caieaie?iaaiiue i?ioeaio iieaou o?oaea, %.

Ci = 0,22*70000 = 15400 ?oa,

?i = 0,05*15400 = 770 ?oa.

?anoiaeu ia niaea?aeaiea e yenieoaoaooeeth iai?oaeiaaiey
?an/eouaathony ii neaaeothuei noaoueyi i?eaaaeaiiui a oaae. 2.5.

Oaaeeoea 2.5.

?anoiaeu ia niaea?aeaiea e yenieoaoaooeeth iai?oaeiaaiey

Noiia

Noaouee ?anoiaeia ia
aiae,?oa

1.Yeaeo?iyia?aey ia

oaoiieiae/aneea oeaee 530689

2.Aii?oecaoeey iai?oaeiaaiey 928800

3.Yenieoaoaooeey iai?oaeiaaiey

e o?ainii?oiuo n?aaenoa 2661120

4.Eciin iaeioeaiiuo e

auno?ieciaoeaathueony i?eai?ia 7740000

5.I?i/ea ?anoiaeu
3000000

EOIAI:
14860609

2.8. Niaoa oeaoiauo ?anoiaeia

Iiuiinoue iio?aaeaiey EEA, yeaeo?ieino?oiaioii, iai?oaeiaaieai

?

Iy = * t * Ae ,
(2.6)

1000

aaea Iy – iio?aaiinoue a yeaeo?iyia?aee aeey EEA, iai?oaeiaaiey, eAo;

? – iiuiinoue eniieuecoaiuo EEA, yeaeo?ieino?oiaioia,
iai?oaeiaaiey, Ao;

t – a?aiy ?aaiou iai?oaeiaaiey ca niaio, /;

Ae – eiee/anoai ?aai/eo niai a ?anniao?eaaaiii ia?eiaea.

815

Iy= *8*252=1643,4 eAo.

1000

Noieiinoue yeaeo?iyia?aee ia oaoiieiae/aneea oeaee

Ny = Iy * Sy ,
(2.7.)

aaea Ny – noieiinoue yeaeo?iyia?aee ia oaoiieiae/aneea oeaee, ?oa;

Iy – iio?aaiinoue a yeaeo?iyia?aee aeey EEA, iai?oaeiaaiey, eAo;

Sy – noieiinoue iaeiiai eAo*/, ?oa.

Ny = 1643*323=530689 ?oa.

Aii?oecaoeeiiiua io/eneaiey ?an/eouaaai eae 12% io noieiinoe
iai?oaeiaaiey

Ai=0,12*So ,
(2.8.)

aaea Ai – aii?oecaoeeiiiua io/eneaiey, ?oa;

So – noieiinoue iai?oaeiaaiey, ?oa.

Ai=0,12*7740000=928800 ?oa.

?anoiaeu ia yenieoaoaoeeth iai?oaeiaaiey i?eieiaai eae 10% io
oiiaea iniiaiie ca?ieaou ?aaeeiiaoaieeia

?yio = 0,1 * OCIi ,
(2.9.)

aaea ?yio – ?anoiaeu ia yenieoaoaoeeth iai?oaeiaaiey, ?oa;

OCIi – oiiae iniiaiie c/i ?aaeeiiaoaieeia, ?oa.

Oiiae ca?aaioiie ieaou ?ann/eouaaaony eae:

OCIi = Ci * Na ,
(2.10.)

aaea Ci – ca?ieaoa ca iaeei ?aiiio,?oa;

Na – aiaeiaie iauai oneoa, oo.

OCIi = 15400*1728 = 26611200 ?oa,

?yio = 0,1*26611200=2661120 ?oa.

Eciin iaeioeaiiuo e auno?ieciaoeaathueony i?eai?ia iiaeii i?eiyoue
?aaiui eo noieiinoe

Eiai=Niai,
(2.11)

aaea Eiai – eciin IAI, ?oa;

Niai – noieiinoue IAI, ?oa.

Eiai = 7740000 ?oa.

Niaoa iauai?iecaiaenoaaiiuo ?anoiaeia ninoaaeyaony ii neaaeothuei
noaoueyi i?eaaaeaiiui a oaae.2.6.

Iauai?iecaiaenoaaiiua ?anoiaeu

Oaaeeoea 2.6.

Noaouee ?anoiaeia Noiia ia aiae,?oa

1. A?aiaea iiiauaiey 4500000

2. Io?aia IAAe 7000000

3. Aiaeiniaaaeaiea 25911

4. Inaauaiea 263245

5. Naycue (oae.) 1080000

6. Ioiieaiea 1702800

EOIAI 14371956

?anoiaeu ia a?aiaeo iiiauaiey caaenyo io oneiaee a?aiaeiiai
aeiaiai?a

Na? = Si * Na ,
(2.11)

aaea Na? – noieiinoue a?aiaeu ca aiae, ?oa;

Si – ieiuaaeue a?aiaeoaiiai iiiauaiey,i2;

Na – noieiinoue a?aiaeu 1 i2, ?oa.

Na? = 86*50000 = 4300000 ?oa.

Io?aia IAAe inouanoaeyaony ii aeiaiai?ai Noieiinoue io?aiu
7000000 ?oaeae.

Noieiinoue aiaeu

Na = Sa * *? * Ia * Aeni ,
(2.12)

aaea Na – noieiinoue aiaeiniaaaeaiey ca aiae, ?oa;

Sa – noieiinoue 1i3 aiaeu,?oa;

*? – eiee/anoai ?aaioathueo ia i?aaei?eyoee,/ae;

Ia – ii?ia ?anoiaea aiaeu a niaio,i3;

Aeni – eiee/anoai ?aai/eo niai a ieaiiaii ia?eiaea.

Na = 1371*3*0.025*252=25911 ?oa.

Noieiinoue inaauaiey

Nina = N * Iina ,
(2.13)

aaea N – noieiinoue 1 eAo*/, ?oa;

Iina – iio?aaiinoue i?aaei?eyoey a yeaeo?iyia?aee aeey inaauaiey a
ieaiiaii ia?eiaea, eAo.

Nina = 323*815 = 263245 ?oa.

Noieiinoue oneoa nayce ii?aaeaeyaony ioiineoaeueii aaiiaioiie
ieaou aeey i?aaei?eyoee Iany/iay aaiiaioiay ieaoa ca oneoae nayce
90000?oa.

Nna = N * 12 ,
(2.14)

aaea Nna – noieiinoue oneoa nayce ca aiae, ?oa;

N – aaiiaioneay ieaoa ca oneoae nayce,?oa.

Nna =90000*12=1080000 ?oa.

Noieiinoue ioiieaiey

Ono = V * N ,
(2.15)

aaea Ono – noieiinoue ioiieaiey, ?oa;

V – iauai iiiauaiey, i3;

N – noieiinoue ioiieaiey 1 i3,?oa.

Ono = 258 * 6600 = 1702800 ?oa.

Iauaoicyenoaaiiua ?anoiaeu ?an/eouaaai einaaiii

?ioic = 0,1*OCI+(CIae+CIa+CIoi)*12+I ,
(2.16)

aaea ?ioic – iuaoicyenoaaiiua ?anoiaeu, ?oa;

OCI – oiiae iniiaiie ca?aaioiie ieaou ?aaeeiiaoaieeia,?oa;

CIae – ca?aaioiay ieaoa aee?aeoi?a ca ianyoe,?oa;

CIa – ca?aaioiay ieaoa aooaaeoa?a ca ianyoe,?oa;

CIoi – ca?aaioiay ieaoa oai?ueoeu+i?eaiueoeu ca ianyoe,?oa;

I – io/eneaiey n ca?ieaou
aee?aeoi?a,aooaaeoa?a,oai?ueoeu-i?eaiueoeu (45%), ?oa.

?ioic = 0,1*26611200+(1000000+400000+500000)*12+

+3800000=29261120 ?oa.

Aiai?iecaiaenoaaiiua ?anoiaeu ninoaaeytho 5% io i?iecaiaenoaaiiie
naaanoieiinoe

?ai = 0,05 * Ni? ,
(2.17)

aaea ?ai – aiai?iecaiaenoaaiiua ?anoiaeu, ?oa;

Ni? – i?iecaiaenoaaiiay naaanoieiinoue, ?oa.

?ai =0,05*100435866= 5021793 ,?oa.

3. ?AN*AO OAOIEEI-YEIIIIE*ANEEO

IIEACAOAEAE

3.1. ?an/ao oiiaea ca?aaioiie ieaou

Iniiaiay ca?ieaoa ?aaeeiiaoaieea ii?aaeaeyaony a % io au?o/ee

Ci = a% * Oei ,
(3.1)

aaea Ci – iniiaiay c/i ca iaeei ?aiiio, ?oa;

Oei – ieaie?oaiay oeaia iaeiiai ?aiiioa, ?oa;

a% – caieaie?iaaiiue i?ioeaio iieaou o?oaea, %.

Ci = 0,18*70000 = 15400 ?oa.

Noiia ia aanue iauai

OCIi = Ci * Na ,
(3.2)

aaea Na – aiaeiaie iauai oneoa, oo;

OCIi – oiiae iniiaiie c/i, ?oa;

Ci – ca?ieaoa ca iaeei ?aiiio,?oa.

OCIi = 15400*1728= 26611200 ?oa.

Aeiiieieoaeueiay ca?ieaoa ?aaeeiiaoaieeia ?an/eouaaaony eae 10
i?ioeaioia io iniiaiie ca?aaioiie ieaou

Cae = Ci * 0.1 ,
(3.3)

aaea Cae – aeiiieieoaeueiay ca?ieaoa ca iaeei ?aiiio, ?oa;

Ci – iniiaiay ca?ieaoa ca iaeei ?aiiio, ?oa.

Cae = 15400*0.1 = 1540 ?oa.

Noiia ia aanue iauai

OCIae = Cae * Na ,
(3.4)

aaea OCIae – oiiae aeiiieieoaeueiie ca?ieaou, ?oa;

Cae – aeiiieieoaeueiay ca?ieaoa ca iaeei ?aiiio, ?oa;

Na – aiaeiaie iauai oneoa, oo.

OCIae = 1540*1728 = 2661120 ?oa.

Io/eneaiea ia ainoaea?noaaiiia nioeeaeueiia no?aoiaaiea ninoaaeyao
5,4 i?ioeaioa io noiiu iniiaiie e aeiiieieoaeueiie ca?ieaou

Ino = 0,054*(Ci+Cae) ,
(3.5)

aaea Ino – io/eneaiea ia ainoaea?noaaiiia nioeeaeueiia no?aoiaaiea,
?oa;

Ci,Cae – iniiaiay e aeiiieieoaeueiay ca?ieaoa ?aaeeiiaoaieeia ca
iaeei ?aiiio, ?oa.

Ino =0,054*(15400+1540)=914 ?oa.

Io/eneaiey a iaineiiiue oiiae ninoaaeytho 28 i?ioeaioia io noiiu
iniiaiie e aeiiieieoaeueiie ca?ieaou

Iiain = 0,28*(Ci + Cae) ,
(3.6)

aaea Iiain – io/eneaiey a iaineiiiue oiiae, ?oa;

Ci – iniiaiay ca?ieaoa ?aaeeiiaoaieeia ca iaeei ?aiiio, ?oa.

Cae – aeiiieieoaeueiay ca?ieaoa ?aaeeiiaoaieeia ca iaeei ?aiiio,
?oa.

Iiain = 0,28*(15400+1540) = 4743 ?oa.

Io/eneaiey a ainoaea?noaaiiue oiiae caiyoinoe ianaeaiey
ninoaaeytho 2 i?ioeaioa io noiiu ca?aaioiie ieaou

Icai = 0,02*(Ci+Cae) ,
(3.7)

aaea Icai – io/eneaiey a ainoaea?noaaiiue oiiae caiyoinoe, ?oa;

Icai = 0,02*(15400+1540) =338 ?oa.

Io/eneaiey ia iaycaoaeueiia iaaeeoeeineia no?aoiaaiea ninoaaeyao
3,6 i?ioeaioa io noiiu ca?aaioiie ieaou

Iiaae = 0,036*(Ci+Cae) ,
(3.8)

aaea Iiaae – io/eneaiey ia iaycaoaeueiia iaaeeoeeineia no?aoiaaiea,
?oa;

Iiaae = 0,036*(15400+1540) = 609 ?oa.

3.2. ?an/ao naaanoieiinoe ?aiiioa

Iinea noiie?iaaiey auoa ia?a/eneaiiuo ?anoiaeia ii eaeueeoeyoeee
iieo/ei iieioth naaanoieiinoue

Eaeueeoeyoeey cao?ao ii noaoueyi i?eaaaeaia a oaae. 3.1.

Oaaeeoea 3.1

Eaeueeoeyoeey cao?ao

Noaouee cao?ao Noiia ia iaeei
Noiia ia aiae

?aiiio,
?oa. ?oa.

1. Iaoa?eaeu 260
450

2. Iniiaiay ca?ieaoa

?aaeeiiaoaieeia 15400
26611200

3. Aeiiieieoaeueiay ca?ieaoa

?aaeeiiaoaieeia 1540
2661120

4. Io/eneaiey ia ain. nioe.

no?aoiaaiea 914
1580705

5. Io/eneaiey a iaineiiiue

oiiae 4743
8196249

6. Io/eneaiey a ain. oiiae

caiyoinoe ianaeaiey 338
58544

7. Io/eneaiey ia iaycaoaeueiia

iaaeeoeeineia no?aoiaaiea 609
1053803

8. ?anoiaeu ia iiaeaioiaeo e

inaiaiea i?iecaiaenoaa 770
1330560

9. ?anoiaeu ia niaea?aeaiea e

yenieoaoaooeeth iai?oaeiaaiey 1540
14860609

10.Iauai?iecaiaenoaaiiua

?anoiaeu 8317
14371956

11.Iauaoicyenoaaiiua

?anoiaeu 16933
29261120

I?iecaiaenoaaiiay

naaanoieiinoue 51364
100435866

12.Aiai?iecaiaenoaaiiua 2906
5021793

?anoiaeu

Iieiay naaanoieiinoue 54270
105457659

Naaanoieiinoue iaeiiai ?aiiioa Niie=54270 ,?oa.

Aiaeiaay naaanoieiinoue Niie.a.= 105457659 ?oa.

I?eaueue i?aaei?eyoey ii?aaeaeyaony ?acieoeae iaaeaeo iaueaiii
?aaeecaoeee oneoa aac iaeiaa ia aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue e iieiie
naaanoieiinoe yoeo oneoa

I?=Q?-Niiei.
(3.9)

aaea Q? – iaueai ?aaeecaoeee oneoa, ?oa.;

Ciiei – iieiay naaanoieiinoue oneoa, ?oa.

I?=120960000-105457659=15502341 ?oa.

3.3 ?ani?aaeaeaiea i?eauee

A niioaaonoaee n Caeiiii “I iaeiaa ia i?eaueue i?aaei?eyoee e
i?aaiecaoeee “i?aaei?eyoey i?iaiaeyo io/eneaiey a Ainathaeaeao a ?acia?a
35% io i?eauee (i?e iaiaoiaeeiinoe iiaoo auoue o/oaiu e ae?oaea iaeiae
ec i?eauee).

?ani?aaeaeaiea i?eauee i?iecaiaeeony iinea oieaou i?aaei?eyoeai
iaeiaa ia i?eaueue a ?acia?a 32 % io i?eauee. Inoaaoayny /anoue
i?eauee a ?acia?a 10541592 ?oa. iai?aaeyaony: a ?aca?aiue oiiae (5% eee
527079 ?oaeae), a oiiae nioeeaeueiiai e i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai ?acaeoey (60%
eee 6324955 ?oaeae) e a oiiae iaoa?eaeueiiai iiiu?aiey ?aaioieeia
i?aaei?eyoey (35% eee 3689557 ?oaeae).

3.4. ?an/ao iieacaoaeae yeiiiie/aneie yooaeoeaiinoe i?aaei?eyoey

Iauai i?iecaiaenoaa e ?aaeecaoeee auoiauo oneoa Q? = 120960000
?oa.

Iaeia ia aeiaaaeaiioth noieiinoue.

IAeN = 0,2 * Q? ,
(3.10)

IAeN = 0.2 * 120960000 = 24192000 ?oa.

N?aaeiaaiaeiaay au?aaioea ia iaeiiai ?aaeeiiaoaieea

Q?

Ana = ,
(3.11)

*i

aaea *i – /eneaiiinoue ?aaeeiiaoaieeia, /ae.

Ana = 120960000/3 = 40320000 ?oa.

Aiaeiaie oiiae iieaou o?oaea

OIO = OCI? + OCIae? ,
(3.12)

aaea OIO – aiaeiaie oiiae iieaou o?oaea ,?oa;

OCI? – oiiae ca?aaioiie ieaou ?aaeeiiaoaieeia, ?oa;

OCIae? – oiiae ca?aaioiie ieaou ae?oaeo /eaiia eieeaeoeaa, ?oa.

OIO =26611200+22800000=49411200 ?oa.

N?aaeiaiany/iay ca?ieaoa ?aaeeiiaoaieea C?.n?. = 739200 ?oa.

N?aaeiaiany/iay ca?ieaoa ae?oaeo /eaiia eieeaeoeaa Cae?.n?. =
633000 ?oa.

?aioaaaeueiinoue ?aiiioa

I?

P = * 100%,
(3.13)

Niie

15502341

? = * 100% = 14,7 %

105457659

?aioaaaeueiinoue i?aaei?eyoey

Iaae – Ii?

?i? = * 100%,
(3.14)

Ii + Ia

aaea Iaae – aaeainiaay i?eaueue i?aaei?eyoey, ?oa;

Ii? – iaeia ia i?eaueue, eioi?ue ninoaaeyao 35 i?ioeaioia io
i?eauee;

Ii – iniiaiua oiiaeu i?aaei?eyoey, ?oa;

Ia – iai?ioiua oiiaeu i?aaei?eyoey, ?oa.

15502341-4960749

?i? = * 100% =15 %.

60000000+6500000

Cao?aou ia 1 ?oaeue oneoa

Niiei * 100

C = ,
(3.15)

Q?

105457659

C = * 100% = 87 eii.

120960000

OAOIIEIAE*ANEAss *ANOUe

4.AIAEEC ?AAIOU I?EIOeEIEAEUeIIE NOAIU

AEIEA OeAAOIINOE AOe-10

Aeie oeaaoiinoe oaeaaeci?a “Yeaeo?iieea Oe-431” auiieiai a aeaea
ioaeaeueiiai iiaeoey n i?eiaiaieai /aou?ao iee?inoai D1-D4. Ii
niaea?aeeo eaiaeu oeaaoiinoe e y?einoe , nenoaio oeaaoiaie
neio?iiecaoeee , iao?eoeu neaiaeia ER , EG , EB e auoiaeiua
aeaeaioneeeoaee.

Iieiue aeaeaineaiae , iieo/aiiue a aeiea ?aaeeieaiaea , ia AOe-10
iinooiaao /a?ac eiioaeo 1 ?acuaia XS1 e oeaiue R78 , C2 , iieiue
aeaeaineaiae iinooiaao ia aoiae oneeeoaey-ia?aie/eoaey 1 iee?inoaiu D1
(/a?ac aa auaiae 3). Eiiaeainaoi? N2 n?aaieoaeueii iaeie aieinoe
iooeeueo?iauaaao iecei/anoioiua ninoaaeythuea aeaeaineaiaea. Oeeueo?
ei??aeoeee auniei/anoioiuo (A*) i?aaeeneaaeaiee L3C4R6, iano?iaiiue ia
n?aaeithth /anoioo 4,29 IAoe neaiaea oeaaoiinoe , auaeaeyao aai ec
iieiiai aeaeaineaiaea e iiaeaaeyao aiieeooaeioth iiaeoeyoeeth.

Oneeaiiua e ia?aie/aiiua a oneeeoaea 1 /anoioiiiiaeoee?iaaiiua neaiaeu
oeaaoiinoe /a?ac eeth/aaoth noaio 2 iinooiatho a i?ioeaioaca ia auaiaeu
1 , 15 iee?inoaiu D1. Eeth/aaay noaia neoaeeo aeey iiaeaaeaiey a
neaiaeao oeaaoiinoe iiaeianoueo ai a?aiy ia?aoiuo oiaeia ?acaa?oee.
Oi?aaeaiea eeth/aaie noaiie inouanoaeyaony nianueth eaae?iauo e no?i/iuo
aanyueo eiioeuenia , eioi?ua iinooiatho ia noiie?othuee eaneaae 3
iee?inoaiu D1 /a?ac aa auaiaeu 6, 7 e eiioaeou 5, 6 ?acueaia XS1 n
aeiea eaae?iaie ?acaa?oee (AE?-10). Oneeeoaeue-ia?aie/eoaeue 1 e
eeth/aaay noaia 2 auiieiaiu ia ia aeeooa?aioeeaeueiuo eaneaaeao. Aeey
noaaeeecaoeee eo ?aaeeiia ii iinoiyiiiio oieo i?eiaiaia Io?eoeaoaeueiay
ia?aoiay naycue (IIN) n auoiaea iee?inoaiu D1 (auaiae 15) ia aa aoiae
(auaiae 5) /a?ac ?acenoi? R30. ?aaeei ii iinoiyiiiio oieo caaeaaony
aeaeeoaeai R30, R23, a aeey eneeth/aiey ia?aoiie nayce ii ia?aiaiiiio
oieo neoaeao eiiaeainaoi?u C14, C17.

N auaiaea 15 iee?inoaiu D1 neaiae oeaaoiinoe i?ioiaeeo /a?ac eaiae n
caaea?aeeie ia 64 iee?inaeoiaeu , eioi?oth iaania/eaaao oeueo?acaoeiaay
eeiey caaea?aeee DT2. Ia aoiaea e auoiaea aa aeeth/aiu niaeanothuea
oeaie: niioaaonoaaiii R34, C22, L5 e L6, R43, C30. Caaea?aeaiiue neaiae
oeaaoiinoe /a?ac auaiae 3 iee?inoaiu D4 iinooiaao ia aoiae
oneeeoaey-ia?aie/eoaey 1, eioi?ue eiiiaine?oao caoooaiea neaiaea a eeiee
caaea?aeee e ono?aiyao aiieeooaeioth iiaeoeyoeeth , aicieeathuoth ec-ca
iaoi/iinoe niaeaniaaiey aieiiaiai nii?ioeaeaiey eeiee caaea?aeee DT2.

Iacaaea?aeaiiue neaiae oeaaoiinoe n auaiaea 1 iee?inoaiu D1 iinooiaao ia
aoi?ie oneeeoaeue-ia?aie/eoaeue 3 iee?inoaiu D4 (auaiae 1) /a?ac
aeaeeoaeue R36, R38 e eiiaeainaoi? C27. N auoiaeia
oneeeoaeae-ia?aie/eoaeae 1, 3 caaea?aeaiiue e iacaaea?aeaiiue neaiaeu
oeaaoiinoe iinooiatho ia aoiaeu yeaeo?iiiiai eiiooaoi?a 2 iee?inoaiu D4.
Iie oi?aaeythony eiioeuenaie , eioi?ua au?aaaouaathony o?eaaa?ii 4
iee?inoaiu D1. N auaiaea 12 iee?inoaiu yoe eiioeuenu /a?ac eiiaeainaoi?
C21 e auaiae 16 iee?inoaiu D4 iinooiatho ia aoiae eiiooaoi?a 2. A
?acoeueoaoa ?aaiou eiiooaoi?a ia iaeiii aai auoiaea (auaiae 15 D4)
aeaenoaoao neaiae UB-Y , a ia ae?oaii (auaiae 13)- neaiae UR-Y.

N yoeo auaiaeia neaiaeu oeaaoiinoe iinooiatho ia aoiaeu /anoioiuo
aeaoaeoi?ia 4, 5 niioaaonoaaiii “neiaai” e “e?aniiai” eaiaeia /a?ac
auaiaeu 9 e 11 iee?inoaiu D4. *anoioiua aeaoaeoi?u auiieiaiu ii noaia
aeaoaeoi?ia i?iecaaaeaiee. Iii?iue eiioo? aeaoaeoi?a “neiaai” eaiaea
ia?aciaai yeaiaioaie L10, C43, R53 e iano?iai ia /anoioo 4,25 IAoe ,
iii?iue eiioo? aeaoaeoi?a e?aniiai-yeaiaioaie L9, C42, R54 e iano?iai ia
/anoioo 4,406 IAoe . Naeaea neaiaeia ii oaca ia 900, iinooiathueo ia
aoiaeu /anoioiiai aeaoaeoi?a, iaania/eaaaony n iiiiuueth eiiaeainaoi?a
C38 a neiai e C39 a e?aniii eaiaeao. A ?acoeueoaoa ia auaiaea 10
iee?inoaiu D4 aoaeao oeaaoi?aciinoiue neaiae EB-Y , a ia auaiaea 12 –
ER-Y.

Yoe neaiaeu /a?ac oeeueo?u R65 C47 e R66 C48 iinooiatho niioaaonoaaiii
ia aacu o?aicenoi?ia VT6, VT2 yieooa?iuo iiaoi?eoaeae , a yieooa?iua
oeaie eioi?uo aeeth/aiu oeeueo?u L8 C45 e L7 C44. N iaa?ocie
yieooa?iuo iiaoi?eoaeae oeaaoi?aciinoiua neaiaeu nieiathony /a?ac
iioaioeeiiao?u R74, R70, ?aaoee?othuea eo ?aciaoe , e ?acaeaeeoaeueiua
eiiaeainaoi?u C55, C53 ia auaiaeu 8 , 9 iee?inoaiu D2. Neaiae ER-Y a
yoie iee?inoaia i?ioiaeeo ?aaoee?oaiua 1, 2 e ia?aaoee?oaiue 5 oneeeoaee
, neaiae EB-Y – niioaaonoaaiii oneeeoaee 3, 4, 6.

N auaiaeia 7 , 10 iee?inoaiu D2 oneeaiiua oeaaoi?aciinoiua neaiaeu
iinooiatho ia iao?eoeo neaiaea EG-Y , auiieiaiioth ia ?acenoi?ao R35,
R27, R37, R28, R26. N eioace?iaaiiue neaiae EG-Y oneeeaaaony oneeeoaeai
7 iee?inoaiu D2 (auaiaeu 11, 12). O?e oeaaoi?aciinoiuo neaiaea /a?ac
?acaeaeeoaeueiua eiiaeainaoi?u C25, C26, C29 iinooiatho ia
niioaaonoaothuea auaiaeu 2, 4, 6 iee?inoaiu D3 , a eioi?ie
iao?eoee?othony neaiaeu iniiaiuo oeaaoia. Aeey eo iao?eoee?iaaiey ioaeai
neaiae y?einoe , eioi?ue oi?ie?oaony a niioaaonoaothuai eaiaea.

Ia aoiae eaiaea y?einoe neaiae i?eoiaeeo n eiioaeoa 1 ?acueaia XS1 /a?ac
?acaeaeeoaeueiue eiiaeainaoi? C1 e iioaioeeiiao? R4. A eaiaea y?einoe
neaiae caaeaaeeaaaony ia 0,33 iee?inaeoiaeu n iiiiuueth eeiee caaea?aeee
DT1. Ia aoiaea iia niaeaniaaia n iiiiuueth /anoioii-caaeneiiai aeaeeoaey
, ia?aciaaiiiai yeaiaioaie R79, C34, R3. Ia auoiaea eeiee caaea?aeee
aeeth/ai eiioo? L1 C3 , iano?iaiiue ia /anoioo 4 IAoe , eioi?ue
iiaeaaeyao neaiae oeaaoiinoe a ninoaaa aoiaeiiai iieiiai aeaeaineaiaea.
Oeeueo? L2 C6 , eiathuee ?aciiain ia /anoioa 6,5 IAoe , ineaaeyao iiiaoe
io neaiaea caoeiaiai nii?iaiaeaeaiey. ?acenoi? R17 niinianoaoao
niaeaniaaieth auoiaea eeiee caaea?aeee.

Neaiae y?einoe iinooiaao ia ?aaoee?oaiue oneeeoaeue 8 (ia auaiae 16
iee?inoaiu D2). Eiyooeoeeaiou oneeaiey ?aaoee?oaiuo oneeeoaeae 1, 3, 8
eciaiythony iiae aeaenoaeai iai?yaeaiey , iinooiathuaai n ?aaoeyoi?a
eiio?anoiinoe , /a?ac eiioaeo 1 ?acueaia XS2 , aeaeeoaeue R20, R24 e
auaiae 5 iee?inoaiu. Ianuuaiiinoue ?aaoee?oaony eciaiaieai
eiyooeoeeaioia oneeaiey oneeeoaeae 2, 4 iee?inoaiu D2 iiae aeaenoaeai
iai?yaeaiey , iinooiathuaai ia auaiae 6 iee?inoaiu n eiioaeoa 9 ?acueaia
XS1 e aeaeeoaeue R9, R14.

Iinea oneeaiey a oneeeoaea 8 D2 neaiae y?einoe i?ioiaeeo /a?ac noaio
oeenaoeee o?iaiy 9 iee?inoaiu D2 , eioi?ay oi?aaeyaony no?i/iuie
eiioeuenaie , iinooiathueie n eiioaeoa 8 ?acueaia XS1 , aeeiae VD1 e
eiiaeainaoi? C12 ia auaiae 2 iee?inoaiu D2. Iinooiathuee ia aoiae AOe-10
(eiioaeo 8 ?acueaia XS1) eiioeuen oeenaoeee ninoieo ec no?i/iiai
aanyuaai e neio?iiece?othuaai eiioeuenia. Aeey ioaeaeaiey io yoeo
eiioeuenia no?i/iiai neio?ieiioeuena ia eaoiae aeeiaea VD1 n aeaeeoaey
R12, R13 iiaeaaony oaeia iai?yaeaiea , eioi?ia iicaieyao ioe?uaaoue
aeeiae oieueei no?i/iui neio?ieiioeuenii e i?iioneaoue eo ia auaiae 2
iee?inoaiu D2. A oi?ie?iaaoaea iee?inoaiu 9 ec ieo oi?ie?othony
eiioeuenu , oi?aaeythuea eeth/aaui eaneaaeii noaiu oeenaoeee (aoiaeeo a
9).

Iai?yaeaiea , ii?aaeaeythuaa o?iaaiue oeenaoeee , iiaeaaony ia noaio 9
/a?ac auaiae 14 iee?inoaiu D2. Aeey yoiai eniieuecoaony iai?yaeaiea n
aeaeaeea iioaioeeiiao?a “ss?einoue”, eioi?ia iinooiaao ia iee?inoaio D2
/a?ac eiioaeo 2 ?acueaia XS2 , aeaeeoaeue R10, R31. Eciaiaieai yoiai
iai?yaeaiey ?aaoee?otho o?iaaiue oeenaoeee neaiaea EY e oai naiui
y?einoue ecia?aaeaiey. Iinea oeenaoeee o?iaiy a noaia 9 neaiae y?einoe
iinooiaao ia noaio aaoaiey ia?aoiuo oiaeia ?acaa?oee 10 iee?inoaiu D2.
No?i/iua e eaae?iaua eiioeuenu niioaaonoaaiii n eiioaeoia 5, 6 ?acueaia
XS1 /a?ac ?acenoi?u R1, R2 iinooiatho ia aaco o?aicenoi?a VT1 eeth/aaiai
eaneaaea. Ia aai eieeaeoi?a ia?acoaony nianue no?i/iuo e eaae?iauo
aanyueo eiioeuenia ioaeiiai ?aciaoa e iiey?iinoe. Yoe eiioeuenu /a?ac
eiiaeainaoi? C11 iinooiatho ia auaiae 3 iee?inoaiu D2 e a eaneaaea 10
caiaoeaathony a neaiae y?einoe.

Neaiae y?einoe n caiaoaiiuie aanyueie eiioeuenaie n auoiaea iee?inoaiu
D2 (auaiae 1) /a?ac aeaeeoaeue R32, R33 e auaiae 1 iee?inoaiu D3
iinooiaao ia iao?eoeu 4-6 neaiaeia EG, ER, EB, ia eioi?ua oaeaea
iinooiatho oeaaoi?aciinoiua neaiaeu. Ia aoiaea iao?eoe 4-6 eo o?iaie
i?eaycuaathony e o?iaiyyi, caaeaaaaiui iioaioeeiiao?aie R51, R55, R47 ,
iaoiaeyueieny a eeth/aauo ono?ienoaao oeenaoeee 1-3 iee?inoaiu D3.
Oi?aaeythuea no?i/iua eiioeuenu aeey ieo iinooiatho n eiioaeoa 5
?acueaia XS1 /a?ac auaiae 8 iee?inoaiu D3. Iooai eciaiaiey iai?yaeaiey
oeenaoeee , iinooiathueo ia ono?ienoaa 1, 2 , 3 /a?ac auaiaeu 15, 13, 11
iee?inoaiu D3 n iioaioeeiiao?ia R51, R55, R47, i?iecaiaeeony aaeain
neaiaeia ER, EG, EB, ii o?iaiyi /a?iiai.

N auoiaeia iao?eoe 4-6 neaiaeu iniiaiuo oeaaoia a eaaeaeii ec o?ao
eaiaeia i?ioiaeyo /a?ac ?aaoee?oaiua 7-9 e ia?aaoee?oaiua 10-12
oeneeoaee. Eiyooeoeeaiou oneeaiey eaneaaeia 7-9 ?aaoee?othony n
iiiiuueth iioaioeeiiao?ia R44, R42, R41, iiaeeeth/aiiuo e iei /a?ac
auaiaeu 3, 5, 7 iee?inoaiu D3, e oai naiui eciaiythony ?aciaoe neaiaeia
ER, EG, EB.

N auaiaeia 10, 12, 14 iee?inoaiu D3 neaiaeu EB, EG, ER iinooiatho ia
ieiia/iua aeaeaioneeeoaee (aacu o?aicenoi?ia VT3-VT5). E auoiaeai 11, 13
iee?inoaiu iiaeeeth/aiu iioaioeeiiao?u (?aaoeyoi?u oeaaoiaiai oiia)
/a?ac eiioaeou 1, 2 ?acueaia O?4 e ?acenoi?u R63, R64. Iie iicaieytho
eciaiyoue niioiioaiea ?aciaoia neaiaeia ER, EB e , oaeei ia?acii ,
?aaoee?iaaoue oeaaoiaie oii. Auoiaeiua aeaeaioneeeoaee i?aaenoaaeytho
niaie aeaooeaneaaeiua oneeeoaee n iaiin?aaenoaaiiie naycueth. I?e yoii
o?aicenoi?u VT3-VT5 oneeeaatho neaiaeu ii iai?yaeaieth , a auoiaeiua
o?aicenoi?u VT7-VT9 , aeeth/aiiua ii noaia yieooa?iuo iiaoi?eoaeae ,
nieaeatho aeeyiea aieinoiie iaa?ocee eeianeiia (ii oeaiyi eaoiaeia) ia
iieino i?iioneaiey aeaeaioneeeoaeae.

Aeaeaineaiaeu n auoiaeia aeaeaioneeeoaeae-yieooa?ia o?aicenoi?ia
VT7-VT9-/a?ac aeaeeoaee R67, R58, R68, R60, R69, R62 e auaiaeu 11, 13,
15 iee?inoaiu D3 iinooiatho ia oneeeoaeueiua eaneaaeu 12, 11, 10
iee?inoaiu a ea/anoaa iai?yaeaiee ia?aoiie nayce ii iinoiyiiiio e
ia?aiaiiiio oieo , ii?aaeaeyy iauea eiyooeoeeaiou oneeaiey
aeaeaioneeeoaeae e eo ?aaeeiu ii iinoiyiiiio oieo. Aeeiaeu VD2-VD4
caueuatho ia?aoiaeu aaca-yieooa? auoiaeiuo o?aicenoi?ia io i?iaiy.
Eiiaeainaoi?u C50-C52 , a oaeaea C54, C56, C57 iaania/eaatho
onoie/eainoue ?aaiou aeaeaioneeeoaeae. N auoiaeia aeaeaioneeeoaeae
neaiaeu ER, EB, EG /a?ac eiioaeou 1 ?acueaiia O?1-O?3 iinooiatho ia
eaoiaeu eeianeiia.

Nenoaia oeaaoiaie neio?iiecaoeee aeiea oeaaoiinoe AOe-10 iino?iaia ia
iee?inoaia D1. ?aciiainiue oneeeoaeue 5 yoie iee?inoaiu auaeaeyao
neaiaeu iiiciaaaiey “neieo” no?ie , oae eae a iaa?ocea eiaao eiioo? L4
C19, iano?iaiiue ia /anoioo 3,9 IAoe. Eiioeuenu n auoiaea oneeeoaey 5
n?aaieaathony a oneeeoaea 6 n eiioeuenaie n auoiaea o?eaaa?a 4,
auiieiythuaai ?ieue aaia?aoi?a eiiiooe?othueo eiioeuenia aeey
yeaeo?iiiiai eiiiooaoi?a 2 a iee?inoaia D4. A ?acoeueoaoa n?aaiaiey
neaiaeia a oneeeoaea 6 ia eiiaeainaoi?ao C15, C18 , iiaeeeth/aiiuo e aai
auoiaeai /a?ac auaiaeu 9, 10 iee?inoaiu D1, iai?yaeaiey aoaeoo ?aciua.
I?e i?aaeeueiie oaca ?aaiou o?eaaa?a 4 iai?yaeaiea ia auaiaea 9 aoaeao
aieueoa /ai ia auaiaea 10 , ia 0,4 aieueoa. Yoi iai?yaeaiea iinooiaao ia
eeth/aaie oneeeoaeue 7 iee?inoaiu D1 e ia aai auoiaea iiyaeyaony
iai?yaeaiea 4,5 A. Iii /a?ac auaiae 8 iee?inoaiu D1 e auaiae 6
iee?inoaiu D2 ioe?uaaao oneeeoaee 2, 4 oeaaoi?aciinoiuo neaiaeia.

Anee ia aoiae AOe-10 (eiioaeo1 ?acueaia XS1) i?eoiaeeo neaiae
/a?ii-aaeiai ecia?aaeaiey , oi iioaioeeaeu ia auaiaeao 9 e 10 iee?inoaiu
D1 iaeeiaeiau , iai?yaeaiea oi?aaeaiey ia auaiaea 8 noaiiaeony ?aaiui
ioeth e oneeeoaee 2, 4 a iee?inoaia D2 cae?uaathony. Anee oaca ?aaiou
o?eaaa?a 4 iai?aaeeueia , ?aciinoue iioaioeeaeia ia auaiaeao 9 e 10
iee?inoaiu D1 iaiyao ciae e ia aoi?ie aoiae o?eaaa?a 4 iinooiaao
iai?yaeaiea , iaiythuaa oaco aai ?aaiou. Ea?ou ?aaeeiia ii iinoiyiiiio
oieo iee?inoai e o?aicenoi?ia aeaiu a oaae. 4.1. e oaae. 4.2.

Oaaeeoea 4.1.

Iee?inoaiu

iee?inoaia D1 D2 D3
D4

iiia? auaiaea iai?yaeaiea ia auaiaea,A

1 9,1 4,5 2,4
3,6

2 0 0,5 9,5
0

3 2,5 0,2 5
3,6

4 0 0 9,5
0,1

5 2,5 3,4-5,1* 5
4,3

6 1,1 0-6,4** 9,5

7 0,3 6,6 5

8 6,7 1,6 1,1
4,3

9 6,4 1,6 11,9
6,6

10 6 6,5 7,4
8,4

11 0 4,3 5,5
7,6

12 2,9 7,9 7,4
9,8

13 – 12 5,5
10,4

14 12 5-5,8*** 7,4
12

15 9,1 4,3-5,2 *** 5,5
10,5

16 0 0,65 0
0,2

*-caaeneo io iieiaeaiey ?aaoeyoi?a eiio?anoiinoe;

**-caaeneo io iieiaeaiey ?aaoeyoi?a ianuuaiiinoe;

***-caaeneo io iieiaeaiey ?aaoeyoi?a y?einoe.

Oaaeeoea 4.2.

O?aicenoi?u

VT1 2 0
0,7

VT2 12 9,2
9,8

VT3 74 6,8
7,4

VT4 74 6,8
7,4

VT5 74 6,8
7,4

VT6 12 7,8
8,4

VT7 120 73,5
74

VT8 120 73,5
74

VT9 120 73,5
74

5.EIINO?OEOeEss

Oaeaaeci? eiaao aanea?eanioth eiino?oeoeeth. A? iniiaie yaeyaony
eeoeaaay /anoue ei?iona (ii?aaa), ecaioiaeaiiay iaoiaeii eeouey iiae
aeaaeaieai ec ieanoeea ANA. Ia ii?aaa onoaiiaeaiu eeianeii,
a?iieiaiai?eoaeue, naeaeeoi?u eaiaeia iao?iauo aiei (IA) e
aeaoeeiao?iauo (AeIA), aeie auai?a oaeaaeceiiiuo i?ia?aii (AAOI), aeie
ec /aou?ao iiecoieiauo ?aaoeyoi?ia iia?aoeaiie iano?ieee, auaaaeaiiuo ia
eeoeaaoth iaiaeue, aeie aunieiaieueoiiai oiiiaeeoaey iai?yaeaiey oeia OI
5,5/16-0,6 (iiae eeianeiiii). Eeoeaaay noi?iia ii?aau cae?uaaaony
aeaei?aoeaiie iaiaeueth, eioi?ay auiieiaia ec ieanoeea /a?iiai oeaaoa.

Ia eeoeaaie iaiaee (auoa AAOI) ?aniieiaeaiu /aou?a iiecoieiauo
?aaoeyoi?a ianuuaiiinoe, eiio?anoiinoe, y?einoe e a?iieinoe. Iiae
oeeo?iauie iaicia/aieyie eaiaeia ?aniieiaeaiu eiiiee ia?aeeth/aoaey n
ano?iaiiuie naaoiaeeiaeaie. I?e auaeaeiooii AAOI eiaaony aeinooi e
?o/eai iano?ieee, ia?aeeth/aoaeyi aeeaiaciiia ia o?e iieiaeaiey eaaeaeue
e oeacaoaeyi iano?ieee.

Ia?aeeth/aoaeue aeiee?othuaai ono?ienoaa iiaeao ia?aaiaeeoueny a iaeii
ec aeaoo iieiaeaiee. A aa?oiai iieiaeaiee nieco ia?aeeth/aoaey aoaeao
iaicia/aiea “50Aoe” e eiiieo aeeth/aiey ieoaiey io aeeoioeyoi?a iaaeaoue
iaaiciiaeii (iia caeiio?aia ia?aeeth/aoaeai). Eiaaea ia?aeeth/aoaeue
aeiee?othuaai ono?ienoaa iaoiaeeony a ieaeiai iieiaeaiee, aeaeii
iaicia/aiea “12 A”. A yoii neo/aa caeiio?eaaaony eiiiea aeeth/aiey
oaeaaeci?a io ieoathuae naoe.

Ia aieiauo /anoyo ii?aau cae?aieaiu aeaa e?iiooaeia, e eioi?ui
e?aieoueny e?innieaoa. Iia ecaioiaeaia ec oieueae?iaaiiiai
noaeeioaenoieeoa n aeaonoi?iiiae ia/aoueth e neoaeeo aeey iaoaie/aneiai
e?aieaiey e yeaeo?e/aneiai niaaeeiaiey aeieia oaeaaeci?a. Ia iae
onoaiiaeaiu ainaiue iiaeoeae. I?e/ai iie (e?iia aioaiiiai aeiea) iiaoo
auoue ia?anoaaeaiu ia ia?aoioth noi?iio ieaou, /oi iaeaa/aao
ianeoaeeaaiea e ?aiiio oaeaaeci?a. N yoie aea oeaeueth e?innieaoa iiaeao
auoue ioeeiooa e caoeene?iaaia a ioe?uoii iieiaeaiee.

Ei?ion oaeaaeci?a auiieiai ec oiai aea ieanoeea, /oi e ii?aaa. A caaeiae
aai /anoe onoaiiaeaia niiioe?iaaiiay ieaoa aeiea ieoaiey, ioaeaeaiiay io
e?innieaou niaoeeaeueiui ye?aiii. Iinea onoaiiaee ei?ion e?aieony e
aieiaui e?iiooaeiai n iiiiuueth aeaoo aeioia. *a?ac i?yiioaieueiia
ioaa?noea a aa?oiae /anoe ei?iona eiaaony aiciiaeiinoue iiaeeeth/eoue
niioaaonoaothuee ?acueaiiue niaaeeieoaeue, onoaiiaeaiiue n iiiiuueth
aeaeiai aea?aeaoaey ia e?innieaoa, e aeieo ieoaiey. Caoai yoi ioaa?noea
cae?uaaaony aeaei?aoeaiie e?uoeie ia aeaoo aeioao. Ia aa?oiae /anoe
ei?iona oa?ie?ii cae?aieaia ?o/ea aeey ia?aiina.

Oaeaaeci? nia?ai ia yeaiaioao ioa/anoaaiiiai i?iecaiaenoaa.

Aeiee NEI eee NEAe (a caaeneiinoe io eiiieaeoaoeee oaeaaeci?a)
ye?aie?iaaiu io inoaeueiie /anoe noaiu.

Aeey niaethaeaiey oaieiauo ?aaeeiia yeaiaioia ei?ion oaeaaeci?a nieco e
naa?oo niaaaeai ioaa?noeyie aeey aaioeeyoeee, e?iia yoiai o?aicenoi?u
aeiea ieoaiey, eaae?iaie e no?i/iie ?acaa?oie e?aiyony ia ?aaeeaoi?ao.

A oeaeii oaeaaeci? oaeiaii ?aiiioe?iaaoue, oaeiaai aeinooi aei yeaiaioia
e?innieaou, aeiea oeaaoiinoe, aeiea ?acaa?oie, ca eneeth/aieai
oiiiaeeoaey iai?yaeaiey e aeiea ieoaiey. Oaeaaeci? auno?i niae?aaony e
?acae?aaony. Ia aieueoay ieioiinoue iiioaaea.

6.?AN*AO IAAeAAEIINOE

6.1.?an/ao eiyooeoeeaioa iaa?ocee e eioaineaiinoe ioeacia yeaiaioia
noaiu.

Ey=10-eiyooeoeeaio yenieoaoaoeee.

Ei?=1-eiyooeoeeaio iaeiia?aiaiiie ?aaiou.

E2=1-eiyooeoeeaio eioaineaiinoe ioeacia, a caaeneiinoe io iaoaie/aneeo
iaa?ocie.

E1- eiyooeoeeaio eioaineaiinoe ioeacia, ii?aaeaeyaony ii a?aoeeai a
caaeneiinoe io cia/aiey eiyooeoeeaioa iaa?ocee.

6.1.1.?ann/eouaaai eiyooeoeeaiou iaa?ocie aeey ?acenoi?ia

EiR=?R/?aeii,
(6.1)

aaea EiR-eiyooeoeeaio iaa?ocee ?acenoi?a ;

PE-?aai/ay iiuiinoue ?acenoi?a, Ao;

?aeii-aeiionoeiay iiuiinoue ?acenoi?a, Ao.

Iiuiinoue ?acenoi?a ii?aaeaeyaony ii oi?ioea

?R=U2/R,
(6.2)

aaea U-iai?yaeaiea ia ?acenoi?a, A;

R-nii?ioeaeaiea ?acenoi?a, Ii.

Iauay eioaineainoue ioeacia aeey iinoiyiiuo ?acenoi?ia ii?aaeaeyaony ii
oi?ioea

(iau=(0*Ey*Ei?*E1*E2*n,
(6.3)

aaea (iau-iauay eioaineaiinoue ioeacia aeey iinoiyiiuo ?acenoi?ia;

Ey-eiyooeoeeaio yenieoaoaoeee;

Ei?-eiyooeoeeaio iaeiia?aiaiiie ?aaiou;

E1-eiyooeoeeaio eioaineaiinoe ioeacia;

E2-eiyooeoeeaio iaoaie/aneeo iaa?ocie;

n-eiee/anoai yeaiaioia aeaiiiai oeia.

Aeey ?acenoi?ia IEO-0,125 : (0=0,07; eiee/anoai 60 oo.

PR39=7,92/4700=0,0132 Ao,

EiR39=0,0132/0,125=0,106.

Iauay eioaineaiinoue ioeacia aeey ?acenoi?ia IEO-0,125

(iauIEO-0,125=0,07*1*1*0,4*10*60=16,8*10-6 1//.

Aeey ?acenoi?ia IEO-0,25 : (0=0,07; eiee/anoai 4 oo.

EiR75=0,5 , K1=0,5,

Iauay eioaineaiinoue ioeacia aeey ?acenoi?ia IEO-0,25

(iauIEO-0,25=0,07*1*1*0,5*10*4=4,35*10-6 1//.

Aeey ?acenoi?ia IEO-0,5 : (0=0,07 ; eiee/anoai 3 oo.

PR67=682/30100=0,153 Ao,

EiR67=0,153/0,5=0,306.

Iauay eioaineainoue ioeacia aeey ?acenoi?ia IEO-0,5

(iau=0,07*1*1*0,7*10*3=1,47*10-6 1//.

Aeey ?acenoi?ia IEO-1: (0=0,07 ; eiee/anoai 3 oo.

PR71=462/12000=0,17 Ao,

EiR71=0,17/1=0,17.

Iauay eioaineainoue ioeacia aeey ?acenoi?ia IEO-1

(iau=0,07*1*1*0,85*10*3=1,785*10-6 1//.

Aeey iiaeno?ia/iuo ?aenoi?ia NI3-30e : (0=0,807 ; eiee/anoai 9 oo.

PR41=52/10000=0,0025 Ao,

EiR41=0,0025/0,125=0,02.

Iauay eioaineainoue ioeacia aeey iiaeno?ia/iuo ?acenoi?ia

(iauNI3-30e=0,807*1*1*0,2*10*9=14,526*10-6 1//.

6.1.2.?ann/eouaaai eiyooeoeeaiou iaa?ocie aeey eiiaeainaoi?ia

EiN=UN/Uaeii.?aa,
(6.4)

aaea UN-iai?yaeaiea ia eiiaeainaoi?a, A;

Uaeii.?aa-aeiionoeiia ?aai/aa iai?yaeaiea eiiaeainaoi?a, A;

EiN- eiyooeoeeaio iaa?ocee eiiaeainaoi?a.

Iauay eioaineaiinoue ioeacia eiiaeainaoi?ia ?ann/eouaaaony ii oi?ioea
6.3.

Aeey eiiaeainaoi?ia E50-6-150A ; (0=0,513 ; eiee/anoai 12 oo.

EiN49=120/150=0,8,

(iauE50-6-150=0,2*10*0,513*1*1*12=12,312*10-6 1//

Aeey eiiaeainaoi?ia E73-9-200 A ; (0=0,29 ; eiee/anoai 21 oo.

EiN46=120/200=0,6,

(iauE73-9-200=0,29*0,2*10*1*1*21=12,18 1//.

Aeey eiiaeainaoi?ia EO-1 ; (0=1,64 ; eiee/anoai 23 oo.

EiN50=66,6/80=0,83,

(iauEO-1=1,64*1,1*1*1*10*23=414*10-6 1//.,

Aeey eiiaeainaoi?ia E73-16 ; (0=0,29 ; eiee/anoai 1 oo.

EiN23=0,6/10=0,06,

(iauE73-16=0,1*0,29*1*1*10*1=0,29*10-6 1//.

6.1.3.?ann/eouaaai eiyooeoeeaiou iaa?ocie aeey aeeiaeia EAe522A;
(0=0,452 ; eiee/anoai 4 oo.

EiVD=U?aa./Uaeii.,
(6.5)

aaea EiVD-eiyooeoeeaio iaa?ocee aeeiaea;

U?aa-iai?yaeaiea ia aeeiaea, A;

Uaeii-aeiionoeiia iai?yaeaiea ia aeeiaea, A.

EiVD2=0,5/1,1=0,45,

(iauAeEIAeIA=0,452*10*1*1*4=18,08*10-6 1//.

6.1.4.?ann/eouaaai eiyooeoeeaiou iaa?ocie aeey noaaeeeo?iiia

Noaaeeeo?iiu EN168A ; (0=0,5 ; eiee/anoai 1 oo.

Ei=0,5, K1=0,5,

(iauEN168A=0,5*10*1*1*1=0,5*10-6 1//.

6.1.5.?ann/eouaaai eiyooeoeeaiou iaa?ocie aeey o?aicenoi?ia

?E=URi2/RI,
(6.6)

aaea ?E-iiuiinoue ia eieeaeoi?a, Ao;

Uri-iai?yaeaiea ia iaa?ocea, A;

RI-nii?ioeaeaiea iaa?ocee, Ii.

KiVT=PK/PK AeII.,
(6.7)

aaea KiVT-eiyooeoeeaio iaa?ocee o?aicenoi?a;

PK-iiuiinoue ia eieeaeoi?a, Ao;

PK AeII-aeiionoeiay iiuiinoue ia eieeaeoi?a, Ao.

Iauay eioaineaiinoue ioeacia ?ann/eouaaaony ii oi?ioea 6.3.

Aeey o?aicenoi?ia EO315A ; (0=1,44 ; eiee/anoai 3 oo.

?E=10,62/3600=0,031 Ao,

KiVT1=0,031/0,150=0,25,

(iauEO315A=1,44*10*0,35*1*1*3=15,12*10-6 1//.

Aeey o?aicenoi?ia EO969A ; (0=0,84 ; eiee/anoai 6 oo.

Ei=0,5, K1=0,5,

(iauEO969A=0,5*10*1*1*6=3*10-6 1//.

6.1.6.?ann/eouaaai eiyooeoeeaiou iaa?ocie aeey iioi/iuo yeaiaioia

Aeey eeiee caaea?aeee ECss-0,33 ; (0=0,84 ; eiee/anoai 1 oo.

Ei=0,5, K1=0,5,

(iauECss-0,33=0,5*10*1*1*1=0,5*10-6 1//.

Aeey eeiee caaea?aeee OEC-64-5 ; (0=0,84 ; eiee/anoai 1 oo.

Ei=0,5, K1=0,5,

(iauOEC-64-5=0,5*10*1*1*1=0,5*10-6 1//.

Aeey eaoooee eiaeoeoeaiinoe ; (0=1,018 ; eiee/anoai 10 oo.

Ei=0,5, K1=0,5,

(iau L=0,5*10*1*1*10=5*10-6 1//.

6.1.7.?ann/eoaaai eiyooeoeeaiou iaa?ocee iee?inoai

Aeey iee?inoai (0=0,01 ; eiee/anoai 4 oo.

Ei=0,5, K1=0,5,

(iauIEE?INOAI=0,5*10*1*1*4=2*10-6 1//.

?ann/eoaiua eiyooeoeeaiou caiinyony a naiaeioth oaaeeoeo eioaineaiinoe
ioeacia aeaiiiai aeiea.(Oaae. 6.1)

6.2.?an/ao n?aaeiaai a?aiaie aacioeaciie ?aaiou

O0=1/(NOAIU ,
(6.33)

aaea O0- n?aaeiaa a?aiy aacioeaciie ?aaiou.

O0=1/519,413*10-6=1925 /.

6.3.?an/ao aa?iyoiinoe aacioeaciie ?aaiou a caaeneiinoe io a?aiaie
yenieoaoaoeee aeiea.

?an/ao i?iecaiaeeony aeey aua?aiiuo eioa?aaeia a?aiaie, a i?aaeaea aei
t=1,2-1,3T0

P(t)=e-(noaiu*t ,
(6.34)

P(500)=e-(519,413*0,000001*500)=0,77,

P(1000)=e-(519,413*0,000001*1000)=0,59,

P(1500)=e-(519,413*0,000001*1500)=0,45,

P(2000)=e-(519,413*0,000001*2000)=0,35,

P(2500)=e-(519,413*0,000001*2500)=0,27,

P(3000)=e-(519,413*0,000001*3000)=0,21,

P(3500)=e-(519,413*0,000001*3500)=0,16.

Iieo/aiiua aeaiiua naiaeei a oaaeeoeo 6.2

Oaaeeoea 6.2

Caaeneiinoue aa?iyoiinoe aacioeaciie ?aaiou io a?aiaie yenieoaoaoeee

t, /. 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500

P(t) 0,77 0,59 0,45 0,35 0,27 0,21 0,16

Ii iieo/aiiui aeaiiui no?iei a?aoee caaeneiinoe aa?iyoiinoe aacioeaciie
?aaiou aeiea io a?aiaie yenieoaoaoeee.

P(t),/.

t,/.

?en. 6.1.

6.4.?an/ao aa?iyoiinoe aacioeaciie ?aaiou iinea caiaiu yeaiaioia

Oaoie/aneia ianeoaeeaaiea aeiea i?iaiaeeeinoue iinea yenieoaoaoeee a
oa/aiee 500 /ania, i?e yoii ianeoaeeaaiee i?iecaaaeaia caiaia
o?aicenoi?a EO315A.

(NOAIU=(NOAIU1+(VT1 1//.,
(6.35)

aaea (NOAIU1-eioaineaiinoue ioeacia aac (VT1

(NOAIU=519,413+15,12 1//.

I?iecaiaeei ?an/ao aa?iyoiinoe aacioeaciie ?aaiou aeiea aeey ?aiaa
ii?aaeaeaiiuo eioa?aaeia a?aiaie, ?acoeueoaou caiinyony a oaaeeoeo 6.3.

P(500)=
e-(519,413*0,000001+15,12*0,000001)=0,99,

P(1000)=
e-(519,413*0,000001+15,12*0,000001*500)=0,85,

P(1500)=
e-(519,413*0,000001+15,12*0,000001*1000)=0,72,

P(2000)=
e-(519,413*0,000001+15,12*0,000001*1500)=0,61,

P(2500)=
e-(519,413*0,000001+15,12*0,000001*2000)=0,52,

P(3000)=
e-(519,413*0,000001+15,12*0,000001*2500)=0,44,

P(3500)=
e-(519,413*0,000001+15,12*0,000001*3000)=0,38.

Oaaeeoea 6.3

t, /. 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500

P(t) 0,99 0,76 0,58 0,44 0,34 0,26 0,20

C?aaeiaa a?aiy ?aaiou iiauneeinue ia 525 /ania.

6.5.?an/ao iieacaoaeae ?aiiioii?eaiaeiinoe

6.5.1.N?aaeiaa a?aiy ainnoaiiaeaiey OA

OA=(t1+t2+t3+t4+t5)/5 /.,
(6.36)

aaea t-?aaeueiua cao?aou a?aiaie ia ?aiiio aeieia,

OA=(1+2,5+3+3,5+4)/5=3 /.

6.5.2.Aa?iyoiinoue ainnoaiiaeaiey a caaeaiiia a?aiy P(tA)

P(tA)=1-e-(ta/Ta) ,
(6.37)

aaea tA-ii?iaoeaiia a?aiy ?aiiioa

P(tA)=1-e-(3,5/3)=0,69.

6.5.3.Eiyooeoeeaio aioiaiinoe EA

EA=O0/(O0+OA),
(6.38)

EA=1925/(1925+3)=0,998.

6.5.4.Eiyooeoeeaio oaoie/aneiai ianeoaeeaaiey EOE

EOE=tE?/(tE?+t?+tOI),
(6.39)

aaea tE?-a?aiy eni?aaiie ?aaiou a oa/aiee aiaea;

t?-a?aiy ia ?aiiio;

tOI-a?aiy ia oaoie/aneia ianeoaeeaaiea.

EOE=2000/(2000+3,5+4)=0,996.

6.5.5.?an/ao eiee/anoaa caianiuo yeaiaioia.

?an/ao i?iecaiaeei ia aiaee/iue n?ie yenieoaoaoeee e 1000 aeieia.

tP*NY*n

mY= —————= tP*NY*n*(Y ,
(6.40)

T0

mVT1=2000*3*5,04*10-6*1000=30 oo.,

mVD3=2000*4*0,452*10-6*1000=3 oo.,

mVO3=2000*6*0,84*10-6*1000==10 oo.,

mIN=2000*4*0,01*10-6*1000==1 oo.

7.OAOIIEIAEss ?AIIIOA E ?AAOEE?IAEE

7.1.Aiaeec aiciiaeiuo iaeni?aaiinoae

Ia?a/aiue iaeni?aaiinoae iaeaieaa /anoi ano?a/athueony a aeiea
oeaaoiinoe AOe-10 , i?aaenoaaeaiu a oaae. 7.1.

Ia?a/aiue iaeni?aaiinoae

Oaaeeoea 7.1.

I?eciae iaeni?aaiinoe Aiciiaeiay i?e/eia

Ye?ai naaoeony iaeiei eaeei-eeai oeaaoii, aeaeiu eeiee ia?aoiiai oiaea
?acaa?oie o?aicenoi?u VT3-VT5, VT7-VT9; iee?inoaia D3.

Ionoonoaoao oeaao ia oeaaoiii ecia?aaeaiee iaeni?aaia iee?inoaia D1 eee
D4

Iao /a?ii-aaeiai ecia?aaeaiey iaeni?aaai C1,C5,R17, iee?inoaia D2,
R33,DT1

Ia ?aaoee?oaony eiio?anoiinoue iaeni?aaai aeaeeoaeue
R20,R24,R25,iaeni?aaia iee?inoaia D2

Ia ?aaoee?oaony y?einoue iaeni?aaiu yeaiaiou C20,R31,C23,R10,D2

Iao caeaiiai oeaaoa iaeni?aaia iee?inoaia D2, yeaiaiou C26,VT5,R77

7.2.Noaiaea?oiua iia?aoeee ?aiiioa

I?e i?iaa?ea ioaeaeueiuo yeaiaioia noaiu neaaeoao oaaaeeoueny a
eni?aaiinoe iinoiyiiuo e ia?aiaiiuo ?acenoi?ia eae aiaoiei iniio?ii ,
oae e i?iaa?eie iiiao?ii. I?e eni?aaiii ?acenoi?a iiiao? aeieaeai
iieacaoue iiieiaeueiia cia/aiea nii?ioeaeaiey. O ia?aiaiiuo ?acenoi?ia
aeiiieieoaeueii i?iaa?ytho ieaaiinoue oiaea iiaeaeaeiie /anoe,
ionoonoaea ethooa, ea/anoai eiioaeoa iiaeaeaeiie /anoe n iaiiaeaeaeiie,
cia/aiea ia/aeueiiai nea/ea nii?ioeaeaiey e ae?oaea iieacaoaee.

Eiiaeainaoi?u (iayeaeo?ieeoe/aneea) iiaeii i?iaa?eoue ia i?iaie
iiiao?ii. A neo/aa i?iaiy iiiao? iieaaeao ei?ioeia caiueaiea.
Iiiaeeoaeue iiiao?a i?e i?iaa?ea eiiaeainaoi?ia iaiaoiaeeii iinoaaeoue a
iieiaeaiea “(100” eee “(1000”. Eiiaeainaoi?u aieinoueth a ianeieueei
niouo, aeanyouo, aaeeieoe eee aeanyoeia iee?ioa?aae i?e iiaeiaiie
i?iaa?ea aeatho ioeeiiaiea no?aeee i?eai?a ai?aai e auno?ia aa
aica?auaiea a ia/aeueiia iieiaeaiea e ioiaoea “(“. Ia?aae i?iaa?eie
eiiaeainaoi?a iaeei aai auaiae iaiaoiaeeii auiayoue.

Yeaeo?ieeoe/aneea eiiaeainaoi?u oaeaea i?iaa?ytho iiiao?ii. Aeey yoiai
ia?aeeth/aoaeue iiiao?a iaaei onoaiiaeoue ia “(100” eee “(1000”. Anee
eiiaeainaoi? eni?aaai , oi i?e niaaeeiaiee iiiao?a n auaiaeaie
eiiaeainaoi?a no?aeea nia/aea cia/eoaeueii ioeeiieony, a caoai iaaeeaiii
aica?aoeony a ia/aeueiia iieiaeaiea e ioiaoea “(“. Anee
yeaeo?ieeoe/aneee eiiaeainaoi? iioa?ye aieinoue, oi no?aeea ii/oe ia
aoaeao ioeeiiyoueny. A neo/aa aieueoie ooa/ee no?aeea ioeeiieony, a
caoai iaaeeaiii aica?aoeony aeaai e inoaiiaeony ia cia/eoaeueiii
?annoiyiee io ia/aeueiiai iieiaeaiey, o.a. cia/aiey “(“.

Eaoooee eiaeoeoeaiinoe e ae?innaee , a oaeaea iaiioee o?ainoi?iaoi?ia
oaeaea i?iaa?ytho iiiao?ii. I?e ia?uaa iaiioee iiiao? iieaaeao
aaneiia/ii aieueoia nii?ioeaeaiea. *anoi ano?a/aaony oaeay
iaeni?aaiinoue , eae ei?ioeicaieiooua aeoee, eiaaea ianeieueei aeoeia
ec-ca ia?ooaiey ecieyoeee i?iaiaea caiueathony iaaeaeo niaie.
Ano?a/athony neo/ae caiueaiey iaiioee ia iaoaeee/aneee ye?ai , eioi?ua
oaeaea iaia?oaeeaatho iiiao?ii. I?e i?iaa?ea o?ainoi?iaoi?ia iaiaoiaeeii
oaaaeeoueny a eni?aaiinoe ecieyoeee iaaeaeo iaiioeaie.

Eni?aaiinoue iieoi?iaiaeieeiauo i?eai?ia i?iaa?yaony iiiao?ii. Aeey
i?iaa?ee aeeiaeia iaiaoiaeeii ioiayoue iaeei ec auaiaeia, /oiau
eneeth/eoue aeeyiea inoaeueiuo yeaiaioia noaiu, e ecia?eoue i?yiia e
ia?aoiia nii?ioeaeaiea ia?aoiaea. Nii?ioeaeaiea aeeiaea a ia?aoiii
iai?aaeaiee aoaeao iaiiiai aieueoa, /ai a i?yiii. Oaeie aeeiae eni?aaai.
A i?ioeaiii neo/aa aeeiae ioaeii caiaieoue.

O?aicenoi?u oaeaea iiaeii i?iaa?youe caia?ii i?yiiai e ia?aoiiai
nii?ioeaeaiey ia?aoiaeia. O iaeiiiuiuo o?aicenoi?ia ia?aoiia
nii?ioeaeaiea a nioie e ouny/e ?ac aieueoa i?yiiai. O o?aicenoi?ia
n?aaeiae e aieueoie iiuiinoe ia?aoiia nii?ioeaeaiea a nioie e ouny/e ?ac
i?aauoaao i?yiia. Oaaaeeoueny a eni?aaiinoe o?aicenoi?a iiaeii oaeaea
ecia?aieai nii?ioeaeaiee o?aicenoi?a i?e ioeeth/aiiii eieeaeoi?iii
auaiaea. Aeey yoiai iiiao? iiaeeeth/atho iaaeaeo aacie e eieeaeoi?ii, a
caoai – iaaeaeo aacie e yieooa?ii. A ia?aii neo/aa i?eai? iieaaeao iaeia
nii?ioeaeaiea, ai aoi?ii – n?aaieoaeueii aieueoia (nioie Ii , aaeeieoeu
eIi eee aeanyoee eIi- a caaeneiinoe io oeia o?aicenoi?a). Aieaa
ouaoaeueii o?aicenoi?u i?iaa?ytho niaoeeaeueiuie i?eai?aie aeey
ecia?aiey ia?aiao?ia o?aicenoi?ia eee oanoa?ii (iai?eia? Oe-4341),
eioi?ue iicaieyao ecia?youe cia/aiey noaoe/aneiai eiyooeoeeaioa oneeaiey
e ia?aoiiai oiea eieeaeoi?a.

Aaeueaaie/aneea yeaiaiou, aaoa?ae e aeeoioeyoi?u i?iaa?ytho ecia?aieai
iai?yaeaiey ia ieo i?e ?ac?yaea ia ?aai/oth iaa?oceo (i?e aeeth/aiiii
aiia?aoa). Aiia?iao? i?e yoii aeieaeai iieacuaaoue iiieiaeueiue oie, a
aieueoiao? – iiieiaeueiia aeey aeaiiiai yeaiaioa (aaoa?ae) iai?yaeaiea.
Anee iai?yaeaiea ieaaeaony cia/eoaeueii iaiueoa iiieiaeueiiai i?e
iaeneiaeueiii iio?aaeyaiii oiea, oi yeaiaio (aaoa?ay) ia i?eaiaeai.

7.3.Auai? eiio?ieueii ecia?eoaeueiie aiia?aoo?u

I?e ?aiiioa e ?aaoee?iaea oaeaaeci?ia eniieuecoaony ?yae
eiio?ieueii-ecia?eoaeueiie aiia?aoo?u (EEA) , a? ia?aiao?u iieacaiu a
oaae. 7.2.

Oaaeeoea 7.2.

Ia?aiao?u EEA

Aeae ecia?eoaeueiiai

i?eai?a Iniiaiua oaoie/aneea

oa?aeoa?enoeee

Inoeeeeia?ao N1-72 aeeaiacii /anoio,Aoe
5-10000

ecia?aiea aiieeooae,A 0,04-60

ecia?aiea a?aiaiiuo eioa?aaeia,in 0,0002-500

I?eai? ecia?eoaeue

A*O aeeaiacii /anoio,IAoe 0,4-1000

aoiaeiia nii?ioeaeaiea,Ii 75

/oanoaeoaeueiinoue ii eaiaeo aa?oeeaeueiiai

ioeeiiaiey ia 1 iA,ii 10

aoiaeiay aieinoue,iO 150

Aaia?aoi? eniuoaoaeueiuo

neaiaeia TR-0836 auoiaeiia iai?yaeaiea n iaa?oceie ia auoiaea

“aeaeai” ia iaiaa, A 1

niioiioaiea neaiaea e neio?ieiioeueno 3/7

auoiaeiia nii?ioeaeaiea,Ii 75

Eiiaeie?iaaiiue

i?eai? Oe4341 aeeaiacii /anoio,Aoe
45-20000

ecia?aiea iinoiyiiuo iai?yaeaiee,A 0,3-900

ecia?aiea ia?aiaiiuo iai?yaeaiee,A 1,5-750

ecia?aiea iinoiyiiuo oieia,iA 0,06-600

ecia?aiea ia?aiaiiuo oieia,iA 0,3-300

ecia?aiea nii?ioeaeaiee,Ii 0,5-5000000

ecia?aiea eiyooeoeeaioa oneeaiey 75-350

7.4.Ia?a/aiue iia?aoeee ?aiiioa e ?aaoee?iaee

7.4.1.Iiaeaioiaea oaeaaeci?a aeey ?aiiioa

1)ioeeth/eoue oaeaaeci? io naoe ieoaiey;

2)niyoue caaeithth noaieo;

3)auiooue aeie AOe-10 ec oaeaaeci?a;

4)i?iecaanoe ouaoaeueiue aiaoiee iniio?, ia?auay aieiaiea ia ?acee/ey n
/a?oaaeaie ieaou aeiea AOe-10, ia aeaooaeou iiioaaea e aeaoaeae.

7.4.2.I?iaa?eoue eni?aaiinoue nenoaiu ieoaiey.

7.4.3.I?iaa?eoue ooieoeeiie?iaaiea aeiea AOe-10.

7.4.4.I?iaa?eoue e caiaieoue aucuaathuea niiiaiea ?aaeeiyeaiaiou.

7.4.5.I?iaanoe iieaneaaeioth i?iaa?eo ia i?ioiaeaeaiea neaiaea.

7.4.6.Caia?eoue ?aaeeiu ii iinoiyiiiio oieo ia aeoeaiuo yeaiaioao noaiu
e n?aaieoue eo n i?eaaaeaiiuie ia i?eioeeieaeueiie noaia.

7.4.7.Ono?aieoue iaeaeaiioth iaeni?aaiinoue.

7.4.8.I?iaanoe ?aaoee?iaeo e iano?ieeo: aiieeooaeii-/anoioiie
oa?aeoa?enoeee (A*O) eaiaea y?einoe, oeeueo?a ei??aeoeee auniei/anoioiuo
i?aaeeneaaeaiee , eiioo?a auaeaeaiey neaiaea iiiciaaaiey, noaoe/aneiai
aaeaina , aeeiaie/aneiai aaeaina, iao?eoee?iaaiey neaiaeia oeaaoiinoe,
ioeae /anoioiuo aeaoaeoi?ia.

7.4.9.Eiio?ieue ia?aiao?ia iinea ?aiiioa ia INO 205.031-85.

7.5.Iaoiaeeea ?aaoee?iaee

7.5.1.Iano?ieea aiieeooaeii-/anoioiie oa?aeoa?enoeee eaiaea y?einoe

Ia?aae aeaiiie iia?aoeeae eneeth/eoue aeeyiea eiioeuenia i?eaycee e
eaae?iauo aanyueo eiioeuenia, aeey /aai ioniaaeeieoue eiioaeou 6 e 8 a
?acueaia XS1.

I?e auiieiaiee aeaiiie iia?aoeee ?aaeei/anoioiue auoiae Ecia?eoaey
aiieeooaeii-/anoioiuo oa?aeoa?enoee (EA*O) iiaeeeth/eoue e eiioaeoo 1
niaaeeieoaey XS1 , a iecei/anoioiue aoiae /a?ac eaaaeue n aeaoaeoi?iie
aieiaeie niaaeeieoue n eiio?ieueiie oi/eie XN4. Iinea aeeth/aiey
oaeaaeci?a e EA*O e eo i?ia?aaa ia ye?aia i?eai?a aeieaeii iiyaeoueny
ecia?aaeaiea aiieeooaeii- /anoioiie oa?aeoa?enoeee (A*O) eaiaea y?einoe,
eioi?ia aeieaeii niioaaonoaiaaoue i?eaaaeaiiiio ia ?en. 7.3., anee
oa?aeoa?enoeea ioee/aaony io o?aaoaiie, o.a. ia oeeaaeuaaaony a iiea
aeiioneia, iaiaoiaeeii n iiiiuueth na?aea/ieea eaoooee L1 onoaiiaeoue
oi/eo ?aaeaeoeee ia /anoioo 4,0 Iaoe.

A*O eaiaea y?einoe.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

?en. 7.3.

7.5.2.Iano?ieea oeeueo?a ei??aeoeee auniei/anoioiuo i?aaeeneaaeaiee

I?e iano?ieea oeeueo?a ei??aeoeee auniei/anoioiuo (A*) i?aaeeneaaeaiee
neaaeoao iiaeaoue ia aoiae AOe-10 , eiioaeo 1 niaaeeieoaey XS1, iieiue
aeaeaineaiae ?aciaoii 1 aieueo n neio?ieiioeuenaie io?eoeaoaeueiie
iiey?iinoe, niioaaonoaothuee ecia?aaeaieth oeaaoiuo iiein. Iiaeeeth/eoue
aoiae inoeeeeia?aoa /a?ac aeaeeoaeueioth aieiaeo 1:10 e eiio?ieueiie
oi/ea XN1. Iaaethaeay inoeeeeia?aiio neaiaea oeaaoiinoe, na?aea/ieeii
eaoooee L3 aeiaeoueny ieieiaeueii aiciiaeiiai o?iaiy aiieeooaeiie
iiaeoeyoeee, i?e eioi?ii ?acieoea iaaeaeo iaeneiaeueiui e ieieiaeueiii
?aciaoaie ia i?aauoaao 20%.

Inoeeeeia?aiia oeeueo?a ei??aeoeee A* i?aaeeneaaeaiee i?eaaaeaia ia
?en.7.4.

?en. 7.4.

7.5.3.Iano?ieea eiioo?a auaeaeaiey neaiaea iiiciaaaiey

Ia aoiae “aeaeai” iiaeaoue neaiae “oeaaoiua iieinu”. N iiiiuueth
inoeeeeia?aoa , iiaeeeth/aiiiai e eiio?ieueiie oi/ea XN3 /a?ac
aeaeeoaeueioth aieiaeo 1:10 , iaaethaeaaony inoeeeeia?aiia neaiaea
iiiciaaaiey (ni. ?en. 7.5.). Na?aea/ieeii eaoooee L4 ioaeii onoaiiaeoue
iaeneiaeueiue ?aciao yoiai neaiaea (ii aeieaeai auoue ia iaiaa 2
aieueo).

Inoeeeeia?aiia neaiaea iiiciaaaiey

?en. 7.5.

7.5.4.?aaoee?iaea noaoe/aneiai aaeaina aaeiai

Oeaiue ?aaoee?iaee noaoe/aneiai aaeaina ninoieo a iieo/aiee ia auoiaea
AOe-10 oaeeo iai?yaeaiee ia o?iaia /a?iiai , i?e eioi?uo eiiiaine?oaony
?aca?in iiaeoeyoeeiiiuo oa?aeoa?enoee eeianeiia e iaania/eaaaony na?ia
naa/aiea ye?aia aac eaeiai-eeai iooaiea. I?e iiaea/a ia aoiae oaeaaeci?a
ethaiai neaiaea ?aaoeyoi?ii ianuuaiiinoe neaaeoao aueeth/eoue oeaao.
?aaoeyoi? “Eiio?anoiinoue” ioaeii onoaiiaeoue ia ieieioi , a
“ss?einoue”-ia iaeneioi, ?aaoeyoi?u oeaaoiaiai oiia ioeeth/eoue
ioniaaeeiea ?acueai O?4. Caoai onoaiiaeoue aeaeaeee iioaioeeiiao?ia
R47,R55,R51 a n?aaeiaa iieiaeaiea. Iioaioeeiiao?ii R13 (A1) ia
e?innieaoa onoaiiaeoue neaaia naa/aiea ye?aia. Anee oeaao aai ioee/aaony
io na?iai , oi n iiiiuueth iioaioeeiiao?ia R47,R51,R55 ono?aieoue
ia?aceoioth ie?aneo.

7.5.5.?aaoee?iaea aeeiaie/aneiai aaeaina

?aaoee?iaea aeeiaie/aneiai aaeaina iaiaoiaeeia aeey iieo/aiey ia ye?aia
aaeiai iiey i?e iaeneiaeueiie eiio?anoiinoe. Iaaethaeay ia ye?aia
ecia?aaeaiea iiein , ioaeii aueeth/eoue oeaao, ?aaoeyoi?
“Eiio?anoiinoue” iinoaaeoue ia iaeneioi , a ?aaoeyoi? “ss?einoue” a
n?aaeiaa iieiaeaiea. Iioaioeeiiao?aie R41,R42,R44 ono?aieoue eaeoth-eeai
ie?aneo aanoeaaoiiai ecia?aaeaiey iiein. Iinea yoiai , onoaiiaea
?aaoeyoi? “Eiio?anoiinoue” ia ieieioi, a ?aaoeyoi? “ss?einoue” – ia
iaeneioi , iaiaoiaeeii ?aaoeyoi?ii ?aaeeia niioaaonoaothuaai eaiaea
R47,R55,R51 ainnoaiiaeoue noaoe/aneee aaeain. ?aaoee?iaeo neaaeoao
i?iaiaeeoue aei oao ii? , iiea i?e ethauo iieiaeaieyo ?aaoeyoi?ia
“Eiio?anoiinoue” e “ss?einoue” ia aoaeao ie?anee aanoeaaoiiai
ecia?aaeaiey.

7.5.6.Onoaiiaea ioeae /anoioiuo aeene?eieiaoi?ia.

Ia aoiae AOe-10 ioaeii iiaeaoue iieiue neaiae ecia?aaeaiey oeaaoiuo
iiein eee na?iai iiey. I?e aueeth/aiiii oeaaoa a oi/ea XN7 n iiiiuueth
aieueoiao?a ecia?eoue iai?yaeaiea. I?e aueeth/aiee oeaaoa e onoaiiaea
iaeneiaeueiie ianuuaiiinoe yoi iai?yaeaiea ia aeieaeii iaiyoueny. A
i?oeaiii neo/aa na?aea/ieeii eaoooee L9 ioaeii onoaiiaeoue oaeia aea
iai?yaeaiea. Iiaeiaioth iia?aoeeth iiaoi?eoue aeey “neiaai” eaiaea (a
oi/ea XN8 eniieuecoy na?aea/iee eaoooee L10).

7.5.7.?aaoee?iaea iao?eoee?iaaiey neaiaeia.

I?e ?aaoee?iaea iao?eoee?iaaiey neaiaeia ?aaoeyoi? ianuuaiiinoe neaaeoao
onoaiiaeoue a iieiaeaiea iaeneioia , a ?aaoeyoi?u y?einoe e
eiio?anoiinoe – a iioeiaeueiia iieiaeaiea aeey iaaethaeaiey ecia?aaeaiey
oeaaoiuo iiein. I?aaeeueiiai oeaaoiaini?iecaaaeaiey eo aeiaeaathony n
iiiiuueth iioaioeeiiao?ia R70, R74 , eciaiythueo ?aciaoe
oeaaoi?aciinoiuo neaiaeia. Iinea ?aaoee?iaee neaaeoao i?iaa?eoue
i?aaeeueiinoue iano?ieee ioeae aeene?eieiaoi?ia.

7.6.Eiio?ieue ia?aiao?ia iinea ?aiiioa

Oeaaoiua oaeaaeci?u iinea ?aiiioa i?iaa?ytho i?e ii?iaeueiuo
eeeiaoe/aneeo oneiaeyo e iai?yaeaiee ieoaiey n ioeeiiaieai io
iiieiaeueiiai cia/aiey ia aieaa (2%. Oaeaaeci? ia?aae i?iaa?eie aeieaeai
iaoiaeeony ai aeeth/aiiii ninoiyiee ia iaiaa 30 ieioo.

I?e i?iaa?ea ia?aiao?ia iinea ?aiiioa aeiioneaaony eniieueciaaoue
oieueei aiaoiea i?aaiu oi?aaeaiey. I?iaa?ytho oa ia?aiao?u, eioi?ua
iiaoo eciaieoueny a i?ioeanna ?aiiioa. E iei ioiinyo :
/oanoaeoaeueiinoue o?aeoa ecia?aaeaiey , iaeeiaeiua eneaaeaiey ?ano?a,
naaaeaiea eo/ae, onoie/eainoue neio?iiecaoeee ii eaae?ai e no?ieai,
oeaaoiaoth neio?iiecaoeeth, ?aaioiniiniaiinoue aaoiiaoe/aneie
iiaeno?ieee /anoiou aaoa?iaeeia (AI*A), aaeain aaeiai, ioee /anoioiuo
aeaoaeoi?ia eaiaea oeaaoiinoe, ea/anoai caoeiaiai nii?iaiaeaeaiey.

*oanoaeoaeueiinoue eaiaea ecia?aaeaiey i?iaa?ytho o?aiceoanoii
TR-0836. Ia aioaiiue aoiae oaeaaeci?a io o?aiceoanoa iiaeatho neaiae
ia?ae?aueaathueony iiein (“nao/aoia iiea”) n caiieiaieai /anoioie 4 IAoe
e aeoaeiie iiaeoeyoeee 85% ia i?iaa?yaiii eaiaea. Iano?aeaatho oaeaaeci?
?o/eie iano?ieee aaoa?iaeeia “?o/iay” aei iieo/aiey iaeaieueoae /aoeinoe
ecia?aaeaiey. Iinea yoiai ia aoiae iiaeatho neaiae “oeaaoiua iieinu” e
?aaoeyoi?aie /?einoe e eiio?anoiinoe aeiaeaathony i?aaeeueiiai
aini?iecaaaeaiey iieooiiia. Caoai ieaaiui a?auaieai ?o/ee aooaithaoi?a
o?aiceoanoa nieaeatho o?iaaiue aoiaeiiai neaiaea aei cia/aiey , i?e
eioi?ii i?e niioaaonoaothuae iiaeno?ieea ?o/eaie /anoiou no?ie e eaae?ia
aua aiciiaeii aeiaeoueny onoie/eaie ea?oeiee ia ye?aia. Cia/aiea
auoiaeiiai neaiaea o?aiceoanoa aoaeao ?aaii /oanoaeoaeueiinoe o?aeoa
ecia?aaeaiey.

Iaeeiaeiua eneaaeaiey ?ano?a i?iaa?ytho iaaethaeaieai neaiaea “nao/aoia
iiea”, iiaeaaaaiiai ia aioaiiue aoiae oaeaaeci?a io o?aiceoanoa. Aeaeaa
ecia?ytho ieeeeiao?iaie aoiaaie eee aeaeie i?ic?a/iie eeiaeeie ?acia?
iaeaieaa ?anoyioouo eeaoie AMAX e iaeaieaa naeaouo eeaoie AMIN ,
eaaeaueo a iaeiii ?yaeo aaeece oeaio?a ye?aia. Caoai au/eneytho
eiyooeoeeaio iaeeiaeiinoe, %,

EI=2*[( AMAX- AMIN)/( AMAX+ AMIN)]*100

Iia?aoiinoue naaaeaiey eo/ae i?iaa?ytho i?e iiaea/a ia aioaiiue aoiae
neaiaea “nao/aoia iiea”. I?aaeaa?eoaeueii aeieaeiu auoue aunoaaeaiu
aeiionoeiua iaeeiaeiua eneaaeaiey ?ano?a.ss?einoue ecia?aaeaiey
onoaiaaeeaatho ieaea n?aaeiaai o?iaiy ai ecaaaeaiea ?anoieone?iaee
eeiee nao/aoiai iiey. Cia/aiey ioeeiiaiey eo/ae ecia?ytho ieeeeiao?iaie
aoiaaie eee aeaeie i?ic?a/iie eeiaeeie ia ?annoiyiee 25 ii io e?aaa
ye?aia.

Onoie/eainoue neio?iiecaoeee i?iaa?ytho aecoaeueii i?e i?eaia
oaeaaeceiiiiai eniuoaoaeueiiai neaiaea eee neaiaea “nao/aoia iiea” io
o?aiceoanoa.

Onoie/eainoue ?aaiou oeaaoiaie neio?iiecaoeee i?iaa?ytho i?e iiaea/a io
o?aiceoanoa neaiaea “oeaaoiua iieinu” ia aioaiiue aoiae oaeaaeci?a. I?e
aueeth/aiee ia o?aiceoanoa neaiaea oeaaoiaie neio?iiecaoeee (neaiaea
iiiciaaaiey) e i?e caiaia neaiaea oeaaoiuo iiein ia /a?ii-aaeue neaiae
eaiae oeaaoiinoe aeieaeai aaoiiaoe/anee aueeth/aoueny e ecia?aaeaiea ia
ye?aia aeieaeii noaiiaeoueny /a?ii-aaeui. A?auaieai ?o/ee “/anoioa
eaae?ia” oaaaeeoueny , /oi ecia?aaeaiea inoaaony oeaaoiui a iaeioi?uo
i?aaeaeao ia?aiauaiey ine aeaiiiai ?aaoeyoi?a.

Aaeain aaeiai i?iaa?ytho aecoaeueii i?e iiaea/a ia aioaiiue aoiae
oaeaaeci?a io o?aiceoanoa neaiaea “na?ay oeaea” , niioaaonoaothuaai
aeanyoe aa?oeeaeueiui iieinai n eciaiythuaeny y?einoueth io aaeiai aei
/a?iiai. Ia?aae ia/aeii i?iaa?ee ?o/eo oeaaoiaiai oiia onoaiaaeeaatho a
iieiaeaiea, niioaaonoaothuaa aaeaino aaeiai ia aaeie iieina. ?o/eo
eiio?anoiinoe onoaiaaeeaatho a iieiaeaiea ieieiaeueiie eiio?anoiinoe,
?o/eo y?einoe- a oaeia iieiaeaiea , eiaaea ionoonoaoao naa/aiea oieueei
/a?iie iieinu. Caoai oaaee/eaatho eiio?anoiinoue aei oao ii?, iiea
nio?aiyaony ?acee/eiinoue anao aa?oeeaeueiuo iiein. Oeaao naa/aiey e
y?einoue iaeaieaa naaoeie iieinu aeieaeiu niioaaonoaiaaoue aaeiio
oeaaoo, a ana inoaeueiua iieinu ia aeieaeiu eiaoue oeaaoiaie ie?anee.
Iiai?io ?o/ee ?aaoeyoi?a eiio?anoiinoe ia aeieaeai nii?iaiaeaeaoueny
eciaiaieai ie?anee naaoeuo e oaiiuo iiein iniiaiuie eee
aeiiieieoaeueiuie oeaaoaie.

Oi/iinoue iano?ieee /anoioiuo aeaoaeoi?ia eaiaea oeaaoiinoe i?iaa?ytho
iiaea/ae ia aioaiiue aoiae oaeaaeci?a neaiaea “aaeia iiea” iinea
i?iaa?ee aaeaina aaeiai. Ianeieueei ?ac aeeth/atho e aueeth/atho neaiae
iiiciaaaiey ia o?aiceoanoa.

I?e yoii ia aeieaeii auoue caiaoiiai eciaiaiey oeaaoa naa/aiey ye?aia.

Caoeiaia nii?iaiaeaeaiea i?iaa?ytho ia neoo. Ana inoaeueiua i?iaa?ee,
naycaiiua n ea/anoaii e?aieaiey ?o/ae, eiiiie, ?acueaiia, ioaeaeueiuo
aeaoaeae e oceia i?iaiaeyo aiaoiei iniio?ii.

CAEETH*AIEA

A aeaiiii aeeieiiiii i?iaeoa ?anniio?aia i?aaiecaoeey i?aaei?eyoey ii
?aiiioo auoiaie ?aaeeiyeaeo?iiiie aiia?aoo?u a oneiaeyo iauanoaa n
ia?aie/aiiie ioaaonoaaiiinoueth. ?anniio?ai iieiue yeiiiie/aneee ?an/ao
yooaeoeaiinoe nicaeaaaaiiai i?aaei?eyoey, oeaee e caaea/e i?aaei?eyoey,
io?aia o?oaea ia i?aaei?eyoee. Yeiiiie/aneee ?ann/ao iieacae, /oi
nicaeaaaaiia i?aaei?eyoea yeiiiie/anee yooaeoeaii. Oaeaea o/eouaathony,
ianoi ?aniieiaeaiey i?aaei?eyoey oneiaey o?oaea , io?aia o?oaea ,
oaoieea aaciianiinoe , ?ann/ao iaoa?eaeueii-oaoie/aneiai iaania/aiey
, niaoa ?anoiaeia ia oiieeai e yia?aeth , oeaoiaua ?anoiaeu.
?ann/ao ca?aaioiie ieaou ?aaeeiiaoaieeia iieacae , /oi aeey aeaiiiai
?aaeiia, aaea aoaeao ?aniieaaaoueny i?aaei?eyoea ca?aaioiay ieaoa aoaeao
aunieie.

Iieiinoueth nieaie?iaaii i?aaei?eyoea enoiaey ec ii?i ieiuaaee ia
?aai/eo, iniauaiu ?aai/ea ianoa iaiaoiaeeiui iai?oaeiaaieai e
eiio?ieueii-ecea?eoaeueiie aiia?aoo?ie.

A oaoiieiae/aneie /anoe ?anniio?aiu, aiaeec ?aaiou i?eioeeieaeueiie
noaiu, eiino?oeoeey oaeaaeci?a, auiieiai ?an/ao iaaeaaeiinoe,
?anniio?aia oaoiieiaey ?aiiioa e ?aaoee?iaee aeey aeiea oeaaoiinoe
oaeaaeci?a.

EEOA?AOO?A

1. A?eeeeaioia Ae.I.,Eoeeeia A.I,?ieniai I.A. Ni?aai/iee. Ia?aiiniua
oeaaoiua oaeaaeci?u.-I.: EOaE-a,1996

2.Eoceiaoe E.I.,Iaoocaeai A.A.,?uiaiia, A.A. Oaoie/aneia ianeoaeeaaiea
oaeaaeceiiiuo i?eaiieeia e aioaii.-I.:Naycue, 1973

3.Aaaecaa?a TH.I. ?aiiio oeaaoiuo ia?aiiniuo oaeaaeci?ia.-I.:?aaeei e
naycue, 1991

4.A?iaeneee I.A. Ia?aiiniua oaeaaeci?u.-Ieine:Auoaeoay oeiea, 1993

5.Aii/a?oe A.Ae.,Eaiaaa I.A. Yeiiiieea, i?aaiecaoeey e ieaie?iaaiea
i?aaei?eyoee ii ?aiiioo auoiaie ?aaeeiyeaeo?iiiie aiia?aoo?u.-I.:Eaaeay
e ieuaaay i?iiuoeaiiinoue,1983

6.Ee?eeei E.?.,A?iaeneee I.A. Oaeaaeaeaiea.-Ieine: Auoaeoay oeiea, I
1983

7.Iieeaei A.A. ?aiiio e ?aaoee?iaea auoiaie ?aaeeiyeaeo?iiiie
aiia?aoo?u.- I.:Eaaeay i?iiuoeaiiinoue e auoiaia ianeoaeeaaiea, 1987

8.Iaaeia N.I. Io?aia o?oaea a ?aaeei- e yeaeo?iiiie i?iiuoeaiiinoe.-I.:
?aaeei e naycue, 1985 a.

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