Линейная теория и условия самовозбуждения автогенератора

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Реферат на тему:

“ЛИНЕЙНАЯ ТЕОРИЯ И УСЛОВИЯ САМОВОЗБУЖДЕНИЯ АВТОГЕНЕРАТОРА”

Введение

В 1902–1904 годах датский ученый В. Поульсен, опираясь на опыт своих
предшественников, сконструировал новый тип передающей радиостанции, где
электромагнитные волны возбуждались не искровым разрядом, а
электрической дугой. Поскольку процесс горения дуги непрерывный, то
дуговой генератор обеспечивал получение колебаний постоянной амплитуды,
т.е. незатухающих. Новый способ связи энергетически выгодный, дает
меньше помех, обеспечивает возможность осуществлять амплитудную
модуляцию и передавать человеческую речь.

Однако этот способ не торопились внедрять в жизнь по экономическим
соображениям, присущим капитализму того времени, когда на чашу весов
ставилось получение сверхприбыли, а не просто увеличение прибыли. Это
определяло односторонний характер развития техники того времени, когда
внедряются технические усовершенствования, приносящие сверхприбыль и
отказываются от изобретений и научных открытий, если они этого не
делают. Искровые радиостанции были относительно дешевы и надежны, а
переход на любую другую конструкцию в только-только зарождающемся
массовом радиотехническом производстве должен был бы обойтись весьма
недешево.

Искровые генераторы позволяли работать на любых волнах, от дециметровых,
в опытах Герца, до тысячеметровых, использованных, например, Маркони при
трансатлантической передаче. Пришедшие им на смену другие передатчики
из-за инерционности газового разряда в дуге могли применяться лишь на
волнах больше тысячи метров. Правда, почти одновременно с дуговыми
появились и два других типа устройств для генерации незатухающих
колебаний: машинные и ламповые. Но в машинном генераторе для получения
высокой частоты необходимо было раскручивать ротор машины с большой
скоростью, а так как эта скорость имела определенный предел, машинный
генератор мог работать только в длинноволновом диапазоне. Ламповый
генератор годился для любых волн, но из-за несовершенства лампы с него
удавалось снять лишь небольшие мощности. Поворот от длинноволновой связи
к коротковолновой окончательно решил спор в пользу лампового генератора.
Быстрый прогресс электроники привел к появлению в технике связи
транзисторных генераторов, а затем и генераторов на интегральных
микросхемах.

Принцип получения незатухающих гармонических колебаний. Роль
нелинейности. Сущность задачи исследования генераторов

Для изучения физических основ процесса генерации обратимся к обычному
контуру с высокой добротностью Q >> 1 (рис. 8.14). Если контуру сообщить
некоторую энергию, зарядив, например, конденсатор С (положение ключа 1),
а затем отключить источник и подключить конденсатор к контуру (положение
ключа 2), то в контуре возникнут свободные колебания.
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Рис. 8.14. Схема колебательного контура

Известно, что выражение для контурного тока i в квазиколебательном
режиме (при Q > 0,5) имеет вид
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 (8.8)

где Е/1L – начальная амплитуда тока,

= r/2L – коэффициент затухания контура,

1 =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–
частота собственных колебаний контура,

0 =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 – резонансная частота контура.

Колебания тока убывают по амплитуде за счет множителя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, т.е. являются затухающими, поскольку сопротивление контура является
положительным. Для получения незатухающих колебаний необходимо
восполнять потери энергии, т.е. вводить энергию в контур. Последнее
можно трактовать как внесение в контур отрицательного сопротивления r(-)
r, то
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(8.9)

т.е. амплитуда колебаний возрастает. Это означает, что в контур вносится
больше энергии, чем теряется на сопротивлении r. Именно этот случай
используется для создания генераторов. При этом нет необходимости в
первоначальной зарядке конденсатора С, так как колебания будут возникать
от собственных шумов, которые практически всегда имеют место.

Согласно принципу дуальности, по такому же закону изменяется напряжение
на параллельном колебательном контуре (рис. 8.16), только под
коэффициентом затухания здесь следует понимать = G/2С.
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Рис. 8.16. Параллельный колебательный контур

Ясно, что для получения возрастающей с течением времени амплитуды
напряжения необходимо вносить в контур отрицательную проводимость G(-) G (рис. 8.17).
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Рис. 8.17. Введение в контур отрицательной проводимости

В практических схемах АГ отрицательные по переменному току сопротивление
r(-) и проводимость G(-) получают с помощью усилительных элементов
двухполюсного и трехполюсного типов, у которых на вольт-амперной
характеристике имеется падающий участок, т.е. участок с отрицательным
сопротивлением r(-) или проводимостью G(-):
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 (8.10)

К таким двухполюсникам относятся туннельный диод, тетрод в динатронном
режиме, газоразрядные приборы, тиристоры и т.п. В усилительных элементах
трехполюсного типа (электронная лампа, транзистор) падающий участок на
выходной характеристике образуется при одновременном изменении входного
и выходного напряжений в противоположных направлениях за счет цепи ОС.

На рисунке 8.18 приведены выходные характеристики одного из транзисторов
p-n-p типа. Если напряжение на базе поддерживается постоянным, например
UБЭ = – 0,45 В, то при увеличении напряжения на коллекторе ток
коллектора только возрастает и никакого падающего участка на
характеристике нет.

Если одновременно с увеличением напряжения на коллекторе уменьшать
напряжение на базе, то зависимость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приобретает явно падающий характер.
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00000000000000000000000040000002d01100004000000f0010e00040000002d0110000
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00000000000000000000000040000002d01120004000000f0011100040000002d0112000
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0cc0702001054696d6573204e657720526f6d616e2043797200000000000000000000000
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00000000000000000000000040000002d01130004000000f0011200040000002d0113000
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0002701ffff030000001e00070000001604f3024f03b502df02040000000201020004000
0002d010400040000002d010500040000002d010600030000001e0004000000020101000
40000002e011800050000003102010000001c000000fb02c7ff000000000000900100000
0cc0702001054696d6573204e657720526f6d616e2043797200000000000000000000000
000040000002d0113000a000000320ae6020b030200000031301d001d001c000000fb02c
7ff0000000000009001000000020702001053796d626f6c0000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000040000002d01140004000000f0011300040000002d011
40009000000320ae602e602010000002d2b1f001c000000fb020200010000000000bc020
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0000000040000002d01130004000000f0011400040000002d011300040000002701ffff0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Рис. 8.18. Падающий участок на вольт-амперной характеристике транзистора

Противофазное изменение входного UБЭ и выходного UКЭ напряжений
достигается введением цепи обратной связи с выхода усилительного
элемента на его вход со сдвигом фазы на 180.

Возможны два типа вольт-амперных характеристик с падающими участками.
Первый из них типа S имеет однозначную зависимость u = f (i), что
иллюстрируется рисунком 8.19 а (отрицательное сопротивление S-типа,
управляемое током). Второй, типа N (отрицательное сопротивление,
управляемое напряжением), наоборот, однозначную зависимость i = f (u),
что показано на рисунке 8.19, б (туннельный диод, диод Ганна, тетрод с
динатронным эффектом).

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0b0200000000050000000c021402ac05040000002e0118001c000000fb02000000000000
00000000000000cc00000001436f7572696572204e657700b700000000d7a6a4a4a40000
0c000000ac4ab700040000002d010000030000001e00030000001e00030000001e000400
00002e010000040000000201010008000000fa0200000300000000000000040000002d01
010007000000fc020100000000000000040000002d0102000a0000002503030022007200
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f00101000400000002010200040000002d01030007000000fc0200000000000000000400
00002d0101000c000000240304001500750022004d003000750015007500040000002d01
0300040000002d0101000c000000240304005202b7017b02c4015202d2015202b7010400
00002d010300040000002d010200030000001e000700000016044e0034000e0012000400
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010000001c000000fb02c5ff0000000000009001010000cc0702001054696d6573204e65
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ffff040000002d010300030000001e00070000001604de01aa02ab017b02040000000701
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000000000000040000002d01070009000000320ad00181020100000075791d001c000000
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00000000000000000000000000000000040000002d01090004000000f001070004000000
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ffff040000000201010008000000fa0200000500000000000000040000002d0107007400
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9901f9008d01fc008701fe008001fe007901fe007101fd006901fb006001f8005801f500
4f01f1004601ed003d01e8003401e4002b01df002201db001901d6001101cd00fe00c900
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0600030000001e000400000002010100040000002e011800050000003102010000001c00
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6e2043797200000000000000000000000000040000002d01070009000000320a4000f902
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3d04490141044e0145045301490459014d045e0152046301560467015a046b015e046f01
63047201670475016c04770179047a0181047a018a047901930476019c047201a5046d01
ae046701b7046001bf045901c8045101d0044901d8044001e7042b01ef041f01f7041401
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040000002d01070004000000f0010400040000002d01000004000000f001080004000000
2d01000004000000f0010900040000002d01000004000000f0010a00040000002d010000
04000000f0010b00040000002d01000004000000f0010c00040000002d01000004000000
f0010d00040000002d010700040000002d010500040000002d010000040000002701ffff
1c000000fb021000070000000000bc02000000cc0102022253797374656d0057708198e3
ce81d04cf4debcb462006ea2f6bf87b4f6bf0000040000002d010200040000002701ffff
040000002701ffff030000000000

а) б)

Рис. 8.19. Вольт-амперные характеристики с падающими участками

При использовании последовательного колебательного контура изменяется
ток через усилительный элемент с вольт-амперной характеристикой типа S
(рис. 8.19 а).

При использовании параллельного колебательного контура по гармоническому
закону изменяется напряжение на усилительном элементе, поэтому необходим
усилительный элемент с характеристикой типа N (рис. 8.19 б).

На рисунке 8.20 показан случай, когда к параллельному контуру подключен
элемент с характеристикой типа S. Здесь изменяется напряжение по
гармоническому закону и не удается использовать падающий участок.
Характерным является то, что ток изменяется в фазе с изменением
напряжения, в то время как при работе на падающем участке ток должен
изменяться в противофазе с изменением напряжения.

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00002701ffff1c000000fb021000070000000000bc02000000cc0102022253797374656d
00577081e4b3ce81d04cf4debcb462006ea2f6bf87b4f6bf0000040000002d0103000400
00002701ffff040000002701ffff030000000000

Рис. 8.20. Случай подключения к параллельному контуру элемента с
характеристикой типа S

Таким образом, при использовании с параллельным колебательным контуром
нелинейного элемента с характеристикой типа S его сопротивление будет
положительно и генерация невозможна.

Установка рабочей точки на падающем участке вольт-амперной
характеристики осуществляется с помощью источника постоянного тока. В
конечном счете, усилительный элемент потребляет энергию от этого
источника по постоянному току и является источником энергии для контура
по переменному току.

Чтобы ограничить нарастание амплитуды колебаний, в схеме генератора
должна присутствовать еще и нелинейность, т.е. элемент, сопротивление
которого зависит от амплитуды колебаний. Обычно эту функцию выполняет
сам усилительный элемент. В этом случае с возрастанием амплитуды
колебаний уменьшаются вносимые r(-) и G(-) по величине, и когда
наступает равенство | r(-)| = r (| G(-)| = G), рост амплитуды колебаний
прекратится. Такой установившийся режим гармонических колебаний называют
стационарным состоянием. В стационарном состоянии усилительный элемент
будет находиться в нелинейном режиме.

При исследовании генераторов приходится решать следующие задачи:

1. Выяснение условий, выполнение которых достаточно для возникновения
гармонических колебаний. Эти условия принято называть условиями
самовозбуждения. Указать условия самовозбуждения означает дать
рекомендации к построению принципиальных схем автогенераторов.

2. Выяснение условий стационарности. Эти условия являются исходными для
выбора режима и расчета элементов генератора.

3. Проверка на устойчивость. Возможных стационарных состояний генератора
может быть несколько и, чтобы определить какое из них будет реализовано,
требуется исследование на их устойчивость.

4. Исследование процесса установления стационарных колебаний, что
особенно важно при импульсном режиме работы генератора.

5. Анализ поведения генератора при различных внешних воздействиях.

Рассмотрим основополагающие положения теории автогенераторов для решения
вышеперечисленных задач.

Линейная теория автогенератора. Условия самовозбуждения

При рассмотрении схем автогенераторов можно заметить, что общий принцип
работы любого автогенератора состоит в непрерывном поддержании
самопроизвольно возникающих (без внешнего воздействия) периодических
колебаний. Это достигается восполнением потерь энергии в резистивных
элементах схемы автогенератора.

Основными элементами автогенератора, в общем случае, являются источник
энергии (источник питания), пассивные цепи, в которых возбуждаются и
поддерживаются незатухающие колебания с заданными параметрами
(колебательная система) и активный прибор, преобразующий энергию
источника питания в энергию генерируемых колебаний (рис. 8.21).
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Рис. 8.21. Структурная схема автогенератора

Восполнение потерь в схеме автогенератора осуществляется с помощью
активного прибора (АП), к которому приложено напряжение свободных
колебаний. Для компенсации потерь в колебательном контуре требуется,
чтобы ток через активный прибор iАП имел направление, указанное на
эквивалентной схеме генератора (рис. 8.22).
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Рис. 8.22. Эквивалентная схема автогенератора

Изобразим активный прибор через его проводимость – GАП и представим
эквивалентную схему автогенератора (рис. 8.22) по переменному току в
следующем виде (рис. 8.23):
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Рис. 8.23. Эквивалентная схема автогенератора по переменному току

Активный прибор обладает отрицательной проводимостью – GАП 0 (рис. 8.24 а) свободные колебания в контуре будут
затухающими, так как проводимость потерь превышает проводимость
активного прибора (GЭ > GАП).

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302e1018205050000001402e6019d05050000001302ee01cc05050000001402f301e7050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а) б) в)

Рис. 8.24. Амплитуда свободных колебаний при различных

Если проводимость потерь GЭ компенсировать отрицательной вносимой
проводимостью GАП, то при = 0 возникшие в контуре колебания будут
продолжаться бесконечно долго, т.е. станут незатухающими (рис. 8.24 б).
Если же по абсолютной величине вносимая отрицательная проводимость будет
больше проводимости потерь (|GАП| > GЭ), то > 0 и колебания в контуре
будут нарастать (рис. 8.24 в), т.е. возникают условия самовозбуждения.

Таким образом, выявление условий самовозбуждения сводится к анализу
генератора как линейной цепи и поэтому называется линейной теорией. При
этом не обязательно составлять дифференциальное уравнение, а можно
использовать известные методы анализа линейных цепей на устойчивость,
так как нарушение устойчивости и есть самовозбуждение.

Под условиями самовозбуждения понимаются такие условия, выполнение
которых приводит к появлению колебаний в автогенераторе. Условие |GАП| >
GЭ говорит о том, что для обеспечения самовозбуждения автогенератора
достаточно иметь отрицательную проводимость GАП (крутизну вольт-амперной
характеристики нелинейного элемента) в рабочей точке по абсолютной
величине большую, чем проводимость потерь контура GЭ. Это означает, что
приток энергии от активного прибора в пассивную цепь превышает потери
энергии в ней.

Частота колебаний, возникающих в автогенераторе, равна собственной
частоте колебательного контура. Отсюда следует, что сумма реактивных
составляющих эквивалентной проводимости контура ВЭ и ВАП равна нулю ВЭ +
ВАП = 0. Достаточные условия самовозбуждения можно записать в следующем
виде:
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 (8.15)

где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 – комплексные
проводимости активного прибора и колебательного контура соответственно.

Первое условие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 указывает на то, что энергия, выделяемая активным элементом,
превышает энергию всех потерь в схеме (амплитудное условие). Второе
условие
picscalex100010009000003c60100000200170000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c02c002c0171200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffffaeffffff801700006e0200000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000700010000000fb024efd0901000000009001000000020002001053796d626f6c0002
040000002d01000008000000320ade014c02010000005b0010000000fb024efd09010000
00009001000000020002001053796d626f6c0002040000002d01010004000000f0010000
08000000320ade01900a010000005d0017000000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000cc
0402001054696d6573204e657720526f6d616e2043797200cca0040000002d0100000400
0000f001010008000000320ae001a41601000000300017000000fb0280fe000000000000
9001000000cc0402001054696d6573204e657720526f6d616e2043797200cca004000000
2d01010004000000f001000008000000320a66029d1301000000dd0008000000320a6602
f70d02000000c0cf08000000320a66023a0901000000dd0008000000320a6602cc030200
0000c0cf10000000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000020002001053796d626f6c0002
040000002d01000004000000f001010008000000320ae0015215010000003d0008000000
320ae001fc10010000002b0008000000320ae001510b010000003d0008000000320ae001
d106010000002b0017000000fb0240fe0000000000009001010000cc0402001054696d65
73204e657720526f6d616e2043797200cca0040000002d01010004000000f00100000800
0000320ae001631201000000c20008000000320ae001b10c01000000c20008000000320a
e001f90701000000590008000000320ae0017f0201000000590008000000320ae001ef00
010000006d0008000000320ae001400001000000490011000000fb0240fe000000000000
900100000002040200104d542045787472610002040000002d01000004000000f0010100
08000000320a6a01ab0801000000260008000000320a6a01310301000000260008000000
320a6a0182000100000026000a00000026060f000a00ffffffff01000000000010000000
fb021000070000000000bc02000000cc0102022253797374656d00cc040000002d010100
04000000f0010000030000000000 свидетельствует о том, что колебания могут
возникнуть лишь на частоте резонанса «обобщенной нагрузки», т.е. на
частоте резонанса линейной цепи с учетом реактивной проводимости,
вносимой нелинейным элементом (фазовое условие).

Если автогенератор рассматривать как автоколебательную систему,
состоящую из усилителя, выход которого связан с входом с помощью цепи
обратной связи (рис. 8.25), то для того, чтобы в автоколебательной
системе возникли и поддерживались незатухающие колебания, необходимо,
чтобы вносимая в систему энергия вводилась в такт (в фазе) с возникшими
колебаниями, а по величине должна быть достаточной для компенсации
потерь.
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Рис. 8. 25. Автоколебательная система с обратной связью

Пусть с выхода усилителя часть выходного напряжения через цепь обратной
связи подается на его вход. При условии, что на выходе цепи обратной
связи сигнал по амплитуде и по фазе равен внешнему сигналу, т.е.
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 (8.16)

можно вместо внешнего возбуждения подать на вход усилителя напряжение с
выхода цепи обратной связи. Из (8.16) находим
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 (8.17)

Так как вносимая энергия в систему должна превышать ее потери, то из
(8.17) получаем следующую форму записи условий самовозбуждения:
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 (8.18)

Первое условие (8.18) является амплитудным, а второе – фазовым условием
самовозбуждения.

Поскольку обобщенные схемы автогенераторов (рис. 8.23 и 8.25) по
существу эквивалентны, то условия (8.15) справедливы и для схемы
генератора с обратной связью (рис. 8.25). Однако для такого
представления схем генераторов более удобна форма записи (8.18).

Пример 8.7.

Определить условия самовозбуждения для автогенератора с трансформаторной
обратной связью (рис. 8.26).
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Рис. 8.26. Автогенератор с трансформаторной обратной связью

Решение задачи.

Применим критерий устойчивости Найквиста. Для этого разорвем цепь
обратной связи и заменим генератор эквивалентной схемой по переменному
току (рис. 8.27).
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Рис. 8.27. Эквивалентная схема автогенератора

Входная и выходная проводимости транзистора пересчитаны к контуру и
учтены в GЭ. Напряжение обратной связи, снимаемое с LБ, определяется
выражением
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В свою очередь, ток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picscalex100010009000003bf0100000300170000000000050000000902000000000400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где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Тогда
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Согласно критерию устойчивости, автогенератор возбудится, если
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Фазовое условие самовозбуждения будет выполнено, если дробь будет
вещественной и положительной. Для этого в знаменателе мнимая часть
должна равняться нулю

picscalex100010009000003210200000400170000000000050000000902000000000400
000002010100050000000102ffffff00040000002e011800050000003102010000000500
00000b0200000000050000000c02400500211200000026060f001a00ffffffff00001000
0000c0ffffffb9ffffffc0200000f90400000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065
0000400109000000fa02000010000000000000002200040000002d010000050000001402
5002400005000000130250020f05050000001402300477190500000013020f04b2190900
0000fa02000020000000000000002200040000002d0101000500000014021704b2190500
00001302e204071a040000002d010000050000001402e2040f1a050000001302a6027b1a
050000001402a6027b1a050000001302a6020a2005000000140250024f19050000001302
50022a2017000000fb0240fe0000000000009001010000cc0402001054696d6573204e65
7720526f6d616e2043797200cc15040000002d01020008000000320ac002792001000000
2e0008000000320a4c041a1d01000000430008000000320a4c04971a010000004c000800
0000320ac002d60801000000430008000000320ac0022c07010000006a0008000000320a
20044902010000004c0008000000320a20049f00010000006a0017000000fb0280fe0000
000000009001000000cc0402001054696d6573204e657720526f6d616e2043797200cc15
040000002d01030004000000f001020008000000320ad204751e010000004b0008000000
320ad204c81b010000004b0008000000320a46038b1601000000300008000000320a4603
310a010000004b0008000000320aa6047a03010000004b0017000000fb0240fe00000000
00009001000000cc0402001054696d6573204e657720526f6d616e2043797200cc150400
00002d01020004000000f001030008000000320aa501491c01000000310009000000320a
c0021a11030000002020200009000000320ac002340e030000002020200008000000320a
c002690d01000000300008000000320aa501340201000000310010000000fb0240fe0000
000000009001000000020002001053796d626f6c0002040000002d01030004000000f001
020008000000320ac002ec17010000003d0008000000320ac002fd13010000003d000800
0000320ac0026f0f01000000de0008000000320ac0021b0c010000003d0008000000320a
c0028405010000002b0010000000fb0240fe000000000000900101000002000200105379
6d626f6c0002040000002d01020004000000f001030008000000320ac002361501000000
770008000000320ac002401201000000770008000000320ac002a3070100000077000800
0000320a200416010100000077000a00000026060f000a00ffffffff0100000000001000
0000fb021000070000000000bc02000000cc0102022253797374656d00cc040000002d01
030004000000f0010200030000000000

Следовательно, фазовое условие самовозбуждения выполняется на
резонансной частоте контура.

Амплитудное условие самовозбуждения следует проверять только на этой
частоте
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Литература

1. Богданов Н.Г., Лисичкин В.Г. Основы радиотехники и электроники.:
Автоколебательные цепи. – 2000.

2. Никольский И.Н., Хопов В.Б., Варокосин Н.П., Григорьев В.А.,
Колесников А.А. Нелинейные радиотехнические устройства техники связи. –
Л.: 1972.

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