IEIENOA?NOAI IAUAAI E I?IOANNEAEUeIIAI IA?ACIAAIEss ?INNEENEIE
OAAeA?AOeEE
Ieaeaai?iaeneee i?aeaia O?oaeiaiai E?aniiai ciaiaie
Ainoaea?noaaiiue oieaa?neoao eiaie I. E. Eiaa/aaneiai
?AAeEIOECE*ANEEE OAEOEUeOAO
EAOAAe?A AEONOEEE
AeEIEIIIAss ?AAIOA
Enneaaeiaaiea eiiaeiaoeeiiiuo iiiao a aiaeecaoi?a niaeo?a
ieeeeiao?iaiai aeeaiaciia aeeei aiei.
Aeiiouai e caueoa
caa. eaoaae?ie aeonoeee i?ioanni? Ao?aaoia N.I.
Iao/iue ?oeiaiaeeoaeue
ia/aeueiee naeoi?a IIEIE “Eaa?oe” Oaeiai I.Ae.
?aoeaicaio
ia/aeueiee ioaeaea IIEIE “Eaa?oe” Ianiaiee E.A.
Iao/iue eiinoeueoaio
aaaeouee eiaeaia? Eina?aa A.A.
Eiinoeueoaio ii oaoieea aaciianiinoe
annenoaio eaoaae?u aeonoeee Eo?ei A.A.
Aeeieiiiee Oa?aeaiia A.A.
a. Ieaeiee Iiaai?iae, 1998 a.
Niaea?aeaiea
1.Aaaaeaiea 3
Oai?aoe/aneee aiaeec eiiaeiaoeeiiiuo iiiao ,
iaoneiaeaiiuo iiai/iuie eieaaaieyie aaoa?iaeeia
a EA* nianeoaea aiaeecaoi?a niaeo?a . 6
2.1Iaoiae aii?ieneiaoeee aieueo – aiia?iie
oa?aeoa?enoeee aeeiaea yeniiiaioeeaeueiie ooieoeeae. 7
2.2Iaoiae aii?ieneiaoeee aieueo – aiia?iie oa?aeoa?enoeee aeeiaea
noaiaiiui ?yaeii. 10
3. ?an/ao e yenia?eiaioaeueiia ecia?aiea ioiine-
oaeueiuo o?iaiae eiiaeiaoeeiiiuo iiiao. 13
3.1 Enneaaeiaaiea o?iaiae iiai/iuo eieaaaiee a neaiaea aaoa?iaeeia.
13
3.2 ?an/ao e enneaaeiaaiea o?iaiae eiiaeia-
oeeiiiuo iiiao a nianeoaeyo. 16
3.3 Ecia?aiea ioiineoaeueiuo o?iaiae eiiaeia-oeeiiiuo iiiao a
aiaeecaoi?a niaeo?a. 19
4. Caeeth/aiea. 21
5. Nienie eeoa?aoo?u. 22
6. Oaoieea aaciianiinoe. 23
1. Aaaaeaiea
A ?aaeeioaoieea, yeaeo?iieea, oaoieea nayce e ae?oaeo io?aneyo
i?iiuoeaiiinoe aiaeec oi?iu yeaeo?e/aneeo neaiaeia iicaieyao iieo/eoue
eioi?iaoeeth i ea/anoaa ?aaeei-ono?ienoa, eeiee nayce , oaoiieiae/aneeo
i?ioeannia e o.ae. Neiaeiay ia?eiaee/aneay ooieoeey a?aiaie iieiinoueth
iienu-aaaony aiieeooaeaie e oacaie aa niaeo?aeueiuo ninoaaey-thueo. A
aieueoeinoaa neo/aaa aeinoaoi/ii eiaoue eioi?iaoeeth ia aiieeooaea e
/anoioa ninoaaeythueo niaeo?a neaiaea , oi anoue ia aiieeooaeiii
niaeo?a. Caa?oaeaiiinoue inaiaiiuo A* e NA* aeeaiaciiia, iio?aaiinoue
eniieueciaaiey ?aaeeiyeae-o?iiiuo n?aaenoa (?YN) aeey ?aoaiey
oe?ieiai e?oaa iiauo caaea/ aucaaee iaiaoiaeeiinoue aeaeueiaeoaai
?anoe?aiey /anoioiiai aeeaiaciia a iaeanoue ii aeeei aiei. I?e yoii
aaaeiia cia/aiea eiatho aii?inu enneaaeiaaiey iainiiaiuo eieaaaiee a
A* o?aeoao e ?aaeei eceo/aiee ?acee/iuo ?YN, a oaeaea eiio?ieue ca
?aoeeiiaeueiui eniieueciaaieai
?YN , eneeth/athuei acaeiiua ?aaeeiiiiaoe.
N oeaeueth eiio?iey iainiiaiuo ?aaeei eceo/aiee e eieaaaiee iiai/iuo
eceo/aiee ?aaeeiia?aaeathueo ono?ienoa, caa?o-aeathuea iauee /anoioiue
aeeaiacii , a oaeaea aiciiaeiinoe onoaiiaeaiey enoi/ieea iiiao e eo
oa?aeoa?a eniieuecothony iaii?aiiua i?e?iiua ono?ienoaa –
ecia?eoaeueiua iaii?aiiua i?e?iieee e aiaeecaoi?u niaeo?a
iineaaeiaaoaeueiiai aeaeno-aey ( AN IAe).
I?e eiino?oe?iaaiee aiaeecaoi?ia niaeo?a n iiiiuueth ?ac-ee/iuo ia?
i?aaeoniao?eaaaony iaeneiaeueii aiciiaeiia ineaaeaiea eiiaeiaoeeiiiuo
iiiao a aa?aioe?oaiie iieina iaci?a, iaeiaei ono?aieoue eo iieiinoueth
iaaiciiaeii. Naiaiae-iue io eiiaeiaoeeiiiuo ninoaaeythueo eioa?aae
aiieeooaeiie oa?aeoa?enoeee aiaeecaoi?a ii aoiaeo, ia?aie/aiiue nieco
o?iaiai eiiaeiaoeeiiiuo neaiaeia, a naa?oo iaeneiaeueii aeiionoeiui
o?iaiai ecia?yaiiai neaiaea , iinooiathuaai ia nianeoaeue (i?e eioi?ii
eiiaeiaoeeiiiua ioeeeee iacia/e-oaeueii i?aauoatho ooiu aiaeecaoi?a),
iacuaatho aeeiaie-/aneei aeeaiaciiii ii eiiaeiaoeeiiiui iiiaoai .
Aeeiaie/aneee aeeaiacii ii eiiaeiaoeeiiiui iiiaoai a aiaeecaoi?ao
niaeo?a ieeeeiao?iaiai aeeaiaciia aiei a iniiaiii
ii?aaeaeythony EA* i?aia?aciaaoaeyie aoiaeiuo neaiaeia. Enoi?e/anee ia
ia/aeueiuo yoaiao inaiaiey ii aeeaiaciia aeeei aiei i?aaeii/oaiea
ioaeaaaeinue aa?iiieeiaui i?aia?aciaaoaeyi /anoiou e aiaeecaoi?ai
niaeo?a n eo eniieueciaaieai , oae eae yoi iai?aaeaiea iaania/eaaao
iaeaieaa auno?ia ?aoaiea ia?aii/a?aaeiuo ecia?eoaeueiuo caaea/ n
iaeiaiueoeie cao?aoaie .
Aeinoieinoaii aa?iiieeiauo AN IAe yaeyaony ioiine-oaeueiay i?inoioa ,
iaeiaei iie eiatho ieiooth /oanoae-oaeueiinoue e iaeue aeeiaie/aneee
aeeaiacii, naiaiaeiue io eiiaeiaoeeiiiuo iiiao . Yoe i?iaeaiu
nieiathony i?e eniieueciaaiee AN IAe n i?aia?aciaaieai niaeo?a EA*
neaiaeia ia 1-ie aa?iiieea aaoa?iaeeia . I?e yoii aiciiaeiu
neaaeothuea aa?eaiou iino?iaiey i?aia?aciaa-oaeae:
– n aaoa?iaeeiii ia oeene?iaaiioth /anoioo EA* aeeaiaciia ,
– n ia?ano?aeaaaiui aaoa?iaeeiii EA* aeeaiaciia ,
oi?ie?oaiui iooai oiiiaeaiey neaiaea aaoa?iaeeia NA* aaciaiai
aiaeecaoi?a.
Oeene?iaaiiua aaoa?iaeeiu i?eiaiythony a neo/ayo,
eiaaea o?aaoaony auiieieoue niaeo?aeueiue aiaeec neaiaeia a
ioiineoaeueii iaaieueoii o/anoea aeeaiaciia /anoio (ia aieaa
10-12 AAoe) .
A neo/aa iaiaoiaeeiinoe enneaaeiaaiee neaiaeia a iieiii /anoioiii
aeeaiaciia aieiiaiaea eniieuecothony ia?ano?aeaaaiua aaoa?iaeeiu,
ia?ae?uaathuea ii /anoioa yoio aeeaiacii.
Oi?ie?iaaiea neaiaea oaeiai EA* aaoa?iaeeia inouano-aeyaony oiiiaeaieai
/anoiou caaeathuaai NA* – aaia?aoi?a. A niaeo?a neaiaea aaoa?iaeeia
ia auoiaea oiiiaeeoaeae e?iia iniiaiiai, eniieuecoaiiai a
i?aia?aciaaoaeyo eieaaaiey , niaea?aeaony iiai/iua ninoaaeythuea ,
e?aoiua /anoioa caaeathuaai aaia?aoi?a. Enneaaeiaaieth
eiiaeia-oeeiiiuo iiiao a EA* i?aia?aciaaoaeyo, aicieeathueo i?e
iaiiiio?iiaoe/aneii neaiaea aaoa?iaeeia e iinayuaia aeeieiiiay ?aaioa
.
Oeaeueth ?aaiou ii enneaaeiaaieth eiiaeiaoeeiiiuo iiiao a
i?aia?aciaaoaeyo /anoiou , ?aaioathueo ia ia?aie aa?iiieea
aaoa?iaeeia – oiiiaeeoaey yaeyaony:
– ?an/ao ioiineoaeueiuo o?iaiae eiiaeiaoeeiiiuo iiiao,
– yenia?eiaioaeueiay i?iaa?ea iieo/aiiuo oai?aoe-/aneeo ?acoeueoaoia.
2. Oai?aoe/aneee aiaeec eiiaeiaoeeiiiuo iiiao ,
iaoneiaeaiiuo iiai/iuie eieaaaieyie aaoa?iaeeia
EA* a nianeoaea aiaeecaoi?ia niaeo?a.
Aii?inu ?an/aoa ioiineoaeueiiai ineaaeaiey aiieeooae
eiiaeiaoeeiiiuo ninoaaeythueo (i?iaeoeoia i?aia?aciaaiey)
iaoee io?aaeaiea a ?yaea ?aaio [ 1 ] , [ 4 ] , [ 7 ] .
Aeey ?an/aoa eiiaeiaoeeiiiuo eneaaeaiee iaiaoiaeeii iaoaiaoe/aneia
caaeaiea aieueo – aiia?iie oa?aeoa?enoeee aeeiaea , eioi?ay iiaeao
auoue i?aaenoaaeaia n iiiiuueth ?acee/iuo iaoiaeia aii?ieneiaoeee
:
– ?yaeaie Aieueoa??a ;
– yeniiiaioeeaeueiii i?aaenoaaeaieai ;
– a aeaea noaiaiiiai ?yaea .
Ia?aue iaoiae aeey iaoae caaea/e i?aaenoaaeyaony iai?eaieaiui
aaeaeo a?iiicaeeinoe au/eneaiee .
A iaoae ?aaioa ?an/ao eiiaeiaoeeiiiuo eneaaeaiee i?iaiaeeeny aeey
aeaoo aeaeia aii?ieneiaoeee aieueo – aiia?-iie oa?aeoa?enoeee
nianeoaeueiuo aeeiaeia :
– i?aaenoaaeaieai aieueo – aiia?iie oa?aeoa?enoeee aeeiaea noaiaiiui
?yaeii ;
– yeniiiaioeeaeueiui i?aaenoaaeaieai aieueo – aiia?iie
oa?aeoa?enoeee .
2.1 Iaoiae aii?ieneiaoeee A.A.O. aeeiaea yeniiiaioeeaeueiie ooieoeeae
.
Aeey ?an/aoa eiiaeiaoeeiiiuo iiiao, aicieeathueo ia auoiaea
iieoi?iaiaeieeiaiai i?aia?aciaaoaey /anoiou , iaoneiaeaiiuo iaee/eai
iiai/iiai eieaaaiey a neaiaea aaoa?iaeeia , ainiieuecoainy iaoiaeeeie ,
i?aaeeiaeaiiie a ?aaioa [ 8 ] .
A eeoa?aoo?a [1 – 4] oa?aeoa?enoeeo iieoi?iaiaeieei-aiai aeeiaea
i?eiyoi ioia?aaeaoue yeniiiaioie aeaea:
(2.1.1)
– oie /a?ac aeeiae e i?eeiaeaiiia e iaio iai?yaeaiea;
– eiyooeoeeaiou aii?ieneiaoeee .
Ionoue ia aoiae i?aia?aciaaoaey iinooiaao iai?yaeaiea:
(2.1.2)
– aiieeooaeu e /anoiou ninoaaeythueo aoiaeiiai
iai?yaeaiey niioaaonoaaiii .
Iiaenoaaeyy a au?aaeaiea (2.1.1) cia/aiea iai?yaeaiey (2.1.2) ,
iieo/ei :
(2.1.3)
iiaeii ?aceiaeeoue a ?yae ii iiaeeoeoee?iaaiiui ooieoeeyi Aannaey
[ 5 ]:
(2.1.4)
?aaai :
(2.1.5)
Iinea ia?aiiiaeaiey ec oi?ioeu (2.1.5) iiaeii ecaea/ue au?aaeaiey
anao niaeo?aeueiuo ninoaaeythueo oiea ia auoiaea iieoi?iaiaeieeiaiai
i?aia?aciaaoaey /anoiou. Eiiaeiaoeeiiiua ninoaaeythuea, ia?acothueany a
?acoeueoaoa acaeiiaeaenoaey anao eiiiiiaio niaeo?a aoiaeiiai neaiaea,
eiatho aiieeooaeu:
(2.1.6)
Ainiieuecoainy i?eaaaeaiiuie auoa oi?ioeaie aeey ?an/aoa ioiineoaeueiiai
ineaaeaiey eiiaeiaoeeiiiuo iiiao.
N/eoaai , /oi ia aoiae i?aia?aciaaoaey iinooiatho iai?yaeaiey:
– aiieeooaea e /anoioa iniiaiiai eieaaaiey aaoa?iaeeia ;
– aiieeooaea e /anoioa iiai/iiai eieaaaiey a neaiaea aaoa?iaeeia ;
– aiieeooaea e /anoioa aoiaeiiai neaiaea.
ia?acoaony ninoaaeythuay oiea n aiieeooaeie :
(2.1.7)
ia?acoaony ninoaaeythuay oiea n aiieeooaeie :
(2.1.8)
?ann/eoaai ioiineoaeueiia ineaaeaiea eiiaeiaoeeiiiie iiiaoe :
(2.1.9)
Aeey oi?iuaiey aeaeueiaeoeo au/eneaiee aoaeai
. A oaeii i?aaeiieiaeaiee iiaeii n/eoaoue[ 8 ] :
(2.1.10)
(2.1.11)
(2.1.12)
Oaeei ia?acii ieii/aoaeueiay oi?ioea aeey ?an/aoa ioiineoaeueiiai
ineaaeaiey eiiaeiaoeeiiiie iiiaoe eiaao neaaeothuee aeae :
(2.1.13)
2.2 Iaoiae aii?ieneiaoeee AAO aeeiaea noaiaiiui ?yaeii.
Aeey enneaaeiaaiey i?iaeoeoia eiiaeiaoeeiiiuo i?aia?a-ciaaiee a
nianeoaea a neo/aa iaeie aiieeooaeu aaoa?iaeeia ainiieuecoainy
aii?ieneiaoeeae noaiaiiui ?yaeii [1].
?ann/eoaai o?iaaiue eiiaeiaoeeiiiuo iiiao aeey yoiai neo/ay. Oie ,
i?ioaeathuee /a?ac aeeiae , caieoai a aeaea:
(2.2.1)
– eiyooeoeeaiou ?yaea ;
– aoiaeiia iai?yaeaiea .
Aoiaeiia iai?yaeaiea , eae e a ioieoa 2.1.2, i?aaenoaaeyao
niaie noiio iai?yaeaiee :
(2.2.2)
– iai?yaeaiea e /anoioa iniiaiiai eieaaaiey aaoa?iaeeia;
– iai?yaeaiea e /anoioa iiai/iiai eieaaaiey aaoa?iaeeia;
– iai?yaeaiea e /anoioa aoiaeiiai neaiaea.
Aeey enneaaeiaaiey eiiaeiaoeeiiiuo iiiao a nianeoaea ia auoa o?aoueaai
ii?yaeea ainiieuecoainy aii?ieneiaoeeae aieueo – aiia?iie oa?aeoa?enoeee
aeeiaea iieeiiiii iyoie noaiaie [1]. Iaeaeai au?aaeaiea aeey oiea
aeeiaea. I?e ?an/aoa o/oai oieueei /eaiu , aeathuea aeeaae a auoiaeiie
oie i?aia?aciaaoaey ia i?iiaaeooi/iie /anoioa. A neo/aa eiaaea
iai?yaeaiea niauaiey iinoiyiiiai oiea ?aaii ioeth, aeeaae a auoiaeiie
neaiae ia i?iiaaeooi/iie /anoioa aeaaeoo oieueei /eaiu iieeiiia
n /aoiuie noaiaiyie . Oiaaea iinea iiaenoaiiaee (2.2.2) a (2.2.1)
iieo/ei :
(2.2.3)
(2.2.5)
?ann/eoaai ioiineoaeueiue o?iaaiue eiiaeiaoeeiiiuo
iiiao :
(2.2.6)
A i?aaeiieiaeaiee U1 >> U2 , U1 >> U3 iieo/ei :
(2.2.7)
eee:
(2.2.8)
Ec ?aceiaeaiey yeniiiaioeeaeueiie ooieoeee a ?yae Iaeei?aia
neaaeoao, /oi eiyooeoeeaiou E2, E4 i?e /eaiao ?aceiaeaiey n /aoiuie
noaiaiyie iiaoo i?eieiaoue oieueei iieiaeeoaeueiua cia/aiey . Oiaaea
aeaeii, /oi ioiioaiea
W2/W1 eaaeeo a i?aaeaeao :
(2.2.9)
eee:
(2.2.10)
Ia iniiaaiee iieo/aiiuo ?acoeueoaoia n o/aoii au?aaeaiee (2.1.13)
e (2.2.10) iiaoo auoue naeaeaiu neaaeothuea auaiaeu :
– i?e “aieueoie” iiuiinoe iniiaiiai eieaaaiey aaoa?iaeeia
eiiaeiaoeeiiiay iiiaoa ia auoiaea i?aia?a-ciaaoaey ineaaeaia aieueoa,
/ai iiai/iia eieaaaiea a aaoa?iaeeia ;
– i?e “iaeie” iiuiinoe iniiaiiai eieaaaiey aaoa?iaeeia
aeiiieieoaeueiiai ineaaeaiey eiiaeiaoeeiiiie iiiaoe ia auoiaea
i?aia?aciaaoaey ia i?ienoiaeeo .
3. ?an/ao e yenia?eiaioaeueiia ecia?aiea ioiineoaeueiuo o?iaiae
eiiaeiaoeeiiiuo iiiao.
Iniiaiie oeaeueth yenia?eiaioa auei ii?aaeaeaiea aeeiaie/aneiai
aeeaiaciia a AN ii aeeaiaciia ii eiiaeiaoeeiiiui eneaaeaieyi n
i?aia?aciaaieai ia 1-ie aa?iiieea aaoa?iaeeia n oiiiaeaieai /anoiou .
3.1 Enneaaeiaaiea o?iaiae iiai/iuo eieaaaiee
a neaiaea aaoa?iaeeia .
A yoii yenia?eiaioa enneaaeiaaeanue ?aaioa aieiiaiaeiuo
oiiiaeeoaeae /anoiou ia 2 e ia 3 a aeeaiaciia
25,95-37.5 AAoe.
_________ ________ ____________
| | | | |
|
| 1 |——->| 2 | | 3
|
|_________| |________| |____________|
|
|
——->———–|
________ ________ ________ ____|____
| | | | | | | |
| 4 | | 5 || 11 |
|________| |________| |________| |_________|
|
___|____ ________ ________ _________
| | | | | | | |
| 12 |–>| 13 |–| 16 |
|________|
?en.1 Aeie noaia onoaiiaee aeey enneaaeiaaiey neaiaea aaoa?iaeeia –
oiiiaeeoaey.
– 14 –
– 14 –
1- caaeathuee aaia?aoi? A4-80 (A4-81);
2- oiiiaeeoaeue ia 3 eiaeneaeueiue;
3- ecia?eoaeue iiuiinoe P1;
4- ecia?eoaeue iiuiinoe P9 ( P6 );
5- oiiiaeeoaeue ia 3 ( ia 2 ) aieiiaiaeiue;
6- iai?aaeaiiue ioaaoaeoaeue 10 aeA;
7- oneeeoaeue iiuiinoe;
8- ia?aeeth/aoaeue 1:2 aieiiaiaeiue;
9- aooaithaoi? Ae3-36;
10- aooaithaoi? 10 aeA;
11- ecia?eoaeue iiuiinoe P3;
12- ia?ano?aeaaaiue oeeueo?;
13- nianeoaeue;
14- oeeueo? ieceie /anoiou;
15- aaia?aoi? A4-56;
16- aiaeecaoi? niaeo?a NE4-87.
N aaia?aoi?a 1 iai?yaeaiea neaiaea iinooiaao ia
oiiiaeeoaeue
/anoiou 2 , aaea i?ienoiaeeo oiiiaeaiea /anoiou caaeathuaai
aaia?aoi?a.
O?iaaiue iiuiinoe eiio?iee?oaony ecia?eoaeai iiuiinoe 3 . N
oiiiaeeoaey
neaiae iinooiaao ia oneeeoaeue iiuiinoe 7, oneeeaaaony e /a?ac
iai?aaeaiiue ioaaoaeoaeue 6 i?eoiaeeo ia aoi?ie oiiiaeeoaeue 5 ,
aaea
i?ienoiaeeo ieii/aoaeueiia oi?ie?iaaiea neaiaea EA* aaoa?iaeeia.
Aeaeaa /a?ac aooaithaoi? 9 , ia?aeeth/aoaeue 8 yoio neaiae /a?ac
i?anaeaeoi? 12 iiaeaaony ia neaiaeueiue aoiae nianeoaey 13 aeey aiaeeca.
Ia aaoa?iaeeiiue aoiae nianeoaey /a?ac OI* 14 i?eoiaeeo neaiae n
aaia?a-
oi?a 15. I?aia?aciaaiiue neaiae enneaaeoaiiai EA* aaoa?iaeeia iinooiaao
ia
aiaeecaoi? niaeo?a 16 , aaea i?ienoiaeeo aai aeaeueiaeoee aiaeec.
– 15 –
– 15 –
?ann/eoaai /anoioo caaeathuaai aaia?aoi?a A4-80 aeey i?eaia
ia/aeueiie /anoiou Fc ?anniao?eaaaiiai aeeaiaciia.
Fca=(Fc-Fi/)/n, (4.1.1)
aaea Fi/ – i?iiaaeooi/iay /anoioa, Fi/=1 AAoe,
Fc – /anoioa neaiaea,
n – iauee eiyooeoeeaio oiiiaeaiey.
Oaeei ia?acii Fca= (26-1)/6 = 4,16 AAoe i?e eniieueciaa-
iee oiiiaeeoaey ia 2.Iaeaieueoee o?iaaiue ia auoiaea oiiiaeeoaey ia 2
eiaao iiai/iia eieaaaiea, iieo/athuaany oiiiaeaieai ia 3, oi anoue
9-ay aa?iiieea caaeathuaai aaia?aoi?a.
Oaeei ia?acii /anoioa iiai/iiai eieaaaiey Fi = 4,16*9 =36,44 AAoe.
O?iaaiue iniiaiie aa?iiieee ?6=12 iAo,a iieacaiea NE4-87 -4 aeAi
i?e /anoioa iano?ieee A4-56 – 27 AAoe.Ia?ano?ieeie A4-56 ia /anoi-
oo 37,44 AAoe iieo/aai ioeeee ia NE4-87, ?aaiue -26 aeAi,
/oi niioaaonoaoao o?iaith iiai/iiai eieaaaiey ?9=0,08 iAo.
I?e eniieueciaaiee aieiiaiaeiiai oiiiaeeoaey ia 3 /anoioa caaeathuaai
aaia?aoi?a onoaiaaeeaaaony Fca= (26-1)/9 = 2,78 AAoe. Iaeaieueoee
o?iaaiue eiaao iiai/iia eieaaaiea, iieo/athuaany ia 12-ie aa?iiieea
caaeathuaai aaia?aoi?a. *anoioa yoiai eieaaaiey Fi=Fca*12 e aoaeao
niioaaonoaaiii Fi=34,33 AAoe . O?iaaiue iniiaiie aa?iiieee
?9=2,4iAo, a o?iaaiue iiai/iiai eieaaaiey ?12=0,8 iAo ii?aaeaeaiu
ii iienaiiie auoa iaoiaeeea.
O?iaie iiuiinoe iniiaiiai eieaaaiey aaoa?iaeeia ?6 e ?9
ii?aaeaeythony iaeneiaeueii-aeiionoeiie iiuiinoueth ia aoiaea
aieiiaiae-
iiai oiiiaeeoaey ?aaiie 100 iAo.
– 16 –
– 16 –
4.2 ?an/ao e enneaaeiaaiea o?iaiae eiiaeiaoeeiiiuo iiiao
nianeoaey.
________ __________ _________ _________
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| 1 |——–>| 2 |——–>| 3 |—->| 4 |->-
|________| |__________| |_________| |_________| |
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________ _______ ________ ________ _________ |
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| 5 |——>| 6 |–>| 7 |—->| 8 |->| 9 |- - 17 - 9- nianeoaeue 10- ecia?eoaeue iiuiinoe 11- aiaeecaoi? niaeo?a NE4-87 N caaeathuaai aaia?aoi?a 1 iinooiaao neaiae ia oiiiaeeoaeue /anoiou 2caoai ia oneeeoaeue iiuiinoe 3, oneeeaaaony e iinooiaao ia oiiiaeeoaeue /anoiou 4, aaea neaiae ia?aiineony ia ioaeioth iai /anoioo, a eiaiii ia /anoioo 6-ie eee 9-ie aa?iiieee ( a - 17 - caaeneiinoe io oiai, eaeie o ian oiiiaeeoaeue, ia 2 eee ia 3 ), aeaeaa neaiae iinooiaao ia aaoa?iaeeiiue aoiae nianeoaey 9 .Neaiae n aaia?aoi?a 5 /a?ac OI* 6, ia?aeeth/aoaeue 7, aooaithaoi? 8 iin- ooiaao ia neaiaeueiue aoiae nianeoaey. I?iaeoeou i?aia?aciaaiey n auoiaea nianeoaey ecia?ythony aiaeecaoi?ii niaeo?a 11. Ecia?aiey i?iaiaeeeenue ii neaaeothuae iaoiaeeea. *anoioa A4-80 onoaiaaeeaaeanue 4,16 AAoe i?e ?aaioa n oiiiaeaieai ia 6 iniiaiiai i?aia?aciaaiey e 2,78 AAoe i?e ?aaioa n oiiiaeaieai ia 9. O?iaaiue neaiaea A4-56 iiaeaea?aeeaaeny iinoiiiui e ?aaiui 30 ieAo. Cia/aiey /anoiou A4-56 onoaiaaeeaaeenue oaeeie aea eae oeacaii a ?acaeaea 4.1 . Oeene?iaaeinue ineaaeaiea aooaithaoi?a Ae3-36 i?e i?aauoaiee ioeeeea aiaeecaoi?a NE4-87 io aoiaeiuo neaiaeia iaae nianoaaiiuie ooiaie ia 3 aeA. ?acoeueoaou enneaaeiaaiee naaaeaiu a oaaeeoeo, a iae aea i?eaaaeaiu ioiineoaeueiua o?iaie iiai/iuo eieaaaiee aaoa?iaeeia, ecia?aiiuo a ioieoa 4.1: oaaeeoea 1 ______________________________________________________________ |Oiiiaee-|*anoioa,AAoe|Ineaaeaiea|O?iaaiue ||O?iaaiue iiai/iiai | | oaeue | |Ae3-36,aeA |iiiaoe,aeA||eieaaaiey aaoa?iaeeia| |_______|___________|__________|_________||____________________| | x2 | 27 | 76 | ---- || | - 18 - | x2 | 37,44 | 49 | -27 || -22 | | x3 | 27 | 66 | ---- || | | x3 | 34,33 | 63 | -3 || -5 | |_______|___________|__________|_________||____________________| Oaeei ia?acii ec enneaaeiaaiee aeaeii, /oi i?e eniieueciaaiee oiiiaeeoaey ia 2 ineaaeaiea eiiaeiaoeeiiiie iiiaoe i?aauoaao ioiineoaeueiue o?iaaiue iiai/iiai eieaaaiey aaoa?iaeeia. Aeey ioeaiee ineaaeaiey iiaeii ainiieueciaaoueny au?aaeaieai (2.1.13). - 18 - I?e eniieueciaaiee oiiiaeeoaey ia 3 ioiineoaeueiue o?iaaiue eiiaeiaoeeiiiie iiiaoe ia ieaea o?iaiy iiai/iiai eieaaaiey aaoa?i- aeeia.Aeey ioeaiee o?iaiy iiiaoe a yoii neo/aa iiaeii ainiieueciaaoueny au?aaeaieai (2.2.8). Ec iieo/aiiuo ?acoeueoaoia neaaeoao, /oi eiyooeoeeaio oi- iiaeaiey caaeathuaai aaia?aoi?a oeaeaniia?acii auae?aoue oaeei ia?acii, /oiau eniieueciaaoue aieiiaiaeiue oiiiaeeoaeue ia 2. - 19 - - 19 - 4.3 Ecia?aiea ioiineoaeueiuo o?iaiae eiiaeiaoeeiiiuo iiiao a aiaeecaoi?a niaeo?a. ------------------------------ _____ _____ _____ _____ | ____ ____ ____ ____ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ___ | 1 |-| 2 |-| 3 |-| 4 |-|--| 7 |-| 8 |-| 9 |-| 10 |-|--| | |_____| |_____| |_____| |_____| | |____| |____| |____| |____| | | | | | | | | | ------- | | | | | __|__ _____ | __|_ ____ ____ | |14 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 5 | | 6 |-|---------| 11 |-| 12 |-| 13 |-|--| | |_____| |_____| | |____| |____| |____| | |___| | I?aia?aciaaoaeue /anoiou | ------------------------------ - 20 - ?en.3 No?oeoo?iay noaia aeey i?iaa?ee eiiaeiaoeeiiiuo iiiao a AN. 1 - aaia?aoi? A4-156 2 - iai?aaeaiiue ioaaoaeoaeue 3 - oeeueo? iieiniaie 4 - aooaithaoi? Ae3-36 5 - /anoioiia? *3-66 6 - ecia?eoaeue iiuiinoe I3-53 7 - aaioeeue aieiiaiaeiue OAAI1-16 8 - nianeoaeue aieiiaiaeiue 7,2*3,4 ii 9 - oneeeoaeue iaeiooiyuee AY2.031.242 10 - i?aia?aciaaoaeue /anoiou 317/17 IAoe 11 - oiiiaeeoaeue /anoiou ia 2 ssIOE 434.841.067 12 - oneeeoaeue n?aaeiae iiuiinoe 10,7-17,7 AAoe 13 - oiiiaeeoaeue /anoiou (2-6,6)/(2-26) AAoe 14 - aiaeecaoi? niaeo?a N4-85 - 20 - Ecia?aiey i?iaiaeeeenue n eniieueciaaieai iaoiaeeee, eceiaeaiiie a ?acaeaea 4.2. A ea/anoaa caaeathuaai aaia?aoi?a i?eiaiyeny aaoa?iaeei- neioacaoi? i?eai?a N4-85. Ineaaeaiea eiiaeiaoeeiiiie iiiaoe ia 12-ie aa?iiieea caaeathuaai aaia?aoi?a ninoaaeei ii?yaeea 30 aeA. - 21 - - 21 - 4.Caeeth/aiea Iieo/aiiua ?acoeueoaou oai?aoe/aneiai aiaeeca ioiine-oaeueiuo o?iaiae eiiaeiaoeeiiiuo iiiao ia?aiai ii?yaeea a aiaeecaoi?ao niaeo?a EA* n i?aia?aciaaieai ia ia?aie aa?iiieea a neo/aa iaiiiio?iiaoe/aneiai neaiaea eniieue-coaiiai aaoa?iaeeia iiaoo auoue i?eiaiaiu aeey ?an/aoa noai aiaeecaoi?ia n oiiiaeeoaeyie /anoiou a aaoa?iaeeiiii o?aeoa. ?anniio?aiu aeaa neo/ay oi?ie?iaaiey aaoa?iaeeiiiai neaiaea: - n eniieueciaaieai aieiiaiaeiiai oiiiaeeoaey ia 3, - n eniieueciaaieai aieiiaiaeiiai oiiiaeeoaey ia 2. Aeey ia?aiai neo/ay iiuiinoue iniiaiiai eieaaaiey aaoa-?iaeeia iaaeinoaoi/ia aeey iaania/aiey iioeiaeueiuo ia?aiao-?ia nianeoaey. Iaeaieaa aeeceea e yenia?eiaioo ?acoeueoaou aeaao iaoiae aii?ieneiaoeee AAO aeeiaea noaiaiiui ?yaeii. Ioeaiea ii oi?ioea (2.2.10)niaiaaeaao n ?acoeueoaoaie oaaee- oeu 1 . Aeey aoi?iai neo/ay eo/oaa niaiaaeaiea ?acoeueoaoia ?an/aoa ioiineoaeueiuo o?iaiae eiiaeiaoeeiiiuo iiiao aeaao iaoiae aii?ieneiaoeee AAO aeeiaea yeniiiaioie . Ioeaiea ii oi?ioea (2.1.13) o?iaiy eiiaeiaoeeiiiie iiiaoe aeaao ?acoeue-oao ia 2 aeA ieaea ii n?aaiaieth n ioiineoaeueiui o?iaiai iiai/iiai eieaaaiey aeey iienaiiiai a ?aaioa yenia?eiaioa aac o/aoa ?anniaeaniaaiey ia aaoa?iaeeiiii aoiaea nianeoaey . Ecia?aiiue o?iaaiue eiiaeiaoeeiiiie iiiaoe ii aeaiiui oaaeeoeu 1 ieaea ioiineoaeueiiai o?iaiy iiai/iiai eieaaaiey ia 5 aeA. ?acoeueoaou oai?aoe/aneeo e yenia?eiaioaeueiuo ennea- aeiaaiee ioiineoaeueiuo o?iaiae iiiao a AN ii aeeaiaciia, iaoneiaeaiiuo iaee/eai iiai/iuo eieaaaiee a neaiaea aaoa?iaeeia, iieacuaatho , /oi aeeiaie/aneee aeeaiacii AN iiaeao auoue iaania/ai ia iaiaa, /ai aaee/eia ineaaeaiey iiai/iiai eieaaaiey oieueei a neo/aa aeinoaoi/ii aieueoiai o?iaiy iiuiinoe iniiaiiai eieaaaiey aaoa?iaeeia. Aeey enneaaeiaaiiiai nianeoaey ia aieiiaiae na/aieai 7,2x3,4 ii yoio o?iaaiue ia aeieaeai auoue ieaea 10 iAo. - 21 - 5. Nienie eeoa?aoo?u 1. H.W.Pollack, M.E.Engelson. The Microwave Jornal. 1962, Dec. 2. A.I.Ua?aa "O?oaeu o/aaiuo einoeoooia nayce",na?ey "?aaeeiec- ia?eoaeueiay oaoieea", 1969a.,aui.2. - 23 - 3. E.N.Aooeei "I?aia?aciaaiea NA* e aeaoaeoe?iaaiea",Ainyia?ai- ecaeao, 1953a. 4. E.?.Aea?a/eineee "Aii?inu ?aaeeiyeaeo?iieee",na?ey "?aaeeiec- ia?eoaeueiay oaoieea", 1969a.,aui.2. 5. A.ssiea, O.Eao, O.Yiaea "Niaoeeaeueiua ooieoeee", Ecae."Iaoea", 1968a. 6. Iao/ii-oaoie/aneee io/ao i IE? "Aiaeecaoi?-II"(i?aaeaa?eoaeueiue), IIEIE " Eaa?oe " , 1997a. 7. A.I. Aiaaeaiiae/ "Iaeeiaeiua eneaaeaiey a i?eaiii-oneeeoaeueiuo ono?ienoaao " /M , " Naycue " , 1980a. 8. A.A. Caeaaneee " Aii?inu ?an/aoa e i?iaeoe?iaaiey iaii?aiiuo ecia?eoaeueiuo i?eaiieeia " /Aii?inu ?aaeeiyeaeo- ?iieee . Aui. 3 , na?ey ?.O. , 1971a. - 23 - 3. Oaoieea aaciianiinoe Ianoiyuay ?aaioa i?iaiaeeeanue a eaai?aoi?ee aac iiauoaiiie iianiinoe . I?e ?aaioa niaethaeaeenue neaaeoth- uea i?aaeea oaoieee aaciianiinoe : - ana i?eai?u auee cacaieaiu ; - ia?aae aeeth/aieai i?iaa?yeanue i?aaeeueiinoue niaaee-iaiey i?eai?ia , a oaeaea ionoonoaea ia ?aai/ai ianoa iinoi?iiieo i?aaeiaoia; - ?aaiou i?iaiaeeeenue iiae ?oeiaiaenoaii iao/iiai ?oeiaiaeeoaey e eiinoeueoaioa ; - iinea ieii/aiey ?aaiou ana i?eai?u auee ioeeth/a- iu io naoe ieoaiey .
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