E?????? ???a
N????a
1. A???a
2. I???????e ?????e ????
2.1. A????y ????ey
2.2. I???????a ????
3. O?u ???a
4. I???????a ???a
5. I???? ??? ???e
5.1. E???ey ???
5.2. I???a ???
6. O?????????a ????u
7. E?????? ???a
7.1. Y????ay ??a ?uy???
7.2. Y????ay ??a
7.3. O?n-???? ??u
1. A???a
A ????a ??y ??? ???y?y ?????? ??ueth ??ueth??. O?a??a ??i ia ??
??ueth??, ? o????e ????? ?y ?ay ??e ??. A? ??ueth?? ?????ny ? ??????i
??ueth?? a ??i ????? ??.
I?? ???? ?i, ? ??aey ? ??, ???? ??? e ??i ???, ???a ??o ?? ???u ? ?n ?
??? ?ny? ?????, ????? ????a ? BBS (y????? ??a ?uy???) , ????e ???
?????eyi, ?????ue n ?e aea BBS ????th?a ?n ??u, ??????ue ???? ??ueth?? a
?? ??? ??a, ?e y?i (? ??ay ??? ???? ia?? ???e) ????y ??? ???? ??? a ??
??a. E?? ??, ???ue????ue ?????e ?oy? (RelCom, FidoNet) ??i ????ue e ????
y????? ??? ? ??? ??? ???, ? ????? a eth?e ??oe ???i ??. A????a ?? ?tho
?????ue ? ??? ?????ny ??ie, ? e ?????ue ? ?????? ?????yo, ???? ???e
?????e ? eth?e ????th?e ?n ????.
N????o ?e ???? ???a ????ey ??ueth??a ?y ??? ?????e: ???a????y ?y?, ??c
?????e ??; – ?y? n ??????? ???; – ?y? ??c ????a ??.
A ???? ???????y ??? ?a ?? ????? – ???????? e ????? ??c ??i.
2. I???????e ?????e ????
I????? ??? e?iueth?? ????? ?oy ? ??i ???????? ?????i ????i. I??i ?
????ey? ??e ????th ??o ?e ? ????? ?y? ? ?????e ??a ??ueth??. A? ??? ????
– RS-232-C. E??e ?????e ?a?? ??? ???? ??i?? ???a, ??c ???a e ??ueth??
??i ??eth?? ???a ?????. E??? ??? ??? ??????o ????i ????a, ??c e??? ????a
???? e ?? ???, e ?????ay ??y IRQ (??y ???a ????ey) ?y ?????? ??ueth?? ?
????e ??iy?y ??a. E??? ??o ??????y ????? ?y (COM1, COM2, e o.ae.) .
E???? RS-232-C ????? ?????e y????ie ??????? (EIA) ?e ???? ?y ????ey
??ueth??a e ????o ???????? ?????? ????a.
E??th?? IBM PC ?????? ????n RS-232-C ? a ??? ??; ??? ???, ?????? ? ???a
??ueth?? ?e ?? ???????? ???? ???, ???? ????a ? ????, ??y?o a ????n
RS-232-C e ?ath?o ????o?th?a y?? ????o ??? ??y??y.
A ??iy?a ??y ?? ???????? ???? ??? ?????ny ??ue ???. A? ??? ? ??? ???
?????:
– ??eth??a ??;
– ??eth??a ????????e, ????, ?e???, ??????;
– ?y? ?? ??ueth??a ??c ??u ???????? ???? ??? n ??????ai ?????? ??ey e
??o ????, ?e FastWire II ?e Norton Commander;
– ??eth??a ???a ?y ???? ??? ? ????? ??yi;
– ??eth??a e ?? ??i???o ??ueth??a;
I???????y ???? ??? ????, ?i ??? ???th?y ? ?????? ??e. I? y?i ?? ??a ???
???th?y ? ???e n ??????? ??? ???a. Aeey ??????e ??? ??a ??? ??? ??????
?????e ????e a?, ??a ??? ??a ??otho ?o ???ee ? ???? e ?? ?e ?a ???? ??.
E??a ?o ???? ? ???? ??o ??????ue.
E?????? ?? ????, ????o e ???? ??a ???eytho ??? ???? ???. I???i, ?i ?????
e ???? ??? ?????? ?? e ?o ? ??? ???, ??a ??i ? ????.
Ae??y ??ay ??????? – ???? ????e ???. I? ??a ??? ?? ????? ?y ?????a e
????a.
N???ue ???? ??? ??? ec??y?ny a ??o (? ???e ?????? ?????ey ?????? ????
Emile Baudot – Y. A?i) . A?u ???eytho ????? ?????? ??a a ???o. I? y?i
???ath?y e ?a?/???a ??, a ??a ?o ????.
2.1. A????y ????ey
E??th?? ??o ?? ???i ??i ?e ??y ???e ???????? ???? ???. Y? ??u ?????u ??
? ?????e ??a, ?? ? ????e ??a, ???y?? a ??u ????ey ?????e ??u.
A?atho ??a ??u, ????? ??? ?e ?n?ue ??? ???????? ???? ???. Eo ??i ????tho
?y ??eth/?ey ????? ??ueth??a ?e ????? e ???, ?????? ??ueth??. Y? ??u
?atho ???? “?????”.
A ??? ????????i ??a ???? ??? ??o ???o?a INTEL 8250 ?e ? ?????a ???e
INTEL 16450,16550,16550A. Y? ????? y?y?ny ??????i ?????i ????????? (UART
– Universal Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter) . I????a ???? ????i ?????
????a, ????o /a?c ?i?? ??a/???.
I????a 8250 ???? ???? ?????a e ????a ???. I? ???? ??a ? ?????ny a ????
???? ?????a, ??? ??i ??????ny a ????e ???? ?????a. A?o “?????y” ? n????i
???? ? ??i.
I???? ??o ??? ??? e ???? ????i, ?????a ????? a ????a ???? e ???n ???
???y?ny ?????e UART ??????e.
E ???i ?????i ?????e ???i????e ?? ??eth??ny ??c ??e??? ???. N????o ?a
????a ? ???? ????? RS-232-C, y? DB-25 e DB-9. I??e ??o 25, a ??? 9 ???a.
????a ???a DB25
I?? ????I????a ???? (? ???u ??ueth??) A?ae ?e ??ae1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9-19
20
21
22
23-25C???a ????? (Frame Ground, FG)
I?????a ??? (Transmitted Data, TD)
I????? ??? (Received Data, RD)
C??n ?y ???? (Request to send, RTS)
N?? ?y ???? (Clear to Send, CTS)
A????ue ??? (Data Set Ready, DSR)
N????a ????? (Signal Ground, SG)
Ae???? ?????? n ??e ???a (Data Carrier Detect, DCD) Ia ????th?y
A????ue ???? ??? (Data Terminal Ready, DTR) Ia ??e???y
E???? ??? (Ring Indicator, RI)
????a ???a DB9A??
A?ae
A??
A?ae
A?ae
A?ae
A??
A?ae1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9Ae???? ?????? n ??e ?a?? (Data Carrier Detect, DCD) I????? ???
(Received Data, RD)
I?????a ??? (Transmitted Data, TD)
A????ue ???? ??? (Data Terminal Ready, DTR) N?i??? ????? (Signal Ground,
SG)
A????ue ??? (Data Set Ready, DSR)
C??n ?y ???? (Request to send, RTS)
N?? ?y ???? (Clear to Send, CTS)
E???? ??? (Ring Indicator, RI) A?ae
A?ae
A??
A??
A?ae
A??
A?ae
A?ae
E???? RS-232-C ???ey? ??i ??o ???n??e ?? ??a: DTE (Data Terminal
Equipment ?????? ?????) e DCE (Data Communication Equipment ????? ?y?) .
A ?????a ???a, ? ? ???, ??ueth?? y?y?ny ?????? ?????i. I??u, i???u,
???????? ??? y?yth?y ???n??e ?y?.
N??? ????? RS-232-C
A?? TD e RD ????th?y ?????? DTE e DCE ?-???o. O????i DTE ????? ?? TD ?y
???? ???, a ?? RD ?y ??? ???. E ????, ????? DCE ????? ?? TD ?y ???, a ??
RD ?y ???? ???. Iiy?? ?y ????ey ??????i ????? e ????? ?y? ??? ? ????
????? ????ue ??y?th.
I?????? ?y?
?????? ???n ??????y ?y? ??o ??ueth??i e ???i. A ??? ??? ?y? ??ueth?? ???
??????y, ?i ??i ??o ????? ??a (????y a ???i ??iy?e) . C??, ??a ??? ????,
??i ??? ???? ??ueth??, ?i ? ?ie?? ????? n ????e ????. I???? y? ?????
??oth?i ???i.
E??th?? ??? ??? ? ??e DTR, ?i? ???? ???, ?i ? ??a e ?i???th ??? ?y?. A
??o ??i ??? ??? ? ??e DSR. E?? ??i ???? ????ea n ???, ????i ???i, ? ???
??? ? ??e DCD, ??u ?i??ue ? y?i ??ueth??.
A?e ??y??a ? ??e DTR ???, y? ???? ???, ?i ??ueth?? ? ??o ??a ????? ??n
?y?, ???? ?-? ??, ?i ??th?? ???a ??uetho?a. A y?i ??? ??i ???o ?y?. A?e
??y??a ? ??e DCD ???, y? n???o ??ueth??, ?i ??i ???ye ?y? e ? ??o ???
????? ?????. A y?i ??? y? ???u ?tho ??o ? ???a ?y? ??o ???i e ??ueth??i.
No???? ??a ???e ???ue, e??? ?????ny ?y ????ey ????th ??? ???e, ? ? ??a
?????y ????i. I????? ????? ????th ??? ???e (????? ???i) ?????, ??
?????ny ???? ???o ???a ?i?o n ???e ????th. E?? ?? ???a ???ny ???? ??? n
a??? ????th, ?i ?e ??o ?? ??a??u ???ath?e ????, ?????i ??o ??ue ???y ??e
?????? ???. *?? ??????ue ???? ???? ??a ???, ?i ?, ???a ??o ?? ?????,
????tho ????? ?y?th, ????? “????? ???i”.
N???o RS-232-C ???ey? ?????ue ????ey ???i ??? ?y ???????i ????ey, ?e
???i a ??? ??? ???e ??? ??o ????o?y ??? a ?? ???o.
O????e y?o ???? ?????ny e ?y ????? ?????, ??a ??? ???ath?y ? ??e ?y?
?????? a ?oo ?????yo.
O????a ???i
A ??????? ????eyo ????? DTE ??? ??? RTS, ??a ?i ??? ??ae?ue ???. DCE
???? ???? ? ??e CTS, ??a ?i ???, e DTE ???? ???? ?i?o. Aei ?o ??, ?? ?a
???a RTS e CTS ? ??? ???? ??iy?a, ??? DCE ??o ????? ???.
I? ????? ????eyo ???u RTS/CTS ?atho ???ey ???????a ?i, ???a i? ??e ?y
??????? ?????.
E?? DTE ??o ??y? ???, ? ??? ??? ? ??e RTS. A?e ?e y?i DCE ??? ?y ??y?y
???, ?i ????? ?a?e CTS. A?e ??y??a ? ??yo RTS e CTS i??o, ? y? ????
???th?e ???a, ?i ???th?y ???a ? ??? ?y ?e?a ???.
I??i ? ???? ? ?a ?e ???. N???? ??ueth?? e ??i ? ???ey? ??a, o.e. ????n
RS-232-C ?e ?c ?y y?? e ??????. Ii ?? ? c???a ?y?? ??? ?a ??ueth?? ?e
??? ??? ? ??ey, ???e ? ?i????e ?y ?y? ??? e ??ueth??, oi o ?n ????o
????. Aeey ????ey ?? ?????? ????a – ?? ??ueth??a – ?e ???i ????? ????o?a
????? ??e TR e RD. I??i ??i y?? ??????, o.e. ?y ????a DTE e DCE ?i??,
???y?? ??y? DSR, DTR, DCD, CTS, RTS ??????.
O????i DTE ??? ??? DTR e ???o i???ey ???? DSR e DCD. A ?ith ???ue,
?o???i DCE ??? ???u DSR, DCD e ???o i???ey ???a DTR. O?? ???i, ?? ???e?
??? ?a ????? DTE ???i, ???e ? ?????? ?y ????ey ????a DTE e DCE, ? ?e ?
??? ?????ny ?? n ???.
O??ue ???? e ???? RTS e CTS, ????ey ???i ???. ??? ?y ????ey ?? ????a DTE
y? ??e ???ytho ??? ? ??? ??a ??ey. A ????oa ???? ?, ?i ??? ????? ??aea
??? ?y ????y ???. Iiy??, ?? ?e ???e ???? ???? ???ath?a ????? ? ????
????ue e ?????? ???, ???? ???y ???.
*?? ??? ?a y? ???? ?y ????ey ?? ????a ?? DTE ?????ny ?????e ???, a ???a
????? ??-???i.
O????? ????u e????a RS-232-C
I? ???? ??? ? ???a ???y?y ?c ??????y ?????e ????? ?-? ??o, ????o
y???????? ?ey?, ???? ??????a ???. A????a y?ai ????ath?y ?????y ? ??o
???????i ??ey ??o ?????? DTR-DTR e DTR-DCE.
I????? ?????a ? ??a ?y n??????? ??ey ? ????o RS-232-C ???ey? 15,24 ??a.
I??i ? ???? y? ???y?a ??o ?? ?????i ???. I? ??n????? ???o ? ???? ????
???.
110?ae 1524i / 914,4i 300?ae – 1524i / 914,4i 1200?ae – 914,4i / 914,4i
2400?ae – 304,8i / 152,4i 4800?ae – 304,8i / 76,2i 9600?ae – 76,2i /
76,2i
I??a ???? – ???? ???? a a??, ??? – ?????ay ??a ?y y????a??i ??ey, ??? –
?????ay ??a ?y ?y??????? ??ey.
O??e ??y??y ? ??yo ???a ???eytho ?y ?????i ?ey -15.. -3 ???, ?y ?????
???u +3.. +15 ??o. I????e ? -3 ? +3 ??o ??????o ???????o ???eth.
2.2. I???????a ????
I?? ?????? ????
Ia y?? ??????e ???u, ??? POST BIOS ????o ?ath??y ?????a ??u RS-232-C e
??????? ?. A ?????e ? ??? BIOS ??????th?y ??? ?a ?e ??? i??. Eo ???a ???
????ath?y a ???e ??? BIOS, ???y n ??? 0000: 0400h.
I??e ???? COM1 ??o ???e ??n 3F8h e ???? ???? ???a ? 3F8h ? 3FFh. A???
???? COM2 ??o ???e ??n 2F8h e ??i?o ??? 2F8h.. 2FFh.
A????? ???? ??o ?????? i????y: COM1, COM3 – IRQ4 COM2, COM4 – IRQ3
E??ny 7 ???? ????a ?y ????ey ???e:
a) ???? ???
???? ??? ????? ???????i ? ???? ??? ??a RS-232-C e ?????ny aeey ??? ???e
e ?y ???y ???? ???.
Aeey ???? ??? a y?o ???? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ???. I?? ??? ??? ? ????
????? ??y?e ?? ??i ????ue ? y?? ? ????.
A ?????e ? ??iy?y ???ai ?? ???yth?? ???? (??????? ? ??? base_adr+3, ?a
base_adr ??????o ???? ??? ??a RS-232-C) ????? y?? ???? ??o ??iy?ny. A?e
???e ?o ??i ?eth, ???? ?????ny ?y ??? ?????uo ???. A?e ? ???e ?o ??i
???a, ???? ?????ny ?y ??a ?a??y ???? ??a ???ey ???u ???i? ?????. E??yy
????? ???ey, ??i ??iy? ???? ???? ???. N??ee ?? ???ey ?????ny a ????
????ey ????ey? ? ??? base_adr+1.
I?????y ???? ??? ?????e, ???th ??i ???ue ?e ??????e ??o???i ????, ????o
115200 ?ae, ?i ???ii ??????o 14 E?? a ???o.
a) ???? ????ey ????ey?
Y?o ??n? ?????ny ?? ?y ????ey ????ey? ? ?????? ????, ?? (??a ??? a
???yth?e ?a?? ??a n ??????i a 1 ???i ?o?) ?y ??? ???ey ???? ??a ?e??y
???u ????i ?????.
a) ???? ??????e ????ey
N???y ?i ?????, ????a ??o ????? ???o ????ey
a) O??eyth?e ????
O??eyth?e ???? ???? ? ??? e ??eth. Y?o ???? ???y? ????? ???????? UART:
????th ???? ???, ????i ????, ????e ???a BREAK, ??? ?????? ??(????) .
ae) ???? ????ey ???i
???? ????ey ???i ???y? ??iy?? ???? ??e DTR, RTS e ??e, ??????o ?y ???a –
OUT1 e OUT2, a ??a ???? ae????? ?e n????? ??? ??a e ??? ?????? ????.
a) ???? ??iy?y ??e
???? ??iy?y ??e ???ey? ???o ???, ???a ??o ????? ?e ????a ??? ??o
??ueth??i e ?????e UART.
ae) ???? ??iy?y ???
???? ??iy?y ??? ???ey? n??y?a ???yth?o ????, ?????? ??i? ?????? ??o
??ueth??.
E?????ey ?????? ????
I??a, ?i ??? ???ue ????a, ???ath?y n ?????i ????i ????? ??? e ???? ????e
???. I?? ???? ?????? ???u ?y ?????o ????a ???????y ???? 2400 ?ae, ?
???y?ny ???? ? ????, ????th?y ?? ???? e ??????y ??a ??????i ???a. I??
???? y?o ??i ???? MS-DOS MODE.
A???a ?? ? ???yth?? ????, ????a ??o ???? ???e ??i ?a??a. Aeey ????e ???
??? ???? ??? ?i ?ey e ???? ??e ?? ??? ???i a ???yth?e ????.
A?e ?i ?? ??? ??a ???? ???? ??? ???e, ??ae ???th ??a ??? ????? ???e ?o
y?ai ??a a 1, ?e y?i ???? ??? e ???yth?e ???? ????th?y ?y ???y ???? ???.
C?? ???????i ??y ????e ??a ????a ???? ???u ????i ?????. I??? ?? ???? a
???? ???, a ???e – a ???? ????ey ????ey?.
I?? ???i ??? ????? ??a ?????????ue ???? ????ey ????ey?, ?? ?? a ??e
????a ? ??e?oth?y ????ey ? ?????? ????. Aeey y?? ???a ?? ????e ??n? ???
e ???? ????ey ????ey? a ???e ??i, ???a ?? a ??o? ?o ???yth?? ????. C??
??i ??????ue ???? ????ey ????ey?. An? ????ey ?i ? ??u, c??e? a y?o ??
???a ????.
N????? ????? UART O????e ????? UART 8250 a ? ???? ?? ??????? ?e?i a ???
??eyo ??ueth??a IBM PC. N????ua ????? – UART 16450,16550,16550 A ??????a
? ??e ?????, ???ytho ???ue ??a ???e ???? ??? ???e, a ??a ???tho ???
?????e ?????y?.
I???a ?????e ????o ????i UART: 8250 (8250-B) :
E?????ny ? ??? ??eyo IBM PC
– 16450 (8250-A) : Y? ????? ?a? ???th ????????? ? ????th n 8250. O????e
y? 8250, ? ??????e n ??????? ??e ?????. I????a ????a ????i ????ey
(scratch register) . O???? ??? a ???? ????ey ????? e ????a ???i?? ????
??e OUT2 a ????????a ??iy?a ? ??y ????ey ???, ??a ??ae ??? ???o ? ??.
– 16550: O????e ??????o 16450. Ae???? ?????ue ????? ?????e ?????? e
?????o ???. A??a ????u ? ??a FIFO (First In First OUT – ??? ??e, ???
??e) e?, ???e ???e a ?? ???e. I? ??????e ?????e ???? ???i ?a??? ??i
?????, ??????? ????i? ???. I??i ?-? ??? a ????ia y? ??iae??ue ??a ?
?????? – ??i ???y? ????a ???u. A ??i ??? ????? 16550 ??a ???y, ?i 16450.
Ae?????? 16550 ?? ?????ue ?????? ????i ???a ?y?? ???a (DMA channels) .
– 16550A (16550AN) N?????? 16550, ????? ??? ????? FIFO. Y? ????? ??
?????ue ??????y ?????? ????? ???a ?y?? ???a. 16550 A, ?e ???i, ?????ny a
??ueth??o n ?????? 80386/486 e a ?i?th??o n RISC-??????. A?e au ??? ????
? ???oyo ???o, ?i 9600 ?ae, ????? ?????? ??? y? ?????.
3. O?u ???a
A ??iy?a ??y ?????y ???? ????? ?????? ???a, ???y ? ?????, ?????th?o ????
???? ??i 300 a?/?e, ? ???o ??-???? ??, ???yth?o ?i ???ue n ??? ??ueth??
?? ?e ???? ??? a eth?th ??o ??.
A ???? ??o ????? ??? i ?e ????? hayes-?????o ???a. Y? ??? ?????tho
??????e ??? Hayes ??? AO-??? ????ey ????. A ??iy?a ??y ??a ??? ???
????th?y ? ?? ?? ?y ?y? ?????uo ??ueth??a IBM PC/XT/AT, PS/2 ??c ?????
??e.
A???? ??? ????u ?? ?e ????y ??a, ???y?ay a ?? ia ?????e ??a ??ueth??, ??
a ?? ????? ???a n ??? ???y, ???e ??eth??ny e ????????o ?????? ??o
??ueth??. I??e ? ?c ????ny ????? ???i, a ??? – ???i.
O???e ??i ???? ??oth?a ?i???u: ????????? ???????, ???eyth?e ???e ???,
?????th ?iy?, o?iy?th ???ey ????a ??? e ????th?a ???th/???oth ????eth,
??iy?oth i?y?, ???e, ???yth?e ???y? ???? ???? ?y?, a ??a ae??? ???????a
y???u (???????, ????u, ??????, ???u) . A?e o ?n ???i?i ?????e ??i, ? ?
??? ??i ??????i ???? y?????e ?????i???oth ??iy?oth ?iy?, a ???e ??o ??
????a ???o??ey ??? ?? ?e ??th??e ???y.
*?? ??? ??e ?????ny ?? n ??? ?????e, ??, ??u ?e ??e???e ????? ???u ????
??? ? ????? ??yi. Aeey ????? ????? ???? ??? ?e ??? ?????e i?ae????e
???????e ???o ? o????e e ????e (CCITT) e ??y? ??oth?a ??????: CCITT V.
21 – 300 bps. I??, ????????? ?i?e ??????e, ?????? ?y ???? ??? ? ????? e
??????i ??yi.
Ii ???? a ?????i ????? ???. Aeey ???? e ??? ??? ?????ny ??? ????e
??ey?e.
CCITT V. 22 1200 bps. I??, ???th?e a ?????? n ??? ??????e, ?????
?????-?????e ????? ??i ????. A????i-n????e ??i ????, ?i ??ueth?? ????
??? ??? a ?????i ??ia. I?? ??y? ? ??? ??? ??ueth?? ????a e ???? ??. E ?a
a ????? ?? ???? ? ????? e??th??. Aeey ??ey?e ??????i ???a ???y?ny ??ae
???????? o??? ??ey?e.
CCITT V. 22bis 2400 bps. Ae????e ??i, ? ????th ????e ??? 2400 bps. I?
???? ? ????th 2400 bps ?????ny ??ae ?????? ??ey?e, a ?e ???? 1200 – ??ae
???????? ?c?? ??ey?e. Ia ???? 1200 bps ??i CCITT V. 22bis ????i n CCITT
V. 22.
CCITT V. 23 600/1200 bps. A????? ??i, ????th?e ??ae ????e ??ey?e. I??
??o ???? a ????? ??? ? ????th ???? ??? ? ?y?? ??? – 600/1200 bps, a ?
???? – ??? 75 bps. Y?o ???? ? ???o? n CCITT V. 21, V. 22, V. 22bis.
Bell 103 – 300 bps, Bell 212A – 1200 bps.
Bell – y? ?????? ????, ? ?????e ? ?????e CCITT.
4. I???????a ???a
I?? ???a ?????ie ??? Hayes ???a ??e Smartmodem, ???a ???, ??????ay a ?e,
??a ??i ????ii, ???? ?????th?y ????a ??u ?????? ???a. N??? ???, ???y?ay
a y?o ???o, ??o ???? hayes-??iae, ?e AT-???.
Ni ???e ???a ??? AT-?????o ???a ??? ? ??? ????i ????ny, ? ?a ???? ???u
???? ?c ????y.
A? ???u, ?????? ??ueth??i ???, ?? ???? ????i AT (ATtention ????) e
?????ue ???? ???? ???e (
??otho ?y ?ay ???? AT.
I?? ???? AT ??o ?? ?? ?e ??o ????i ???. Aeey y??? y? ???u ??o ?? ???? ??
? ??a ????e ???a, ??, ????. A ?????a ???a ???u ??o ?? ?i??u ?e ?????, ?e
e ????e ???e.
I? ???? ??? ??? ?e ???a ??ny?y ? ????? ???, ???e, e? ???i, ??o ??? 40
????. E???, ????? a ??? ???, ???yth?y ??a ?????y ???a ???? ???e. A????a
??????? ???a ??? ? ???o ????? ??? ???i ???a ???u (??? ???a ???) . Ae???
???u ??i ????ue ? ??e e ????? a ???ueei ???a. I? y?i ??ay ??ue ???
????ny ????i AO e ??????y ???? ???? ???e.
A?e ? ????e ??? ?e ??? ???u, ? ? ??i ????ue, ????y ???o BackSpace.
I?? ????ey ??? ???u ??i ???? ???? ??ueth?? ??o a ?? ??a ?e ??a. Y?o ??o
????, ????a ? ???a ?e ????a ???.
A?e o ?n ???e ??i, ? ? ?i ???e ??? ????y ??? ???? ?????a. O?y ? ?????? ?
????o ??eyo ??o ?iy?ny, ? ?i???ey y?yth?y ??????: MR Modem Ready I?? ??a
e ??? ???e. A?e y?o ????? ia ??o, ? ?? ????ue ??th ???y ???.
TR Terminal Ready – E??th?? ??a e ??? ???e n ???i. Y?o ????? ??o, ??a
i?? i??? ? ??ueth?? ??? DTR.
CD Carrier Detect – E???? ????ny, ??a ??i i???? ???th ???o ? ??e. E????
??? ??? ? ??y??e ??i ??? ?y? e ???ue, ??a ?? ? ???a ????o ??th.
SD Send Data E???? i??o, ??a ??i ???? ??? ? ??ueth??.
RD Receave Data – E???? ???, ??a ??i ??ae?o ??? e ??ueth?? HS High Speed
I?? ???? ? ?????i ????e ?y ?? ????.
AA Auto Answer
I?? ????y a ??? ?????. Oi ?? ??i ??????e ??o ??/?ue ? ???y?a ???. E??
??i ????o ??? ? ????? ??e, y?o ?ae??? ????.
OH Off-Hook
Y?o ????? ??o, ??a ??i ?ye ??? (???? ??th) .
I???a ???u ??? AT – I??i (???n) ????e ???. I?? ????y y?e ???u ??i
??????e ?????? ??i?ue ???? e ??? ??? e ????? ??ueth??.
A – A????. A?e ??i ???????i i??a ??th?i (S0=0) , ???a ?????ny ?y ??? ?
??ie ? ????? ???. E??? ???ey? ??i ?y? ??? (??eth??ny e ??e) e ????? ?y?
n ????i ???i.
A/ – I?? ???y? ???ithth ????th ???o. E??? ????ny ? ??i ?c ?a??a AT e
???y?ny ???i ?????, ? ??ay ???a ???a ???? ???e. A?e ? ????? ??? ??? AT
A/
Bn – E??? ????? ??? ????a, ?a??i ???? ??o ?????ue ??i ???e ??o ????. I?
???? ???? 300 ?o/n ????? ??? ??o ?????e BELL 103 e CCITT V. 21, ?e ????
1200 bps – ??o BELL 212A e CCITT V. 22bis. I? ???? 2400 bps y? ???a
?????ny e ?????ny ???? CCITT V. 22. A?e n=0, ?????ath?y n???? CCITT V.
21/V. 22, a ?? n=1 ????u BELL 103/212A.
Ds – E??? ?????ny ?y ??? ???. I?? ????y y?e ???u ??i ??i?o ??? ??? e ?e
?????? ?y? ????o a ??i ???? ???. E??aea ???o ? ???? AT, ???a D e ?????i
???, a ??? ???? ??o ???ue ??oth?a ???yth?a ??????: P ?e T. Y? ??????
????yo ??? ??o ????? e ???e ???? ??? (a ??e ??? ?????ny ????ay ???a) .
, – N??e ?iy?e ??a?o ??o i? ??? ???. Ae?????ue ??u ???ey?ny ????? ????
S8.
; – N??e ??e n ?iy?e, ?? ? ????y a ??a ????e ???, ????o ??i ??a ??? ???
a ????e ??i.
@ – I?? ???o iy?????e ??? ? ??e a ???a ????i ????? ???e. I????e ???e, a
???a ????i ??i ???o ???, ???ny a ??n?a S7. A?e a ???a y?? ???e ??u ??? ?
??, ??i ??th??ny e ?a??o NO ANSWER.
! – A?e ??! ??o ??ae ???e ????????? ???, ??i ????o a ??iy?a ON HOOK (???
???) ? 1/2 ???u, a ??i ??a ????o a ??iy?a OFF HOOK (???o ???) .
S – I?? ???? ????? ???, ????? a ?i ?iy?. Y? ???a ???y?ny ??? aeey ???a,
?ath?o ????oth y???????oth ?iy? e ?????ue ??? a ?a ???a ????a.
R – I?? ??? ??? ????o ??i a ??i ?????. Y?o ?????? ??? ????ny a ??a
?????i ???.
W – I?? ????? ???i ?????i ??? ??i ???o ???e ??e ? ??e. I??i ??y ???ey
??a ????ny a ???? S7. A?e a ????? ??y ??e ? ?y??y, ??i ????? ??? ??? e
????? ????a NO DIALTONE. Y?o ???? ??o ?? ???i ?e ???a ??????o ???a.
En – O????a y?-???i ???, ?????? ???. I?? ???u A1 ??i ????? ??? ??,
?????? ?o, ???i ??ueth??, ?i ???y? ???, ?e ???? ?y? ??? e ??ueth??. E???
A0 ????o y?-??ae.
Fn I??eth??a ??o ?????/??????? ????. I? n=0 ???ae a ??????? ??i, a ?e
n=1 – a ?????.
Hn – Y? ???a ?????ny ?y ????ey ????? ???. A?e n=0, ? ????? ??th??a ??? ?
??e, ?? n=1, ??i ??eth??ny e ??e.
In – A??o ????????e ?ae ??? e ?????th ??o ?????i ?iy? ???. A?e n=0, ??i
???? ?? ????????e ?ae, ?? n=1, ??i ???? ???o ?????e ??u EPROM e ???? ?
??uetho?o, n=2 – ??i ???y? ??iy?a ????? ?iyoe ROM e ????? ????a OK ?e
CHECKSUM ERROR (??? ?????e ??u) . I? n=3 ???ny ??iy?a ???.
Ln – O???? ????e ???a ?????i ????: n=0,1 ??????o ??? ??e??, n=2 – ???e e
n=3 ??????.
Mn – O????a ????? ????i. I? n=0 ae??? ??th?i. I? n=1 ???e ?eth?i ??? ?
??y ??? ??? e ??th?i ??a ?????y ???e. I? n=2 ???e ?eth?i ?a ??y. I? n=3
???e ?eth??ny ??a ??? ????e ??u ??? e ??th??ny ??a ?????y ???e ???th?ai
???.
Qn – O????a ???i ??? ? AT-???u. I? n=0 ??o ????, ?e n=1 ??o ????. I????i
? ??iy?y Q0 ?e Q1 ??i ??? ???? ????? S-????a, ?? ????????e ?ae, ?????th
??o ?iy? e ????? ??a.
On – E??? ????o ??i ? ????? ??? a ??i ???? ???. I? y?i ??i ???? CONNECT.
E??? I e I0 ???aeyo ??i a ??i ???? ??? a? ??????y ????????? ???? ????
??e ?y?. E??? I1 ????o ??i a ??i ???? ??? e ?n??y? ??i ???? ?????????
???? ???? ??e ?y?, o.a. ?????ue i???? ?????? n ????i ???i.
Sr? – *??a ?????i ???? ???, ?ath?? ??? r.
Sr=n – C??ue a ???? ??? n ???i r ??a n. *?? n ??o ??ue ???ey ? 0 ? 255.
A? ???u ?????tho ????? i??i ?e ??a S-????a. I???? S-????u ???? ?a???
????u, ???a ??i ??iy? ??? ???? S.
Vn – I????o ??? ?? ??? ??? ? AT-???u. I? n=0 ??o ????? ???? ??i, a ?e
n=1 ??i ???? a ????? ?? ? ????? y??. E?????? ???? ??u ??oa ????o ??a??
?????a ????ey ???u ?e ??n?? ?????o ???? ????ey ???i.
N????? ??? ???a ??? OK 0 I?? ???? ???o ?c ??? CONNECT 1 I?? ????e ?y? ?
????th 300 bps RING 2 I?? ????e ??? ??? NO CARRIER 3 I?? ???ye ???th
?n?? ERROR 4 I??a a ????e ??? CONNECT 1200 5 Ii?i ????e ?y? ? ????th
1200 bps NO DIALTONE 6 I????a ???a ???e ?e ?y?e o??e BUSY 7 I?? ????e
??? “?iy?” NO ANSWER 8 I? ??? ??a ???ey ???a CONNECT 600 9 I?? ????e ?y?
? ????th 600 bps CONNECT 2400 10 I?? ????e ?y? ? ????th 2400 bps Yn –
N??a ??th??y ??? ? ??e. N???otho ae? ???a ??th??y ??? ? ??e: ?a????, ??a
??i ???? ????? ?a?e DTR ? ??ueth??, e ???????, ??a ??i ???? ? ??a??i
?ae?a ??? ???? BREAK. E??? ATH0 ???ey? ?a???o ??? ??? ???a BREAK, ???e
??ny 4n. I? n=0 ??i ??th??ny ?????, ?e n=1 ??i ??th??ny ??a ????y ? e??
???a BREAK.
Z – N????o ?????eth ???. I? y?i ? ?a ???? ???ath?y ???ey, ??y?a ?
????th. C???y ????a, ??y?a ? ????th ???y ? y???????? ?iy? ??? ?e, ?? ??i
?e? ?iy? ? ??o, ? ??iy?? ?iy? ?e ???ey?ny ??aey ? ???th?o?? ? ??a ???.
+++ Escape-?????????, ?????ay ?y ???? a ????e ??i ??? ???. A?a??y y?e
???a ??i ???e ? ??ia ???? ??? ???i a ????e ?ae? ??? ?c ???a ?y?. I??
???o ??? ??ae e ??a ?????y yo? Escape-?????????. A???a y?? ????ea ???
????? a ???? S12.
&Cn – Ae??y ???a ???y? ???? DCD ??? RS-232-C. I? n=0 ??? DCD ??? ???i, a
?e n=1 ??? DCD ???????y ??? ??a, ?a? ??i ?????? ???th ???o ? ????? ???.
&Dn O????a ???? DTR. I? n=0 ??i ????? DTR, n=1 – ?e ??? ???a DTR ??i
????o a ????e ??i ???, n=2 – ?e ??? n??? DTR ??i ????? ?y?, ??th??ny ?
??e, ??th?? ??i ????? e ????o a ????e ??i ???, n=3 – ?e ??? ???a DTR
??????e ?????ny e?????y ???, ?e ?e ????? ???u ATZ. I?? ?????? ???th ???a
DTR, ?? ??? DTR ?????o ??? ???e, i?????? a ???? ??? S25.
&F – ??i ??????o ?????eth, ????oth a ??iy?oth ?iy?.
&Gn A?th??a/??th??a ???? ???u. n=0 – ???ay ???a ??th??, n=1 ??i ?????
???oth ???o 550 Hz, n=2 – i?? ????? c???th ???o 1800 Hz. E?????? ???
???u ???o ? ?????? ????? ??e.
&Ln – A? ??e ?y?. I? n=0 ???? ? ???i (??????i) ??yi ?y?, n=1 ???/a ?
????? ???i.
&Mn – O???? ?????/?????i ???a ???. I? n=0 ???????y ?????e ??i, ?e
n=1,2,3 ???????y ????? ??i.
&Pn O???? ?????i ?y????a ??? ??? a ?????? n ????? ??ae???. I? n=0 –
?y???? ????ey ????a/???? 39/61 (A???) , ?e n=1 – 33/67 (A??y) .
&Rn O????a ???? CTS: n=0 – ??? ????o a ???? ??iy?a ??a ????y ??a? RTS.
Ae??a, ?????? ??? ? ?????y ???a RTS, ????th?y. A?e n=1 ??i ????? RTS.
&Sn O????a ???? DSR ??a RS-232-C. I? n=0 ??? DSR ???i ???, a ?e n=1 ???
DSR ???c???y ??? ??a ????y y?? ?????ey ?y? ??o ????.
&Tn O?????a ???. Io n ???o ?ae ??a.
&V – I?? ????? ?ith ???th ?i????th e ????? ???, ????? a y???????? ?iy?.
&W – I?? ????? ?ith ???th ?????eth a y???????oth ?iy?. I? ??? ??? ??o
????a ??? y? ?????ey.
&Zn – E?????y ?y ??? ?e???ai ??? a y???????oth ?iy? ???. E????i ????a
???o ? ??? ?ae?a.
I???a ???? ???????ey ???a
Ae??i e ??? ????? ??c ??a?????e ?????e ??. I? y?i ?y ???? ??? ??? ?
????? ??? ???? a ???? ??? COM-??a, ? ???i ????y ??i. I?? ? ??? ??a ????o
??c ???????? i?o. I???ay ??? ???u, ?i ??i i?????????, ????e a ??i ?????
?e ????ue ???ue ???.
Ei?a ??i ???o ??? ????? ???? ?e ??a ??? a ??? ????? ??? ??a, ? ????ny
????? ?y? n ????i ???i. I?? ?????ey ?y? ??i ???? ??ueth?? ??c COM-??
?????a ????a e ???th??y ? ?i???i ??? a ??i ???? ???. I?? y?? ???, ??????
???, ???atho ??????ny ? ?e ???u e ??o ???th?y ? ???i?e ??e ? ????e ??i.
E?e, ??a ?????ey ?y? n ??a?? ???i, ???????ay ????a i?? ???? ??i ???e.
I?? ???e ?e ?, ?e e ???? ???, ????ey?ny ??c COM-??. C?? ?e ??? ?????e
Escape-????????? ??i ???th?? ??i ? ??? ???? ??? ???i a ????e ??i e ????
?oaeo, ???? ?y? n ????i ???i.
I????????ue ???? ?y ?????ey ?y?
a) E?????ey COM-??a
I???i ??????th COM-??a, e ???? ??eth?i ??i. Aeey y?? ??????i ???? ?????
UART, ???y ??? ??? e ???? ???. C???, ?i ??i a?? ????ue ????? n ????i
???i ?e ?c ? y?e ????. *? ???oue ??, ?i ???a ??o ?????ue ??i ???e n
????i ???i.
I??i ?e ????? ???? ? ??? ????? ??yo ??? ????? ????? ???.
a) E?????ey ???
I???ay ??? AT-???u ??c NII-??, ????? ?i ??????th. I? ??? AO-??? ??i
????? ????a ??? ?a?u ??? ???ue ???? ???, ????oue ??? ???????o ????e ???
e o.ae.
a) N????a n ????i ???i
I???i ??? ???o ??? ??? (ATD) . A y?i ??? ??i ???? ??? e ???ny ????? ?y?
n ????i ???i. E? ???? ??? ???o AT S0=1 ?y ????a ?i a ??i ?????. I?? y??
??i ???o ??? ? ????? i??a, a ??a ? ????, ???ny ??i??ue n ?i ?y?.
a) I??? ??o ? ???
A ?????e ? ???, a ???i ????y ??i, ? ??o ????? ??ueth?? ????a ????y.
I????, ?? ??i ????? ??a ????? ??? (AO-e??? ATD) , ? ??i ??o ??? ??oth?a
????y: CONNECT O???a ????? BUSY I?? ?iyo NO DIALTONE Ia ??e ?????o ???
?????a NO ANSWER A??? ? ???? NO CARRIER I???ay ???a ????? ?y? E?? ????
???, ??i ???? ??ueth?? ????a RING, ?? ???? ??? S0 ??i ?eth. A y?i ??? ?y
??? ? ??? ?? ???ue ??? ???o AOA. A?e ??i ????y a ??? ????? e ???? ?ae?a
S0 ? ??i ?eth, ? ??i ??????e ???ny ???? ? ??? e ?ae? ??? ??oth?a ????y:
CONNECT O???a ?a???a NO DIALTONE I? ???e ???u ????? ?ae?a NO CARRIER
I???ay ???a ????? ?y? A?e ??i ???e ?iiueth?? ???i? CONNECT, ???, ? ???i
???? ????? e ??? ???? a ??? ???? ???. O??ue ?a ???, ???a ? ????? ??? ??c
NII-??, ??o ??????u ???i a ??o, ????th ?y ???? ? ????? ??yi, e ????
????? ???. E ????, ???, ??y?a ???i ? ????? ??e, ???aey?y a ???oth ??o e
??o ?? ????u ??c NII-??, e ???? ??eth?i i??.
A?e ??i ???e ??ueth?? ????y BUSY, NO DIALTONE, NO ANSWER, NO CARRIER
???, ????? ????? n ????i ???i ? ???ue e ?? ????ny ????ue ?????.
ae) I??th??a ??? a ????e ??i
I?? ????y ??? ???????ay i???? ??? ????e ??i a ????e ??i e ???? ?o ???o
???? ??? (ATH0) . Aeey ???? ??? a ???i? ??i ??i ???????y
Escape-?????????th “+++”. I?? ?? ?e ??i ???e a ????e ??i, ??i ?y? ?????
?o AO-???u.
a) N????i ???u ? ??yo DTR e RTS
I??e ???ue ???? DTR e RTS ???? i??o, ?i ??ueth?? ? ??a e ??? ??? ??c
COM-??.
I? ??? n ?????i ???????? ????i ? ??? ?????? ???? ?????. O? ?e ???? e ??i
??? ???i ????eytho ??e ????ue ???n, ? ????? ????? ? ??? ???y? ??????
?????? ??y ?y ??? ??.
5. I???? ??ia ???e
5.1. I???? ????e ??? ???i ??iy
I? ???? ??? ? ?????i ????? ??yi ??? ????? ??y???, ?i ???, ?????? i??
???i, ??o ??y? ??? ???i a ????? ??. I????, ????a ??ae???a ??u ??o ????
?? ???? ?e ?? ??? ????ue.
Aeey ??, ??u ?????? ?? ????, /? ?i ??? ???? ?c i??e, ????th?y ????u
????e ???.
I?ay ??a ???? ??? ? ???i?i n ????? ??? ??oth?y: ??? ???th?y ????? ???e
(????) ? 16-20000 ??, a ?????e ? ???? ?y?. E??e ?? ????ny ?????, a ???i
???a ?????y ????ey, ???? ?i???ay ??a ??a. I???th?e ??ueth?? n???y???
?????? ?????th ??o ?ae?? ??a e ????? ? n ?????e ??? ? ????a ??a. A?e y?
ae? ?????e ??u ???e, ???ath?y ????a ???o, ?i ?? ???i ?c ???. A ????i ???
???ath?e ??ueth?? ???? ???th?? ??? ? ????th ???? y?? ??a.
I???? ????e ??? ??o ?? ?????u ?e ? ???o?i ???, ?e e ? ?????i. A????e
???ue ?????e ??a y????i. A??????a ????? ????? ????a MNP ???? ? 30% ??,
?i ?????.
MNP-????u MNP (Microcom Network Protocols) – ??y ???? ???????? ?i???o
?????, ???a ??????y ? ???o ??u Microcom. Y? ????u ?????tho ??????oth
????th ??? e ????eth ?????? ???.
N??n ???? 10 ?????: MNP1. I???e ????? ???, ????th?e ?????e ??????? ??ae
???? ???. Y? ??e ???e ? ????? MNP.
MNP2. I???e ????e ???, ????th?e ?????e ????? ??ae ???? ???.
MNP3. I???e ????e ???, ????th?e ????? ????? ??ae ???? ??? i?? ????
(????n ??i ??ueth?? ???ny ?????i) .
O? ?e ?e ?????e ???? ??e???y ?ny? ?o ? ?? – ??? ?o ???, ????e ?o e ????
?o, a ?e ????? ??? ???, ? a yo? ???y ?????ue ???? ?i? ???e ? 20%.
MNP4. I???e, ????th?e ????? ??ae ????, ?????? ?????th ?? ???, ???y ????i
???? ?y?????? ????u MNP2 e MNP3. E?? ??, ?e ????e /?? ??? ? ??e ???????
?iy?ny e ??? ??? ?????? ???. I? ????? ??a ??? ??? ??ia ?????y, ????ay
??y??? ????i ?????y ????o ???.
Y?????? y?? ??? ???ey? ?i? 20% ? ????th n ???e ????e ???.
MNP5. Ae???o??i e ???i MNP4, MNP5 ??i ????? ???e ??ae ??ey ?????? ?????.
N??? ??i ???ath??y a i?????i ??a ???th?y ????e ??a ???e ??u, ?i ??i
???ath??y ???u. Ae?????? ???th?y ???a ???e i????o ????. I??i ?e y?i
????a ??u ??ath?y ? 35% ??e ?o??e ??u. A??a n 20% MNP4 y? ?? ????a
y?????? ? 50%.
C???, ?i ?? ? ????a ?a ??? ??u, a a ?????a y? ?e e ??, ???????i ????ey
y?????? ? ?? ??ey ??? ???i y?ai ? ?????.
MNP6. Ae?????? e ???i ????a MNP5 ??????e ???th??ny ??o ????? e ???????
???? ???? a ?????e ? ?? ?????. I???e MNP6 ??a ???/e?? ??????ue n ?????
V. 29.
MNP7. Ii ????th n ???e ?????e ????? ??a y????? ??ae ??ey ???.
MNP9. E????o ???? V. 32 e ?????oth?e ??ae ???, ?????th?e ??????ue n
???????? ????.
MNP10. I?????i ?y ?????y ?y? ? ??? ?????o ??yo, ??o, ?e ??e ???e ?y?,
??????? ??y?, ???? ??e. Y? ?????y ?e ??? ??oth?o ???a: – ??????i ????ey
???e ????? ?y? – ????y ?c?? ???a a ?????? n ????? ??iy ??o ? ??e –
??????i e???ey ???? ???? a ?????? n ???i ??o ??e A? ????u MNP ??a??u ??o
??e ??o ??o. I? ???a??e ?y? ????? ????a ????? aic???i ??iy MNP-????a.
A?e aea ?? ? ?y??th??y ???a ? ?????? ???? MNP, ? MNP-??i ???? ?c
MNP-????a.
???u MNP-???a.
MNP-??i ?????? ??oth?a ??? ???? ???: – N????? ??i. I?????o ?????th ???,
?i ???y? ???? n ????? ???oy? ???? ??? ??o ??ueth??i e ???i e ??o ??y
????. A ????? ?y ????y y?????? ???? ??? ? ??? ????? ???? ???
??ueth??-??i ??, ?i ??i-??i. A ?????i ??? ??? ??i ? ???y? ????? ??a??
???.
– ??? ?y?e ????. Ae??e ??i ??????o ???? ???, ? ?????th?? MNP-????.
A????ey ??? ? ?????ny e ????ay ????y ??? ? a??iy?ny.
– ??? n ????? ??? e ???c??e. Y? ?????e ??i ??? ?e ?y? ?? MNP-???a. A?e
????e ??i ? ?????? ???? MNP, ?y? ? ?????a?ny.
– ??? n ????? ??? e ???o???e ?????. ??? e?????y, ?a? ???a ? ????, ??????
? ????e ??i ???? MNP. A ??? ??? nay? ??a ?????y ??? ????? ??? ???????y
?? ? ?? ??? ???a.
I???? V. 42 e V. 42bis.
I???e n ????? ??? e ???????i ?????e – ?????. I???e ????? ??ae ?????, ?e
???i ???ey?ny ???a ?y??ey ????o ????? ??e e ????? ? ??? ? ????????? ????
???e ??u. Y?o ?o? ????? ??o ???ea Lempel-Ziv. Ae??e ??ae ????? ??????
50% ??? ??o?? ???. A??a n 20% ????i ? ?????i ??????ey y? ?????o y??????
? 60%.
5.2. I???? ???? ???
A ???a ? ????? ???i ??iy ??? ????u ???ytho ?????? ??i e ???? ???.
ASCII.
Y?o ???? ???? ?c ????e i??e. A ????? ?e ???? ??? ? ????? ???i ?-? ??
??y?e ?? ??? ????ny ? ??????i. A?e ? ????a ???y?? ??, ? ??? ?e ???? ??o
??ue ???? ????ay ????a ? ??o ????. A?e au ????a ???? ????a ????y, ? ???
??i ??o ?? ?????.
XModem.
I???a ??????? ?e ??????e ????a XModem: – ?????? ???? Xmodem – Xmodem c
CRC – 1K Xmodem I?a???? ???? Xmodem ????? A?ae E????i (Ward Christensen)
a 1977 ??. A?ae E????i ?e ??i ? ??? ?????? ? ????? ??ia ???e. A ??ue ??
y?o ???? ??? ???tho ?e? ????? E?????.
I? ???? ??? n ???th ????? Xmodem ??? ??? ??? ?? ??oth?i: 8-???a ???, ??
???? ?o e ??o??a ???? ? ????. Aeey ???? e?????y ??????? ??ae, o.a. ???
i?? ?????ny a ??? ??? ???e ??? a ??i ?????e.
I???e Xmodem Cheksum ???? ??? ???? ? 128 ??. A??a n ???i ????ny ?i
?????y ??a. I? ????e ??? ?i???ay ??a ???y?ny ??a e ?????ny n ???, a?????
? ???th?e ???. I?? ???i ?c ???, ?? ??u ???atho.
Y?o ??ae ?????? ????? ???th ??? ? ???. O??i ?? ? 256 ???a ??o ????ue
???, ?? ?? ?????y ??a ????ay.
Xmodem c CRC. A?? c????i ? ??? yaey?ny ???? Xmodem CRC (Cyclic
Redundancy Check) . Xmodem CRC – ???? n ????e ?????i ????? ??i. A ?i
8-?o?ay ?????y ??a ???? ? 16-???e ?????e ????? ?ae. Y?o ???? a?????
??iy??? ?????y ?e?e, ??oth 99,9984%. O??i ?? ? 700 ????a i??o ???a ??o
??ue ????? CRC-?ae. I???e Xmodem CRC ??a ???? ??? ???? ? 128 ??.
1K Xmodem. A?e ???? ?? ?c ???, ???? 1E Xmodem ????a? ??? ??? n 128 ?
1024 ??. I? ????? ??a ??? ??? ??? ??a ?????y. O?? ????a ??u ??? ???y?
????ue ???? ???? ???. A ????i ???? 1K Xmodem ????o n ????? Xmodem CRC.
Ymodem.
I???e Ymodem ????? *? O???a a 1984-1985 ??o. I???e Ymodem ??ae ? ???? 1K
Xmodem, ? ??o ?? ???a: ???? Ymodem ??o ????? ?e ????ue ? ?? ??ae ????i
???.
N????o ?????y ????a Ymodem – Ymodem G. I?o?? Ymodem G ?????? ?y ??????y
n ????, ??????e ????eyth?? ????th ??? ? ????? ???. I????, MNP-i??u n
????? ?????e MNP. A y?i ????a ???? ??? ? ???, o.e. ? ???y? ?i ??i. Ia
?i?ue??a y?o ????, ?? ?o ??i ? ????ey? ????oth ????th ???.
Ae??e ?????ueth ????a Ymodem y?y?ny oi, ?i ??? n ??? ???th?y ?a ?i ????.
A ????? ?e ???i ?y ??a e ?? ??th?y ?????e.
Zmodem.
Zmodem – y? ???e ???? ???? ???, ????th?e ??. Zmodem ????ey? ???? ae??o
???? ? ????i ?? a ??. I? y?i ???ath?e ??? ??ueth?? ? ???? ??? ??????y ?e
??? i????a ??????i ???, ?? ? ???o ?a ??? a ??.
I???e Zmodem, ?e ? ?e e ???? 1K Xmodem, ??o ??iy? ??o ??? (??a) ? 64 ?
1024 ?? a ?????e ? ???? ??e.
E?? ??, ???? ???? ??oth?e ???? ?????ueth: ?? ?e ???? ??a ????e ?? ? ??e
e ? ? ??? ???? ?? ??, ? a ??oth?e ?c ?e ???? y?? ? ??a ? ??????e ???
????? n ?ai ? ??a, ?a ????e ??a ?y?. O?? ???i, ??ue ???a ??u ? ??? ?????
? ??yi.
Ec ?? ????? ???? ??iy, ????o ??, y?o ???? ??e ???e e ???e.
BiModem.
I?????th ????a Bimodem y?y?ny ?????ue ??????e ???? ?? ??? a ?c?o
?????yo. E?? ??, ?????? n ????e ??? ? ??? ?????? n ????? ????? ??ueth??
?e ?i?e ?????.
Kermit.
O??i ???? ?a ??????e ???i? Kermit – ?????e e Super Kermit. Y?o ???? ?e
????? a E?????i ?????? a 1981 ?? ?y ?y? ??o ????? ??? ??ueth??a, ?eth?y
???a ??ueth??, ??-??ueth?? e ?????? ??ueth??. A ??/? ? ????? Xmodem e
Zmodem ? ????? ?y ???? ??? ??? ????? ??u e ?????? ???? 94 ??.
O? ? ?e e Ymodem, ???? Kermit ??o ????? ?e ????ue ????i ??? ? ?? ??n.
I???e Super Kermit ?????? ????? ?y e?????ey a ?oyo ?? TeleNet ?e TymNet.
Y? ?oe ?atho ??ue ???a ???? ?e ???? ???. O? ?i ?? ??ue ??????ey ?y ???i
???, y? ??o ??a?e e ???o ???eth ???? ???. A ????a Super Kermit y? ????
???ny ??oth?i ????. I???? ???a ????ny ? ?? ?c. A? ???ey ? ???eth ?ae
???? ??th?y, ? ??th/a?? ??, ?i ???ath?e ??? ??ueth?? ? ???? ??? ??????y
?e ??? ? ????n ??????i ???, ?? ? ???o ?a ??? a ??.
A ????? ??????y ??? ???c? ????? ??? ????? ???e ????e. I?i i?? ????ue ?
??? ? 31 ???.
A ????? Kermit ????? ??a ???????th ????eth ??? ?y ????ey y??o??e ????
??? ???e.
6. O????????i? ????u
N????o ???? ????i ????o ?????????? ????, ?????yth?o ?????eth ???a ????
??? n ???i – MTE, Telix, Comit, Bitcom e o.ae.
I???a ????u ? ???i ???ath?y ???????? ????u y?yth?y: ?????y y?ey?y ?????
????e ??? (MNP) , ??/? ??????o ????? ??? ???e, ????n n ??????i.
MTE.
O??i ???????ay ???????ay ????a ??u MagicSoft Inc. A MTE ??? 2.10 ????i
????? ???? MNP. Iiy??, ?? ?o ??i ? ??o ????? ????? i???? MNP, ??????a
IOA ???y? ????? ????oth ?y? n MNP-????.
IOA ??o ??oth?a ????? ????u ??? ???e: ASCII, Xmodem CRC, Ymodem,
Ymodem-G, Zmodem, Kermit.
Telix.
Telix, ??ey 3.12 – ???y ???????ay ????a, ?????th?y ??i ????? ?i?a ???e.
A Telix ?????u ??oth?a ???i?: Kermit, Modem7, SEAlink, Telink, Xmodem,
Xmodem-1k, Ymodem, ymodem-G, Zmodem, HSlink, MobyTurbo, ASCII.
I??i Telix ??o ?? ???e ?????: y? ???i? ? ?????? ????ie y?ey?e MNP.
A????a y?? ? ????? ?????? ? ??? ?????o ??yo n ????, ? ?????th?? ????oth
????eth ???.
Comit.
Comit, ??? 1.27b ???y ???????ay ????a, ??i ???ey?ny a ????a n ????, ?
?ath?? ????? ????? MNP. A??iy? ?????th y?ey?th ????? MNP2, MNP4, MNP5,
MNP7.
E ????th, y? ???????ay ????a ??o ??ue ??? ??? ????? ?y ??? ???e.
I????ath?y ????u Xmodem, Xmodem CRC, Ymodem, Ymodem-G, ASCII.
Bitcom.
Bitcom, ??? 3.584 – ???????ay ????a, ??i ???ey?ay a ????a n ????, ?
?ath?? ????? ????? MNP. A??iy? i????oth y?ey?th ????? MNP (? MNP5
?eth??e?i) .
Bitcom ?????? ??oth?a ????u ??? ???e: ASCII, Xmodem CRC, Ymodem,
Ymodem-G, Kermit, CompuServe Plus.
N??? ??a ????, ?i a Bitcom ???ii ????? ????n n ??????i.
7. E?????? i???
7.1. Y????ay ae?? ?uy???
BBS (Bulletin Board System) – y? ??ueth??, ????? ??i ?e ?????e ????, ?
???i ???y?ny ?????y ????a. Y? ????a ?? ?????ue ????i ?????eyi ?y???ny n
?e ? ????? ??yi e ???y? ??i ???e e ???iey?.
A????? ????? ???e BBS ??a y?yth?y ???e ?? FidoNet. N?ue FidoNet ????ey?
?a? ??????th ??????oth ?? ?????e? ??ueth??a ??? ??i. Ia ?? ??oue BBS e
FidoNet. N??? BBS ??o ? ???ue a FidoNet, e a ?ith ???ue, ?? FidoNet ??o
? ??ue BBS, a ??????ny ??? ?y ???e? ??u.
A?e ? ???i ????? ??i ? ??i ??ueth??, ? o ?n ????o ?????? ???a ??-???
????ue. Aeey y?? ? ??? ???????y eth?e ?????????? ????? – MTE, COMIT,
BITCOM. A?e ?o ??i ? ??o ????? ????e ???, ? ??a ?????? MTE ?e ??oth
????o, ?ath?th ?????ue y?ey?e MNP (???? COMIT) .
O?y ????a BBS ????tho ????a ????u ?y ?????e ??e ??? – TPBoard, Allan’s
Kakboard, Remote Access, Opus, Phoenix, Maximus e o.ae., ????? ?a ?e
?atho ????? ??? ???. C?? ? ??i??i ???e BBS, ????th?a ????o Maximus.
Maximus ?a???o ??? n ??????i, ???y? ?????eth ???? ?????? ?o ????y (??o)
, ????ue ??o ??ei ?????eyi ??? ???e BBS ?e ?? FidoNet (?? ??ay ???y ???
a y? ??) .
I?????ue BBS ???? ?????ue i?????? ??? ??? BBS, ?????? ?? ????th?a ?i
??u, ????? ? BBS ?? ??u, ???a ??o ??-??? ???????.
E?e, ? ???a ? BBS. A ?????a ???a ??a ????ey n BBS ? ??i ???a ?y??y
??oth?a ?i???: CONNECT 2400 FrontDoor 2.02; Noncommercial version Press
Escape twice for Maximus Maximus is being loaded I? ????, ?i ???y y?y?ny
??i ??e-?? ??, ???? FidoNet, e ? ?e ???y?ny ?????y ???ay ????a
FrontDoor. Aai ?????ny ??? ?a ?? ? ???o ESC ?y ???? ????u Maximus, ???y
e ??o ??a ?????? ??? n ??.
A?e a y? ??y ???y ???? ??? ?y ??? ??? a ??, ? ? y??a ?y??y ??? ????a:
CONNECT 2400 FrontDoor 2.02; Noncommercial version Mail-only system.
Please hang up.
A?e BBS ????, ? ??c ????a ?aiy ? ?e ????ny ????a Maximus ?e ?????y e ?
??i y??a ?y??y ???? – ????ey i ??? BBS, ???y ??o ?eth?? ??? ????a, ?????
???, ???th ????? ????a.
C?? BBS ???? ??? ?n ?? ?y e ???th. A?e ? ???a ? BBS ??? ?c, ? o ?n ??o
????u ???? ?y e ???y, ???e e ???? ?e??u, ?i ??????i ?? ????a.
I? ??i ????a ????ny ?????ue ?????? ? ?e ?? ???yth?a ???u. I??i ?i
?????y?ny ??? ? ?? ????o ??a ????? – TTY e ANSI.
TTY ????ey? ??e ???? ???e ?i ????a. Ii ? ???y? ???y? ??? ????, ????o ?
y?? e ??????ue ??? a ???oth ???th.
ANSI – y? ???? ??????e ?i ????a. Ii ?????? ????? ????? ???a, a ??a ???
???? e ??i ????. O????a ??? e ????? ???a i??????y ??????
Escape-????a????y?.
I?? ??e ????u ?????e ?n ???yo ???ue ?? ??? e ? ???o??? ?????ue ??????i
??? BBS. I? ???oth?o ??? ? y? BBS ?????a ? ? ?y e ???th, ?i e ??? ?c.
I???? ? BBS ??? ?? ?y a ??? ??????e e ????o ?i ??oe ???, ?????? ?e ???
????e a ???o.
A??? ?ith BBS
E?? ???a ???oe ???? a ?n ??? ?????ey, ? y?? ??o ??ae?i ???? ?ith: MAIN:
M) essage Areas F) ile Areas S) tatistics C) hange Setup W) ho is on /)
Chat Menu Y) ell for Sysop R) egistration G) oodbye ?????i ??oth ? ???
?ith: Message Areas A??a y?o y??? ????i ?ith, ? ????? a ???ue ????e. Ia
ye?? ?????y ?ith ???u n ????y?, ? ???? ? ???a ?????ue, ???ue ?e ??y?
????y.
File Areas
I??? a ???oth ???ue BBS. Ia y??a ?y??y ?ith ?y ??? n ???e. Ec ?? ? ???a
?????ue ??? ???, ?ath??y ? BBS, ??y? ?e ???? ? BBS ??u.
Statistics
Y? ???a ????? ? y??a ??e??o ??e ??? n BBS: ??y, ????? ia y?o ??n, ??y
???a ? ?a ?i???? n y?e ???? e ????ny ?aiy. O?? ????y ????ey i ??a?o
??y?e e ????? ?? ?????, a ??a ???i ?a ???? ? ??? ????? ?? ???y.
Change Setup
I? ??? y?? y???a ?ith ? ???a ???? ?? ?y, ???, ??? ????a, ?i ????a, ???e
? ????a?.
Who is on N??? ???o ?i, i ?i, ?i ?a ??eth??y e BBS (?? BBS ??o ??i??
????? ??e) .
Chat Menu
A?e ???a ??o ????i ????? ??e, ? ? ???a ???? ????a ??, ?i ????y ? ??? ??e
y?e BBS.
Yell for Sysop I? ??? y?e ???u ??i ?????ue ???ue ????? ????a, a?e ?
????y ????? ? BBS e ???ao ???? a ?????. A?e ?i ???o, ? ???a n ???th
????? ???? ?o ????a e ???? ??o.
Registration
N??? ??? ???? ?i ???u ?y ??e ?????e ? BBS.
Goodbye
N ???th y?e ???u ? ????a ?y? n BBS.
7.2. Y????ay ??a
Y????? ??e ?uy??? BBS y?yth?y, ???e, ??i ???i ???? i??a ????y? e ???e.
C???e?i ???e ???n ?????y? ??????a ????? ??e.
I?? ? ?????? ??????y ??a??o ??e y?y?ny ?????y y????? ??u. A?e ?o
??ueth?? ??eth?i e ????? ?? e ? ??? ?????a ?????? ?????a aeey ??? ???, ?
? ??? ???ey? ??c ?? ??? ??? ?????eyi ??.
N?i ??? ????ey? ??e ???e ??, ????? ??o ??? e ?????e ????e, a ???i ???i,
? ?? ??? ?????, ?? ??????i, ??y oa? ??? e ?? ?????y.
A ?????e ? ?????? ?? ?oe y????? ??n ??o ??ue ????e ???.
I???yy y????? ???, ?? ??ue ??? ??n ????ey. I???, ? ???io ?i ??o ?????ny,
???ey?ny ??e ???? y????? ??u e ??o ??iy?ny a ?????e ? ??????e ????o ??e.
O?? ???i, ?????? ?? ??? ??c ????i ??o ?e ?? (a ??n??? ? ???y?y e ???
???) ???o ? ??ueth?? ????. E?? o ???oa ??o ??y, ? ??? ?????ue ????th ??o
e a ??? ??????e ???? ?i ??o.
Ae??e ?????ueth ??????y ????? ??e y?yth?y ???????e. E?????? ???????e
??????o ?????e ??? ????y? ? BBS, ii ?????? ???e ??? e ?? ??????e.
O??????? ?e ???e ??? ?ey?y a ?????e ? ? ???? ? ?n??? ????. A??? ?? ??o
“????ueny” ? ????th?a ?i ?????e. I?? y?? ? ???? ?????ue ???ey? ?? ????y
? ???? ??? ?????e e ??????e ???? ?a ??a ????y ? y?e ?????e, ?????? ae???
?????ey? ??.
A ??iy?a ??y a ??e ??? n??e ???? y?yth?y ?? Relcom e FidoNet. Relcom
y?y?ny ????i ??????i ?? InterNet. I? y? ?? ???ytho ????? ??? ? ??? ???
???e, ? e ? ??o ??.
7.3. O?n-???? ??u
A ????a ??y ? ??a ?y??? ????i ?????? e ??-i???o ??. A?e ? ??eth?? yoo
??o e ??? ??ueth??, ? ? ???? ?????? ???o. A????y y?i ??ai ? ??? ???? ??
? eth?e ?????? ???o ?e ? eth?th ??-???oth ??o a ??.
O?n-???? ??u ??i ?????? e ?e ???a ???.
I????a ?????a, ????ath?a ?en-???? ??u, ???y? ???????ue ??? a ????o ????
e ???o ????ue?o ????a. I????, ????a Quick Link II Fax ???y? ????? ?
??-??? e ??? ??-i??u ??oth?a ???: ??o, ??u a ???? TIFF, IMG ???????
????? GEM Artline ?e Ventura Pablisher, BMP ? Microsoft Windows, CUT ?
Dr. Halo e PCX ? Paintbrush.
I???? ??? ???ytho ?? ???ue ???? ???. I? ?????tho ??? e ???oth?a ???????a
???? ?a?? n ???th ????? ????i-????i e ???????? ??????a?e.
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