OAAeA?AEUeIIA AAAIONOAI II IA?ACIAAIETH
AINOAeA?NOAAIIIA IA?ACIAAOAEUeIIA O*?AAEAeAIEA
AUNOAAI I?IOANNEIIAEUeIIAI IA?ACIAAIEss
“E?EOONEEE AINOAeA?NOAAIIUE EEIAAENOE*ANEEE
OIEAA?NEOAO”
E??? ????? e ?????? ???ay????e
I????ey e ????? ya???e a ??? e ???a ??y
E???y ???
A???e:
???o ??? AAE 1-06-02
?????i-???????i ?????
A???a A.A
I??? ??????:
A??? E.I
E???, 2010a.
Iaeaaeaiea
Aaaaeaiea
Aeaaa 1. Iauea iiiyoey e iieiaeaiey yaaeoaoeee e ?ann?aaeioi/aiee a
ie?iia e aiaiiia a?aiy
1.1 I?iaeaia i?aaiecaoeee yaaeoaoeee. Iniaaiiinoe, i?eioeeiu, iaoiaeu e
niiniau yaaeoaoeee
1.2 Iniaaiiinoe i?aaiecaoeee e i?iaaaeaiey yaaeiia?ii?eyoee a ie?iia
a?aiy i?e noeoeeiuo aaaenoaeyo, aaa?eyo e eaoano?ioao
Aeaaa 2. ?ac?aaioea ieaia yaaeoaoeee ia i?eia?a aunoaai o/aaiiai
caaaaeaiey (EAEO)
2.1 Caaeaaia?aiaiiay iiaeaioiaea iinoiyiiiai e ia?aiaiiiai ninoaaa
2.2 Iiaeaioiaea iauaeoa e yaaeoaoeee
2.3 Ieai yaaeoaoeee
2.4 I?aaiecaoeey e iaoiaee/aneia i?iaaaeaiea yaaeiia?ii?eyoee ia i?eia?a
aunoaai o/aaiiai caaaaeaiey (E?eooneee ainoaea?noaaiiue eeiaaenoe/aneee
oieaa?neoao)
Caeeth/aiea
Nienie eniieueciaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u
Aaaaeaiea
Yaaeoaoeey, eae niinia caueou ianaeaiey, eniieuecoaony aeaaii, iniaaiii
aieueoeo ianooaaia iia aeinoeaea a aiaeu aaeeeie ioa/anoaaiiie aieiu. Ec
aa?iiaeneie /anoe no?aiu yaaeoe?iaaee caaiaeu n ?aai/eie, neoaeaueie e
eo naiueyie, A oa/aiea ethey-iiya?y 1941 a. a aeoaieee oue
ia?aaace?iaaee aieaa 1500 i?iiuoeaiiuo i?aaei?eyoee. Ii yoi auei oiaaea,
A eae naaiaeiy? Ia iioa?yea ee yaaeoaoeey naiaai cia/aiey?
I?aeoeea nia?aiaiiie aeecie aiai?eo i oii, /oi ianaeaiea an? /aua
iiaeaa?aaaony iianiinoyi a ?acoeueoaoa noeoeeiuo aaaenoaee, aaa?ee e
eaoano?io a i?iiuoeaiiinoe e ia o?ainii?oa, a oaeaea a ?acoeueoaoa
aiaiiuo aeaenoaee. Eae, iai?eia?, a THaineaaee. A yoeo oneiaeyo ?ieue
a?aaeaeaineie iai?iiu cia/eoaeueii aic?anoaao. Yoa nenoaia i?ecaaia
inouanoaeyoue caueoo ianaeaiey a ethaie ianoaiiaea, a ethauo e?eoe/aneeo
neooaoeeyo, no?aiynue iaeneiaeueii oiaiueoeoue no?aaeaiey ethaeae.
I?e oaeeo noeoeeiuo aaaenoaeyo, eae caieao?ynaiey, iaaiaeiaiey, ao?e,
o?aaaiu, oeoiaie, noiaeu niaaeiuo eaaei, naeaaua iioiee, iiiecie,
ianniaua eaniua iiaea?u ii/oe anaaaea i?eoiaeeony i?eaaaaoue e
yaaeoaoeee.
Anai ia/aeueii ecaanoii caieao?ynaiea a A?iaiee 7 aeaeaa?y 1988 aiaea.
Ec ai?iaeia Eaieiaeaia, Ee?iaieaia, Nieoaea, Noaiaiaaaia e ae?oaeo
ianaeaiiuo ioieoia auei yaaeoe?iaaii aieaa 110 ouny/ /aeiaae.
Ec-ca aieueoeo iaaiaeiaiee ia Aeaeueiai ainoiea, a Neae?e,
E?aniiaea?neii e?aa, ?inoianeie, Aieiaiaeneie, A?oaiaaeueneie e iiiaeo
ae?oaeo iaeanoyo i?eoiaeeeinue e i?eoiaeeony yaaeoe?iaaoue ethaeae ec
cii caoiieaiey.
A ?acoeueoaoa iiaeaiaeiuo caieao?ynaiee aicieeatho aeaaioneea
aieiu-oeoiaie, eioi?ua, aeinoeaay aa?aaa, niuaatho an? ia naiai iooe,
Eae caueuaoueny? Oieueei yaaeoe?iaaoueny a aaciianiua ?aeiiu. A ?innee
oeoiaie iaaethaeathony a iniiaiii ia iiaa?aaeuea Eai/aoee, Naoaeeia e
Eo?eeueneeo ino?iaia [18:1].
Neiai “yaaeoaoeey” i?i/ii aioei a eaeneeii aeeoaeae aunieiai?uey. E yoie
ia?a caueou auioaeaeaiu i?eaaaaoue oai, aaea anoue oa?ica noiaea
niaaeiuo eaaei. Ii/oe aaeaaiaeii iie n?uaathony n ai? e iae?uaatho
ianaeaiiua ioieou. A oa/aiea oieueei yiaa?y 2000 a. a ?aeiia aaoio?annu,
naycuaathuae ?inneth n A?oceae, n ie?anoiuo ai? nioea 121 eaaeia. A
niaaeiie caiaaeia ia ?ieneii ia?aaaea ieacaeenue a iauae neiaeiinoe 11
aaoiiaoei, a oii /enea 2 aaoiaona. Iaeei ec ieo aue niaoai a ouaeuea. A
?acoeueoaoa 8 /aeiaae iiaeaee, 11 iieo/eee ?aiaiey.
Ia ?ac i?eoiaeeeinue auaiaeeoue e auaiceoue ethaeae ec cii ianniauo
eaniuo iiaea?ia. Iniaaiii iianiu oae iacuaaaiua aa?oiaua, nei?inoue
?ani?ino?aiaiey iaiy eioi?uo aeinoeaaao 15-20 ei// [18:2].
O?aaai noae i?e/eiie yaaeoaoeee ec i?ea?aaeiie ciiu iaeaieueoath ca anth
enoi?eth no?aiu /enea ethaeae – 3,1 iei./ae. Yoi aucaaei
iiiaieeeiiao?iaua i?iaee ia anao aei?iaao, aaaeoueo a aeoaue iaoa?eea,
Caiieiaiiuie ieacaeenue ana ioaee, ?aniieiaeaiiua ia aaciianiii
?annoiyiee io aooothuae noeoee. Ia inoaeinue naiaiaeiuo iano a
oaaaeeuao, aaea ianaeaieth i?aaeeaaaeinue oe?uoueny.
A aio eae i?ienoiaeeea yaaeoaoeey ethaeae a ai?aea 1986 aiaea i?e aaa?ee
ia *a?iiaueueneie AYN. Oeaeoth ii/ue aioiaeeenue nienee, ninoaaeyeenue
?an/aou. E oo?o 27 ai?aey a ?aeiia *a?iiauey auei nin?aaeioi/aii aieaa
1200 aaoiaonia e 200 ai?oiauo aaoiiiaeeae, a ia aeeaeaeoae
aeaeaciiaei?iaeiie noaioeee ssiia noiyee a iaeeaeaiee aeaa aeecaeueiuo
iiacaea ia 1500 iano. Aeey i?aaieciaaiiiai i?iaaaeaiey yaaeoaoeee aanue
ai?iae aue ?acaeo ia 5 naeoi?ia, ca eaaeaeui ec eioi?uo cae?aieee
yaaeia?oiio ai aeaaa n ioaaonoaaiiui nio?oaeieeii ieeeoeee, ?oeiaiaeeee
yaaeoaoeeae ?aaioieee ai?eniieeiia e ooaaa AI.
A 13.10 ii ianoiiio ?aaeei auei ia?aaeaii niiauaiea I?eiyoueneiai
ai?eniieeiia i oii, /oi yaaeoaoeey ianaeaiey ia/eiaaony. E yoiio a?aiaie
?aaioieee ieeeoeee oaea iaioee aeiia, eaa?oe?u, ?acuyniyy ethaeyi
ii?yaeie iinaaeee a aaoiaonu. Niaoeeaeueiue aeeniao/a?neee ioieo i?e
auacaea a ai?iae ?aaoee?iaae iiaea/o aaoiaonia e aeiiai. A 13.50 aeeoaee
auoee ec iiaeuacaeia, a a 14.00 ia/aeny i?aaieciaaiiue auaic eo ec
ai?iaea. Ii i?iaeieaeaeny aei 16.30.
Eieiiia iaoei ?anoyioeanue ii/oe ia 20 eeeiiao?ia. Anaai a oio aeaiue
auei yaaeoe?iaaii 44 ouny/e 460 /aeiaae.
Iicaea auea inouanoaeaia yaaeoaoeey ethaeae ec ianaeaiiuo ioieoia,
?aniieiaeaiiuo a aeanyoe e o?eaeoeaoeeeeiiao?iaie ciiao, iiaeaa?aoeony
cia/eoaeueiiio ?aaeeiaeoeaiiio ca?aaeaieth. Anaai ca ei?ioeee n?ie auei
auaacaii nauoa 91 ouny/e /aeiaae [18:4].
I?e aaa?eyo ia i?aaei?eyoeyo, i?iecaiaeyueo eee eniieuecothueo AOIA,
ia?acothony ciiu ca?aaeaiey. A oaeeo neo/ayo ?aai/ei e neoaeauei
neaaeoao iaiaaeeaiii iaaeaoue n?aaenoaa eiaeeaeaeoaeueiie caueou e
auoiaeeoue a noi?iio, ia?iaiaeeeoey?ioth aao?o. Oaeaea iaiaoiaeeia
yaaeoaoeey ec oao ianaeaiiuo ioieoia, a iai?aaeaiee eioi?uo aeaeaeaony
yaeiaeoia iaeaei.
Ia iaieoenue aac yaaeoaoeee ethaeae ec cii aii?oaeaiiuo eiioeeeoia e
aiaiiuo aeaenoaee. Ia yoii ni anae i/aaeaeiinoueth naeaeaoaeuenoaoao
iiuo THaineaaee, iiaeaa?aoaeny aa?annee NOA e ae?oaeo no?ai IAOI aaniie
1999 aiaea. Oieueei aeaaiaea?y i?eiyoui ia?ai ii auaiaeo e auaico
ianaeaiey ec iianiuo ?aeiiia oaeaeinue nianoe aeecie iiiaeo ouny/
a?aaeaeai yoie no?aiu.
Ec neacaiiiai auoa iiaeii naeaeaoue auaiae, /oi oaia yaeyaony
aeooaeueiie a ianoiyuee iiiaio, oae eae yoio niinia caueou a ?innee, a
ioee/ea io ca?oaaaeiuo ainoaea?noa, yaeyaony iniiaiui e, iooiai eae iia
aoaeao i?aaieciaaia e caaeaaia?aiaiii iiaeaioiaeaia, aoaeao caaenaoue aa
yooaeoeaiinoue e nieaeaiea iaoa?eaeueiuo e ethaeneeo iioa?ue.
Oeaeueth eo?niaie ?aaiou yaeyaony ?anniio?aiea i?iaeaiu i?aaiecaoeee,
iiaeaioiaee e i?iaaaeaiey yaaeiia?ii?eyoee a oneiaeyo ie?iiai e aiaiiiai
a?aiaie, a oii /enea ia?aciaaoaeueiuo o/?aaeaeaiee.
Caaea/e:
1. ?anniio?aoue iauea iiiyoey e iieiaeaiey ia yaaeoaoeee e
?ann?aaeioi/aiee a ie?iia e aiaiiia a?aiy;
2. ?ane?uoue iniaaiiinoe i?iaaaeaiey yaaeiia?ii?eyoee, i?eioeeiu,
iaoiaeu e niiniau yaaeoaoeee;
3. Ia iniiaaiee iiieoi?eiaa ?anniio?aoue iiaeaioiaeo e i?iaaaeaiea
yaaeoaoeee a ia?aciaaoaeueiii o/?aaeaeaiee.
I?aaeiaoii aeaiiie eo?niaie ?aaiou yaeyaony i?aaiecaoeey e i?iaaaeaiea
yaaeiia?ii?eyoee a oeaeii, caaea/e, i?eioeeiu, niiniau e iaoiaeu.
Iauaeo — i?aaiecaoeey e iaoiaee/aneia i?iaaaeaiea yaaeiia?ii?eyoee ia
i?eia?a EAEO.
Iaoiaeu — iiieoi?eia, eco/aiea caeiiiaeaoaeueiie aeieoiaioaeueiie aacu,
o/aaiie eeoa?aoo?u e niaoe. enoi/ieeia. ?aaioa ninoieo ec aeaoo aeaa,
aaaaeaiey, caeeth/aiey, nienea eniieueciaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u e i?eeiaeaiee.
Aeaaa 1. Iauea iiiyoey e iieiaeaiee ia yaaeoaoeee e ?ann?aaeioi/aiee a
ie?iia e aiaiiia a?aiy
1.1 I?iaeaia i?aaiecaoeee yaaeoaoeee. Iniaaiiinoe, i?eioeeiu, iaoiaeu e
niiniau yaaeoaoeee
Iaee/ea iioaioeeaeueiie iianiinoe aicieeiiaaiey ia oa??eoi?ee iaeanoe *N
oaoiiaaiiiai e i?e?iaeiiai oa?aeoa?a o?aaoao aunieie aioiaiinoe i?aaiia
oi?aaeaiey e nee OI*N, ianaeaiey e aeaenoaeyi a oneiaeyo *N. A oneiaeyo
iaiieiie iaania/aiiinoe ianaeaiey caueoiuie nii?oaeaieyie a ai?iaeao e
ae?. ianaeaiiuo ioieoao, eiathueo iauaeou iiauoaiiie iianiinoe, a oaeaea
a aiaiiia a?aiy, iniiaiui niiniaii aai caueou yaeyaony yaaeoaoeey e
?aciauaiea ethaeae a caueoiuo nii?oaeaieyo (CN).
Yaaeoaoeey ianaeaiey -yoi eiiieaen ia?ii?eyoee ii i?aaieciaaiiiio auaico
anaie aeaeaie eiathuaainy o?ainii?oa e auaiaeo iaoei ii?yaeeii ianaeaiey
ec ai?iaeia e i.i. e ?aciauaieth aai a caai?iaeiie ciia.
Yaaeoaoeee iiaeeaaeao:
1. Ianaeaiea ai?iaeia, eiathueo a?oiio ii AI
2. Ianaeaiea, i?iaeeaathuaa a ciiao neeueiuo ?ac?ooaiee
3. AEeoaee iinaeeia, ?aniieiaeaiiuo aaeece iauaeoia “IA”
4. Ianaeaiea ae/ae noaioeee 1 eaoaai?ee
5. Ianaeaiea, i?iaeeaathuaa a ciiao eaoano?ioe/aneiai caoiieaiey (a
?aaeeona aeiaaaaiey aieiu i?i?uaa 4-6 /ania)
6. Ec ?aeiiia noeoeeiuo aaaenoaee, aaa?ee e eaoano?io
Ioianaiea ai?iaeia e a?oiiai ii a?aaeaeaineie iai?iia inouanoaeyaony
?aoaieai i?aaeoaeuenoaa ia iniiaaiee ioeaiee eo aaeieieno?aoeaiiai,
i?iiuoeaiiiai cia/aiey e aiciiaeiinoe i?eiaiaiey ?acee/iuo n?aaenoa
iaiaaeaiey ii iei a aiaiiia a?aiy [17:87].
Aeey ii?aaeaeaiey i/a?aaeiinoe yaaeoaoeee a?aaeaeai e aieaa /aoeiai
ieaie?iaaiey eo ?aciauaiey ana yaaeoe?oaiua aeaeyony ia o?e a?oiiu.
Ia?aay (?ann?aaeioi/eaaaiia ianaeaiea) — ?aai/ea e neoaeauea,
i?iaeieaeathuea i?iecaiaenoaaiioth aeayoaeueiinoue a ciiao aiciiaeiuo
neeueiuo ?ac?ooaiee eaoaai?e?iaaiiuo ai?iaeia, a oaeaea iaania/eaathuea
eo aeeiaaeayoaeueiinoue.
Aoi?ay (o?oaeiniiniaiia ianaeaiea) — ?aai/ea e neoaeauea, i?ae?auathuea
a iniauo oneiaeyo naith o?oaeiaoth aeayoaeueiinoue eee ia?aiinyuea aa a
caai?iaeioth ciio.
O?aouey – inoaeueiia ianaeaiea, iniiaiay /anoue eioi?ay iiaeao auoue
auaacaia aua aei ia/aea iaueo yaaeiia?ii?eyoee.
?aeiiu ?annaeaiey a caai?iaeiie ciia auae?athony n o/aoii oaeaeaiey io
eaoaai?e?iaaiiuo ai?iaeia, iaee/ey aeeeiai oiiaea. Aei?iaeiie naoe,
aiciiaeiinoae iaania/aiey caueou ethaeae, eo i?iecaiaenoaaiiie
aeayoaeueiinoe e ioaeuoa, oneiaee aeey nicaeaiey a?oiie?iaie nee AI,
i?aaeiacia/aiiuo aeey aaaeaiey aaa?eeiinianaoaeueiuo e ae?oaeo
iaioeiaeiuo ?aaio a i/aaao ii?aaeaiey.
Yaaeoe?oaiua a *N i?e?iaeiiai e oaoiiaaiiiai oa?aeoa?a ?aciauathony a
aaciianiuo ?aeiiao, a ?ann?aaeioi/eaaaiua a aiaiiia a?aiy — a ?aeiiao
caai?iaeiie ciiu, aeeaeaeoeo e a?aieoeai ai?iaeia, a ianaeaiiuo ioieoao,
?aniieiaeaiiuo aaeece aeaeaciiaei?iaeiuo, aaoiiiaeeueiuo e aiaeiuo
iooae, /oiau iaania/eoue i?aaieciaaiioth aeinoaaeo ?aai/eo niai ia
i?aaei?eyoey a ai?iae e ia?aoii ca a?aiy, ia i?aauoathuaa 4 /ania, ii
?aoaieth ia/aeueieea AI — ?oeiaiaeeoaey oa??eoi?eaeueiiai i?aaia
eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe ?ac?aoaaony ?aciauaoue eo a ciiao aiciiaeiuo
neaauo ?ac?ooaiee [17:88].
Yaaeoaoeey ethaeae ec ianaeaiiuo ioieoia, ?aniieiaeaiiuo a ciia
aiciiaeiiai eaoano?ioe/aneiai caoiieaiey a i?aaeaeao 4-/aniaiai
aeiaaaaiey aieiu i?i?uaa ieioei aeae?ioaoie/aneeo nii?oaeaiee,
i?iaiaeeony caaeaaia?aiaiii i?e iauyaeaiee iauae yaaeoaoeee, a ca yoeie
i?aaeaeaie — i?e iaiin?aaenoaaiiie oa?ica caoiieaiey.
Yaaeoe?oaiua ec cii aiciiaeiiai eaoano?ioe/aneiai caoiieaiey
?annaeythony ec iacaoaieeaaaiie oa??eoi?ee.
Eaaeaeiio iauaeoo yeiiiieee caaeaaia?aiaiii ii?aaeaeythony ?aeiiu
(ioieou) yaaeoaoeee a caai?iaeiie ciia, eioi?ua niaeaniauaathony n
i?aaiaie aeanoe e oi?aaeaiey AI*N. ?aciauaiea ethaeae ieaie?oaony
enoiaey ec ianoiuo oneiaee.
Aanue oiiae aeeeuo, iauanoaaiiuo e aaeieieno?aoeaiuo caeaiee a ?aeiiao
yaaeoaoeee, iacaaeneii io oi?i nianoaaiiinoe e aaaeiinoaaiiie
iiae/eiaiiinoe (a o./. a ioaieeaaaiuo aeiiao aea/iuo eiiia?aoeaia e
naaeiaiae/aneeo oiaa?euanoa), ia?aaeaaony a ?anii?yaeaiea ia/aeueieeia
AI – ?oeiaiaeeoaeae ianoiuo i?aaiia eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe. Ai?iaeaia a
ieo ?aciauathony ia iniiaaiee i?aea?ia, auaeaaaaiuo oeacaiiuie i?aaiaie.
?aeiiu yaaeoaoeee ethaeae ieaie?othony e i?iaiaeyony ii
i?iecaiaenoaaiii- oa??eoi?eaeueiiio i?eioeeio, o.a. ii iauaeoai e ii
ianoo aeeoaeuenoaa (/a?ac aeeeeuii — yenieoaoaoeeiiiua i?aaiu) [8: 132].
Aeey i?iaaaeaiey yaaeoaoeee eniieuecothony ana aeaeu iauanoaaiiiai
o?ainii?oa (ae/ae, aaoiiiaeeueiue, aiaeiue), ia caiyoiai aiaiiuie e
iaioeiaeiuie i?iecaiaenoaaiiuie e oicyenoaaiiuie ia?aaiceaie, a oaeaea
o?ainii?o eiaeeaeaeoaeueiiai iieueciaaiey.
Aeey auaica ianaeaiey aeaeaciiaei?iaeiui e aiaeiui o?ainii?oii
eniieuecothony iannaaee?neea ae/ae ninoaau e iannaaee?neea oaieioiaeu, a
i?e eo iaaeinoaoea e oiaa?iua aaaiiu, a?ociaua noaea e aa?aee.
I?aaeoniao?eaaaony aieaa oieioiaiiay caa?ocea aaaiiia e noaeia, a oaeaea
oaaee/aiea aeeeiu iiacaeia.
Auaic yaaeoe?oaiiai ianaeaiey aaoio?ainii?oii iau/ii ieaie?oaony ia
iaaieueoea ?annoiyiey. Aeiy yoiai eniieuecothony aaoiaonu e
i?eniiniaeaiiua aeey ia?aaicee ethaeae a?ociaua aaoiiiaeee.
Eiee/anoai auaiceiiai ianaeaiey ii?aaeaeyaony yaaeieiienneyie a
caaeneiinoe io iaee/ey o?ainii?oa e aei?iaeiie naoe, aa i?iioneiie
niiniaiinoe, ae?oaeo oneiaee. A ia?aoth i/a?aaeue auaicyony
iaaeeoeeineea o/?aaeaeaiey, eeoea, eioi?ua ia iiaoo i?aiaeieaoue iaoeii
aeaeueiea ?annoiyiey (aa?aiaiiua aeaiueiu, aeaiueiu n aeaoueie aei 14
eao, aieueiua, iaoiaeyueany ia aiaoeaoi?iii ea/aiee, ioae/eiu noa?oa 65
e aeaiueiu noa?oa 60 eao), a oaeaea ?aai/ea e neoaeauea naiaiaeiuo niai
i?aaei?eyoee, i?iaeieaeathueo naith aeayoaeueiinoue a /?acau/aeiuo
neooaoeeyo. Ana inoaeueiua auaiaeyony iaoeii.
?aaioathuea niaiu aeaenoaothueo iauaeoia yeiiiieee n ia/aeii
yaaeiia?ii?eyoee inoathony ia ?aai/eo ianoao a aioiaiinoe ii neaiaeo
oe?uoueny a caueoiuo nii?oaeaieyo. A caai?iaeioth ciio iie oauaatho
iinea i?eauoey ioooaea ei ia caiaio ioaeioioaoeo niai. Auaiae ianaeaiey
iaoei ii?yaeeii i?aaiecoaony eieiiiaie ii aei?iaai, ia caiyoui ae?oaeie
ia?aaiceaie eee ii iaicia/aiiui ia?o?ooai e eieiiiui iooyi.
Aeey i?aaieciaaiiiai aeaeaeaiey iaoeo eieiii ?ac?aaaouaatho noaio eo
ia?o?ooa, ia eioi?ie oeacuaatho ninoaa eieiiiu, ia?o?oo aeaeaeaiey,
enoiaeiue ioieo, ioieou ?aaoee?iaaiey aeaeaeaiey e a?aiy eo
i?ioiaeaeaiey, ?aeiiu e i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue i?eaaeia, iaaeeoeeineea
ioieou e ioieou iaia?aaa, IIY, ii?yaeie e n?iee auaiaea (auaica) eieiiiu
ec yoiai ioieoa a ?aeii iinoiyiiiai ?aciauaiey; neaiaeu oi?aaeaiey e
iiiaauaiey [6:24].
I?e iaaeinoaoea o?ainii?oiuo n?aaenoa aaaeiia cia/aiea i?eia?aoatho
n?iee yaaeoaoeee ianaeaiey ca i?aaeaeu cii aiciiaeiuo ?ac?ooaiee. A yoeo
neo/ayo eniieuecotho eiiaeie?iaaiiue niinia, eioi?ue iicaieyao i?iaanoe
yaaeoaoeeth a e?ao/aeoea n?iee. Nouiinoue eiiaeie?iaaiiiai niiniaa
yaaeoaoeee ninoieo a oii, /oi ianniaue auaiae ianaeaiey ec ai?iaeia
iaoei ii?yaeeii ni/aoaaony n auaicii anaie aeaeaie eiathuaainy
o?ainii?oa [6:27].
A caaeneiinoe io ianooaaia iniaaiiinoae aicieeiiaaiey e ?acaeoey aiaiiuo
aeaenoaee (aii?oaeaiiiai eiioeeeoa), eiie?aoiuo oneiaee ianoaiiaee
aiciiaeii i?iaaaeaiea neaaeothueo aeaeia yaaeoaoeee ianaeaiey:
Iauay yaaeoaoeey – i?aaeiieaaaao auaiae (auaic) anao eaoaai?ee ianaeaiey
ca eneeth/aieai ia o?ainii?oaaaeueiuo aieueiuo, ianeoaeeaathuaai eo
ia?niiaea e eeoe, eiathueo iiaeeecaoeeiiiua i?aaeienaiey.
*anoe/iay yaaeoaoeey – i?iaiaeeony aei ia/aea iauae yaaeoaoeee i?e
oa?ica aicaeaenoaey nia?aiaiiuie n?aaenoaaie ii?aaeaiey iioaioeeaeueiiai
i?ioeaieea aac ia ?ooaiey aeaenoaothueo a?aoeeia ?aaiou o?ainii?oa. I?e
/anoe/iie yaaeoaoeee auaiceony iao?oaeiniiniaiia e ia caiyoia a
i?iecaiaenoaa e a noa?a ianeoaeeaaiey ianaeaiea (nooaeaiou, o/aueany
oeie-eioa?iaoia e IOO, ainieoaiieee aeaoneeo aeiiia, aaaeiinoaaiiuo
aeaoneeo naaeia e ae?oaeo aeaoneeo o/?aaeaeaiee, iaineiia?u,
niaea?aeaueany a aeiiao eiaaeeaeia e i?anoa?aeuo niaianoii n
i?aiiaeaaaoaeyie, ianeoaeeaathuei ia?niiaeii e /eaiaie eo naiae).
I?aaiecaoeeth iaiin?aaenoaaiiiai ieaie?iaaiey, iaania/aiey e i?iaaaeaiey
yaaeiia?ii?eyoee inouanoaeytho yaaeieiiennee niaianoii n
niioaaonoaothueie i?aaiaie oi?aaeaiey AI*N e neoaeaaie AI, Ana
aeieoiaiou ieaiia yaaeoaoeee, i?eaia, ?aciauaiey e ia?aii/a?aaeiiai
aeeciaiaania/aiey yaaeiianaeaiey aeieaeiu auoue i?aaeaeueii e?aoeeie,
yniuie ii oi?ia e niaea?aeaieth, ?ac?aaioaiiuie i?aeiouanoaaiii
a?aoe/anee ia ea?oao, ieaiao (noaiao) ai?iaeia e oaeiaiuie aeey
i?aeoe/aneiai iieueciaaiey a ethauo oneiaeyo [7:51].
1.2 Iniaaiiinoe i?aaiecaoeee e i?iaaaeaiey yaaeiia?ii?eyoee a ie?iia
a?aiy i?e noeoeeiuo aaaenoaeyo, aaa?eyo, eaoano?ioao
Aaa?eeiua neooaoeee a A?caiana, ss?ineaaea, noeoeeiua aaaenoaey a
A?iaiee, Oaaeaeeeenoaia e ae?oaeo ?aeiiao o?aaiaaee iaiaaeeaiiie
i?aaiecaoeee e i?iaaaeaiey yaaeiia?ii?eyoee (ionaeaiea, a?aiaiiue auaiae
ianaeaiey ec iianiie ciiu). Ec iiuoa eeeaeaeaoeee iineaaenoaee noeoeeiuo
aaaenoaee e?oiiuo i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo aaa?ee iiaeii naeaeaoue
ii?aaeaeaiiua auaiaeu. I?aeoeea iieacaea, /oi aeaeaei ia ana aii?inu
?aoaiu ii iia?aoeaiiio oi?aaeaieth, ca/anooth iaaethaeaaony
?anoa?yiiinoue e aacioaaonoaaiiinoue, aeaaiaeooea e yeaiaioa?iay
aaca?aiioiinoue ?oeiaiaeyuaai e eiiaiaeii- ia/aeuenoaothuaai ninoaaa AI.
Neiaeiinoue yaaeoaoeeiiiuo ia?ii?eyoee aua a oii, /oi cao?aaeaathony
aniaeou i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai, iauanoaaiiiai, nioeeaeueiiai ii?yaeea e eo
i?iaaaeaiea caaeneo io ouaoaeueiie i?i?aaioee anao i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo
aii?inia. Ieaiu yaaeoaoeee ia neo/ae aaa?ee eee noeoeeiiai aaaenoaey
?ac?aaaouaathony caaeaaia?aiaiii n o/aoii niaoeeoeee aaa?eeiiai
i?iecaiaenoaa, eee aeaea noeoeeiiai aaaenoaey. Iie aeieaeiu aeeth/aoue
ianeieueei aa?eaioia a caaeneiinoe io noaiaie e oa?aeoa?a aicaeaenoaey
ii?aaeathueo oaeoi?ia i?e ?acee/iuo iaoai?ieiae/aneeo e ae?. oneiaeyo.
?acaeaeu ieaiia aeieaeiu niaea?aeaoue:
1.Ii?yaeie iiiaauaiey yaaeii?aaiia o?ainii?oiuo neoaea e ianaeaiey i
ia/aea yaaeoaoeee.
2.I?aaiecaoeeth oi?aaeaiey, iiiaauaiey e nayce a oiaea yaaeoaoeee.
3.*eneaiiinoue yaaeiianaeaiey ii eaoaai?eyi.
4.Ii?yaeie oe?uoey e nai?a ianaeaiey.
5.Ii?yaeie e n?iee yaaeoaoeee ianaeaiey.
6.O?ainii?oiia iaania/aiea yaaeiia?ii?eyoee.
7.Ia?o?oou auaiaea e auaica ianaeaiey, ioieou iinaaeee ia o?ainii?o,
ioieou aunaaeee e ?aciauaiey a caai?iaeiie ciia.
8.Aioiaiinoue e i?eaio ianaeaiey (iaee/ea aeeeie ieiuaaee e anao aeaeia
iaania/aiey).
9.Ii?yaeie yaaeoaoeee n/o aeeaioiuo.
10.Ii?yaeie auaica iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae.
11. I?aaiecaoeeth naieoa?iie ia?aaioee ethaeae, aeeaioiuo, niaoe.
ia?aaioee iaeaaeaeu, o?ainii?oiuo n?aaenoa e iaacca?aaeeaaiey oa??eoi?ee
e nii?oaeaiee.
12.I?aaiecaoeeth yaaeoaoeee ianaeaiey ii ?aoaieth i?aaenaaeaoaey I*E.
13.Ii?yaeie aeieeaaea ia ianoaiiaea, i oiaea yaaeoaoeee e i?eieiaaiuo
?aoaieyo [18:15-16].
?oeiaiaenoai i?iaaaeaieai yaaeoaoeee ianaeaiey inouanoaeytho eiiennee
/?acau/aeiui neooaoeeyi (?anioaeeeaineea, e?aaaua,
ai?iaeneea),yaaeii?aaiu e ?oeiaiaeeoaee iauaeoia yeiiiieee.
Yaaeiia?ii?eyoey ieaie?othony e i?iaiaeyony eiiaeie?iaaiiui niiniaii:
ii?aaeaeaiiay eaoaai?ey ianaeaiey auaiceony a ?aeiiu yaaeoaoeee anaie
aeaeaie o?ainii?oa, inoaeueiay /anoue ianaeaiey auaiaeeony iaoei
ii?yaeeii.
Yaaeiia?ii?eyoey a yeno?aiaeueiuo oneiaeyo aeieaeiu i?iaiaeeoueny
iaiin?aaenoaaiii io ianoa iaoiaeaeaiey (oe?uoey) eee i?iaeeaaiey
ianaeaiey. I?e yoii i?eaeaeathony ana o?ainii?oiua n?aaenoaa, iacaaeneii
io eo aaaeiinoaaiiie i?eiaaeeaaeiinoe. A neo/aa iaiaoiaeeiinoe
i?eaeaeaaony o?ainii?o ninaaeieo iaeanoae, ai?iaeia, ?aeiiia, a oaeaea
o?ainii?o, auaeaeyaiue ii ieaio acaeiiaeaenoaey n aiaiiui eiiaiaeiaaieai
e ee/iue o?ainii?o.
?acaeaeu ii yaaeio?ainii?oiiio iaania/aieth ieaiia AI ia ie?iia a?aiy
aeieaeiu niaea?aeaoue:
-ii?yaeie iiiaauaiey o?ainii?oiuo neoaea AI i ia/aea yaaeoaoeee;
– i?eaeaeaaiua aeey yaaeoaoeee neeu e n?aaenoaa (i?aaiu AI, o?ainii?o,
ieeeoeey, iaaeeoeeia e ae?.);
– /eneaiiinoue yaaeoe?oaiiai ianaeaiey ii eaoaai?eyi;
– ia?a/aiue iauaeoia, iaoiaeyueony a ciia aiciiaeiuo *N;
– ii?yaeie, iauai e n?iee yaaeoaoeee ianaeaiey (eiie?aoii aeey eaaeaeie
neooaoeee);
– ia?o?oou iiaeoiaea aaoio?ainii?oa e iee?i?aeiiai, oeeoeai, aeiiai,
iaoiaeyueiny a ciia aicaeaenoaey noeoeeiiai aaaenoaey (aaa?ee,
eaoano?iou);
– iniiaiua e caianiua ia?o?oou auaiaea e auaica ianaeaiey, ioieou
iinaaeee ia o?ainii?o, ioieou aunaaeee e ?aciauaiey ianaeaiey a iniiaiuo
e caianiuo ?aeiiao yaaeoaoeee;
– aioiaiinoue iniiaiuo e caianiuo ?aeiiia yaaeoaoeee e i?eaio ianaeaiey
(iaee/ea aeeeiai oiiaea, iauaeoia eiiioiaeueiiai oicyenoaa, ii?yaeie
?annaeaiey yaaeoe?oaiiai ianaeaiey e ae?.)
– acaeiiaeaenoaea n i?aaiaie aiaiiiai eiiaiaeiaaiey i?e yaaeoaoeee
ianaeaiey a *N ie?iiai a?aiaie;
– acaeiiaeaenoaea ni niaoeneoaeaaie III AI ii iaania/aieth iauanoaaiiiai
ii?yaeea ia ia?o?ooao yaaeoaoeee. A aaoii?aaei?eyoeyo, i?eaeaeaaiuo aeey
yaaeoaoeee ianaeaiey, nicaeathony aaoieieiiiu (25-30aae.oaoieee) e
?ac?aaaouaathony ieaiu i?eaaaeaiey eo a aioiaiinoue [13:324].
Eioi?iaoeey i i?iaaaeaiee yaaeoaoeee aeiaiaeeony aei ianaeaiey n
eniieueciaaieai anao aeaeia nayce e iiiaauaiey.
I?e aaa?eyo, eaoano?ioao e noeoeeiuo aaaenoaeyo yaaeoaoeey ianaeaiey
iiaeao inouanoaeyoueny aac ?acaa?ouaaiey nai?iuo yaaeoaoeeiiiuo ioieoia.
Caaea/e nai?iuo yaaeoaoeeiiiuo ioieoia a yoeo neo/ayo aiceaaathony ia
yaaeoaoeeiiiua a?oiiu, nicaeaaaaiua ia aaca yaaeieiiennee, ca eioi?uie
cae?aieythony niioaaonoaothuea aaeieieno?aoeaii-oa??eoi?eaeueiua
aaeeieoeu (iee?i?aeiiu, oeeoeu, aeiia, naeueneea ianaeaiiua ioieou). A
ninoaa yaaeoaoeeiiiuo a?oii ?aeiiaiaeoaony aeeth/aoue i?aaenoaaeoaeae
yaaeieiiennee ?anioaeee, e?aaa, iaeanoae, ai?iaeia, ?aeiiia, neoaea III
AI, aaoio?ainii?oiuo neoaea AI, aeeeeuii-yenieoaoaoeeiiiuo i?aaiia,
nai?iuo yaaeiioieoia e ae?.
Yaaeoaoeeiiiua a?oiiu aeieaeiu auoue iiaeeueiuie, iniauaoueny
iaiaoiaeeiuie n?aaenoaaie nayce e aaoio?ainii?oii. A caaea/e
yaaeoaoeeiiiuo a?oii aoiaeeo:
– ano?a/a aaoieieiiiu a ianoao iinaaeee ianaeaiey;
– nai? e iinaaeea yaaeoe?oaiiai ianaeaiey ia o?ainii?o;
– oi?ie?iaaiea yaaeieieiii e nii?iaiaeaeaiea eo e ia?o?ooai yaaeoaoeee;
– eiio?ieue ca iieiioie yaaeoaoeee ianaeaiey e eioi?iaoeee ia ianoaiiaea
niioaaonoaothuaai ?oeiaiaenoaa AI. Iiaea/o aaoio?ainii?oa aeey
yaaeoaoeee ianaeaiey iaania/eaaao oeaio?aeueiue aeeniao/a?neee ioieo,
eioi?ue nicaeaaony ia aaca aeeniao/a?neie neoaeau aaoi i?aaei?eyoee
niaianoii n AEAAeAe e o?ainii?oiuie ioaeaeaie aaeieieno?aoeee [14:1].
Aeey yaaeoaoeee aeaoneeo o/?aaeaeaiee i?aaeoniao?eaaaony aaoio?ainii?o,
eioi?ue cae?aieyaony ca eiie?aoiui o/?aaeaeaieai, iacia/aieai a?aiaie e
ianoa iiaea/e o?ainii?oa. Oeaeaniia?acii ia ia?o?ooao yaaeoaoeee
nicaeaiea i?iiaaeooi/iuo ioieoia yaaeoaoeee n ?acaa?ouaaieai ia ieo
ioieoia ?aaeno?aoeee, aeiceiao?e/aneiai e oeie/aneiai eiio?iey,
niaoeeaeueiie ia?aaioee, naieoa?ii-iaiuai/iuo ioieoia, noaioeee ii
iaacca?aaeeaaieth iaeaaeaeu, iiaeaeaeiuo ioieoia ieoaiey e iiaeaeaeiuo
ioieoia aauaaiai niaaaeaiey. Nicaeathony oaeaea iaaeeoeeineea
?ani?aaeaeeoaeueiua ioieou ca ciiaie aiciiaeiiai ca?aaeaiey.
Neiaeiinoue yaaeoaoeeiiiuo ia?ii?eyoee ninoieo a oii, /oi cao?aaeaathony
aniaeou i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai, iauanoaaiiiai, nioeeaeueiiai ii?yaeea e eo
i?iaaaeaiea caaeneo io ouaoaeueiie i?i?aaioee anao i?aaiecaoeeiiiuo
aii?inia.
Aaaeiaeoei oaeoi?ii yaeyaony naiaa?aiaiiinoue i?eiyoey ?aoaiey ia auaiae
ianaeaiey ec iianiuo ?aeiiia ca a?aieoeu cii aiciiaeiiai ii?aaeaiey
(ca?aaeaiey). I?iiaaeeaiea a yoeo neo/ayo /?aaaoi oyaeaeuie
iineaaenoaeyie [14:2].
Aeaaa 2. ?ac?aaioea ieaia yaaeoaoeee ia i?eia?a aunoaai o/aaiiai
caaaaeaiey (EAEO)
2.1 Caaeaaia?aiaiiay iiaeaioiaea iinoiyiiiai e ia?aiaiiiai ninoaaa
Iao/aiea ianaeaiey a iaeanoe a?aaeaeaineie iai?iiu e caueou io
/?acau/aeiuo neooaoeee a caaeneiinoe io noaiaie o/anoey a auiieiaiee
caaea/ a?aaeaeaineie iai?iiu e ?N*N, a neaaeiaaoaeueii e o?aaiaaiee e
o?iaith eo ciaiee, oiaiee e iaaueia i?aaiecoaony e inouanoaeyaony ii
neaaeothuei a?oiiai:
1. ?oeiaiaeyuee e eiiaiaeii-ia/aeuenoaothuee ninoaa
2. Ee/iue ninoaa IANO e nianaoaeueiuo neoaea
3. ?aaioathuaa ianaeaiea ia aoiaeyuaa a ninoaa oi?ie?iaaiee
4. O/aueany e nooaeaiou iauaai e i?ioanneiiaeueiiai ia?aciaaiey
5. Ia?aaioathuaa ianaeaiea
Oi?iu iao/aiey a iaeanoe a?aaeaeaineie iai?iiu e caueou io *N (ii
a?oiiai iao/aaiuo):
A) ?oeiaiaeeoaee e ae?oaea ?aaioieee i?aaiia ainoaea?noaaiiie aeanoe,
i?aaiia ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey e i?aaiecaoeee i?iaiaeyo iiaeaioiaeo e
aeaenoaeyi a *N a o/?aaeaeaieyo n?aaeiaai i?ioanneiiaeueiiai e aunoaai
i?ioanneiiaeueiiai ia?aciaaiey, a ia?aciaaoaeueiuo o/?aaeaeaieyo
aeiiieieoaeueiiai ia?aciaaiey (a o/?aaeaeaieyo iiauoaiey eaaeeoeeaoeee,
ia eo?nao, a oeaio?ao i?ioanneiiaeueiie i?eaioaoeee e a eiuo
o/?aaeaeaieyo, eiathueo niioaaonoaothuoth eeoeaiceth) e iaiin?aaenoaaiii
ii ianoo ?aaiou. (OC ? 129-OC io 28.10.2002 a.) [1:33].
I?eia?iay i?ia?aiia iao/aiey aeieaeiinoiuo eeoe e niaoeeaeenoia AI e
aaeeiie ainoaea?noaaiiie nenoaiu i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiey e eeeaeaeaoeee *N a
OIOe ii AI e *N noauaeoia ?O e ia eo?nao AI yaeyaony iaeiei ec
ninoaaeythueo yeaiaioia aaeeiie nenoaiu iiaeaioiaee ianaeaiey a iaeanoe
AI e *N i?e?iaeiiai e oaoiiaaiiiai oa?aeoa?a.
Ia?a/aiue aeieaeiinoiuo eeoe e ?aaioieeia AI, iiaeeaaeaueo iao/aieth
aOIOe AI*N e ia eo?nao AI, ii?aaeaeyaony i?eeacaie I*N ?O: io18.06.01 a.
? 273, io 22.01.02 a. ? 19, ca?aaeno?e?iaaiiuie a Ieithnoa ?O e
I?aaiecaoeeiiii-iaoiaee/aneeie ?aeiiaiaeaoeeyie. Aeey iiauoaiey
yooaeoeaiinoe iao/aiey o/aaiua a?oiiu eiiieaeoothony i?aeiouanoaaiii ec
eeoe iaeiie eee ?iaenoaaiiuo eaoaai?ee iao/aaiuo n o/aoii o?iaiy eo
iiaeaioiaee. I?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue o/aaiuo caiyoee n i?aiiaeaaaoaeai a
OIOe AI*N e ia eo?nao AI ninoaaeyao 6 o/aaiuo /ania (ii 45 iei.) ii
40-/aniaie i?ia?aiia.
Iao/aiea neooaoaeae caaa?oaaony naea/ae ca/aoia.
A) Aeey iiaeaioiaee ?N a i?aaiecaoeeyo, ioieoeeiaeueiuo ia?aciaaieyo
nicaeathony o/aaiua a?oiiu ia aieaa 20-25 /aeiaae, a eioi?ua aoiaeyo:
– ?oeiaiaeeoaeue i?aaiecaoeee;
– caianoeoaee ?oeiaiaeeoaey i?aaiecaoeee;
– aeaaiua niaoeeaeenou;
– niaoeeaeueii oiieiiii/aiiua ?aaioieee ia ?aoaiea aii?inia AI*N;
– ee/iue ninoaa ooaaa AI*N;
– ?oeiaiaeeoaee oi?ie?iaaiee iauaai iacia/aiey e eo caianoeoaee. Ninoaa
a?oiiu ii?aaeaeyao ?oeiaiaeeoaeue i?aaiecaoeee, ioieoeeiaeueiiai
ia?aciaaiey i?eeacii. Ia e?oiiuo iauaeoao iiaeao auoue nicaeaii
ianeieueei a?oii, ?oeiaiaeeoaeue a?oiiu iacia/aaony i?eeacii ?AI ec
/enea aai caianoeoaeae, aeaaiuo niaoeeaeenoia.
Oaiaoeea caiyoee ii?aaeaeyaony I?ia?aiiie iiaeaioiaee ?N ii ianoo ?aaiou
ii AI e *N io 9 ethey 2001 a. Iiaeaioiaea i?iaiaeeony a iauaia 15 /ania.
Eiie?aoiua oaiu e a?aiy ia eo eco/aiea ii?aaeaeyao ?oeiaiaeeoaeue AI*N n
o/aoii o?iaiy iiaeaioiaee iao/aaiuo, niaoeeoeee i?iecaiaenoaa, ianoiuo
oneiaee.
Iiaeaioiaea i?iaiaeeony iooai nai?ia eee ia?eiaee/aneeo caiyoee (eae yoi
ii?aaeaeaii i?eeacii ?oeiaiaeeoaey) eae ia naiae o/aaii-iaoa?eaeueiie
aaca, a i?e aa ionoonoaee — ia a?aiaeoaiie ia aeiaiai?iie iniiaa OIA
ae?oaeo iauaeoia.
Iao/aiea caaa?oaaony i?iaaaeaieai aaeaaiaeiiai EOO [1:34-35]. A
?acoeueoaoa iiaeaioiaee ii AI*N ia iauaeoa ?oeiaiaeyuee ninoaa aeieaeai
ciaoue naie ooieoeeiiaeueiua iaycaiiinoe ii AI*N, oiaoue i?aaieciaaoue e
i?aeoe/anee inouanoaeyoue ia?ii?eyoey, i?aaeoniio?aiiua ieaiaie ii AI*N
iauaeoa a iauaia caieiaaiie aeieaeiinoe.
I?eia?iay i?ia?aiia iao/aiey ?aaioathuaai ianaeaiey a iaeanoe AI*N io
15.09.05 a, ? 14/4/802 yaeyaony iaeiei ec yeaiaioia aaeeiie nenoaiu
iiaeaioiaee ianaeaiey a yoie iaeanoe. I?eia?iay i?ia?aiia ii?aaeaeyao
aaciaia niaea?aeaiea iiaeaioiaee ?aaioieeia i?aaiecaoeee, ia aoiaeyueo a
ninoaa oi?ie?iaaiee AI, a iaeanoe a?aaeaeaineie iai?iiu e caueou io
/?acau/aeiuo neooaoeee i?e?iaeiiai e oaoiiaaiiiai oa?aeoa?a e ?ann/eoaia
ii iauaio ia 14 /ania.
Iao/aiea ?aaioieeia i?aaiecaoeee i?iaiaeeony ii ?aoaieth ?oeiaiaeeoaeae
i?aaiecaoeee, eae a ?aai/aa a?aiy, oae e aac io?uaa io iniiaiie
i?iecaiaenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe.
Aeey i?iaaaeaiey caiyoee a i?aaiecaoeeyo nicaeathony o/aaiua a?oiiu ii
oeaoai, o/anoeai, ioaeaeaieyi, a?eaaaeai e ae?oaei no?oeoo?iui
iiae?acaeaeaieyi. Ninoaa a?oiiu ia aeieaeai i?aauoaoue 20-25 /aeiaae.
Caiyoey i?iaiaeyony ?oeiaiaeyuei ninoaaii, eiaeaia?ii-oaoie/aneeie
?aaioieeaie, ia/aeueieeaie oeaoia, o/anoeia, /eaiaie eiiennee ii
/?acau/aeiui neooaoeeyi, a oaeaea ae?oaeie iiaeaioiaeaiiuie eeoeaie.
?oeiaiaeeoaee o/aaiuo a?oii aaeaaiaeii iacia/athony i?eeacaie
ia/aeueieeia a?aaeaeaineie iai?iiu i?aaiecaoeee. Iie aeieaeiu i?ieoe
iiaeaioiaeo a o/aaii-iaoiaee/aneeo oeaio?ao ii a?aaeaeaineie iai?iia e
/?acau/aeiui neooaoeeyi noauaeoia ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee e ia eo?nao
a?aaeaeaineie iai?iiu ioieoeeiaeueiuo ia?aciaaiee [1:37-38].
Iao/aiea ia?aaioathuaai ianaeaiey inouanoaeyoue ii ianoo aeeoaeuenoaa
iooai:
– i?iaaaeaiey caiyoee a o/aaii-eiinoeueoaoeeiiiuo ioieoao
aeeeeuii-yenieoaoaoeeiiiuo i?aaiia ii I?ia?aiia iiaeaioiaee ?aai/eo,
neoaeaueo, ?aaioieeia naeueneiai oicyenoaa e ia?aaioathuaai ianaeaiey e
aeaenoaeyi a *N, ooaa?aeaeaiiie I*N ?O 3 iiya?y 1994 aiaea a iauaia 12
/ania aaeaaiaeii (I?eeiaeaiea ? 4).
– iinauaiey i?iiaaaiaeenoneeo e aaeoaoeeiiiuo ia?ii?eyoee (aanaaeu,
eaeoeee, aa/a?a aii?inia e ioaaoia, iieac o/aaiuo oeeueiia e ae?oaea),
i?iaiaeeiuo ii ieaiai aeieaeiinoiuo eeoe AI e oa??eoi?eaeueiie
iiaenenoaiu ?N*N;
– /oaiey iaiyoie, eenoiaie e iiniaee, i?ineooeaaiey ?aaeeiia?aaea/ e
i?iniio?a oaeai?ia?aii ii oaiaoeea AI e caueou io *N;
– o/anoey, (a onoaiiaeaiiii ii?yaeea) a eiiieaeniuo o/aieyo ii AI e
caueoa io *N.
Iniiaiia aieiaiea i?e iao/aiee yoie a?oiiu ianaeaiey, ia?auaoue ia
ii?aeueii-ineoieiae/aneoth iiaeaioiaeo e oiaeua aeaenoaey a *N,
oa?aeoa?iua aeey iano i?iaeeaaiey, ainieoaiea /oanoaa aunieie
ioaaonoaaiiinoe ca naith iiaeaioiaeo e iiaeaioiaeo naiae naiuee e caueoa
io iianiuo yaeaiee.
Iiaeaioiaeo i?aaiecaoi?ia (eiinoeueoaioia) o/aaii-eiinoeueoaoeeiiiuo
ioieoia inouanoaeyoue ia eo?nao AI ai?iaeia e ?aeiiia iaeanoe,
I?aeoeeiaaoue i?iaaaeaiea o?aie?iaie n ianaeaieai ia eioi?uo
io?aaaouaaoue aeaenoaey ii neaiaeai iiiaauaiey. Ec iiuoa noauaeoia ?O
aeey iao/aiey ia?aaioathuaai ianaeaiey nicaeathony
o/aaii-eiinoeueoaoeeiiiua ioieou (ni. aeaeeioa/ea AC ?7,2000 a,). Ia?aae
OEI noaayony neaaeothuea caaea/e: (iaoiaee/aneea ?aeiiaiaeaoeee ii
i?aaiecaoeee e ?aaioa OIE)
– iao/eoue a?aaeaeai niiniaai caueou io NNI;
– au?aaioaoue o ieo oaa?aiiinoue a iaaeaaeiinoe n?aaenoa e niiniaia
caueou io *N ethaiai oa?aeoa?a;
– aeaoue i?aeoeeo e i?eaeoue iaauee aeey aeaenoaee a oneiaeyo *N ie?iiai
e aiaiiiai a?aiaie;
– iiauneoue ii?aeueii-ineoieiae/aneia ninoiyiea ethaeae, iiii/ue
i?aaeeueii ioeaieoue neeaaeuaathuothny ianoaiiaeo aeey i?eiyoey ?acoiiuo
e aaeaeaaoiuo aeaenoaee;
– iao/eoue ianaeaiea i?aaeeai caueou aeaoae e iaania/aiey eo
aaciianiinoe i?e auiieiaiee ia?ii?eyoee AI;
– aeoeaii i?iiaaaiaee?iaaoue (?acuyniyoue) ?ieue, cia/aiea e caaea/e AI
e ?N*N a nia?aiaiiuo oneiaeyo [1:39-40]
Iao/aiea o/aueony e nooaeaioia ia?aciaaoaeueiuo o/?aaeaeaiee
inouanoaeyoue a o/aaiia a?aiy ii i?ia?aiiai eo?na “Iniiau aaciianiinoe
aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe” e aeenoeeieeiu “Aaciianiinoue
aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe”, a oaeaea iooai o/anoey, a onoaiiaeaiiii ii?yaeea,
a i?iaaaeaiee “Aeiae caueou aeaoae”, a o/aieyo e o?aie?iaeao ii AI e
caueoa io /?acau/aeiuo neooaoeee. A oeaeyo nicaeaiey nenoaiu
aiaoeieueiie iiaeaioiaee o/aueony e aeaenoaeyi a oneiaeyo *N,
iiaeaioiaee ?aca?aa aeey iieneiai-nianaoaeueiuo oi?ie?iaaiee ai anao
ai?iaeao e ?aeiiao iaeanoe i?iaiaeeoue ?aaioo ii nicaeaieth eaaeaoneeo
ei?ionia, oeie, eeannia, e?oaeeia (naeoeee) “THiue nianaoaeue”.
Aaeaaiaeii a eaoiee ia?eiae ieaie?iaaoue e i?iaiaeeoue iieaaua eaaa?y
“THiue nianaoaeue”. Aaeaaiaeii a ia?oa-ai?aea ianyoeao i?iaiaeeoue
ai?iaeneea e ?aeiiiua ni?aaiiaaiey “Oeiea aaciianiinoe”.
I?eieiaoue aeoeaiia o/anoea a iaeanoiii neaoa-ni?aaiiaaiee “Oeiea
aaciianiinoe”.
Iiaeaioiaeo aeaoae aeioeieueiiai aic?anoa ?aeiiaiaeoaony i?aaieciaaoue
i?iaaaeaieai caiyoee ii I?ia?aiia “Iniiau aaciianiinoe aeaoae
aeioeieueiiai aic?anoa”, aaaaeaiiie a aeaenoaea ienueiii Ieiia?aciaaiey
?innee io 18 ethey 1997 a. ? 112/34-16. Oeaeue i?ia?aiiu — iao/eoue
?aa?iea i?aaeeueii aanoe naay a iianiuo neooaoeeyo e niinianoaiaaoue
noaiiaeaieth o iaai iniia yeieiae/aneie eoeueoo?u e caei?iaiai ia?aca
aeecie[1:42-43].
2.2 Iiaeaioiaea iauaeoa e yaaeoaoeee
Nouiinoue e niiniau ?ann?aaeioi/aiey e yaaeoaoeee. ?ann?aaeioi/aieai
iacuaaaony i?aaieciaaiiue auaic (auaiae) e ?aciauaiea a caai?iaeiie ciia
?aai/eo e neoaeaueo i?aaei?eyoee e i?aaiecaoeee, i?iaeieaeathueo ?aaioo
a ai?iaeao e aaaeiuo iauaeoao, ?aniieiaeaiiuo aia yoeo ai?iaeia.
E eaoaai?ee ?ann?aaeioi/eaaaiuo ioiineony oaeaea ia?niiae iauaeoia,
iaania/eaathueo aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoue ai?iaea (iai?eia?, ?aaioieee
eiiioiaeueiiai oicyenoaa). ?aai/ea e neoaeauea, ioianaiiua e eaoaai?ee
?ann?aaeioi/eaaaiuo, iinea auaica e ?annaeaiey a caai?iaeiie ciia
iiniaiii auacaeatho a ai?iae aeey ?aaiou ia naieo i?aaei?eyoeyo, a ii
ieii/aiee ?aaiou aica?auathony a caai?iaeioth ciio ia ioaeuo.
Caai?iaeiie ciiie a aeaiiii neo/aa iacuaaaony oa??eoi?ey ca i?aaeaeaie
cii aiciiaeiuo ?ac?ooaiee, onoaiiaeaiiuo aeey ai?iaeia e aaaeiuo
iauaeoia, ?aniieiaeaiiuo aia yoeo ai?iaeia. A?aieoea ciiu aiciiaeiuo
?ac?ooaiee onoaiaaeeaaaony a caaeneiinoe io cia/aiey ai?iaea e
/eneaiiinoe aai ianaeaiey [15:83]. ?aai/ea niaiu auaicyony, /oiau
iaania/eoue iai?a?uaiinoue i?ioeanna i?iecaiaenoaa i?aaei?eyoee,
i?iaeieaeathueo aeayoaeueiinoue a ai?iaeao, a oi?ie?iaaiey — /oiau
iiaeaea?aeaoue eo a aioiaiinoe e iaiaaeeaiiiio aaaeaieth nianaoaeueiuo e
iaioeiaeiuo aaa?eeii- ainnoaiiaeoaeueiuo ?aaio iinea oaea?ia i?ioeaieea.
Iaoei ii?yaeeii auaiaeyony ?aai/ea e neoaeauea i?aaei?eyoee,
i?aaiecaoeee e o/?aaeaeaiee a niioaaonoaee n ?ac?aaioaiiuie ieaiaie e
ianaeaiea, ia caiyoia a noa?a i?iecaiaenoaa. E yoiio ianaeaieth iiaeii
ioianoe ia?aaioathueo /eaiia naiae, o/aueony aunoeo e n?aaeieo o/aaiuo
caaaaeaiee, i?ioanneiiaeueii- oaoie/aneeo o/eeeu e ae?oaia ianaeaiea,
niiniaiia yaaeoe?iaaoueny iaoei ii?yaeeii. I?e iaaeinoaoea o?ainii?oiuo
n?aaenoa /anoue ?aai/eo niai oaeaea iiaeao auaiaeeoueny iaoei ii?yaeeii
n /eaiaie eo naiae.
?ann?aaeioi/aiea e yaaeoaoeey ianaeaiey eiiaeie?iaaiiui niiniaii
inouanoaeythony ii oa??eoi?eaeueii-i?iecaiaenoaaiiiio i?eioeeio. Yoi
cia/eo, /oi auaiae a caai?iaeioth ciio eae ?ann?aaeioi/eaaaiuo e
yaaeoe?oaiuo ?aai/eo e neoaeaueo, oae e yaaeoe?oaiuo /eaiia eo naiae,
nooaeaioia aocia, o/aueony n?aaeieo niaoeeaeueiuo o/aaiuo caaaaeaiee e
i?ioanneiiaeueii-oaoie/aneeo o/eeeu i?aaiecoaony /a?ac i?aaei?eyoey,
o/?aaeaeaiey e o/aaiua caaaaeaiey.
Inoaeueiia ianaeaiea yaaeoe?oaony, eae i?aaeei, /a?ac AEYEe e
aeiiioi?aaeaiey ii ianoo aeeoaeuenoaa. I?e yoii ianaeaiea, yaaeoe?oaiia
a aeeceaaeauea io ai?iaea ?aeiiu caai?iaeiie ciiu, auaiaeeony iaoei
ii?yaeeii iaiin?aaenoaaiii a ioaaaeaiiua aio ianoa aeey ?annaeaiey, a
yaaeoe?oaiia a aieaa ioaeaeaiiua ?aeiiu auaiaeeony ia i?iiaaeooi/iua
ioieou yaaeoaoeee (IIY), ioeoaea iii ii caaa?oaiee yaaeiia?ii?eyoee
auaiaeeony (auaiceony) a ?aeiiu iinoiyiiiai ?aciauaiey [15:85].
I?aeiouanoai eiiaeie?iaaiiiai niiniaa caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi ii
iaania/eaaao aeinoeaeaiea iniiaiie /anoueth ianaeaiey aaciianiie ciiu a
n?aaieoaeueii ei?ioeea n?iee.
?aeiiu ?annaeaiey yaaeoe?oaiuo. ?aeiiu ?annaeaiey ?ann?aaeioi/eaaaiuo e
yaaeoe?oaiuo a caai?iaeiie ciia e ii?yaeie eo auaiaea e auaica
ii?aaeaeythony eniieieoaeueiuie eiieoaoaie Niaaoia aeaiooaoia
o?oaeyueony n o/aoii nicaeaiey oneiaee aeey i?iaeieaeaiey
i?iecaiaenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoe i?aaei?eyoee a ai?iaea, o?ainii?oiuo
aiciiaeiinoae, iaee/ey aeeeiai oiiaea e iaania/aiey a?oiie?iaee nee AI,
i?aaeiacia/aiiuo aeey aaaeaiey nianaoaeueiuo e iaioeiaeiuo
aaa?eeii-ainnoaiiaeoaeueiuo ?aaio a i/aaao ianniaiai ii?aaeaiey. ?aeiiu
?ann?aaeioi/aiey e yaaeoaoeee ii aiciiaeiinoe aeieaeiu niaiaaeaoue n
?aeiiaie oaoneeo naycae. I?e ?ani?aaeaeaiee caai?iaeiie ciiu aeey
?annaeaiey ?ann?aaeioi/eaaaiuo e yaaeoe?oaiuo o/eouaaaony oi, /oi ?aeiiu
?annaeaiey ?aai/eo e neoaeaueo i?aaei?eyoee, i?iaeieaeathueo
i?iecaiaenoaaiioth aeayoaeueiinoue a ai?iaea, aeieaeiu auoue ia oaeii
oaeaeaiee io ai?iaea, /oiau ia ia?aacae a ai?iae ia ?aaioo e ia?aoii a
caai?iaeioth ciio ia ioaeuo cao?a/eaaeinue ia aieaa 4 – 5 /. I?e
?ani?aaeaeaiee ?aeiiia ?annaeaiey o/eouaaaony oaeaea e oi, /oi
?ann?aaeioi/aiiua ?aai/ea e neoaeauea i?aaenoaaeytho niaie ia oieueei
ioaeuoathuoth niaio, ii ninoaaeytho oaeaea oi?ie?iaaiey AI,
i?aaeiacia/aiiua aeey aaaeaiey nianaoaeueiuo e iaioeiaeiuo aaa?eeii-
ainnoaiiaeoaeueiuo ?aaio ia naieo i?aaei?eyoeyo. Iiyoiio
?ann?aaeioi/eaaaiua ?aai/ea e neoaeauea ?annaeythony aaeece
aeaeaciiaei?iaeiuo noaioeee e aaoiiiaeeueii-aei?iaeiuo iaaeno?aeae (ia
aeaeaa 5 ei io ieo).
Yaaeoe?iaaiiia ianaeaiea, ia naycaiiia n i?iecaiaenoaaiiie
aeayoaeueiinoueth e ia yaeythuaany /eaiaie naiae ?ann?aaeioi/eaaaiuo
?aai/eo e neoaeaueo, ?aciauaaony a aieaa ioaeaeaiiuo ?aeiiao caai?iaeiie
ciiu, a ianaeaiea, yaaeoe?oaiia ec cii aiciiaeiiai eaoano?ioe/aneiai
caoiieaiey,— a ianaeaiiuo ioieoao, iaoiaeyueony aaeece yoeo cii.
Ieaie?iaaiea ?ann?aaeioi/aiey e yaaeoaoeee. Ieaie?iaaiea
?ann?aaeioi/aiey e yaaeoaoeee yaeyaony iaeiie ec aaaeiuo caaea/ ooaaia
AI anao noaiaiae. Iniiaiie aeieoiaio, ii?aaeaeythuee iauai,
niaea?aeaiea, n?iee i?iaaaeaiey ia?ii?eyoee ii ?ann?aaeioi/aieth e
yaaeoaoeee ianaeaiey e ii?yaeie eo auiieiaiey, — yoi ieai a?aaeaeaineie
iai?iiu, /anoueth eioi?iai yaeyaony ?acaeae ii caueoa ianaeaiey.
Aeey ii?aaeaeaiey ii?yaeea e i/a?aaeiinoe yaaeoaoeee ianaeaiea
?ani?aaeaeyaony ii a?oiiai, A ianooaaa ai?iaea i?iaaaeaiea
?ann?aaeioi/aiey e yaaeoaoeee ieaie?oaony ooaaii a?aaeaeaineie iai?iiu
ai?iaea. Auienee ec yoiai ieaia aeiaiaeyony aei naaaeaiey ooaaia
a?aaeaeaineie iai?iiu ai?iaeneeo ?aeiiia e iauaeoia ia?iaeiiai oicyenoaa
a /anoe, eanathuaeny eo. Enoiaeiuie aeaiiuie aeey ieaie?iaaiey
?ann?aaeioi/aiey e yaaeoaoeee ianaeaiey ai?iaea yaeythony:
– iauay /eneaiiinoue ianaeaiey, i?iaeeaathuaai a ai?iaea; eiee/anoai
i?aaei?eyoee, o/?aaeaeaiee, o/aaiuo caaaaeaiee,
iao/ii-enneaaeiaaoaeueneeo einoeoooia e ae?oaeo o/?aaeaeaiee e
i?aaiecaoeee; eiee/anoai ?aai/eo e neoaeaueo, iiaeeaaeaueo
?ann?aaeioi/aieth, e /eaiia eo naiae; eiee/anoai ianaeaiey,
iiaeeaaeauaai yaaeoaoeee; eiee/anoai ianaeaiiuo ioieoia naeueneie
ianoiinoe e iiiauaiee a ieo, i?eaiaeiuo aeey ?aciauaiey ethaeae,
o/?aaeaeaiee e i?aaiecaoeee; naieoa?iia ninoiyiea ianaeaiiuo ioieoia;
– iaee/ea aeaeaciiaei?iaeiuo, aaoiiiaeeueiuo e aiaeiuo iooae e eo
i?iioneiay niiniaiinoue; eiee/anoai aeaeaciiaei?iaeiuo noaioeee e
ieaooi?i, i?enoaiae e i?e/aeia, ioieoia iinaaeee e aunaaeee; ninoiyiea
iinoia; aiciiaeiinoe iiauoaiey i?iioneiie niiniaiinoe aei?ia e aeaeiuo
iooae;
– iaee/ea a ai?iaea e a caai?iaeiie ciia iaaeeoeeineeo o/?aaeaeaiee,
iaaeeoeeineiai ia?niiaea, iaaeeeaiaioia e i?ioeeaeoe/aneeo n?aaenoa;
aiciiaeiinoe iaaeeoeeineiai iaania/aiey ianaeaiey ia nai?iuo ioieoao, a
iooe neaaeiaaiey e a ?aeiiao ?aciauaiey ?ann?aaeioi/eaaaiuo e
yaaeoe?oaiuo;
– iaee/ea e ?aciauaiea caiania i?iaeiaieuenoaey e i?aaeiaoia ia?aie
iaiaoiaeeiinoe; eiee/anoai e i?iioneiay niiniaiinoue i?aaei?eyoee
iauanoaaiiiai ieoaiey; iaee/ea oeaaicaaiaeia, iaea?ai e eo
i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue; aiciiaeiinoue i?aaiecaoeee iiaeaeaeiuo ioieoia
ieoaiey, ii?yaeie aeinoaaee iaaeinoathuaai i?iaeiaieuenoaey e i?aaeiaoia
ia?aie iaiaoiaeeiinoe;
– iaee/ea caueoiuo nii?oaeaiee, eo aianoeiinoue e caueoiua naienoaa;
iaee/ea iaoa?eaeia e eiino?oeoeee aeey no?ieoaeuenoaa auno?iaicaiaeeiuo
oaaaeeu e i?ioeai?aaeeaoeeiiiuo oe?uoee; iaee/ea eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo
n?aaenoa caueou, ianoa eo o?aiaiey, ii?yaeie e n?iee iaania/aiey
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuie n?aaenoaaie caueou ?ann?aaeioi/eaaaiuo e
yaaeoe?oaiuo.
– iaee/ea aiaeienoi/ieeia, eo oa?aeoa?enoeea, aiciiaeiinoe e n?iee
no?ieoaeuenoaa iiauo;
– iaoai?ieiae/aneea oneiaey, oa?aeoa?iua aeey aeaiiie ianoiinoe;
– aiciiaeiinoe aicieeiiaaiey cii eaoano?ioe/aneiai caoiieaiey e ae?oaeo
noeoeeiuo aaaenoaee.
– Ooaa AI iauaeoa, iieo/ea oeacaiey auoanoiyuaai ooaaa AI, ?ac?aaaouaaao
?acaeae ieaia a?aaeaeaineie iai?iiu iauaeoa ii aii?inai i?aaiecaoeee e
i?iaaaeaiey ?ann?aaeioi/aiey e yaaeoaoeee.
I?aaiecaoeey ?ann?aaeioi/aiey e yaaeoaoeee. Ia iniiaaiee ieaia
?ann?aaeioi/aiey e yaaeoaoeee a oiaea iiaeaioiaee e eo inouanoaeaieth
i?iaiaeyony neaaeothuea ia?ii?eyoey:
– nicaeathony e iiaeaea?aeeaathony a iinoiyiiie aioiaiinoe ioieou
oi?aaeaiey, n?aaenoaa nayce e iiiaauaiey;
– iiaeaioaaeeaathony ana aeaeu o?ainii?oa, noaioeee e ioieou iinaaeee e
aunaaeee, o?ainii?oiua e iaoaoiaeiua ia?o?oou, i?iiaaeooi/iua ioieou
yaaeoaoeee e ?aeiiu ?aciauaiey a caai?iaeiie ciia;
– auyaeythony iiiauaiey e nii?oaeaiey, i?eaiaeiua aeey eniieueciaaiey a
ea/anoaa i?ioeai?aaeeaoeeiiiuo oe?uoee;
– no?iyony e iai?oaeothony enoi/ieee aiaeiniaaaeaiey;
– iiaeaioaaeeaaaony e i?iaiaeeony ?yae ae?oaeo ia?ii?eyoee,
niinianoaothueo oniaoiiio i?iaaaeaieth ?ann?aaeioi/aiey e yaaeoaoeee.
Ai?iaeneay (?aeiiiay) yaaeoaoeeiiiay eiienney nicaeaaony ii ?aoaieth
niioaaonoaothuaai eniieeiia Niaaoa aeaiooaoia o?oaeyueony. Iaeei ec
caianoeoaeae i?aaenaaeaoaey eniieeiia iacia/aaony i?aaenaaeaoaeai
yaaeoaoeeiiiie eiiennee. A ninoaa yaaeoaoeeiiiie eiiennee auaeaeythony
ioaaonoaaiiua ?aaioieee eniieeiia Niaaoa aeaiooaoia o?oaeyueony,
o?ainii?oiuo i?aaiia, ia?iaeiiai ia?aciaaiey, cae?aaiio?aiaiey,
nioeeaeueiiai iaania/aiey, aioo?aiieo aeae, aiaieiiaoa e nayce.
?ann?aaeioi/aiea e yaaeoaoeey i?iaiaeyony /a?ac nai?iua yaaeoaoeeiiiua
ioieou (NYI), nicaeaaaaiua ai?iaeneeie yaaeoaoeeiiiuie eiienneyie. Yoe
ioieou i?aaeiacia/athony aeey nai?a, ?aaeno?aoeee ?ann?aaeioi/eaaaiiai e
yaaeoe?oaiiai ianaeaiey e ioi?aaee aai ia ioieou (noaioeee, ieaooi?iu,
i?enoaie) iinaaeee eee ia enoiaeiua ioieou iaoaoiaeiuo ia?o?ooia, Ia NYI
oaeaea aiceaaathony: i?aaiecaoeey iinaaeee ethaeae ia o?ainii?o eee
oi?ie?iaaiea iaoeo eieiii e ioi?aaea eo a caai?iaeioth ciio;
i?aaiecaoeey oe?uoey ethaeae a ?aeiia NYI ii neaiaeo “Aicaeooiay
o?aaiaa”; i?aaenoaaeaiea naaaeaiee a yaaeoaoeeiiioth eiienneth i
eiee/anoaa ?ann?aaeioi/aiiuo e yaaeoe?iaaiiuo, ioi?aaeaiiuo /a?ac NYI a
caai?iaeioth ciio. NYI ?acaa?ouaathony a iauanoaaiiuo caeaieyo (oeieao,
eeoaao e o. i.) aaeece aeaeaciiaei?iaeiuo noaioeee, ieaooi?i, i?enoaiae,
o. a. aaeece iano iinaaeee ia niioaaonoaothuee o?ainii?o. E?iia oiai,
NYI ?aciauathony oaeaea ia i?aaei?eyoeyo, eiathueo iiaeuacaeiua iooe eee
?a/iua (ii?neea) i?e/aeu, a oaeaea ia oao i?aaei?eyoeyo, n eioi?uo
?ann?aaeioi/aiea ?aai/eo e neoaeaueo e yaaeoaoeey /eaiia eo naiae
inouanoaeyaony aaoiiiaeeueiui o?ainii?oii. Ia/aeueieee NYI n iieo/aieai
?anii?yaeaiey i ia/aea i?iaaaeaiey yaaeoaoeeiiiuo ia?ii?eyoee:
– i?eaiaeyo NYI a aioiaiinoue e i?eaio yaaeoe?oaiuo; onoaiaaeeaatho
naycue n ia/aeueieeaie noaioeee, ii?oia, i?enoaiae e ioieoia iinaaeee, a
oaeaea ni ooaaaie AI iauaeoia, i?ee?aieaiiuo e aeaiiiio NYI; ooi/iytho
ii?yaeie ioi?aaee ?aai/eo e neoaeaueo i?aaei?eyoee, o/?aaeaeaiee e
i?aaiecaoeee, iiia?a auaeaeaiiuo aeaeaciiaei?iaeiuo yoaeiiia
(aaoieieiii, noaeia), a?aiy eo iiaea/e e ioi?aaeaiey, iiia?a iaoaoiaeiuo
ia?o?ooia, ninoaa iaoeo eieiii e enoiaeiua ioieou.
Ii ia?a i?eauoey ianaeaiey ia/aeueiee NYI niaianoii n i?aaenoaaeoaeyie
ooaaia AI iauaeoia e AEYEia inouanoaeyao aai i?eai e ?aaeno?aoeeth;
?ani?aaeaeyao ii aaaiiai (aaoiiiaeeyi, noaeai); oi?ie?oao iaoea eieiiiu.
I oiaea ?ann?aaeioi/aiey e yaaeoaoeee ia/aeueiee NYI aeieeaaeuaaao ooaao
AI e yaaeoaoeeiiiie eiiennee ai?iaea (?aeiia).
I ia/aea yaaeoaoeee ianaeaiea iiiaauaaony /a?ac i?aaei?eyoey,
o/?aaeaeaiey, o/aaiua caaaaeaiey, aeiiioi?aaeaiey e i?aaiu ieeeoeee.
Iieo/ea ecaauaiea i ?ann?aaeioi/aiee e yaaeoaoeee, a?aaeaeaia a oi/ii
oeacaiiia a?aiy aeieaeiu i?eauoue ia NYI. I?e neaaeiaaiee ia NYI
eaaeaeue aeieaeai acyoue n niaie ianii?o, aiaiiue aeeao, aeieoiaiou ia
ia?aciaaiee, o?oaeiaoth eieaeeo eee iaineiiiia oaeinoiaa?aiea,
naeaeaoaeuenoai i ?iaeaeaiee aeaoae, iaiaoiaeeiue caian i?iaeoeoia (ia 2
— 3 aeiy), aaeuea, iinoaeueiua i?eiaaeeaaeiinoe e ae?oaea iaiaoiaeeiua
aaue n o/aoii aeeeoaeueiiai i?aauaaiey a caai?iaeiie ciia.
Aeaoyi aeioeieueiiai aic?anoa iaiaoiaeeii aeiaeeoue a ea?iaiu eee
i?eoeoue e iaeaaeaea caienee n oeacaieai oaieeee, eiaie, io/anoaa e
ianoa aeeoaeuenoaa eee ?aaiou ?iaeeoaeae. Ia?aae ooiaeii ec eaa?oe?u
iaiaoiaeeii aueeth/eoue yeaeo?e/anoai e aac, cae?uoue eaa?oe?o e naeaoue
aa i?aaenoaaeoaeth aeiiioi?aaeaiey. Ia NYI yaaeoe?oaiua i?ioiaeyo
?aaeno?aoeeth, a?oiie?othony ii aaaiiai aeaeaciiaei?iaeiiai yoaeiia eee
ii aaoiiaoeiai aaoieieiiiu (noaeai) e a iacia/aiiia a?aiy auaiaeyony e
ioieoai iinaaeee ia o?ainii?o.
Ia ioieoao iinaaeee aaeieieno?aoeey noaioeee (ioieoa, i?enoaie)
niaianoii n i?aaenoaaeoaeyie iauaeoia inouanoaeyao iinaaeeo ethaeae a
aaaiiu (aaoiiaoeiu, noaea) e iiaeaea?aeeaaao no?iaee ii?yaeie. Iinaaeeo
i?iaiaeyo noa?oea ii aaaiiai e aaoiiaoeiai, Iinea iinaaeee, a caoai e a
iooe neaaeiaaiey yaaeoe?oaiui cai?auaaony auoiaeeoue ec aaaiiia
(aaoiiaoei e noaeia) aac ?ac?aoaiey noa?oeo. Ii i?eauoee yoaeiia
(aaoieieiiiu) ia ioieo aunaaeee yaaeoe?oaiua ii ?anii?yaeaieth
ia/aeueieea yoaeiia (aaoieieiiiu) aua?oaeathony e neaaeotho ia i?eaiiue
yaaeiioieo, aaea i?ioiaeyo ?aaeno?aoeeth, ?ani?aaeaeythony ii ianaeaiiui
ioieoai e neaaeotho e iei. Aeaoe, eiaaeeaeu e i?anoa?aeua, a oaeaea aaue
yaaeoe?oaiuo ia?aaicyony ianoiui o?ainii?oii.
A?aaeaeaia, yaaeoe?oaiua iaoei ii?yaeeii, i?ioiaeyo ?aaeno?aoeeth ia
nai?iii yaaeoaoeeiiiii ioieoa, iinea /aai naiaeyony a iaoea eieiiiu ii
500-1000 /aeiaae, oi?ie?oaiua ii i?aaei?eyoeyi (i?aaiecaoeeyi,
o/?aaeaeaieyi). Ia/aeueieee iaoeo eieiii iacia/athony ?oeiaiaeeoaeyie
yoeo i?aaei?eyoee (o/?aaeaeaiee, i?aaiecaoeee).
Ia/aeueieeo iaoae eieiiiu aeaaony noaia ia?oa eieiiiu, eioi?ay yaeyaony
iniiaiui aeieoiaioii, ?aaeaiaioe?othuei aeaeaeaiea eieiiiu [15:87-95].
Aeey oaeianoaa oi?aaeaiey eieiiia ?acaeaaaony ia a?oiiu ii 50-100
/aeiaae, iacia/athony noa?oea a?oii, eioi?ua i?iaa?ytho ninoaa naieo
a?oii, ia aeiioneatho a eieiiio iinoi?iiieo e neaaeyo, /oiau ia auei
ionoaaoeo.
A iacia/aiiia a?aiy eieiiiu auaiaeyony ia enoiaeiua ioieou e neaaeotho
ii oeacaiiui ia?o?ooai. Nei?inoue aeaeaeaiey ?ann/eouaaaony ia aieaa 3-4
ei//; iaaeaeo eieiiiaie onoaiaaeeaathony aeenoaioeee aei 500 i, *a?ac
eaaeaeua 1-1,5 / aeaeaeaiey i?aaeoniao?eaaaony iaeue i?eaae
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoueth 15 iei, a a ia/aea aoi?ie iieiaeiu nooi/iiai
ia?aoiaea – aieueoie i?eaae ia 1-2 /.
Nooi/iue ia?aoiae caeai/eaaaony n i?eoiaeii a i?iiaaeooi/iue ioieo
yaaeoaoeee, iacia/aaiue ca i?aaeaeaie cii aiciiaeiuo ?ac?ooaiee. Ia
i?iiaaeooi/iii ioieoa yaaeoaoeee (IIY) aaeieieno?aoeey ioieoa i?aaiecoao
o/ao i?eauaoeo yaaeoe?oaiuo, a?aiaiiia ?aciauaiea eo a aeeeuo iiiauaieyo
eee a iaeaoeao, iaania/aiea ieuae e aiaeie, oe?uoea a caueoiuo
nii?oaeaieyo ii neaiaeo “Aicaeooiay o?aaiaa” e aeaeueiaeooth ioi?aaeo e
ianoo ?annaeaiey. Io IIY a caaeneiinoe io ianoaiiaee e o?ainii?oiuo
aiciiaeiinoae yaaeoe?oaiua iiaoo ia?aaiceoueny o?ainii?oii naeueneiai
?aeiia eee o?ainii?oii, inaiaiaeeaoeiny io ia?aii/a?aaeiuo
yaaeoaoeeiiiuo ia?aaicie. Yaaeoe?oaiua, eioi?ua iiaeeaaeao ?aciauaieth a
aeeceaaeaueo io IIY ?aeiiao, a iineaaeothuai iiaoo ioi?aaeyoueny iaoei
ii?yaeeii iaiin?aaenoaaiii e ianoai ?aciauaiey.
Ooaa AI iauaeoa iieo/aao io auoanoiyuaai ooaaa auieneo ec ieaia
yaaeoaoeeiiiuo ia?ii?eyoee, a eioi?ie oeacaii, eaeea o?ainii?oiua
n?aaenoaa auaeaeythony iauaeoo, eo aianoeiinoue, a?aiy iiaea/e, ianoi
iinaaeee, a?aiy ioi?aaeaiey, ianoi e a?aiy aunaaeee.
A oeaeyo iaania/aiey /aoeie ?aaiou aaoio?ainii?oa ia aaca
aaoio?ainii?oiuo i?aaei?eyoee ai?iaea nicaeathony aaoieieiiiu a ninoaaa
20-30 aaoiiiaeeae, iacia/athony ia/aeueieee eieiii, a ia iaoeiao—
ia/aeueieee aaoiiaoei. I?e ieaie?iaaiee ?aaiou aaoieieiii aeaeaoaeueii,
/oiau eaaeaeay aaoieieiiia inouanoaeyea ia?aaicee ia iaeiii ia?o?ooa. Ii
iieo/aiee ?anii?yaeaiey i ia/aea ?ann?aaeioi/aiey e yaaeoaoeee
aaoieieiiiu i?eauaatho ia NYI e iiaeathony aeey iinaaeee ethaeae. Ii
ieii/aiee iinaaeee aaoieieiiiu auoiaeyo ia naie ia?o?oou e aeinoaaeytho
ethaeae a iacia/aiiua ioieou aunaaeee, caoai aica?auathony ia NYI aeey
auiieiaiey iineaaeothueo ?aenia ii auaico yaaeoe?oaiuo. Oi?aaeaiea
aaoio?ainii?oiuie ia?aaiceaie ia ia?o?ooao inouanoaeyaony
aeeniao/a?neeie ioieoaie, eioi?ua i?aaiecothony ii iaeiiio ia eaaeaeii
ia?o?ooa [15:95-96]
2.3 Ieai yaaeoaoeee
?ac?aaaouaaaony a aeaea ?acaeaeia ieaia aeaenoaee ii i?aaeoi?aaeaeaieth
e eeeaeaeaoeee /?acau/aeiuo neooaoeee i?e?iaeiiai e oaoiiaaiiiai
oa?aeoa?a e ieaia a?aaeaeaineie iai?iiu.
I?aaiu oi?aaeaiey ii aeaeai AI e *N ai?iaeia, aaeieieno?aoeaiuo ie?oaia,
?aeiiia e aaaeiinoa ia iniiaaiee oeacaiee auoanoiyueo einoaioeee, a
oaeaea i?iaiica ianoaiiaee, eioi?ay iiaeao neiaeeoueny i?e *N eee
iaiaaeaiee i?ioeaieea, ?ac?aaaouaatho iiae?iaiua ieaiu yaaeoaoeee. I?e
yoii iaycaoaeueii o/eouaatho iiiaea oaeoi?u, iai?eia?, oaeea, eae:
eiee/anoai iauaeoia e ethaeae, iiaeeaaeaueo yaaeoaoeee; aaia?aoe/aneia
iieiaeaiea, oaeae?iiinoue e aiciiaeiinoe ?aeiiia, ?anniao?eaaaiuo, aeey
i?e?ia yaaeoe?iaaiiuo; ninoiyiea aei?iaeii-o?ainii?oiie naoe; iaee/ea e
ninoiyiea o?ainii?oa (ii aeaeai); aioiaiinoue yaaeoaoeeiiiuo i?aaiia e
?aaioa; iaee/ea ioaeiuo no?oeoo?, i?aaiecaoeee e nee aeey ananoi?iiiaai
iaania/aiey i?ioeanna yaaeoaoeee.
A yoeo ieaiao iiaeii aeaeaoue, eaeea iauaeou, eaeei aeaeii o?ainii?oa e
eoaea yaaeoe?othony, ia?o?oou yaaeoaoeee, ianoa nai?iuo yaaeoaoeeiiiuo
ioieoia, ioieoia i?e?ia e ?aeiiu iinoiyiiiai ?aciauaiey [16:78].
Eniieuecoy auieneo ec ieaia yaaeoaoeee auoanoiyuaai i?aaia oi?aaeaiey AI
e *N, eaaeaeue iauaeo, iiaeeaaeauee yaaeoaoeee i?e oa?ica aicieeiiaaiey
eee aicieeiiaaiee e?oiiuo /?acau/aeiuo neooaoeee, a oaeaea i?e oa?ica
?acaycuaaiey i?ioeaieeii aiaiiuo aeaenoaee, ninoaaeyao naie iiae?iaiue
ieai yaaeoaoeee. A ieo i?e nio?aiaiee iauaai caiunea auiieiaiey
yaaeoaoeeiiiuo ia?ii?eyoee i?i?aaaouaathony aeaoaee, oa?aeoa?iua aeey
eaaeaeiai eiie?aoiiai iauaeoa.
?ac?aaioeie yoeo ieaiia e eo iineaaeothuae ei??aeoe?iaeie caieiathony
yaaeoaoeeiiiua eiiennee i?aaei?eyoee, o/?aaeaeaiee e i?aaiecaoeee.
No?oeoo?a e niaea?aeaiea ieaia yaaeoaoeee. Ieai ninoieo ec aeaoo /anoae:
oaenoiaie e i?eeiaeaiee. A oaenoiaie — ia neo/ae *N i?e?iaeiiai e
oaoiiaaiiiai oa?aeoa?a — oeacuaaaony:
– ii?yaeie iiiaauaiey ?aai/eo, neoaeaueo e /eaiia naiae i ia/aea
yaaeoaoeee;
– /eneaiiinoue ?aai/eo, neoaeaueo e /eaiia naiae, iiaeeaaeaueo
yaaeoaoeee;
– ?aeiiu ?aciauaiey yaaeoe?oaiuo;
– n?iee auiieiaiey yaaeoaoeeiiiuo ia?ii?eyoee;
– ii?yaeie auaica (auaiaea) yaaeoe?oaiuo o?ainii?oii ec ciiu *N;
– i?aaiecaoeey iaania/aiey iauanoaaiiiai ii?yaeea e ?aaoee?iaaiey
aei?iaeiiai aeaeaeaiey ia ia?o?ooa yaaeoaoeee;
– ii?yaeie iaania/aiey yaaeoe?oaiuo n?aaenoaaie eiaeeaeaeoaeueiie
caueou;
– i?aaiecaoeey caueou yaaeoe?oaiuo a ianoao nai?a e ia ia?o?ooao
yaaeoaoeee;
– ii?yaeie ?aciauaiey yaaeoe?oaiuo a aaciianiii ?aeiia e eo
ia?aii/a?aaeiiai aeeciaiaania/aiey;
– naieoa?ii-i?ioeaiyieaeaie/aneea e ea/aaii-yaaeoaoeeiiiua ia?ii?eyoey;
– oi?aaeaiea yaaeiia?ii?eyoeyie;
-eioi?ie?iaaiea e eino?oeoe?iaaiea ?aai/eo, neoaeaueo e /eaiia naiae a
oiaea yaaeoaoeee.
A i?eeiaeaieyo ia ea?oao, noaiao, a?aoeeao, ?an/?oao aeieaeiu auoue:
– ?an/?o ?aai/eo, neoaeaueo e /eaiia naiae, iiaeeaaeaueo yaaeoaoeee:
– ?an/?o o?ainii?oa e aai ?ani?aaeaeaiea ii no?oeoo?iui iiae?acaeaeaieyi
iauaeoa;
– ?aciauaiea NYI, enoiaeiiai ioieoa yaaeoaoeee iaoei ii?yaeeii, noaioeee
(ioieoia) iinaaeee e aunaaeee yaaeoe?oaiuo;
– ninoaa yaaeoaoeeiiiiai i?aaia e n?iee aai i?eaaaeaiey a aioiaiinoue;
noaia iiiaauaiey i ia/aea yaaeoaoeee;
– i?aaiecaoeey nayce;
– ea?oa ?aciauaiey yaaeoe?oaiuo a aaciianiii ?aeiia.
A oaenoiaie i?e yaaeoaoeee e ?ann?aaeioi/aiee a aiaiiia a?aiy (?acaeae
ieaia AI) — oeacuaathony:
– ii?yaeie iiiaauaiey ?aai/eo, neoaeaueo e /eaiia naiae i ia/aea
yaaeoaoeee e eo eino?oeoe?iaaiey;
– /eneaiiinoue ?aai/eo, neoaeaueo e /eaiia naiae, iiaeeaaeaueo
yaaeoaoeee;
– NYI, ca eioi?ui cae?aie?i iauaeo eee eioi?ue ?aca??ouaaao aai. A?aiy
?aca??ouaaiey NYI e i?eauoey ia iaai ?aai/eo e neoaeaueo, a oaeaea
/eaiia naiae;
– ii?yaeie iiaeaioiaee aeieoiaioia e ieieiaeueii iaiaoiaeeiuo a?ocia e
yaaeoaoeee, iia?ocee ia o?ainii?oiua n?aaenoaa e ?aca?ocee a ioieoao
yaaeoaoeee;
– ii?yaeie o?aiaiey aeieoiaioia, iai?oaeiaaiey e eiouanoaa, auaiceiuo a
ioieo yaaeoaoeee e inoathueony a ianoa iinoiyiiie aeeneieaoeee;
– ia?o?oo (ia?o?oou) yaaeoaoeee, IIY, ioieou iinaaeee, aunaaeee;
– ioieou ?aciauaiey yaaeoe?oaiuo a aaciianiie (caai?iaeiie) ciia;
– ia/aeueieee yoaeiiia, noa?oea aaoiiiaeeueiuo eieiii e ae?oaea
aeieaeiinoiua eeoea, ioaaonoaaiiua ca i?aaiecaoeeth auaica (auaiaea) a
aaciianioth (caai?iaeioth) ciio;
– ii?yaeie ?aciauaiey a aaciianiie (caai?iaeiie) ciia ?aai/eo, neoaeaueo
e /eaiia eo naiae;
– i?aaiecaoeey caueou ethaeae a ianoao nai?a, ia ia?o?ooao yaaeoaoeee e
a ?aeiiao ?aciauaiey a aaciianiie (caai?iaeiie) ciia;
– ii?yaeie ia?aii/a?aaeiiai aeeciaiaania/aiey ethaeae a ianoao eo
?aciauaiey a aaciianiie (caai?iaeiie) ciia;
– i?aaiecaoeey oi?aaeaiey e nayce a oiaea i?iaaaeaiey yaaeoaoeee e a
aaciianiie (caai?iaeiie) ciia [16: 112-113].
A i?eeiaeaieyo e oaenoiaie /anoe aeathony aeieoiaiou (noaiu, a?aoeee,
?an/aou) eae e ia neo/ae yaaeoaoeee a ie?iia a?aiy. Yoi:
?an/aou ii auaico iao?oaeiniiniaiiai e ia caiyoiai a i?iecaiaenoaa e
noa?a ianeoaeeaaiey ianaeaiey (ii /anoe/iie yaaeoaoeee); ?ani?aaeaeaiea
?ann?aaeioi/eaaaiiai e yaaeoe?oaiiai ianaeaiey ii niiniaai yaaeoaoeee;
ii/aniaie a?aoee i?iaaaeaiey ?ann?aaeioi/aiey e yaaeoaoeee; a?aoee
iiaeaica (“neieuecyuee a?aoee”) ?ann?aaeioa/eaaaiuo ?aai/eo niai
i?aaei?eyoee, i?iaeieaeathueo ?aaioo a eaoaai?e?iaaiiii ai?iaea a
aiaiiia a?aiy, Aeey iaiin?aaenoaaiiie iiaeaioiaee, ieaie?iaaiey e
i?iaaaeaiey yaaeoaoeeiiiuo ia?ii?eyoee ?aoaieyie Ia/aeueieeia AI
oa??eoi?eaeueiuo e io?aneaauo (iauaeoiauo) i?aaiia oi?aaeaiey
nicaeathony yaaeoaoeeiiiua i?aaiu, eioi?ua ?aaioatho ai acaeiiaeaenoaee
n niioaaonoaothueie i?aaiaie oi?aaeaiey AI*N e neoaeaaie AI [12: 154].
Caaeaaia?aiaiii (a ie?iia a?aiy) oi?ie?othony (nicaeathony) neaaeothuea
yaaeii?aaiu:
yaaeoaoeeiiiua eiiennee – ?anioaeeeaineea, e?aaaua, iaeanoiua,
ai?iaeneea, ?aeiiiua a ai?iaeao e ae?oaeo ianaeaiiuo ioieoia e
iauaeoiaua; yaaeoaoeeiiiua eiiennee ieienoa?noa (aaaeiinoa) e
i?aaiecaoeee;
nai?iua yaaeoaoeeiiiua ioieou (NYI) — ai?iaeneea e iauaeoiaua;
yaaeii?eaiiua eiiennee – i?e i?aaiao ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey;
i?iiaaeooi/iua ioieou yaaeoaoeee
i?eaiiua yaaeoaoeeiiiua ioieou (IYI)
iia?aoeaiua a?oiiu II – ii i?aaiecaoeee auaica yaaeiianaeaiey;
a?oiiu oi?aaeaiey ia ia?o?ooao iaoae yaaeoaoeee:
aaeieieno?aoeee e ioieoia iinaaeee (aunaaeee) ianaeaiey ia o?ainii?o (n
o?ainii?oa).
Yeno?aiiay yaaeoaoeey – iia cia/eoaeueii ioee/aaony io oie, i eioi?ie
oea ?a/ue auoa. Yeno?aiiay yaaeoaoeey aucuaaaony iau/ii eaeeie-oi
auno?ioa/iuie, /?acau/aeiuie neooaoeeyie, eo ianooaau aieueoae /anoueth
iinyo ia?aie/aiiue oa?aeoa?, ii ia anaaaea. Yaaeoaoeey ianaeaiey —
eiiieaen ia?ii?eyoee ii i?aaieciaaiiiio auaico (auaiaeo) ianaeaiey ec
cii *N eee aa?iyoiie /?acau/aeiie neooaoeee i?e?iaeiiai e oaoiiaaiiiai
oa?aeoa?a e aai e?aoeia?aiaiiiio ?aciauaieth a caaeaaia?aiaiii
iiaeaioiaeaiiuo ii oneiaeyi ia?aii/a?aaeiiai aeeciaiaania/aiey
aaciianiuo (aia cii aeaenoaey ii?aaeathueo oaeoi?ia enoi/ieea *N)
?aeiiao- aeaeaa aaciianiua ?aeiiu.
Yaaeoaoeey n/eoaaony caaa?oaiiie, eiaaea ana iiaeeaaeauaa yaaeoaoeee ia-
naeaiea aoaeao auaacaii (auaaaeaii) ca a?aieoeu ciiu aeaenoaey
ii?aaeathueo oaeoi?ia enoi/ieea *N a aaciianiua ?aeiiu.
Iniiaaieai aeey i?eiyoey ?aoaiey ia i?iaaaeaiea yaaeoaoeee yaeyaony
iaee/ea oa?icu aeecie e caei?iaueth ethaeae, ioeaieaaaiie ii ca?aiaa
onoaiiaeaiiui aeey eaaeaeiai aeaea iianiinoe e?eoa?eyi.
I?aai i?eiyoey ?aoaiey ia i?iaaaeaiea yaaeiia?ii?eyoee i?eiaaeeaaeeo
?oeiaiaeeoaeyi (ia/aeueieeai AI) i?aaiia eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe iauaeoia
?O, i?aaiia ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey, ia oa??eoi?ee eioi?uo aicieeea eee
i?iaiice?oaony [7: 17].
A neo/ayo, o?aaothueo i?eiyoey aacioeaaaoaeueiiai ?aoaiey, yeno?aiiay
yaaeoaoeey, iinyuay eieaeueiue oa?aeoa?, iiaeao inouanoaeyoueny ii
oeacaieth (?anii?yaeaieth) iioaioeeaeueii iianiiai iauaeoa.
Iauaa ?oeiaiaenoai yaaeoaoeeae ianaeaiey inouanoaeyaony IAI (ei ienneyie
ii *N) oa??eoi?eaeueiuo, aaaeiinoaaiiuo, iauaeoiauo i?aaiia oi?aaeaiey,
a iaiin?aaenoaaiiay i?aaiecaoeey e i?iaaaeaiea yaaeoaoeeiiiuo
ia?ii?eyoee — yaaeoaoeeiiiuie i?aaiaie, nicaeaaaaiuie aeaaaie
aaeieieno?aoeee noauaeoia ?O, i?aaiia ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey, i?aaiaie
oi?aaeaiey iauaeoia yeiiiieee /a?ac yaaeoaoeeiiiua i?aaiu e ooaau AI*N
[2:35]
2.4 I?aaiecaoeey e iaoiaee/aneia i?iaaaeaiea yaaeiia?ii?eyoee ia i?eia?a
aunoaai o/aaiiai caaaaeaiey (E?eooneee ainoaea?noaaiiue eeiaaenoe/aneee
oieaa?neoao)
I?aeoe/aneay /anoue eo?niaie ?aaiou i?aaenoaaeaia ?ac?aaioeie
eiiieaeniie nenoaiu i?aaiecaoeee yaaeoaoeeiiiuo ia?ii?eyoee a aunoai
o/aaiii caaaaeaiee, a /anoiinoe, E?eooneii ainoaea?noaaiiii
eeiaaenoe/aneii oieaa?neoaoa. O/?aaeaeaiey ia?aciaaiey ioiinyony e /eneo
iaeaieaa oycaeiuo no?oeoo?. Iineaaenoaey /?acau/aeiuo neooaoeee a ieo
ioee/athony iniaie oyaeanoueth, neeueiui iieeoe/aneei e nioeeaeueiui
?aciiainii a no?aia e ca aa i?aaeaeaie, iiyoiio caaea/e iaania/aiey
aaciianiinoe AOCa i?eia?aoatho ceiaiaeiaaiinoue e cia/eiinoue. A iauae
nenoaia aaciianiinoe AOCa iaeaieueooth neiaeiinoue i?aaenoaaeyao
i?aaiecaoeey nenoaiu yaaeoaoeee i?e aicieeiiaaiee e oa?ica /?acau/aeiuo
neooaoeee. A iiae ?aaioa i?aaenoaaeaii aeaa aa?eaioa yaaeiia?ii?eyoee:
1. I?e yeno?aiiie yaaeoaoeee a oneiaeyo *N ie?iiai a?aiaie;
2. I?e ieaiiia?iie i?aaieciaaiiie yaaeoaoeee a oneiaeyo *N aiaiiiai
a?aiaie.
Nouiinoue yaaeoaoeee, aa oeaee e caaea/e e a oii, e ae?oaii neo/aa iaeie
e oa aea — iaania/eoue caueoo e aaciianiinoue ethaeae io aicaeaenoaey
iaaaoeaiuo ii?aaeathueo oaeoi?ia a iaeneiaeueii naeaoua n?iee e a auno?i
iaiythuaeny neiaeiie ianoaiiaea. Ii i?aaiecaoeey, niiniau e iaoiaeu
i?iaaaeaiey yaaeiia?i i?eyoee ieaiiia?iiai oa?aeoa?a ioee/athony io
yeno?aiiie yaaeoaoeee.
Yoi eanaaony ia oieueei iauaeoia yeiiiieee oiaea. Ii neaaeoao ioiaoeoue,
/oi ia?aciaaoaeueiua o/?aaeaeaiey eiatho niaoeeoe/aneea ioee/ey io
iauaeoia yeiiiieee, /oi iaoneaaeeaaao e iniaaiiinoe ieaiiia?iie
yaaeoaoeee.
Yeno?aiiay yaaeoaoeey
Iiie i?iaaaeai iiieoi?eia nenoaiu i?eiyoey ?aoaiee e i?aaiecaoeee
nianaiey ethaeae a AOCa. Iniiao yoie nenoaiu a caeaiee ninoaaeyao
aeaaeo?iay neoaeaa, iniauaiiay n?aaenoaaie iieo/aiey eioi?iaoeee io
nenoai iiaea?iie neaiaeecaoeee, aeaeaiiaaethaeaiey, aeiionea a caeaiea e
ae?.
Ia iniiaa yoie eioi?iaoeee i?eieiathony ia?u ?aaae?iaaiey ia
aicieeiiaaiea oa?icu. Yoe ia?u inouanoaeythony ii nenoaia: iiiaauaiea e
eioi?ie?iaaiea ?oeiaiaeyuaai ninoaaa (?aeoi?, i?i?aeoi?u); ioeaiea
ianoaiiaee; naycue ni neoaeaaie nianaiey e ?oeiaiaenoaii; i?eiyoea
?aoaiey; iiiaauaiea. Ia neo/ae iieo/aiey eioi?iaoeee io ?acee/iuo nenoai
a AOCa caaeaaia?aiaiii ?ac?aaaouaathony eino?oeoeee i ii?yaeea aeaenoaee
ia?niiaea, i?aiiaeaaaoaeae e o/aueony. A niioaaonoaee n yoeie
eino?oeoeeyie ana aeaenoaey io?aaaouaathony a oiaea i?aeoe/aneeo caiyoee
e o?aie?iaie e ?ac?aaaouaathony ieaiu yaaeoaoeee ec caeaiey.
Iaeaieueooth neiaeiinoue a iauae nenoaia nianaiey ethaeae i?aaenoaaeyao
i?eiyoea ?aoaiey ia yeno?aiiie yaaeoaoeee, /oi iaoneiaeaii neaaeothueie
i?e/eiaie:
– i?iiaaeeaiea i?eaaaeao e aeaaee ethaeae e iineaaeothuaio oaieiaiiio
i?aneaaeiaaieth aeiiaiuo aeieaeiinoiuo eeoe;
– i?eiyoea ?aoaiey aac aeinoaoi/iuo iniiaaiee iiaea/ao nieaeaiea o?iaiy
aini?eyoey iianiinoe yaaeoe?iaaiiuie e aeaci?aaiecaoeeth neoaeau
eiiieaeniie aaciianiinoe a oeaeii.
Iaa oeacaiiuo oaeoi?a acaeiinaycaiu e ineiaeiaiu cia/eoaeueiui
eiee/anoaii eiaeiuo niiauaiee, a oae aea oai, /oi o?oaeii iaiaaeeaiii
eeanneoeoee?iaaoue, ii?aaeaeeoue aeaenoaeoaeueii ee aicieeea oa?ica.
Yoe ianoiyoaeuenoaa ii?aaeaeytho iniiaiua o?aaiaaiey e iiaeaioiaea e
i?aaiecaoeee yaaeoaoeee a neo/aa oa?icu:
1. Aunieee o?iaaiue iiaeaioiaee ?oeiaiaeyuaai ninoaaa ii anai niaeo?ai
aii?inia, eanathueony aaciianiinoe iauaeoa (AOCa), ciaiey aiciiaeiinoae,
?aaeeiia ?aaiou e yenieoaoaoeee oaoie/aneeo n?aaenoa aaciianiinoe e a
ia?aoth i/a?aaeue i?ioeaiiiaea?iuo.
2. Iao/aiea e iiaeaioiaea iinoiyiiiai ninoaaa e ia?niiaea e aeaenoaeyi
3. Oiaiea ioeaieaaoue ianoaiiaeo e i?eieiaoue auno?ua i?aaeeueiua
?aoaiey.
4. Niciaoaeueiia e ioaaonoaaiiia ioiioaiea e ?ac?aaioea aeieoiaioia ii
ieaie?iaaieth yaaeiia?ii?eyoee.
5. Iiaeaea?aeaiea a aioiaiinoe nianoaaiiuo n?aaenoa ia neo/ae
eeeaeaeaoeee neooaoeee aei “i?eauoey niioaaonoaothueo neoaea
aaciianiinoe.
6. Eiio?ieue ca ninoiyieai caeaiey (/a?aeaee, aoiaeu, auoiaeu,
oa??eoi?ey, eoaea aoaeao i?iaiaeeoueny yaaeoaoeey),
7. Naycue ni nianaoaeueiuie neoaeaaie e ?iaeeoaeyie
8. Iiaeaioiaea nooaeaioia e iao/aiea i?aaeeueiui aeaenoaeyi e
i?aaiecaoeee ia iiiaio yaaeoaoeee.
?aoaiey ia yaaeoaoeeth i?eieiaao ?aeoi? AOCa, iiiaauay n?aco
?oeiaiaenoai neeiauo aaaeiinoa — AI*N, AEAAeAe, Aeaia?oaiaioa
ia?aciaaiey e cae?aaiio?aiaiey, iiaea?iie neoaeau. Ana yoe no?oeoo?u
iaania/eaatho aaciianiinoue o/aueony i?e yaaeoaoeee. Ca i?iaaaeaiea
yaaeoaoeee ianao ioaaonoaaiiinoue ?aeoi? e aai caianoeoaee ii
aaciianiinoe. Ca i?aaiecaoeeth e aaciianiinoue nooaeaioia ianao
ioaaonoaaiiinoue i?aiiaeaaaoaeue. Ii iaycai: ii neaiaeo iiiaauaiey
i?ae?aoeoue caiyoea, ia aeiionoeoue iaieee, iia?aoeaii iiaeiyoue
nooaeaioia, ia?an/eoaoue e auaanoe ec aoaeeoi?ee oai ia?o?ooii, eioi?ue
io?aaaouaaeny ia o?aie?iaea. Iaiaoiaeeii no?iai neaaeeoue, /oiau
nooaeaiou ia ?acaaaaeenue e inoaaaeenue aei ioaiy aianoa n
i?aiiaeaaaoaeai. A ieaiao yaaeoaoeee i?aaeoniao?eaaaony acaeiiaeaenoaea
n ?aniieiaeaiiuie aaeece oieaa?neoaoa o/?aaeaeaieyie ia neo/ae
?aciauaiey nooaeaioia. Yaaeoaoeey i?iaiaeeony ca oa??eoi?eth AOCa a
?aaeeona ia iaiaa 500 i io caeaiey. I?e yoii ia?ae?uaaaony o?ainii?oiue
iioie aeey iaania/aiey naiaiaeiiai i?ioiaea. Nooaeaioia ieeoaea ia
oaicyo e ia ?ann?aaeioi/eaatho, anee ia yoi iao iniaiai ?ac?aoaiey.
Anee neooaoeey en/a?iaia e ianoiyoaeuenoaa iicaieytho aa?iooueny a
caeaiea a neo/aa iaaiciiaeiinoe aiciaiiaeaiey o/aaiiai i?ioeanna,
iiaeaaony “ioaie”.
I?aaieciaaiiay ieaiiia?iay yaaeoaoeey
Iaeei ec ?acaeaeia Ieaia AI iauaeoa, a oii /enea e a AOCa, niaea?aeeo
i?aaiecaoeeiiiua ia?ii?eyoey ii i?iaaaeaieth yaaeoaoeee i?e ?aaeueiie
aiaiiie oa?ica (aii?oaeaiiua eiioeeeou). Iiaeaioiaea e i?iaaaeaieth
yaaeiia?ii?eyoee inouanoaeyaony caaeaaia?aiaiii e aeeth/aao a naay: 1.
Niaeaniaaiea anao aii?inia n i?aaiaie eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe e ooaaaie
AI*N (ii?aaeaeaiea ciiu ?annaeaiey, iieo/aiea i?aea?a ia ?annaeaiea,
o?ainii?oiia iaania/aiea, eiee/anoaaiiue e ea/anoaaiiue ninoaa,
eiiieaeoiaaiea eieiii, ?aniieiaeaiea NY11 e ae?.).
2, Ia iauaeoa aioiayony nienee yaaeoe?oaiuo nio?oaeieeia e /eaiia eo
naiae (nienee ei??aeoe?othony aaeaaiaeii).
3. A AOCa yaaeoaoeee a caai?iaeioth ciio iiaeeaaeao oieueei eeoea
iinoiyiiiai ninoaaa (i?aiiaeaaaoaee e ia?niiae n /eaiaie naiae).
O/aueany yaaeoe?othony oieueei n ?iaeeoaeyie, Oieaa?neoao, n aaaaeaieai
?aaeeia oa?icu, i?ae?auaao naith aeayoaeueiinoue, Eneeth/aiea
ninoaaeytho oieueei ia?aciaaoaeueiua (ainieoaoaeueiua) o/?aaeaeaiey,
iaoiaeyueany ia ainoaea?noaaiiii iaania/aiee (aeaoneea aeiia,
eioa?iaou). Yoe o/?aaeaeaiey yaaeoe?othony aianoa n aeaoueie e
i?iaeieaeatho naith aeayoaeueiinoue a ianoao ?aciauaiey a caai?iaeiie
ciia.
Aeaiiue aeae yaaeoaoeee i?iaiaeeony oieueei ec e?oiiuo ai?iaeia e
?aoaiea ia aa i?iaaaeaiea i?eieiaao i?aaeoaeuenoai e ianoiua aeaau
aaeieieno?aoeee ai?iaeia.
Eiay enoiaeiua aeaiiua EAEO, y ?ac?aaioaee ia?o?oo aeaeaeaiey iaoae
eieiiiu io oeieu ?47 aei iinaeea ?innioa.
Nai?iue yaaeiioieo aeey Ee?ianeiai ?aeiia ai?iaea E?eoonea ?aniieaaaaony
a iee?i?aeiia Nieia/iue, ia aaca oeieu ?47. Ia NYI i?eauaatho eieiiiu e
aeaeaa iaoei ii?yaeeii i?ienoiaeeo aeaeaeaiea aei noaioeee ?innioa.
Ianoi iacia/aiey — Ooeoineee ?aeii.
Noaia ia?oa iaoae eieiiiu ?5 ii iaoaoiaeiiio ia?o?ooo ?C: oeiea ?47 —
Aieoaua Aee — ?innioa.
Iauay i?ioyaeaiiinoue ia?o?ooa — 26 ei. Enoiaeiue ioieo — oeiea ?47. Ia
ia?o?ooa eiaaony oaeaoiiiay naycue. A iinaeea ?innioa anoue
i?iaeiaieuenoaaiiue iaaacei, iaaeioieo.
Caeeth/aiea
Ii? enneaaeiaaiea auei iinayuaii ?anniio?aieth aii?inia i?aaiecaoeee e
i?iaaaeaiey yaaeiia?ii?eyoee, a oaeaea iniaaiiinoae, i?eioeeiia,
iaoiaeia e niiniaia yaaeoaoeee.
Oeaeue, iinoaaeaiiay a ia/aea enneaaeiaaiey, – ?anniio?aiea aii?inia
i?aaiecaoeee e i?iaaaeaiey yaaeiia?ii?eyoee ia i?eia?a AOCa (EAEO)- auea
aeinoeaiooa.
?aoaiea caaea/ iineoaeeei iniiaie aeey neaaeothueo auaiaeia:
1. Yaaeoaoeey ianaeaiey inoaaony iaeiei ec iniiaiuo niiniaia caueou
ianaeaiey a yeno?aiaeueiuo oneiaeyo ie?iiai e aiaiiiai a?aiaie.
2. Iniiaiie niinia yaaeoaoeee — eiiaeie?iaaiiue.
3. I?iaaaeaiea yaaeoaoeeiiiuo ia?ii?eyoee o?aaoao /aoeie e neaaeaiiie
?aaiou yaaeii?aaiia, ooaaia e neoaea AI, aaeieieno?aoeee ai?iaeia e
?aeiiia.
A ie?iia a?aiy a neo/aa aaa?ee, eaoano?io e noeoeeiuo aaaenoaee
oeaeaniia?acii i?eiaiyoue, iaoiae onei?aiiie yaaeoaoeee, aac nai?a
ianaeaiey ia nai?iuo yaaeoaoeeiiiuo ioieoao.
A nia?aiaiiie ianoaiiaea iaeaieaa aeaenoaaiiue niinia caueou—
yaaeoaoeey. Ianiio?y ia oi, /oi aua a niaaoneea a?aiaia yoio niinia n
eaaeinoueth caiaiyee caueoiua nii?oaeaiey. A aeaiiie eo?niaie ?aaioa
?ane?uou aii?inu i?aaiecaoeee e i?iaaaeaiey yaaeiia?ii?eyoee eae a iauai
ii?yaeea, oae e ia i?eia?a aunoaai o/aaiiai caaaaeaiey (E?eooneee
ainoaea?noaaiiue eeiaaenoe/aneee oieaa?neoao).
O/?aaeaeaiey ia?aciaaiey ioiinyony e /eneo iaeaieaa oycaeiuo no?oeoo?.
Iineaaenoaey /?acau/aeiuo neooaoeee a ieo ioee/athony iniaie
oyaeanoueth, neeueiui iieeoe/aneei e nioeeaeueiui ?aciiainii a no?aia e
ca aa i?aaeaeaie, iiyoiio caaea/e iaania/aiey aaciianiinoe AOCa
i?eia?aoatho ceiaiaeiaaiinoue e cia/eiinoue.
A iauae nenoaia aaciianiinoe AOCa iaeaieueooth neiaeiinoue i?aaenoaaeyao
i?aaiecaoeey nenoaiu yaaeoaoeee i?e aicieeiiaaiee e oa?ica /?acau/aeiuo
neooaoeee.
A ?aaioa i?aaenoaaeaii aeaa aa?eaioa yaaeiia?ii?eyoee:
1. I?e yeno?aiiie yaaeoaoeee a oneiaeyo *N ie?iiai a?aiaie;
2. I?e ieaiiia?iie i?aaieciaaiiie yaaeoaoeee a oneiaeyo *N aiaiiiai
a?aiaie.
Nouiinoue yaaeoaoeee, aa oeaee e caaea/e e a oii, e ae?oaii neo/aa iaeie
e oa aea — iaania/eoue caueoo e aaciianiinoue ethaeae io aicaeaenoaey
iaaaoeaiuo ii?aaeathueo oaeoi?ia a iaeneiaeueii naeaoua n?iee e a
auno?iiaiythuaeny neiaeiie ianoaiiaea.
Nienie eniieueciaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u
Caeiiu, aeieoiaiou, iinoaiiaeaiey:
1. ?inneeneay oaaea?aoeey. Caeiiu ~Oaeno~: oaaea?. caeii ? 28 io
12.02.1998 a. “I a?aaeaeaineie iai?iia”
2. OC ? 68 io 21.12.94 a. “I caueoa ianaeaiey e oa??eoi?ee io *N i?e-
?iaeiiai e oaoiiaaiiiai oa?aeoa?a”
3. Aee?aeoeaa IAI io 30.12.1979 a.
4. II ?O io 22 ethiy 2004 a. ? 303 “I ii?yaeea yaaeoaoeee ianaeaiey,
iaoa?eaeueiuo e eoeueoo?iuo oeaiiinoae a aaciianiua ?aeiiu”
5. Iinoaiiaeaiea aoaa?iaoi?a ? 543-I io 9.10,2002 a. “I ieaie?iaaiee
i?aaiecaoeee e i?iaaaeaiee yaaeoaoeee ianaeaiey i?e *N i?e?iaeiiai e
oaoiiaaiiiai oa?aeoa?a ia oa??eoi?ee E?eooneie iaeanoe”
6. ?oeiaiaenoai ii yaaeoaoeee ianaeaiey a *N i?e?iaeiiai e oaoiiaaiiiai
oa?aeoa?a AIEE AI*N, — Iineaa.: 1996, – 68 n.
7. ?oeiaiaenoai ii yaaeoaoeee ianaeaiey a aiaiiia a?aiy, AIEE AI*N.-
Iineaa.: 1996, – 81 n,
O/aaiay eeoa?aoo?a e aeiiieieoaeueiua enoi/ieee:
8. Iniiau aaciianiinoe aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe e ia?aie iaaeeoeeineie
iiiiue. [Oaeno]: O/aaiia iiniaea / iiae iauae ?aaeaeoeeae ae.a.i., i?io.
?,E. Aeciaia, ae.i.i. N.A. E?eaiuaeiaa, e.i.i. E.A. Iiaeue/aiei. —
Iiaineae?ne: Neae?neia oieaa?neoaoneia ecaeaoaeuenoai, 2004. – 394 n.
9. Aoaianueaa TH.A. Yaaeoaoeey e ?ann?aaeioi/aiea ai?iaeneiai ianaeaiey
[Oaeno] / TH.A. Aoaianueaa, — I.: Noa?a, 2001. — 480 n.
10. Aeaeeioa/ea ii caueoa ianaeaiey a /?acau/aeiuo neooaoeeyo: Auione 2.
*?acau/aeiua neooaoeee oaoiiaaiiiai oa?aeoa?a [Oaeno]: o/aaiee aeey
aocia / iiae iau. ?aae, TH.E. Ai?iaueaaa. — Eaeoaa; AOI “Iaeecaeao”,
1999. – 48 n.
11. Aai?ia I.O. A?aaeaeaineay iai?iia ~Oaeno~: o/aaiee aeey aocia / I.O,
Aai?ia, E, A. Oeyoia, I.E. Aeaaei. — I.: Aunoay oeiea, 1977. — 302 n.
12. I?aaiecaoeey e aaaeaiea AI e caueou ianaeaiey e oa??eoi?ee io *N
i?e?iaeiiai e oaoiiaaiiiai oa?aeoa?a.[Oaeno]: o/aaiee aeey aocia / iiae
?aae. A.I.Ee?eeeiaa. — I,: Noa?a, 2002, — 265 n.
13, Eiycaaa N.A. Iniiaiua i?eioeeiu e niiniau caueou ianaeaiey io
iianiinoae, aicieeathueo i?e aaaeaiee aiaiiuo aeaenoaee, aneaaenoaea
yoeo aeaenoaee, a oaeaea i?e /?acau/aeiuo neooaoeeyo [Oaeno]: iaoiaee/.
?aeiiaiaeaoeee / N,A. Eiycaaa. — E?eoone: OIOe AI*N, 2006. — 20 n.
14. Na?aaaa A,I. Caueoa ianaeaiey a ie?iia e aiaiiia a?aiy [Oaeno] /
A.I. Na?aaaa. — E?aniiy?ne: Neae?ue, 1998. — 243 n.
15. Neiaeia N.N. Aaciianiinoue eae ia?ac aeecie [Oaeno] / N.N. Neiaeia,
A.?. Iieyeiae/. -I.: Einiin, 2005. -411 n.
16. O?ooiaa A.N. Yaaeoaoeey e ?ann?aaeioi/aiea [Yeaeo?iiiue ?ano?n] /
A.N, O?ooiaa. — I.: Aeaeeia?aoey, 1996. — http://www.bti.secna.ru/ (19
ai?. 2007).
17. Oaai O.A. Aaciianiinoue aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe [Oaeno] / O.A. Oaai,
I.A. Oaai. — ?inoia: Oaieen, 2000. — 352 n. 18. Iinoaiiaeaiea
i?aaeoaeuenoaa ?O io 24 ethey 1995a. ? 738 “Ii?yaeie iiaeaioiaee
ianaeaiey a iaeanoe caueou io /?acau/aeiuo neooaoeee”.
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