IEEO
ss?ineaaneee oeeeae
EIIO?IEUeIAss ?AAIOA
ii i?aaeiaoo
Aaciianiinoue aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe
Io?aia aiaeiuo ?ano?nia, aaciianiinoue o?oaea ia i?iecaiaenoaa
Auiieieea
Aanueeianeay THeey Iao?iaia
ss?ineaaeue – 2010
1. ?aoeeiiaeueiia eniieueciaaiea e io?aia aiaeiuo ?ano?nia. Iaoiaeu
i/enoee noi/iuo aiae
Aiaea – oeaiiaeoee i?e?iaeiue ?ano?n. Iia ea?aao eneeth/eoaeueioth ?ieue
a i?ioeannao iaiaia aauanoa, ninoaaeythueo iniiao aeecie. Ia?iiiia
cia/aiea aiaea eiaao a i?iiuoeaiiii e naeueneioicyenoaaiiii
i?iecaiaenoaa. Iauaecaanoia iaiaoiaeeiinoue aa aeey auoiauo iio?aaiinoae
/aeiaaea, anao ?anoaiee e aeeaioiuo. Aeey iiiaeo aeeauo nouanoa iia
neoaeeo n?aaeie iaeoaiey. ?ino ai?iaeia, ao?iia ?acaeoea i?iiuoeaiiinoe,
eioaineoeeaoeey naeueneiai oicyenoaa, cia/eoaeueiia ?anoe?aiea ieiuaaeae
i?ioaaiuo caiaeue, oeo/oaiea eoeueoo?ii-auoiauo oneiaee e ?yae ae?oaeo
oaeoi?ia ana aieueoa oneiaeiyao i?iaeaiu iaania/aiey aiaeie. Iio?aaiinoe
a aiaea ia?iiiu e aaeaaiaeii aic?anoatho. Aaeaaiaeiue ?anoiae aiaeu ia
caiiii oa?a ii anai aeaeai aiaeiniaaaeaiey ninoaaeyao 3300-3500 ei3. I?e
yoii 70% anaai aiaeiiio?aaeaiey eniieuecoaony a naeueneii oicyenoaa.
Iiiai aiaeu iio?aaeytho oeie/aneay e oeaeetheicii-aoiaaeiay
i?iiuoeaiiinoue, /a?iay e oeaaoiay iaoaeeo?aey. ?acaeoea yia?aaoeee
oaeaea i?eaiaeeo e ?aceiio oaaee/aieth iio?aaiinoe a aiaea.
Cia/eoaeueiia eiee/anoai aiaeu ?anoiaeoaony aeey iio?aaiinoae io?anee
aeeaioiiaiaenoaa, a oaeaea ia auoiaua iio?aaiinoe ianaeaiey. Aieueoay
/anoue aiaeu iinea aa eniieueciaaiey aeey oicyenoaaiii-auoiauo ioaeae
aica?auaaony a ?aee a aeaea noi/iuo aiae. Aeaoeoeeo i?aniie aiaeu oaea
nae/an noaiiaeony ie?iaie i?iaeaiie. Ana aieaa aic?anoathuea iio?aaiinoe
i?iiuoeaiiinoe e naeueneiai oicyenoaa a aiaea canoaaeytho ana no?aiu,
o/aiuo ie?a eneaoue ?aciiia?aciua n?aaenoaa aeey ?aoaiey yoie i?iaeaiu.
Ia nia?aiaiiii yoaia ii?aaeaeythony oaeea iai?aaeaiey ?aoeeiiaeueiiai
eniieueciaaiey aiaeiuo ?ano?nia: aieaa iieiia eniieueciaaiea e
?anoe?aiiia aini?iecaiaenoai ?ano?nia i?aniuo aiae; ?ac?aaioea iiauo
oaoiieiae/aneeo i?ioeannia, iicaieythueo i?aaeioa?aoeoue caa?yciaiea
aiaeiaiia e naanoe e ieieioio iio?aaeaiea naaaeae aiaeu.
Enoi/ieee caa?yciaiey aioo?aiieo aiaeiaiia
Iiae caa?yciaieai aiaeiuo ?ano?nia iiieiatho ethaua eciaiaiey
oece/aneeo, oeie/aneeo e aeieiae/aneeo naienoa aiaeu a aiaeiaiao a nayce
ni na?anuaaieai a ieo aeeaeeeo, oaa?aeuo e aaciia?aciuo aauanoa, eioi?ua
i?e/eiytho eee iiaoo nicaeaoue iaoaeianoaa, aeaeay aiaeo aeaiiuo
aiaeiaiia iianiie aeey eniieueciaaiey, iaiiny oua?a ia?iaeiiio
oicyenoao, caei?iaueth e aaciianiinoe ianaeaiey. Caa?yciaiea
iiaa?oiinoiuo e iiaecaiiuo aiae iiaeii ?ani?aaeaeeoue ia oaeea oeiu:
• iaoaie/aneia – iiauoaiea niaea?aeaiey iaoaie/aneeo i?eianae,
naienoaaiiia a iniiaiii iiaa?oiinoiui aeaeai caa?yciaiee;
• oeie/aneia – iaee/ea a aiaea i?aaie/aneeo e iai?aaie/aneeo aauanoa
oiene/aneiai e iaoiene/aneiai aeaenoaey;
• aaeoa?eaeueiia e aeieiae/aneia – iaee/ea a aiaea ?aciiia?aciuo
iaoiaaiiuo iee?ii?aaieciia, a?eaia e iaeeeo aiaei?ineae;
• ?aaeeiaeoeaiia – i?enoonoaea ?aaeeiaeoeaiuo aauanoa a iiaa?oiinoiuo
eee iiaecaiiuo aiaeao;
• oaieiaia – auione a aiaeiaiu iiaeia?aouo aiae oaieiauo e aoiiiuo YN.
Iniiaiuie enoi/ieeaie caa?yciaiey e cani?aiey aiaeiaiia yaeyaony
iaaeinoaoi/ii i/euaiiua noi/iua aiaeu i?iiuoeaiiuo e eiiioiaeueiuo
i?aaei?eyoee, e?oiiuo aeeaioiiaiae/aneeo eiiieaenia, iooiaeu
i?iecaiaenoaa i?e ?ac?aaioea ?oaeiuo eneiiaaiuo; aiaeu oaoo, ?oaeieeia,
ia?aaioea e nieaaa eaniiaoa?eaeia; na?inu aiaeiiai e aeaeaciiaei?iaeiiai
o?ainii?oa; iooiaeu ia?ae/iie ia?aaioee eueia, ianoeoeeaeu e o.ae.
Caa?yciythuea aauanoaa, iiiaaeay a i?e?iaeiua aiaeiaiu, i?eaiaeyo e
ea/anoaaiiui eciaiaieyi aiaeu, eioi?ua a iniiaiii i?iyaeythony a
eciaiaiee oece/aneeo naienoa aiaeu, a /anoiinoe, iiyaeaiea iai?eyoiuo
caiaoia, i?eaeonia e o.ae.; a eciaiaiee oeie/aneiai ninoaaa aiaeu, a
/anoiinoe, iiyaeaiea a iae a?aaeiuo aauanoa, a iaee/ee ieaaathueo
aauanoa ia iiaa?oiinoe aiaeu e ioeeaaeuaaiee eo ia aeia aiaeiaiia.
I?iecaiaenoaaiiua noi/iua aiaeu caa?yciaiu a iniiaiii iooiaeaie e
aua?inaie i?iecaiaenoaa. Eiee/anoaaiiue e ea/anoaaiiue ninoaa eo
?aciiia?acai e caaeneo io io?anee i?iiuoeaiiinoe, aa oaoiieiae/aneeo
i?ioeannia; eo aeaeyo ia aeaa iniiaiua a?oiiu: niaea?aeauea
iai?aaie/aneea i?eiane, a o./. e oiene/aneea, e niaea?aeauea yaeu. E
ia?aie a?oiia ioiinyony noi/iua aiaeu niaeiauo, noeueoaoiuo,
acioii-ooeiauo caaiaeia, iaiaaoeoaeueiuo oaa?ee naeioeiauo, oeeieiauo,
ieeaeaauo ?oae e o.ae., a eioi?uo niaea?aeaony eeneiou, uaei/e, eiiu
oyaeaeuo iaoaeeia e ae?. Noi/iua aiaeu yoie a?oiiu a iniiaiii eciaiytho
oece/aneea naienoaa aiaeu. Noi/iua aiaeu aoi?ie a?oiiu na?anuaatho
iaooaia?a?aaaouaathuea, iaooaoeie/aneea caaiaeu, i?aaei?eyoey
i?aaie/aneiai neioaca, eienioeie/aneea e ae?. A noieao niaea?aeaony
?aciua iaooai?iaeoeou, aiieae, aeueaeaaeaeu, niieu, oaiieu e ae?oaea
a?aaeiua aauanoaa. A?aaeiiiniia aeaenoaea noi/iuo aiae yoie a?oiiu
caeeth/aaony aeaaiui ia?acii a ieeneeoaeueiuo i?ioeannao, aneaaenoaea
eioi?uo oiaiueoaaony niaea?aeaiea a aiaea eenei?iaea, oaaee/eaaaony
aeioeie/aneay iio?aaiinoue a iai, oooaeoathony i?aaiieaioe/aneea
iieacaoaee aiaeu. Iaooue e iaooai?iaeoeou ia nia?aiaiiii yoaia yaeythony
iniiaiuie caa?ycieoaeyie aioo?aiieo aiaeiaiia, aiae e ii?ae, Ie?iaiai
ieaaia. Iiiaaeay a aiaeiaiu, iie nicaeatho ?aciua oi?iu caa?yciaiey:
ieaaathuoth ia aiaea iaooyioth ieaieo, ?anoai?aiiua eee yioeueae?iaaiiua
a aiaea iaooai?iaeoeou, inaaoea ia aeii oyaeaeua o?aeoeee e o.ae. I?e
yoii eciaiyaony caiao, aeon, ie?anea, iiaa?oiinoiia iaoyaeaiea,
ayceinoue aiaeu, oiaiueoaaony eiee/anoai eenei?iaea, iiyaeythony
a?aaeiua i?aaie/aneea aauanoaa, aiaea i?eia?aoaao oiene/aneea naienoaa e
i?aaenoaaeyao oa?ico ia oieueei aeey /aeiaaea. 12 a iaooe aeaeatho
iai?eaiaeiie aeey oiio?aaeaiey oiiio aiaeu. Aeiaieueii a?aaeiui
caa?ycieoaeai i?iiuoeaiiuo aiae yaeyaony oaiie. Ii niaea?aeeony a
noi/iuo aiaeao iiiaeo iaooaoeie/aneeo i?aaei?eyoee. I?e yoii ?acei
nieaeathony aeieiae/aneea i?ioeannu aiaeiaiia, i?ioeann eo naiii/euaiey,
aiaea i?eia?aoaao niaoeeoe/aneee caiao ea?aieee. Ia aeeciue ianaeaiey
aiaeiaiia iaaoaii aeeytho noi/iua aiaeu oeaeetheicii-aoiaaeiie
i?iiuoeaiiinoe. Ieeneaiea ae?aaaniie iannu nii?iaiaeaeaaony iiaeiuaieai
cia/eoaeueiiai eiee/anoaa eenei?iaea, /oi i?eaiaeeo e aeaaee ee?u,
iaeueeia e ac?ineuo ?ua. Aieieia e ae?oaea ia?anoai?eiua aauanoaa
cani?ytho aiaeo e oooaeoatho aa oeceei-oeie/aneea naienoaa. Ia ?uaao e
ia eo ei?ia – aaniicaiii/iuo – iaaeaaii?eyoii io?aaeathony iieaaua
nieaau. Ec aiethuae ae?aaaneiu e ei?u auaeaeythony a aiaeo ?acee/iua
aeoaeeueiua aauanoaa. Niiea e ae?oaea yeno?aeoeaiua i?iaeoeou
?aceaaathony e iiaeiuatho iiiai eenei?iaea, aucuaay aeaaeue ?uau,
iniaaiii iieiaee e ee?u. E?iia oiai, iieaaua nieaau neeueii cani?ytho
?aee, a oiieye ia?aaeei iieiinoueth caaeaaao eo aeii, eeoay ?ua
ia?anoeeeu e ei?iiauo iano. Aoiiiua yeaeo?inoaioeee ?aaeeiaeoeaiuie
iooiaeaie caa?yciytho ?aee. ?aaeeiaeoeaiua aauanoaa eiioeaio?e?othony
iaeue/aeoeie ieaieoiiiuie iee?ii?aaieciaie e ?uaie, caoai ii oeaie
ieoaiey ia?aaeathony ae?oaei aeeaioiui. Onoaiiaeaii, /oi
?aaeeiaeoeaiinoue ieaieoiiiuo iaeoaoaeae a ouny/e ?ac auoa, /ai aiaeu, a
eioi?ie iie aeeaoo. Noi/iua aiaeu, eiathuea iiauoaiioth
?aaeeiaeoeaiinoue (100 eth?e ia 1e e aieaa), iiaeeaaeao caoi?iiaieth a
iiaecaiiua aannoi/iua aannaeiu e niaoeeaeueiua ?aca?aoa?u. ?ino
ianaeaiey, ?anoe?aiea noa?uo e aicieeiiaaiea iiauo ai?iaeia cia/eoaeueii
oaaee/eee iinooieaiea auoiauo noieia ai aioo?aiiea aiaeiaiu. Yoe noiee
noaee enoi/ieeii caa?yciaiey ?ae e ica? aieaciaoai?iuie aaeoa?eyie e
aaeueieioaie. A aua aieueoae noaiaie caa?yciytho aiaeiaiu iithuea
neioaoe/aneea n?aaenoaa, oe?iei eniieuecoaiua a auoo. Iie iaoiaeyo
oe?ieia i?eiaiaiea oaeaea a i?iiuoeaiiinoe e naeueneii oicyenoaa.
Niaea?aeaueany a ieo oeie/aneea aauanoaa, iinooiay ni noi/iuie aiaeaie a
?aee e ica?a, ieacuaatho cia/eoaeueiia aeeyiea ia aeieiae/aneee e
oece/aneee ?aaeei aiaeiaiia. A ?acoeueoaoa nieaeaaony niiniaiinoue aiae
e ianuuaieth eenei?iaeii, ia?aeecoaony aeayoaeueiinoue aaeoa?ee,
ieia?aeecothueo i?aaie/aneea aauanoaa. Aucuaaao na?ueaciia aaniieienoai
caa?yciaiea aiaeiaiia ianoeoeeaeaie e ieia?aeueiuie oaeia?aieyie,
eioi?ua iiiaaeatho n iieae aianoa ni no?oyie aeiaeaeaaie e oaeie aiaeu.
A ?acoeueoaoa enneaaeiaaiee, iai?eia?, aeieacaii, /oi einaeoeoeeaeu,
niaea?aeaueany a aiaea a aeaea noniaicee ?anoai?ythony a
iaooai?iaeoeoao, eioi?uie caa?yciaiu ?aee e ica?a. Yoi acaeiiaeaenoaea
i?eaiaeeo e cia/eoaeueiiio ineaaeaieth ieeneeoaeueiuo ooieoeee aiaeiuo
?anoaiee. Iiiaaeay a aiaeiaiu, ianoeoeeaeu iaeaieeaathony a ieaieoiia,
aaioina, ?uaa, a ii oeaii/ea ieoaiey iiiaaeatho a i?aaieci /aeiaaea,
aeaenoaoy io?eoeaoaeueii eae ia ioaeaeueiua i?aaiu, oae e ia i?aaieci a
oeaeii. A nayce n eioaineoeeaoeeae aeeaioiiaiaenoaa ana aieaa aeatho i
naaa ciaoue noiee i?aaei?eyoee aeaiiie io?anee naeueneiai oicyenoaa.
Noi/iua aiaeu, niaea?aeauea ?anoeoaeueiua aieieia, aeeaioiua e
?anoeoaeueiua aee?u, oaeaeueioth ianno, inoaoee ieiaeia e iaiuae,
iooiaeu eiaeaaaiiie e oeaeetheicii-aoiaaeiie i?iiuoeaiiinoe, naoa?iuo e
ieaiaa?aiiuo caaiaeia, i?aaei?eyoee iyniiiei/iie, eiina?aiie e
eiiaeeoa?neie i?iiuoeaiiinoe, yaeythony i?e/eiie i?aaie/aneeo
caa?yciaiee aiaeiaiia. A noi/iuo aiaeao iau/ii ieiei 60% aauanoa
i?aaie/aneiai i?ienoiaeaeaiey, e yoie aea eaoaai?ee i?aaie/aneeo
ioiinyony aeieiae/aneea (aaeoa?ee, ae?onu, a?eau, aiaei?inee)
caa?yciaiey a eiiioiaeueii-auoiauo, iaaeeei-naieoa?iuo aiaeao e iooiaeao
eiaeaaaiiuo e oa?noiiieiuo i?aaei?eyoee. Iaa?aoua noi/iua aiaeu oaieiauo
YN e ae?. i?iecaiaenoa i?e/eiytho “oaieiaia caa?yciaiea”, eioi?ia
oa?iaeaao aeiaieueii na?ueaciuie iineaaenoaeyie: a iaa?aoie aiaea
iaiueoa eenei?iaea, ?acei eciaiyaony oa?ie/aneee ?aaeei, /oi
io?eoeaoaeueii aeeyao ia oei?o e oaoio aiaeiaiia, i?e yoii aicieeatho
aeaaioai?iua oneiaey aeey ianniaiai ?acaeoey a aiaeio?aieeeuao
neia-caeaiuo aiaei?ineae – oae iacuaaaiiai “oeaaoaiey aiaeu”.
Caa?yciythony ?aee e ai a?aiy nieaaa, i?e aeae?iyia?aaoe/aneii
no?ieoaeuenoaa, a n ia/aeii iaaeaaoeeiiiiai ia?eiaea oaaee/eaaaony
caa?yciaiea noaeaie ?a/iiai oeioa.
Iaoiaeu i/enoee noi/iuo aiae
A ?aeao e ae?oaeo aiaeiaiao i?ienoiaeeo anoanoaaiiue i?ioeann
naiii/euaiey aiaeu. Iaeiaei ii i?ioaeaao iaaeeaiii. Iiea
i?iiuoeaiii-auoiaua na?inu auee iaaaeeee, ?aee naie ni?aaeyeenue n ieie.
A iao eiaeono?eaeueiue aae a nayce n ?aceei oaaee/aieai iooiaeia
aiaeiaiu oaea ia ni?aaeythony ni noieue cia/eoaeueiui caa?yciaieai.
Aicieeea iaiaoiaeeiinoue iaaca?aaeeaaoue, i/euaoue noi/iua aiaeu e
ooeeece?iaaoue eo.
I/enoea noi/iuo aiae – ia?aaioea noi/iuo aiae n oeaeueth ?ac?ooaiey eee
oaeaeaiey ec ieo a?aaeiuo aauanoa. Inaiaiaeaeaiea noi/iuo aiae io
caa?yciaiey – neiaeiia i?iecaiaenoai. A iai, eae e a ethaii ae?oaii
i?iecaiaenoaa eiaaony nu?uea (noi/iua aiaeu) e aioiaay i?iaeoeoeey
(i/euaiiay aiaea). Iaoiaeu i/enoee noi/iuo aiae iiaeii ?acaeaeeoue ia
iaoaie/aneea, oeie/aneea, oeceei-oeie/aneea e aeieiae/aneea, eiaaea aea
iie i?eiaiythony aianoa, oi iaoiae i/enoee e iaaca?aaeeaaiey noi/iuo
aiae iacuaaaony eiiaeie?iaaiiui. I?eiaiaiea oiai eee eiiai iaoiaea a
eaaeaeii eiie?aoiii neo/aa ii?aaeaeyaony oa?aeoa?ii caa?yciaiey e
noaiaiueth a?aaeiinoe i?eianae. Nouiinoue iaoaie/aneiai iaoiaea ninoieo
a oii, /oi ec noi/iuo aiae iooai ionoaeaaiey e oeeueo?aoeee oaeaeythony
iaoaie/aneea i?eiane. A?oaiaeenia?niua /anoeoeu a caaeneiinoe io
?acia?ia oeaaeeaathony ?aoaoeaie, neoaie, ianeieiaeaie, naioeeaie,
iaaicioeiaeoaeyie ?acee/iuo eiino?oeoeee, a iiaa?oiinoiua caa?yciaiey –
iaooaeiaooeaie, aaiciianeioeiaeoaeyie, ionoieieeaie e ae?. Iaoaie/aneay
i/enoea iicaieyao auaeaeyoue ec auoiauo noi/iuo aiae aei 60-75%
ia?anoai?eiuo i?eianae, a ec i?iiuoeaiiuo aei 95%, iiiaea ec eioi?uo eae
oeaiiua i?eiane, eniieuecothony a i?iecaiaenoaa.
Oeie/aneee iaoiae caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi a noi/iua aiaeu aeiaaaeytho
?acee/iua oeie/aneea ?aaaaiou, eioi?ua anooiatho a ?aaeoeeth n
caa?ycieoaeyie e inaaeaeatho eo a aeaea ia?anoai?eiuo inaaeeia.
Oeie/aneie i/enoeie aeinoeaaaony oiaiueoaiea ia?anoai?eiuo i?eianae aei
95% e ?anoai?eiuo aei 25%. I?e oeceei-oeie/aneii iaoiaea ia?aaioee ec
noi/iuo aiae oaeaeythony oiiei aeenia?niua e ?anoai?aiiua iai?aaie/aneea
i?eiane e ?ac?ooathony i?aaie/aneea e ieioi ieeneyaiua aauanoaa, /aua
anaai ec oeceei-oeie/aneeo iaoiaeia i?eiaiyaony eiaaoeyoeey, ieeneaiea,
ni?aoeey, yeno?aeoeey e o.ae. Oe?ieia i?eiaiaiea iaoiaeeo oaeaea
yeaeo?ieec. Ii caeeth/aaony a ?ac?ooaiee i?aaie/aneeo aauanoa a noi/iuo
aiaeao e ecaea/aiee iaoaeeia, eeneio e ae?oaeo iai?aaie/aneeo aauanoa.
Yeaeo?ieeoe/aneay i/enoea inouanoaeyaony a iniauo nii?oaeaieyo –
yeaeo?ieeca?ao. I/enoea noi/iuo aiae n iiiiuueth yeaeo?ieeca yooaeoeaia
ia naeioeiauo e iaaeiuo i?aaei?eyoeyo, a eaeie?ani/iie e iaeioi?uo
ae?oaeo iaeanoyo i?iiuoeaiiinoe.
Caa?yciaiiua noi/iua aiaeu i/euatho oaeaea n iiiiuueth oeueo?acaoea,
iciia, eiiiiaiaiiuo niie e aunieiai aeaaeaiey, oi?ioi ca?aeiiaiaeiaaea
naay i/enoea iooai oei?e?iaaiey. N?aaee iaoiaeia i/enoee noi/iuo aiae
aieueooth ?ieue aeieaeai nua?aoue aeieiae/aneee iaoiae, iniiaaiiue ia
eniieueciaaiee caeiiiia?iinoae aeioeie/aneiai e oeceieiae/aneiai
naiii/euaiey ?ae e ae?oaeo aiaeiaiia. Anoue ianeieueei oeiia
aeieiae/aneeo ono?ienoa ii i/enoea noi/iuo aiae: aeioeeueo?u,
aeieiae/aneea i?oaeu e ay?ioaiiee. A aeioeeueo?ao noi/iua aiaeu
i?iioneathony /a?ac neie e?oiiica?ienoiai iaoa?eaea, iie?uoiai oiieie
aaeoa?eaeueiie ieaieie. Aeaaiaea?y yoie ieaiea eioaineaii i?ioaeatho
i?ioeannu aeieiae/aneiai ieeneaiey. Eiaiii iia neoaeeo aeaenoaothuei
ia/aeii a aeioeeueo?ao. A aeieiae/aneeo i?oaeao a i/enoea noi/iuo aiae
i?eieiatho o/anoea ana i?aaieciu, ianaeythuea aiaeiai. Ay?ioaiee –
ia?iiiua ?aca?aoa?u ec aeaeaciaaoiia. Caeanue i/euathuaa ia/aei –
aeoeaiue ee ec aaeoa?ee e iee?ineiie/aneeo aeeaioiuo. Ana yoe aeeaua
nouanoaa ao?ii ?acaeaathony a ay?ioaieao, /aio niinianoaotho
i?aaie/aneea aauanoaa noi/iuo aiae e ecauoie eenei?iaea, iinooiathuaai a
nii?oaeaiea iioieii iiaeaaaaiiai aicaeooa. Aaeoa?ee neeaeaathony a
oeiiuey e auaeaeytho oa?iaiou, ieia?aeecothuea i?aaie/aneea caa?yciaiey.
Ee n oeiiueyie auno?i inaaeaao, ioaeaeyynue io i/euaiiie aiaeu.
Eiooci?ee, aeaooeeiaua, aiaau, eieia?aoee e ae?oaea iaeue/aeoea
aeeaioiua, iiaee?ay aaeoa?ee, ianeeiathueany a oeiiuey, iiieaaeeaatho
aaeoa?eaeueioth ianno eea. Noi/iua aiaeu ia?aae aeieiae/aneie i/enoeie
iiaeaa?aatho iaoaie/aneie, a iinea iaa aeey oaeaeaiey aieaciaoai?iuo
aaeoa?ee e oeie/aneie i/enoea, oei?e?iaaieth aeeaeeei oei?ii eee oei?iie
ecaanoueth. Aeey aeaceioaeoeee eniieuecotho oaeaea ae?oaea
oeceei-oeie/aneea i?eaiu (oeueo?acaoe, yeaeo?ieec, iciie?iaaiea e ae?.)
Aeieiae/aneee iaoiae aeaao aieueoea ?acoeueoaou i?e i/enoea
eiiioiaeueii-auoiauo noieia. Ii i?eiaiyaony oaeaea e i?e i/enoea
iooiaeia i?aaei?eyoee iaooaia?a?aaaouaathuae, oeaeetheicii-aoiaaeiie
i?iiuoeaiiinoe, i?iecaiaenoaa eneonnoaaiiiai aieieia.
Auai? oaoiieiae/aneie noaiu i/enoee noi/iuo aiae
Auai? iioeiaeueiuo oaoiieiae/aneeo noai i/enoee aiaeu – aeinoaoi/ii
neiaeiay caaea/a, /oi iaoneiaeaii i?aeiouanoaaiiui iiiaiia?aceai
iaoiaeyueony a aiaea i?eianae e aunieei o?aaiaaieyie, i?aaeuyaeaiiuie e
ea/anoao i/enoee aiaeu. I?e auai?a niiniaa i/enoee i?eianae o/eouaatho
ia oieueei eo ninoaa a noi/iuo aiaeao, ii e o?aaiaaiey, eioi?ui aeieaeiu
oaeiaeaoai?youe i/euaiiua aiaeu: i?e na?ina a aiaeiai – IAeN (
i?aaeaeueii aeiionoeiua na?inu) e IAeE (i?aaeaeueii aeiionoeiua
eiioeaio?aoeee aauanoa), a i?e eniieueciaaiee i/euaiiuo noi/iuo aiae a
i?iecaiaenoaa – oa o?aaiaaiey, eioi?ua iaiaoiaeeiu aeey inouanoaeaiey
eiie?aoiuo oaoiieiae/aneeo i?ioeannia.
Aeey i?eaioiaeaiey ec noi/iuo aiae oaoie/aneie aiaeu eee iaania/aiey
oneiaee na?ina i/euaiiuo noi/iuo aiae aiaeiaiia aieueoia cia/aiea eiaao
oaoieei-yeiiiie/aneay ioeaiea niiniaia iiaeaioiaee aiaeu. Yeiiiie/aneia
i?aeiouanoai eiatho, eae i?aaeei, caieiooua nenoaiu aiaeieniieueciaaiey.
Iaeiaei i?ioeann caiaiu nia?aiaiiuo i?iecaiaenoa aaciooiaeiuie, a oii
/enea e n iieiinoueth caieiooie nenoaiie aiaeieniieueciaaiey,
aeinoaoi/ii aeeeoaeueiue. Iiyoiio /anoue i/euaiiuo noi/iuo aiae
na?anuaatho a aiaeiaiu. A yoeo neo/ayo iaiaoiaeeii niaethaeaoue
onoaiiaeaiiua ii?iaoeau aeey ioiineoaeueiie eiioeaio?aoeee a?aaeiuo
aauanoa a i/euaiiuo noi/iuo aiaeao. I?eiaiyaiua noaiu i/enoee aeieaeiu
iaania/eaaoue iaeneiaeueiia eniieueciaaiea i/euaiiuo aiae a iniiaiuo
oaoiieiae/aneeo i?ioeannao e ieieiaeueiue eo na?in a ioe?uoua aiaeiaiu.
I?e oe?ieii aiaae?aiee iai?ioiuo nenoai eiathony aeiiieieoaeueiua
?aca?au ii nie?auaieth ?anoiaea naaaeae aiaeu e oiaiueoaieth na?ina a
ioe?uoua aiaeiaiu. I?e oe?ieii aiaae?aiee iai?ioiuo nenoai eiathony
aeiiieieoaeueiua ?aca?au ii nie?auaieth ?anoiaea naaaeae aiaeu e
oiaiueoaieth na?ina noi/iuo aiae a aiaeiaiu (niaa?oainoaiaaiea
oaoiieiae/aneeo i?ioeannia, iiauoaiea yooaeoeaiinoe i/enoee noi/iuo
aiae). Noi/iua aiaeu yaeythony /enouie, anee eo ioaaaeaiea a aiaeiua
iauaeou ia i?eaiaeeo e ia?ooaieth ii?i ea/anoaa aiaeu a eiio?iee?oaiii
noai?a eee ioieoa aiaeieniieueciaaiey. Noaiaiue i/enoee noi/iuo aiae i?e
na?ina eo a aiaeiaiu ii?aaeaeyaony ii?iaoeaaie ea/anoaa aiaeu aiaeiaia a
?an/aoiii noai?a e a aieueoie noaiaie caaeneo io oiiiauo caa?yciaiee.
Aeey nieaeaiey eiioeaio?aoeee a?aaeiuo i?eianae, i?enoonoaothueo a
noi/iuo aiaeao, aei o?aaoaiuo aaee/ei iaiaoiaeeia aeinoaoi/ii aeoaieay
i/enoea. Iiyoiio aaaeiia cia/aiea eiaao iaaeaaeiue eiio?ieue noaiaie
i/enoee noi/iuo aiae, oae eae n oaeanoi/aieai o?aaiaaiee e ea/anoao
i/euaiiuo aiae cia/aiea IAeE aieueoeinoaa a?aaeiuo aauanoa nieaeaaony e,
neaaeiaaoaeueii, aic?anoatho o?oaeiinoe eo ii?aaeaeaiey. E?iia oiai,
eiio?ieue oneiaeiyaony i?e ii?aaeaeaiee eiioeaio?aoeee a?aaeiuo aauanoa
a neeueii ?acaaaeaiiuo noi/iuo aiaeao.
2. Ia?u iiaea?iie i?ioeeaeoeee. O?aaiaaiey iiaea?iie aaciianiinoe i?e
o?aiaiee e o?ainii?oe?iaea EAAE e AA
Iiaea?u iaiinyo a?iiaaeiue iaoa?eaeueiue oua?a e a ?yaea neo/aaa
nii?iaiaeaeathony aeaaeueth ethaeae. Iiyoiio caueoa io iiaea?ia yaeyaony
aaaeiaeoae iaycaiiinoueth eaaeaeiai /eaia iauanoaa e i?iaiaeeony a
iauaainoaea?noaaiiii ianooaaa. I?ioeaiiiaea?iay caueoa eiaao naiae
oeaeueth ecuneaiea iaeaieaa yooaeoeaiuo, yeiiiie/anee oeaeaniia?aciuo e
oaoie/anee iainiiaaiiuo niiniaia e n?aaenoa i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiey iiaea?ia e
eo eeeaeaeaoeee n ieieiaeueiui oua?aii i?e iaeaieaa ?aoeeiiaeueiii
eniieueciaaiee nee e oaoie/aneeo n?aaenoa oooaiey. Iiaea?iay
aaciianiinoue – yoi ninoiyiea iauaeoa, i?e eioi?ii eneeth/aaony
aiciiaeiinoue iiaea?a, a a neo/aa aai aicieeiiaaiey eniieuecothony
iaiaoiaeeiua ia?u ii ono?aiaieth iaaaoeaiiai aeeyiey iianiuo oaeoi?ia
iiaea?a ia ethaeae, nii?oaeaiey e iaoa?eaeueiuo oeaiiinoae. Iiaea?iay
aaciianiinoue iiaeao auoue iaania/aia ia?aie iiaea?iie i?ioeeaeoeee e
aeoeaiie iiaea?iie caueou. Iiaea?iay i?ioeeaeoeea aeeth/aao eiiieaen
ia?ii?eyoee, iai?aaeaiiuo ia i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiea iiaea?a eee oiaiueoaiea
aai iineaaenoaee. Aeoeaiay iiaea?iay caueoa ? ia?u, iaania/eaathuea
oniaoioth ai?ueao n iiaea?aie eee ac?uaiiianiie neooaoeeae.
Iiaea? eae oaeoi? oaoiiaaiiie eaoano?iou
Iiaea? – yoi ai?aiea aia niaoeeaeueiiai i/aaa, eioi?ia ia eiio?iee?oaony
e iiaeao i?eaanoe e ianniaiio ii?aaeaieth e aeaaee ethaeae, a oaeaea e
iaianaieth yeieiae/aneiai, iaoa?eaeueiiai e ae?oaiai a?aaea. Ai?aiea ?
yoi oeie/aneay ?aaeoeey ieeneaiey, nii?iaiaeaeathuayny auaeaeaieai
oaieiou e naaoa. Aeey aicieeiiaaiey ai?aiey o?aaoaony iaee/ea o?ao
oaeoi?ia: ai?th/aai aauanoaa, ieeneeoaey e enoi/ieea caai?aiey.
Ieeneeoaeyie iiaoo auoue eenei?iae, oei?, ooi?, a?ii, eiae, ieene acioa
e ae?oaea. E?iia oiai, iaiaoiaeeii /oiau ai?th/aa aauanoai auei iaa?aoi
aei ii?aaeaeaiiie oaiia?aoo?u e iaoiaeeeinue a ii?aaeaeaiiii
eiee/anoaaiiii niioiioaiee n ieeneeoaeai, a enoi/iee caai?aiey eiae
ii?aaeaeaiioth yia?aeth. Iaeaieueoay nei?inoue ai?aiey iaaethaeaaony a
/enoii eenei?iaea. I?e oiaiueoaiee niaea?aeaiey eenei?iaea a aicaeooa
ai?aiea i?ae?auaaony. Ai?aiea i?e aeinoaoi/iie e /?acia?iie
eiioeaio?aoeee ieeneeoaey iacuaaaony iieiui, a i?e aai iaoaaoea –
iaiieiui. Auaeaeytho o?e iniiaiuo aeaea naiionei?aiey oeie/aneie
?aaeoeee i?e ai?aiee: oaieiaie, oeaiiie e oeaii/ii-oaieiaie. Oaieiaie
iaoaieci naycai n yecioa?ie/iinoueth i?ioeanna ieeneaiey e aic?anoaieai
nei?inoe oeie/aneie ?aaeoeee n iiauoaieai oaiia?aoo?u. Oeaiiia onei?aiea
?aaeoeee naycaii n eaoaeecii i?aa?auaiee, eioi?ia inouanoaeytho
i?iiaaeooi/iua i?iaeoeou i?aa?auaiee. ?aaeueiua i?ioeannu ai?aiey
inouanoaeythony, eae i?aaeei, ii eiiaeie?iaaiiiio (oeaii/ii-oaieiaie)
iaoaiecio.
I?ioeann aicieeiiaaiey ai?aiey iiae?acaeaeyaony ia ianeieueei aeaeia:
Aniuoea ? auno?ia nai?aiea ai?th/ae niane, ia nii?iaiaeaeathuaany
ia?aciaaieai naeaouo aacia.
Aicai?aiea ? aicieeiiaaiea ai?aiey iiae aicaeaenoaeai enoi/ieea
caaeeaaiey.
Ainieaiaiaiea ? aicai?aiea, nii?iaiaeaeathuaany iiyaeaieai ieaiaie.
Naiiaicai?aiea ? yaeaiea ?aceiai oaaee/aiey nei?inoe yecioa?ie/aneeo
?aaeoeee, i?eaiaeyuaa e aicieeiiaaieth ai?aiey aauanoaa i?e ionoonoaee
enoi/ieea caaeeaaiey. ?acee/atho ianeieueei aeaeia naiiaicai?aiey:
• Oeie/aneia – io aicaeaenoaey ia ai?th/ea aauanoaa eenei?iaea,
aicaeooa, aiaeu eee acaeiiaeaenoaey aauanoa;
• Iee?iaeieiae/aneia – i?ienoiaeeo i?e ii?aaeaeaiiie aeaaeiinoe e
oaiia?aoo?u a ?anoeoaeueiuo i?iaeoeoao (naiiaicai?aiea ca?ia);
• Oaieiaia – aneaaenoaea aeieaia?aiaiiiai aicaeaenoaey iacia/eoaeueiuo
enoi/ieeia oaiea (iai?eia?, i?e oaiia?aoo?a 100 N oe?na, AeAI e ae?oaea
neeiiu e naiiaicai?aieth).
Naiiainieaiaiaiea naiiaicai?aiea, nii?iaiaeaeaaony iiyaeaieai ieaiaie.
Ac?ua /?acau/aeii auno?ia (ac?ua/aoia) i?aa?auaiea, nii?iaiaeaeathuaany
auaeaeaieai yia?aee n ia?aciaaieai naeaouo aacia.
Iniiaiuie iieacaoaeyie iiaea?iie iianiinoe yaeythony oaiia?aoo?a
naiiainieaiaiaiey e eiioeaio?aoeeiiiua i?aaeaeu ainieaiaiaiey.
Oaiia?aoo?a naiiainieaiaiaiey oa?aeoa?ecoao ieieiaeueioth oaiia?aoo?o
aauanoaa, i?e eioi?ie i?ienoiaeeo ?aceia oaaee/aiea nei?inoe
yecioa?ie/aneeo ?aaeoeee, caeai/eaathuaany aicieeiiaaieai ieaiaiiiai
ai?aiey. Oaiia?aoo?a aniuoee? naiay ieceay (a oneiaeyo niaoeeaeueiuo
eniuoaiee) oaiia?aoo?a ai?th/aai aauanoaa, i?e eioi?ie iaae
iiaa?oiinoueth ia?acothony ia?u e aacu, niiniaiua aniuoeaaoue a aicaeooa
io enoi/ieea caaeeaaiey, ii nei?inoue eo ia?aciaaiey aua iaaeinoaoi/ia
aeey iineaaeothuaai ai?aiey.
Ii yoie oa?aeoa?enoeea ai?th/ea aeeaeeinoe aeaeyony ia 2 eeanna: 1)
aeeaeeinoe n tani =610 C (aaicei, yoeeiaue nie?o, aoeaoii, ieo?iyiaee e
o.ae.) ? eaaeiainieaiaiythueany aeeaeeinoe (EAAE); 2) aeeaeeinoe n tani
? 610 C (ianei, iacoo, oi?iaeei e ae?.) ?ai?th/ea aeeaeeinoe (AAE).
Oaiia?aoo?a ainieaiaiaiey oaiia?aoo?a ai?aiey aauanoaa, i?e eioi?ie iii
auaeaeyao ai?th/ea ia?u e aacu n oaeie nei?inoueth, /oi iinea
ainieaiaiaiey eo io enoi/ieea caaeeaaiea aicieeaao onoie/eaia ai?aiea.
Oaiia?aoo?iua i?aaeaeu ainieaiaiaiey ?oaiia?aoo?u, i?e eioi?uo
ianuuaiiua ia?u aauanoaa ia?acotho a aeaiiie ieeneeoaeueiie n?aaea
eiioeaio?aoeee, ?aaiua niioaaonoaaiii ieaeiaio e aa?oiaio
eiioeaio?aoeeiiiui i?aaeaeai ainieaiaiaiey aeeaeeinoae.
Ai?th/eie iacuaathony aauanoaa, niiniaiua naiinoiyoaeueii ai?aoue iinea
ecuyoey enoi/ieea caai?aiey.
Ii noaiaie ai?th/anoe aauanoaa aeaeyony ia: ai?th/ea (nai?aaiua),
o?oaeiiai?th/ea (o?oaeiinai?aaiua) e iaai?th/ea (ianai?aaiua).
E ai?th/ei ioiinyony oaeea aauanoaa, eioi?ua i?e ainieaiaiaiee
iinoi?iiiei enoi/ieeii i?iaeieaeatho ai?aoue e iinea aai oaeaeaiey.
E o?oaeiiai?th/ei ioiinyony oaeea aauanoaa, eioi?ua ia niiniaiu
?ani?ino?aiyoue ieaiy e ai?yo eeoue a ianoa aicaeaenoaey enoi/ieea
caaeeaaiey.
Iaai?th/eie yaeythony aauanoaa, ia ainieaiaiythueany aeaaea i?e
aicaeaenoaee aeinoaoi/ii iiuiuo enoi/ieeia caaeeaaiey (eiioeuenia).
Ai?th/ea aauanoaa iiaoo auoue a o?ao aa?aaaoiuo ninoiyieyo: aeeaeeii,
oaa?aeii e aaciia?aciii. Aieueoeinoai ai?th/eo aauanoa iacaaeneii io
aa?aaaoiiai ninoiyiey i?e iaa?aaaiee ia?acoao aaciia?aciua i?iaeoeou,
eioi?ua i?e niaoaiee n aicaeooii, niaea?aeauei ii?aaeaeaiiia eiee/anoai
eenei?iaea, ia?acotho ai?th/oth n?aaeo. Ai?th/ay n?aaea iiaeao
ia?aciaaoueny i?e oiieiaeenia?niii ?aniueaiee oaa?aeuo e aeeaeeeo
aauanoa.
Ec ai?th/eo aacia e iuee ia?acothony ai?th/ea niane i?e ethaie
oaiia?aoo?a, a oi a?aiy eae oaa?aeua aauanoaa e aeeaeeinoe iiaoo
ia?aciaaoue ai?th/ea niane oieueei i?e ii?aaeaeaiiuo oaiia?aoo?ao.
A i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo oneiaeyo iiaeao eiaoue ianoi ia?aciaaiea nianae
ai?th/eo aacia eee ia?ia a ethauo eiee/anoaaiiuo niioiioaieyo. Iaeiaei
ac?uaiiianiuie yoe niane iiaoo auoue oieueei oiaaea, eiaaea
eiioeaio?aoeey ai?th/aai aaca eee ia?a iaoiaeeony iaaeaeo a?aieoeaie
ainieaiaiyaiuo eiioeaio?aoeee.
Ieieiaeueiay eiioeaio?aoeey ai?th/eo aacia e ia?ia a aicaeooa, i?e
eioi?ie iie niiniaiu caai?aoueny e ?ani?ino?aiyoue ieaiy, iacuaathuaany
ieaeiei eiioeaio?aoeeiiiui i?aaeaeii ainieaiaiaiey.
Iaeneiaeueiay eiioeaio?aoeey ai?th/eo aacia e ia?ia, i?e eioi?ie aua
aiciiaeii ?ani?ino?aiaiea ieaiaie, iacuaaaony aa?oiei eiioeaio?aoeeiiiui
i?aaeaeii ainieaiaiaiey. Oeacaiiua i?aaeaeu caaenyo io oaiia?aoo?u aacia
e ia?ia: i?e oaaee/aiee oaiia?aoo?u ia 100 0N aaee/eiu ieaeieo i?aaeaeia
ainieaiaiaiey oiaiueoathony ia 8?10 %, aa?oieo ? oaaee/eaathony ia 12?15
%.
Iiaea?iay iianiinoue aauanoaa oai aieueoa, /ai ieaea ieaeiee e auoa
aa?oiee i?aaeaeu ainieaiaiaiey e /ai ieaea oaiia?aoo?a
naiiainieaiaiaiey. Iuee ai?th/eo e iaeioi?uo ia ai?th/eo aauanoa
(iai?eia?, aethieiee, oeeie) iiaoo a niane n aicaeooii ia?aciaaoue
ai?th/ea eiioeaio?aoeee. Iaeaieueooth iianiinoue ii ac?uao i?aaenoaaeyao
acaaoaiiay a aicaeooa iueue. Iaeiaei e inaaoay ia eiino?oeoeeyo iueue
i?aaenoaaeyao iianiinoue ia oieueei n oi/ee c?aiey aicieeiiaaiey
iiaea?a, ii e aoi?e/iiai ac?uaa, aucuaaaiiai a ?acoeueoaoa acaeo?eaaiey
iuee i?e ia?ae/iii ac?uaa. Ieieiaeueiay eiioeaio?aoeey iuee a aicaeooa,
i?e eioi?ie i?ienoiaeeo aa caai?aiea, iacuaaaony ieaeiei i?aaeaeii
ainieaiaiaiey iuee. Iineieueeo aeinoeaeaiea i/aiue aieueoeo
eiioeaio?aoeee iuee ai acaaoaiiii ninoiyiee i?aeoe/anee ia?aaeueii,
oa?iei “aa?oiee i?aaeae ainieaiaiaiey” e iueyi ia i?eiaiyaony.
Ainieaiaiaiea aeeaeeinoe iiaeao i?iecieoe oieueei a oii neo/aa, anee
iaae aa iiaa?oiinoueth eiaaony nianue ia?ia n aicaeooii a ii?aaeaeaiiii
eiee/anoaaiiii niioiioaiee, niioaaonoaothuei ieaeiaio oaiia?aoo?iiio
i?aaeaeo ainieaiaiaiey.
O?aaiaaiey i?aaee aaciianiinoe i?e yenieoaoaoeee EAAE e AA
Aeey eeoe, caiyouo oaoie/aneie yenieoaoaoeeae aaciaiai oicyenoaa,
aeieaeiu auoue ?ac?aaioaiu aeieaeiinoiua, i?iecaiaenoaaiiua eino?oeoeee
e eino?oeoeee ii aaciianiui iaoiaeai ?aaio. Aeey ?aaioathueo ia
iiaea?iiianiuo o/anoeao – eino?oeoeee ii iiaea?iie aaciianiinoe.
?ac?aaaouaathony iie ia iniiaa oeiiauo eino?oeoeee, ooaa?aeaeaiiuo
ieienoa?noaaie (aaaeiinoaaie) n o/aoii iniaaiiinoe aaciaiai oicyenoaa,
o?aaiaaiee caaiaeia-ecaioiaeoaeae iai?oaeiaaiey e eiie?aoiuo oneiaee
i?iecaiaenoaa. Eino?oeoeee ii iiaea?iie aaciianiinoe aeieaeiu auoue
niaeaniaaiu n ianoiuie i?aaiaie iiaea?iiai iaaeci?a e ioaa/aoue
o?aaiaaieyi i?aaee AOII IAAe NNN?* (* a ianoiyuaa a?aiy I*N ?innee).
I?aaei?eyoea iaycaii o?aieoue i?iaeoioth e eniieieoaeueioth
aeieoiaioaoeeth ia iaoiaeyueany a yenieoaoaoeee aaceoeoee?iaaiiua
iauaeou. Ia eaaeaeoth ?aca?aoa?ioth e a?oiiiaoth aaeeiiioth onoaiiaeo,
(A?O), AIN (AII), AACN aeieaeai ninoaaeyoueny yenieoaoaoeeiiiue ianii?o,
niaea?aeauee iniiaiua oaoie/aneea oa?aeoa?enoeee, a oaeaea aeaiiua i
i?iaaaeaiiuo ?aiiioao. Iaycaiiinoe eeoea, ioaaonoaaiiiai ca aaciianioth
yenieoaoaoeeth aaciaiai oicyenoaa i?aaei?eyoey, onoaiaaeeaathony
aeieaeiinoiie eino?oeoeeae. Ia oa??eoi?ee AIN, AII e AACN aeieaeiu
auaaoeaaoueny i?aaeoi?aaeeoaeueiua iaaeiene i cai?auaiee eo?aiey. *enoue
e eniieueciaaiiue iaoe?i/iue iaoa?eae aeieaeai o?aieoueny ioaeaeueii a
iaoaeee/aneeo yueeao n ieioii cae?uaathueieny e?uoeaie. Inoaaeyoue
iaoe?i/iue iaoa?eae ia iai?oaeiaaiee, eanoieoeao e ieiuaaeeao
cai?auaaony. Oa??eoi?ey aeieaeia auoue i/euaia io iinoi?iiieo
i?aaeiaoia, ai?th/eo iaoa?eaeia e ?acee/iiai ioni?a. I?iacaeu e i?ioiaeu
aeieaeiu auoue naiaiaeiuie. Ia oa??eoi?ee cai?auaaony neeaaee?iaaiea e
o?aiaiea iaoa?eaeia, ia i?aaeiacia/aiiuo aeey i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo
i?ioeannia. Ia oa??eoi?ee ?aca?aoa?iiai ia?ea e ai ac?uaiiianiuo
iiiauaieyo ia aeiioneaaony i?aauaaiea eeoe, ia eiathueo ioiioaiey e
i?iecaiaenoao. Auacae ia oa??eoi?eth e cai?aaea aaoiiiaeeae, a eioi?uo
iaoiaeyony iannaaee?u, cai?auaaony.
Aaeeiiu aeieaeiu o?ainii?oe?iaaoueny n iaaei/aiiuie ia ai?eiaeio
i?aaeio?aieoaeueiuie eeaiaiaie ia niaoeeaeueii iai?oaeiaaiiuo
aaoiiaoeiao ca eneeth/aieai ia?aaicie a iaoeiao oeia “eeaoea”.
O?ainii?oe?iaaiea aaeeiiia ia a?ociauo aaoiiaoeiao n iau/iui eociaii
aeiioneaaony i?e eniieueciaaiee aea?aayiiuo eiaeaiaioia eee a?onueaa n
aiacaeaie, ?aceiiauo eee aa?aai/iuo eieaoe. O aaoiiaoei,
i?aaeiacia/aiiuo aeey ia?aaicee naeeaeaiiuo aacia, auoeiiiay o?oaa io
aeaeaaoaey aeieaeia auoue auaaaeaia e ia?aaeiae /anoe iaoei. O
aaoiiaoei, eniieuecoaiuo aeey ia?aaicee aaeeiiia ia?eiaee/anee eee
a?aiaiii, ia auoeiiiie o?oaa ia ana a?aiy ?aena aeieaeai
onoaiaaeeaaoueny ene?iaaneoaeue. Ia eaaeaeie aaoiiaoeia aeieaeiu auoue
aeaa iaiaoooeoaey aianoeiinoueth ia iaiaa 5 e eaaeaeue e oaaeeoeu
nenoaiu eioi?iaoeee ia iianiinoe. I?e ia?aaicea naeeaeaiiuo aacia ia
aaoiiiaeeyo aeieaeiu auiieiyoueny o?aaiaaiey Eino?oeoeee ii iaania/aieth
aaciianiinoe ia?aaicee iianiuo a?ocia aaoiiiaeeueiui o?ainii?oii.
Cai?auaaony noiyiea aaoiiaoei, a?oaeaiiuo aaeeiiaie, e aaoioeenoa?i NOA
aicea iano n ioe?uoui iaiai e iano, aaea aiciiaeii ianniaia neiieaiea
aieueoiai eiee/anoaa ethaeae (?uiee, iaaaceiu, c?aeeuiua i?aaei?eyoey e
o.ae.). Neea ecauoeia NOA, iaenia?eaoeony inoaoeia e aiaeu ec
?aca?aoa?ia aeieaeai i?iecaiaeeoueny a aaoioeenoa?iu naeeaeaiiuo aacia.
Iinea iaiieiaiey ?aca?aoa?ia eee caiaiu aaeeiiia aeieaeia auoue
i?iaa?aia aa?iaoe/iinoue niaaeeiaiee e iano?ieea ?aaoeyoi?ia aeaaeaiey.
Iaia?oaeaiiua ooa/ee NOA aeieaeiu ono?aiyoueny a aaa?eeiii ii?yaeea.
Onoaiiaee naeeaeaiiuo aacia aeieaeiu auoue iaania/aiu neaaeothueie
ia?ae/iuie n?aaenoaaie iiaea?ioooaiey:
– ieiuaaeea ?aca?aoa?iie e enia?eoaeueiie onoaiiaee – yueeii n ianeii
aianoeiinoueth 0,5 i3 (1 oo.), eiiaoaie (2 oo.), anaanoiaui iieioiii
?acia?ii 2*2 i (1 oo.);
– iiiauaiea a?oiiiaie aaeeiiiie onoaiiaee – iaiaoooeoaeai IO-2 eee II-5
(1 oo.).
Oeaou e iiiauaiey a?oiiiauo aaeeiiiuo onoaiiaie, ia?aaeaeaiey ieiuaaeie
?aca?aoa?iuo e enia?eoaeueiuo onoaiiaie aeieaeiu iaania/eaaoueny
i?aaeoi?aaeeoaeueiuie iaaeienyie – “Iaiaiianii. Aac”.
Yenieoaoaoeey aaeeiiia
Aaeeiiu n aacaie iiaoo o?aieoueny eae a niaoeeaeueiuo iiiauaieyo, ^ e ia
ioe?uoii aicaeooa, a iineaaeiai neo/aa iie aeieaeiu auoue caueuaiu io
aoiinoa?iuo inaaeeia e nieia/iuo eo/ae. Neeaaeneia o?aiaiea a iaeiii
iiiauaiee aaeeiiia n eenei?iaeii e aacaie cai?auaaony. Aaeeiiu n aacii,
onoaiaaeeaaaiua a iiiauaieyo, aeieaeiu iaoiaeeoueny ia ?annoiyiee ia
iaiaa 1 i io ?aaeeaoi?ia ioiieaiey e ae?oaeo ioiieoaeueiuo i?eai?ia e
ia/ae e ia iaiaa 5 i io enoi/ieeia oaiea n ioe?uoui iaiai. Aaeeiiu,
iaiieiyaiua aacii, aeieaeiu auoue i?i/ii oe?aieaiu e ieioii
i?eniaaeeiaiu e iaiieieoaeueiie ?aiia. Neeaaeu aeey o?aiaiey aaeeiiia,
iaiieiaiiuo aacaie, aeieaeiu auoue iaeiiyoaaeiuie n iie?uoeyie eaaeiai
oeia e ia eiaoue /a?aea/iuo iiiauaiee. Noaiu, ia?aai?iaeee, iie?uoey
neeaaeia aeey o?aiaiey aacia aeieaeiu auoue ec ianai?aaiuo iaoa?eaeia ia
ieaea II noaiaie iaianoieeinoe; ieia e aeaa?e aeieaeiu ioe?uaaoueny
ia?oaeo. Ieiiiua e aeaa?iua noaeea aeieaeiu auoue iaoiaua eee cae?aoaiu
aaeie e?aneie. Aunioa neeaaeneeo iiiauaiee aeey aaeeiiia aeieaeia auoue
ia iaiaa 3,25 i io iiea aei ieaeieo aunooiathueo /anoae e?iaaeueiiai
iie?uoey. Iieu neeaaeia aeieaeiu auoue ?iaiua n ianeieueceie
iiaa?oiinoueth, a neeaaeia aeey aaeeiiia n ai?th/eie aacaie – n
iiaa?oiinoueth ec iaoa?eaea, eneeth/athueo ene?iia?aciaaiea i?e oaea?a i
ieo eaeeie-eeai i?aaeiaoaie. Iniauaiea neeaaeia aeey aaeeiiia n
ai?th/eie aacaie aeieaeii ioaa/aoue ii?iai aeey iiiauaiee, iianiuo a
ioiioaiee ac?uaia. A neeaaeao aeieaeiu auoue auaaoaiu eino?oeoeee,
i?aaeea e ieaeaou ii ia?auaieth n aaeeiiaie, iaoiaeyueieny ia neeaaea.
Neeaaeu aeey aaeeiiia, iaiieiaiiuo aacii, aeieaeiu eiaoue anoanoaaiioth
eee eneonnoaaiioth aaioeeyoeeth a niioaaonoaee n o?aaiaaieyie naieoa?iuo
ii?i i?iaeoe?iaaiey. Neeaaeu aeey aaeeiiia n ac?uai- e iiaea?iiianiuie
aacaie aeieaeiu iaoiaeeoueny a ciia iieieacaueou. Neeaaeneia iiiauaiea
aeey o?aiaiey aaeeiiia aeieaeii auoue ?acaeaeaii ianai?aaiuie noaiaie ia
ionaee, a eaaeaeii ec eioi?uo aeiioneaaony o?aiaiea ia aieaa 500
aaeeiiia (40 e) n ai?th/eie eee yaeiaeouie aacaie e ia aieaa 1000
aaeeiiia (40 e) n iaai?th/eie e iayaeiaeouie aacaie. Ionaee aeey
o?aiaiey aaeeiiia n iaai?th/eie e iayaeiaeouie aacaie iiaoo auoue
ioaeaeaiu ianai?aaiuie ia?aai?iaeeaie aunioie ia iaiaa 2,5 i n ioe?uouie
i?iaiaie aeey i?ioiaea ethaeae e i?iaiaie aeey n?aaenoa iaoaiecaoeee.
Eaaeaeue ionae aeieaeai eiaoue naiinoiyoaeueiue auoiae ia?oaeo. ?ac?uau
iaaeaeo neeaaeaie aeey aaeeiiia, iaiieiaiiuo aacaie, iaaeaeo neeaaeaie e
niaaeiuie i?iecaiaenoaaiiuie caeaieyie, iauanoaaiiuie iiiauaieyie,
aeeeuie aeiiaie aeieaeiu oaeiaeaoai?youe o?aaiaaieyi IAe. O?aiaiea
iaiieiaiiuo aaeeiiia aei auaea/e eo iio?aaeoaeyi aeiioneaaony aac
i?aaeio?aieoaeueiuo eieiaeia.
O?aiaiea aacia
Neeaaeu aeey o?aiaiey aaeeiiia n AA aeieaeiu auoue iaeiiyoaaeiuie n
eaaeina?anuaaaiuie iie?uoeyie e ia eiaoue /a?aea/iuo iiiauaiee. Ieia
iiiauaiee, aaea o?aiyony aaeeiiu n aacaie aeieaeiu cae?aoeaaoueny aaeie
e?aneie eee iai?oaeiaaoueny nieioeacaueoiuie iaai?th/eie ono?ienoaaie.
I?e o?aiaiee aaeeiiia ia ioe?uouo ieiuaaeeao nii?oaeaiey, caueuathuea eo
io aicaeaenoaey inaaeeia e nieia/iuo eo/ae aeieaeiu auoue auiieiaiu ec
iaai?th/eo iaoa?eaeia. ?aciauaiea a?oiiiauo aaeeiiiuo onoaiiaie
aeiioneaaony o aeooeo (ia eiathueo i?iaiia) ia?oaeiuo noai caeaiee.
Oeaou e aoaeee, aaea ?aciauathony aaeeiiu, aeieaeiu auoue ec iaai?th/eo
iaoa?eaeia e eiaoue anoanoaaiioth aaioeeyoeeth, eneeth/athuoth
ia?aciaaiea a ieo ac?uaiiianiuo nianae. Aaeeiiu n AA aeieaeiu o?aieoueny
ioaeaeueii io aaeeiiia n eenei?iaeii, naeaoui aicaeooii, oei?ii, ooi?ii
e ae?oaeie ieeneeoaeyie, a oaeaea io aaeeiiia n oiene/iuie aacaie. I?e
o?aiaiee e o?ainii?oe?iaaiee aaeeiiia n eenei?iaeii iaeuecy aeiioneaoue
iiiaaeaiey ianae (aee?ia) e nii?eeiniiaaiey a?iaoo?u aaeeiia n
i?iianeaiiuie iaoa?eaeaie. I?e ia?aeaioiaea aaeeiiia n eenei?iaeii
a?o/ioth ia ?ac?aoaaony a?aoueny ca eeaiaiu. A iiiauaieyo o?aiaiey aacia
aeieaeiu auoue eni?aaiua aaciaiaeecaoi?u aeiac?uaiiianiuo
eiioeaio?aoeee, a i?e eo ionoonoaee ?oeiaiaeeoaeai iauaeoa aeieaeai
auoue onoaiiaeai ii?yaeie ioai?a e eiio?iey i?ia. I?e iaia?oaeaiee
ooa/ee aaca ec aaeeiiia iie aeieaeiu auoue oa?aiu ec neeaaea a
aaciianiia ianoi. Aaeeiiu, ia eiathuea aaoiaeia, aeieaeiu o?aieoueny a
ai?eciioaeueiii iieiaeaiee ia ?aiao eee noaeeaaeao. Aunioa ooaaaey a
yoii neo/aa ia aeieaeia i?aauoaoue 1,5 i, a eeaiaiu aeieaeiu auoue
cae?uou i?aaeio?aieoaeueiuie eieiaeaie e ia?auaiu a iaeio noi?iio.
O?aiaiea eaeeo-eeai ae?oaeo aauanoa, iaoa?eaeia e iai?oaeiaaiey a
neeaaeao aacia ia ?ac?aoaaony. Iiiauaiey neeaaeia n AA aeieaeiu auoue
iaania/aiu anoanoaaiiie aaioeeyoeeae.
3. Ii?yaeie ?anneaaeiaaiey e o/aoa ian/anoiuo neo/aaa ia i?iecaiaenoaa.
Noaoenoe/aneea iieacaoaee i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai o?aaiaoecia
Ii?yaeie ?anneaaeiaaiey ian/anoiuo neo/aaa ia i?iecaiaenoaa onoaiiaeai
noaoueae 229 O?oaeiaiai eiaeaena ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee. Aeey
?anneaaeiaaiey ian/anoiiai neo/ay ?aaioiaeaoaeue iaiaaeeaiii nicaeaao
eiienneth a ninoaaa ia iaiaa o?ao /aeiaae, eioi?ay aicaeaaeyaony
?aaioiaeaoaeai eee oiieiiii/aiiui ei i?aaenoaaeoaeai. Ninoaa eiiennee
ooaa?aeaeaaony i?eeacii (?anii?yaeaieai) ?aaioiaeaoaey, a eiienneth
aeeth/athony:
• niaoeeaeeno ii io?aia o?oaea eee eeoei, iacia/aiiia ioaaonoaaiiui ca
i?aaiecaoeeth ?aaiou ii io?aia o?oaea i?eeacii (?anii?yaeaieai)
?aaioiaeaoaey;
• i?aaenoaaeoaee ?aaioiaeaoaey;
• i?aaenoaaeoaee i?ionithciiai i?aaia eee eiiai oiieiiii/aiiiai
?aaioieeaie i?aaenoaaeoaeueiiai i?aaia, oiieiiii/aiiue ii io?aia o?oaea.
Neaaeoao o/eouaaoue, /oi ?oeiaiaeeoaeue, iaiin?aaenoaaiii ioaa/athuee ca
aaciianiinoue o?oaea ia o/anoea (iauaeoa), aaea i?iecioae ian/anoiue
neo/ae, a ninoaa eiiennee ia aeeth/aaony. Anee ian/anoiue neo/ae
i?iecioae o ?aaioiaeaoaey – oece/aneiai eeoea, a ?anneaaeiaaiee
ian/anoiiai neo/ay i?eieiatho o/anoea:
• oeacaiiue ?aaioiaeaoaeue eee oiieiiii/aiiue aai i?aaenoaaeoaeue;
• aeiaa?aiiia eeoei iino?aaeaaoaai;
• niaoeeaeeno ii io?aia o?oaea, eioi?ue iiaeao i?eaeaeaoueny e
?anneaaeiaaieth ian/anoiiai neo/ay e ia aeiaiai?iie iniiaa.
Anee ian/anoiue neo/ae i?iecioae n eeoeii, iai?aaeaiiui aeey auiieiaiey
?aaio e ae?oaiio ?aaioiaeaoaeth, ii ?anneaaeoaony eiienneae,
ia?aciaaiiie ?aaioiaeaoaeai, o eioi?iai i?iecioae ian/anoiue neo/ae. A
aeaiiii neo/aa a ninoaa eiiennee aoiaeeo oiieiiii/aiiue i?aaenoaaeoaeue
?aaioiaeaoaey, iai?aaeaoaai yoi eeoei. Iai?eauoea eee ianaiaa?aiaiiia
i?eauoea oeacaiiiai i?aaenoaaeoaey ia yaeyaony iniiaaieai aeey eciaiaiey
n?ieia ?anneaaeiaaiey. Anee ian/anoiue neo/ae i?iecioae n ?aaioieeii
i?aaiecaoeee, i?iecaiaeyuae ?aaiou ia auaeaeaiiii o/anoea ae?oaie
i?aaiecaoeee, ii ?anneaaeoaony e o/eouaaaony i?aaiecaoeeae,
i?iecaiaeyuae yoe ?aaiou. A yoii neo/aa eiienney, i?iaiaeeaoay
?anneaaeiaaiea ian/anoiiai neo/ay, eioi?ie?oao ?oeiaiaeeoaey
i?aaiecaoeee, ia oa??eoi?ee eioi?ie i?iecaiaeeeenue yoe ?aaiou, i naieo
auaiaeao. Ian/anoiue neo/ae, i?ienoaaeoee n ?aaioieeii i?e auiieiaiee
?aaiou ii niaianoeoaeuenoao, ?anneaaeoaony e o/eouaaaony ii ianoo, aaea
i?iecaiaeeeanue ?aaioa ii niaianoeoaeuenoao. ?anneaaeiaaiea ian/anoiiai
neo/ay ia i?iecaiaenoaa, i?ienoaaeoaai a ?acoeueoaoa aaa?ee
o?ainii?oiiai n?aaenoaa, i?iaiaeeony eiienneae, ia?acoaiie
?aaioiaeaoaeai n iaycaoaeueiui eniieueciaaieai iaoa?eaeia
?anneaaeiaaiey, i?iaaaeaiiiai niioaaonoaothuei oaaea?aeueiui i?aaiii
eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe a iaeanoe iaaeci?a e eiio?iey. Aeey
?anneaaeiaaiey ian/anoiiai neo/ay ia i?iecaiaenoaa, i?ienoaaeoaai ia
noaeia, eiienney oi?ie?oaony ec i?aaenoaaeoaeae eiiaiaeiiai ninoaaa,
noaeiaie i?ionithciie i?aaiecaoeee, a i?e aa ionoonoaee – ec
i?aaenoaaeoaeae eiiaiaeu. Eiienneth aicaeaaeyao eaieoai noaeia, i?eeacii
eioi?iai ooaa?aeaeaaony ninoaa eiiennee.
A ninoaa eiiennee ii ?anneaaeiaaieth a?oiiiaiai eee oyaeaeiai
ian/anoiiai neo/ay ia i?iecaiaenoaa, ian/anoiiai neo/ay ia i?iecaiaenoaa
ni nia?oaeueiui enoiaeii oaeaea aeeth/athony neaaeothuea eeoea:
• ainoaea?noaaiiue einiaeoi? ii io?aia o?oaea, aicaeaaeythuee eiienneth;
• i?aaenoaaeoaee i?aaia eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe noauaeoa ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee eee i?aaia ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey (ii niaeaniaaieth);
• i?aaenoaaeoaeue oa??eoi?eaeueiiai iauaaeeiaiey i?aaiecaoeee
i?ioanneiiaeueiuo nithcia.
Ii o?aaiaaieth iino?aaeaaoaai, a a neo/aa nia?oe iino?aaeaaoaai ii
o?aaiaaieth aai ?iaenoaaiieeia, a ?anneaaeiaaiee ian/anoiiai neo/ay
iiaeao i?eieiaoue o/anoea aai aeiaa?aiiia eeoei. Anee aeiaa?aiiia eeoei
ia o/anoaoao a ?anneaaeiaaiee, ?aaioiaeaoaeue eee oiieiiii/aiiue ei aai
i?aaenoaaeoaeue eeai i?aaenaaeaoaeue eiiennee iaycai ii o?aaiaaieth
aeiaa?aiiiai eeoea iciaeiieoue aai n iaoa?eaeaie ?anneaaeiaaiey. Anee
eiaei ianoi ino?ia io?aaeaiea eee ?aaeeaoeeiiiia aicaeaenoaea,
i?aauneaoaa onoaiiaeaiiua ii?iu, a ninoaa eiiennee aeeth/aaony oaeaea
i?aaenoaaeoaeue oaaea?aeueiiai i?aaia eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe ii iaaeci?o
a noa?a naieoa?ii-yieaeaieieiae/aneiai aeaaiiieo/ey. Anee ian/anoiue
neo/ae yaeeny neaaenoaeai ia?ooaiee a ?aaioa, aeeythueo ia iaania/aiea
yaea?iie, ?aaeeaoeeiiiie e oaoie/aneie aaciianiinoe ia iauaeoao
eniieueciaaiey aoiiiie yia?aee, oi a ninoaa eiiennee aeeth/aaony oaeaea
i?aaenoaaeoaeue oa??eoi?eaeueiiai i?aaia oaaea?aeueiiai i?aaia
eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe ii iaaeci?o ca yaea?iie e ?aaeeaoeeiiiie
aaciianiinoueth. I?e ian/anoiii neo/aa, i?ienoaaeoai a i?aaiecaoeeyo e
ia iauaeoao, iiaeeiio?ieueiuo oa??eoi?eaeueiui i?aaiai oaaea?aeueiiai
i?aaia eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe ii iaaeci?o a noa?a i?iiuoeaiiie
aaciianiinoe, ninoaa eiiennee ooaa?aeaeaaony ?oeiaiaeeoaeai
niioaaonoaothuaai oa??eoi?eaeueiiai i?aaia. Aicaeaaeyao eiienneth
i?aaenoaaeoaeue yoiai i?aaia. I?e a?oiiiaii ian/anoiii neo/aa ia
i?iecaiaenoaa n /eneii iiaeaoeo iyoue /aeiaae e aieaa a ninoaa eiiennee
aeeth/athony oaeaea i?aaenoaaeoaee oaaea?aeueiie einiaeoeee o?oaea,
oaaea?aeueiiai i?aaia eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe ii aaaeiinoaaiiie
i?eiaaeeaaeiinoe e i?aaenoaaeoaee iaua?inneeneiai iauaaeeiaiey
i?ioanneiiaeueiuo nithcia. I?aaenaaeaoaeai eiiennee yaeyaony aeaaiue
ainoaea?noaaiiue einiaeoi? ii io?aia o?oaea niioaaonoaothuae
ainoaea?noaaiiie einiaeoeee o?oaea, a ia iauaeoao, iiaeeiio?ieueiuo
oa??eoi?eaeueiiio i?aaio oaaea?aeueiiai i?aaia eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe ii
iaaeci?o a noa?a i?iiuoeaiiie aaciianiinoe, – ?oeiaiaeeoaeue yoiai
oa??eoi?eaeueiiai i?aaia. Ia noaeia ninoaa eiiennee oi?ie?oaony
oaaea?aeueiui i?aaiii eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe, aaaeathuei aii?inaie
o?ainii?oa, eeai oaaea?aeueiui i?aaiii eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe,
aaaeathuei aii?inaie ?uaieianoaa, a niioaaonoaee n i?eiaaeeaaeiinoueth
noaeia. I?e e?oiiuo aaa?eyo n /eneii iiaeaoeo 15 /aeiaae e aieaa
?anneaaeiaaiea i?iaiaeeony eiienneae, ninoaa eioi?ie ooaa?aeaeaaony
I?aaeoaeuenoaii ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee. ?anneaaeiaaiea ianoiyoaeuenoa e
i?e/ei ian/anoiiai neo/ay ia i?iecaiaenoaa, eioi?ue ia yaeyaony
a?oiiiaui e ia ioiineony e eaoaai?ee oyaeaeuo ian/anoiuo neo/aaa eee
ian/anoiuo neo/aaa ni nia?oaeueiui enoiaeii, i?iaiaeeony eiienneae a
oa/aiea o?ao aeiae. ?anneaaeiaaiea a?oiiiaiai ian/anoiiai neo/ay ia
i?iecaiaenoaa, oyaeaeiai ian/anoiiai neo/ay ia i?iecaiaenoaa e
ian/anoiiai neo/ay ia i?iecaiaenoaa ni nia?oaeueiui enoiaeii i?iaiaeeony
eiienneae a oa/aiea 15 aeiae. Ian/anoiue neo/ae ia i?iecaiaenoaa, i
eioi?ii ia auei naiaa?aiaiii niiauaii ?aaioiaeaoaeth eee a ?acoeueoaoa
eioi?iai iao?oaeiniiniaiinoue o iino?aaeaaoaai ianooieea ia n?aco,
?anneaaeoaony eiienneae ii cayaeaieth iino?aaeaaoaai eee aai
aeiaa?aiiiai eeoea a oa/aiea iaeiiai ianyoea ni aeiy iinooieaiey
oeacaiiiai cayaeaiey. A iaeioi?uo neo/ayo i?e ?anneaaeiaaiee ian/anoiuo
neo/aaa ia i?iecaiaenoaa aicieeaao iaiaoiaeeiinoue i?iaaaeaiey
aeiiieieoaeueiie i?iaa?ee ianoiyoaeuenoa ian/anoiiai neo/ay, iieo/aiey
niioaaonoaothueo iaaeeoeeineeo e eiuo caeeth/aiee. A oaeeo neo/ayo
n?iee, ioaaaeaiiua aeey ?anneaaeiaaiey, iiaoo auoue i?iaeeaiu
i?aaenaaeaoaeai eiiennee, ii ia aieaa /ai ia 15 aeiae. A eaaeaeii neo/aa
?anneaaeiaaiey eiienney auyaeyao e ii?aoeaaao i/aaeaeoeaa i?ienoanoaey,
eeoe, aeiionoeaoeo ia?ooaiey ii?iaoeaiuo o?aaiaaiee ii io?aia o?oaea,
iieo/aao iaiaoiaeeioth eioi?iaoeeth io ?aaioiaeaoaey e ii aiciiaeiinoe –
iauyniaiey io iino?aaeaaoaai. I?e ?anneaaeiaaiee ian/anoiiai neo/ay a
i?aaiecaoeee ii o?aaiaaieth eiiennee ?aaioiaeaoaeue ca n/ao nianoaaiiuo
n?aaenoa iaania/eaaao:
• auiieiaiea oaoie/aneeo ?an/aoia, i?iaaaeaiea eaai?aoi?iuo
enneaaeiaaiee, eniuoaiee, ae?oaeo yenia?oiuo ?aaio e i?eaea/aiea a yoeo
oeaeyo niaoeeaeenoia-yenia?oia;
• oioia?aoe?iaaiea ianoa i?ienoanoaey e iia?aaeaeaiiuo iauaeoia,
ninoaaeaiea ieaiia, yneecia, noai;
• i?aaeinoaaeaiea o?ainii?oa, neoaeaaiiai iiiauaiey, n?aaenoa nayce,
niaoeeaeueiie iaeaaeaeu, niaoeeaeueiie iaoae e ae?oaeo n?aaenoa
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiie caueou, iaiaoiaeeiuo aeey i?iaaaeaiey ?anneaaeiaaiey.
I?e ?anneaaeiaaiee ian/anoiiai neo/ay o ?aaioiaeaoaey – oece/aneiai
eeoea iaiaoiaeeiua ia?ii?eyoey e oneiaey i?iaaaeaiey ?anneaaeiaaiey
ii?aaeaeythony i?aaenaaeaoaeai eiiennee.
Aeey ?anneaaeiaaiey a?oiiiaiai ian/anoiiai neo/ay ia i?iecaiaenoaa,
oyaeaeiai ian/anoiiai neo/ay ia i?iecaiaenoaa, ian/anoiiai neo/ay ia
i?iecaiaenoaa ni nia?oaeueiui enoiaeii iiaeaioaaeeaathony neaaeothuea
aeieoiaiou:
• i?eeac (?anii?yaeaiea) ?aaioiaeaoaey i nicaeaiee eiiennee ii
?anneaaeiaaieth ian/anoiiai neo/ay;
• ieaiu, yneecu, noaiu, a i?e iaiaoiaeeiinoe – oioi- e aeaeaiiaoa?eaeu
ianoa i?ienoanoaey;
• aeieoiaiou, oa?aeoa?ecothuea ninoiyiea ?aai/aai ianoa, iaee/ea iianiuo
e a?aaeiuo i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo oaeoi?ia;
• auienee ec aeo?iaeia ?aaeno?aoeee eino?oeoaaeae ii io?aia o?oaea e
i?ioieieia i?iaa?ee ciaiee ii io?aia o?oaea, eiathueony o iino?aaeaaoeo;
• i?ioieieu ii?inia i/aaeaeoeaa ian/anoiiai neo/ay e aeieaeiinoiuo eeoe,
iauyniaiey iino?aaeaaoeo;
• yenia?oiua caeeth/aiey niaoeeaeenoia, ?acoeueoaou eaai?aoi?iuo
enneaaeiaaiee e yenia?eiaioia;
• iaaeeoeeineia caeeth/aiea i oa?aeoa?a e noaiaie oyaeanoe
iia?aaeaeaiey, i?e/eiaiiiai caei?iaueth iino?aaeaaoaai, eee i?e/eia aai
nia?oe, i iaoiaeaeaiee iino?aaeaaoaai a iiiaio ian/anoiiai neo/ay a
ninoiyiee aeeiaieueiiai, ia?eioe/aneiai eee oiene/aneiai iiueyiaiey;
• eiiee aeieoiaioia, iiaeoaa?aeaeathueo auaea/o iino?aaeaaoaio
niaoeeaeueiie iaeaaeaeu, niaoeeaeueiie iaoae e ae?oaeo n?aaenoa
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiie caueou a niioaaonoaee n aeaenoaothueie ii?iaie;
• auienee ec ?aiaa auaeaiiuo ia aeaiiii i?iecaiaenoaa (iauaeoa)
i?aaeienaiee ainoaea?noaaiiuo einiaeoi?ia ii io?aia o?oaea e
aeieaeiinoiuo eeoe oa??eoi?eaeueiiai i?aaia ainoaea?noaaiiiai iaaeci?a
(anee ian/anoiue neo/ae i?iecioae a i?aaiecaoeee eee ia iauaeoa,
iiaeeiio?ieueiuo yoiio i?aaio), a oaeaea auienee ec i?aaenoaaeaiee
i?ionithciuo einiaeoi?ia o?oaea ia ono?aiaiee auyaeaiiuo ia?ooaiee
ii?iaoeaiuo o?aaiaaiee ii io?aia o?oaea;
• ae?oaea aeieoiaiou ii oniio?aieth eiiennee.
Aeey ?anneaaeiaaiey a?oiiiaiai ian/anoiiai neo/ay ia i?iecaiaenoaa,
oyaeaeiai ian/anoiiai neo/ay ia i?iecaiaenoaa, ian/anoiiai neo/ay ia
i?iecaiaenoaa ni nia?oaeueiui enoiaeii, i?ienoaaeoaai o ?aaioiaeaoaey –
oece/aneiai eeoea, ia?a/aiue i?aaenoaaeyaiuo iaoa?eaeia ii?aaeaeyaony
i?aaenaaeaoaeai eiiennee, i?iaiaeeaoae ?anneaaeiaaiea.
Nia?aiiua aeieoiaiou e iaoa?eaeu iicaieytho eiiennee ii ?anneaaeiaaieth
ian/anoiiai neo/ay ia i?iecaiaenoaa:
• onoaiiaeoue ianoiyoaeuenoaa e i?e/eiu ian/anoiiai neo/ay;
• ii?aaeaeeoue aue ee iino?aaeaaoee a iiiaio ian/anoiiai neo/ay naycai n
i?iecaiaenoaaiiie aeayoaeueiinoueth ?aaioiaeaoaey;
• eaaeeoeoee?iaaoue ian/anoiue neo/ae eae ian/anoiue neo/ae ia
i?iecaiaenoaa eee eae ian/anoiue neo/ae, ia naycaiiue n i?iecaiaenoaii;
• ii?aaeaeeoue eeoe, aeiionoeaoeo ia?ooaiey o?aaiaaiee aaciianiinoe e
io?aiu o?oaea, caeiiia e eiuo ii?iaoeaiuo i?aaiauo aeoia;
• ii?aaeaeeoue ia?u ii ono?aiaieth i?e/ei e i?aaeoi?aaeaeaieth
ian/anoiuo neo/aaa ia i?iecaiaenoaa.
Anee i?e ?anneaaeiaaiee ian/anoiiai neo/ay n cano?aoiaaiiui eiienneae
onoaiiaeaii, /oi a?oaay iainoi?iaeiinoue cano?aoiaaiiiai niaeaenoaiaaea
aicieeiiaaieth eee oaaee/aieth a?aaea, i?e/eiaiiiai aai caei?iaueth, oi
n o/aoii caeeth/aiey i?ionithciiai i?aaia eee eiiai oiieiiii/aiiiai
cano?aoiaaiiui i?aaenoaaeoaeueiiai i?aaia aeaiiie i?aaiecaoeee eiienney
ii?aaeaeyao noaiaiue aeiu cano?aoiaaiiiai a i?ioeaioao. Ii?yaeie
?anneaaeiaaiey ian/anoiuo neo/aaa ia i?iecaiaenoaa, o/eouaathuee
iniaaiiinoe ioaeaeueiuo io?aneae e i?aaiecaoeee, a oaeaea oi?iu
aeieoiaioia, iaiaoiaeeiuo aeey ?anneaaeiaaiey ian/anoiuo neo/aaa ia
i?iecaiaenoaa, ooaa?aeaeathony a ii?yaeea, onoaiiaeaiiii I?aaeoaeuenoaii
?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee. Ii eaaeaeiio ian/anoiiio neo/ath ia
i?iecaiaenoaa, aucaaaoaio iaiaoiaeeiinoue ia?aaiaea ?aaioieea a
niioaaonoaee n iaaeeoeeineei caeeth/aieai ia ae?oaoth ?aaioo, iioa?th
o?oaeiniiniaiinoe ?aaioieeii ia n?ie ia iaiaa iaeiiai aeiy eeai aai
nia?oue, ioi?ieyaony aeo i ian/anoiii neo/aa ia i?iecaiaenoaa ii oi?ia
I-1 a aeaoo yecaiiey?ao ia ?onneii ycuea eeai ia ?onneii ycuea e
ainoaea?noaaiiii ycuea noauaeoa ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee. I?e a?oiiiaii
ian/anoiii neo/aa ia i?iecaiaenoaa aeo ii oi?ia I-1 ninoaaeyaony ia
eaaeaeiai iino?aaeaaoaai ioaeaeueii.
Anee ian/anoiue neo/ae ia i?iecaiaenoaa i?iecioae n ?aaioieeii noi?iiiae
i?aaiecaoeee, oi aeo ii oi?ia I-1 ninoaaeyaony a o?ao yecaiiey?ao, aeaa
ec eioi?uo aianoa n iaoa?eaeaie ?anneaaeiaaiey ian/anoiiai neo/ay e
aeoii ?anneaaeiaaiey iai?aaeythony ?aaioiaeaoaeth, ?aaioieeii eioi?iai
yaeyaony (yaeyeny) iino?aaeaaoee, o?aoee yecaiiey? aeoa ii oi?ia I-1 e
iaoa?eaeu ?anneaaeiaaiey inoathony o ?aaioiaeaoaey, aaea i?iecioae
ian/anoiue neo/ae. I?e ian/anoiii neo/aa ia i?iecaiaenoaa n
cano?aoiaaiiui eeoeii ninoaaeyaony aeiiieieoaeueiue yecaiiey? aeoa ii
oi?ia I-1.
Aeo oi?iu I-1, aaaaeaiiue a aeaenoaea n 1 yiaa?y 2003 aiaea
Iinoaiiaeaieai Ieienoa?noaa o?oaea e nioeeaeueiiai ?acaeoey ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee io 24 ieoya?y 2002 aiaea ?73 “Ia ooaa?aeaeaiee oi?i
aeieoiaioia, iaiaoiaeeiuo aeey ?anneaaeiaaiey e o/aoa ian/anoiuo neo/aaa
ia i?iecaiaenoaa, e iieiaeaiey ia iniaaiiinoyo ?anneaaeiaaiey ian/anoiuo
neo/aaa ia i?iecaiaenoaa a ioaeaeueiuo io?aneyo e i?aaiecaoeeyo”.
Neaaeoao ia?aoeoue aieiaiea ia ian/anoiua neo/ae, i?iecioaaeoea ia
i?iecaiaenoaa e iiaeeaaeauea ?anneaaeiaaieth, ii ii ?aoaieth eiiennee ia
yaeythueany ian/anoiuie neo/ayie ia i?iecaiaenoaa. Oaeea ian/anoiua
neo/ae ia o/eouaathony e ioi?ieythony aeoii i?iecaieueiie oi?iu. E iei
ioiinyony:
• nia?oue aneaaenoaea iauaai caaieaaaiey eee naiioaeenoaa,
iiaeoaa?aeaeaiiay a onoaiiaeaiiii ii?yaeea o/?aaeaeaieai
cae?aaiio?aiaiey eee neaaenoaaiiuie i?aaiaie;
• nia?oue, aaeeinoaaiiie i?e/eiie eioi?ie ii caeeth/aieth o/?aaeaeaiey
cae?aaiio?aiaiey yaeeinue aeeiaieueiia eee ia?eioe/aneia iiueyiaiea
(io?aaeaiea) ?aaioieea, ia naycaiiia n ia?ooaieai oaoiieiae/aneiai
i?ioeanna, aaea eniieuecothony oaoie/aneea nie?ou, a?iiaoe/aneea,
ia?eioe/aneea e ae?oaea aiaeiae/iua aauanoaa;
• ian/anoiue neo/ae, i?ienoaaeoee i?e niaa?oaiee iino?aaeaaoei
i?inooiea, niaea?aeauaai ii caeeth/aieth i?aaenoaaeoaeae
i?aaiio?aieoaeueiuo i?aaiia i?eciaee oaieiaii-iaeacoaiiai aeayiey.
Aeou i ?anneaaeiaaiee ian/anoiuo neo/aaa, eaaeeoeoee?iaaiiuo ii
?acoeueoaoai ?anneaaeiaaiey eae ia naycaiiua n i?iecaiaenoaii, aianoa n
iaoa?eaeaie ?anneaaeiaaiey o?aiyony ?aaioiaeaoaeai a oa/aiea 45 eao.
Eiiee aeoia i ?anneaaeiaaiee oeacaiiuo ian/anoiuo neo/aaa e iaoa?eaeia
eo ?anneaaeiaaiey iai?aaeythony i?aaenaaeaoaeai eiiennee a
niioaaonoaothuoth ainoaea?noaaiioth einiaeoeeth o?oaea.
Noaoenoe/aneea iieacaoaee i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai o?aaiaoecia
Aeaiiua noaoenoeee aiai?yo, /oi ii iieacaoaeyi i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai
o?aaiaoecia ?inney a 2,5-3 ?aca iaaiiyao no?aiu Aa?inithca, i?e/ai a
?aaeiiao Naaa?i-Caiaaea ?innee – naiue aunieee iieacaoaeue /?acau/aeiuo
i?ienoanoaee ia i?iecaiaenoaa. IIO iieo/ee oaeea ioeaiee, /oi i?eia?ii a
60-70 i?ioeaioao neo/aaa ia/anoiua neo/ae ia naycaiu n i?e/eiaie
oaoie/aneiai oa?aeoa?a, a eiatho oa?aeoa? i?aaiecaoeeiiiue. Yoi e
/aeiaa/aneee oaeoi?, yoi e iaaeinoaoie iao/aiiinoe ia?niiaea, yoi e
ia?ooaiea o?oaeiaie e i?iecaiaenoaaiiie aeenoeeieeiu. A yoi cia/eo, /oi
eiee/anoai ian/anoiuo neo/aaa ia i?iecaiaenoaa iiaeii oiaiueoeoue n
iiiiuueth eo i?ioeeaeoeee. Ii nia?aiaiiay nenoaia oi?aaeaiey io?aiie
o?oaea, i?iaoeniauaaao aac yooaeoeaiie ia?aoiie nayce, aac aeoeaiiai
o/anoey ?aaioieeia. Aieueooth ?ieue ioaiaeyo aiaae?aieth nia?aiaiiuo
nenoai oi?aaeaiey io?aiu o?oaea, ioeaiee yeiiiie/aneie yooaeoeaiinoe
ia?ii?eyoee ii io?aia o?oaea e oai iniiaiui iaoiaeai, eino?oiaioai
ioeaiee i?ioanneiiaeueiiai ?enea, eioi?ua aeieaeiu i?iaiaeeoueny a
i?aaiecaoeeyo n oeaeueth i?ioeeaeoeee i?iecaiaenoaaiiiai o?aaiaoecia e
oeo/oaiey oneiaee o?oaea.
Caaea/e
Caaea/a ? 1
I?iecaanoe ?an/ao iauaai ?aaiiia?iiai eneonnoaaiiiai inaauaiey a
iiiauaiee. Iai?yaeaiea ieoaiey 220 A. Naaoeeueieee n ethieianoeaioiuie
eaiiaie.
Aeaii:
?ac?yae e iiae?ac?yae c?eoaeueiie ciiu 4 a
?acia?u iiiauaiey:
aeeeia (A) 20 i.
oe?eia (A) 12i.
aunioa (I) 4,6 i.
Eiyooeoeeaio io?aaeaiey: iioieea 0,3; noai 0,1; iiea 0,1.
Aunioa naana naaoeeueieea 0,2 i, aunioa ?aai/ae ciiu 0,8i.
Eiyooeoeeaio ia?aaiiia?iinoe inaauaiey Z=1,2.
Eiyooeoeeaio caiana =1,4.
?aoaiea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 = 200 ee – ii?ie?iaaiiia cia/aiea inaauaiiinoe
ia ?aai/ae iiaa?oiinoe a caaeneiinoe io caaeaiiuo ?ac?yaea e
iiae?ac?yaea ?aaio.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 = 4,6- (0,2 + 0,8)= 3,6 i.- aunioa iiaeaana
iaae ?aai/ae iiaa?oiinoueth.
i = (A*A)/ (A+A), aaea i – eiaeaen iiiauaiey.
i =2
S = 240
Iio?aaiue iioie enoi/ieeia naaoa (eaii) a eaaeaeii naaoeeueieea O, aeey
nicaeaiey ii?ie?iaaiiie inaauaiiinoe, iaoiaeeony ii oi?ioea: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0000000000007ff0101f3cf3fffffffffffffffffffffff0101f3cf3f800ffffffffffff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aaea A – caaeaiiay ieieiaeueiay inaauaiiinoue, ee; Ec – eiyooeoeeaio
caiana; S – inaauaaiay ieiuaaeue (ieiuaaeue ?an/aoiie iiaa?oiinoe), i2;
z – eiyooeoeeaio ia?aaiiia?iinoe inaauaiey; N – /enei naaoeeueieeia; Uio
– eiyooeoeeaio eniieueciaaiey a aeieyo aaeeieoeu.
Iaiaoiaeeiia /enei naaoeeueieeia iiaeao auoue ii?aaeaeaii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301020301020301020301020301020301020301020301020301020301020301020301020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0c00000020700000000000000000000000000000207003ff800000000000000000000000
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3c0f80000000000000800000000000000000000000ffe7e1f389f3f80000000000000000
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00000000000000000000000510000006004000000000000000000006f0000003d0000000
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003000000000000c6008800700000003e00000028000000700000003e000000010001000
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fff0101fffffffffffffffffffffeffffff0101ffffffffffffffffffffcf7fffff0101f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0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000220000000c000000f
fffffff460000001c00000010000000454d462b024000000c000000000000000e0000001
40000000000000010000000140000000400000003010800050000000b020000000005000
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600ee003e007000000000003e0070000000000028000000700000003e000000010001000
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000000000000000000001010000000000000000000000000000010100000000000000000
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80400000000000000000000000038c60c020000000000000000000000001ccc0c0200000
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01000000000000000e020000000000000100000000000000060200000000000003000000
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101ffffffffffffffffffffbb5fffff0101ffffffffffffffffffffbb5fffff0101fffff
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07ff83fffffffff0101fffffffffffff9ffe7dfffffffff0101ffffffffffffe01fefeff
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fffffff0101fffffffffff00181e0c760c07fff0101fffffffffffc79e7e7ff1e603fff0
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1f01fff0101ffffffffffff9dfcefffe3d80fff0101ffffffffffff9d7cf7ffe7dfffff0
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fffffff0101ffffffffffffffffffffffffffff0101ffffffffffffffffffffffffffff0
1010c00000040092900aa000000000000003e00700000000000040000002701ffff03000
0000000
Naaoiaie iioie = 4 550 ei.
Eiyooeoeeaio eniieueciaaiey naaoiaiai iioiea
picscalex100010009000003c900000002001c0000000000050000000902000000000500
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b7ffffff60020000570200000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065000080001c00
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6e00e8f012000e9bae77c060b177af1066bd040000002d01000008000000320a10027e01
020000006f791c000000fb0240fe0000000000009001010000000402001054696d657320
4e657720526f6d616e00e8f012000e9bae77c060b177af1066bd040000002d0101000400
0000f001000008000000320aa0010f000100000055790a00000026060f000a00ffffffff
0100000000001c000000fb021000070000000000bc02000000cc0102022253797374656d
00bdaf1066bd00000a0047008a01000000000000000004f31200040000002d0100000400
0000f0010100030000000000 =0,48
Oei eaiiu ENI01-EA65-4
picscalex100010009000003a601000003001c0000000000050000000902000000000500
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afffffff001400006f0400000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065000000010800
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4e657720526f6d616e00e8f012000e9bae77c060b1779414661b040000002d0101000800
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1c04fe0c010000002c3808000000320a1c04250c01000000303808000000320a1c04050b
010000002a3808000000320a1c04e50901000000323808000000320a1c04be0801000000
2a3809000000320a1c04fe04040000003435353008000000320aa801cd0f010000003235
08000000320aa801560f010000002c3508000000320aa801a00e01000000313508000000
320aa801aa0d010000002a3509000000320aa801ca0a030000003234303008000000320a
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010000002c3408000000320aa801560701000000313408000000320aa801600601000000
2a3409000000320aa801800303000000323030301c000000fb0240fe0000000000009001
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08000000320ac0020802010000003d301c000000fb0240fe000000000000900101000000
0402001054696d6573204e657720526f6d616e00e8f012000e9bae77c060b1779414661b
040000002d01010004000000f001020008000000320ac0024e00010000004e300a000000
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0102022253797374656d001b9414661b00000a0047008a01000000000200000004f31200
040000002d01020004000000f0010100030000000000 eaii.
picscalex1000100090000039501000003001c0000000000050000000902000000000500
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130250029c101c000000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000000402001054696d657320
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1c04160a02000000343808000000320a1c049f09010000002c3808000000320a1c04c608
01000000303808000000320a1c04a607010000002a3808000000320a1c04ad0502000000
313808000000320aa801b10f01000000323808000000320aa8013a0f010000002c380800
0000320aa801840e01000000313808000000320aa8018e0d010000002a3809000000320a
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670801000000343408000000320aa801f007010000002c3408000000320aa8013a070100
0000313408000000320aa8014406010000002a3409000000320aa8016403030000003230
30651c000000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000020402001053796d626f6c00777614
0ae620543500e8f012000e9bae77c060b1777d146666040000002d01020004000000f001
010008000000320ac002ec01010000003d301c000000fb0240fe00000000000090010100
00cc0402001054696d6573204e657720526f6d616e00e8f012000e9bae77c060b1777d14
6666040000002d01010004000000f001020008000000320ac0021d0001000000d4300a00
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00cc0102022253797374656d00667d14666600000a0047008a01000000000200000004f3
1200040000002d01020004000000f0010100030000000000 = 4667 ei.
picscalex100010009000003510000000000120000000000050000000902000000000500
0000020101000000050000000102ffffff00050000002e0118000000050000000b020000
0000050000000c02600240011200000026060f001a00ffffffff000010000000c0ffffff
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0102ffffff00050000002e0118000000050000000b0200000000050000000c02a0024002
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0b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065000080001c000000fb0220ff000000000000
9001010000cc0402001054696d6573204e657720526f6d616e00e8f012000e9bae77c060
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40fe0000000000009001010000cc0402001054696d6573204e657720526f6d616e00e8f0
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1000070000000000bc02000000cc0102022253797374656d001d7614661d00000a004700
8a01000000000000000004f31200040000002d01000004000000f0010100030000000000
=
picscalex100010009000003c900000002001c0000000000050000000902000000000500
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0000f001000008000000320aa001470001000000c5790a00000026060f000a00ffffffff
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ffff000010000000c0ffffffb6ffffff80020000b60400000b00000026060f000c004d61
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00cc0402001054696d6573204e657720526f6d616e00e8f012000e9bae77c060b1776a15
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4e657720526f6d616e00e8f012000e9bae77c060b1776a1566cb040000002d0102000400
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bc02000000cc0102022253797374656d00cb6a1566cb00000a0047008a01000000000100
000004f31200040000002d01010004000000f0010200030000000000=200*picscalex10
0010009000003e900000003001c000000000005000000090200000000050000000201010
00000050000000102ffffff00050000002e0118000000050000000b02000000000500000
00c028004a0051200000026060f001a00ffffffff000010000000c0ffffffafffffff600
500002f0400000b00000026060f000c004d617468547970650000e00008000000fa02000
01000000000000000040000002d010000050000001402500240000500000013025002eb0
31c000000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000020402001053796d626f6c00773c0e0ac
9d0b9200090f012000e9bc677c060c977f20d6668040000002d01010008000000320ac00
25c04010000003d791c000000fb0240fe0000000000009001000000000402001054696d6
573204e657720526f6d616e0090f012000e9bc677c060c977f20d6668040000002d01020
004000000f001010009000000320a1c045900040000003436363709000000320aa8015c0
004000000343535300a00000026060f000a00ffffffff0100000000001c000000fb02100
0070000000000bc02000000cc0102022253797374656d0068f20d666800000a0047008a0
10000000001000000acf21200040000002d01010004000000f0010200030000000000195
= =200* 195
aaea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 – oaeoe/aneay inaauaiiinoue ?aai/ae
iiaa?oiinoe.
Noiia?iay iiuiinoue =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Noaia ?aciauaiey naaoeeueieeia:
Ioaao:
picscalex100010009000003c900000002001c0000000000050000000902000000000500
0000020101000000050000000102ffffff00050000002e0118000000050000000b020000
0000050000000c02800280021200000026060f001a00ffffffff000010000000c0ffffff
b4ffffff40020000340200000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065000060001c00
0000fb0220ff0000000000009001010000cc0402001054696d6573204e657720526f6d61
6e00e8f012000e9bc677c060c9771f0f66e0040000002d01000008000000320a30026c01
01000000cd791c000000fb0240fe0000000000009001010000cc0402001054696d657320
4e657720526f6d616e00e8f012000e9bc677c060c9771f0f66e0040000002d0101000400
0000f001000008000000320ac001470001000000c5790a00000026060f000a00ffffffff
0100000000001c000000fb021000070000000000bc02000000cc0102022253797374656d
00e01f0f66e000000a0047008a01000000000000000004f31200040000002d0100000400
0000f0010100030000000000= 200 ee.,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=3,6 i, N = 18 eaii, i =2,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4667 ei,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 4550 ei,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 195 ee.
Caaea/a ? 2
?ann/eoaoue ieioiinoue oaieiaiai eceo/aiey io iaiaiiiai oa?a.
Aeaii:
Ianna NOA = 2,7 o.
?annoiyiea io iaiaiiiai oa?a 250 i.
N?aaeiaiiaa?oiinoiay ieioiinoue oaieiaiai eceo/aiey
iaiaiiiai
oa?a(picscalex100010009000003c900000002001c00000000000500000009020000000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) = 200 eAo/ .
?aoaiea: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 = 0,6 I = 0,6 * 2,7 = 1,62 o. – ianna iaiaiiiai
oa?a.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 =
29*picscalex1000100090000031301000003001c0000000000050000000902000000000
5000000020101000000050000000102ffffff00050000002e0118000000050000000b020
0000000050000000c02a00360031200000026060f001a00ffffffff000010000000c0fff
fffa9ffffff20030000490300000b00000026060f000c004d61746854797065000060000
8000000fa0200000800000000000000040000002d0100000500000014025c011b0205000
00013025c018f021c000000fb0220ff0000000000009001000000000402001054696d657
3204e657720526f6d616e00e8f012000e9bc677c060c977d90d667e040000002d0101000
8000000320a4802210201000000337908000000320a02011d020100000031791c000000f
b0220ff0000000000009001010000cc0402001054696d6573204e657720526f6d616e00e
8f012000e9bc677c060c977d90d667e040000002d01020004000000f0010100080000003
20a5003ee0102000000eef81c000000fb0240fe0000000000009001010000cc040200105
4696d6573204e657720526f6d616e00e8f012000e9bc677c060c977d90d667e040000002
d01010004000000f001020008000000320ae002400001000000ccf80a00000026060f000
a00ffffffff0100000000001c000000fb021000070000000000bc02000000cc010202225
3797374656d007ed90d667e00000a0047008a01000000000200000004f31200040000002
d01020004000000f0010100030000000000 = 29*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 = 34,06
i. – ?aaeeon iaiaiiiai oa?a.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 =
4,5*picscalex1000100090000031301000003001c000000000005000000090200000000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 =
4,5*picscalex100010009000003f700000003001c000000000005000000090200000000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 =
5,29. – a?aiy nouanoaiaaiey iaiaiiiai oa?a.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, aaea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 – eiyooeoeeaio iaeo/aiiinoe iaaeaeo oaeaeii
ieaiaie e yeaiaioa?iie ieiuaaeeie ia iiaa?oiinoe iaeo/aaiiai iauaeoa;
I— aunioa oeaio?a “iaiaiiiai oa?a”, i;
Ds — yooaeoeaiue aeeaiao? “iaiaiiiai oa?a”, i;
r — ?annoiyiea io iaeo/aaiiai iauaeoa aei oi/ee ia iiaa?oiinoe caiee
iaiin?aaenoaaiii iiae oeaio?ii “iaiaiiiai oa?a”, i.
Yooaeoeaiue aeeaiao? “iaiaiiiai oa?a” Ds ?ann/eouaatho ii oi?ioea
Ds =5,33 m 0,327,
H ii?aaeaeytho a oiaea niaoeeaeueiuo enneaaeiaaiee. Aeiioneaaony
i?eieiaoue H ?aaiie Ds/2.
Ds =5,33*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7,375 i,
I = 3,69 i.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 = 0,064.
?an/ao eioaineaiinoe oaieiaiai eceo/aiey “iaiaiiiai oa?a” q, eAo/i2,
i?iaiaeyo ii oi?ioea :
q = Ef · Fq
q = 200* 0,064= 12,8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A ?aoaiee i?iaeaiu i?iaiice?iaaiey iianiinoe aicaeaenoaey eceo/aiey
iaiaiiiai oa?a ia /aeiaaea iaeaieaa aaaeiui aniaeoii yaeyaony
iainiiaaiea e?eoa?eaa oaieiaiai ii?aaeaiey. A iaaeeoeeia eiee/anoai
oece/aneeo, aeieiae/aneeo, oeie/aneeo ii?aaeathueo aicaeaenoaee,
i?aaenoaaeythueo iianiinoue aeey aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe /aeiaaea, oneiaii
iacuaatho «aeicie». Neaaenoaeai aicaeaenoaey iianiuo oaeoi?ia ia
/aeiaaea iiaoo auoue iaeiae e io?aaeaiey ?acee/iie noaiaie, oie, iioa?y
niciaiey, eaoaeueiue enoiae, oneiaii iacuaaaiua «yooaeoii». «Yooaeo»,
caaenyuee io iiiaeanoaa o?oaeiioi?iaeecoaiuo iauaeoeaiuo e noauaeoeaiuo
oaeoi?ia, yaeyaony neo/aeiie aaee/eiie. Iniiaiay caaea/a iaoaiaoe/aneie
noaoenoee a iaaeeoeeia ninoieo a onoaiiaeaiee eiee/anoaaiiuo niioiioaiee
iaaeaeo «aeicie» e «yooaeoii».
Onoaiiaeaiea e?eoe/aneie «aeicu», aucuaathuae «yooaeo» ii?aaeaeaiiie
oyaeanoe, i?iaiaeeony a yenia?eiaioao n aa?uee?iaaieai eiee/anoaa
«aeicu».
I?e oaieiaii ii?aaeaiee /aeiaaea a ea/anoaa e?eoa?ey «aeicu» i?eiyou
neaaeothuea oa?iiaeeiaie/aneea ia?aiao?u:
eiaeaen iaeo/aiey = 10 ;
eiaa?eoi eiaeaena iaeo/aiey D=lnI ;
oaiia?aoo?a no?oeoo?iuo neiaa eiaeiiai iie?iaa O.
Iauai?eiyouie iaaeeoeeineeie e?eoa?eyie «yooaeoa» ii aeoaeia ii?aaeaiey
yaeythony iaeiae I, II, IIIA, IIIA, IV noaiaie. Ai iiiaeo
yenia?eiaioaeueiuo enneaaeiaaieyo oa?ie/aneeo iaeiaia a ea/anoaa
e?eoa?ey aicieeiiaaiey iaeiaa i?eieiaaony iaoaiaoe/aneia iaeeaeaiea
ii?iaiaiai cia/aiey «aeicu», aucuaathuae iaeiae II noaiaie.
I?aaeaeueii aeiionoeiay aeica oaieiaiai eceo/aiey i?e aicaeaenoaee
“iaiaiiiai oa?a” ia /aeiaaea:
Noaiaiue ii?aaeaieyAeica oaieiaiai eceo/aiey,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 1-e
noaiaie1,2*picscalex100010009000003c900000002001c00000000000500000009020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 2-e
noaiaie2,2*picscalex100010009000003c900000002001c00000000000500000009020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 3-e
noaiaie3,2*picscalex100010009000003c900000002001c00000000000500000009020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I?eia/aiea — Aeico oaieiaiai eceo/aiey Q, Aeae/i2, ?ann/eouaatho ii
oi?ioea
Q = q t
aaea q — eioaineaiinoue oaieiaiai eceo/aiey “iaiaiiiai oa?a”, Ao/i2;
t — a?aiy nouanoaiaaiey “iaiaiiiai oa?a”, n.
Ioaao: q = 12,8 eAo/ .
Nienie eniieueciaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u
1. AINO 12.0.003-74 NNAO. Iianiua e a?aaeiua i?iecaiaenoaaiiua oaeoi?u.
Eeanneoeeaoeey. I., 1980.
2. AINO 12.1.004-91 Iiaea?iay aaciianiinoue. Iauea o?aaiaaiey, I., 1992.
3. NIeI 2.09.02-85 I?iecaiaenoaaiiua caeaiey. I., 1985.
4. NIeI 21-01-97 Iiaea?iay aaciianiinoue caeaiee e nii?oaeaiee. I. 1997.
5. A.A.Noaaeieoeeee, A.E.?iaeeiiia.”Yeieiaey”. I.,2000.
6. A.I.Na?aaaa, A.E.Eioo. “?aoeeiiaeueiia eniieueciaaiea e io?aia
ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu ai?iaeia”. I., 2005.
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