Niaea?aeaiea
1 IAUEA IIIssOEss E II?AAeAEAIEss
2 YAAEOAOeEIIIUA I?AAIU
3 II?ssAeIE I?IAAAeAIEss YAAEOAOeEE. AeAENOAEss IANAEAIEss I?E
YAAEOAOeEE
4 INIIAIUA CAAeA*E YAAEOAOeEIIIIE EIIENNEE
AAeIEIENO?AOEAII-OA??EOI?EAEUeIIAI CAAIA
5 INIIAIUA CAAeA*E YAAEOAOeEIIIIE EIIENNEE IAUAEOA YEIIIIEEE
6 CAIIEIAIEA CAUEOIIAI NII?OAEAIEss E I?AAEEA IIAAAeAIEss A IAI
NIENIE EEOA?AOO?U
1 IAUEA IIIssOEss E II?AAeAEAIEss
Iaeiei ec iniiaiuo niiniaia caueou ianaeaiey io nia?aiaiiuo n?aaenoa
ii?aaeaiey a aiaiiia a?aiy, a oaeaea a neo/ayo aicieeiiaaiey
/?acau/aeiuo neooaoeee oaoiiaaiiiai eee i?e?iaeiiai oa?aeoa?a yaeyaony
aai yaaeoaoeey.
Yaaeoaoeey ianaeaiey – yoi eiiieaen ia?ii?eyoee ii i?aaieciaaiiiio
auaico (auaiaeo) ianaeaiey ec cii /?acau/aeiuo neooaoeee oaoiiaaiiiai
eee i?e?iaeiiai oa?aeoa?a, a oaeaea a neo/aa i?eiaiaiey i?ioeaieeii
i?oaeey ianniaiai ii?aaeaiey, e ?aciauaiea aai a caaeaaia?aiaiii
iiaeaioiaeaiiuo ii oneiaeyi ia?aii/a?aaeiiai aeeciaiaania/aiey
aaciianiuo ?aeiiao (aia cii aeaenoaey ii?aaeathueo oaeoi?ia enoi/ieeia
*N).
?ann?aaeioi/aiea – yoi i?aaieciaaiiue auaic ec ai?iaeia e ?aciauaiea a
caai?iaeiie ciia ?aai/eo e neoaeaueo i?aaei?eyoee, i?aaiecaoeee,
i?iaeieaeathueo aeayoaeueiinoue a yoeo ai?iaeao, eae i?e *N ie?iiai
oa?aeoa?a, oae e aiaiiiai a?aiaie.
Ia?eiaee/anee, a niioaaonoaee n i?iecaiaenoaaiiui oeeeeii iauaeoa
yeiiiieee aica?auathony a ai?iae aeey ?aaiou, iinea /aai aiiaue oauaatho
ia ioaeuo a caai?iaeioth ciio. *oi eanaaony o/aaiuo caaaaeaiee, oi iie
ia yoi a?aiy i?ae?auatho naith aeayoaeueiinoue.
Yaaeoaoeeiiiua ia?ii?eyoey inouanoaeythony ii ?aoaieth I?aceaeaioa
?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee eee ia/aeueieea A?aaeaeaineie Iai?iiu ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee – I?aaenaaeaoaey I?aaeoaeuenoaa ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee e a
ioaeaeueiuo neo/ayo, o?aaothueo i?eiyoey iaiaaeeaiiiai ?aoaiey, ii
?aoaieth ia/aeueieeia a?aaeaeaineie iai?iiu, noauaeoia ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee n iineaaeothuei aeieeaaeii ii iiae/eiaiiinoe.
Ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca i?aaiecaoeeth ieaie?iaaiey, iaania/aiey, i?iaaaeaiey
yaaeoaoeee ianaeaiey e aai ?aciauaiea a caai?iaeiie ciia aiceaaaaony ia
ia/aeueieeia A?aaeaeaineie Iai?iiu:
– ia oa??eoi?ee ?O e aoiaeyueo a aa ninoaa
aaeieieno?aoeaii-oa??eoi?eaeueiuo ia?aciaaiee – ia niioaaonoaothueo
?oeiaiaeeoaeae i?aaiia eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe noauaeoia ?O, i?aaiia
ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey;
– a io?aneyo e ia iauaeoao yeiiiieee – ia eo ?oeiaiaeeoaeae.
Ananoi?iiiaa iaania/aiea yaaeoaoeeiiiuo ia?ii?eyoee i?aaiecotho
niioaaonoaothuea neoaeau a?aaeaeaineie iai?iiu, ieienoa?noaa
(aaaeiinoaa), iauaeou yeiiiieee iacaaeneii io oi?i nianoaaiiinoe ai
acaeiiaeaenoaee n i?aaiaie eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe noauaeoia ?O, i?aaiaie
ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey. Ieaie?iaaiea, iaania/aiea e i?iaaaeaiea
yaaeiia?ii?eyoee inouanoaeyaony enoiaey ec i?eioeeia iaiaoiaeeiie
aeinoaoi/iinoe e iaeneiaeueii aiciiaeiiai eniieueciaaiey eiathueony
nianoaaiiuo nee e n?aaenoa. A caaeneiinoe io ioaaoa ianaeaiey, iiiaaoaai
a iianioth ciio, yaaeoaoeeiiiui ia?ii?eyoeyi i?aaenoaaeyaony aiciiaeiui
auaeaeeoue neaaeothuea aa?eaiou eo i?iaaaeaiey: iauay yaaeoaoeey e
/anoe/iay yaaeoaoeey. Iauay yaaeoaoeey i?aaeiieaaaao auaic (auaiae)
anao eaoaai?ee ianaeaiey ec ciiu iiauoaiiie iianiinoe. *anoe/iay
yaaeoaoeey inouanoaeyaony i?e iaiaoiaeeiinoe oaeaeaiey ec iianiie ciiu
ioaeaeueiuo eaoaai?ee ianaeaiey, iaeaieaa /oanoaeoaeueiuo e
aicaeaenoaeth ii?aaeathueo oaeoi?ia. Auai? oeacaiiuo aa?eaioia
i?iaaaeaiey yaaeoaoeee ii?aaeaeyaony a caaeneiinoe io ianooaaia
?ani?ino?aiaiey e oa?aeoa?a iianiinoe, aeinoiaa?iue i?iaiic aa
?aaeecaoeee, a oaeaea ia?niaeoea oicyenoaaiiiai eniieueciaaiey
i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo iauaeoia, ?aciauaiiuo a iianiie ciia. Eeanneoeeaoeey
aa?eaioia i?iaaaeaiey yaaeoaoeee, a caaeneiinoe io a?aiaie e n?ieia
i?iaaaeaiey:
– caaeaaia?aiaiiay, i?e iieo/aiee aeinoiaa?iuo aeaiiuo i aunieie
aa?iyoiinoe aicieeiiaaiey aaa?ee ia iioaioeeaeueii iianiuo iauaeoao eee
noeoeeiuo aaaenoaeyo, eee i?eiaiaiey i?ioeaieeii III. Iniiaaieai aeey
aaaaeaiey aeaiiie ia?u caueou yaeyaony e?aoein?i/iue i?iaiic
aicieeiiaaiey aaa?ee eee noeoeeiiai aaaenoaey, eee aeaiiuo ?acaaaeee ia
ia?eiae io ianeieueeeo aeanyoeia ieioo aei ianeieueeeo nooie, eioi?ue
iiaeao ooi/iyoueny a oa/aiee yoiai n?iea.
– yeno?aiiay, a neo/aa aicieeiiaaiey *N. Auaic (auaiae) ianaeaiey iiaeao
inouanoaeyoueny i?e iaeii a?aiaie oi?aaeaeaiey e a oneiaeyo aicaeaenoaey
ia ethaeae ii?aaeathueo oaeoi?ia enoi/ieea *N.
Iniiaaieai aeey i?eiyoey ?aoaiey ia i?iaaaeaiea yaaeoaoeee yaeyaony
iaee/ea oa?icu caei?iaueth ethaeae. A caaeneiinoe io o?aaiaaiee e
n?i/iinoe i?eiyoey ?aoaiey ia i?iaaaeaiea yaaeoaoeee e iaeeaeaaiuo
ianooaaia /?acau/aeiie neooaoeee yaaeoaoeey iiaeao iauyaeyoueny
i?aaenaaeaoaeai Eiiennee ii /?acau/aeiui neooaoeeyi, ia/aeueieeii
a?aaeaeaineie iai?iiu aaeieieno?aoeaii-oa??eoi?eaeueiie aaeeieoeu, ia
oa??eoi?ee eioi?ie aicieeea iianiinoue, anee niioaaonoaothuay eiienney
ia nicaeaia. A neo/ayo, o?aaothueo i?eiyoey aacioeaaaoaeueiiai ?aoaiey,
oeacaiea ia i?iaaaeaiea yaaeoaoeee iiaeao auoue ioaeaii e aeeniao/a?ii
iianiiai oaoiiaaiiiai iauaeoa. ?ann?aaeioi/aiea e yaaeoaoeey ?aai/eo,
neoaeaueo e eo naiae, inouanoaeyaony ii i?iecaiaenoaaiiiio i?eioeeio
ia/aeueieeaie AI i?aaei?eyoee (o.a. ii i?aaei?eyoeyi, o/?aaeaeaieyi,
i?aaiecaoeeyi), ia eioi?ua aiceaaaaony ioaaonoaaiiinoue ca i?iaaaeaiea
yaaeoaoeee.
Yaaeoaoeey ia?aaioathuaai ianaeaiey i?iecaiaeeony ii oa??eoi?eaeueiiio
i?eioeeio (o.a. ii ianoo aeeoaeuenoaa) e i?aaiecoaony ai?iaeneeie
yaaeieiienneyie niaianoii n AEYO, AEEE, ?YO. Ianoa ?ann?aaeioi/aiey e
yaaeoaoeee ii?aaeaeaiu ca?aiaa. Iai?eia?, aeey a. No?aooa – yoi a.
Eiaaeui e a. Iaooathaaine – aeey yaaeoaoeee. ?aeii Eyioi?a e ae?oaeo
ianaeaiiuo ioieoia – aeey ?ann?aaeioi/aiey.
?ann?aaeioi/aiea e yaaeoaoeey iiaeao i?iaiaeeoueny iaoei ii?yaeeii, n
eniieueciaaieai o?ainii?oiuo n?aaenoa, a oaeaea eiiaeie?iaaiiui
niiniaii. Aeae o?ainii?oa, caaeaenoaiaaiiue aeey yaaeoaoeee iiaeao auoue
naiui ?aciiia?aciui: aaoio?ainii?o, aeaeaciiaei?iaeiue, aiaeiue e ee/iue
o?ainii?o. O/eouaay eeeiaoe/aneea oneiaey ai?iaea No?aooa, ianaeaiea
ai?iaea aoaeao yaaeoe?iaaoueny a iniiaiii aaoi- e aeaeaciiaei?iaeiui
o?ainii?oii. Eniieueciaaiea aiaeiiai e ee/iiai o?ainii?oa ia
oeaeaniia?acii, oaeaea eae e auaiae ianaeaiey iaoei ii?yaeeii.
Aaoio?ainii?o – a aieueoeinoaa neo/aaa eniieuecoaony aeey auaica
yaaeoe?oaiuo ia aieueoea ?annoiyiey. I?e ia?aaiceao aaoio?ainii?oii
iiieii iannaaee?neeo aaoiaonia i?eiaiythony i?eniiniaeaiiua aeey
ia?aaicee ethaeae a?ociaua aaoiiiaeee. Iiauoathony ii?iu caa?ocee
aaoio?ainii?oiuo n?aaenoa. Aaoio?ainii?o naiaeeony a eieiiiu ii 25-30
iaoei.
Aeey auaica ianaeaiey ii aeaeaciie aei?iaa eniieuecothony ia oieueei
iannaaee?neea ae/ae ninoaau, ii ?acee/iua n?aaenoaa, iau/ii ia
i?eiaiyaiua a ii?iaeueiuo oneiaeyo aeey ia?aaicee ethaeae (oiaa?iua
aaaiiu, iieoaaaiiu, ieaooi?iu e ae?.). I?aaeoniao?eaaaony aieaa ieioiay
caa?ocea aaaiiia, a oaeaea oaaee/aiea aeeeiu iiacaeia.
Iiiaauaiea ?aai/eo e neoaeaueo i?aaei?eyoee i?iaiaeeony ?oeiaiaeeoaeyie
iauaeoia, eae oieueei iie iieo/ao ?anii?yaeaiea ia i?iaaaeaiea
yaaeiia?ii?eyoee ni ooaaa AI e *N. I?e yoii aeieaeii auoue oeacaii: 1. e
eaeiio a?aiaie i?eauoue ia NYI; 2. eaeei o?ainii?oii aoaeao i?aaieciaaia
ioi?aaea a caai?iaeioth ciio; 3. ?aeii ?aciauaiey a caai?iaeiie ciia.
2 YAAEOAOeEIIIUA I?AAIU
Aeey iaiin?aaenoaaiiie iiaeaioiaee, ieaie?iaaiey e i?iaaaeaiey
yaaeoaoeeiiiuo ia?ii?eyoee ?aoaieyie ia/aeueieeia A?aaeaeaineie iai?iiu
oa??eoi?eaeueiuo e io?aneaauo (iauaeoiauo) i?aaiiiia oi?aaeaiey
nicaeathony yaaeoaoeeiiiua i?aaiu, eioi?ua ?aaioatho ai acaeiiaeaenoaee
n niioaaonoaothueie i?aaiaie oi?aaeaiey AI*N e neoaeaaie a?aaeaeaineie
iai?iiu.
Caaeaaia?aiaiii (a ie?iia a?aiy) oi?ie?othony neaaeothuea yaaeii?aaiu:
– yaaeoaoeeiiiua eiiennee – ?anioaeeeaineea, e?aaaua, iaeanoiua,
ai?iaeneea, ?aeiiiua a ai?iaeao e ae?oaeo ianaeaiiuo ioieoao e
iauaeoiaua;
– nai?iua yaaeoaoeeiiiua ioieou (NYI) – ai?iaeneea e iauaeoiaua;
– yaaeoaoeeiiiua i?eaiiua eiiennee – i?e i?aaiao ianoiiai
naiioi?aaeaiey;
– i?iiaaeooi/iua ioieou yaaeoaoeee (IIY);
– i?eaiiua yaaeoaoeeiiiua ioieou (IYI);
– iia?aoeaiua a?oiiu (IA) – ii i?aaiecaoeee auciaa yaaeiianaeaiey;
– a?oiiu oi?aaeaiey ia ia?o?ooao iaoae yaaeoaoeee;
– aaeieieno?aoeey ioieoia iinaaeee (aunaaeee) ianaeaiey ia o?ainii?o (n
o?ainii?oa).
Yaaeoaoeeiiiua i?aaiu a i?aeoe/aneie aeayoaeueiinoe ?oeiaiaenoaothony
oaaea?aeueiui caeiiii «I a?aaeaeaineie iai?iia», ae?oaeie ii?iaoeaiuie
i?aaiauie aeoaie i?aaiia eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe e ?aeiiaiaeaoeeyie
niioaaonoaothueo i?aaiia oi?aaeaiey AI*N. Oa??eoi?eaeueiua
yaaeoaoeeiiiua e yaaeii?eaiiua eiiennee aicaeaaeythony caianoeoaeyie
?oeiaiaeeoaeae i?aaiia eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe noauaeoia ?O e i?aaiia
ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey, io?aneaaua (iauaeoiaua) yaaeoaoeeiiiua eiiennee
– caianoeoaeyie ?oeiaiaeeoaeae io?aneae (iauaeoia) yeiiiieee.
A ninoaa yaaeoaoeeiiiuo e yaaeii?eaiiuo eiiennee iacia/athony eeoea
?oeiaiaeyuaai ninoaaa aaeieieno?aoeee (aeaia?oaiaioia, oi?aaeaiee,
neoaea, ioaeaeia), o?ainii?oiuo i?aaiia, i?aaiia ia?iaeiiai ia?aciaaiey,
nioeeaeueiiai iaania/aiey, cae?aaiio?aiaiey, aioo?aiieo aeae, nayce,
i?aaenoaaeoaee aiaiiuo eiienna?eaoia, i?aaiia oi?aaeaiey AI*N.
Yaaeoaoeeiiiay eiienney iauaeoa caieiaaony anaie aii?inaie ii
i?aaiecaoeee ?ann?aaeioi/aiey e yaaeoaoeee ?aai/eo e neoaeaueo. Ia
eaaeaeii i?aaei?eyoee, a o/?aaeaeaiee: ?YO caaeaaia?aiaiii ninoaaeyao
yaaeoaoeeiiiua nienee, eioi?ua n ianii?oaie yaeythony iniiaiuie
aeieoiaioaie aeey o/aoa, ?aciauaiey e iaania/aiey a ?aeiiao ?annaeaiey.
3 II?ssAeIE I?IAAAeAIEss YAAEOAOeEE.
AeAENOAEss IANAEAIEss I?E YAAEOAOeEE
Yaaeoaoeey i?iaiaeeony a e?io/aeoea n?iee iinea aa iauyaeaiey. Aeey
inouanoaeaiey yoiai ia?ii?eyoey eniieuecothony ana aeaeu o?ainii?oa, ia
caiyoiai iaioeiaeiuie i?iecaiaenoaaiiuie e oicyenoaaiiuie ia?aaiceaie. N
iieo/aieai ?anii?yaeaiey ia i?iaaaeaiea yaaeoaoeee ia/aeueieee e i?aaiu
oi?aaeaiey AI ai?iaea (?aeiia) niaianoii n yaaeoaoeeiiiuie eiienneyie e
neoaeaaie AI a niioaaonoaee n ii?aaeaeaiiuie ieaiaie i?iaiaeyo
iiiaauaiea ?oeiaiaeeoaeae i?aaei?eyoee, o/?aaeaeaiee, o/aaiuo
caaaaeaiee, aeiiioi?aaeaiee e oae aeaeaa, a /a?ac ieo – ?aai/eo,
neoaeaueo, eo naiae e anaai inoaeueiiai ianaeaiey i a?aiaie i?eauoey ia
nai?iua yaaeiioieou aeey yaaeoaoeee.
Aeey iiiaauaiey ianaeaiey eniieuecothony ono?ienoaa ?acee/iiai ?iaea, a
oaeaea n?aaenoaa ianniaie eioi?iaoeee – ?aaeei, oaeaaeaeaiea, ia/aoue e
o.ae. Aeey /aoeiai e naiaa?aiaiiiai i?iaaaeaiey yaaeoaoeee e
?ann?aaeioi/aiey a ai?iaeao nicaeathony nai?iua yaaeoaoeeiiiua ioieou
(NYI). NYI i?aaeiacia/aiu aeey nai?a, ?aaeno?aoeee e i?aaieciaaiiie
ioi?aaee ianaeaiey. Eae i?aaeei, NYI ?aciauathony a eeoaao, eeiioaao?ao,
aeai?oeao eoeueoo?u, oeieao e ae?oaeo iauanoaaiiuo caeaieyo, aaeece
aeaeaciiaei?iaeiuo ieaooi?i, ii?oia e i?enoaiae, e eioi?ui
i?eienuaathony ?aai/ea, neoaeauea aeeaeaeoeo i?aaei?eyoee, i?aaiecaoeee,
o/aaiuo caaaaeaiee e /eaiu eo naiae, a oaeaea ianaeaiea, i?iaeeaathuaa a
aeiiao ?YO, ?aniieiaeaiiuo a yoii ?aeiia.
?ann?aaeioi/aiea ?aai/eo e neoaeaueo a caai?iaeioth ciio i?iecaiaeeony
oaeaea n NYIia. ?ann?aaeioi/aiea ?aai/eo e neoaeaueo i?iecaiaeeony ia
?annoiyiee 2-o /aniaiai ia?aacaea io ai?iaea aei ianoa ?aciauaiey.
Iaoiaeynue ia NYI anai neaaeoao aieiaoaeueii neooaoue ?anii?yaeaiey
i?aaiia AI e *N. Ethaee ia NYI aeieaeiu iaoiaeeoueny ia aieaa 1 /ana.
Oniao yaaeoaoeee ai iiiaii aoaeao caaenaoue io naiiai ianaeaiey – io aai
i?aaieciaaiiinoe, aeenoeeieeie?iaaiiinoe e iiaeaioiaeaiiinoe e yoiio
ia?ii?eyoeth. Ociaa i i?aaenoiyuae yaaeoaoeee, a?aaeaeaia aeieaeiu
iaiaaeeaiii iiaeaioiaeoueny e auacaeo (auoiaeo) ca ai?iae: nia?aoue
iaiaoiaeeiua aaue, iiaeaioiaeoue n?aaenoaa eiaeeaeaeoaeueiie caueou
(iaycaoaeueii n?aaenoaa caueou i?aaiia aeuoaiey), aeieoiaiou e aeaiueae;
a eaa?oe?a (aeiia) niyoue aa?aeeiu e caiaaane n ieii, oa?aoue a
caoaiaiiua ianoa eaaeiainieaiaiythueany i?aaeiaou (aaue), iaiaoiaeeii
ioeeth/eoue aac, yeaeo?ii?eai?u.
Ec aauae aa?aony naiia iaiaoiaeeiia – iaeaaeaea, iaoaue, aaeuea. A
eiiieaeoa iaeaaeaeu aeaeaoaeueii eiaoue ieau e nii?oeaiue einothi;
iaoaue i?aaeii/oeoaeueii aeieaeia auoue ?aceiiaay eee ia ?aceiiaie
iniiaa. Yoe aeaeu iaeaaeaeu e iaoae iaeaieaa i?eaiaeiu aeey
eniieueciaaiey a ea/anoaa n?aaenoa caueou eiaee a neo/aa
?aaeeiaeoeaiiai, oeie/aneiai eee aaeoa?eieiae/aneiai ca?aaeaiey.
Iaycaoaeueii neaaeoao acyoue oaieua (oa?noyiua) aaue, aeaaea anee
yaaeoaoeey i?iecaiaeeony eaoii.
Iaiaoiaeeii oaeaea acyoue n niaie i?iaeoeou ieoaiey e iaiiiai ieoueaaie
aiaeu. I?iaeoeou ieoaiey aa?oony ia 2-3 nooie, eo/oa a?aoue ia
nei?iii?oyueany i?iaeoeou, eaaei nio?aiyaiua e ia o?aaothuea
aeeeoaeueiie iiaeaioiaee ia?aae oiio?aaeaieai – eiina?au, eiioeaio?aou,
nooa?e e o.ae. Aiaeo oeaeaniia?acii o?aieoue ai oeyaeea.
Eiee/anoai aauae e i?iaeoeoia ieoaiey aeieaeii auoue ?ann/eoaii ia oi,
/oi /aeiaaeo i?eaeaony ianoe eo naiiio. I?e yaaeoaoeee ia o?ainii?oiuo
n?aaenoaao iauay ianna aauae e i?iaeoeoia ieoaiey aeieaeia ninoaaeyoue
i?eia?ii 50 ea ia ac?ineiai /aeiaaea; i?e yaaeoaoeee iaoei ii?yaeeii iia
iiaeao auoue cia/eoaeueii iaiueoa – a niioaaonoaee n oece/aneie
auiineeainoueth eaaeaeiai /aeiaaea.
Ana aaue e i?iaeoeou ieoaiey aeieaeiu auoue oiaeiaaiu a ?thecaee, iaoee,
noiee, /aiiaeaiu eee naycaiu a oceu. I?e yaaeoaoeee iaoei ii?yaeeii eo
neaaeoao oiaeiauaaoue a ?thecaee e aauaaua iaoee, /oiau oaeiaiaa auei
ianoe. E eaaeaeiio ianoo n aauaie e i?iaeoeoaie ieoaiey i?ee?aieyaony
ae?ea n oaieeeae, eiaiai e io/anoaii, aae?anaie iinoiyiiiai ianoa
aeeoaeuenoaa eiia/iiai ioieoa yaaeoaoeee eo aeaaeaeueoea.
Ec aeieoiaioia ac?ineua aeieaeiu eiaoue i?e naaa: ianii?o, aiaiiue
aeeao, o?oaeiaoth eieaeeo eee iaineiiiia oaeinoiaa?aiea, aeeieii
(aooanoao) ia ieii/aiee o/aaiiai caaaaeaiey, naeaeaoaeuenoai i a?aea e
?iaeaeaiee aeaoae.
Niioaaonoaothuei ia?acii iaiaoiaeeii iiaeaioiaeoue e yaaeoaoeee aeaoae.
Iiaeae?ay iaeaaeaeo e iaoaue aeey aeaoae, ioaeii o/eouaaoue eo caueoiua
naienoaa e a?aiy aiaea. Aeey aeaoae aei 3 eao neaaeoao caianoe aeaoneea
i?iaeoeou, eioi?uo a ioieoao ieoaiey iiaeao ia auoue, – aeaoneia
ieoaiea, nooia iieiei, eiina?ae?iaaiiua niee e o.ae.; aeey aeaoae
aeioeieueiiai e ieaaeoaai oeieueiiai aic?anoa ec i?iaeoeoia ieoaiey
eo/oa anaai a?aoue eiina?au, eiioeaio?aou, nu?u, nooa?e, ia/aiuea e
ae?oaea ia nei?iii?oyueany i?iaeoeou, a oaeaea oeyao n eeiy/aiie aiaeie.
Ana i?iaeoeou aeieaeiu auoue oiaeiaaiu a oeaeeioaiiaua iaeaou.
Aeioeieueieeai iaiaoiaeeii, iiaeaioiaeoue eo ethaeiua ea?ooeo e eieao. E
/aiiaeaiai (?thecaeaie) n aauaie e i?iaeoeoaie ieoaiey yaaeoe?oaiuo
aeaoae iaaei i?ee?aieoue ae?ee, ia eioi?uo ?acai?/eai iaienaoue
oaieeeth, eiy e io/anoai ?aaaiea, aeiiaoiee aae?an e ioieo yaaeoaoeee.
Aiaeiae/iua iaoee ioaeii naeaeaoue aeaoyi aeioeieueiiai aic?anoa: ai
aioo?aiiee ea?iai oie iaeaaeaeu, a eioi?ie iie iau/ii oiaeyo, neaaeoao
aeiaeeoue ea?oi/eo n oeacaieai eiaie, io/anoaa e oaieeee ?aaaiea, aiaea
?iaeaeaiey, ianoi aeeoaeuenoaa e ianoa ?aaiou iooea eee iaoa?e; aua
eo/oa iaienaoue yoe naaaeaiey ia eoni/ea aaeie iaoa?ee e iiaeoeoue aai n
aioo?aiiae noi?iiu iaeaaeaeu ?aaaiea iiae ai?ioieeii. Nai? ianaeaiey
aeey yaaeoaoeee i?iaiaeeony ca 4 /ana. Yaaeoaoeey ?ann/eoaia ia ianyoe.
Ai?iae yaaeoe?oaony ca nooee. Aaoiaonu aoaeoo eo?ne?iaaoue ii ai?iaeo n
oaaee/eaie NYI?___.
Iinaaeeo ia aaoiiiaeee, noaea, a aaaiiu i?aaiecotho noa?oa yoeo
o?ainii?oiuo n?aaenoa. Anee /aeiaae caaieae, ii aeieaeai, /a?ac
?iaenoaaiieeia eee ninaaeae, niiaueoue a AEYO, /oiau aai auaacee. Anee
aieueiie iaoiaeeony a iaaeeoeeineii o/?aaeaeaiee, oi iie yaaeoe?othony n
yoei o/?aaeaeaieai. I?eaua ia NYI, iaiaoiaeeii iieoe a ?aaeno?aoeeth,
caoai niaeanii ?ani?aaeaeaieth iai?aaeoueny aeey ioauoey ii aaaiiai,
aaoiaonai.
?AN*AO IIO?AAIINOE AAOIAONIA AeEss YAAEOAOeEE IANAEAIEss
?
i/i yoaaeiinoue
aeiia
iiaeuacae eie-ai
yaaeoe?oaiiai
ianaeaiey iaiaoiaeeiia
eiee/anoai
aaoiaonia1.9 yoaaeae1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10108
216
324
432
540
648
756
864
972
10802
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
202.5 yoaaeae1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1060
120
180
240
300
360
420
480
540
6001
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
4 INIIAIUA CAAeA*E YAAEOAOeEIIIIE EIIENNEE
AAeIEIENO?AOEAII-OA??EOI?EAEUeIIAI CAAIA
1. Iiaeaea?aeaiea nayce n iiae/eiaiiuie yaaeoaoeeiiiuie i?aaiaie e
o?ainii?oiuie neoaeaaie, eiio?ieue oiaea iiiaauaiey ianaeaiey e iiaea/e
o?ainii?oa ia ioieou iinaaeee.
2. ?oeiaiaenoai ?aaioie iiae/eiaiiuo yaaeoaoeeiiiuo eiiennee ii nai?o
yaaeoe?oaiiai ianaeaiey e ioi?aaea aai a aaciianiua ?aeiiu.
3. Inouanoaeaiea aeieeaaea yaaeii?eaiiui eiienneyi i eiee/anoaa
auaiaeeiiai (auaiceiiai) ianaeaiey ii a?aiaie e aeaeai o?ainii?oa.
4. Nai? e iaiauaiea aeaiiuo i oiaea yaaeoaoeee ianaeaiey, aeieeaae eo
ia/aeueieeo AI e auoanoiyuei yaaeoaoeeiiiui i?aaiai.
5. I?aaiecaoeey ia?aii/a?aaeiiai aeeciaiaania/aiey e caueou ianaeaiey.
5 INIIAIUA CAAeA*E YAAEOAOeEIIIIE EIIENNEE IAUAEOA
YEIIIIEEE
1. Iiiaauaiea ?aai/eo e neoaeaueo iauaeoa i ia/aea yaaeoaoeee, a?aiaie
i?eauoey eo e /eaiia eo naiae ia NYI.
2. Iinoaiiaea caaea/e ia/aeueieeai yoaeiiia, noa?oei ii aaoieieiiiai,
a?o/aiea ei nieneia yaaeiianaeaiey, aioaaeoaai a ninoaa eieiiiu
(yoaeiia).
3. Iiaeaea?aeaiea acaeiiaeaenoaey n o?ainii?oiuie i?aaiaie,
auaeaeythueie o?ainii?oiua n?aaenoaa aeey auaica ?aai/eo, neoaeaueo
iauaeoia e /eaiia eo naiae a aaciianiue ?aeii (aia ciiu aeaenoaey
ii?aaeathueo oaeoi?ia enoi/ieea *N).
4. Aaaeaiea o/aoa e aeieeaae ia/aeueieeo a?aaeaeaineie iai?iiu iauaeoa e
?aeiiiie (ai?iaeneie) yaaeieiiennee i eiee/anoaa auaacaiiuo a aaciianiue
?aeii (aia ciiu aeaenoaey ii?aaeathueo oaeoi?ia *N) ?aai/eo, neoaeaueo e
/eaiia naiae (ii a?aiaie, aeaeai o?ainii?oa).
5. Iaania/aiea caueou ianaeaiey ia NYI, ioieoao iinaaeee, ia IIY.
6. Iiaeaea?aeeaaao acaeiiaeaenoaea n yaaeii?eaiiuie eiienneyie a
aaciianiii ?aeiia (aia ciiu aeaenoaey ii?aaeathueo oaeoi?ia enoi/ieea
*N). I?e iaiaoiaeeiinoe aunueaao ooaea naieo i?aaenoaaeoaeae.
6 CAIIEIAIEA CAUEOIIAI NII?OAEAIEss E
I?AAEEA IIAAAeAIEss A IAI
Ianaeaiea oe?uaaaony a caueoiuo nii?oaeaieyo a neo/aa aaa?ee ia AYN,
oeie/aneii i?aaei?eyoee, i?e noeoeeiuo aaaenoaeyo (nia?/, o?aaai) e
aicieeiiaaiee aiaiiuo eiioeeeoia. Caiieiyoue oaaaeeua iaaei
i?aaieciaaiii e auno?i. Eaaeaeue aeieaeai ciaoue ianoi?aniieiaeaiea
cae?aieaiiiai nii?oaeaiey e iooe iiaeoiaea e iaio.
Ia?o?oou aeaeaeaiey aeaeaoaeueii iaicia/aoue oeacaoaeyie, onoaiiaeaiiuie
ia aeaeeiuo ianoao. *oiau ia aeiionoeoue neiieaiey ethaeae a iaeiii
ianoa e ?acaeaeeoue iioiee, ia iooyo aeaeaeaiey iau/ii iacia/atho
ianeieueei ia?o?ooia, ?an/euatho oa??eoi?eth, inaiaiaeaeatho io anaai,
/oi iiaeao neoaeeoue iiiaoie.
A oaaaeeua eo/oa anaai ?aciauaoue ethaeae a?oiiaie – ii oeaoai,
a?eaaaeai, o/?aaeaeaieyi, aeiiai, oeeoeai, iaicia/ea niioaaonoaothuea
ianoa oeaceaie. A eaaeaeie a?oiia iacia/atho noa?oaai. Oao, eoi i?eaue n
aeaoueie, ?aciauatho a ioaeaeueiuo ionaeao eee niaoeeaeueii ioaaaeaiiuo
ianoao. I?anoa?aeuo e aieueiuo noa?athony ono?ieoue iiaeeaea e
aicaeooi?acaiaeyuei aaioeeyoeeiiiui o?oaai.
A oaaaeeua (oe?uoee) ethaee aeieaeiu i?eoiaeeoue ni n?aaenoaaie
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiie caueou, i?iaeoeoaie ieoaiey e ee/iuie aeieoiaioaie.
Iaeuecy i?eiineoue n iniaie a?iiicaeeea aaue, neeueiiiaoiouea e
ainieaiaiythueany aauanoaa, i?eaiaeeoue aeiiaoieo aeeaioiuo. A caueoiii
nii?oaeaiee cai?auaaony oiaeeoue aac iaaeiaiinoe, ooiaoue, eo?eoue,
auoiaeeoue ia?oaeo aac ?ac?aoaiey eiiaiaeaioa (noa?oaai),
naiinoiyoaeueii aeeth/aoue e aueeth/aoue yeaeo?iinaauaiea, eiaeaia?iua
aa?aaaou, ioe?uaaoue caueoiua aa?iaoe/iua aeaa?e, a oaeaea caaeeaaoue
ea?ineiiaua eaiiu, naa/e, oiia?e. Aaa?eeiua enoi/ieee inaauaiey
i?eiaiythony oieueei n ?ac?aoaiey eiiaiaeaioa oe?uoey ia ia?aie/aiiia
a?aiy a neo/aa e?aeiae iaiaoiaeeiinoe. A oaaaeeua iiaeii /eoaoue,
neooaoue ?aaeei, aanaaeiaaoue, ea?aoue a oeoea ea?u (oaoee, oaoiaou,
nia?aiaiiua yeaeo?iiiua ea?u).
Oe?uaaaiua aeieaeiu no?iai auiieiyoue ana ?anii?yaeaiey caaia ii
ianeoaeeaaieth oaaaeeua (oe?uoey), niaethaeaoue i?aaeea aioo?aiiaai
?anii?yaeea, ieacuaaoue iiiiuue aieueiui, eiaaeeaeai, aeaiueiai e
aeaoyi.
I?eai ieue aeaeaoaeueii i?iecaiaeeoue oiaaea, eiaaea aaioeeyoeey
ioeeth/aia. I?aaeii/oeoaeueiaa i?iaeoeou aac ino?uo caiaoia e ii
aiciiaeiinoe a caueoiie oiaeiaea (a ia?aaiaioiie aoiaaa, oeaeeioaia,
?acee/iiai aeaea eiina?au). ?aeiiaiaeoaony neaaeothuee iaai? aeey
aeiaaiie ii?iu ieoaiey ac?ineiai /aeiaaea: nooa?e, ia/aiuea, aaeaou a
aoiaaeiie eee oeaeeioaiiaie oiaeiaea, iyniua eee ?uaiua eiina?au,
aioiaua e oiio?aaeaieth, eiioaou, naoa? ?aoeiaae).
Aeey aeaoae, o/eouaay eo aic?ano e ninoiyiea caei?iauey, eo/oa a?aoue
naouaiiia iieiei, o?oeou, o?oeoiaua iaieoee.
Aeey anao oe?uaaaiuo, ca eneeth/aieai aeaoae, aieueiuo e neaauo, ia
a?aiy i?aauaaiey a caueoiii nii?oaeaiee neaaeoao onoaiiaeoue
ii?aaeaeaiiue ii?yaeie i?eaia ieue, iai?eia?, 2-3 ?aca a nooee, e a yoi
a?aiy ?acaeaaaoue aiaeo, anee iia eeieoe?iaaia.
Iaaeeoeeineia ianeoaeeaaiea i?iaiaeeony neeaie naieoa?iuo iinoia e
iaaeioieoia i?aaei?eyoee, i?aaiecaoeee e o/?aaeaeaiee, a /ueai
?anii?yaeaiee iaoiaeeony oaaaeeua. Caeanue iiaoo i?eaiaeeony iaauee
ieacaiey naiiiiiiue e acaeiiiiiiue.
A niioaaonoaee n i?aaeeaie oaoieee aaciianiinoe cai?auaaony i?eeanaoueny
e yeaeo?iiai?oaeiaaieth, aaeeiiai ni naeaoui aicaeooii e eenei?iaeii,
aoiaeeoue a iiiauaiey, aaea onoaiiaeaiu aeecaeueiay yeaeo?inoaioeee e
oeeueo?iaaioeeyoeeiiiue aa?aaao. Iaeiaei a neo/aa iaiaoiaeeiinoe
eiiaiaeaio iiaeao i?eaea/ue ethaiai ec oe?uaaaiuo e ?aaioai ii
ono?aiaieth eaeeo-eeai iaeni?aaiinoae, iiaeaea?aeaieth /enoiou e
ii?yaeea.
Iinea caiieiaiey oaaaeeua ii ?anii?yaeaieth eiiaiaeaioa ee/iue ninoaa
caaia cae?uaaao caueoii-aa?iaoe/aneea aeaa?e, noaaie aaa?eeiuo auoiaeia
e ?aaoee?iai/iua caaeooee auoyaeiie aaioeeyoeee, aeeth/aao
oeeueo?iaaioeeyoeeiiiue aa?aaao ia ?aaeei /enoie aaioeeyoeee.
Aeey ii?iaeueiuo oneiaee aioo?e oaaaeeua iaiaoiaeeii iiaeaea?aeeaaoue
ii?aaeaeaiioth oaiia?aoo?o e aeaaeiinoue. Ceiie oaiia?aoo?a ia aeieaeia
i?aauoaoue 10-15? oaiea, eaoii 25-30?. Ecia?ytho iau/iui oa?iiiao?ii,
aea?aea aai ia ?annoiyiee 1 iao?a io iiea e 2 iao?a io noai. Caia?u
aeaeatho i?e ?aaeeia /enoie aaioeeyoeee /a?ac eaaeaeua 4 /ana, i?e
?aaeeia oeeueo?i-aaioeeyoeee – /a?ac 2 /ana. Aeaaeiinoue aicaeooa
ii?aaeaeytho ineo?iiao?ii eaaeaeua 4 /ana. Ii?iaeueiie n/eoaaony
aeaaeiinoue ia auoa 65-70%.
Anee a oaaaeeua i?aaenoieo iaoiaeeoueny aeeeoaeueiia a?aiy, iaiaoiaeeii
nicaeaoue ethaeyi oneiaey aeey ioaeuoa.
Oai?ea iiiauaiey i?iecaiaeeony aeaa ?aca a nooee naieie oe?uaaaiuie ii
oeacaieth noa?oeo a?oii. I?e yoii naieoa?iua oceu iaycaoaeueii
ia?aaaouaathony 0,5% ?anoai?ii niee aeiioei?eoa eaeueoeey.
Oaoie/aneea iiiauaiey oae?aao ee/iue ninoaa caaia ii ianeoaeeaaieth
oaaaeeua.
A neo/aa iaia?oaeaiey i?iieeiiaaiey aianoa n aicaeooii yaeiaeouo eee
io?aaeythueo aauanoa oe?uaaaiua iaiaaeeaiii iaaeaaatho n?aaenoaa caueou
i?aaiia aeuoaiey, a oaaaeeua ia?aaiaeeony ia ?aaeei oeeueo?iaaioeeyoeee.
I?e aicieeiiaaiee aaeece oaaaeeua iiaea?ia eee ia?aciaaiee iianiuo
eiioeaio?aoeee AOIA caueoiia nii?oaeaiea ia?aaiaeyo ia ?aaeei iieiie
ecieyoeee e aeeth/atho onoaiiaeo ?aaaia?aoeee aicaeooa, anee oaeay
eiaaony. A?aiy i?aauaaiey ianaeaiey a caueoiuo nii?oaeaieyo
ii?aaeaeyaony ooaaaie AI iauaeoia. Iie onoaiaaeeaatho, e?iia oiai,
ii?yaeie aeaenoaey e i?aaeea iiaaaeaiey i?e auoiaea ec oaaaeeu e
oe?uoee. Yoio ii?yaeie e i?aaeea iiaaaeaiey ia?aaeathony a caueoiia
nii?oaeaiea ii oaeaoiio eee ae?oaei aiciiaeiui niiniaii.
Auoiae ec oaaaeeua (oe?uoey) i?iecaiaeeony ii oeacaieth eiiaiaee?a caaia
ianeoaeeaaiey iinea niioaaonoaothuaai neaiaea eee a neo/aa aaa?eeiiai
ninoiyiey nii?oaeaiey, oa?iaeathuaai aeecie ethaeae.
Nienie eeoa?aoo?u
1. O/aaiee «A?aaeaeaineay iai?iia», A.A.Aoaiaithe, E.A.Oe?oaa,
I.E.Aeeiia.
2. «A?aaeaeaineay iai?iia» I.E.Aeeiia, I.E.Aaneeaaneee,
E.Ae.Ia?eia,
E.I.?oniai, I.I.Oiiia, -I:1969.
3. Eiiniaeo eaeoeee ii i?aaeiaoo AAEAe (Aaciianiinoue
aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe)
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