38. Yaaeoaoeey.
Yaaeoaoeey. – i?aaieciaaiiue auaic eee auaiae ec ai?iaeia e aaaeiuo
iauaeoia i?e oa?ica iaiaaeaiey i?ioeaieea eee iianiinoe ?aaeeaoeeiiiiai,
oeie/aneiai, aaeoa?eieiae/aneiai ca?aaeaiey ianoiinoe iao?oaeiniiniaiiai
e ia?aaioathuaai ianaeaiey, aeaoneeo e o/aaiuo o/?aaeaeaiee. Yoi iaeei
ec niiniaia caueou ianaeaiey n oeaeueth naaaeaiey iioa?ue aei ieieioia.
A /enoii aeaea yaaeoaoeey auiieiyaony ?aaeei e ni/aoaaony n ae?oaeie
caueoiuie ia?ii?eyoeyie: oe?uoeai, i?iaaaeaieai i?ioeai?aaeeaoeeiiiuo,
iaaeeoeeineeo, i?ioeaiiiaea?iuo e eiaeaia?iuo ?aaio.
Eie-ai ethaeae, iiaeeaaeaueo yaaeoaoeee, eaaeaeue ?ac ii?aaeaeyaony
ianoiuie i?aaiaie aeanoe, enoiaey ec oneiaee, oa?aeoa?a e ianooaaia
aiciiaeiie iianiinoe.
?ann?aaeioi/aiea – yoi i?aaieciaaiiue auaic ?aai/eo e neoaeaueo
naiaiaeiie niaiu iauaeoia, i?iaeieaeathueo ?aaioo a e?oiiuo ai?iaeao, a
caai?iaeioth ciio aeey i?iaeeaaiey e ioaeuoa. I?e ?ann?aaeioi/aiee
i?aaeoniao?eaaaony ?aaioa a ai?iaea, ioaeuo a caai?iaeiie ciia.
?ann?aaeioi/aiea ?aai/eo e neoaeaueo e yaaeoaoeey ianaeaiey
i?iecaiaeyony ii ?aoaieth I?aceaeaioa ?innee eee Ia/aeueieea AI ?innee.
?ann?aaeioi/aiea e yaaeoaoeey iiaoo i?iaiaeeoueny iaeiia?aiaiii eee
iineaaeiaaoaeueii, a a ioaeaeueiuo neo/ayo e caaeaaia?aiaiii.
?ann?aaeioi/aiea e e yaaeoaoeey ?aai/eo, neoaeaueo e /eaiia eo naiae
i?aaiecoaony e i?iaiaeeony ii i?iecaiaenoaaiiiio i?eioeeio, o.a. ii
eeiee iauaeoia, a yaaeoaoeey – ii oa??eoi?eaeueiiio.
Niiniau ?ann?aaeioi/aiey e yaaeoaoeee – iaoei ii?yaeeii, o?ainii?oiue,
eiiaeie?iaaiiue (iaoee + o?ainii?oiue niinia).
O?ainii?oii i?aaeoniao?eaaaony auaic neaaeothueo eaoaai?ee ianaeaiey:
?aai/ea e neoaeauea aeaenoaothueo iauaeoia, a oaeaea i?aaiia
ainoaea?noaaiiiai oi?aaeaiey; aieueiua e i?anoa?aeua; aeaiueiu n
aeaoueie aei 10 eao; ethaee, iaoiaeyueany a ea/aaiuo o/?aaeaeaieyo,
oeieao-eioa?iaoao, aeaoneeo aeiiao.
44. ?aoeeiiaeueiia ieoaiea. Ii?aaeaeaiea. I?eioeeiu.
?aoeeiiaeueiia ieoaiea – ieoaiea, eioi?ia iaania/eaaao iieiioeaiiia
?acaeoea.
I?eioeeiu ?aoeeiiaeueiiai ieoaiey: i?aaeeueiia niioiioaiea ieue e cao?ao
yia?aee; niioaaonoaea niaea?aeaiey a ieua aaeeia, aee?ia, oaeaaiaeia
aic?anoo e ninoiyieth /aeiaaea; i?aaeeueiia niioiioaiea aaeeia,
aee?ia, oaeaaiaeia iaaeaeo niaie (1:1:4); aeinoaoi/iia niaea?aeaiea a
ieua aeoaieiia e ieia?aeueiuo aauanoa; ?aaeei ieoaiey (?aaoey?iinoue e
e?aoiinoue i?eaia ieue).
Iio?aaiinoue /aeiaaea a yia?aee caaeneo io eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo
iniaaiiinoae iiea, aic?anoa, ?inoa, iannu oaea, o?iaiy iaiaiiuo
i?ioeannia, a oaeaea io oece/aneie iaa?ocee, oa?aeoa?a ineoe/aneie
aeayoaeueiinoe, caiyoey nii?oii, eeeiaoe/aneeo oneiaee e ae?.
Aeaaea i?e ioiineoaeueiii iieia aeey iiaeaea?aeaiey iniiaiuo ooieoeee –
?aaiou na?aeoea, eaaeeo, ?aaoee?iaaiey oaiia?aoo?u oaea – iaiaoiaeei
i?eoie yia?aee.
I?aaeea, iaania/eaathuea ?aoeeiiaeueiia ieoaiea n o/aoii ia?aca aeecie:
1. Ieoaiea aeieaeii auoue ?aciiia?aciui. Ieua aeieaeia aeeth/aoue a naay
i?iaeoeou e aeeaioiiai (iyni, ?uaa, yeoea, iieiei, oai?ia), e
?anoeoaeueiiai i?ienoiaeaeaiey (iaiue, o?oeou, eaoa, oeaa) a
iaiaoiaeeiii eiee/anoaa e a i?aaeeueiii eo ni/aoaiee aeey iaania/aiey
i?aaiecia oaeaaiaeaie, aaeeaie, aee?aie, aeoaieiaie e iee?iyeaiaioaie.
2. Iiaeaea?aeaiea naiaai aana a ii?ia. Ecauoi/iay ianna oaea oaaee/eaaao
?ene oaeeo caaieaaaiee, eae naoa?iue aeeaaao, aeae/ii-eaiaiiay aieaciue
e ae?. Ia?aaaeaiea iuooeii nieaeaao iauoth ?aaioiniiniaiinoue i?aaiecia.
Ia iaiaa iianii aeey i?aaiecia ninoiyiea, eiaaea ianna oaea cia/eoaeueii
iaiueoa ii?iu, /oi iiaeao auoue naycaii n enoiuaieai e aeeno?ioeae. 3.
O/ao a ?aoeeiia ieoaiey eioaineaiinoe oece/aneie iaa?ocee. I?e caiyoeyo
nii?oii aic?anoaao iio?aaiinoue a aeoaieiao, i?aaeaea anaai a
anei?aeiiaie eeneioa (aeoaiei N).
Niaethaeaiea i?aaee ?aoeeiiaeueiiai ieoaiey iicaieyao iiaeaea?aeeaaoue
i?aaieci a oece/aneii e aeooiaiii ?aaiiaanee.
32. ssaeiaeoua ciae e ianaeiiua. Iaaeeoeeineay iiiiuue i?e oeonao.
Oeon ciae. O ?acee/iuo ciae aeaenoaey yaea oaeaea ?acee/iu: oae,
iai?eia?, a yaea aaaethee niaea?aeeony aaii??aaei, eioi?ue niinianoaoao
aicieeiiaaieth e?iaieceeyiee, a a yaea eia?u niaea?aeeony iae?ioienei,
eioi?ue ii?aaeaao ia?aioth nenoaio.
A nayce n yoei iineaaenoaey oeona ?acee/iuo ciae i?iyaeythony
iaiaeeiaeiai. I?e oeona aaaethee aicieeaao aieue, iaeanoue oeona
noaiiaeony ioa/iie, i?e oeona eia?u aicieeaao iaeuoea, o/auaaony
na?aeoeaaeaiea, iiyaeyaony aieiaie?oaeaiea, oioiioa.
Oa?aeoa?iu oi/a/iua ?aiee ia ianoa oeona ciae.
I?e ieacaiee ia?aie iiiiue iaiaoiaeeii iaania/eoue iieioth
iaiiaeaeaeiinoue oeooaiiie eiia/iinoe, aeey yoiai ia iaa iaeeaaeuaaaony
oeia.
Naiay yooaeoeaiay ia?a – iaiaaeeaiiia aaaaeaiea i?ioeaiciaeiie
nuai?ioee.
Iino?aaeaaoaio aeatho iaeeueiia ieoue? (/ae, eioa eee aiaeo), /oiau
onei?eoue auaaaeaiea n iioii e ii/ie yaea ec i?aaiecia, oaeaea iiaeii
i?eiaiyoue i?ioeaiaeea?ae/aneea e na?aea/ii ninoaeenoua n?aaenoaa. I?e
cao?oaeiaiiii aeuoaiee iino?aaeaaoaio i?iaiaeyo eneonnoaaiiia aeuoaiea.
Ianoi oeona niacuaatho eiaeiie ianoieeie, i?eeeaaeuaatho e iaio
oieiae.Ionanuaaiea ?oii yaea ec ?aiee, i?eaeeaaiea ianoa oeona,
iaeiaeaiea aeaooa iaeiyooaeoeaiu, oae eae ciaeiue yae aeiaieueii auno?i
i?iieeaao a ?aniieiaeaiioth iiae eiaeae iuoa/ioth oeaiue. A ethaii
neo/aa neaaeoao iacaiaaeeeoaeueii aeinoaaeoue iino?aaeaaoaai a
iaaeeoeeineia o/?aaeaeaiea.Oeon ianaeiiiai.I?e oeona i/aeu eee inu ia
ianoa oeona aicieeaao i?eiooeinoue, iie?aniaiea eiaee, aeaeaiea, coae.
Eiiaaea, i?e iiauoaiiie /oanoaeoaeueiinoe i?aaiecia e yaeo (eee anee
i?iecioae oeon aieueoiai eiee/anoaa ianaeiiuo), iiaeao aicieeiooue
e?aeia oyaeaeay ?aaeoeey (aiaoeeaeoe/aneee oie). I?e oeona
eioeoee?iaaiiiai yioeaoaeeoii eeaua iiaoo ?acaeoueny ia?aee/e
oaeii-iea/aaie ioneoeaoo?u, ii?aaeaiey /a?aiiuo ia?aia.
Aeaaea i?e iau/iii oeona eiia?a i?e ?an/anuaaiee eiaee iiaeii caianoe
eioaeoeeth, a ?acoeueoaoa /aai iiaoo aicieeiooue ?acee/iua aiieie/eiaua
caaieaaaiey.
*oiau oiaiueoeoue coae iinea oeona eiia?ia, ?aeiiaiaeoaony niacaoue
eiaeo ?acaaaeaiiui iaoaou?iui nie?oii, iiaeii ainiieueciaaoueny e
iaeaeieiiii.
I?e ieacaiee iiiiue iino?aaeaaoaio i?e oeona i/aeu eee inu a ia?aoth
i/a?aaeue ioaeii oaeaeeoue aeaei, niaea?aeauaa yae ianaeiiiai. Caoai
ianoi oeona iaiaoiaeeii i?ioa?aoue nie?oiaui ?anoai?ii eee eiaeii.
*oiau oiaiueoeoue aieue e ioa/iinoue, e ianoo oeona iaiaoiaeeii
i?eeiaeeoue oieiae.
Oaeaea ia ianoi oeona iiaeii iieiaeeoue ia?eaaue oaiiii, nii/aiiue
iaoaou?iui nie?oii (iaoaou?iue nie?o iaiaoiaeeii ?acaaaeoue aiaeie a
niioiioaiee 1:5).
A ea/anoaa i?ioeaiaeea?ae/aneiai n?aaenoaa iiaeii i?eiyoue oaaeaoeo
aeeiaae?iea eee ieiieueoaia.
A neo/aa oyaeaeie iauae eee aeea?ae/aneie ?aaeoeee iaiaoiaeeii auno?i
aeinoaaeoue iino?aaeaaoaai a iaaeeoeeineia o/?aaeaeaiea.
I?e eeauaaii oeona iaeuecy iuoaoueny auaea?iooue eeaua ec eiaee.
Iaiaoiaeeii eaiiooue ia aiaae?eaoaainy a eiaeiue iie?ia ianaeiiiai
eaeei-eeai ianeii (iiaeii ?anoeoaeueiui), iau/ii /a?ac 15-20 ieioo eeau
nai aueacaao ia iiaa?oiinoue.
Iinea eeauaaiai oeona iaiaoiaeeii iaycaoaeueii ia?aoeoueny e a?a/o.
36. Aeieiae/aneia i?oaeea
Aeieiae/aneia i?oaeea yaeyaony n?aaenoaii ianniaiai ii?aaeaiey ethaeae,
aeeaioiuo e oie/oiaeaiey n/o eoeueoo?. Iniiao aai ii?aaeathuaai
aeaenoaey ninoaaeytho aaeoa?eaeueiua n?aaenoaa, e eioi?ui ioiinyony
aieaciaoai?iua iee?ii?aaieciu (aaeoa?ee, ae?onu, a?eaee) e
au?aaaouaaaiua aaeoa?eyie oieneiu.
Aicaoaeeoaee ?yaea oyaeaeaeoeo eioaeoeeiiiuo caaieaaaiee i?eiaiythony
aeey ii?aaeaiey ethaeae, aeeaioiuo, ?anoaiee e n?aaenoa eo aeinoaaee. A
ea/anoaa n?aaenoa aeinoaaee naiiai AI i?eiaiytho a?o. nia?yaeu,
aaeaaiiau, eiioaeia?u, iaoee, ?aniueeoaee.
Aeey ii?aaeaiey ethaeae eniieuecothony aicaoaeeoaee /oiu, oiea?u,
neae?neie ycau, ooey?aiee, aanaiia-eaoiaai yioeeoaeeoa, nuiiiai e
a?thoiiai oeoa, iaey?ee, a?eiia, aeecaioa?ee, eeoi?aaeee Eo; aeeaioiuo –
yuo?a, naiu, /oiu, a?ooeaeeaca; naeueneioicyenoaaiiuo ?anoaiee –
?aeaa/eia oeaaiuo ceaeia, oeoiooi?a. E?iia oiai iiaeao i?eiaiyoueny
aaooeeoe/aneee oienei, aucuaathuee oyaeaeaeoea io?aaeaiey /aeiaaea.
Ii?aaeathuaa aeaenoaea yoiai i?oaeey iniiaaii ia eniieueciaaiee
aieaciaoai?iuo naienoa iee?ii?aaieciia-aicaoaeeoaeae caaieaaaiee
ethaeae, aeeaioiuo e n/o ?anoaiee. Ca?aaeaiea i?ienoiaeeo a ?acoeueoaoa
aaeuoaiey ca?aaeaiiiai aicaeooa, iiiaaeaiey iee?iaia eee oieneiia ia
neecenooth, ii?aaeaiioth eiaeo, oiio?aaeaiey ca?aaeaiiuo ieue e aiaeu;
io oeonia ianaeiiuo-ia?aiin/eeia caaieaaaiee, a o. /. e eeauae;
nii?eeiniiaaiey n ca?aaeaiiuie aiai?eianaie, aauanoaaie. A oae aea a
?acoeueoaoa iaiin?aaenoaaiiiai iauaiey n ca?aaeaiiuie ethaeueie,
aeeaioiuie. ?yae caaieaaaiee auno?i ia?aaeaaony io iaeiiai /aeiaaea
ae?oaiio e aucuaaao yieaeaiee (/oia, oiea?a, a?eii, oeo). A ?acoeueoaoa
i?eiaiaiey aeieia i?oaeey e ?ani?ino?aiaiey ia ianoiinoe aaeoa?ee iiaoo
ia?aciauaaoueny ciiu aeieiae/aneiai ca?aaeaiey e i/aae
aaeoa?eieiae/aneiai ca?aaeaiey
Aeaeu e iniiaiua naienoaa aiaauo aeieiae/. n?aaenoa:
*oia – ino?ia eioaeoeeiiiia caaieaaaiea ethaeae e aeeaioiuo.
Aicaoaeeoaeue – iee?ia, ia onoie/ea aia i?aaiecia, a iie?ioa aieueiiai
/aeiaaea nio?aiyaony aei 10 aeiae. Caaieaaaiea – neaainoue, iciia,
aieiaiua aiee, iiauoaiea oaiia?aoo?u, niciaiea caoaiiyaony, eaoaeue, aac
ea/aiey ianooiaao nia?oue.
Oiea?a – aicaoaeeoaeue oiea?iue aea?eii, iaeionoie/ea ai aiaoiae
n?aaea. I?eciaee caaieaaaiey: iiiin, ?aioa, noaei?iae, /aeiaae auno?i
ooaeaao, nieaeaaony oaiia?aoo?a oaea aei 35 N.
Neae?neay ycaa – aicaoaeeoaeue i?iieeaao /a?ac aeuoaoaeueiua iooe,
ieuaaa?eoaeueiue o?aeo eee /a?ac ?aiu ia eiaea. Caaieaaaiea i?ioaeaao a
o?ao oi?iao: eiaeiay – ii?aaeathony ioe?uoua o/anoee ?oe, iia, oae e
eeoea – ia?acothony coaeyuea iyoia, caoai iocu?ae e ycaa.
Aiooeeci – caaieaaaiea io aoooeeoe/aneiai oieneia, auaeaeyaiiai
aaeoa?eyie aoooeecia, oienei i/aiue yaeiaeo, ca?aaeaao ieuaaa?eoaeueioth
nenoaio, oeaio?aeueioth ia?aioth nenoaio. Aia/aea iauay neaainoue,
aieiaiay aieue, ?annoienoai c?aiey, ia?aeeoe/aneea yaeaiey iuooe ycuea e
eeoea.
Ooey?aiey – aicaoaeeoaeue ooey?aiee aeieai nio?aiyaony a aiaea, ii/aa,
iuee. Ca?aaeaiea /a?ac aeuoaoaeueiua iooe, ieuaaa?eoaeueiue o?aeo,
neecenoua iaiei/ee e eiaeo. Caaieaaaiea – ?aceia iiauoaiea oaiia?aoo?u,
aieiaiay aieue, aiee a iuooeao.
I?eciaee i?eiaiaiey aaeoa?eieiae/aneiai i?oaeey: a ianoao ?ac?uaia
aiai?eiania iaaethaeathony eaiee aeeaeeinoe eee ii?ioeiia?aciuo aauanoa
ia ii/aa, ?anoeoaeueiinoe e i?aaeiaoao; neiieaiea ianaeiiuo, a?ucoiia,
ianniaua caaieaaaiey ethaeae e aeeaioiuo.
Aeey i?aaeioa?auaiey ?ani?ino?aiaiey caaieaaaiee onoaiaaeeaaaony
ea?aioei e iana?aaoeey.
Ea?aioei – yoi nenoaia i?ioeaiyieaeaie/aneeo ia?ii?eyoee: ecieyoeey
i/aaa ii?aaeaiey e eeeaeaeaoeey a iai caaieaaaiee; ia aiaoieo a?aieoeao
ciiu ea?aioeia onoaiaaeeaaaony io?aia, ia iauaeoao – eiiaiaeaoneay
neoaeaa. I?ae?auaaony aeayoaeueiinoue o/?aaeaeaiee, naycaiiuo ni
neiieaieai ethaeae.
Iana?aaoeey – a yoie ciia a ioee/ea io ea?aioeia i?eiaiytho ?aaeeiiua
ia?u, iaania/eaathuea iaeneiaeueiia ia?aie/aiea auacaea e auacaea, a
oaeaea auaica ec ciiu eiouanoaa aac iaacca?aaeeaaiey, ia?aie/aiea
aeaeaeaiey ii oa??eoi?ee, iauaiey iaaeaeo a?oiiaie ethaeae.
A ciiao iana?aaoeee e ea?aioeia i?iaiaeeony aeaceioaeoeey,
aeaceinaeoeey e aea?aoecaoeey ( oie/oiaeaiea ianaeiiuo e a?ucoiia ).
50. Aio?iiiaaiiia aicaeaenoaea ia aoiinoa?o
*aeiaa/aneay aeayoaeueiinoue i?eaiaeeo e oiio, /oi caa?yciaiey
iinooiatho a aoiinoa?o a iniiaiii a aeaoo aeaeao — a aeaea ay?icieae
(acaaoaiiuo /anoeoe) e aaciia?aciuo aauanoa.
Aeaaiua enoi/ieee ay?icieae — i?iiuoeaiiinoue no?ieoaeueiuo iaoa?eaeia,
i?iecaiaenoai oeaiaioa, ioe?uoay aeiau/a oaey e ?oae, /a?iay iaoaeeo?aey
e ae?oaea io?anee. Iauaa eiee/anoai ay?icieae aio?iiiaaiiiai
i?ienoiaeaeaiey, iinooiathueo a aoiinoa?o a oa/aiea aiaea ninoaaeyao 60
iei. oiii. Yoi a ianeieueei ?ac iaiueoa iauaia caa?yciaiee anoanoaaiiiai
i?ienoiaeaeaiey (iueueiua ao?e, aoeeaiu).
Ai?acaei aieueooth iianiinoue i?aaenoaaeytho aaciia?aciua aauanoaa, ia
aeieth eioi?uo i?eoiaeeony 80-90% anao aio?iiiaaiiuo aua?inia. Yoi
niaaeeiaiey oaea?iaea, na?u e acioa. Niaaeeiaiey oaea?iaea, i?aaeaea
anaai oaeaeeneue aac nai ii naaa ia yaeiaeo, ii n iaeiieaieai aai
naycaia iianiinoue oaeiai aeiaaeueiiai i?ioeanna eae «ia?ieeiaue
yooaeo». E?iia oiai aua?anuaaaony oaa?iue aac, a iniiaiii aeaeaaoaeyie
aioo?aiiaai nai?aiey.
Niaaeeiaiey acioa i?aaenoaaeaiu yaeiaeouie aacaie — ieenueth e
ia?aeenueth acioa. Iie oae aea ia?acothony i?e ?aaioa aeaeaaoaeae
aioo?aiiaai nai?aiey, i?e ?aaioa oaieiyeaeo?inoaioeee, i?e naeeaaiee
oaa?aeuo iooiaeia.
Iaeaieueooth iianiinoue i?aaenoaaeyao niaie caa?yciaiea aoiinoa?u
niaaeeiaieyie na?u, e i?aaeaea anaai na?ienoui aacii. Niaaeeiaiey na?u
aua?anuaathony a aoiinoa?o i?e naeeaaiee oaieueiiai oiieeaa, iaooe e
i?e?iaeiiai aaca, a oaeaea i?e auieaaea oeaaoiuo iaoaeeia e
i?iecaiaenoaa na?iie eeneiou. Aio?iiiaaiiia caa?yciaiea na?ie a aeaa
?aca i?aainoiaeeo i?e?iaeiia. Iaeaieueoeo eiioeaio?aoeee na?ienoue aac
aeinoeaaao a naaa?iii iieooa?ee, iniaaiii iaae oa??eoi?eae NOA,
ca?oaaaeiie Aa?iiu, aa?iiaeneie /anoe ?innee, Oe?aeiu. A thaeiii
iieooa?ee iii ieaea.
N iiiaaeaieai a aoiinoa?o niaaeeiaiee na?u e acioa iaiin?aaenoaaiii
naycaii auiaaeaiea eeneioiuo aeiaeaeae. Iaoaieci eo ia?aciaaiey i/aiue
i?ino.
Aeaoieenue na?u e ieeneu acioa a aicaeooa niaaeeiythony n ia?aie aiaeu.
Caoai aianoa n aeiaeaeyie, ooiaiaie iie auiaaeatho ia caieth a aeaea
?acaaaeaiiuo na?iie e acioiie eeneio. Oaeea inaaeee ?acei ia?ooatho
ii?iu eeneioiinoe ii/au, oooaeoatho aiaeiiaiai ?anoaiee, niinianoaotho
aunuoaieth eania, iniaaiii oaieiuo. Iiiaaeay a ?aee e ica?a, iie
oaiaoatho eo oei?o e oaoio, ia?aaeei i?eaiaey e iieiiio oie/oiaeaieth
aeieiae/aneie aeecie — io ?ua aei iee?ii?aaieciia. Aieueoie a?aae
eeneioiua aeiaeaee iaiinyo e ?acee/iui eiino?oeoeeyi (iinoai, iaiyoieeai
e o.ae.).
Aeaaiua ?aaeiiu ?ani?ino?aiaiey eeneioiuo inaaeeia a ie?a — NOA,
ca?oaaaeiay Aa?iia, ?inney e no?aiu NIA. Ii a iineaaeiaa a?aiy iie
ioia/aiu a i?iiuoeaiiuo ?aeiiao ssiiiee, Eeoay, A?aceeee.
?annoiyiea iaaeaeo ?aeiiaie ia?aciaaiey e ?aeiiaie auiaaeaiey eeneioiuo
inaaeeia iiaeao aeinoeaaoue aeaaea ouny/e eeeiiao?ia. O/aiua e eiaeaia?u
i?eoee e auaiaeo: aeaaiue iooue i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiey caa?yciaiey aoiinoa?u
aeieaeai caeeth/aoueny a iinoaiaiiii nie?auaiee a?aaeiuo aua?inia,
eeeaeaeaoeee eo enoi/ieeia. Iiyoiio iaiaoiaeei cai?ao ia eniieueciaaiea
aunieina?ienouo oaey, iaooe e oiieeaa.
39. N?aaenoaa eieeaeoeaiie caueou. Niiniau eieeaeoeaiie caueou
E eieeaeoeaiui n?aaenoaai caueou ioiinyony ?acee/iua caueoiua
nii?oaeaiey.
1. Niaoeeaeueii iino?iaiiua caueoiua nii?oaeaiey:
oaaaeeua AI;
i?ioeai?aaeeaoeeiiiua oe?uoey (I?O).
2. I?eniiniaeaiiua (aeiiai?oaeiaaiiua) iiae oaaaeeua e oe?uoey:
a) iiae oaaaeeua e I?O: ai?iua au?aaioee, anoanoaaiiua iieinoe,
iiaecaiiia i?ino?ainoai ai?iaeia, iao?iiieeoaiu, i?eniiniaeaiiua
i?ioiaeiua iaoaoiaeiua eieeaeoi?u e ia?aoiaeu, i?eniiniaeaiiua
o?ainii?oiua oiiiaee;
a) iiae oneeaiiua oe?uoey e I?O: iiaeaaeueiua iiiauaiey iacaiiuo caeaiee
e nii?oaeaiee, iiaeaaeueiua yoaaee i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo e
aaeieieno?aoeaii-auoiauo caeaiee, eniieuecoaiuo iiae noieiaua, aooaou,
aeooaaua, neeaaeu e o.i.;
a) iiae I?O: iaoneeaiiua iiaeaaeu e iiaeiieuey aeeeuo, iauanoaaiiuo,
i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo e ae?. caeaiee e nii?oaeaiee; ia oneeaiiua, ioaeaeueii
noiyuea caaeoaeaiiua nii?oaeaiey, i?aaeiacia/aiiua aeey
i?iecaiaenoaaiiuo, neeaaeneeo, auoiauo iio?aaiinoae (caaeoaeaiiua
aa?aaee, iia?aaa, iiaeiieuey, neeaaeu e o.ae.); iiaeaaeueiua iiiauaiey
iacaiiuo caeaiee e nii?oaeaiee; ioaeaeueiua iiiauaiey a oeieieueiuo
yoaaeao eaiaiiuo (aaoiiiuo, ee?ie/iuo) caeaiee, eiathuea ieieiaeueioth
ieiuaaeue ia?oaeiuo ioe?uouo noai, ieiiiuo e ae?oaeo i?iaiia.
3. I?inoaeoea oe?uoey: ioe?uoua e ia?ae?uoua uaee, ieoe, o?aioae,
eioeiaaiu, ia?aae e o.ae.
Caueoiua nii?oaeaiey a?aaeaeaineie iai?iiu ii naiaio iacia/aieth e
caueoiui naienoaai aeaeyony ia oaaaeeua e i?ioeai?aaeeaoeeiiiua oe?uoey.
E?iia oiai, aeey caueou ethaeae iiaoo i?eiaiyoueny e i?inoaeoea oe?uoey.
Oaaaeeua eeanneoeoee?othony ii caueoiui naienoaai, ii aianoeiinoe, ii
ianoo ?aniieiaeaiey, ii iaania/aieth oeeueo?iaaioeeyoeeiiiui
iai?oaeiaaieai, ii a?aiaie aicaaaeaiey.
Ii caueoiui naienoaai (io aicaeaenoaey oaea?iie aieiu) oaaaeeua aeaeyony
ia eeannu.
Ii aianoeiinoe (eiee/anoao oe?uaathueony) oaaaeeua iiae?acaeaeytho ia:
iaeua – aei 600 /aeiaae, n?aaeiea – io 600 aei 2 000 /aeiaae e aieueoea
– nauoa 2 000 /aeiaae.
Ii ianoo ?aniieiaeaiey oaaaeeua iiaoo auoue ano?iaiiua e ioaeaeueii
noiyuea. E ano?iaiiui ioiinyony oaaaeeua, ?aniieiaeaiiua a iiaeaaeueiuo
e oeieieueiuo iiiauaieyo caeaiee, a e ioaeaeueii noiyuei –
?aniieiaeaiiua aia caeaiee.
Ii a?aiaie aicaaaeaiey oaaaeeua auaatho iino?iaiiua caaeaaia?aiaiii aua
a ie?iia a?aiy e auno?iaicaiaeeiua, no?iyueany i?e oa?ica eee
aicieeiiaaiee *N.
E caueoiui naienoaai oaaaeeu i?aaeuyaeythony ii?aaeaeaiiua o?aaiaaiey,
eioi?ua i?aaeiieaaatho no?iaia auiieiaiea i?aaee no?ieoaeuenoaa e
yeni¬eoaoaoeee. Oieueei a yoii neo/aa caueoiua nii?o¬aeaiey iiaoo
auiieieoue naia i?yiia i?aaeiacia/a¬iea:
— oaaaeeua aeieaeiu iaania/eaaoue iaaeaaeioth ca¬ueoo io anao
ii?aaeathueo oaeoi?ia *N;
— ia?aaeaeathuea eiino?oeoeee aeieaeiu eiaoue ia¬iaoiaeeiua oa?ie/aneea
nii?ioeaeaiey aeey caue¬ou io aunieeo oaiia?aoo?;
— oaaaeeua aeieaeiu auoue niioaaonoaaiii iai¬?oaeiaaiu aeey i?aauaaiey a
ieo ethaeae ia iaiaa aeaoo nooie;
— I?O aeieaeiu iaania/eaaoue ?an/aoioth e?ao¬iinoue ineaaeaiey
eiiece?othuaai eceo/aiey;
— I?O aeieaeiu auoue iaania/aiu naieoa?ii-oaoie/aneeie ono?ienoaaie aeey
aeeeoaeueiiai i?aau¬aaiey a ieo ethaeae;
– i?inoaeoea oe?uoey auae?athony oaeei ia¬?acii, /oiau iie iiaee
caueoeoue ethaeae io naaoi¬aiai eceo/aiey, i?iieeathuae ?aaeeaoeee e
aeaenoaey oaea?iie aieiu.
58. Iauee aaeaioaoeeiiiue neiae?ii, noaaeee. No?oeoo?u i?aaiecia,
ioaa/athuea ca ?acaeoea IAN. Iiiyoea i yono?anna e aeeno?anna.
Iauee aaeaioaoeeiiiue neiae?ii – niaieoiiinoue caueoiuo ?aaeoeee
i?aaiecia /aeiaaea eee aeeaioiiai (i?aeiouanoaaiii yiaeie?eiiie nenoaiu)
i?e no?anna. A aaeaioaoeeiiiii neiae?iia ?acee/atho noaaeee o?aaiae
(iiaeeecaoeey caueoiuo nee), onoie/eainoe (i?eniiniaeaiea e o?oaeiie
neooaoeee), enoiuaiey (i?e neeueiii e aeeeoaeueiii no?anna iiaeao
caeii/eoueny nia?oueth). Eiioeaioeee aaeaioaoeeiiiiai neiae?iia e
no?anna auaeaeioou A. Naeuea. Ia noaaeee enoiuaiey no?ann-?aaeoeey
i?eieiaao aieaciaiiue, iaoieiae/aneee oa?aeoa?.
Oaeei ia?acii, IAN aicieeaao a ioaao ia no?anni?, o. a. oaeoi?,
aucuaathuee ia?ooaiea (eee oa?ico ia?ooaiey) aaeaina oeceieiae/aneeo
nenoai i?aaiecia — ioiineoaeueiiai iinoiyinoaa aai aioo?aiiae n?aaeu.
A i?aaiecia ieaeiieoathueo nouanoaoao ii e?aeiae ia?a aeaa
ooieoeeiiaeueiua nenoaiu, nicaeaiiua yaiethoeeae aeey i?ioeaiaeaenoaey
?ac?ooeoaeueiiio aeaenoaeth no?anni?ia, aeey iiaeaea?aeaiey onoie/eainoe
aeaaea a yeno?aiaeueiuo oneiaeyo: neiiaoi-aae?aiaeiaay, ioe?uoay
Eaiiiiii, e aeiioaeaii-iaaeii/a/ieeiaay, ioe?uoay Naeuea. Ia?aay ec ieo
ninoieo ec neiiaoe/aneie ia?aiie nenoaiu e iicaiaiai aauanoaa
iaaeii/a/ieeia, auaeaeythuaai a e?iaue ai?iiiu aae?aiaeei e
ii?aae?aiaeei. Iia aeeth/aaony oaea /a?ac ianeieueei ieioo iinea ia/aea
aeaenoaey no?anni?a, aucuaaao iiaeeecaoeeth ?acee/iuo nenoai i?aaiecia
(?anoe?aiea c?a/ea, o/auaiea aeuoaiey e ioeuena, ia?a?ani?aaeaeaiea
e?iaioiea, oneeaiea iuoa/iie aeoeaiinoe, ineaaeaiea iioi?eee aeaeoaeea e
eeoa/ieea e ae?.) e anei?a i?ae?auaao naith aeayoaeueiinoue.
Ai aoi?oth nenoaio aoiaeeo aeiioaeaion, ia?aaeiyy, eee aeaeacenoay,
aeiey aeiioeca (aaeaiiaeiioec) e ei?eiaue neie iaaeii/a/ieeia.
Aeiioaeaion auaeaeyao ai?iii ei?oeeieeaa?ei, eioi?ue aicaeaenoaoao ia
ia?aaeithth aeieth aeiioeca, aucuaay nae?aoeeth ei ai?iiia
ei?oeeio?iieia. Iineaaeiee, a naith i/a?aaeue, noeioee?oao ei?o
iaaeii/a/ieeia, au?aaaouaathuoth ei?oeeinoa?ieaeu. Yoa nenoaia
aeeth/aaony ianeieueei iicaea e iiaeao aeaenoaiaaoue ia i?ioyaeaiee
iiiaeo /ania e aeaaea nooie. Iia ieacuaaao iiuiia aeeyiea ia ana i?aaiu
e oeaie, aeeth/ay aieiaiie iica. Iiae aicaeaenoaeai ei?oeeinoa?ieaeia a
i?aaiecia i?ienoiaeeo oneeaiea iaiaiiuo i?ioeannia, iiaeaaeaiea eiioiiuo
e ainiaeeoaeueiuo ?aaeoeee, eciaiaiea eiioeaio?aoeee iaaeeaoi?ia
(ii?aae?aiaeeia, na?ioiieia, aaiia-aieiiianeyiie eeneiou) a ?acee/iuo
ioaeaeao iicaa, iiauoaiea nae?aoeee e eeneioiinoe aeaeoaei/iiai niea e
ae?oaea ia?ano?ieee.No?ann iiaeii ?acaeaeeoue ia aeaa ?aciiaeaeiinoe –
yono?ann e aeeno?ann. Yono?ann ieacuaaao ia /aeiaaea iieiaeeoaeueiia
aeeyiea, iiaeeecoao aai, oeo/oaao aieiaiea, ?aaeoeee, ineoe/aneoth
aeayoaeueiinoue, iiauoaao aaeaioaoeeiiiua aiciiaeiinoe i?aaiecia.
Aeeno?ann – iaoieiae/aneay ?aciiaeaeiinoue no?ann-neiae?iia, eioi?ue
ieacuaaao io?eoeaoaeueiia aeeyiea ia i?aaieci, ineoe/aneoth
aeayoaeueiinoue e iiaaaeaiea /aeiaaea aieioue aei iieiie eo
aeaci?aaiecaoeee. Aeeno?ann nii?iaiaeaeaaony aeia?aeoeaaoeeae
iae?i-aoii?aeueiuo nenoai e iiaeao noaoue iaoiaaiiui oaeoi?ii,
i?eaiaeyuei e iia?aaeaeaieth i?aeoe/anee ethauo i?aaiia e nenoai
i?aaiecia. Aeeno?ann iiaeao iaino?eoue oa/aiea iaa?ioe/aneeo,
ineoiniiaoe/aneeo e i?aaie/aneeo caaieaaaiee. Eaeie aeae no?anna
aicieeiao o oiai eee eiiai /aeiaaea, caaeneo io niaieoiiinoe iiiaeanoaa
oaeoi?ia: oece/aneiai e ineoe/aneiai caei?iauey, iniaaiiinoae ee/iinoe,
i?eau/iiai ?aaae?iaaiey ia no?anni?u, nenoaiu eiaeeaeaeoaeueiuo
ineoieiae/aneeo caueo, iaee/ey eee ionoonoaey nioeeaeueiie iiaeaea?aeee
a neooaoeee no?anna.
49. Caei?iauea. Ii?aaeaeaiea, aeaeu caei?iauey. Ninoaaeythuea
eiaeeaeaeoaeueiiai caei?iauey.Ii?aaeaeaiea caei?iauey noi?ioee?iaaii
Anaie?iie i?aaiecaoeeae cae?aaiio?aiaiey (AIC). Caei?iauea — yoi
ninoiyiea nio?aiaiey e ?acaeoey aeieiae/aneeo, oece/aneeo e ineoe/aneeo
ooieoeee /aeiaaea, iioeiaeueiie o?oaeiniiniaiinoe e nioeeaeueiie
aeoeaiinoe i?e iaeaieueoae i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoe aeoeaiie aeecie.
E?eoa?ee, ii eioi?ui ioeaieaaaony caei?iauea : ionoonoaea aieaciae;
ii?iaeueiay ?aaioa i?aaiecia; ?aaiiaanea i?aaiecia a nenoaia
«i?e?iaea-/aeiaae» (oaiia?aoo?a oaea, oi?ioea e?iae); iieiia oece/aneia,
aeooiaiia, oinoaaiiia e nioeeaeueiia aeaaiiieo/ea; niiniaiinoue
i?eniinaaeeaaoueny e eciaiaieyi a ie?oaeathuae n?aaea; niiniaiinoue
iieiioeaiii o/eoueny, o?oaeeoueny, iauaoueny n ethaeueie; no?aieaiea e
oai?/anoao. A iauai iiiyoee caei?iauey eiathony aeaa ?aaiioeaiiua
ninoaaeythuea: aeooiaiia caei?iauea e oece/aneia. Nioeeaeueiay
ninoaaeythuay io?aaeaao nioeeaeueiua nayce e iaaeee/iinoiua eiioaeou e
yaeyaony iaiouaieaiie /anoueth aeooiaiiai caei?iauey /aeiaaea. Aeooiaiia
caei?iauea /aeiaaea — yoi caei?iauea aai ?acoia. Iii caaeneo io nenoaiu
aai iuoeaiey, ioiioaiey e ie?oaeathuaio ie?o e i?eaioaoeee a yoii ie?a.
Iii caaeneo io oiaiey ii?aaeaeeoue naia iieiaeaiea a ie?oaeathuae
n?aaea, naie ioiioaiey e ethaeyi, aauai, ciaieyi e i?i/aio e
aeinoeaaaony oiaieai aeeoue a niaeanee n niaie, n ?iaeiuie, ae?ocueyie e
ae?oaeie ethaeueie, niiniaiinoueth i?iaiice?iaaoue ?acee/iua neooaoeee e
?ac?aaaouaaoue iiaeaee naiaai iiaaaeaiey n o/aoii iaiaoiaeeiinoe,
aiciiaeiinoe e aeaeaiey.Oece/aneia caei?iauea /aeiaaea — yoi caei?iauea
aai oaea. Iii caaeneo io aeaeaaoaeueiie aeoeaiinoe /aeiaaea,
?aoeeiiaeueiiai ieoaiey, niaethaeaiey i?aaee ee/iie aeaeaiu e
aaciianiiai iiaaaeaiey a iianaaeiaaiie aeecie, iioeiaeueiiai ni/aoaiey
oinoaaiiiai e oece/aneiai o?oaea, oiaiey ioaeuoaoue. Nio?aieoue e
oe?aieoue aai iiaeii, oieueei ioeacaaoenue io /?acia?iiai oiio?aaeaiey
aeeiaiey, io eo?aiey, ia?eioeeia e ae?oaeo a?aaeiuo i?eau/ae.Aeooiaiia e
oece/aneia caei?iauea aeieaeiu iinoiyiii iaoiaeeoueny a aa?iiie/aneii
aaeeinoaa, oae eae yoi iaiouaieaiua /anoe eiaeeaeaeoaeueiiai caei?iauey
/aeiaaea. Ee/iia caei?iauea ai iiiaii caaeneo io /aeiaaea e aai
iiaaaeaiey. Eiaeeaeaeoaeueiia caei?iauea — yoi ee/iia caei?iauea
/aeiaaea, eioi?ia ai iiiaii caaeneo io iaai naiiai, io aai
ie?iaicc?aiey, a a eiia/iii n/aoa io aai eoeueoo?u — eoeueoo?u
caei?iauey. Iii iaoneaaeeaaao nio?aiaiea e ?acaeoea aeieiae/aneeo,
oeceieiae/aneeo e ineoioeceieiae/aneeo ooieoeee /aeiaaea, iioeiaeueioth
o?oaeiniiniaiinoue e nioeeaeueioth aeoeaiinoue i?e iaeaieueoae
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoe aeoeaiie aeecie. Iauanoaaiiia caei?iauea
neeaaeuaaaony ec ninoiyiey caei?iauey anao /eaiia iauanoaa e caaeneo
aeaaiui ia?acii io iieeoe/aneeo, eoeueoo?iuo, auoiauo, nioeeaeueiuo
(ca?ieaoa, i?iaeieaeeoaeueiinoue ?aai/aai aeiy, oneiaey o?oaea, o?iaaiue
ieoaiey, aeeeeuiua oneiaey), yeiiiie/aneeo e i?e?iaeiuo oaeoi?ia. I?e
iaoaeiaeaoai?eoaeueiii ninoiyiee caei?iauey iaaiciiaeii aeinoe/ue
aeaaiiieo/ey a ethaie ec iaeanoae aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe, e iaiai?io.
Ninoaaeythuea eiaeeaeaeoaeueiiai caei?iauey: • iioeiaeueiue o?iaaiue
aeaeaaoaeueiie aeoeaiinoe, iaania/eaathuee nooi/ioth iio?aaiinoue
i?aaiecia a aeaeaeaiee; caeaeeaaiea, niinianoaothuaa oaaee/aieth
nii?ioeaeyaiinoe i?aaiecia iaaeaaii?eyoiui aicaeaenoaeyi aiaoiae n?aaeu
e caaieaaaieyi; ?aoeeiiaeueiia ieoaiea: iieiioeaiiia, naaeaine?iaaiiia
ii iaai?o aeeciaiii iaiaoiaeeiuo aauanoa (aaeee, aee?u, oaeaaiaeu,
aeoaieiu e iee?iyeaiaiou); niaethaeaiea ?aaeeia o?oaea e ioaeuoa; ee/iay
aeaeaia; yeieiae/anee a?aiioiia iiaaaeaiea; ineoe/aneay e
yiioeeiiaeueiay onoie/eainoue; naenoaeueiia ainieoaiea, i?ioeeaeoeea
caaieaaaiee, ia?aaeathueony iieiaui iooai; ioeac io a?aaeiuo i?eau/ae:
eo?aiey, oiio?aaeaiey aeeiaiey e ia?eioeeia; aaciianiia iiaaaeaiea,
iicaieythuaa ecaaaeaoue o?aai e ae?oaeo iia?aaeaeaiee.
34. ssaea?iia i?oaeea.
ssaea?iia i?oaeea — i?oaeea ianniaiai ii?aaeaiey ac?uaiiai aeaenoaey,
iniiaaiiia ia eniieueciaaiee aioo?eyaea?iie yia?aee. ssaea?iia i?oaeea —
iaeii ec naiuo ?ac?ooeoaeueiuo n?aaenoa aaaeaiey aieiu — aoiaeeo a /enei
iniiaiuo aeaeia i?oaeey ianniaiai ii?aaeaiey. Iii aeeth/aao a naay
?acee/iua yaea?iua aiai?eianu (aiaaua /anoe ?aeao e oi?iaae,
aaeaoeeiiiua e aeoaeiiua aiiau, a?oeeea?eeneea nia?yaeu e ieiu,
niaaaeaiiua yaea?iuie ca?yaeiuie ono?ienoaaie), n?aaenoaa oi?aaeaiey eie
e n?aaenoaa aeinoaaee eo e oeaee (iineoaee). Ii?aaeathuaa aeaenoaea
yaea?iiai i?oaeey iniiaaii ia yia?aee, auaeaeythuaeny i?e yaea?iuo
ac?uaao. ?aaeeaoeeiiiia aicaeaenoaea ia /aeiaaea ninoieo a eiiecaoeee
oeaiae aai oaea e aicieeiiaaiee eo/aaie aieacie ?acee/iuo noaiaiae. I?e
yoii i?aaeaea anaai ii?aaeathony e?iaaoai?iua i?aaiu (einoiue iica,
eeioaoe/aneea oceu, naeacaiea), a ?acoeueoaoa /aai ianooiaao
eenei?iaeiue aieiae oeaiae, ?acei nieaeaaony eiioiiay caueuaiiinoue
i?aaiecia, oooaeoaaony naa?ouaaaiinoue e?iae. ?-eceo/aiey-(nieia/iay
?aaeeaoeey) ioaa/aao ca iioaiiaiea eiaee (caaa?), a-eceo/aiey
(?aioaai-eceo/aiea) nicaeaao ?ac?ooathuaa aeaenoaea ia i?aaieciu.
Iaeaieaa iianiuie yeaiaioaie yaeythony oeie/aneea yeaiaiou n iaaieueoei
ia?eiaeii iieo?aniaaea (?aaeeiaeoeaiue eiae, no?iioeee, eaeueoeee,
oeacee). I?aaeaeueii aeiionoeiue o?iaaiue ?aaeeaoeee ninoaaeyao 40
iee?i?aioaai a /an.
Ii?aaeathuea oaeoi?u yaea?iiai ac?uaa — oaea?iay aieia, naaoiaia
eceo/aiea, i?iieeathuay ?aaeeaoeey, ?aaeeiaeoeaiia ca?aaeaiea e
yeaeo?iiaaieoiue eiioeuen.
Oaea?iay aieia — iniiaiie ii?aaeathuee oaeoi? yaea?iiai ac?uaa, oae eae
aieueoeinoai ?ac?ooaiee e iia?aaeaeaiee nii?oaeaiee, caeaiee, a oaeaea
ii?aaeaiee ethaeae iaoneiaeaiu aa aicaeaenoaeai. Oaea?iay aieia
i?ioiaeeo 1 ei – 2 n; 2 ei – 5 n; 3 ei – 8 n. Aeaaeaiea a oeaio?a – 1
ie?ae. aoiinoa?.
Naaoiaia eceo/aiea — yoi iioie eo/enoie yia?aee, aeeth/athuee
oeueo?aoeieaoiaua, aeaeeiua e eio?ae?aniua eo/e. Aai enoi/iee —
naaoyuayny iaeanoue, ia?acoaiay ?aneaeaiiuie i?iaeoeoaie ac?uaa e
?aneaeaiiui aicaeooii. I?iieeathuay ?aaeeaoeey — yoi iioie aaiia-eo/ae e
iaeo?iiia. Enoi/ieeaie aai neoaeao yaea?iua ?aaeoeee aeaeaiey e neioaca,
i?ioaeathuea a aiai?eiana a iiiaio ac?uaa, a oaeaea ?aaeeiaeoeaiue
?aniaae ineieeia (i?iaeoeoia) aeaeaiey a iaeaea ac?uaa. NE aucuaaao
iaeiae eiaee, ii?aaeaiey aeac, a?aiaiiia eee iinoiyiiia ineaieaiey. 4
noaiaie iaeiaia: 1 – e?aniioa, i?eiooeinoue e ioaee eiaee; 2 –
ia?aciaaiea iocu?ae; 3 – iia?oaeaiea eiaee, ycau; 4 – iia?oaeaiea
aeoaieieaaeaueo oeaiae, iaoaeeaaiea ioe?uouo /anoae oaea. Cia/eoaeueii
nieaeaao NE aeiaeaeue, ooiai, niaaiiaae.
A?aiy aeaenoaey i?iieeathuae ?aaeeaoeee ia iacaiiua iauaeou ninoaaeyao
10—15 n. . I?iieeathuay ?aaeeaoeey i?aaenoaaeyao niaie iioie a-eo/ae e
iaeo?iiia, enioneaaiuo a ie?oaeathuoth n?aaeo ec ciiu ac?uaa. I?ioiaey
/a?ac aeeaoth oeaiue, a-eceo/aiea eiiece?oao iieaeoeu, aoiaeyuea a
ninoaa eeaoie-> aicieeatho aeieiae/aneea i?ioeannu, i?eaiaeyuea e
ia?ooaieth aeeciaiiuo ooieoeee i?aaiia e ?acaeoeth eo/aaie aieacie (EA).
4 noaiaie EA: – ia?aay noaiaiue: i?e iieo/aiee iauae yeniiceoeeiiiie
aeicu 100-200 ? – aeaa-o?e iaaeaee ne?uoue ia?eiae, caoai iaaeiiiaaiea,
oyaeanoue a aieiaa, noaniaiea a a?oaee, neaainoue.
– aoi?ay ( n?aaeiyy ) noaiaiue: 200-400 ? – ne?uoue ia?eiae ieiei
iaaeaee, caoai aieiaiua aiee, aieiaie?oaeaiea, ?aioa, eiee/anoai
eaeeioeeoia a e?iae oiaiueoaaony aieaa /ai ia iieiaeio, i?e aeoeaiii
ea/aiee – aucaei?iaeaiea /a?ac 1.5-2 ianyoea, aiciiaeia nia?oue.
– o?aouey ( oyaeaeay ) noaiaiue – yeniiie?othuay aeica 400-600 ?,
ne?uoue ia?eiae ianeieueei /ania, oneeaiea auoaoeacaiiuo i?eciaeia,
e?iaieceeyiey, iioa?y niciaiey, eiee/anoai eaeeioeeoia e y?eo?ioeeoia
?acei oiaiueoathony, ineaaeythony caueoiua neeu i?aaiecia, ianooiaao
nia?oue, /aua io eioaeoeeiiiuo caaieaaaiee, e?iaioa/aiee.
– /aoaa?oay ( e?aeia oyaeaeay ) noaiaiue: aac ea/aiey caeai/eaaaony
nia?oueth a oa/aiea aeaoo iaaeaeue.
?aaeeiaeoeaiia ca?aaeaiea. Iniiaiua aai enoi/ieee — i?iaeoeou aeaeaiey
yaea?iiai ca?yaea e ?aaeeiaeoeaiua ecioiiu, ia?acothueany a ?acoeueoaoa
aicaeaenoaey iaeo?iiia ia iaoa?eaeu, ec eioi?uo ecaioiaeai yaea?iue
aiai?eian, e ia iaeioi?ua yeaiaiou, aoiaeyuea a ninoaa a?oioa a ?aeiia
ac?uaa. Iaeaieaa iianii a ia?aua /anu iinea auiaaeaiey ?aaeeiaeoeaiuo
inaaeeia. I?e iacaiiii yaea?iii aicaeaenoaee, nayoyuayny iaeanoue
eanaaony caiee. Aioo?e iaa caoyaeaathony iannu enia?ythuaainy a?oioa,
eioi?ua iiaeieiathony aaa?o. Ioeaaeaeaynue, ia?u i?iaeoeoia a?oioa
eiiaeaine?othony ia oaa?aeua /anoeoeu; ia?acoaony ?aaeeiaeoeaiia iaeaei.
Iii iiaeieiaaony ni nei?inoueth 25-100 ei// e aeaeaeaony ii aao?o.
?aaeeiaeoeaiua /anoeoeu auiaaeatho ec iaeaea ia caieth e ia?acotho ciio
?aaeeiaeoeaiiai ca?aaeaiey (neaae), aeeeia eioi?iai iiaeao aeinoeaaoue
ianeieueeeo nioai eeeiiao?ia. I?e yoii ca?aaeaaony ianoiinoue, caeaiey,
nii?oaeaiey, aiaeinoiee, iinaau. Yeaeo?iiaaieoiue eiioeuen — yoi
e?aoeia?aiaiiia yeaeo?iiaaieoiia iiea, aicieeathuaa i?e ac?uaa yaea?iiai
aiai?eiana a ?acoeueoaoa acaeiiaeaenoaey enioneaaiuo i?e yoii
aaiia-eo/ae e iaeo?iiia n aoiiaie ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu. Neaaenoaeai aai
aicaeaenoaey iiaeao auoue auoiae ec no?iy ioaeaeueiuo yeaiaioia
?aaeeiyeaeo?iiiie e yeaeo?ioaoie/aneie aiia?aoo?u. Ii?aaeaiea ethaeae
aiciiaeii oieueei a oao neo/ayo, eiaaea iie a iiiaio ac?uaa
nii?eeanathony n i?iaiaeiuie eeieyie (aiia?aoo?ie).
Caueoa: I?ioeai?aaeeaoeeiiiua oe?uoey caueuatho ethaeae io aiaoiaai
aaiia-eceo/aiey e io iiiaaeaiey ?aaeeiaeoeaiie iuee a i?aaiu aeuoaiey,
ia eiaeo, iaeaaeaeo, a oaeaea io naaoiaiai eceo/aiey yaea?iiai ac?uaa.
Iie ono?aeaathony a iiaeaaeueiuo yoaaeao nii?oaeaiee e caeaiee, iiaoo
eniieueciaaoueny e iacaiiua yoaaee, eo/oa eaiaiiuo e ee?ie/iuo
nii?oaeaiee. A ieo aeieaeiu auoue iniiaiua ( oe?uoea ethaeae ) e
aniiiiaaoaeueiua ( naioceu, aaioeeyoeeiiiua ) iiiauaiey e iiiauaiey aeey
ca?aaeaiiie iaeaaeaeu. Ieiuaaeue iiiauaiey 0.4-0.5 i2 ia /aeiaaea,
aunioa 1.9 i io iiea.
A caai?iaeiie ciia iiae i?ioeai?aaeeaoeeiiiua oe?uoey ( I?O )
i?eniinaaeeaatho iiaeiieuey, iiaeaaeu, i?iaaaey ?aaiou ii eo
aa?iaoecaoeee e ono?ienoao i?inoaeoae aaioeeyoeee – i?eoi/iue e
auoyaeiie ei?ia ec aeinie e i?. naa?oo iaae ei?iaaie onoaiaaeeaatho ec
ethaiai ii?enoiai iaoa?eaea i?ioeaiiueueiue oeeueo?.
Anee iao aiaeii?iaiaea, nicaeaaony caian aiaeu ec ?an/aoa 3-4 e a nooee
ia /aeiaaea.
I?e iaaeinoaoea iiiauaiee iiae I?O no?iyony ioaeaeueii noiyuea
auno?iaicaiaeeiua i?ioeai?aaeeaoeeiiiua oe?uoey caaeoaeaiiiai oeia.
40. N?aaenoaa eiaeeaeaeoaeueiie caueou.
E n?aaenoaai eiaeeaeaeoaeueiie caueou ianaeaiey ioiinyony n?aaenoaa
caueou i?aaiia aeuoaiey, n?aaenoaa caueou eiaee e iaaeeoeeineea
n?aaenoaa caueou.
Ii i?eioeeio caueou NEC aeaeyony ia oeeueo?othuea e eciee?othuea, ii
niiniao ecaioiaeaiey – ia i?iiuoeaiiiai ecaioiaeaiey e ecaioiaeaiiua
ianaeaieai ec iiae?o/iuo iaoa?eaeia.
I?e aaa?eeiie neooaoeee eee oa?ica iaiaaeaiey i?ioeaieea ?aaioathuea
iieo/atho NEC ia naieo iauaeoao, ianaeaiea – a AEAEao.
N?aaenoaa caueou i?aaiia aeuoaiey – yoi i?ioeaiaacu, caueuathuea oaeaea
eeoea, aeaca; ?anie?aoi?u, oeeueo?othuea i?ioeaiaacu AI-5, AI-5i, AI-4o,
ninoiyuea ec oeeueo?othua-iiaeiuathuae ei?iaee, eeoeaaie /anoe ( AI-5
oeai-ianea, AI-4o – ianea ), niaaeeieoaeueiie o?oaee, aeey caueou io
ieene oaea?iaea, aeiiieieoaeueiue iao?ii, i?eniaaeeiyaiue iaaeaeo ianeie
e oeeueo?othuae ei?iaeie. Iie caueuatho aeaca, eeoei e i?aaiu aeuoaiey
/aeiaaea io aicaeaenoaey ?aaeeiaeoeaiuo, io?aaeythueo, aaa?eeii
oeie/anee iianiuo aauanoa e aaeoa?eaeueiuo n?aaenoa. Aeey caueou aeaoae
eniieuecothony aeaoneea i?ioeaiaacu e caueoiua aeaoneea eaia?u.
Io aicaeaenoaey aiaoieo ia?ia, ay?icieae e iuee i?aaeio?aiytho
?anie?aoi?u.
Eciee?othuea i?ioeaiaacu EI-4, EI-5, EI-46, EI-46I i?eiaiythony i?e
iaaeinoaoea eenei?iaea e eiaaea oeeueo?othuea ia caueuatho. Aicaeoo a
ieo iaiaauaaony eenei?iaeii a ?aaaia?aoeaiii iao?iia.
Eciee?othuee i?ioeaiaac ninoieo ec eeoeaaie /anoe, ?aaaia?aoeaiiai
iao?iia, aeuoaoaeueiiai iaoea, ea?eana e noiee.
?anie?aoi?u ?-2 caueuatho io iuee, yoi oeeueo?othuay iieoianea n aeaoiy
eeaiaiaie aaeioa, iaeiei eeaiaiii auaeioa, iaieiaeii ( ec oanaiie ) e
iiniaui caaeeiii.
E?iia oiai i?eiaiyaony i?ioeaiiueueiay oeaiaaay ianea IOI-1, ninoiyuay
ec 2-4 neiaa oeaie ( ei?ion n au?acaie aeey niio?iauo noaeie ) e
iieineaie oeaie n ?aceieaie aeey e?aieaiey ia aieiaa.
Ianaeaiea naiinoiyoaeueii ecaioiaeyao aaoii-ia?eaaua iiaycee ec eonea
ia?ee 100×50 ni e aaou.
Aeey caueou eiaee io aicaeaenoaey aaa?eeii oeie/anee iianiuo,
io?aaeythueo, ?aaeeiaeoeaiuo aauanoa e aaeoa?eaeueiuo n?aaenoa
i?eiaiythony:
– eciee?othuea n?aaenoaa caueou eiaee, ecaioaaeeaathony ec
i?i?aceiaiiie oeaie, i?eiaiytho i?e auiieiaiee aeaaacaoeeiiiuo ?aaio (
eiiaeiaciiu, einothiu );
– oeeueo?othuea n?aaenoaa caueou eiaee, eiiieaeo iaeaaeaeu, caueuathuee
io IA, io iuee e aaeoa?eieiae/aneeo n?aaenoa ( iiaeao auoue caiaiai
iau/iie iaeaaeaeie, i?iieoaiiie iueueii-ianeyiie yioeueneae – 2.5 e ia
eiiieaeo ).
I?inoaeoea n?aaenoaa caueou eiaee i?aaeio?aiythuea io iiiaaeaiey ia
eiaeo ?aaeeiaeoeaiuo aauanoa, eaiaeueii-aeeaeeeo aaa?eeii oeie/anee
iianiuo aauanoa – iau/iay iaeaaeaea, ieaue e iaeeaeee ec i?i?aceiaiiie
eee iie?uoie oei?aeieeiaie ieaieie oeaie, iaoaue ec ?aceiu, ia?/aoee,
?oeaaeoeu, eaithoii, ceiiea aaue: iaeueoi ec a?oaiai noeia eee ae?aia,
aaoieee, aeoaeaiee, eiaeaiua iaeueoi.
Aeey caueou io ia?ia IA iaeaaeaeo i?iieouaatho iithueie n?aaenoaaie
II-7, II-10 eee iueueii-ianeyiie yioeueneae.
Aeey ieacaiey acaeiiiiiiue e naiiiiiiue i?eiaiythony iaaeeoeeineea
n?aaenoaa caueou: aioa/ea eiaeeaeaeoaeueiay AE-2, eiaeeaeaeoaeueiue
i?ioeaioeie/aneee iaeao ( oeaeii n aeaaace?othuae aeeaeeinoueth e 4
aaoii-ia?eaauo oaiiiia ), iaeao ia?aayci/iue eiaeeaeaeoaeueiue ( aeio e
2 aaoii-ia?eaauo iiaeooa/ee ).
Niaoeiaeaaeaeo eciee?othuaai oeia ecaioaaeeaatho ec oaeeo iaoa?eaeia,
eioi?ua ia i?iioneatho ie eaiee, ie ia?u yaeiaeouo aauanoa e
iaania/eaatho iaiaoiaeeioth aa?iaoe/iinoue.
Iaaeeoeeineea n?aaenoaa caueou niaea?aeeo aioa/ea eiaeeaeaeoaeueiay
AE-2. Iia i?aaeiacia/aia aeey ieacaiey naiiiiiiue e acaeiiiiiiue i?e
?aiaieyo e iaeiaao (aeey niyoey aiee), aeey i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiey eee
ineaaeaiey ii?aaeaiey ?aaeeiaeoeaiuie, io?aaeythueie eee aaa?eeii
oeie/anee iianiuie aauanoaaie, a oaeaea aeey i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiey
eioaeoeeiiiuo caaieaaaiee.
Eiaeeaeaeoaeueiua i?ioeaioeie/aneea iaeaou EII-8, EII-9, EII-10
i?aaeiacia/aiu aeey iaacca?aaeeaaiey eaiaeueii-aeeaeeeo io?aaeythueo
aauanoa e iaeioi?uo neeueiiaeaenoaothueo yaeiaeouo aauanoa, iiiaaoeo ia
oaei e iaeaaeaeo /aeiaaea, ia n?aaenoaa eiaeeaeaeoaeueiie caueou e ia
eino?oiaio.
41. I?eai?u ?aaeeaoeeiiiie e oeie/aneie ?acaaaeee
Ia?ii?eyoey ii oeie/aneie ?acaaaeea:
– aeaaeiee?iaaiea iino?aaeaaoeo, iaoiaeyueony iiae caaaeaie ?ac?ooaiiuo
caeaiee e oaoiieiae/an¬eeo nenoaia oaeaea a iia?aaeaeaiiuo
aeiee?iaai¬iuo iiiauaieyo;
– yeno?aiiia i?ae?auaiea aicaeaenoaey IOA ia i?aaieci iooai i?eiaiaiey
n?aaenoa eiaeeaeaeoaeue¬iie caueou e yaaeoaoeee ec ciiu ca?aaeaiey;
— ieacaiea ia?aie iaaeeoeeineie iiiiue iino¬?aaeaaoei;
— yaaeoaoeey ii?aaeaiiuo a iaaeeoeeineea ioie¬ou e o/?aaeaeaiey aeey
ieacaiey a?a/aaiie iiiiue e aeaeueiaeoaai ea/aiey.
Aieneiaie i?eai? oeie/aneie ?acaaaeee (AIO?) ninoi¬eo ec ei?iona n
e?uoeie, ?o/iiai ianina, ianaaeee e iaio, aoiaaeiuo eannao n
eiaeeeaoi?iuie o?oaeaie. Ia?aiinyo aai n iiiiuueth iea/aauo ?aiiae,
ianna i?eai?a — 2,2 ea. ?o/iie ianin neoaeeo aeey i?iea/eaaiey
ca?aaeaiiiai aic¬aeooa /a?ac eiaeeeaoi?iua o?oaee, aioo?e eioi?uo
iaoiaeyo¬ny iaiieieoaeue e noaeeyiiua aiioeu n ?aaeoeaaie. Iie eiatho
ia?ee?iaeo e i?aaeiacia/aiu aeey ii?aaeaeaiey ?ac¬ee/iuo aeaeia NAessA
Ia?ii?eyoey ii ?aaeeaoeeiiiie ?acaaaeea:
i?iaiaeyony a ca?aiaa ii?aaeaeaiiuo oi/eao, a oii /enea e ianaeaiiuo
ioieoao, o.a. oai, i?iecioei ca?aaeaiea. ?acaaaeea aaaeao ecia?aiea
iiuiinoe aeic, aa?ao i?iau a?oioa, aiaeu, aeaoaeueii ianeaaeoao
ianaeaiiua ioieou, iauaeou oi?aiaee, i?iaa?yao noaiaiue caa?yciaiey
i?iaeoeoia ieoaiey, oo?aaea, onoaiaaeeaaao aiciiaeiinoue eo
oiio?aaeaiey. Iniiaiie iauai ?aaio a ia?aua aeie iinea aaa?ee auiieiytho
?acaaaeuaaoaeueiua iiae?acaeaeaiey /anoae e niaaeeiaiee AI, a oaeaea
a?aaeaeaineea oi?ie?iaaiey ?acaaaeee.
Ecia?eoaee iiuiinoe aeicu AeI-5A (A) e AeI-5A i?aaeiacia/aiu aeey
ecia?aiey o?iaiae ?aaeeaoeee ia ianoiinoe e ?aaeeiaeoeaiie ca?aaeaiiinoe
?acee/iuo i?aaeiaoia ii aaiia-eceo/aieth. Iiuiinoue aaiia-eceo/aiey
ii?aaeaeyaony a ieeee?aioaaiao eee ?aioaaiao a /an aeey oie oi/ee
i?ino?ainoaa, a eioi?ie iiiauai i?e ecia?aieyo niioaaonoaothuee n/ao/ee
i?eai?a. E?iia oiai, eiaaony aiciiaeiinoue iaia?oaeaiey aaoa-eceo/aiey.
Aeiceiao? ea?iaiiue i?yiiiieacuaathuee AeEI-50A i?aaeiacia/ai aeey
ecia?aiey yeniiceoeeiiiuo aeic aaiia-eceo/aiey. Eiino?oeoeaii ii
auiieiai a oi?ia aaoi?o/ee. I?eioeei iaia?oaeaiey e ii?aaeaeaiey NAessA
iniiaai ia eciaiaiee ie?anee eiaeeeaoi?ia i?e acaeiiaeaenoaee n oai eee
eiui aauanoaii. A caaeneiinoe io oiai, eaeie aue acyo eiaeeeaoi? e eae
ii eciaiee ie?aneo, onoaiaaeeaatho oei aauanoaa e i?eia?ioth aai
eiioeaio?aoeeth a aicaeooa, aiaea, ia i?aaeiaoao.
35. Oeie/aneia i?oaeea
Io?aaeythuea aauanoaa – oaeea oeie/aneea niaaeeiaiey, eioi?ua i?e
i?eiaiaiee niiniaiu ii?aaeaoue ethaeae e aeeaioiuo ia aieueoee ieiuaaee,
i?iieeaoue a ?acee/iua nii?oaeaiey, ca?aaeaoue ianoiinoue e aiaeiaiu.
OI – i?oaeea ianniaiai ii?aaeaiey, aeaenoaea eioi?iai iniiaaii ia
oiene/aneeo naienoaao oei. aauanoa. E iaio ioiinyony aiaaua io?aaeythuea
aauanoaa (IA) e n?aaenoaa eo i?eiaiaiey. IA ii i?eiaiaieth aeaeyony ia 3
a?oiiu: nia?oaeueiua, ?acae?aaeathuea, a?aiaiii auaiaeyuea ec no?iy.
I?eciaee i?eiaiaiey IA: iieina ca eaoyuei naiieaoii; ianeyiua iyoia ia
eenoueyo, a?oioa, caeaieyo; ai?iiee io aiia; ?acae?aaeaiea iiniaeioee,
aeac, oyaeanoue aeuoaiey. IA ai a?aiy i?eiaiaiey iiaoo auoue a aeaea
ia?a, ooiaia, aeuia, ay?iciey, aeeaeeinoe. 6 a?oii ii aeaenoaeth ia
i?aaieci:
Ia?aii-ia?aeeoe/aneiai aeaenoaey (Ci?ei, ciiai, ae-een). Ii?aaeaao OeIN
/a?ac i?aaiu aeuoaiey, eiaeo, AEEO. Noieeinoue eaoii aieaa nooie, ceiie
ianeieueei iaaeaeue. Yoe IA naiua iianiua. I?eciaee ii?aaeaiey:
nethiioa/aiea, noaeaiea c?a/eia, o?oaeii aeuoaoue, oioiioa, ?aioa,
ia?aee/. N?aaenoaa caueou: i?ioeaiaac, iauaaieneiaie caueoiue einothi,
i?ioeaiyaeea (oi?eoe-othaee), aioa/ea.
Eiaeii-ia?uaiiai aeaenoaey (ei?eo). Ii?aaeaao eiaeo, aeaca, aeuo. iooe,
eaaeea, i?aaiu ieuaaa?aiey. Ia?eiae ne?uoiai aeaenoaey – aei 4 /ania e
aieaa. II: iie?aniaiea eiaee, ia?aciaaiea iaeeeo iocu?ae n iineaaeothuei
neeyieai eo a e?oiiua, eioi?ua eiiathony /a?ac 2 nooie, ia?acoy
o?oaeiicaaeeaathuea ycau. NC: oa aea.
Oaeooathuaai aeaenoaey (oinaai). Ii?aaeatho eaai/ioth oeaiue /aeiaaea
/a?ac i?aaiu aeuoaiey (oinaai) e aucuaaao ioae eaaeeo ni nia?oaeueiuie
neo/ayie. II: neaaeeiaaoue i?eaeon ai ?oo, eaaeia aieiaie?oaeaiea, iauay
neaainoue, oioiioa, ?aioa, o/auaiiia na?aeoeaaeaiea, noaniaiea a
a?oaeiie eeaoea, auaeaeaiea iie?iou, iineiaiea aoa, uae, oaiia?aoo?a
39°N, ioae eaaeeo – ianeieueei nooie, caoai – nia?oue. NC: oa aea,
aioa/ea.
Ineoioeie/aneiai aeaenoaey (ae-caae). Aeaenoaoao ia OeIN, aucuaay
aaeethoeeiaoeee, no?ao, iiaeaaeaiiinoue, neaiioo eee aeooioo. I?e
aunieie eiioeaio?aoeee – ia?aee/. I?e aaeuoaiey ca?aaeaiiiai aicaeooa
aeaenoaea ianooiaao /a?ac 30-40 ieioo a caaeneiinoe io eiioeaio?aoeee.
II: o/auaiiia na?aeoeaaeaiea, nooinoue ai ?oo, caooiaieaaiea c?aiey,
oaoeay iioiaeea. A iineaaeothuea 8 /ania ianooiaao ioeaiaiaiea,
caoi?iaaeeaaiea ?a/e, /aeiaae noieo e ie/aai ia aeaeaao. NC: oa aea.
Iauayaeiaeoiai aeaenoaey (neieeueiay e-oa, oei?-oeeai). Ii?aaeatho e
ia?ooatho aeayoaeueiinoue iiiaeo nenoai, a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue –
e?iaaiinioth e ia?aioth, a oae aea i?aaiu aeuoaiey, AEEO (n ieuae e
aiaeie), eiaeiua iie?iau i?e aunieeo e aeeeoaeueiuo eiioeaio?aoeeyo.
Auno?iaeaenoaothuea. II: iai?eyoiue iaoaeee/aneee i?eaeon ai ?oo,
?acae?aaeaiea aeac, coae a ai?ea, aieiaie?oaeaiea, oioiioa, ?aioa,
no?ao, ?anoe?aiea c?a/eia, ia?aaiiia?iia aeuoaiea, iioa?y niciaiey,
i?enooiu noaei?iae, ia?aee/, nia?oue io inoaiiaee aeuoaiey.
?acae?aaeathuaai aeaenoaey (ne-yn, oei?oeaoioaiii). ?acae?aaeatho aeaca
e i?aaiu aeuoaiey. II: ino?ia aeaeaiea e aieue ai ?oo. I?e aieueoeo
eiioeaio?aoeeyo aucuaaao iaeiae ioe?uouo o/anoeia oaea. Eiiaaea –
ia?aee/ i?aaiia aeuoaiey. NC: oa aea.
31. Aiacaiiia i?ae?auaiea na?aea/iie aeayoaeueiinoe e aeuoaiey. Ia?aay
iaaeeoeeineay iiiiuue.
I?e aiacaiiii i?ae?auaiee na?aea/iie aeayoaeueiinoe e aeuoaiey
ianooiaao
ninoiyiea eeeie/aneie nia?oe. Anee n?aco aea i?enooieoue e iai?yiiio
iannaaeo
na?aeoea e eneonnoaaiiiio aeuoaieth, oi a ?yaea neo/aaa
oaeanony nianoe
iino?aaeaaoaai.
Aiacaiiia i?ae?auaiea aeuoaiey e na?aea/iie aeayoaeueiinoe iiaeao
auoue i?e
ii?aaeaiee yeaeo?ioieii, ooiieaiee e a ?yaea ae?oaeo neo/aaa i?e
naeaaeeaaiee
eee caeoii?ea aeuoaoaeueiuo iooae. Iaeaieaa yooaeoeaii
eniieueciaaiea aeey
eneonnoaaiiiai aeuoaiey niaoeeaeueiuo aiia?aoia, n iiiiuueth eioi?uo
aaeoaaaony
aicaeoo a eaaeea. I?e ionoonoaee oaeeo aiia?aoia eneonnoaaiiia
aeuoaiea
aeaeatho ?acee/iuie niiniaaie, ec eioi?uo ?ani?ino?aiai niinia «eci
?oa a
?io».
I?aaeaea /ai ia/aoue eneonnoaaiiia aeuoaiea, iaaei oeiaeeoue
iino?aaeaaoaai ia
nieio e oaaaeeoueny, /oi aai aicaeooiiiniua iooe naiaiaeiu aeey
i?ioiaeaeaiey
aicaeooa, aeey /aai aai aieiao iaeneiaeueii cai?ieeaeuaatho iacaae.
I?e naeaouo
/aethnoyo iaaei auaeaeiooue ieaeithth /aethnoue aia?aae e, iaaeaaeeaay
ia iiaeai?iaeie,
?ane?uoue ?io. Caoai neaaeoao i/enoeoue naeoaoeie ?ioiaoth iieinoue io
nethiu eee
?aioiuo iann e i?enooieoue e eneonnoaaiiiio aeuoaieth: ia
ioe?uoue ?io
iino?aaeaaoaai iieiaeeoue a iaeei neie naeoaoeo (iiniaie ieaoie),
caaeaoue aio iin,
naeaeaoue aeoaieee aaeio, ieioii i?eaeaoue naie aoau e aoaai
iino?aaeaaoaai, nicaeaa
aa?iaoe/iinoue, n neeie aaeooue aicaeoo aio a ?io.
Aaeoaatho oaeoth ii?oeeth aicaeooa, /oiau iia eaaeaeue ?ac
aucuaaea aiciiaeii
aieaa iieiia ?ani?aaeaiea eaaeeo, yoi iaia?oaeeaaaony ii aeaeaeaieth
a?oaeiie
eeaoee. I?e aaeoaaiee iaaieueoeo ii?oeee aicaeooa eneonnoaaiiia
aeuoaiea ia
aoaeao yooaeoeaiui. Aicaeoo aaeoaatho ?eoie/ii 16- 18 ?ac a
ieiooo aei
ainnoaiiaeaiey anoanoaaiiiai aeuoaiey. I?e ?aiaieyo ieaeiae
/aethnoe
eneonnoaaiiia aeuoaiea iiaeii aeaeaoue ae?oaei niiniaii, eiaaea
aicaeoo aaeoaatho
/a?ac iin iino?aaeaaoaai. ?io aai i?e yoii aeieaeai auoue cae?uo.
Eneonnoaaiiia
aeuoaiea i?ae?auatho i?e onoaiiaeaiee aeinoiaa?iuo i?eciaeia nia?oe.
I?e aiacaiiii i?ae?auaiee na?aea/iie aeayoaeueiinoe, i?eciaeaie
eioi?iai
yaeyaony ionoonoaea ioeuena, na?aeoeaaeaiee, ?aaeoeee c?a/eia ia naao
(c?a/ee
?anoe?aiu), iaiaaeeaiii i?enooiatho e iai?yiiio iannaaeo na?aeoea:
iino?aaeaaoaai
oeeaaeuaatho ia nieio, ii aeieaeai eaaeaoue ia oaa?aeie, aeanoeie
iiaa?oiinoe.
Anoatho n eaaie noi?iiu io iaai e eeaaeoo naie eaaeiie iaeio ia
ae?oaoth ia
iaeanoue ieaeiae o?aoe a?oaeeiu. Yia?ae/iuie ?eoie/iuie oie/eaie 50—60
?ac a
ieiooo iaaeeiatho ia a?oaeeio, iinea eaaeaeiai oie/ea ioioneay ?oee,
/oiau aeaoue
aiciiaeiinoue ?ani?aaeoueny a?oaeiie eeaoea. Ia?aaeiyy noaiea
a?oaeiie eeaoee
aeieaeia niauaoueny ia aeoaeio ia iaiaa 3 – 4 ni. Iai?yiie iannaae
na?aeoea i?iaiaeeony a ni/aoaiee n eneonnoaaiiui aeuoaieai. A yoii
neo/aa iiiiuue iino?aaeaaoaai aeieaeiu ieacuaaoue aeaa eee o?e
/aeiaaea. Ia?aue i?iecaiaeeo iai?yiie iannaae na?aeoea, aoi?ie —
eneonnoaaiiia aeuoaiea niiniaii «eci ?oa a ?io», a o?aoee
iiaeaea?aeeaaao aieiao ii?aaeaiiiai, iaoiaeynue ni?aaa io iaai, e
aeieaeai auoue aioia niaieoue iaeiiai ec ieacuaathueo iiiiuue, /oiau
eneonnoaaiiia aeuoaiea e iai?yiie iannaae na?aeoea inouanoaeyoue
iai?a?uaii a oa/aiea ioaeiiai a?aiaie. Ai a?aiy aaeoaaiey aicaeooa
iaaeaaeeaaoue ia a?oaeioth eeaoeo iaeuecy. Yoe ia?ii?eyoey
i?iaiaeyo iiia?aiaiii: 4—5iaaeaaeeaaiee ia a?oaeioth eeaoeo (ia
auaeioa), caoai iaeii aaeoaaiea aicaeooa a eaaeea (aaeio).
Eneonnoaaiiia aeuoaiea a ni/aoaiee n iai?yiui iannaaeai na?aeoea
yaeyaony i?inoaeoei niiniaii ?aaieiaoeee /aeiaaea, iaoiaeyuaainy a
ninoiyiee eeeie/aneie nia?oe. I?e i?iaaaeaiee eneonnoaaiiiai
aeuoaiey e iai?yiiai iannaaea na?aeoea eeoeai iiaeeeiai aic?anoa
neaaeoao iiiieoue, /oi einoe a oaeii aic?anoa aieaa o?oieea, iiyoiio
aeaeaeaiey aeieaeiu auoue uaaeyueie. Iaeaiueeei aeaoyi iai?yiie
iannaae i?iecaiaeyo iooai iaaeaaeeaaiey a iaeanoe a?oaeeiu ia
eaaeiiyie, a iaeueoeai.
37. Eeeaeaeaoeey /?acau/aeiie neooaoeee (*N) aeeth/aao a naay
i?iaaaeaiea a ciia /?acau/aeiie neooaoeee e a i?eeaaathueo e iae ?aeiiao
neeaie e n?aaenoaaie i?aaiecaoeee ii eeeaeaeaoeee /?acau/aeiuo neooaoeee
anao aeaeia ?acaaaeee e iaioeiaeiuo ?aaio, a oaeaea i?aaiecaoeeth
aeeciaiaania/aiey iino?aaeaaoaai ianaeaiey e ee/iiai ninoaaa yoeo nee.
Eeeaeaeaoeey iineaaenoaee *N inouanoaeyaony neeaie e n?aaenoaaie
i?aaiecaoeee, i?aaiia ianoiiai naiioi?aaeaiey, i?aaiia eniieieoaeueiie
aeanoe noauaeoia ?inneeneie Oaaea?aoeee, ia oa??eoi?ee eioi?uo
neiaeeeanue /?acau/aeiay neooaoeey. I?e iaaeinoaoi/iinoe auoaoeacaiiuo
nee e n?aaenoa a onoaiiaeaiiii caeiiiaeaoaeuenoaii ?inneeneie
Oaaea?aoeee ii?yaeea i?eaeaeathony neeu e n?aaenoaa oaaea?aeueiuo
i?aaiia eniieieoaeueiie aeanoe
Neeu e n?aaenoaa a?aaeaeaineie iai?iiu i?eaeaeathony e i?aaiecaoeee e
i?iaaaeaieth ia?ii?eyoee ii i?aaeioa?auaieth e eeeaeaeaoeee /?acau/aeiuo
neooaoeee oaaea?aeueiiai e ?aaeiiaeueiiai oa?aeoa?a a ii?yaeea,
onoaiiaeaiiii oaaea?aeueiui caeiiii.
I?ioeann eeeaeaeaoeee *N iiae?acaeaeyaony ia /aou?a iniiaiua a?oiiu:
1) i?iaaaeaiea anao aeaeia ?acaaaeee;
2) i?iaaaeaiea iaioeiaeiuo aaa?eeii-nianaoaeueiuo ?aaio;
3) i?iaaaeaiea iaioeiaeiuo aaa?eeii-ainnoaiiaeoaeueiuo ?aaio;
4) i?iaaaeaiea ainnoaiiaeoaeueiuo ?aaio (i?aaiecaoeee aeeciaiaania/aiey
iino?aaeaaoaai ianaeaiey e ee/iiai ninoaaa nee eeeaeaeaoeee *N).
?aaiou ia?aie a?oiiu, ?acaaaeea a ciia *N, yaeythony aeaeii iaania/aiey
aeaenoaee nee e n?aaenoa ?N*N, caeeth/athueiny a nai?a e ia?aaea/a
i?aaiai iianaaeiaaiiai oi?aaeaiey e neeai aeinoiaa?iuo aeaiiuo ia
ianoaiiaea a ciia /?acau/aeiie neooaoeee, iaiaoiaeeiuo aeey yooaeoeaiiai
i?iaaaeaiey iaioeiaeiuo ?aaio e i?aaiecaoeee aeeciaiaania/aiey
ianaeaiey.
Auaeaeytho neaaeothuea aeaeu ?acaaaeee:
aeieiae/aneoth; eiaeaia?ioth; iaaeeoeeineoth; ?aaeeaoeeiiioth;
naieoa?ii-yieaeaieieiae/aneoth; oeie/aneoth.
?aaiou aoi?ie e o?aoueae a?oii i?iaiaeyony a e?ao/aeoea n?iee. Iie
eiatho neaaeothuea oeaee:
nianaiea ethaeae e ieacaiea iiiiue iino?aaeaaoei;
eieaeecaoeey cii aaa?ee, eaoano?io e noeoeeiuo aaaenoaee; eieaeecaoeey e
ia?aie/eoaeueiua ia?u a ciiao aeieiai-nioeeaeueiuo e yeieiae/aneeo *N;
ono?aiaiea iia?aaeaeaiee, i?aiyonoaothueo aaaeaieth nianaoaeueiuo ?aaio;
ainnoaiiaeaiea nenoaiu oi?aaeaiey a ciia *N; nicaeaiea oneiaee aeey
iineaaeothuaai i?iaaaeaiey ainnoaiiaeoaeueiuo ?aaio.
Niaea?aeaiea eiie?aoiuo ia?ii?eyoee yoeo a?oii caaeneo io aeaeia *N e eo
ianooaaia.
?aaiou /aoaa?oie a?oiiu, eeeaeaeaoeee *N, i?iaiaeyony iinea iieiiai
ieii/aiey aeaenoaee enoi/ieeia *N. Iie i?iaiaeyony a oeaeyo iaania/aiey
ooieoeeiie?iaaiey iia?aaeaeaiiuo iauaeoia ii i?aaeiacia/aieth
iaania/aiey ii?iaeueiie aeeciaaeayoaeueiinoe ianaeaiey e ia?niiaea
iauaeoia.
?acee/atho o?e aeaea ainnoaiiaeaiey: e?aoein?i/iia, a?aiaiiia e
eaieoaeueiia. E?aoein?i/iia ainnoaiiaeaiea iauaeoia i?iecaiaeyo aeey
oiai, /oiau iaania/eoue eo yenieoaoaoeeth ia ei?ioeee n?ie eee ?aciaia
eniieueciaaiea. A?aiaiiia ainnoaiiaeaiea iia?aaeaeaiiiai iauaeoa
i?iecaiaeeony aeey oiai, /oiau iaania/eoue aai yenieoaoaoeeth ia aieaa
aeeeoaeueiue n?ie. I?e yoii iiaeao i?iecaiaeeoueny /anoe/iia
ainnoaiiaeaiea iia?aaeaeaiiuo nii?oaeaiee e caiaia iai?oaeiaaiey.
Eaieoaeueiia ainnoaiiaeaiea iauaeoia auiieiytho aeey iaania/aiey eo
ii?iaeueiie iinoiyiiie yenieoaoaoeee. Yoo ?aaioo aaaeoo
niaoeeaeece?iaaiiua no?ieoaeueiua i?aaiecaoeee.
30. Iaii?iaeaiey, nieia/iua e oaieiaua oaea?u, ooiieaiea. Ia?aay
iaaeeoeeineay iiiiuue.
Iaii?iaeaieai iacuaaaony iia?aaeaeaiea oeaiae, iaoneiaeaiiia
aicaeaenoaeai ieceeo oaiia?aoo?. Niinianoaotho aicieeiiaaieth
iaii?iaeaiee iaiiaeaeaeiinoue i?e iaoiaeaeaiee ia oieiaea, oiio?aaeaiea
aeeiaiey, iioaiea oaniie iaoae e ae?oaea oaeoi?u. I?e aeaenoaee ia
i?aaieci io?eoeaoaeueiuo oaiia?aoo? i?ienoiaeeo ia aeaaeue oeaiae, a
?aceia caiaaeeaiea a ieo aeeciaiiuo i?ioeannia. Aeaaeue aea oeaiae
ianooiaao i?e eo ia?aaiiia?iii i?ia?aaaiee. Iaeaieaa iiaeaa?aeaiu
iaii?iaeaieth iaeueoeu ?oe e iia, eenoe, noiiu, iin, ooe. I?e ia?aie
noaiaie iaii?iaeaiey eiaea aeaaeiay, iaei/oanoaeoaeueiay, i?e nia?aaaiee
aicieeatho aieaciaiiua iuouaiey, eiaea noaiiaeony aaa?iai-e?aniie eee
eiaao neithoiue iooaiie; i?e aoi?ie noaiaie ia eiaea iiyaeythony iocu?e,
niaea?aeauea aioo?e i?ic?a/ioth eee e?iayienooth aeeaeeinoue; i?e
o?aoueae eee /aoaa?oie noaiaie iaii?iaeaiey eiaea e oeaie
ia/oanoaeoaeueiua, ?acaeaaaony iae?ic iaii?iaeaiiuo o/anoeia oaea. A
neo/aa i?eniaaeeiaiey eioaeoeee iiaeao ?acaeoueny nooay eee aeaaeiay
aaia?aia. Ia?aay iiiiuue: iino?aaeaaoaai ia?aaiaeyo a oaieia iiiauaiea;
i?e iaii?iaeaiee iaeueoeaa ?oe e iia aia/aea i?iecaiaeyo eo
e?aoeia?aiiaiiia aeeo?aoiia ?anoe?aiea nii/aiiie nie?oii naeoaoeie,
caoai iaii?iaeaiiua o/anoee oaea iioneatho a aaeaa oaieoth aiaeo, eeoue
iinoaiaiii (!) aeiaiaey aa aei oaiia?aoo?u oaea (36-37 °N), iinea /aai
aiiaue i?iecaiaeyo ianeeueiia ?anoe?aiea aei iiyaeaiey /oanoaeoaeueiinoe
eiaee.Iaii?iaeaiiue o/anoie eiaee iae?uaatho nooie noa?eeueiie iiayceie,
iino?aaeaaoaai oaiei oeoouaatho, aeey ainiieiaiey oaiea a i?aaiecia e
oeo/oaiey aai e?iaiia?auaiey aeatho ieoue ai?y/ee /ae, eioa, iieiei.
Iaiaoiaeeii oaeaea iaania/eoue iaiiaeaeaeiinoue iaii?iaeaiiuo o/anoeia
oaea, oae eae e?iaaiiniua ninoaeu a ieo noaiiayony i/aiue o?oieeie e
iiaoo aicieeiooue e?iaieceeyiey. Anee ia iaii?iaeaiiuo o/anoeao
iiyaeeenue iocu?e, oi ia ieo iaiaoiaeeii iaeiaeeoue /enooth iiayceo e
aeinoaaeoue iino?aaeaaoaai a iaaeeoeeineia o/?aaeaeaiea. Ai ecaaaeaiea
iiiaaeaiey eioaeoeee /a?ac ii?aaeaiiua o/anoee eiaee ane?uaaoue iocu?e
naiinoiyoaeueii eaoaai?e/anee cai?auaaony.
Ooiieaiea. Ia?aay iiiiuue.Anee iino?aaeaaoee iaoiaeeony a niciaiee, oi
iinea oiai, eae aai auoaueee ec aiaeu, n iaai nieiatho iie?oth iaeaaeaeo
e ia?aiaeaaatho a nooia aaeuea, oaiei oeoouaatho, aeatho ieoue ai?y/ee
/ae eee eioa, i?e iaiaoiaeeiinoe aaiaeyo na?aea/ii-ninoaeenoua
n?aaenoaa.
Anee iino?aaeaaoee iaoiaeeony a aanniciaoaeueiii ninoiyiee, oi oiaaea
aia/aea iaiaoiaeeii i/enoeoue aio iieinoe ?oa e iina io eea e oeiu
iaa?ioouie a /enoue iiniaie ieaoie eee ia?eth iaeueoeaie, caoai
oaeaeeoue ec aeuoaoaeueiuo iooae e aeaeoaeea aiaeo.
Aeey oaeaeaiey aiaeu iaiaoiaeeii anoaoue ia iaeii eieaii, iino?aaeaaoaai
iieiaeeoue aeeaioii ia aaae?i niaiooie a eieaiiii nonoaaa iiae /aeiaaea,
ieacuaathuaai iiiiuue, e, iaaeaaeeaay ia nieio iino?aaeaaoaai, naeeiaoue
aai a?oaeue.
Iinea oiai eae aiaea auoa/ao, iino?aaeaaoaai oeeaaeuaatho ia nieio e,
anee ii?iaeueiia aeuoaiea ia ainnoaiiaeeinue, ia/eiatho aeaeaoue aio
eneonnoaaiiia aeuoaiea, i?e yoii ecaaaay iaaeaaeeaaiey ia aeeaio, oae
eae inoaaoayny a aeaeoaeea aiaea iiaeao iiianoue a aeuoaoaeueiua iooe.
Eneonnoaaiiia aeuoaiea iaiaoiaeeii i?iaiaeeoue iai?a?uaii e aeieai
(auaaao, /oi iino?aaeaaoee ia/eiaao aeuoaoue naiinoiyoaeueii eeoue /a?ac
ianeieueei /ania).
I?e eneonnoaaiiii aeuoaiee aeaeaoue aeaeaeaiey, i?iecaiaeyuea aaeio,
iaiaoiaeeii ?acia?aiii, niia?acii n /anoioie aeuoaiey iino?aaeaaoaai (o
ac?ineuo yoi 16-18 ?ac a ieiooo, a o aeaoae 5-7 eao i?eia?ii 20—25 ?ac a
ieiooo).
Iinea oiai, eae e iino?aaeaaoaio aica?aoeony niciaiea, aai nia?aaatho,
aeatho aio ithoaoue iaoaou?iue nie?o, aaiaeyo na?aea/ii-ninoaeenoua
n?aaenoaa.
Oaieiaie oaea?. Ia?aay iiiiuue.I?e/eiie aicieeiiaaiey oaieiaiai oaea?a
yaeyaony ia?aa?aaaiea oaea i?e iaeiia?aiaiiie ieceie aai oaieiioaea/a.
Oaieiaie oaea? iiaeao aicieeiooue, iai?eia?, i?e oneeaiiii oece/aneii
o?oaea a iiiauaieyo n aunieie oaiia?aoo?ie e aeaaeiinoueth aicaeooa,
oaeaea e oaieiaiio oaea?o iiaeao i?eaanoe iaoiaeaeaiea i?e auneie
oaiia?aoo?a a “iaaeuoauae” neioaoe/aneie iaeaaeaea e i?e iaaeinoaoi/iii
oiio?aaeaiee aeeaeeinoe, ec-ca /aai nieaeaaony iioiioaeaeaiea, /oi, a
naith i/a?aaeue, i?eaiaeeo e ia?aa?aaaieth i?aaiecia.
I?e oaieiaii oaea?a iiyaeythony neaainoue, aieiaie?oaeaiea, oioiioa,
aieiaiay aieue, /anoi neo/aaony ?aioa.
Aeuoaiea i?e yoii o/auaaony, eiiaaea iiaeao aicieeiooue iiniaia
e?iaioa/aiea, a a oyaeaeuo neo/ayo – iioa?y niciaiey, eiia.
I?e ieacaiee ia?aie iiiiue i?e oaieiaii oaea?a iino?aaeaaoaai
iaiaoiaeeii auno?i ia?aianoe a i?ioeaaeiia iiiauaiea eee a oaiue,
iieiaeeoue ia nieio, iiaeeiaeeoue iiae aieiao iiaeooeo eee neiaeaiiia
iaeayei, inaiaiaeeoue io iaoathuae ii?iaeueiiio aeuoaieth iaeaaeaeu.
Iino?aaeaaoaio aeatho ieoue oieiaeioth aiaeo, ia aieiao iaeeaaeuaatho
eiii?ann ec nii/aiiiai a oieiaeiie aiaea iieioaioea eee naeoaoee,
i?ioe?atho oaei oieiaeiie aiaeie. I?e iaiaoiaeeiinoe iieo/eaoaio
oaieiaie oaea? aeaeatho eneonnoaaiiia aeuoaiea, cae?uoue iannaae
na?aeoea.
Nieia/iue oaea?. Ia?aay iiiiuue.
Nieia/iue oaea? aicieeaao i?e aeeeoaeueiii i?aauaaiee aac aieiaiiai
oai?a (iaiaiu, niia?a?i e o.ae.) iiae i?yiuie eo/aie nieioea. O
iieo/eaoaai nieia/iue oaea? iiyaeythony ooi a ooao, aieiaiay aieue,
oioiioa, eiiaaea aicieeatho ?aioa, aieiaie?oaeaiea.
*anoi aianoa n nieia/iui oaea?ii /aeiaae iieo/aao e iaeiae eiaee 1-2-e
noaiaie.
Ia?aoth iiiiuue i?e nieia/iii oaea?a ieacuaatho oaeaea, eae e i?e
oaieiaii oaea?a.
Anee ia?aciaaeny iaeia, oi iaiinyo ia ii?aaeaiiia ianoi eaeie-eeai
einiaoe/aneee e?ai, aacaeei, iiaeii i?eiaieoue e ?anoeoaeueiia ianei.
Ia?aciaaaoeany ia ianoa iaeiaa iocu?e ane?uaaoue cai?auaaony, ai
ecaaaeaiea iiiaaeaiey eioaeoeee.
46 Ooiieaiea
Ooiieaiea – yoi nieaeaiea ?aaioiniiniaiinoe, ianooiathuaa a i?ioeanna
?aaiou. Iuouaiea onoaeinoe yaeyaony iaeiei ec i?eciaeia ooiieaiey.Anee a
?aaioa i?a-iaeaaeaao oinoaaiiia iai?yaeaiea, ooiieaiea oa?ae¬oa?ecoaony
nieaeaieai aieiaiey, i?iaeoeoeaiinoe oinoaaiiiai o?oaea, oaaee/aieai
eiee/anoaa aeiion¬eaaiuo ioeaie, ooiieaieai aiaeecaoi?ia. Anee
i?aiaeaaeatho a ?aaioa oece/aneea oneeey, ooiiea¬iea i?iyaeyaony a
nieaeaiee iuoa/iie neeu.
Nouanoaoao ?yae oai?ee ooiieaiey: oai?ey en¬oiuaiey a iuooeao
yia?aaoe/aneeo caiania, nieaeaiea ?aaioiniiniaiinoe ia?eoa?e/aneeo
ia?aiuo aiia?aoia; iaeiieaiea iiei/iie eeneiou e ae?.i?iaeoeoia iaiaia a
iuooeao; ooiieaiea oeaio?aeueiiai (ei?eiaiai) caaia ia?aiie nenoaiu
(niaeanii yoie oai?ee ooiieaiea i?aaenoaaeyao ei?eiaoth caueoioth
?aaeoeeth e icia/aao nieaeaiea ?aaioiniiniaiinoe a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue
ei?eiauo eeaoie); oai¬?ey «io?aaeaiey» i?aaiecia iiei/iie eeneioie e
ae?. Iaeiaei, ia iniiaaiee ?aaio E.I. Iaaeiaa, I.A. Aaaaeaineiai, E.I.
Na/aiiaa, A.A. Oooiineiai auei aeieacaii, /oi i?ae?auaiea ?aaiou
aneaaenoaea ooiieaiey caaeneo io ninoiyiey oeaio?aeueiie ia¬?aiie
nenoaiu. I?e aeeeoaeueiii aicaoaeaeaiee ii¬?aaeaeaiiuo o/anoeia ia?aiie
nenoaiu ianooiaao ia?aaicaoaeaeaiea e oi?iiaeaiea oneiaiuo ?aoeaenia.
Oi?iiaeaiea iicaieyao eeaoeai ia ?aaae?iaaoue ia iinooiathuea eiioeuenu,
aneaaenoaea /aai i?ae?aua¬aony aeoeaiay aeayoaeueiinoue; oi?iiaeaiea
yaeyaony ia?ie i?aaeoi?aaeaeaiey ooieoeeiiaeueiiai enoiua¬iey eeaoie.
Ooiieaiea iiaeao iaeaieeaaoueny eci aeiy a aeaiue e ia?a?anoe a
ia?aooiieaiea. Ooiieaiea –yoi a?aiaiiia ninoiyiea i?aaia eee oeaeiai
i?aaiecia, oa?aeoa?ecothuaany nieaeaieai aai ?aaioiniiniaiinoe a
?acoeueoaoa aeeeoaeueiie eee /?acia?iie iaa?ocee. O /aeiaaea ?acee/atho
oece/aneia e ineoe/aneia ooiieaiea.
I?e oece/aneie ?aaioa ooiieaiea ia?aaeaaony o?aiy i?eciaeaie:
1)ia?ooaieai aaoiiaoe/iinoe aeaeaeaiey : anee a ia/aea ?aaiou /aeiaae
iiaeao auiieiyoue e iiai/ioth ?aaioo (?acaiai? e o.ae.), oi ii ia?a
ooiieaiey yoa aiciiaeiinoue oa?yaony e iiai/iua aeaenoaey iaiinyo oua?a
iniiaiie ?aaioa.
2)ia?ooaieai aeaeaaoaeueiie eii?aeeiaoeee :i?e ooiieaiee ?aaioa
i?aaiecia noaiiaeony iaiaa yeiiiiiie, ia?ooaaony eii?aeeiaoeey
aeaeaeaiee, /oi aaaeao e nieaeaieth i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe o?oaea, ?inoo
a?aea, ian/anoiuo neo/aaa.
3)ia?ooaieai aaaaoaoeaiuo ?aaeoeee e aaaaoaoeaiiai eiiiiiaioa
aeaeaeaiee :iaeeueiia iioiioaeaeaiea, o/auaiea ioeuena e o.i. Iiae
aaaaoaoeaiuie eiiiiiaioaie iiieiathony i?ioeannu ai aioo?aiieo i?aaiao,
?aaoee?oaiua oeaio?aeueiie ia?aiie nenoaiie.
I?e oinoaaiiie ?aaioa ooiieaiea iiyaeyaony iinea naeaeaia a aaaaoaoeaiie
nenoaia. ?acee/atho o?e oacu ia?aiie aeayoaeueiinoe :
1.O?aaieoaeueiay aeiiioe/aneay oaca – /aeiaae iaeeiaeiai ?aaae?oao ia
nouanoaaiiua e iaeicia/eoaeueiua niauoey (ana ?aaii).
2.I?e ?acaeoee ooiieaiey ianooiaao ia?aaeienaeueiay oaca, eiaaea
/aeiaae ia aaaeiua aeey iaai yaeaiey ii/oe ia ?aaae?oao, a
iaeicia/eoaeueiua yaeaiey iiaoo aucaaoue o iaai iiauoaiiua ?aaeoeee
(?acae?aaeaiea).
Anee iinea ia?aie oacu aeinoaoi/ii iaaieueoiai ioaeuoa aeey
ainnoaiiaeaiey ?aaioiniiniaiinoe, oi iinea aoi?ie oacu o?aaoaony aieaa
i?iaeieaeeoaeueiia a?aiy ioaeuoa.
I?e ia?ooaiee ?aaeeia o?oaea e ioaeuoa iiaeao aicieeiooue ninoiyiea
ia?aooiieaiey, au?aaeathuaany a nieaeaiee ?aaioiniiniaiinoe a ia/aea
?aaiou.
Ia?aooiieaiea — yoi iaoieiae/aneia ninoiyiea, aieaciue, eioi?ay ia
en/acaao iinea iau/iiai ioaeu¬oa, o?aaoao niaoeeaeueiiai ea/aiey.
E?eoa?eyie iai?yaeaiiinoe o?oaea ya¬eythony: iai?yaeaiea aieiaiey (/enei
i?iecaiae-noaaiii-aaaeiuo iauaeoia iaaethaeaiey, aeeeoaeueiinoue
nin?aaeioi/aiiiai iaaethaeaiey a i?ioeaioao io iauaai a?aiaie niaiu,
ieioiinoue neaiaeia eee niia¬uaiee a n?aaeiai a 1 /an), yiioeeiiaeueiia
iai?yaea¬iea, iai?yaeaiea aiaeecaoi?ia, iauai iia?aoeaiie iaiyoe,
eioaeeaeooaeueiia iai?yaeaiea, iiiioii¬iinoue ?aaiou.
53. No?ann. Ii?aaeaeaiea. Iiiyoea i no?anni?ao
Oa?ieiii «no?ann» iaicia/atho ninoiyiea /aeiaaea, eioi?ia aicieeaao a
ioaao ia ?aciiia?aciua aiaoiea e aioo?aiiea neeueiua aicaeaenoaey
(no?anni?u). Iiiyoea no?anna ia?ac?uaii naycaii n eiaiai Aaina Naeuea,
eioi?ue iienae aai eae ianiaoeeoe/aneee ioaao i?aaiecia ia ethaia
eciaiaiea, o?aaothuaa ia?ano?ieee e aaeaioaoeee.
A ia?eiae no?anna iaaethaeathony aaeaioaoeeiiiua eciaiaiey ia
oeceieiae/aneii, ineoe/aneii e iiaaaeai/aneii o?iaiyo. Ae?oaeie neiaaie,
no?ann iiaeii ii?aaeaeeoue eae iiiaieiiiiiaioiue ioaao i?aaiecia ia
ethaia no?anniaia niauoea. Neaaeoao n?aco iiae/a?eiooue, /oi no?anniaui
niauoeai iiaeao noaoue ia oieueei io?eoeaoaeueii yiioeeiiaeueiay
neooaoeey (aieaciue, nia?oue, ?acaiae, iioa?y ?aaiou, i?iaae ia yecaiaia
e o. ae.), ii e niauoea iieiaeeoaeueiia, anee iii o?aaoao aaeaioaoeee e
i?eniiniaeaiey e iiaie, iai?eau/iie neooaoeee. I?eia?ii i/aaeaeii
iiceoeaiuo no?anniauo niauoee iiaoo auoue ?iaeaeaiea ?aaaiea,
iinooieaiea a einoeooo, iieo/aiea aieaa aunieie aeieaeiinoe, iieoiea
eaa?oe?u, aeieaiaeaeaiiia caioaeanoai e o. ae.
Yoe eae iaaaoeaiua, oae e iiceoeaiua niauoey iauaaeeiyao iaeii ea/anoai
– iie o?aaotho i?eniiniaeaiey /aeiaaea e iiaui, eciaieaoeiny oneiaeyi
nouanoaiaaiey. Neaaeiaaoaeueii, ethaia cia/eiia eciaiaiea i?eau/iie
aeecie iiaeii ioianoe e no?anniaie neooaoeee. Eiaiii iiyoiio iiaeii
eiinoaoe?iaaoue, /oi aeeciue aia no?anna iaaiciiaeia, e eaaeaeue /aeiaae
ia i?ioyaeaiee naiae aeecie noaeeeaaaony ni no?anniauie neooaoeeyie
iinoiyiii.
A i?ioeanna yaiethoeee a aeeaioiii ie?a au?aaioaeenue niaoeeaeueiua
iaoaieciu, iaania/eaathuea aaeaioaoeeth i?aaiecia e eciaiythueiny
oneiaeyi ie?oaeathuae n?aaeu. O /aeiaaea e aunoeo aeeaioiuo yoe
iaoaieciu, iiauoay o?iaaiue no?anna, iaania/eaaee ?aaeoeee ai?ueau eee
aaanoaa. A aae iao/ii-oaoie/aneiai i?ia?anna a nia?aiaiiii iauanoaa
/aeiaae /anoi ieacuaaaony a neooaoeee aeaenoaey ineoiyiioeeiiaeueiuo
no?anni?ia e ec-ca nioeeaeueiuo ia?aie/aiee ia iiaeao ?aaeeciaaoue
?aaeoeeth ai?ueau eee aaanoaa. Aic?inoee o?iaaiue no?anna ia iiaeao
?aaeeciaaoueny a yoeo ?aaeoeeyo. Iaeaieeaathueany a i?aaiecia i?iaeoeou
aeayoaeueiinoe no?anniauo iaoaieciia i?eaiaeyo e ?ac?ooaieth iaoaieciia
naii?aaoeyoeee, naeaay aeieiae/aneea ?eoiu ethaeae, eciaiythony
ai?iiiaeueiua e eiioiiua ooieoeee no?anne?iaaiiiai i?aaiecia.
Onoaiiaeaii aeeyiea iiauoaiiiai o?iaiy no?anna e ia aaiaoe/aneee
aiia?ao, /oi nicaeaao oa?ico e aaiioiiaeo /aeiaaea.
Eciaiaiea o?iaiy no?anna – yoi, i?aaeaea anaai, iieaciay aeey i?aaiecia
?aaeoeey, aicieeoay a yaiethoeee, niinianoaothuay iioeiaeueiie
aaeaioaoeee i?aaiecia e iaiythueiny oneiaeyi aeecie. A oi aea a?aiy
neeueiua e iiiaie?aoii iiaoi?ythueany aeaenoaey no?anni?ia iiaoo
i?eaiaeeoue e oai no?aoiui iineaaenoaeyi, i eioi?uo ieooo niaoeeaeenou.
Yenia?eiaioaeueiua e eeeie/aneea iaaethaeaiey iieacuaatho, /oi eo/oa
eniuouaaoue iai?eyoiua ia?aaeeaaiey, noeioee?othuea e iieneo auoiaea ec
cao?oaeieoaeueiiai iieiaeaiey, /ai iaoiaeeoueny a ?anneaaeaiiii
ninoiyiee ianneaiiai oaeiaeaoai?aiey niaie e ie?ii.
No?anni? – iaicia/aiea naiiai ?acae?aaeeoaey — oece/aneiai (oieiae,
aea?a, iiauoaiiia eee iiieaeaiiia aoiinoa?iia aeaaeaiea, eiiece?othuaa
eceo/aiea), oeie/aneiai (oiene/iua e ?acae?aaeathuea aauanoaa),
aeieiae/aneiai (oneeaiiay iuoa/iay ?aaioa, ca?aaeaiea iee?iaaie e
ae?onaie, o?aaia, iaeia), ineoe/aneiai (neeueiua iieiaeeoaeueiua e
io?eoeaoaeueiua yiioeee), a oaeaea eo eiiaeiaoeee.
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