Noaiiaeaiea eeanne/aneiai aeaeaca.
Ieai:
I. Aaaaeaiea.
II. Aeaaiay /anoue:
1) ao?eeaineea ei?ie;
2) ia?aua caoee aeaeaca: “Original Dixieland Jazz Band”;
3) Neaeiae Aaoa e Aeaeicao “Eeia” Ieeaa?;
5) aaeua a aeaeaca;
4) Aeaeaeee ?iee Ii?oii;
6) Eoe A?ino?iia – ia?aue aaiee.
III. Caeeth/aiea.
Nienie eniieueciaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u.
I. Aaaaeaiea.
A iaoa a?aiy, eiaaea /aeiaae, aii?oaeaiiue aeinoeaeaieyie iaoee e
oaoieee, iao/eeny ?ani?ino?aiyoue eioi?iaoeeth ii anaio caiiiio oa?o n
eaaeinoueth aao?a, aiiythuaai eenouey ii eoaeaeea, o?oaeii eiai-eeai
oaeeaeoue oai, /oi eaeae oie eee eiie eoeueoo?u iaiaeeaeaiii
iaia?oaeeaathony a ae?oaii, aeaeaeii io iaa ?aeiia ie?a. E iianaianoiia
?ani?ino?aiaiea ca eaeea-ieaoaeue oanoueaeanyo – naiueaeanyo eao oaeiai
oieeaeueiiai yaeaiey, eae aeaeac, aaeaa ee ia naiue ii?aceoaeueiue oaeo
iiaiai a?aiaie. A ia?eiae ia?aie ie?iaie aieiu, eiaaea aeaeac Iiaiai
I?eaaia e i?eeaaathuaai e iaio ?aeiiia aua aue ia?iaeiie iocueie,
eiee/anoai aeaeaciauo iocueaioia ia i?aauoaei ianeieueei nioai, a /enei
neooaoaeae, a iniiaiii i?aaenoaaeoaeae iaa?eoyineie aaaeiiou ec aeaeueou
Ienneneie, ia aeinoeaaei e iyoeaeanyoe ouny/. E 1920 aiaeo aeaeac noae
ecaanoai, eiiaaea a aeaea aeiaieueii iaoiaeuo eieoaoeee, anthaeo a
Niaaeeiaiiuo Ooaoao Aia?eee. *a?ac aeanyoue eao aai noaee eniieiyoue e
neooaoue a aieueoeinoaa e?oiiuo ai?iaeia Aa?iiu. E 1940 aiaeo aai oaea
ciaee ai anai ie?a, a e 1960 aiaeo ii aue iianaianoii i?eciai eae
naiinoiyoaeueiue iocueaeueiue aeai?, aeaaea eae iniaue aeae eneonnoaa.
Aeaeac ieeiaaea ia aue iiioey?iie iocueie. Ianiiiaiii, a?aiy io a?aiaie
ioaeaeueiua oi?iu aeaeaca noaiiaeeenue iiioey?iuie: oae auei n
“aeaeaciaie” iocueie 20-o, ni “naeiaii” 1935 – 1945 aa., oae ianoieo
aeaei ni noeeai “?eoi-yio-aethc” naaiaeiy (eiia/ii, iiioey?iinoue a
auaoai NNN? yoe noeee ia eiaee). A aeaiiii neo/aa aoaeao oianoii
aiai?eoue i oae iacuaaaiii “inaaaeiaeaeaca” – ana auoaia?a/eneaiiua
iai?aaeaiey eiaee eaeea-oi iaaieueoea yeaiaiou aeaeaca e “auaeaaaeenue”
ca ianoiyuee aeaeac, e neooaoaee, iieoiaaoea oaeea ieanoeiee, eae
i?aaeei ia ?acae?aeenue a aeaeaca. Ii iiaeeeiiue aeaeac – oio, eioi?ue
naie aeaeaciaiu n/eoatho naiae iocueie, – ?aaeei i?eia?aoaao
neieueei-ieaoaeue oe?ieoth iiioey?iinoue.
Aeaeac ieacuaae e i?iaeieaeaao ieacuaaoue aeeyiea ia anth nia?aiaiioth
iocueo. “?ie”, “oaie” e “nioe”, yno?aaeiay iocuea, iocuea eeii e
oaeaaeaeaiey, cia/eoaeueiay /anoue neioiie/aneie e eaia?iie iocuee
caeinoaiaaee iiiaea yeaiaiou aeaeaca. Aac i?aoaaee/aiey iiaeii neacaoue,
/oi eiaiii ia ooiaeaiaioa aeaeaca au?inei caeaiea nia?aiaiiie
iii-iocuee.
Iiiyoue nouiinoue aeaeaca auei anaaaea iaeaaei. Eiaaea Eoe A?ino?iiaa
ni?ineee, /oi oaeia aeaeac, ii ioaaoee oae: “Anee au ni?aoeaaaoa, oi aai
yoiai ieeiaaea ia iiiyoue”. Ooaa?aeaeatho, /oi Oyon Oieea? a iiaeiaiie
aea neooaoeee neacae: “?ac au naie ia ciaaoa, oi eo/oa ia iooaeoanue
iiae iiaaie”. ?ac oae oaeea aaeeeea iocueaiou ia niiaee iauynieoue, /oi
oaeia aeaeac, oi e i?inoiio nia?oiiio yoi ia iiae neeo, e eiaiii iiyoiio
y ia iuoathnue a yoie ?aaioa ?ane?uoue nouiinoue aeaeaca, a noaaeth
oeaeueth ?ane?uoue enoiee yoiai oaiiiaia a iocuea e aai ?acaeoea.
A noaiiaeaiee aeaeaca auaeaeytho o?e ia?eiaea:
1) ca?iaeaeaiea eeanne/aneiai aeaeaca;
2) c?aeue ia?eiae (y?a naeiaa);
3) nia?aiaiaiiue aeaeac: noeee aii e eoe-aeaeac.
Iia eaaeaony, /oi iaeaieueoee eioa?an i?aaenoaaeyao niaie ia?aue
ia?eiae, o.a. ca?iaeaeaiea eeanne/aneiai aeaeaca. Iiyoiio oieueei aai y
iinoa?athnue inaaoeoue a yoie ?aaioa.
II. Aeaaiay /anoue:
1) ao?eeaineea ei?ie
Oi, /oi aeaeac yaeyaony aeaoeuai aia?eeaineeo iaa?ia, ianiiiaiii. ssnii,
/oi iaa?u, iiiaaeay ec Ao?eee a Aia?eeo, i?eaiceee ioooaea naie iau/ae,
o?aaeeoeee. Iniaaiiinoue ei?aiiuo ao?eeaioeaa a oii, /oi iie iinoiyiii
iuouatho naith naycue n iaueiie, iiyoiio iau/ae e o?aaeeoeee iaa?a a
iniiaiii iieacuaatho, au?aaeatho aai naycue n iaueiie: ii
ioiaeaeanoaeyao naay ni naiei ieaiaiai oi/ii oae aea, eae iaeue/eoea – n
ethaeiie nii?oeaiie eiiaiaeie: aa iiaaaeu e ii?aaeaiey ia?aaeeaathony ei
eae ee/iua. Ana, /oi eanaaony ieaiaie, eanaaony e naiiai ao?eeaioea.
*oanoai aaeeiaiey n a?oiiie ao?eeaiaoe, eae e aieueoeinoai
i?aaenoaaeoaeae ae?oaeo eoeueoo?, au?aaeaao a ia?yaeao. Anoue
naaaeaaiua, iioi?iiiua, ioioie/uee e naeueneioicyenoaaiiua ia?yaeu;
anoue ia?yaeu e aeey aieaa iau/iuo niauoee, a?iaea aaeaaeiaaiie iieeoau
eee aeaaea ?acaeaeee iyna.
E?iia ia?yaeia, o ao?eeaioea anoue e ae?oaia n?aaenoai ooaa?aeeoue naith
naycue n iaueiie. Yoi n?aaenoai – iocuea. Iocuea i?aaie/ii aoiaeeo a
aeeciue eaaeaeiai ao?eeaioea. E a iaoae n?aaea iiiai iocuee, ii iu
aini?eieiaai aa eia/a. Aeey ao?eeaioea iocuea iieia nioeeaeueiiai
niunea; n aa iiiiuueth ii au?aaeaao iiiaea ec naieo /oanoa ii ioiioaieth
e ieaiaie, naiuea, ie?oaeathuei aai ethaeyi. A Ao?eea, eiia/ii, anoue e
iocuea, i?aaeiacia/aiiay oieueei aeey oaeiaeaoai?aiey ynoaoe/aneeo
iio?aaiinoae, ii aa n?aaieoaeueii iaiiiai. Aieueoae /anoueth ao?eeaineay
iocuea eiaao ?eooaeueiue eee iauanoaaiiue oa?aeoa?. Eiuie neiaaie, iia
i?ecaaia nicaeaoue eaiao aeey ae?oaie aeayoaeueiinoe eee aea aianoe a
iaa aeoeaiia aeeiaie/aneia ia/aei. *anoi iocuea yaeyaony n?aaenoaii
au?aaeaiey yiioeee, eioi?ua aucuaaao oi eee eiia niauoea.
*oi aea i?aaenoaaeyao niaie yoa iocuea? Iaeaieaa iauay oa?aeoa?enoeea aa
ninoieo a oii, /oi iia iaioaeaeeia io aeaeaeaiee /aeiaa/aneiai oaea. Iia
ia?ac?uaii naycaia n oeiieaie a eaaeioe, i?eoiiouaaieai e, /oi iniaaiii
aaaeii, n iaieai. Ao?eeaineay iocuea – yoi i?aaeaea anaai iocuea
aieaeueiay. Aeaeaei ia ana ao?eeaioeu ea?atho ia aa?aaaia eee ia ae?oaeo
eino?oiaioao, ii ethaie ao?eeaiaoe iiao e eae nieeno, e a a?oiia,
iai?eia? ai a?aiy eieeaeoeaiiai o?oaea, eee o/anoaoao a ?aniiini?iii
iaiee. Ao?eeaioeu /aua anaai iitho a oienii, ianoiyuaa aa?iiie/aneia
iaiea o ieo ano?a/aaony ?aaeei.
Iaaei ioiaoeoue iaiiiai/eneaiiinoue ao?eeaineeo iaeiaee/aneeo
eino?oiaioia ii n?aaiaieth n iiiaeanoaii aeooiauo, no?oiiuo e eeaaeoiuo
eino?oiaioia, eioi?ua nouanoaotho a Aa?iia. I?e/eia eo
iaiiiai/eneaiiinoe aeinoaoi/ii i?inoa: ao?eeaineay iocuea iineo
?eoie/aneee oa?aeoa?.
Iiiyoue, ianeieueei neiaeai e o?oaeai – ii e?aeiae ia?a aeey ian – ?eoi
ao?eeaineie iocuee, iaiocueaioo nianai iai?inoi. Aiciiaeii, eo/oee
niinia iieo/eoue i?aaenoaaeaiea i iai – yoi iiiuoaoueny ?aaiiia?ii
ioaeoue iiaie aeaa oaea?a, a ?oeaie ca oi aea a?aiy naeaeaoue o?e
oeiiea. Iiuoiue iocueaio eaaei ni?aaeony n oaeie caaea/ae; nooaeaio
iocueaeueiiai o/aaiiai caaaaeaiey oiaea aeieaeai noiaoue naeaeaoue yoi.
A oaia?ue, nio?aiyy iinoiyiiue ?eoi oaea?ia iiaie, iinoa?aeoanue
oaeaieoue eee oo?ieoue eaaeaeue oeiiie ?oeaie, eee /a?aaeiaaoue o?ieiie
e aeaieiie oeiiee, eee neieiie?iaaoue. Oaeay caaea/a iiaeao ieacaoueny
o?oaeiiauiieieiie aeaaea aeey iiuoiiai i?ioanneiiaea. A ao?eeaiaoe
aeaeaao yoi n iaiau/aeiie eaaeinoueth, i?e/ai ia oiia ia aaeeie/iiai
iao?e/aneiai ioeuena, a n?aco ianeieueeeo, /anoue eioi?uo iai iieaaeaony
niaa?oaiii ia naycaiiie n inoaeueiuie.
Oaeay ea?a n eniieueciaaieai “ia?ae?anoiuo ?eoiia” – iniiaa ao?eeaineie
iocuee. “Aio /oi aiai?eo A.I. Aeaeiin, iaeei ec aaaeoueo
iocueiaaaeia-ao?eeaienoia: “A yoii ninoieo nouiinoue ao?eeaineie iocuee;
yoi oi, e /aio ao?eeaiaoe no?aieony. A nicaeaiee ?eoie/aneeo eiioeeeoia
ii iaoiaeeo ianeaaeaeaiea”. Ia any ao?eeaineay iocuea oaeiaa; /anoue aa
iniiaaia ia naiaiaeiie iao?eea, oi anoue ia eiaao /aoeiai ?eoie/aneiai
?enoiea; yoi i?aaeaea anaai iia?aaaeueiia ianie ianie e iaeioi?ua
eoeueoiaua caeeeiaiey. Ii aieueoay /anoue ao?eeaineie iocuee ia?ac?uaii
naycaia n ?eoie/aneie iieeoiieae. Iaeciaiiui inoaaony a?aoiae-aeo (?eoi,
eioi?ue i?e i?ineooeaaiee ianie/iaeiaeee iu iiaeai ioaeaaoue iiaie (io
aiae. ground – caiey)); ii iiaeao caaeaaaoueny aa?aaaiii, iiaaie
oaioei?a eee oeiieaie neooathueo. Eiiaaea ii ionoonaoao a ?aaeueiii
cao/aiee – a oaeeo neo/ayo ii iiae?acoiaaaaony eae iocueaioaie, oae e
neooathueie (iai?eia?, iu ana iiaeai iuouooue iao?e/aneee ioeuen ianie,
ia ioaeaay n/ao iiaie). Ia ionooeeaaaiue iiaie a?aoiae-aeo
iaeeaaeuaaaony iaeei eee ianeieueei ?eoie/aneeo aieinia, ii?o/aaiuo
aa?aaaiai eee ae?oaei eino?oiaioai, oaioei?ai eee iaaoeai. O?oaeiinoue
ninoieo a oii, /oiau no?iai auaea?aeaoue naith ?eoie/aneoth eeieth a
ie?oaeaiee ae?oaeo ?eoie/aneeo aieinia, /anoue eioi?uo eeoue
iacia/eoaeueii ioee/aaony io aaoaai, oiaaea eae ae?oaea n iei ii/oe ia
naycaiu. Oaeaea iaaei neacaoue i oii, /oi ao?eeaineee caoei?yae neeueii
ioee/aaony io aa?iiaeneiai (a aieueoeinoaa neo/aaa ionoonaea iieooiiia),
i oyaioaiee e ia/aoeiio, a?oaiaaoiio oaia?o cao/aiey; a aeaeaca ii
iieo/ee iacaaiea “aea?oe-oii” (io aiae. dirty – a?yciue). Ia?yaeo n
ioeacii io “/enouo oaia?ia” aeey aia?eeaineie iocuee oa?aeoa?iu oaeaea
caoee n iaii?aaeaeaiiie eee iaonoie/eaie aunioie. Aiiaua, oi/iinoue
aini?iecaaaeaiey oeene?iaaiiie auniou caoea aeey ao?eeaioea ia eiaao
oiai cia/aiey, eaeia i?eaeaao ae iocueaio aa?iiaeneie o?aaeeoeee.
Ana yoe yeaiaiou, i?enouea iocueaeueiie eoeueoo?a iaa?ia, iaoee naia
io?aaeaiea a aeaeaca: i/aiue /anoi nieeno ooiaeeo io iniiaiie
?eoie/aneie eeiee, eioi?oth aea?aeeo ?eoi – a?oiia, eniieueciaaiea
“aea?oe-oiiia” e oiiia n iaii?aaeaeaiiie aunioie (yoe oiiu iiaeii
aini?iecaanoe oieueei ia iocueaeueiuo eino?oiaioao n iaoeene?iaaiiie
aunioie caoea, iai?eia? ii/oe ia ethaii aeooiaii eino?oiaioa (naenioiia,
o?oaa e o.ae.), /aai iaeuecy neacaoue i oi?oaieaii, aaea aunioa caoea
oeene?iaaiiay.
Ii, ianiio?y ia iaee/ea ao?eeaineeo /a?o, aeaeac – yoi ia ao?eeaineay
iocuea, eai neeoeii iiiai oianeaaeiaaii ei io iaa?eoyineie eoeueoo?u.
Aai eino?oiaioiaea, iniiaiua i?eioeeiu aa?iiiee e oi?iu eiatho nei?aa
aa?iiaeneea, /ai ao?eeaineea ei?ie. Oa?aeoa?ii, /oi iiiaea aeaeiua
ieiia?u aeaeaca auee ia iaa?aie, a e?aieaie n i?eianueth iaa?eoyineie
e?iae e iaeaaeaee nei?aa aa?iiaeneei, /ai iaa?eoyineei, iocueaeueiui
iuoeaieai. Ei?aiiua ao?eeaioeu, i?aaeaea ia ciaaoea aeaeaca, ia
iiieiatho aai, oi/ii oae aea oa?ythony aeaeaciaiu i?e ia?aii ciaeiinoaa
n ao?eeaineie iocueie. Aeaeac – yoi oieeaeueiue nieaa i?eioeeiia e
yeaiaioia aa?iiaeneie e ao?eeaineie iocuee.
Eaeea aea iocueaeueiua oa/aiey e noeee iiaeeyee ia noaiiaeaiea aeaeaca?
E?iia ao?eeaineie eoeueoiaie iocuee, eioi?oth iaa?u i?eaacee n niaie ia
aia?eeaineoth caieth (nie?e/oyeu, eioi?ua auee iaiouaieaiie /anoueth
iaa?eoyineeo ?aeeaeiciuo oea?aiiiee, no?eo-e?ae – ianie oee/iuo
oi?aiaoeaa, oi?e-niia – ianie, eioi?ua eniieiyeenue iaa?aie i?e
niaa?oaiee eaeie-eeai iiiioiiiie ?aaiou) naia aeeyiea ieacaee aethc e
?ya-oaei – noeee, eioi?ua iiyaeeenue a ia/aea 20-o aiaeia.
2) Ia?aua caoee aeaeaca: “Original Dixieland Jazz Band”
Oe?ieiecaanoiay eaaaiaea aeaneo, /oi aeaeac ?iaeeeny a Iiaii I?eaaia,
ioeoaea ia noa?uo eieaniuo ii?ioiaeao aeia?aeny ii Ienneneie aei
Iaioena, Naio-Eoena e iaeiiaoe aei *eeaai. Iainiiaaiiinoue yoie eaaaiaeu
a iineaaeiaa a?aiy noaaeeanue iiae niiiaiea ?yaeii enoi?eeia aeaeaca, e
a iaoe aeie auooao iiaiea,/oi aeaeac aiciee a iaa?eoyineie noaeoeueoo?a
iaeiia?aiaiii a ?aciuo ianoao Aia?eee, a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue a
Iueth-Ei?ea, Eaican-Neoe, *eeaai e Naio-Eoena.
E ana-oaee noa?ay eaaaiaea, ii-aeaeeiiio, iaaeaeaea io enoeiu. Aeaeac
aeaenoaeoaeueii aiciee a Iiaii I?eaaia, a aai aaaeiuo eaa?oaeao e
i?eai?iaeao, e iioii ?ani?ino?aieeny (oioy e ia iaycaoaeueii, ii anae
no?aia. Anoue iniiaaiey i?eiyoue eiaiii yoo aa?neth. Ai-ia?auo, a aa
iieueco aiai?yo naeaeaoaeuenoaa noa?uo iocueaioia, eioi?ua aeeee a
ia?eiae auoiaea aeaeaca ca i?aaeaeu iaa?eoyineeo aaooi. Ana iie
iiaeoaa?aeaeatho, /oi iiaii?eaineea iocueaiou ea?aee niaa?oaiii
iniaaiioth iocueo, eioi?oth n aioiaiinoueth eiie?iaaee ae?oaea
eniieieoaee.
Oi, /oi Iiaue I?eaai – eieuaaeue aeaeaca, iiaeoaa?aeaeatho e a?aicaiene.
“Ana aac eneeth/aiey aeaeaciaua ieanoeiee, caienaiiua iaa?aie e aaeuie
aei 1924, a iiaeao auoue e aei 1925 aiaea, naeaeaiu iocueaioaie ec
Iiaiai I?eaaia eee ioe?iaaiiuie eieoaoi?aie noeey eo ea?u”.
Ii, aiciiaeii, naiia oaaaeeoaeueiia naeaeaoaeuenoai a iieueco oiai, /oi
?iaeeia aeaeaca – Iiaue I?eaai, caeeth/aaony a oa?aeoa?a naiiai ai?iaea.
Iiaue I?eaai ia iioiae ie ia iaeei ai?iae NOA. Yoio ai?iae aoeaaeueii
i?iiecai iocueie e oaioeaie. Aanaeue, ooiiue,iano?ue, ii auaeaeyeny
n?aaee ae?oaeo ai?iaeia naiae iocueaeueiinoueth e iiyoiio aeaaae iaa?o
aieueoa aiciiaeiinoae aeey naiiau?aaeaiey, /ai ethaie ae?oaie ai?iae ia
THaa NOA. N oi/ee c?aiey aeaeaca iniaaiii aaaeai oio oaeo, /oi a Iiaii
I?eaaia nooanoaiaaea oieeaeueiay noaeoeueoo?a oaiiieiaeeo e?aieia.
A ia?eiae iaaeaeo 1895 e 1910 aiaeaie a Iiaii I?eaaia neeaaeuaaaony
aieueoay a?oiia iocueaioia, ea?aaoeo naioth ?acee/ioth iocueo – aethcu,
?aaoaeiu, ia?oe, iiioey?iua a auoo ianie, iiio??e ia oaiu ec iia?iuo
oaa?oth? e a?ee, nianoaaiiua i?eaeiaeueiua iueanu. A?ino?iia
aiineaaenoaee /anoi aeeth/ae a naie eii?iaecaoeee o?aaiaiou iiioey?iuo
iia?iuo iaeiaeee. Eae i?aaeei, oeaaoiua e?aieu ia ea?aee aethcu,
i?aaeii/eoay ei eeanne/aneoth iocueo, a iaa?ia, iai?ioea, aeaeea iocuea
“a?oaay”, ianuuaiiay ?aa-?eoiaie e neieiiaie, aeeceeie eo ?iaeiiio
oieueeei?o. Yoe aeaa iai?aaeaiey iinoaiaiii neeaaeenue: ia?o, ?aaoaei,
oi?e-niia, aethc – aa?iiaece?iaaiiay ao?eeaineay iocuea e
ao?eeaiece?iaaiiay aa?iiaeneay iocuea – ana aa?eeinue a iaeiii eioea. E
aio iaeiaaeaeu ec yoie iaoaieiu aicieeea iocuea, aeinaea iaaaaeiiay, ie
ia /oi ia iioiaeay, – iocuea, eioi?ie ca o?e iineaaeothueo aeanyoeeaoey
i?aaenoiyei iieeiooue oeeoeu Iiaiai I?eaaia, oaanaeeoaeueiua caaaaeaiey
e oaioecaeu e caaiaaaoue aanue ie?.
26 oaa?aey 1917 aiaea a Iueth-Ei?eneie nooaeee oe?iu “Victor” caienaee
ia?aoth aeaeaciaoth a?aiieanoeieo. Cia/aiea yoiai niauoey a enoi?ee
aeaeaca ia?aioeaieoue iaaiciiaeii. Aei auoiaea a naao yoie ieanoeiee
aeaeac aue ne?iiiui ioaaoaeaieai iocueaeueiiai oieueeei?a, e?oa aai
eniieieoaeae ia?aie/eaaeny ianeieueeeie nioiyie iaa?ia e ai?noeie aaeuo
iiaii?eaaioeaa, ca i?aaeaeaie yoiai ai?iaea aai neuoaee e?aeia ?aaeei.
Iinea auoiaea ieanoeiee “aeaeac” a oa/aiea ianeieueeeo iaaeaeue ioaeiiee
Aia?eeo, a iyoa?i aaeuo iocueaioia noaee ciaiaieoinoyie. Iie iacaaee
naie i?eano? “Original Dixieland Jazz Band”.
Iiiaea aeanyoeeaoey enneaaeiaaoaee aeaeaca ia iiaoo ne?uoue
iaaeiaieuenoaa e ?acae?aaeaiey ii iiaiaeo oiai, /oi caienue ia?aie
aeaeaciaie ieanoeiee i?eiaaeeaaeeo a?oiia aaeuo iocueaioia, a ia
iaa?eoyineiio i?eano?o.
“Original Dixieland Jazz Band” n/eoaeny ainaiaeai aac ?oeiaiaeeoaey, ii
ia naiii aeaea oeaio?aeueiie oeao?ie a iai aue ei?iaoeno Iee aea Ea
?ieea, eioi?ue ia oieueei caaeaaae oii eae eniieieoaeue, ii e
?oeiaiaeeoaeue anaie aeaeaie a?oiiu.
Ca aeaa eee o?e iaaeaee ainaiaeue iiaii?eaaineeo iocueaioia iiei?ee
aanue Iueth-Ei?e. Aiaaaeaiaiou neaaeiaaaee iaeei ca ae?oaei,
Iiioey?iinoue ainaiaey e i?eaaea e iiyaeaieth ia?auo aeaeaciauo
a?aiieanoeiie. Oe?aae eo ia?aie ieanoeiee i?aaunee ieeeeii yecaiiey?ia –
oeeo?a ii oai a?aiaiai ianeuoaiiay. A iineaaeothuea aiaeu ainaiaeue
caienae ieiei aethaeeiu ieanoeiie e niaa?oee aano?ieueioth iiacaeeo ii
Aiaeee. Ni a?aiaiai ii i?eia?aoae ana aieaa eiiia?/aneee oa?aeoa? e a
na?aaeeia 20-o aiaeia ?aniaeny. A 1936 aiaeo ainaiaeue aiiaue
iiiuoaeenue aic?iaeeoue, ii, iineieueeo ii ia eiae oniaoa o ioaeeee, ec
yoie caoae ie/aai ia auoei.
A iaoe aeie ainaiaeue “Original Dixieland Jazz Band” i?aaenoaaeyao
eioa?an aeaaiui ia?acii aeey enoi?eeia aeaeaca. Aieueoeinoai nia?aiaiiuo
neooaoaeae iaoiaeyo eo iocueo neo/iie e aeaaea iaeaiie. Iaeiaei a naia
a?aiy eo aaoi?eoao o ioaeeee aue i/aiue aunieei. A oa/aiea aeaoo-o?ao
eao, iiea ia auei caienae ae?oaeo aeaeac-ayiaeia, yoio ainaiaeue aue
aaeeinoaaiiui a naiai ?iaea. Eaaeaeue aia?eeaiaoe, oioue
neieueei-ieaoaeue eioa?aniaaaoeeny iiioey?iie iocueie, ciae eo
ieanoeiee. Iieiaeua iocueaiou, aieueoae /anoueth aaeua, eco/aee yoo
iocueo ii a?aicaienyi oaeo ca oaeoii, iiea ia cao/eaaee ia?oee anao
eino?oiaioia iaeconoue. I?eano?u n onoiyaoaeny ?aiooaoeeae,
iiaeaeaaoenue iiaeiiio iiaao?eth, iuoaeenue eieoe?iaaoue aeaeac e
aini?iecaanoe oa?aeoa?iue ?aa-?eoi.
Auoiaeo aeaeaca ec iaa?eoyineeo ?aeiiia Iiaiai I?eaaia niinianoaiaaei
iaeii aaaeiia ianoiyoaeuenoai: iaoaiecaoeey ?acaea/aiee, i?aaeaea anaai
?ani?ino?aiaiea oiiia?aoe/aneie caoeicaiene. Ii caoeicaienue auea ia
ia?aui ecia?aoaieai, ieacaaoei aeeyiea ia ?acaeoea aeaeaca. Aaaeioth
?ieue a iiioey?ecaoeee ?aaoaeia nua?aei iaoaie/aneia oi?oaieaii,
iicaieeaoaa oai, eoi ieioi aeaaeae eino?oiaioii, oneuoaoue o naay aeiia
iueanu Aeaeiieeia e ae?oaeo ecaanoiuo a oi a?aiy iocueaioia. Iii
neoaeeei oaeaea aaaeiui n?aaenoaii iao/aiey iieiaeuo eniieieoaeae.
Iaiaei ia/eiathueo ieaienoia ?aaoaeia au?aaaouaaee naith oaoieeo, neaaey
ca eeaaeoaie, i?eaiaeeiuie a aeaeaeaiea aiiioe?iaaiiui a iaoaie/aneia
oi?oaieaii niaoeeaeueiui ono?ienoaii. Iaeiei ec oaeeo ieaienoia aue
Aethe Yeeeiaoii.
Iaeiaei oiiia?ao aue aieaa oieaa?naeai, iaaeaee iaoaie/aneia oi?oaieaii,
e iiyoiio ii auno?i caaiaaae ii/aoiia ianoi a eoeueoo?a XX aaea. Eae au
oi ie auei, ii ii niinianoaiaae ?ani?ino?aiaieth aeaeaca, iniaaiii iinea
oiai, eae oiiia?ao iiyaeeny ii/oe a eaaeaeie naiuea.
Ana yoe yaeaiey e aucaaee iiaaeueiia oaea/aiea iocueie eioi?oth oe?ieay
ioaeeea iacuaaea aeaeacii. A aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe aieueoay /anoue oiai,
/oi iia neooaea, auea eee iau/iie oaioeaaaeueiie iocueie, eee
ia?aaioeaie iiioey?iuo iaeiaeee n ieieiaeueiuie yeaiaioaie aeaeaca.
Oaeoth eiiia?/aneoth iocueo ea?aee eae iaa?u, oae e aaeua iocueaiou. Ae
auea naienoaaiia ia?iaiay iao?e/aneay ioeuenaoeey; n iiiiuueth no?aeei
iocueaiou ecaeaeaee ec eino?oiaioia iaiau/iua “?u/auea” caoee, yeiau
i?enouea aeaeaco. Iaeioi?ua eniieieoaee oaeie iocuee i?ineaaeeenue e
aeaaea ?acaiaaoaee. Naiui ecaanoiui ec ieo aue Iie Oaeoiai.
Oaeoiai ?iaeeeny a 1890 aiaeo, iocueaeueiia ia?aciaaiea iieo/ee ii
eeanno ne?eiee; ea?ae a neioiie/aneeo i?eano?ao Aeaiaa?a e
Nai-O?aioeenei. A 1919 aiaeo ii aicaeaaee oaioeaaaeueiue i?eano? e ca
aeaa-o?e aiaea naeaeae aai naiui iiioey?iui eieeaeoeaii a NOA. Eiaaea
aeaeaciaue aoi aeinoea aiiaay, ii i?enaiee naaa oeooe “ei?iey aeaeaca”.
Nai Oaeoiai aue aeaeaciaiii, ii oi?ioi ?acae?aeny a yoie iocuea, e a
?aciia a?aiy a aai i?eano?a ea?aee ana eo/oea aaeua iocueaiou aeaeaca
oao eao. Eniieiyaiay i?eano?ii iocuea auea eiiicaioiie e iieiicao/iie”
naa?oaeaoaeece?iaaiiay a iioiie caiene, iia i?aoaiaeiaaea ia
“na?ueaciinoue” e i?e yoii auea ii/oe iieiinoueth eeoaia aeooa aeaeaca.
I?aaaea, iaeioi?ui iocueaioai i?eano?a, iniaaiii Aaeaea?aaeo, eiiaaea
aeicaieyeinue ea?aoue ei?ioeea aeaeaciaua niei.
Eiaiii yoo iocueo oe?ieay aaeay ioaeeea i?eieiaea ca aeaeac. Iia,
iaeiaei, auea ia i/aiue ?acai?/eaa, e iiyoiio ia yno?aaeo i?iieeaei
iiiai enoeiiiai aeaeaca. Oaeay neooaoeey iicaieeea ieiia?ai aeaeaca
eiaoue iinoiyiioth ?aaioo, niaa?oainoaiaaoue naia ianoa?noai,
o/anoaiaaoue a caienyo ia ieanoeiee. Eiaiii aeaaiaea?y ouny/ai
a?aiieanoeiie n caienyie ia?aieeanniuo iocueaioia iaoeeiiii aic?anoae
eioa?an e iiaii?eaaineie iocuea.
3) Neaeiae Aaoa e Aeaeicao “Eeia” Ieeaa?
Ia?aua aeaeaciaiu noaee oacaeaoue ec Iiaiai I?eaaia aua a ia/aea 10-o
aiaeia, ii ianniaue eo iouacae ia/aeny a 1917 aiaeo, iinea cae?uoey
Noi?eaeeey. Caiyoinoue iocueaioia a nayce n cae?uoeai Noi?eaeeey (iocuea
a eioi?ii yaeyeanue iaiouaieaiie /anoueth) ioithaeue ia oiaiueoeeanue,
oae eae aieueoeinoai i?eano?ia ?aaioaee aia Noi?eaeeey. Oaeei ia?acii,
yoio oaeo aue /enoi neiaiee/aneee. Iocueaioia aeaeee ia Naaa? i?aaeaea
anaai yeiiiie/aneea niia?aaeaiey, naycaiiua n ?inoii iaa?eoyineeo aaooi
a e?oiiuo ai?iaeao naaa?iuo ooaoia. Oae eee eia/a, aieueoeinoai aaaeoueo
iiaii?eaaineeo aeaeaciaiia iieeioei naie ?iaeiie ai?iae. Aeaia ec ieo
iicaeiaa inoaaeee caiaoiue neaae a enoi?ee aeaeaca. ?a/ue eaeao i
Aeaeicaoa “Eeiaa” Ieeaa?a e Neaeiaa Aaoa.
Neaeiae Aaoa aue aeey aeaeaca oeao?ie iaoeie/iie. Eae i?aaeei, ianoiyuee
aeaeaciaue iocueaio – yoi “eieeaeoeaeno”, oaeiaa niaoeeoeea aeaeaciaiai
eneonnoaa. A Aaoa aue iaeeiieei no?aiieeii. Ii n eaaeinoueth ia?aacaeae
ec Iiaiai I?eaaia a *eeaai, ec *eeaai a Iueth-Ei?e, ec Iueth-Ei?ea a
Eiiaeii, ec Eiiaeiia a Ia?eae, a iioii aiiaue aica?auaeny a Iiaue
I?eaai. Aio auei ana ?aaii, aaea ea?aoue.
Neaeiay Aaoa ioee/aei aa/iia no?aieaiea auoue ia?aui; a ethaie
iocueaeueiie neooaoeee ii anaaaea oioae auoue a oeaio?a aieiaiey, e eae
i?aaeei, aio yoi oaeaaaeinue. Aaeaa ee yoi iiaei ?aniieiaeeoue e iaio
eieeaa-iocueaioia. I?eaee?/eaue e o?aaiaaoaeueiue, iaenoiaue e aeecie, e
a enneonoaa, ii aue iaeiei ec naiuo y?eeo eniieieoaeae a enoi?ee
aeaeaca. Aethe Yeeeiaoii, ai?y/i ethaeaoee Aaoa, n/eoae aai “naiui
oieeaeueiui /aeiaaeii a aeaeaca”. A naiae ioeaiea Yeeeiaoii ia iaeeiie:
aeeyiea Aaoa ia iocueaioia ?aiiaai aeaeaca auei ia?iiiui.
Neaeiae Aaoa ?iaeeeny a 1897 aiaeo a iau/iie e?aieueneie naiuea. A
/aou?iaaeoeaoue eao ii ooae ec aeiia e noae a?iaeyaeie/aoue. A 1918
aiaeo a *eeaai aai oneuoae Oeee Iy?eii Eoe, ecaanoiue iaa?eoyineee
eiiiiceoi? e aee?eaea?. Eoe eiioea?oe?iaae ni n?aaieoaeueii aieueoie
a?oiiie, eioi?ay auea ia aeaeac-ayiaeii, a nei?aa yno?aaeiui i?eano?ii,
eniieueciaaaoei oaa?oth?u, ?aaoaeiu e iiioey?iua iaeiaeee. Eoe i?eaeanee
Aaoa a Iueth-Ei?e, a caoai a 1919 aiaeo e Aa?iio. I?ae?aniue
eii?iaecaoi?, Aaoa noae caacaeie i?eano?a. Auaeathueeny oaaeoea?neee
aee?eaea? oiai a?aiaie Y?ino Aina?ia ienae: “A “Southern Syncopated
Orchestra” anoue auaeathueeny ae?ooic – eea?iaoeno, eioi?ue, eae iia
eaaeaony, ia?aui n?aaee iaa?ia noiae nua?aoue ia eea?iaoa i?aainoiaeiua
aethcu… ss oi/o, /oiau ana caiiiieee eiy yoiai aaieaeueiiai
eniieieoaey, nai aea y ia caaoaeo aai ieeiaaea – aai ciaoo Neaeiae
Aaoa”.
Anee Aaoa e yoiio a?aiaie aua ia onaiee eai?eciue oii caacaeu, oi oaeea
auneacuaaiey iiaeoaeeeaaee aai e yoiio. Ii ea?ae ia oieueei o Eoea, ii
e a ae?oaeo a?oiiao, aano?iee?othueo a Eiiaeiia e Ia?eaea. Iaeiaaeaeu a
Eiiaeiia ii neo/aeii oaeaeae eino?oiaio, ia eioi?ii aio aua ia
i?eoiaeeeinue ea?aoue, – nii?aii-naenioii. A 20-o aiaeao naenioii ana
aua aue iiaeieie e aeaeaciaiu oieueei ia/eiaee aai inaaeaaoue.
Nouanoaoao ianeieueei ?aciiaeaeiinoae naenioiia, eiathueo ?acee/iua
?aaeno?u – io aana aei nii?aii. Nii?aii- naenioii auaaao aeaoo oeiia:
eciaiooue, iioiaeee ia oiaiueoaiiue aeueo – naenioii, e i?yiie,
iaiiieiathuee ii aeaeo ooieuaiiue iaoaeee/aneee eea?iao. Eino?oiaio,
iiiaaoee a ?oee Aaoa, aue i?yiie. Auno?i inaiea aai, Aaoa noae ia?aui
ecaanoiui naenioiienoii aeaeaca. Ii ea?ae ia naenioiia ana /aua e /aua
(ia?eiaee/anee aica?auaynue e ea?a ia eea?iaoa), a caoai iieiinoueth
ia?aoae ia yoio iiethaeaoeeny aio eino?oiaio.
Aaoa aa?ioeny a NOA a ia/aea 20-o aiaeia, e aeaa iineaaeothueo
aeanyoeeaoey ii ?aaioae a iniiaiii caeanue. A 1929 aiaeo ii, i?aaaea,
aano?iee?iaae a Ia?eaea , a a 30-o aiaeao – a Aa?iaiee e ?innee, ii yoi
auee iai?iaeieaeeoaeueiua iiacaeee. A 1949 aiaeo ii ieii/aoaeueii
iinaeeeny a Ia?eaea. O?aioeocu, oi?ioi ciaaoea iocueaioa, i?eiyee aai n
?ani?inoa?ouie iauyoeyie – aaaeue a aeeeao Aaoa oaeea o?aioeocneay
e?iaue. Oia? Aaoa ai O?aioeee a 1959 aiaeo, ie?oaeaiiue ii/aoii e
neaaie.
O?oaeii ia?aioeaieoue aeeyiea Aaoa ia aeaeac. Ieeoi ia iia n?aaieoueny n
iei a ea?a ia nii?aii-naenioiia, aea e ?aaeei eoi iuoaeny eiie?iaaoue
aai noeeue. A oa/aiea 20-o, 30-o e aeaaea a ia/aea 40-o iiiaea
aeaeaciaiu eniuouaaee ia naaa aai aeeyiea. Aeaeiiie Oiaeaean – aaeeeee
aeueo-naenioiieno i?eano?a Aethea Yeeeiaoiia e iaeei ec aaaeoueo
naenioiienoia ie?a – noi?ie?iaaeny eae iocueaio, eco/ay Aaoa; noaey ii
oiio, eae auno?i ?inei ianoa?noai A?ino?iiaa (1923-1926), ii, aeaeeii,
oiaea ia?aiye iaeioi?ua i?eaiu aeaeaciaie o?ace?iaee o naiaai
iiaii?eaaineiai eieeaae. Aoaeo/e iaeiei ec ?iaeiia/aeueieeia aeaeaca,
Aaoa inoaaee caia/aoaeueiua ia?acoeu yoie iocuee.
I?eia?ii a oi aea a?aiy, /oi e Aaoa, iieeioe Iiaue I?eaai ae?oaie
iocueaio, eioi?ue ii neea aeeyiey ia aeaeac iia n?aaieoueny oieueei n
Aaoa. Yoi aue iaeei ec ieayaeu iiaii?eaaineeo ei?ieae ei?iaoa, caaee aai
Aeaeicao Ieeaa?. Ii aue i?e?iaeaeaiiui eeaea?ii, iieiie
i?ioeaiiieiaeiinoueth Aaoa.
Aeaeaciaue iocueaio, eae i?aaeei, auioaeaeai ?aaioaoue a oaniii eiioaeoa
n ethaeueie, /ae oaiia?aiaio ia anaaaea aa?iiie?oao n aai nianoaaiiui.
Iaiaoiaeeii oaeaea eiaoue a aeaeo, /oi eneonnoai aeaeaca nouanoaiaaei a
?aieao eiaeono?ee ?acaea/aiee, eioi?ay noaaeea ia?aae niaie nianai eiua
oeaee. Anee ienaoaeth eee ooaeiaeieeo eeoue ec?aaeea i?eoiaeeony
i?iyaeyoue oiaiea eaaeeoue n aieueoei /eneii ethaeae, oi aeey aeaeaciaia
yoi iianaaeiaaiay caaioa. Aai ?aiooaoeey caaeneo ia oieueei io oaeaioa,
ii e io niiniaiinoe iaoiaeeoue iauee ycue n eieeaaaie.
Ieeaa? aue ec oao, eoi auno?i aoiaeee a eiioaeo ni naiei
i?ioanneiiaeueiui ie?oaeaieai.0i oi?ioi ciae, /oi e eae aeieaeai ea?aoue
i?eano?, oiae iaeoe iiaeoiae e eaaeaeiio iocueaioo e canoaaeoue aai
auiieieoue iaia/aiiia.
Ieeaa? ?iaeeeny a Iiaii I?eaaia a 1885 aiaeo. Iaoue Ieeaa?a oia?ea,
eiaaea aio auei 15 eao, e aai ainieouaaea oaoea. I?eia?ii a oi aea a?aiy
Ieeaa? ia/ae ea?aoue a iaeiii ec ianoiuo aeooiauo i?eano?ia. A ia?eiae
oi?ie?iaaiey ?aiiaai aeaeaca Ieeaa? aunooiae a ecaanoiuo iaa?eoyineeo e
e?aieueneeo ainaiaeyo Iiaiai I?eaaia. A ia/aea 10-o aiaeia ii ?aaioae a
Noi?eaeeea e a ?aciia a?aiy ea?ae i?aeoe/anee ni anaie iiaii?eaaineeie
ieiia?aie aeaeaca. E 1915 aiaeo aai oaea n/eoaee iaeiei ec aaaeoueo
aeaeaciaiia ai?iaea.
A 1922 aiaeo Ieeaa? nia?ae a?oiio iiae iacaaieai “King Oliver’s Creole
Jazz Band”. E?iia Ieeaa?a, a ninoaa a?oiiu aoiaeeee eea?iaoeno Aeaeiiie
Aeiaeaen, aai a?ao, aa?aaaiuee Oi??ai “Aaae” Aeiaen, o?iiaiieno Iii?a
Aetho?a, ieaienoea Eee Oa?aeei e eiio?aaaneno Aeee Aeaeiinii. Ii iayniui
i?e/eiai Ieeaa? ?aoee aaanoe a i?eano? aoi?ie ei?iao. Oi ee aio ia
oioaeinue ea?aoue naiiio, oi ee ii onoaaae e eiioeo aa/a?a, a iiaeao
auoue, aio i?inoi i?aaeeinue ni/aoaiea aeaoo ei?iaoia – eae au oi ie
auei, ii ii i?eaeanee a naith a?oiio aeaaaeoeaoeaeaooeaoiaai Eoe
A?ino?iiaa. Nia/aea a?oiia aunooiaea a eaaa?a “Eeieieuei Aa?aeain”, a a
1923 aiaeo i?eano? i?enooiee e caiene na?ee a?aiieanoeiie, eioi?ui
noaeaeaii auei inoaaeoue cia/eoaeueiue neaae a enoi?ee aeaeaca.
Iaaei ioiaoeoue, /oi iocuea i?eano?a auea iieeoiie/iie (iieeoiiey – a
ia?aaiaea n a?a/. – iiiaiaieinea) e ia ?aaeeinoue neaaeaiiie. Iocueaioai
aeaiu ?iee, e Ieeaa?, eae iiuoiue ?aaeenna?, canoaaeyao anao
i?eaea?aeeaaoueny naiaai caiunea.
Aeaeaciaua iocueaiou iiiaei iaycaiu Ieeaa?o, ii aai neaaa auea
iaaeieaie. A 1928 aiaeo o iaai ?aceaaeeeenue ioiioaiey n iocueaioaie
i?eano?a, a a 1930 aiaeo ii iioa?ye ?aaioo e inoaeny aac n?aaenoa e
nouanoaiaaieth. Aeaeicao “Eeia” Ieeaa? oia? a ieuaoa 8 ai?aey 1938
aiaea.
Ii a eiioea eiioeia aeeciue aicaeaea aeieaeiia Ieeaa?o. Naaiaeiy aai
ieanoeiee ecaanoiu ai anai ie?a, iniaaiii a Aa?iia, aaea aai iiiiyo
eo/oa, /ai a NOA. Iiaii?eaaineee noeeue, aeaeiaeoei i?aaenoaaeoaeai
eioi?iai aue Ieeaa?, eaa a iniiao oae iacuaaaiiai o?aaeeoeeiiiiai
(traditional) aeaeaca, iaeiiai ec naiuo iiioey?iuo aeaeaciauo oa/aiee.
“King Oliver’s Creole Jazz Band” auea ia?aie aeaeaciaie a?oiiie, eioi?ay
nenoaiaoe/anee caienuaaeanue ia ieanoeiee. Eiaaea i?ioea iiaea ia
“Original Dixieland Jazz Band”, oa, eoi ana?ueac eioa?aniaaeenue yoie
iocueie, iiiyee, /oi iiaeeeiiia eneonnoai naycaii eiaiii n i?eano?ii
Ieeaa?a.
4) Aeaeaeee ?iee Ii?oii
A ie?a aeaeaca, aaea yenoeaio?e/iinoue oa?aeoa?a yaeyaony ii?iie, a
y?eay eiaeeaeaeoaeueiinoue – iai?aiaiiia oneiaea, Oa?aeeiaiae “Aeaeaeee
?iee” Ii?oii ana aea oeao?a eneeth/eoaeueiay. Yia?ae/iue aeaeaoe,
aeaaeaeaoe ii/iuo eeoaia, aio?ai?aia?, i?iaeeaaoaeue aeecie – Aeaeaeee
caneoaeeaae au aieiaiey, aeaaea anee au ia nua?ae ca anth naith aeeciue
ie iaeiiai oaeoa iocuee. Ii aue naiiethaea, ouaneaaai, caiin/ea,
oaanoeea, iiaeic?eoaeai, noaaa?ai – ii i?aaeaea anaai ii aue oaeaioeea.
Ii?oii aeieacuaae, /oi eiaiii ii i?eaeoiae “ianoiyuee aeaeac”, e ia
ia?anoaaae iaoaoue a?iiu e iieiee a iiae?aaeaoaeae e oao, eiai ii
n/eoae ieaea naay ii iocueaeueiiio aea?iaaieth.
Aeaeaeee ?iee Ii?oii (aai ianoiyuaa eiy Oa?aeeiaiae Ea Iaio) ?iaeeeny a
naiuea oeaaoiiai e?aiea I. Ea Iaioa a 1885 aiaeo. Eioa?an e iocuea
iaia?oaeeeny o iaai i/aiue ?aii: ii ia/ae aa?aaaieoue iaei/eaie ii
neiai?iaeeai aua a ieaaeai/anoaa; a iyoue eao ia?aoae ia aa?iiieeo,
iioii ia aeoa?o. A naiue eao, eae ooaa?aeaeaao Ii?oii, ii “n/eoaeny
iaeiei ec eo/oeo aeoa?enoia a ie?oaa”, ea?ae a iaaieueoeo no?oiiuo
ainaiaeyo, ninoiyaoeo iau/ii ec eiio?aaana, iaiaeieeiu e aeoa?u.
I?iaiaae Ii?oii naie neeu e ia ae?oaeo iocueaeueiuo eino?oiaioao: ia
ne?eiea, oaea?iuo e ia o?iiaiia. A /aou?iaaeoeaoue eao ii oaeaeny ea?ie
ia oi?oaieaii, eioi?ia nia/aea ioaa?aae. “A iaoae n?aaea, – aiai?ee
Ii?oii, – oi?oaieaii n/eoaeinue aeaineei eino?oiaioii… e y ia oioae,
/oiau iaiy i?icaaee iaiaiueeeiui nuieii”. Iaeiaei, i?aiaeieaa yoi
i?aaeoaaaeaeaiea, ii noae o/eoueny ea?a ia oi?oaieaii o ?aciuo o/eoaeae.
Iinea ?ac?uaa n naiueae Aeaeaeee noae a?iaeyaeie/aoue. Ii ?aaioae ai
iiiaeo ai?iaeao, iaoiaeyueony ia iiaa?aaeuea Iaeneeaineiai caeeaa. Caoai
ii oacaeaao a *eeaai, iioii a Naio-Eoen, Iueth-Ei?e, Ouethnoii, ia
Caiaaeiia iiaa?aaeuea, ec?aaeea aica?auaynue a Iiaue I?eaai.
Ieiei 1923 aiaea, eiaaea Ii?oii ia?aaoae a *eeaai (aaea neeueii aic?in
ni?in ia eniieieoaeae ai?y/ae iocuee e a iaa?eoyineii aaooi, e a eeoaao
aeey aaeuo), ii aue oaea i?ioanneiiaeueiui iocueaioii aunieiai eeanna. E
yoiio a?aiaie ioiineony ia?aay ioaeeeaoeey aai ianai e i?eano?iauo
a?aiaee?iaie, /ooue iicaea ii ia/ae caienuaaoueny ia ieanoeiee eae niei,
oae e n ?acee/iuie ainaiaeyie, aicaeaaeyaiuie ei. N 1923 ii 1939 aiae
ii caienae ieiei 175 ieanoeiie e ianno ?ieeeia aeey iaoaie/aneiai
oi?oaieaii. Anee ia n/eoaoue oi?oaieaiiuo niei, ii/oe anaaaea
ioee/athueony i/aiue aunieei o?iaiai ea?u, neaao Ii?oiio i?eianee caiene
1926-1930 aiaeia, naeaeaiiua aeaaiui ia?acii n a?oiiie “Jelly Roll
Morton and His Red Hot Peppers”. Oaeei ia?acii, Aeaeaeee noae iaeiei ec
naiuo ecaanoiuo aeaeaciauo iocueaioia oao eao; e i?iecioei yoi
aeaaiaea?y caienyi, iineieueeo a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue iie i?eianee aio
oniao o ioaeeee e oaaaeaiea eieeaa, ia eioi?ia ii oae ?ann/eouaae. Eoae,
a 1923 aiaeo Ii?oii aianoa n Aaoa e Ieeaa?ii aue a aaaiaa?aea aeaeaca.
Aeaeaeee ioee/aei ia ?aaeeinoue na?ueaciia ioiioaiea e oiio, /oi ii
caienuaae ni naieie i?eano?aie. A?aiaee?iaee ouaoaeueii i?iaeoiuaaeenue
e ona?aeii ?aiaoe?iaaeenue. I?eano?aiou ea?aee oi/ii, eo eioiie?iaaiea
auei eo/oa, /ai o aieueoeinoaa ae?oaeo aeaeaciauo eniieieoaeae, /uee
caiene nio?aieeenue. Caiene Ii?oiia i?aainoiaeiu e a oaoie/aneii
ioiioaiee: iie aac iiiao e n oi?ioei aaeainii caoea. Iocueaiou, n
eioi?uie i?aaeii/eoae ?aaioaoue Aeaeaeee, auee ia naiuie
ecia?aoaoaeueiuie eii?iaecaoi?aie, ii caoi ioee/aeenue aeia?ioiie
i?ioanneiiaeueiie iiaeaioiaeie; iie ea?aee /enoi, anaaaea no?iai
auaea?aeeaaee iaeiaee/aneoth eeieth. Iiyoiio ieanoeiee eiaee oniao e o
naiuo no?iaeo oeaieoaeae iocuee, e o oe?ieie ioaeeee.
Ii, e niaeaeaieth, a 1928 aiaeo ia/eiaaony Aaeeeay aeai?anney, e
a?aiioiiioth eiaeono?eth ii?aaeaao e?ecen: a 1932 aiaeo iauaa /enei
i?iaeaiiuo ieanoeiie oiaei aei 5 ieeeeiiia, /oi ninoaaeyei eeoue 6%
aiaeiae/iiai iieacaoaey 1927 aiaea. Ii?oii, eae e Ieeaa?, iaiaeeaeaiii
ieacaeny noa?iiiaeiui, e, ia/eiay n 1929 aiaea, aai caacaea iaoeeiiii
noaea eaoeoueny aiec.
Eae au oi ie auei, a ia/aea 30-o aiaeia Ii?oii inoaeny ia o aeae, aea e
caei?iauea inoaaeyei aeaeaoue eo/oaai. Ii oia? 10 ethey 1941 aiaea a
Ein-Aiaeaeaeana, e a iineaaeiee iooue aai, eae e Eeiaa Ieeaa?a,
i?iaiaeaea eeoue ai?noea iocueaioia e iieeiiieeia.
5) Aaeua a aeaeaca
Iieiaeaiea aaeiai iocueaioa a aeaeaca anaaaea auei aeaoniuneaiiui.
Aeaeac iianaianoii n/eoaaony iaa?eoyineie iocueie, ia aaeiai iocueaioa
caeanue niio?yo eae ia /oaeaea, i?e/ai ia oieueei iaa?u, ianoi?iaeaiii
ioiinyueany e oai, eoi aoi?aaaony, eae iie n/eoatho, a eo “naiaeiua
aeaea”, ii e iaeioi?ua aaeua, ooaa?aeaeathuea, /oi “enoeiiue aeaeac”-
i?a?iaaoeaa iaa?ia.
Aia/aea iaa?ai euenoeei, /oi aeaeac ana aieueoa i?eaeaeaao e naaa aaeuo
iocueaioia. Iaeiaei oaea a na?aaeeia 30-o aiaeia, a ia?eiae naeiaa,
eiaaea aaeua iocueaiou noaee iieueciaaoueny oe?ieie ecaanoiinoueth,
ioiioaiea e iei iaa?ia ii aiieia iiiyoiui i?e/eiai eciaieeinue – aaaeue
aaeui eo/oa ieaoeee e i?aaeeaaaee aieaa auaiaeioth ?aaioo.
Aannii?ii, /oi aeaeac aiciee a iaa?eoyineie n?aaea, /oi aieueoeinoai
auaeathueonny aeaeaciaiia – iaa?u e /oi iniiaiua yoaiu ?acaeoey aeaeaca
eae iocueaeueiiai aeai?a naycaiu eiaiii n iaa?aie. Ii iaeuecy
iaaeiioeaieaaoue e ?ieue aaeuo iocueaioia a oi?ie?iaaiee aeaeaca.
A iniiaiii aaeua iocueaiou iuoaeenue aeiaeoueny oniaoa a iiioey?iie
iocuea, ii iaeioi?uo i?eaeaeae e aeaeac. Ia/aei iieiaeeee, eae oaea auei
neacaii, o/anoieee ainaiaey “Original Dixieland Jazz Band”. Ei a?aiaie
iiyaeaiey ia?auo aeaeaciauo a?aiieanoeiie a Iiaii I?eaaia oaea auea
a?oiia aaeuo iocueaioia, eniieiyaoeo ?aaoaei, a i?eaeeceoaeueii a 1920
aiaeo iaeioi?ua ec ieo oaea ea?aee ianoiyuee aeaeac. Iinea oo?i?a,
i?iecaaaeaiiiai auoiaeii a naao ieanoeiie “Original Dixieland Jazz
Band”, e iineaaeothueo aunooieaiee ainaiaey a Iueth-Ei?ea o iaai
iiyaeeenue ouny/e eieoaoi?ia.
A yoi aea a?aiy ia N?aaeiai Caiaaea oi?ie?iaaeinue aieaa eioa?aniia
iocueaeueiia iai?aaeaiea, oaeaea iaoiaeeaoaany iiae aeeyieai caienae
“Original Dixieland Jazz Band”. Iocueaioia yoiai iai?aaeaiey iacaaee
“/eeaaneie oeieie aeaeaca”, iineieueeo naiua ecaanoiua ec ieo o/eeenue a
*eeaai a eieeaaeaea Inoeia e eo ainaiaee aunooiaee i?aeiouanoaaiii a
yoii ai?iaea. Ii a aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe yoe iocueaiou nia?aeenue ni anaai
N?aaeiaai Caiaaea: Aeen Aaeaea?aae ec Aeaaaiii?oa, ooao Aeiaa; O?aie
Oaoaiaoa? ec Eaican-Neoe; Aeaei?aeae Oyoeeia ec Oiieee, ooao Eaican; Ie
Ae ?annae ec Naio-Eoena, Aaiie Aoaeiai ec *eeaai, A iaeioi?ua auee
auoiaeoeaie ec aieaa aeaeueieo iano: Iaen Eaieinee ec A?ieoiia, ianoa/ea
iaiiaeaeaeo io Ainoiia, Oeiaeaee Iaiii ec Iiaiai I?eaaia. Iie iiiai
?aaioaee a Naio-Eoena, Aeao?ieoa e ae?oaeo ai?iaeao yoiai ?aaeiia,
iiyoiio n aieueoei iniiaaieai iiaeii auei au aiai?eoue ia i /eeaaneie
oeiea, a i “oeiea N?aaeiaai Caiaaea”.
Eoae, a eiioea 20-o aiaeia a?oiia aaeuo iocueaioia, aeeth/ay Oeaa?aeaia,
Ie Ae ?annaea, Aaiie Aoaeiaia, Aeena Aaeaea?aaea e ae?oaeo, aia?aua a
enoi?ee aeaeaca iiaea ia ?aaiuo niia?ie/aoue n eo/oeie iaa?eoyineeie
aeaeaciaiaie. E oioy a aeaeaca i?iaeieaeaee aeiieie?iaaoue iaa?eoyineea
a?oenou (oae, aeaeeii, aoaeao anaaaea), aaeua iocueaiou oaea caaiai?eee
a iieiue aiein. A oeaeii aaeua e iaa?eoyineea eniieieoaee ?aaioaee
iainiaeaiii, /oi e?aeia ia?aie/eaaei eo aeeyiea ae?oa ia ae?oaa.
E ana aea oai?/anoai aaeuo iocueaioia ieacaei aicaeaenoaea ia
iaa?eoyineeo eniieieoaeae. Ai-ia?auo, iaoiaeynue iiae aia/aoeaieai
ae?ooiciie ea?u aaeuo eino?oiaioaeenoia ec aeaeaciauo e oaioeaaaeueiuo
i?eano?ia, iaa?u noaee ?aaioaoue iaae niaa?oainoaiaaieai naiae oaoieee.
Ai-aoi?uo, aieiaiea iaa?ia i?eaeaeee iiaua i?eioeeiu a?aiaee?iaee, eo
oneiaeiaiiua aeaeaciaua aa?iiiee.
6) Eoe A?ino?iia – ia?aue aaiee
Eiia/ii aea, oa?aeoa?ecoy yoio ia?eiae aeaeaca, iaeuecy ia neacaoue i
Eoe A?ino?iiaa, ia?aii aaiee a aeaeaca. Anee neiai “aaiee” e icia/aao
/oi-oi a aeaeaca, oi iii icia/aao A?ino?iia, aai oai?/anoai auoa anyeiai
aiaeeca. ?yaeiaie ooaeiaeiee eeoue auyaeyao nouanoaothuea nayce; aaeeeee
aea ooaeiaeiee nicaeaao iiaua, oaeeaeoaeueiua eiiaeiaoeee, iieacuaay iai
aiciiaeiinoe aa?iiie/iiai niaaeeiaiey, eacaeinue au, ?acii?iaeiuo
yeaiaioia. A aeecie e a oa?aeoa?a ?yaeiaiai ooaeiaeieea anaaaea iiaeii
iaia?oaeeoue, ioeoaea ii /a?iae naie eaeae; ano?a/aynue n aaieai, iu
ca/anooth ia a ninoiyiee iiiyoue, eae ii i?eoae e noieue ii?aceoaeueiui
ioe?uoeyi. *oanoai iaeiaeee o A?ino?iiaa auei eneeth/eoaeueiui, e a?yae
ee eoi iiaeao iauynieoue, eae ca?iaeeeny o iaai yoio aea? e a /ai
caeeth/aeinue aai iaae/aneia aicaeaenoaea.
A?ino?iia ia/ae ea?aoue ia ei?iaoa aeiaieueii iicaeii – a
/aou?iaaeoeaoue eao. Ia ciay iio, ca eaeea-ieaoaeue ianeieueei ianyoeaa
ii oae iaeaaeae eino?oiaioi, /oi niia aicaeaaeoue a?oiio oeieueiuo
iocueaioia. *aou?a aiaea nionoy ii oaea aue ei?iaoenoii a aaaeouai
aeaeac-ayiaea Iiaiai I?eaaia. Aua /a?ac /aou?a aiaea aue i?eciai eo/oei
aeaeaciaiii naiaai a?aiaie, a aaaeue aio oiaaea aua ia auei e
aeaaaeoeaoe o?ao eao. E aeaaaeoeaoe ainueie aiaeai ii oaea naeaeae
na?eth caienae, eioi?ua ia oieueei ?aoeoaeueiui ia?acii iiaeeyee ia
?acaeoea aeaeaca, ii e aioee a enoi?eth aia?eeaineie iocuee. Eiia/ii,
aeaeac – yoi eneonnoai iieiaeuo. Aaeaea?aaea ia noaei a aeaaaeoeaoue
ainaiue eao; *a?ee Ia?ea? ooae ec aeecie a o?eaeoeaoue /aou?a. Ana
eo/oaa auei nicaeaii Eanoa?ii ssiaii aei o?eaeoeaoe eao, a Aeeee
Oieeaeae – aei aeaaaeoeaoe iyoe. E ana aea oio oaeo, /oi A?ino?iia a
aeaaaeoeaoue n iaaieueoei eao i?aacioae aeaeaciauo iocueaioia naiaai
iieieaiey, aiai?eo i niiniaiinoyo aieueoeo, iaaeaee iau/iue oaeaio.
Eoe A?ino?iia ?iaeeeny a Iiaii I?eaaia 4 ethey 1900 aiaea. Aeaae e
aaaooea A?ino?iiaa auee ?aaaie. Aai ioaoe, Oeeee, aue iiaeaiuee,
aieueooth /anoue aeecie i?iaae ia iaaieueoii neeieaea?iii caaiaea, aaea
aeineoaeeeny aei iaaeniio?ueea. Iaoue – Iy?e Yii, eee, eae aa caaee
aeeceea, Iyeaii, – auea i?a/eie. A aeooiaiii ?acaeoee nuia Iyeaii
nua?aea aaaeioth ?ieue. E oioy ii?ie iaoue iaoiaeeea Eoe naiei
aieiaieai, eo ethaiaue ae?oa e ae?oao, noaey ii anaio, auea ene?aiiae e
acaeiiie.
?iaeeoaee A?ino?iiaa ?acioeenue ii/oe n?aco iinea aai ?iaeaeaiey, e Eoe
ainieouaaea Aeaeicaoeia A?ino?iia, aaaooea ii iooeianeie eeiee. Ii
ia?aa?aeny e iaoa?e, eeoue eiaaea iioae a oeieo. Iie aeeee o?oaeii, eae
iau/ii aeeaoo a iaa?eoyineii aaooi. A?ino?iia aue ia i?inoi aaaeai – ii
aue aei e?aeiinoe iaaeaeai iaoa?eaeueii e aeooiaii. Iaeaaaeny A?ino?iia
eeoue a oi, /oi ia?aoiaeeei e iaio “ii ianeaaenoao”: aanue aai
“aa?aea?ia” ninoiye ec a?the aea iaeiie-aeaoo ?oaaoae. Ieoaeny ii
neoaeii e iaeiiia?acii. Eiiaaea a iieneao ieue aio i?eoiaeeeinue ?uoueny
a ioni?iuo yueeao. Aie?oa naay ii iaaethaeae iau/ioth aeeciue
Noi?eaeeey, aaea oea?eee aani?iaoaeiia iueyinoai, i?inoeoooeey,
ia?eiiaiey, ianeeea, neo/aeenue e oaeenoaa. Iaeaiueeee A?ino?iia ?aii
noae ca?aaaouaaoue aeaiueae, eioi?uo a naiuea aa/ii ia oaaoaei: aue
iaeue/eeii ia iiaaaooeao, i?iaeaaae aacaou, ?acaicee oaieue… O/eeny ii
o?uaeaie, /anoi aieiaeae. Oaeeaeoaeueii ia oi, /oi ii noae aiaaoui e
ciaiaieoui, a /oi ii aiiaua auaeee.
Aeaonoai A?ino?iiaa, eae e ae?oaeo ieiia?ia aeaeaca, i?ioei a aoiinoa?a
iocuee – ?aaoaeiia, oaioeaa, ia?oae e o.ae. Eiia/ii, o Eoe ia auei
ianoiyuaai iocueaeueiiai eino?oiaioa, ii a eaa?oaoa iiaeiaiuo aio
iaeue/eoae ii iae ca a?ioe ia oeeoeao. Iinoiyiiay niaia ninoaaa eaa?oaoa
auioaeaeaea iaeue/eoae iaoue ia?oee ?acee/iuo aieinia, /oi, ianiiiaiii,
iiaeeyei ia aeaeueiaeoaa noaiiaeaiea A?ino?iiaa eae iocueaioa.
Iiai?ioiia niauoea a aeecie A?ino?iiaa i?iecioei a ia?aue aeaiue 1913
aiaea. Iiaue I?eaai o?aaeeoeeiiii ioia/ae yoio i?acaeiee ooiiuie
oi?aeanoaaie e oaea?aa?eii. ?acaeiaua ienoieao eaeea?a 0,38 aetheia,
A?ino?iia auno?aeee a aicaeoo. Ia ooi yaeeny iieeoeaeneee e a?anoiaae
Eoe. Caoai ii aue ioi?aaeai a eieiieth iaeieaoieo oeaaoiuo “Oyeon Oioi”.
Yoi iiaeao iieacaoueny aeiaieueii aeanoieei iaeacaieai ca noieue
iaaeiiue i?inooiie, iniaaiii a ioiioaiee thioea. Ii na?aeiaieueiue
noaeuey, i/aaeaeii, n/ae ioaeiui ioi?aaeoue ?aaaiea iiaeaeueoa io
Noi?eaeeey. Iiia/aeo A?ino?iia neo/ae ii aeiio, ii caoai “Oyeon Oioi”
noae aio aeaaea i?aaeoueny.
A eieiiee aue aeooiaie i?eano? e oi?.Nia/aea A?ino?iia caienaeny a oi?,
iioii iii?inee ?oeiaiaeeoaey Ieoa?a Aeyaena acyoue aai a i?eano?.
A?ino?iia ia/ae n oaiao?eia, e aai iaiaueiiaaiiia /oanoai ?eoia oae
ii?aceei Aeyaena, /oi ii ia?aaae aai ia oaea?iua eino?oiaiou. Nionoy
ei?ioeia a?aiy A?ino?iia ia?aoae ia aeueoai?i – i?eano?iaue eino?oiaio,
iioiaeee ia ei?iao, ii n aieaa ieceei oiiii cao/aiey. A?ino?iia auno?i
inaiee aai. Iicaeiaa ii ienae: “ss iae oaea iiiaea aiaeu, e einoeieo
iiaeneacuaae iia, /oi aeueoai?i noieue aea iaiouaieaiay /anoue i?eano?a,
neieue aa?eoii eee oaii? – eaa?oaoa. Ia?oey aeueoai?ia oaeaaaeanue iia
i/aiue oi?ioi”.
Iaecaanoii, eaeoth iocueo ea?ae oio i?eano? e ciaee ee aai iaeaiueeea
iocueaiou iiou. N/eoaaony, /oi A?ino?iia ia oiae /eoaoue n eenoa. E
eiaaea ii aiai?ee, /oi ia?oey aeueoai?ia aio “oaeaaaeanue i/aiue
oi?ioi”, ii eiae a aeaeo naith niiniaiinoue aanoe ia neoo aa?iiie/aneoth
eeieth eniieiyaiie iaeiaeee. Aaaeiie iniaaiiinoueth aaiey A?ino?iiaa
auei oiieia iuouaiea aa?iiiee, a oi a?aiy eae iiiaea aeaeaciaiu neaai
i?eaioe?iaaeenue a oai?ee iocuee. Ethaie i?ioanneiiaeueiue iocueaio
iaaa?iyea niia au nua?aoue ana oi, /oi nua?ae A?ino?iia a i?eano?a
“Oyeon Oioi”, any ?acieoea eeoue a oii, /oi a oi a?aiy aio auei anaai
/aou?iaaeoeaoue eao e ii ia eiae ieeaeiai iocueaeueiiai ia?aciaaiey.
Eoae, iaea?aiiinoue A?ino?iiaa auea i/aaeaeia n naiiai ia/aea. Ieoa?o
Aeyaeno i/aiue iii?aaeeny Eoe, eae e iicaeiaa ii i?aaeeny iiiaei, n eai
aai naiaeeea noaeueaa. I?e ia?aie aiciiaeiinoe Aeyaen naeaeae aai
ai?ienoii eieiiee, caoai iao/ee ea?aoue ia ei?iaoa, e a eiioea eiioeia
A?ino?iia noae aaaeouei iocueaioii i?eano?a. Nai A?ino?iia aiai?ee, /oi
Aeyaen o/ee aai iiieiaoue aaaeiinoue i?aaeeueiiai ecaea/aiey caoea,
iaoiaeeoue aa?iue oii, e yoe o?iee auee i/aiue iieaciu.
*a?ac o?e aiaea ioaoe caa?ae Eoe ec eieiiee, ii ii naeaeae yoi ia ec
aeia?uo iiaoaeaeaiee – i?inoi aio auea ioaeia iyiueea aeey aeaoae io
aoi?iai a?aea, oae eae ii e aai aeaia ?aaioaee. A?ino?iiao yoi ia
iii?aaeeinue, e i?e ia?aii oaeiaiii neo/aa ii n ?aaeinoueth naaaeae e
Iyeaii. Aio auei oaea ii/oe oanoiaaeoeaoue, e ii n/eoae naay ioae/eiie.
Ca 75 oeaioia a aeaiue ii iaiyeny ?acaiceoue e i?iaeaaaoue oaieue.
Iaeiia?aiaiii, eiaaea auea aiciiaeiinoue, ii ea?ae ia ei?iaoa n aa?ao
Noi?eaeeey – 1 aeieea? 25 oeaioia ca aa/a? iethn /aaaua. Oae ii
naeaeaeny aeaaiui ei?ieeueoeai naiuee e inoaaaeny ei anth aeeciue.
Aai ianoa?noai iocueaioa no?aieoaeueii ?inei. Ii i?aaieciaae n
ae?ocueyie iaeaiueeee i?eano?, eioi?ue ea?ae a aeaoaauo aa?ao e ia
aa/a?eieao. A yoi aea a?aiy A?ino?iia ia/ae iiyaeyoueny a eaaa?a, aaea
aunooiae i?eano? iiae oi?aaeaieai Eeaea I?e, a ninoaaa eioi?iai ea?ae
ei?iaoeno Aeaei Ieeaa?. Iiaeiaii ae?oaei iocueaioai noa?oaai iieieaiey,
Ieeaa? i?iieeny ?aniieiaeaieai e A?ino?iiao e iao/ee aai iaeioi?ui
i?ioanneiiaeueiui i?eaiai. ?aaeueiui ?acoeueoaoii eo iauaiey auei oi,
/oi a?aiy io a?aiaie Ieeaa? iinueae A?ino?iiaa ea?aoue aianoi naay a
i?eano?a I?e. Eiaaea aea Ieeaa? a 1918 aiaeo oaoae ia naaa?, a *eeaai,
I?e acye A?ino?iiaa ia aai ianoi. Aeaeac-i?eano? I?e n/eoaeny iaeiei ec
eo/oeo a Iiaii I?eaaia, e a naie ainaiiaaeoeaoue eao A?ino?iia noae a
iai aaaeouei ei?iaoenoii.
A oa/aiea iineaaeothueo iyoe eao ii ia?aaeaaeny neo/aeiuie ca?aaioeaie a
?acee/iuo ai?iaeneeo i?eano?ao, niaa?oainoaiaae naia ianoa?noai. Ea?ae
ii oaeaea e ia noa?uo eieaniuo ?a/iuo ia?ioiaeao, eioi?ua noaee
eniieueciaaoue a ea/anoaa ieaao/eo oaao?ia ( oae iacuaaaiuo “oioaio”).
Iie niaa?oaee aeiaaiua eee aa/a?iea iiiai/aniaua yeneo?nee, e ii/e
aica?auaynue a ii?o, eeai aeaeaaeenue aaa?o ii Ienneneie,
inoaiaaeeaaynue ii aa/a?ai a eaeii-ieaoaeue ianaeaiiii ioieoa, /oiau
aeaoue i?aaenoaaeaiea ia aa?aao. Caeanue oea?eea aoiinoa?a ea?iaaaea, e
iocuea auea iaiouaieaiui ao?eaooii iauaai i?acaeianoaa. Oaeo Iy?aeae,
ieaieno ec Naio-Eoena, nicaeaaae i?eano?u e i?aaeinoaaeye eo a
?anii?yaeaiea aeaaeaeueoeaa ia?ioiaeia a?aoueaa No?aeoon. Auiooo?iaaiiua
iocueaiou ea?aee ii iiiao /ania, eae caaiaeiua. Oaii ea?u eiiaaea
caaeaaaeny iao?iiiiii. Yoe i?eano?u eniieiyee oaeaea aeaeaciaoth iocueo,
aeey /aai ?oeiaiaeeoaee anaaaea eiaee iiae ?oeie ianeieueei “eeoeo”
iocueaioia. D 1918 aiaeo Iy?aeae i?eaeanee A?ino?iiaa a iaeio ec oaeeo
iiacaeie, e caoai a oa/aiea aeaoo-o?ao eao Eoe a?aiy io a?aiaie ?aaioae
o iaai. Nai oaeo, /oi Iy?aeae iaiye iocueaioa, ia oiaaoaai /eoaoue n
eenoa, a oi a?aiy eae aie?oa ia auei iaaeinoaoea a ia?aciaaiiuo
iocueaioao, aeaao ecaanoiia i?aaenoaaeaiea i ?aiooaoeee A?ino?iiaa a
Iiaii I?eaaia.
A?ino?iia i?iaeieaeae niaa?oainoaiaaoueny, ii-i?aaeiaio aunooiay a
?acee/iuo caaaaeaieyo ai?iaea. Anei?a ii aeaieeny ia iaeie Aeaece,
eioi?ay auea ia ianeieueei eao noa?oa aai. A?ae yoio oaea/iui ia aue. A
1922 aiaeo Ieeaa? i?eaeanee A?ino?iiaa a *eeaai. A?ino?iia i?eaoae e …
aoeaaeueii “auaeoe” anao iocueaioia ec ai?iaea. Nionoy iaeioi?ia a?aiy
aio oaeaeinue caienaoue ia?aua a?aiieanoeiee. Ae?ocuey aeieai
oaiaa?eaaee A?ino?iiaa nicaeaoue nianoaaiiue i?eano?, ii ii aeieai
ioeacuaaeny, ia aeaeay iaeaeaoue Ieeaa?a, eioi?iio aue ene?aiia
aeaaiaea?ai. Ie oiaaea, ie iicaea A?ino?iiao ia auei naienoaaiii
aeinoaaeyoue ethaeyi iai?eyoiinoe.
A ia/aea 1924 aiaea A?ino?iia aeaieeny ia Eeeeai Oa?aeei, ieaienoea ec
i?eano?a Ieeaa?a. O iaa auei eeanne/aneia iocueaeueiia ia?aciaaiea, ii a
aeaeaca iia ia i?aoniaea, oioy e ?acae?aeanue a iai aeiaieueii oi?ioi.
Eeeeai ?aoeea naeaeaoue ec naiaai ioaea caacaeo aeaeaca. Iia iiiiaea aio
inaieoue /oaiea iio n eenoa, oaaaeeea inoaaeoue i?eano? Ieeaa?a e
ia?aeoe ?aaioaoue a eaoa “ae?eieaiae”. I?eia?ii a oi aea a?aiy Oeao/a?
Oaiaea?nii i?aaeeiaeee A?ino?iiao ?aaioo a naiai i?eano?a. A 1924 aiaeo
i?eano? Oaiaea?niia ia aue aeaeaciaui a iieiii niunea yoiai neiaa,
nei?aa ii aue eiiia?/aneei: ea?ae ai a?aiy oaioeaa e oio, aeeiiiaie?iaae
iaaoeai ai a?aiy caiene. Oaiaea?nii, aaee/aeoee a enoi?ee aeaeaca
ia?aiioe?uaaoaeue oaeaioia, oioae eiaoue a naiai i?eano?a nieenoa,
eioi?ue iia au nua?aoue y?ei e yooaeoii – /oi i/aiue i?aaeeinue
neooaoaeyi oiai a?aiaie. A?ino?iia i?eiye i?eaeaoaiea e ?aaioae n
i?eano?ii a oa/aiea aiaea. Ii caienae n iei ?yae nieueiuo ia?oee, n?aaee
eioi?uo i?eia?aea caienue “Sugar Foot Stomp”. Aoaeo/e n Oaiaea?niiii a
Iueth-Ei?ea, A?ino?iia naeaeae ?yae a?aicaienae ia naie no?ao e ?ene:
aeeiiiaie?iaae iaaoeai aethcia, caienuaaeny n a?oiiaie Eea?aina
Oeeueyina, a oii /enea n a?oiiie “Red Onion Jazz Babies”, aaea ea?ae
Neaeiae Aaoa.
I?i?aaioaa aiae n i?eano?ii Oaiaea?niia, A?ino?iia inaiueth 1925
aa?ioeny a eaoa “Ae?eieaiae” e ia/ae oai ?aaioaoue n i?eano?ii, eioi?ue
i?aaieciaaea Eeeeai, ca naiueaeanyo iyoue aeieea?ia a iaaeaeth –
aaniineiaiue ii oai a?aiaiai aiii?a? aeey /a?iiai aeaeaciaia. Anei?a ii
ia/ae ia?aeeaeueii ea?aoue e a oaao?aeueiii i?eano?a Y?neeia Oyeoa, aaea
aunooiae eae nieeno.
12 iiya?y 1925 aiaea a nooaeee “Okeh” A?ino?iia naeaeae ia?aoth caienue
ec na?ee a?aiieanoeiie, ecaanoiie iiae iacaaieai “Hot Five” e “Hot
Seven”. Yoe caiene, noaaoea aaaeiuie aaoaie a enoi?ee aeaeaca, aucaaee
iaiienoaiue ainoi?a iocueaioia e ethaeoaeae a Niaaeeiaiiuo Ooaoao e a
Aa?iia e eciaieee naii iai?aaeaiea ?acaeoey yoiai aeaea eneonnoaa. A
oa/aiea iineaaeothueo eao A?ino?iia ea?ae eae nieeno a a?oiiao Oyeoa,
Ey?ieea Aeeeea?niia, a oaeaea a a?oiiao, eioi?ua iineee aai eiy. A
1925-1928 aiaeao ieanoeiee “Hot Five” e “Hot Seven” auee caienaiu ni
neo/aeiuie ninoaaaie. A oa aea aiaeu A?ino?iia ?aoee ?annoaoueny n
ei?iaoii e ia?aeoe ia o?oao. ?acieoea iaaeaeo yoeie eino?oiaioaie
iacia/eoaeueia; ii n?aaiaieth n o?oaie ei?iao aeaao aieaa iyaeee, ii
iaaeinoaoi/ii y?eee oii. Ieiia?u aeaeaca ii/oe iaeciaiii iieueciaaeenue
ei?iaoii, iineieueeo eiaiii ii ano?a/aeny oiaaea a aeooiauo i?eano?ao,
ec eioi?uo au?inee aeaeac-i?eano?u. O?oaa auea eino?oiaioii
neioiie/aneiai i?eano?a, iiyoiio iaeioi?ua i?aaenoaaeoaee aeaeaca
ecaaaaee ea?aoue ia iae. A?ino?iia ia/ae ea?aoue ia o?oaa a oaao?aeueiuo
i?eano?ao: aa y?eia cao/aiea ?aciineeinue aeaeaei, e oiio aea o
eino?oiaioa aue yooaeoiue aiaoiee aeae. Ia?aia a?aiy A?ino?iia ea?ae
iii/a?aaeii eae ia ei?iaoa, oae e ia o?oaa, ii caoai ieii/aoaeueii
ioeacaeny io ei?iaoa. N oao ii? yoio eino?oiaio noae iinoaiaiii
en/acaoue ec aeaeaca; aai i?iaeieaeaee eniieueciaaoue eeoue iocueaiou,
o?aieaoea aa?iinoue o?aaeeoeeyi Iiaiai I?eaaia.
A 1929 aiaeo A?ino?iia ia?aaoae ec *eeaai a Iueth-Ei?e. A
iineaaeothuea naiiaaeoeaoue eao aio i?aaenoiyei auoue aeaaiui nieenoii
aieueoiai i?eano?a. Oaia?ue ii oaea aue ia i?inoi aeaeaciaiii ec Iiaiai
I?eaaia, a aaaeouei i?aaenoaaeoaeai iiaiai aeaea eneonnoaa, oi?ioi
ecaanoiui e ii/eoaaiui ai anai ie?a. Ioiuia aai aeeciue auea
iieiinoueth ioaeaia aeaeaco. Eae anyeee iiioey?iue iocueaio, ii iiiai
aano?iee?oao. Aai yia?aey ii?aaeaea anao, eoi aai ciae. Ai a?aiy
aeai?annee, eiaaea iiiaei iocueaioai auei o?oaeii iaeoe oioue
eaeoth-ieaoaeue ?aaioo, A?ino?iia iia eiaoue – e eiae – eiio?aeou ia
aunooieaiey 365 ?ac a aiaeo.
Ca aeaaaeoeaoue eao (iinea ia?aie caiene na?ee “Hot Five”) ii nua?ae
iaaa?iyoii iiiai aeaeaciauo iuean. Aieueoay /anoue i?eano?ia, n eioi?uie
ii aunooiae, ninoaaeyea eeoue oii aeey aai ea?u e iaiey, e /anoi, e?iia
iaai, a i?eano?a ia auei ae?oaiai neieueei-ieaoaeue caiaoiiai nieenoa.
Iau/ii o?oaa/ iiaeao eniieieoue ca aa/a? iaeii-aeaa aieueoeo niei,
A?ino?iia aea aunooiae i?aeoe/anee a eaaeaeii iiia?a. Aai /aethnoe,
au?aaeaynue iocueaeueiui ycueii, noaee “aeaeaciuie”. Iiieii /enoi
oece/aneie auiineeainoe, noieue /anoia nieueiia eniieiaiea ia ioaeeea
iicaieyei aio ?anoe a i?ioanneiiaeueiii ioiioaiee: ii iia
yenia?eiaioe?iaaoue, iia ?eneiaaoue. Ai?i/ai, iaoaea/e ia eiaee
cia/aiey, oae eae a neaaeothuai iiia?a ii iia nua?aoue eia/a. Eniieiaiea
neiaeiuo oaoie/aneeo i?eaiia, iaeaaeaoue eioi?uie oae no?aieeenue
ae?oaea iocueaiou, noaei aeey A?ino?iiaa anoanoaaiiui, iineieueeo ii
iiiaie?aoii iiaoi?ye eo ia?aae ioaeeeie.
E oai ia iaiaa aeeciue ia aaeiaaea aai. A?ae n Eeee iioa?iae e?ooaiea
aua aei aai iouacaea a Iueth-Ei?e. A ia/aea 30-o aiaeia ii aeaieeny aua
?ac, e iiyoue iaoaea/ii, e iaeiiaoe aai aeaiie noaea noaoenoea Ethneee
Oeenii, eioi?ay niiaea aio iaania/eoue aeooaaiia niieienoaea aei eiioea
aeecie. A oeiainiauo aeaeao A?ino?iiaa oaeaea oea?ee aanii?yaeie.
Aoaeo/e iaeiia?aciaaiiui /aeiaaeii, ii ieioi ciae ie?oaeathuee ie?. E
oioy e 30-i aiaeai ii i?eia?ae ecaanoiue iiuo a iocueaeueiii aeciana,
iaeiaei ia ecaaaeae ioeaie: i?eaeaoae iaiaaeaea?ia, eioi?ua ieacuaaeenue
eeai iaeiiiaoaioiuie, eeai ia/enouie ia ?oeo, a eiiaaea e oaie e
ae?oaeie iaeiia?aiaiii. Iaeiiaoe a 1933 aiaeo, ?aci/a?iaaiiue e onoaeue,
A?ino?iia ioi?aaeeny a aeeeoaeueioth aano?ieueioth iiacaeeo ii Aa?iia.
Ainoi?aeaiiue i?eai, ieacaiiue aio a ?acee/iuo aa?iiaeneeo no?aiao,
ieacae ia iaai aeaaioai?iia aicaeaenoaea. Yoi aeaeii e ii caienyi,
eioi?ua ii aiciaiiaee a 1935 aiaeo. I?eia?ii a oi aea a?aiy ii ii?o/ee
aanoe naie aeaea Aeaei Aeaeca?o, a i?ioeii aioai?aia?o e aeaaeaeueoeo
ii/iiai eeoaa. A?ino?iia i?aaeaea ?aaioae n iei a *eeaai. Ia nae ?ac
auai? ieacaeny oaea/iui. Aeaeca? inoaaee nianoaaiiua aeaea e aieioioth
caiyeny ea?uea?ie A?ino?iiaa, naiinoiyoaeueii i?eieiay ?aoaiey ii
e?oiiui e iaeeei aii?inai. Eoe aue ?aae ia?aii?o/eoue aio yoi – oaia?ue
ana naia a?aiy ii iia ioaeaaaoue iocuea. Ia?eiae n 1935 aiaea aei ia/aea
aieiu aue aanueia ieiaeioai?iui aeey A?ino?iiaa: ii naeaeae iiiai
caienae, niyeny a aeanyoeao oeeueiia, ?acaiaaoae.
Yiioa aea-ayiaeia aeeeeanue aei 1946 aiaea, eiaaea aae?oa y?a naeiaa
no?aieoaeueii iai?aaeanue. A?ino?iia aa?ioeny e iaaieueoei iueanai oeia
aeeeneeaiae, noae cia/eoaeueii aieueoa iaoue. Oaia?ue ii aue aieaa
iiioey?ai eae iaaaoe. Iinea 1950 aiaea A?ino?iia-o?oaa/ a?yae ee iia
neacaoue ie?o /oi-ieaoaeue iiaia: ii oaea neacae ana. Aei eiioea aeiae
naieo (ii oia? 6 ethey 1971 aiaea) A?ino?iia i?iaeieaeae aunooiaoue
ia?aae ioaeeeie.
Ianiiiaiii, A?ino?iia aue iaeiei ec aaee/aeoeo aeaeaciauo iocueaioia,
eioi?uo ciae naao. Ii ia iaaei caauaaoue, /oi ii au?in a n?aaea, aaea
oiaiea no?ieoue ioiioaiey n aaeuie auei ia i?inoi aii?inii aeeieiiaoee.
Io yoiai caaenaei, aue ee ii nuo, eiae ee ii e?ia iaae aieiaie,
iaeiiaoe, yoi aue aii?in aeecie e nia?oe. A?ino?iia ethaee aniiieiaoue
neiaa ciaeiiiai iiaii?eaaineiai auoeaaeu, neacaiiua aio, eiaaea ii
oacaeae ia Naaa?, e Ieeaa?o: “Anaaaea eiae ca niaie aaeiai /aeiaaea,
eioi?ue niiaeao iieiaeeoue ?oeo oaaa ia iea/i e neacaoue: yoi iie
/a?iiiacue”. Yoei e iauyniyaony oio oaeo, /oi A?ino?iia ii/oe
iieiinoueth ia?aaeae naie aeaea a ?oee Aeaei Aeaeca?a. Iaoaeeaeoaeueii,
/oi aieueooth /anoue naiae aeecie ii no?aieeny i?aaeoueny ae?oaei.
Oaeaea iaoaeeaeoaeueii, /oi ii ia ?ac auaeoiuaae naaa “iooeia”: Ieoa?a
Aeyaena a aeaoneie eieiiee aeey oeaaoiuo, Eeiaa Ieeaa?a e, iaeiiaoe,
Aeaei Aeaeca?a. Anee au A?ino?iiao ia oaeaeinue ?aniieiaeeoue e naaa
yoeo ethaeae, oi aio, aiciiaeii, anth aeeciue i?eoeinue au ?acaiceoue
oaieue ii oeeoeai Iiaiai I?eaaia, a aeaeac ?acaeaaeny au a niaa?oaiii
ae?oaii ?onea. Caneoaa A?ino?iiaa ninoieo a oii, /oi ii i?aa?aoee aeaeac
ec eieeaeoeaiie iocuee a eneonnoai nieueiie ea?u. Ecaanoiua nieenou
iiyaeyeenue e aei iaai – eea?iaoenou Ei?aioei Oei e Aeueoiin Ieeo,
ei?iaoenou Aieaeai, Eaiia?ae e ae?oaea, – ii oiaaea niei auei eeoue
neo/aeiui yeaiaioii a eniieiaiee ainaiaey. Oaiiiai A?ino?iiaa niaa?oee
ia?aai?io. Iieiaeua iocueaiou ynii aeaeaee, /oi oieueei aeaaiue nieeno,
a ia i?inoi ?yaeiaie o/anoiee ainaiaey eiae oain noaoue ciaiaieoui,
i?ineaaeoueny e, anee iiaacao, ?acaiaaoaoue. Eae au oai ie auei, eiaiii
aeaaiaea?y A?ino?iiao aeaeac noae i?aaeaea anaai eneonnoaii nieenoia.
III. Caeeth/aiea.
Eoae, acaeiiaeaenoaea iaa?eoyineie e aa?iiaeneie o?aaeeoeee, a
?acoeueoaoa eioi?iai aiciee aeaeac, auei ianoieueei neiaeiui e
iiiaiia?aciui, /oi eiaao niune iiaoi?eoue auoaneacaiiia. E 1890 aiaeo a
NOA nouanoaiaaei o?e naiinoiyoaeueiuo e iaiioiaeeo ae?oa ia ae?oaa
nieaaa ao?eeaineie e aa?iiaeneie iocuee: ?aaoaei, ao?iaia?eeaineee
oieueeei? (i?aaenoaaeaiiue a aeaea aethcia) e iiioey?ece?iaaiiue aa?eaio
iocueaeueiiai oieueeei?a, nicaeaiiue aeaaiui ia?acii aaeuie
aia?eeaioeaie (iaiano?aeueiua ianie, anyeiai ?iaea aiaeaaeeueiua
ianaiiua oi?iu). A 1890-1910 aiaeao o?e auoaiacaaiiuo iai?aaeaiey
neeeenue aiaaeeii. A ?acoeueoaoa aiciee aeaeac – iiaue aeae iocuee,
eioi?ay noaea ?ani?ino?aiyoueny ii anae no?aia nia/aea n?aaee iaa?ia, a
caoai e n?aaee aaeuo aia?eeaioeaa. A 20-o aiaeao aeaeac i?i/ii aioae a
niciaiea aia?eeaineie ioaeeeee e aeae iacaaiea oeaeiio aeanyoeeaoeth a
aeecie iaoeee. A ?acaeoee aeaeaca aieueooth ?ieue nua?aee: ainaiaeue
“Original Dixieland Jazz Band”, eioi?ue ia?aue auionoee aeaeaciaoth
a?aiieanoeieo, eiaaooth aieueooth iiioey?iinoue; Neaeiae Aaoa, Aeaeicao
“Eeia” Ieeaa?, Aeaeaeee ?iee Ii?oii, Aeen Aaeaea?aae, O?aie Oaoaiaoa?,
Ie Ae ?annae, Aaiie Aoaeiai, e, eiia/ii aea, Eoe A?ino?iia, aianoee, ii
iiaio iiaieth, naiue aieueoie aeeaae.
Nienie eniieueciaaiiie eeoa?aoo?u:
1) Eieeea? Aeae. E. “Noaiiaeaiea aeaeaca. Iiioey?iue enoi?e/aneee
i/a?e.” Iineaa, “?aaeoaa”, 1984 a.
2) Ia/eiieeia A. “Enoi?ey aeaeaca”, auione 1, Iineaa, “Iocuea”, 1994 a.
Aeae. E. Eieeea?. “Noaiiaeaiea aeaeaca. Iiioey?iue enoi?e/aneee i/a?e.”
Iineaa, “?aaeoaa”, 1984 a. – N.19.
Aeae. E. Eieeea?. “Noaiiaeaiea aeaeaca”. Iiioey?iue enoi?e/aneee i/a?e.
Iineaa, “?aaeoaa”, 1984 a. – N.59.
Aeae. E. Eieeea?. “Noaiiaeaiea aeaeaca”. Iiioey?iue enoi?e/aneee i/a?e.
Iineaa, “?aaeoaa”, 1984 a. – N.70.
Noi?eaeeeue – ?aeii a Iiaii I?eaaia, aaea auea nin?aaeioi/aia any
i?inoeoooeey, ia?eioeee, nie?oiua iaieoee, aca?oiua ea?u, ia?eioeee e
iiaeiaiiai ?iaea ?acaea/aiey. Aue iacaai ii eiaie Aeaeicaoa Noi?e, /eaia
ioieoeeiaeeoaoa, i?aaeeiaeeaoaai niioaaonoaothuee caeiiii?iaeo ii
nin?aaeioi/aieth anao ieaeaia?a/eneaiiuo aauae a iaeiii ?aeiia.
Aeae. E. Eieeea?. “Noaiiaeaiea aeaeaca. Iiioey?iue enoi?e/aneee i/a?e.”
Iineaa, “?aaeoaa”, 1984 a. – N.76.
Aeae. E. Eieeea?. “Noaiiaeaiea aeaeaca. Iiioey?iue enoi?e/aneee i/a?e.”
Iineaa, “?aaeoaa”, 1984 a. – N.120.
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