Nia?o ea?ou
Nia?o – ea?oa auea ecia?aoaia o?aioeocii ?ieaiii Ii?aii a na?aaeeia
70-o, ii oieueei a eiioea 1980-o oaoiieiae/aneea aeinoeaeaiey naeaeaee
aa aeinoaoi/ii oaeiaiie e iaaei?iaie aeey i?aeoe/aneiai eniieueciaaiey.
A ie?a iaaethaeaaony ana aieaa aeoeaiue ia?aoiae io iaaieoiuo ea?o e
nia?o – ea?oai. Aa?iia, aaea oieueei a 1993 aiaeo auei auiouaii oaea
aieaa 350 ieeeeiiia nia?o – ea?o e ea?o iaiyoe, caieiaao aaaeouaa ianoi
ia yoii iooe. Aieueoeinoai yenia?oia oaaaeaeaiu, /oi /a?ac 10 eao eee
?aiueoa ea?oi/ee n iaaieoiie iieinie noaioo /anoueth enoi?ee. Iineaaeiea
niiauaiey VISA iiaeoaa?aeaeatho yoi.
Aiaoia nia?o – ea?ou iioiaee ia ea?ou iaiyoe, iaeiaei iee?inoaia nia?o –
ea?ou niaea?aeeo “eiaeeo”, /oi e aeaeaao yoe ea?ou eioaeeaeooaeueiuie,
ii-aiaeeenee – “smart”. Iee?inoaiu nia?o – ea?ou i?aaenoaaeytho niaie
iieiua iee?ieiio?ieea?u (iee?ieiiiuethoa?u) e niaea?aeao neaaeothuea
eiiiiiaiou:
CPU(oeaio?aeueiue i?ioeanni?) – Ono?ienoai aeey ia?aaioee eino?oeoeee
ea?ou
RAM (ICO) – Iaiyoue aeey a?aiaiiiai o?aiaiey aeaiiuo, iai?eia?,
?acoeueoaoia au/eneaiee, i?iecaaaeaiiuo i?ioeanni?ii
ROM (ICO) – Iaiyoue aeey iinoiyiiiai o?aiaiey eino?oeoeee ea?ou,
eniieiyaiuo i?ioeanni?ii, a oaeaea ae?oaeo aeaiiuo, eioi?ua ia
eciaiythony. Eioi?iaoeey a ICO caienuaaaony a i?ioeanna i?iecaiaenoaa
ea?ou.
EPROM (IICO) – Iaiyoue, eioi?ay iiaeao auoue i?i/eoaia iiiai ?ac, ii
caienaia oieueei iaeiie?aoii. A IICO i?aaiecaoeey, auioneathuay ea?oo a
ia?auaiea, caienuaaao aeaiiua i aa aeaaeaeueoea
EEPROM (YNIICO) – Iaiyoue, eioi?ay iiaeao auoue ia?acaienaia e n/eoaia
iiiaie?aoii. A yoie iaiyoe o?aiyony eciaiyaiua aeaiiua aeaaeaeueoea
ea?ou. IICO e YNIICO ia oa?ytho aeaiiua i?e ioeeth/aiee ieoaiey
I/O (Aaiae/auaiae) – Nenoaia aeey iaiaia aeaiiuie n aiaoiei ie?ii
Operating system (Iia?aoeeiiiay nenoaia eee i?ia?aiiiia iaania/aiea
ea?ou) – Eino?oeoeee aeey i?ioeanni?a, o?aieiua ia ea?oa
Security features (Nenoaia aaciianiinoe) – Ano?iaiiay nenoaia
aaciianiinoe aeey caueou aeaiiuo n aiciiaeiinoueth eo oeo?iaaiey
Nia?o – ea?oa a aeaenoaeoaeueiinoe i?aaenoaaeyao niaie iaaieueoie
eiiiuethoa?, niiniaiue auiieiyoue ?an/aou iiaeiaii ia?niiaeueiiio
eiiiuethoa?o. Iaeaieaa iiuiua nia?aiaiiua nia?o – ea?ou eiatho iiuiinoue
niiinoaaeioth n iiuiinoueth ia?niiaeueiuo eiiiuethoa?ia ia/aea
ainueieaeanyouo. Iia?aoeeiiiay nenoaia, o?aiyuayny a ICO nia?o – ea?ou,
i?eioeeieaeueii ie/ai ia ioee/aaony io iia?aoeeiiiie nenoaiu PC. YNIICO
eniieuecoaony aeey o?aiaiey aeaiiuo iieueciaaoaey, eioi?ua iiaoo
n/eouaaoueny, caienuaaoueny e iiaeeoeoee?iaaoueny, oaeaea eae aeaiiua ia
aeanoeii aeenea ia?niiaeueiiai eiiiuethoa?a. Nia?o – ea?ou eiatho
?acee/ioth aieinoue, iaeiaei oeie/iay nia?aiaiiay nia?o – ea?oa eiaao
ICO 128 aaeo, ICO 2-6 EA e YNIICO 1-2 EA. Iaeioi?ua nia?o – ea?ou oaeaea
niaea?aeao iaaieoioth iieineo, /oi iaania/eaaao eo niaianoeiinoue n
nenoaiaie ia aaca iaaieoiuo ea?o. Nia?o – ea?ou aei?iaea ea?o iaiyoe, e
oaeaea eae a neo/aa ea?o iaiyoe eo noieiinoue ii?aaeaeyaony noieiinoueth
iee?inoaiu, eioi?ay i?yii caaeneo io ?acia?a eiathuaeny iaiyoe. Nia?o –
ea?ou iau/ii eniieuecothony a i?eeiaeaieyo, o?aaothueo aunieie noaiaie
caueou eioi?iaoeee, iai?eia?, a oeiainiaie i?aeoeea.
I?eiaiaiea a oeiainiaie noa?a.
Oeiainiaua ea?ou eniieuecothony aeey auiieiaiey ieaoaaeae. Oeiainiaua
ea?ou, eiia/ii, eiatho naioth aieueooth iioaioeeaeueioth noa?o
eniieueciaaiey aeey nia?o-ea?o, e iiiaea caaea/e oi?aaeaiey aeinooiii e
o?aiaiey eioi?iaoeee ia?ae?uaathony n oeiainiauie caaea/aie. Eaaei
aeaeaoue, eaeea ioe?uaathony ia?niaeoeau a ?ani?ino?aiaiee nia?o-ea?o,
anee o/anoue, /oi 2 ieeeea?aea iaaieoiuo ea?o oaea iaoiaeyony a
ia?auaiee, a, e?iia oiai, ?inney e ae?oaea no?aiu NIA, no?aiu Ainoi/iie
Aa?iiu e Eeoae aioiau aieoe a ie?iaie ?uiie. Ecia/aeueii iaaieoiua
e?aaeeoiua ea?oi/ee auee ?ac?aaioaiu aieaa /ai 30 eao iacaae aeey
oaeianoaa iooaoanoaothueo aecianiaiia, eioi?uo a oi a?aiy auei iaei. Iie
?aaioaee oi?ioi a ia?aiia/aeueiie i?eeeaaeiie caaea/ao (e i?iaeieaeatho
?aaioaoue: y nai eniieuecoth yoe ea?oi/ee ii/oe eaaeaeue aeaiue), ii a
aeaayiinoua aiaeu, ea?oi/ee e i?eeeaaeiua nenoaiu ?ac?aaaouaathony aeey
anao a?aaeaeai (e aeieaeiu auoue aeinooiiu aeey anao). Ecaea?aeee e
i?iaeaiu eioa?aeoeaiuo iaaieoiuo ea?o e iioaiie/anoai, naycaiiia n ieie,
ia iicaieytho n/eoaoue eo eaeaaeueiui ?aoaieai a iaoe aeie. Oieueei a
NOA oua?a io iioaiie/anoaa n e?aaeeoiuie ea?oi/eaie a 1992 a. i?aaunee
$1.000.000.000,00, ia aeeth/ay ianniaia iioaiie/anoai n aaieiiaoaie. A
i?ioeii ia eiaeinue ieeaeie aeueoa?iaoeau, ii, e n/anoueth, naaiaeiy
nia?o-ea?ou i?aaeeaaatho aieaa aaciianiia e aeaeia ?aoaiea.
Ai anai ie?a caieaie?iaaii e inouanoaeyaony iiiaeanoai i?iaeoia, eioi?ua
eniieuecotho “i?aaeiiea/aiiua” nia?o-ea?ou. Iiiaea ec yoeo ea?o
iacuaathony “Ai?iaeneeie Ea?oaie” (City Cards), iioiio /oi iie
eniieuecothony oieueei a oii ai?iaea, aaea iie auiouaiu. Ai?iaeneea
ea?ou iiaoo auiieiyoue ethaua ooieoeee, io i?inoiai i?eiaiaiey aianoi
iiiao a oaeaoiiao, ia?eiai/iuo e i?iaeathueo aaoiiaoao, ia iauanoaaiiii
o?ainii?oa, aei neiaeiuo nenoai, iicaieythueo inouanoaeyoue iieoiee a
iaaaceiao aac eniieueciaaiey iaee/iuo aeaiaa eee e?aaeeoiuo ea?oi/ae.
Aieueoeinoai ethaeae a ianoiyuaa a?aiy eiatho i?e naaa ianeieueei
e?aaeeoiuo ea?oi/ae, iioiio /oi eaaeaeue aeae ianeoaeeaaiey o?aaoao
naiae ea?oi/ee. Iineieueeo nia?o-ea?oa iiaeao iiaeaea?aeeaaoue ?acee/iua
i?eeeaaeiua nenoaiu, oi iiaeii auionoeoue iaeio nia?o-ea?oo, aeaaeaeaoe
eioi?ie i?inoi iiaeienuaaoueny ia ioaeiua aio oneoae. Anee eiio-eeai
iio?aaoaony a aoaeouai iiaay oneoaa, oi iiaeaea?aeea aa iiaeao
aeiaaaeaia ia eiathuothny ea?oo.
?acee/ea iaaeaeo i?aaeiiea/aiiie ea?oie e e?aaeeoiie ea?oi/eie
caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi aeaiueae oaeoe/anee o?aiyony ia i?aaeiiea/aiiie
ea?oa. I?inoaeoay i?aaeiiea/aiiay ea?oa iieoiaaony n caienaiiie ia iae
iaeioi?ie noiiie e eniieuecoaony aei oao ii?, iiea ana aeaiueae ia
ec?anoiaeiaaiu e iiaeiaii aa?iiaeneei oaeaoiiiui ea?oi/eai iinea yoiai
aua?anuaaaony. Ia aieaa neiaeiuo ea?oao noiia aeaiaa caienuaaaony naiei
aeaaeaeueoeai ea?ou. Yoi iiaeao auoue naeaeaii iiiauaieai aeaiaa a
iaoeio, eioi?ay caoai caienuaaao (ia?aiineo) yoo noiio a iaiyoue ea?ou.
Oaeei ia?acii, iau/ii ?aaioatho ea?oi/ee aeey oi?aiauo aaoiiaoia,
onoaiiaeaiiuo ia oe?iao aeey naieo nio?oaeieeia. Ii ia?a ?anoiaeiaaiey
aeaiaa, aeaaeaeaoe iiaeao “iieiaeeoue” ia ea?oi/eo aeiiieieoaeueioth
noiio. I?aaeiiea/aiiua ea?ou iau/ii iacuaathony “aeaiaaeiuie” ea?oaie.
Yeaeo?iiiua ieaoaaee
Aoaeouaa oeiainiauo nia?o-ea?o eaaeeo a nenoaia yeaeo?iiiuo ieaoaaeae,
ii-aiaeeenee iacuaaaiie Electronic Fund Transfer eee EFT. A yoeo
caaea/ao noiia aeaiaa iiiauaaony ia ea?oo iaiin?aaenoaaiii a aaiea
aeaaeaeueoea ea?ou. Eae e i?aaeiiea/aiiua ea?ou, oaeea ea?ou iiaoo
i?eieiaoueny iaaaceiaie e ae?oaeie o/?aaeaeaieyie ia?yaeo n iaee/iuie
aeaiueaaie, ii aac oao i?iaeai n aaciianiinoueth, eioi?ua naienoaaiiu
iaee/iinoe. Aeaaiaea?y ?acaeoie nenoaia caueou nia?o-ea?oa iiaeao auoue
eniieueciaaia oieueei aa aeaaeaeueoeai. Yoa nenoaia aaciianiinoe aoaeao
iienaia ieaea.
Nia?o-ea?ou eniieuecothony neaaeothuei ia?acii. Aeaaeaeaoe ea?ou
i?aaeuyaeyao naie iieoiee e ea?oo eanne?o. Ea?oa anoaaeyaony a
niaoeeaeueiue eanniaue aiia?ao, ii-aiaeeenee iacuaaaiue POS (Position of
Sale), iai?oaeiaaiiue ?eaea?ii aeey nia?o-ea?o. Aeaaeaeaoe aaiaeeo ia
eeaaeaoo?a naie PIN-eiae (ia?ieue), /oiau iiaeoaa?aeeoue naia aeaaeaiea
ea?oi/eie. ?eaea? i?iaa?yao iiaeeeiiinoue ea?ou, oaeinoiaa?yaony, /oi ia
iae eiaaony aeinoaoi/ii n?aaenoa, /oiau iieaoeoue iieoieo, aeaaaooao
ea?oo, e?aaeeooao POS-aiia?ao. E ana yoi inouanoaeyaony a n/eoaiiua
naeoiaeu! Iineieueeo aeaiueae e ana aeaiiua aeey iaania/aiey
aaciianiinoe niaea?aeaony ia naiie ea?oa, iao iaiaoiaeeiinoe a
aei?iainoiyuai e ioieiathuai iiiai a?aiaie eioa?aeoeaiii
iiaeoaa?aeaeaiee eaaeaeie o?aicaeoeee, /oi iau/ii i?iecaiaeeony aeey
iaaieoiuo ea?oi/ae. Aeaiueae ia?a/eneythony ec eanniaiai aiia?aoa ia
aaieianeee n/ao i?iaeaaoea ai a?aiy iaeiiai naaina oaeaoiiiie nayce n
aaieii a eiioea ?aai/aai aeiy. A oao ianoao, aaea iao oaeaoiiia,
aeaiueae iiaoo auoue ia?aaaaeaiu a aaie n iiiiuueth niaoeeaeueiie
nia?o-ea?ou, ia eioi?oth caienuaathony aeaiiua ec POS-aiia?aoa e eioi?ay
caoai ioiineony a aaie. I?e eaaeaeii oaeii ia?aaiaea aeaiaa (eae
eioa?aeoeaiii, oae e n iiiiuueth nia?o-ea?ou) ia eanniaii aiia?aoa
iaiiaeyaony nienie iioa?yiiuo, oe?aaeaiiuo e iaeniieuecoaiuo ea?o. Ea?oa
ec oaeiai nienea ia aoaeao i?eiyoa aeey ?an/aoa.
Ea?ou aeey i?eia?aoaiey aaiceia ia cai?aai/iuo noaioeeyo – ae?oaie
i?eia? eniieueciaaiey nia?o-ea?o. Eo iieueca iniaaiii iuooeia aeey
eiiiaiee, iineieueeo iineaaeiea iiaoo auaeaaaoue yoe ea?ou aiaeeoaeyi
anao naieo a?ociaeeia. A yoii neo/aa ana i?eia?aoaiey oiieeaa iiaoo
eaaei eiio?iee?iaaoueny e oeene?iaaoueny. Oaeiaii yoi e n oi/ee c?aiey
aaciianiinoe, o.e. aiaeeoaee e aeaaeaeueoeu cai?aai/iuo noaioeee
ecaaaeaiu io iaiaoiaeeiinoe iia?e?iaaoue aieueoeie noiiaie iaee/iuo
aeaiaa.
Aaciianiinoue.
Iineieueeo i?ioeann nicaeaiey nia?o-ea?o aeinoaoi/ii neiaeai, iiae neeo
yoi oieueei i?iiuoeaiiie eiiiaiee. Ai a?aiy i?iecaiaenoaa e
eieoeeaeecaoeee ea?o yeaeo?iiiua “i?aaeio?aieoaee” a iee?inoaia iiaoo
auoue ?ac?ooaiu, oai naiui i?aaeioa?auay iaaeaeaoaeueiia aiaoaoaeuenoai
a o?aieioth eioi?iaoeeth. Eiie?iaaiea aeaiiuo, e?iia eae eo
i?iecaiaeeoaeyie, iaaiciiaeii aeaaiaea?y oieeaeueiiio aioo?aiiaio eiaeo,
caienaiiiio ia a eaaeaeie ea?oa. Aeaaea anee aeaiiua, caienaiiua ia
ea?oo, eoi-eeai niiaeao i?iaeoaee?iaaoue, oieeaeueiue aioo?aiiee eiae
i?aaeioa?aoeo eniieueciaaiea ea?ou. I?e ioi?aaea ea?o i?iecaiaeeoaeai a
aae?an i?aaiecaoeee, auioneathuae ea?ou a ia?auaiea, eiaeu iinueathony
ioaeaeueii, oae /oi aeaaea a neo/aa “iioa?e” anae ia?oee, ea?ou
inoaioony iai?eaiaeiuie aeey eniieueciaaiey. Iiea yoio eiae ia aoaeao
“i?aaenoaaeai” ea?oa, iineaaeithth eniieueciaaoue aoaeao iaaiciiaeii.
Eae oieueei ea?oa “auiouaia” e a iae caienaiu aeaiiua (eee noiia
aeaiaa), aeinooi e iei caueuaaony eiaee?iaaiiui ia?ieai (eee
PIN-eiaeii), ecaanoiui oieueei oicyeio ea?ou. Ii aaoaio auai?o aeaiiua,
caienaiiua ia ea?oa, iiaoo auoue oaeaea caoeo?iaaiu oaeeie niiniaaie,
eae DES (Noaiaea?o Oeo?iaaiey Aeaiiuo), aeai?eoi eioi?iai iaaiciiaeii
ia?ooeoue. Ana yoi aeaeaao nia?o-ea?ou iaeieie ec iaeaieaa iaaeaaeiuo
aeinooiiuo iai oi?i o?aiaiey aeaiiuo. I?e ianaieoeeiie?iaaiiie iiiuoea
naiaai eniieueciaaiey nia?o-ea?ou niiniaiu naiinoiyoaeueii ia a?aiy eee
iaanaaaea i?ae?aoeoue naith ?aaioo. Iai?eia?, anee ee/iue ia?ieue
iaae?aaony iai?aaeeueii o?eaeaeu, ea?oa aaoiiaoe/anee ioeeth/aaony. Aeey
ainnoaiiaeaiey ?aaioiniiniaiinoe ea?ou iaiaoiaeei aa aica?ao ia ianoi
auaea/e (iau/ii yoi – aaie). Anee ea?oa ooa?yia eee oe?aaeaia, aa
aeaaeaeaoe niiauaao i neo/eaoainy a aaie, e i?ia?aiia aaiea aiineo yoo
ea?oo a nienie iaaeaenoaeoaeueiuo ea?o, ?annueaaiue ia ana oa?ieiaeu
i?iaeaae (POS). Ethaay iiiuoea eniieueciaaoue iioa?yiioth eee
oe?aaeaiioth ea?oo aoaeao iaiaaeeaiii i?ana/aia. Iineieueeo ana
i?iecaiaeeaoeany o?ainaeoeee caienuaathony ia POS-oa?ieiaeao e
ia?aaeathony a aaie, iioa?yiiay eee oe?aaeaiiay ea?oi/ea iiaeao auoue
ainnoaiiaeaia n oai aea naiui eiee/anoaii aeaiaa, eioi?ia auei ia iiiaio
aa iioa?e.
Ea?ou eiio?iey aeinooia
eniieuecothony, /oiau iieo/aoue oece/aneee aeinooi a caeaiey, eiiiaou, e
aaoiiiaeeueiui aaoinoiyieai, caa?aaeaeaiiui oa??eoi?eyi e o.i., a oaeaea
aeey iieo/aiey eiae/aneiai aeinooia e eiiiuethoa?ai eee eioi?iaoeee,
niaea?aeauaeny a eiiiuethoa?a.
Ea?ou aeinooia a iiiauaiey iau/ii eniieuecothony oaie eiiiaieyie,
eioi?ua oioyo ia?aie/eoue aeinooi a iiiauaiey, a oaeaea iaaethaeaoue ca
oai, eoi iinauaao ii?aaeaeaiiua iiiauaiey. Neoaeauei eiiiaiee auaeathony
nia?o-ea?ou, ia eioi?uo caienai o?iaaiue aeinooia, ii?aaeaeaiiue aeey
eaaeaeiai neoaeauaai. Ea?oa iiaeao oaeaea niaea?aeaoue oioia?aoeth, eiy,
iiia? aeaaeaeueoea (ID) e o.ae., iaianaiiua ia iiaa?oiinoe ea?ou. Ia
ea?oa iiaoo auoue cai?ia?aiie?iaaiu ?acee/iua o?iaie aaciianiinoe.
Aeey aoiaea ia oa??eoi?eth (a aeaa?ue, ai?ioa, eeoo, e o.ae.) neoaeauee
aeieaeai anoaaeoue naith ea?oo a n/eouaathuaa ono?ienoai e iaa?aoue naie
PIN-eiae ia aniiiiaaoaeueiie eeaaeaoo?a. A iaeioi?uo nenoaiao,
o?aaothueo iiauoaiiie caueou, iiaeao eniieueciaaoueny oaeaea
aeiiao?e/aneay eioi?iaoeey, iai?eia?, ioia/aoee iaeueoeaa,
oa?aeoa?enoeee aieina, aeae ?aaeoaeiie iaiei/ee aeaca, eioi?ay
n?aaieaaaony n oie eioi?iaoeeae, /oi caienaia ia nia?o-ea?oa. Anee ea?oa
e PIN-eiae (eee aeiiao?e/aneea ia?aiao?u) iiaeeeiiua, oi n/eouaathuaa
ono?ienoai iinueaao neaiae ioe?uoue aeaa?ue (ai?ioa e o.ae.) Iau/ii
aeaa?ue oaea?aeeaaaony cae?uoie neeueiie yeaeo?iiaaieoiie aeiee?iaeie,
eioi?oth neaiae ioeeth/aao. Anee aeaa?ae iiiai, oi ?acee/iua
n/eouaathuea ono?ienoaa iiaoo auoue niaaeeiaiu n eiiiuethoa?ii, eioi?ue
auiieiyao i?iaa?eo aeinooia e iinueaao neaiaeu aeey ioe?uoey aeaa?ae.
Eiiiuethoa? iiaeao oaeaea eniieueciaaoueny, /oiau eiio?iee?iaaoue e
niiauaoue ia?aiauaiey nio?oaeieeia (aoiae e auoiae).
Aaneiioaeoiua ea?ou eniieuecothony a neo/aa, eiaaea o?aaoaony aeinooi
aac auiieiaiey eaeeo-eeai iaieioeyoeee. Anee nio?oaeiee iineo ia
iaeaaeaea oaeoth ea?oo, oi i?e i?ioiaeaeaiee nio?oaeieea ieii ?eaea?a,
iineaaeiee aaoiiaoe/anee ioe?uaaao aeaa?e.
Ea?ou eiae/aneiai aeinooia iicaieytho oi?aaeyoue aeinooiii e
eiiiuethoa?ai e eiiiuethoa?iui naoyi. Aeey aeinooia e eiiiuethoa?o
iieueciaaoaeue aeieaeai anoaaeoue nia?o-ea?oo a ?eaea? e aaanoe naie
PIN-eiae. I?ia?aiiiia iaania/aiea iicaieyao onoaiiaeoue ianeieueei
o?iaiae aaciianiinoe, eioi?ua oi?aaeythony nenoaiiui aaeieieno?aoi?ii.
Ii?aaeaeaiiue o?iaaiue aaciianiinoe (aeinooia) iiaeao auoue i?enaiai
anai iieueciaaoaeyi, a?oiia iieueciaaoaeae, a oaeaea ioaeaeueiui eeoeai.
Nia?o-ea?ou oi?aaeaiey aeinooiii iicaieytho ?aaeeciaaoue /anoue eee ana
ooieoeee, iienaiiua ieaea.
Eiio?ieue aoiaea (log-on access). Ooieoeee ia?niiaeueiiai eiiiuethoa?a
iaaeinooiiu iieueciaaoaeth aei oao ii?, iiea ii ia anoaaeo nia?o-ea?oo a
?eaea? e aaaaeao naie PIN-eiae. Nenoaia i?iaa?yao iiaeeeiiinoue ea?ou e
iiaeoaa?aeaeaao aiciiaeiinoue iieueciaaoaey eiaoue aeinooi e
eiiiuethoa?o. Iiaeii onoaiiaeoue, /oiau ia?niiaeueiue eiiiuethoa?
aaoiiaoe/anee ioeeth/aeny iinea ii?aaeaeaiiiai ia?eiaea i?inoiy, a
neo/aa, anee iieueciaaoaeue iieeaeaao naia ?aai/aa ianoi, caaua aueoe ec
nenoaiu.
Aeinooi e ono?ienoaai ia?niiaeueiiai eiiiuethoa?a. A caaeneiinoe io
o?iaiy aeinooia, eioi?ui iaeaaeaao iieueciaaoaeue, aeinooi iiaeao auoue
ia?aie/ai e neaaeothuei ono?ienoaai ia?niiaeueiiai eiiiuethoa?a:
Aeeneiaiaeu aeaeeo aeeneia, aeeth/ay caueoo io caa?ocee.
Iaeiieoaee ia aeanoeeo aeeneao, eae eieaeueiuo, oae e naoaauo.
Eiae/aneea ?acaeaeu aeanoeiai aeenea.
Eiiioieeaoeeiiiua ii?ou.
Aeinooi e i?ia?aiiai, oaeeai e eiiaiaeai. A caaeneiinoe io i?aa
iieueciaaoaey iiaeao eiio?iee?iaaoueny aeinooi ei anai eee /anoe
ia?a/eneaiiuo ieaea cii nenoaiu. “Aeinooi” iiaeao auoue aeaeaa ?acaeo ia
i?aaa /oaiey, caiene e auiieiaiey, i?e/ai aiciiaeia ethaay eiiaeiaoeey
ec ia?a/eneaiiuo i?aa.
Iia?aoeeiiiay nenoaia
I?ia?aiiu e ooeeeou
Aee?aeoi?ee
Oaeeu
Iaeioi?ua eiiaiaeu DOS (iai?eia?, copy, del, fdisk, format, rename e
o.ae.).
Eiio?ieueiua ooieoeee. Aiciiaeia ?aaeno?aoeey neaaeothueo niauoee:
Aeaoa e a?aiy aoiaea a nenoaio iieueciaaoaey e auoiaea ec nenoaiu
Aeiionoeiua e iaaeiionoeiua iiiuoee aeinooia
Iiiuoee ia?ooaiey aeinooia e ?ano?nai
Iiiuoee eniieueciaaoue cai?auaiiua ooeeeou, i?ia?aiiu, eiiaiaeu DOS, e
o.ae.
Oeo?iaaiea aeaiiuo, eae i?ia?aiiiia, oae e n iiiiuueth ieao ?anoe?aiey,
onoaiaaeeaaaiuo a eiiiuethoa?a, iiaeao eniieueciaaoueny, /oiau naeaeaoue
aeaiiua iaaeinooiiuie aeey oao, eoi ia ciaao eiaea aeaoeo?iaee. Yoi
iniaaiii nouanoaaiii i?e ia?aaea/a aaaeiuo aeaiiuo a naoe.
Aaoi?ecaoeey i?ia?aii iicaieyao cai?aoeoue auiieiaiea i?ia?aii, ia
?ac?aoaiiuo aaeieieno?aoi?ii nenoaiu. Anee i?ia?aiia caa?oaeaaony a
nenoaio eee auiieiyaony iiiuoea caionoeoue aa n aeaeiai aeenea, nenoaia
i?aaeioa?auaao caione oaeie i?ia?aiiu, anee iia ia auea i?aaeaa?eoaeueii
?ac?aoaia. I?ioeaaeo?a ?ac?aoaiey (aaoi?ecaoeee) caienuaaao “oeeo?iaoth
iiaeienue” i?ia?aiiu. Anee iinea iineaaeiae aaoi?ecaoeee aue eciaiai
oioue iaeei aeo, oaeay i?ia?aiia ia caionoeony. Yoi ii/oe niaa?oaiiue
niinia aioeae?oniie caueou, eioi?ue ia o?aaoao ?aaoey?iuo iaiiaeaiee
aioeae?oniuo i?ia?aii, /oi noieue iau/ii i?e eniieueciaaiee
o?aaeeoeeiiiuo ?aoaiee.
Iiiaea i?ia?aiiiua nenoaiu caueou i?aaeeaaatho noiaeiua aiciiaeiinoe.
Nouanoaaiiui ioee/eai yaeyaony oi, /oi i?e eniieueciaaiee oieueei
i?ia?aiiiiai iaania/aiey aeey aeinooia e nenoaia iaiaoiaeeii anaai eeoue
ciaoue ia?ieue (PIN-eiae). I?e eniieueciaaiee ?aoaiee, iniiaaiiuo ia
nia?o-ea?oao, o?aaoaony eae ciaiea PIN-eiaea, oae e oece/aneia iaee/ea
nia?o-ea?ou. Iieueciaaoaeue iiaeao e ia ciaoue, noae ee aai ia?ieue
eiio-eeai ecaanoai, ii ii oi/ii ciaao, /oi nia?o-ea?oa i?e iai eee
ooa?yia. E?iia oiai, aaeieieno?aoi? nenoaiu iiaeao a ethaia a?aiy
cai?aoeoue aeinooi e nenoaia ethaie nia?o-ea?oa. Iaaei ioiaoeoue, /oi
iaeaieueoea i?iaeaiu, naycaiiua n aaciianiinoueth eiiiuethoa?iuo nenoai
i?ienoiaeyo ia ec-ca i?aaeiaia?aiiiai ai?ianoaa eee ?ac?ooaiey aeaiiuo
(oioy, eiia/ii, e oaeia neo/aaony). Aieueoay /anoue i?iaeai a caueoa
aeaiiuo aicieeaao ec-ca “/anoiuo ioeaie”. Iiaue iieueciaaoaeue neo/aeii
ii?oeo eee oaeaeyao aeeciaiii aaaeiua aeaiiua, n eiiiuethoa?iie ea?ie a
nenoaio caiinyony ae?onu – ana yoi na?ueaciua oa?icu aeey aaciianiinoe
aeaiiuo, o?aiyueony ia ia?niiaeueiii eiiiuethoa?a eee a naoe.
Ea?ou o?aiaiey aeaiiuo
eniieuecothony aeey o?aiaiey eioi?iaoeee i caei?iauea e enoi?ee aieacie,
nooaeai/aneeo ca/aoiuo aaaeiiinoae, aa?aioeeiie eee nii?iaiaeeoaeueiie
eioi?iaoeee e o.ae.
Aiiaua, naiue aieueoie iioaioeeae aeey o?aiaiey aeaiiuo ia nia?o-ea?oao
nouanoaoao a cae?aaiio?aiaiee. Eiioeaioeey iiaeeciaiiie ea?ou oaea
oi?ioi ?ac?aaioaia. Yoa ea?oa auaeaaony e /aeiaaeo i?e ?iaeaeaiee e
nio?aiyaony anth aeecie. Ia ea?oa iiaeao o?aieony eioi?iaoeey ia enoi?ee
aieaciae /aeiaaea, i?eieiaaiuo eaea?noaao, ?aoeaioao, aeea?ae/aneeo
?aaeoeeyo, no?aoiaeao e o.ae. ?acee/iua o?iaie caueou iicaieyoue eiaoue
aeinooi e eiioeaeaioeeaeueiie eioi?iaoeee oieueei oai, o eiai anoue ia
yoi i?aai. Iai?eia?, aioaea?ue aoaeao niiniaai i?iniao?eaaoue
eioi?iaoeeth i ?aoeaioao caeac/eea, ii ia ae?oaoth, eiioeaeaioeeaeueioth
eioi?iaoeeth i caei?iauea eeeaioa. Enoi?ey aieacie iaoeeaioa eaaei
i?ineaaeeaaaony, iicaieyy auno?ue, aieaa oi/iue auai? iaoiaeia ea/aiey.
Iineieueeo ana aeeciaiii aaaeiua aeaiiua nio?aiythony ia ieaoa, ethaeae,
n eioi?uie i?iecioae ian/anoiue neo/ae eee aieaciue a ae?oaeo ai?iaeao,
iiaeii ia/eiaoue ea/eoue aac iaiaoiaeeiinoe aeaeaoue eioi?iaoeeth io eo
ea/auaai a?a/a. Ianeieueei ?aaioathueo e yenia?eiaioaeueiuo aa?nee oaeeo
nenoai oaea i?eiaiyaony a NOA, Aa?iia, e ssiiiee. ?acoeueoaou
iieacuaatho, /oi yeiiiiey oieueei ia oi?aaeaiee e aoiaaeiie ?aaioa
ieoiatho naie ea?ou, e iicaieyao aieueoa a?aiaie e oneeee
I?eioeei ?aaiou nia?o-ea?o ia i?eia?a o?ainii?oiuo ea?o Iineianeiai
iao?iiieeoaia.
Eoae, ?a/ue iieaeao i ea?oi/eao, i?eiaiyaiuo a iao?i, a oi/iaa – ia
eioaa?aeueiuo noaiao “MIFARE 1 S50”. Naie iee?inoaiu ieeae n iao?i ia
naycaiu e iiaoo i?eiaiyoueny aeey ?aoaiey ethauo caaea/ n aaneiioaeoiuie
eeth/aauie ea?oaie. Oai ia iaiaa, aeey i?inoiou e aaeaeo i?e/ei
niaa?oaiii i/aaeaeiuo aoaeai nnueaoueny ia ieo, eae ia aaneiioaeoiua
ea?ou iao?i.
Naia ea?oa niaea?aeeo anaai aeaa yeaiaioa – nianoaaiii, iee?inoaio e
ieineoth iaiioeo-aioaiio, eniieuecoaioth eae aeey yeaeo?iieoaiey ea?ou,
oae e aeey nayce n oino-nenoaiie (oo?ieeaoii). Iaaaaeaiiia oo?ieeaoii a
aioaiia iai?yaeaiea aeinoaoi/ii aaeeei aeey oiai, /oiau iinea
aui?yieaiey e noaaeeecaoeee niaaaeeoue ea?oo yia?aeae, iaiaoiaeeiie aeey
ia?aaioee eioi?iaoeee e iinueee ia?aoiiai neaiaea. ?aaioaao ?aaeeinaycue
ia /anoioa 13.56 IAoe e nei?inoue nayce aeinoeaaao 106 EAiae. I?e yoii
ea?oa aeieaeia iaoiaeeoueny ia ?annoiyiee ieeae ia aieaa 10 ni io
oo?ieeaoa. Eae i?aaeei, aeey i?iaaaeaiey eeanne/aneeo iia?aoeee n ea?oie
aeinoaoi/ii 0.1 naeoiaeu – ca yoi a?aiy iiaeii i?iaanoe iaeei-aeaa
aeanyoea yeaiaioa?iuo iaiaiia eioi?iaoeeae, oaeeo, eae n/eouaaiea,
caienue e eie?aiaio aeiea.
Ea?oa – yoi iaeei eeeiaaeo yia?aiiacaaeneiie iaiyoe. Ii aeaeeony ia 16
naeoi?ia ii 4 16-aaeoiuo aeiea a eaaeaeii. Aeie – iaeiaiueoay
aae?anoaiay aaeeieoea i?e ?aaioa n ea?oie. Naeoi? – aaeeieoea, n eioi?ie
niiinoaaeythony ioaeaeueiua i?aaa aeinooia e eeth/e aeey i?iaaaeaiey
iia?aoeee. Eaaeaeue naeoi? o?aieo nianoaaiioth ia?o eeth/ae, a i?aaa
aeinooia oeacuaatho, eaeie aeinooi i?e oeacaiee eaeiai eeth/a aiciiaeai.
Iao?i eniieuecoao oieueei naeoi?u 0 e 15 ea?ou. Ioeaaie naeoi? –
niaoeeaeueiue e a aai ioeaaii aeiea o?aieony oieeaeueiue eaeaioeoeeaoi?
ea?ou, eioi?ue eniieuecoaony aeey oiai, /oiau ioee/aoue aa io ae?oaeo. A
15, ii anae aeaeeiinoe, ieoaony niaoeeoe/aneay aeey nenoaiu eioi?iaoeey
– e i?eia?o, iiia? ianyoea aeey iany/iiai i?iacaeiiai, /enei iiacaeie.
I?eioeei ?aaiou. Au iiaeoiaeeoa e oo?ieeaoo e iiaeiineoa ea?oo e
aeao/eeo. Ia?aaeathuay nenoaia aeao/eea iaaiaeeo a aioaiia ea?ou
yeaeo?e/aneee oie, eioi?ue iinooiaao a ea?oo e niaaaeaao aa yia?aeae.
Yoio aea oie ianao a naaa eiaee?iaaiioth eioi?iaoeeth cai?ina oo?ieeaoa
e ea?oa. Ea?oa ioaa/aao ia iaai (/a?ac ooaea aioaiio, eniieuecoy
iaeiieaiioth yia?aeth) eaeaioeoeeaoi?ii, eioi?ue ii?aaeaeyao i?ioieie
aeaeueiaeoaai iauaiey. Ii eaeaioeoeeaoi?o oo?ieeao ocia?o oei ea?ou e
“?acaiaa?eaaao” n iae niioaaonoaaiii oeio.
Aeaeaa eaeao n/eouaaiea na?eeiiai iiia?a ea?ou. Anee a yoio iiiaio a
iiea ?aaeeinenoaiu oo?ieeaoa ieacaeinue aieaa iaeiie ea?ou, i?ienoiaeeo
eieeecey e n/eouaaiea iiaoi?yaony aei oao ii?, iiea ia aoaeoo /enoi e
aac anyeeo eieeecee ieaaeoony, n/eoaiu iiia?a anao iaoiaeyueony a
i?aaeaeao aeinooiiinoe ea?o. A /anoiinoe, anee a aaoai eioaeueea aeaa
ea?ou e eeoue iaeia ec ieo – iao?ioiay, oo?ieeao niiaeao aeeth/eoue
eeoue aa e iii?ineoue inoaeueiua ea?ou iiea “iiiie/aoue”. Iauaiea aoaeao
i?ienoiaeeoue n eiie?aoii yoie ea?oie.
Caoai i?ienoiaeeo auai? naeoi?a ea?ou, n eioi?ui oo?ieeao (eee eiia
ono?ienoai aeey ?aaiou n aaneiioaeoiuie ea?oaie) oi/ao iaiaiyoueny
eioi?iaoeeae. Aeey aeaiiiai naeoi?a i?iecaiaeeony iaiai oeo?iaeaie,
i?ecaaiiue oaaaeeoue oo?ieeao e ea?oo a oii, /oi iie – aeaenoaeoaeueii
oa, ca eiai naay auaeatho. I?e yoii eniieuecoaony niinia “y ooo aeai
oaaa /enei, a ou aai caoeo?oe, e ioaao i?eoee iia. A y iiaeyaeo, oae ee
ou caoeo?iaae, eae iieiaeaii”. Yoa i?iaa?ea auiieiyaony n iaaeo noi?ii,
iinea /aai ana oaea oaa?aiu a oii, /oi iie – yoi iie. Aeeth/aaony
oeo?iaaiea eaiaea, e oo?ieeao iiaeao, a niioaaonoaee n ?ac?aoaiiui aio
aai eeth/ii aeinooiii /eoaoue e iiaeeoeoee?iaaoue aeaiiua a ea?oa.
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