Iauay oa?aeoa?enoeea iia?aoeeiiiuo nenoai nia?aiaiiuo IAYI
Iniiaiua ninoaaiua /anoe DOS
Iia?aoeeiiiay nenoaia DOS ninoieo ec neaaeothueo /anoae.
Iia?aoeeiiiay nenoaia — yoi i?ia?aiia, eioi?ay caa?oaeaaony i?e
aeeth/aiee eiiiuethoa?a. Iia i?iecaiaeeo aeeaeia n iieueciaaoaeai,
inouanoaeyao oi?aaeaiea eiiiuethoa?ii, aai ?ano?naie (iia?aoeaiie
iaiyoueth, ianoii ia aeeneao e o.ae.), caioneaao ae?oaea (i?eeeaaeiua)
i?ia?aiiu ia auiieiaiea. Iia?aoeeiiiay nenoaia iaania/eaaao
iieueciaaoaeth e i?eeeaaeiui i?ia?aiiai oaeiaiue niinia iauaiey
(eioa?oaen) n ono?ienoaaie eiiiuethoa?a.
Iniiaiay i?e/eia iaiaoiaeeiinoe iia?aoeeiiiie nenoaiu ninoieo a oii, /oi
yeaiaioa?iua iia?aoeee aeey ?aaiou n ono?ienoaaie eiiiuethoa?a e
oi?aaeaiey ?ano?naie eiiiuethoa?a — yoi iia?aoeee i/aiue ieceiai o?iaiy,
iiyoiio aeaenoaey, eioi?ua iaiaoiaeeiu iieueciaaoaeth e i?eeeaaeiui
i?ia?aiiai, ninoiyo ec ianeieueeeo nioai eee ouny/ oaeeo yeaiaioa?iuo
iia?aoeee.
Aaciaay nenoaia aaiaea-auaiaea (BIOS), iaoiaeyuayny a iinoiyiiie iaiyoe
(iinoiyiiii caiiieiathuai ono?ienoaa, ICO) eiiiuethoa?a. Yoa /anoue
iia?aoeeiiiie nenoaiu yaeyaony «ano?iaiiie» a eiiiuethoa?. Aa iacia/aiea
ninoieo a auiieiaiee iaeaieaa i?inouo e oieaa?naeueiuo oneoa
iia?aoeeiiiie nenoaiu, naycaiiuo n inouanoaeaieai aaiaea-auaiaea.
Aaciaay nenoaia aaiaea-auaiaea niaea?aeeo oaeaea oano ooieoeeiie?iaaiey
eiiiuethoa?a, i?iaa?ythuee ?aaioo iaiyoe e ono?ienoa eiiiuethoa?a i?e
aeeth/aiee aai yeaeo?iieoaiey. E?iia oiai, aaciaay nenoaia
aaiaea-auaiaea niaea?aeeo i?ia?aiio auciaa caa?oc/eea iia?aoeeiiiie
nenoaiu.
Caa?oc/ee iia?aoeeiiiie nenoaiu — yoi i/aiue ei?ioeay i?ia?aiia,
iaoiaeyuayny a ia?aii naeoi?a eaaeaeie aeeneaou n iia?aoeeii iie
nenoaiie DOS. Ooieoeey yoie i?ia?aiiu caeeth/aaony a n/eouaa iee a
iaiyoue aua aeaoo iiaeoeae iia?aoeeiiiie nenoaiu, eioi?ua e caaa?oatho
i?ioeann caa?ocee DOS.
Ia aeanoeii aeenea (aei/anoa?a) caa?oc/ee iia?aoeeiiiie nenoaiu ninoieo
ec aeaoo /anoae. Yoi naycaii n oai, /oi aeanoeee aeene iiaeao auoue
?acaeo ia ianeieueei ?acaeaeia (eiae/aneeo aeeneia). Ia?aay /anoue
caa?oc/eea iaoiaeeony a ia?aii naeoi?a aeanoeiai aeenea, iia auae?aao,n
eaeiai ec ?acaeaeia aeanoeiai aeenea neaaeoao i?iaeieaeeoue caa?oce
Aoi?ay /anoue caa?oc/eea iaoiaeeony a ia?aii naeoi?a yoiai ?acaeae iia
n/eouaaao a iaiyoue iiaeoee DOS e ia?aaeaao ei oi?aaeaiea.
Aeeneiaua oaeeu 10.SYS e MSDOS.SYS (iie iiaoo iacuaaoueny ii-ae?oaiio,
iai?eia? IAIA.NII e IBMDOS.COM aeey PC DO; URBIOS.SYS e DRDOS.SYS aeey
DR DOS, — iacaaiey iaiythony a caaeneiinoe io aa?nee iia?aoeeiiiie
nenoaiu). Iie caa?oaeathony a iaiyoue caa?oc/eeii iia?aoeeiiiie nenoaiu
e inoathony a iaiyoe eiiiue oa?a iinoiyiii. Oaee 10.SYS i?aaenoaaeyao
niaie aeiiieiaiea e aacoaie nenoaia aaiaea-auaiaea a ICO. Oaee MSDOS.SYS
?aaeecoao iniiaiua aunieio?iaiaaua oneoae DOS.
Eiiaiaeiue i?ioeanni? DOS ia?aaaouaaao eiiaiaeu, aaiaeeiua
iieueciaaoaeai. Eiiaiaeiue i?ioeanni? iaoiaeeony a aeeneiaii oaee!
COMMAND.NII ia aeenea, n eioi?iai caa?oaeaaony iia?aoeeiiiay nenoaia.
Iaeioi?ua eiiaiaeu iieueciaaoaey, iai?eia? Type, Dir eee Ni?) eiiaiaeiue
i?ioeanni? auiieiyao nai. Oaeea eiiaiaeu iacuaathon aioo?aiieie. Aeey
auiieiaiey inoaeueiuo (aiaoieo) eiiaiae iieueciaaoaey eiiaiaeiue
i?ioeanni? euao ia aeeneao i?ia?aiio n niioaaonoaothuei eiaiai e anee
iaoiaeeo aa, oi caa?oaeaao a iaiyoue e ia?aaeaao ee oi?aaeaiea. Ii
ieii/aiee ?aaiou i?ia?aiiu eiiaiaeiue i?ioeanni? oaeaeyao i?ia?aiio ec
iaiyoe e auaiaeeo niiauaiea i aioiaiinoe e au iieiaieth eiiaiae
(i?eaeaoaiea DOS).
Aiaoiea eiiaiaeu DOS — yoi i?ia?aiiu, iinoaaeyaiua aianoa n
iia?aoeeiiiie nenoaiie a aeaea ioaeaeueiuo oaeeia. Yoe i?ia?aiiu
auiieiytho aeaenoaey ianeoaeeaathuaai oa?aeoa?a, iai?eia?
oi?iaoe?iaaiiea aeeneao, i?iaa?eo aeeneia e o.ae.
Ae?aeaa?u ono?ienoa — yoi niaoeeaeueiua i?ia?aiiu, eioi?ua aeiiieiytho
nenoaio aaiaea-auaiaea DOS e iaania/eaatho ianeoaeeaaiea iiauo eee
ianoaiaea?oiia eniieueciaaiea eiathueony ono?ienoa. Iai?eia?, n
iiiiuueth ae?aeaa?ia aiciiaeia ?aaioa n «yeaeo?iiiui aeeneii» o.a.
/anoueth iaiyoe eiiiuethoa?a, n eioi?ie iiaeii ?aaioaoue oae aea, eae n
aeeneii. Ae?aeaa?u caa?oaeathony a iaiyoue eiiiuethoa?a i?e caa?ocea
iia?aoeeiiiie nenoaiu, eo eiaia oeacuaathony a niaoeeaeueiii oaee
CONFIG.SYS. Oaeay noaia iaeaa/aao aeiaaaeaiea iiauo ono?ienoa iicaieyao
aeaeaoue yoi, ia cao?aaeaay nenoaiiua oaeeu DOS.
Aa?nee DOS
Ia?aay aa?ney iia?aoeeiiiie nenoaiu aeey eiiiuethoa?a IBM PC — MS DOS
1.0 auea nicaeaia oe?iie Microsoft a 1981 a. A aeaeueiaeoai ii ia?a
niaa?oainoaiaaiey eiiiuethoa?ia IBM PC auioneaeenue e iiaua aa?nee DOS,
o/eouaathuea iiaua aiciiaeiinoe eiiiuethoa?ia e i?aaeinoaaeythuea
aeiiieieoaeueiua oaeianoaa iieueciaaoaeth.
A 1987 a. oe?ia Microsoft ?ac?aaioaea aa?neth 3.3 (3.30) iia?aoeeiiiie
nenoaiu MS DOS. eioi?ay noaea oaeoe/aneei noaiaea?oii ia iineaaeothuea
3-4 aiaea. Yoa aa?ney aanueia eiiiaeoia e iaeaaeaao aeinoaoi/iui iaai?ii
aiciiaeiinoae, oae /oi ia «noaiaea?oiie IBM PC AT» e oaia?ue aa
yenieoaoaoeey aiieia oeaeaniia?acia. Ii ia aieaa iiuiuo eiiiuethoa?ao n
ianeieueeeie iaaaaaeoaie iia?aoeaiie iaiyoe aeaeaoaeueii eniieueciaaoue
aa?nee 5.0 eee 6.0 iia?aoeeiiiie nenoaiu MS DOS. Yoe aa?nee eiatho
n?aaenoaa aeey yooaeoeaiiai eniieueciaaiey iia?aoeaiie iaiyoe naa?o 640
Eaaeo, iicaieytho ?aaioaoue n eiae/aneeie aeeneaie, aieueoeie 32 Iaaeo,
ia?aiineoue DOS e ae?aeaa?u ono?ienoa a ?anoe?aiioth iaiyoue,
inaiaiaeaeay ianoi a iau/iie iaiyoe aeey i?eeeaaeiuo i?ia?aii, e o.ae.
Aa?ney 6.0 MS DOS aeeth/aao n?aaenoaa naeaoey eioi?iaoeee ia aeeneao
(DoubleSpace), i?ia?aiiu nicaeaiey ?aca?aiuo eiiee, aioeae?onioth
i?ia?aiio e ae?oaea iaeeea oniaa?oainoaiaaiey. Iaeiaei a yoie aa?nee
i?ia?aiiu naeaoey eioi?iaoeee ia anaaaea ?aaioaee ei??aeoii, /oi
i?eaiaeeei e iioa?yi aeaiiuo o iaeioi?uo iieueciaaoaeae. Aeey ono?aiaiey
yoeo i?iaeai e ae?oaeo ioeaie oe?ia Microsoft auionoeea aa?neth MS DOS
6.20. Yoa aa?ney ?aaioaao onoie/eaaa, iaaeaaeiaa e auno?aa, /ai MS DOS
6.0 e aeeth/aao ?yae iaaieuieo oniaa?oainoaiaaiee. Iaeiaei noaeaaiia
?aoaiea ii iiaiaeo ia?ooaiey a MS DOS iaoaioia oe?iu Stack Electronics
auioaeeei Microsoft auionoeoue nia/aea aa?neth MS DOS 6.21. a eioi?ie
auea ecuyoa ia?ooeaoay iaoaio i?ia?aiia aeeiaie/aneiai naeaoey aeeneia
DoubleSpace, a caoai MS DOS 6.22 n «iiaei?aaeaiiie» aa?neae DoubleSpace,
ia ia?ooathuae iaoaio. Ii iiaio iiaieth, ec yoeo aa?nee eo/oay — 6.20.
Windows 3.1
Iia?aoeeiiiay iaiei/ea Windows 3.1 — yoi ?ac?aaioaiiay oe?iie Microsoft
iaaeno?ieea iaae iia?aoeeiiiie nenoaiie DOS, iaania/eaathuay aieueoia
eiee/anoai aiciiaeiinoae e oaeianoa aeey iieueciaaoaeae e i?ia?aiienoia.
Oe?i/aeoaa ?ani?ino?aiaiea Windows naeaeaei 661 oaeoe/aneei noaiaea?oii
aeey IBM PC-niaianoeiuo eiiiuethoa?ia: iiaeaaeythuaa aieueoeinoai
iieueciaaoaeae oaeeo eiiiuethoa?ia ?aaioatho a “”Windows, iiyoiio a
iineaaeiaa a?aiy i?aeoe/anee ana iiaua i?ia?aiiu ?ac?aaaouaathony eiaiii
aeey eo yenieoaoaoeee a n?aaea Windows. “A ioee/ea io iaiei/ae oeia
Norton Commander, Windows ia oieueei iaania/eaaao oaeiaiue e iaaeyaeiue
eioa?oaen aeey iia?aoeee n oaeeaie, aeeneaie e o.ae., ii e
i?aaeinoaaeyao iiaua aiciiaeiinoe aeey caioneaaiuo a n?aaea Windows
i?ia?aii. ?acoiaaony, aeey eniieueciaaiey yoeo aiciiaeiinoae i?ia?aiiu
aeieaeiu auoue ni?iaeoe?iaaiu ii o?aaiaaieyi Windows. Oaeea i?ia?aiiu ia
iiaoo auiieiyoueny aia n?aaeu Windows, iiyoiio iu aoaeai iacuaaoue eo
Windows-i?ia?aiiaie eee WincSows-i?eeiaeaiiyie. Ai?i/ai, Windows iiaeao
auiieiyaue e iau/iua i?ia?aiiu, ?ac?aaioaiiua aeey DOS. ii i?e yoii
oaeea i?ia?aiiu ia eniieuecotho ieeaeeo i?aeiouanoa Windows e ?aaioatho
iaaeeaiiaa, /ai i?e iaiin?aaenoaaiiii auciaa ec DOS.
Iaiei/ea Windows 3.1 aeeth/aao a naay iiiaeanoai eiiiiiaioia e
iaania/eaaao iieueciaaoaeyi ?acee/iie eaaeeoeeaoeee eiioi?oiua oneiaey
?aaiou.
Aa?ney 3.0 iaiei/ee Windows (e iiyaeaoayny neaaeii 3.1) eniiaaaeoao
niaa?oaiii ae?oaea i?eioeeiu a /anoe eioa?oaena iieueciaaoaey n YAI.
(Iiaeii n/eoaoue yoe i?eioeeiu iiauie, ii iaoeiu oe?iu Apple no?iyony ia
yoeo i?eioeeiao oaea a oa/aiea ianeieueeeo eao.) Iniiaiay eaeay,
caeiaeaiiay a iniiao iaiei/ee Windows, — anoanoaaiiinoue i?aaenoaaeaiey
eioi?iaoeee. Eioi?iaoeey aeieaeia i?aaenoaaeyoueny a oie oi?ia, eioi?ay
iaania/eaaao iaeaieaa yooaeoeaiia onaiaiea yoie eioi?iaoeee /aeiaaeii.
Ianiio?y ia i?inoioo (e aeaaea o?eaeaeueiinoue) yoiai i?eioeeia, aai
?aaeecaoeey a eioa?oaenao i?eeeaaeiuo i?ia?aii ia?niiaeueiuo YAI ii
?aciui i?e/eiai inoaaeyea aeaeaoue eo/oaai. Aea e ?aaeecaoeey aai a
?aieao Windows 3.1 oiaea ia eeoaia iaaeinoaoeia. Ii yoa iaiei/ea
i?aaenoaaeyao niaie nouanoaaiiue oaa aia?aae ii n?aaiaieth n
i?aaeuaeoueie eioa?oaenaie iieueciaaoaey n YAI. Iaeaieaa aaaeiuie
ioee/eoaeueiuie /a?oaie aa yaeythony neaaeothuea:
• Windows i?aaenoaaeyao niaie caieioooth ?aai/oth n?aaeo. I?aeoe/anee
ethaua iia?aoeee, aeinooiiua ia o?iaia iia?aoeeiiiie nenoaiu, iiaoo
auoue auiieiaiu aac auoiaea ec Windows. Caione i?eeeaaeiie i?ia?aiiu,
oi?iaoe?iaaiea aeeneao, ia/aoue oaenoia — ana yoi iiaeii aucaaoue ec
Windows e aa?iooueny a Windows ii caaa?oaiee iia?aoeee. Iiuo ?aaiou a
DOS i?eaiaeeony e caeanue; iiiaea iniiaiiieaaathuea i?eioeeiu e iiiyoey
n?aaeu Windows ia ioee/athony io niioaaonoaothueo i?eioeeiia e iiiyoee
n?aaeu DOS. Iniiaiuie iiiyoeyie iieueciaaoaeueneiai eioa?oaena a n?aaea
Windows yaeythony ieii e ieeoia?aiia. Ana, /oi i?ienoiaeeo a ?aieao
iaiei/ee Windows, a ii?aaeaeaiiii niunea i?aaenoaaeyao niaie eeai
iia?aoeeth n ieeoia?aiiie, eeai iia?aoeeth n ieiii (eee a ieia).
Noaiaea?oeciaaia a n?aaea Windows e no?oeoo?a ieii e ?aniieiaeaiea
yeaiaioia oi?aaeaiey eie. Noaiaea?oeciaaiu iaai?u iia?aoeee e no?oeoo?a
iaith aeey na?aeniuo i?ia?aii. Noaiaea?oiu iia?aoeee, auiieiyaiua n
iiiiuueth iuoe aeey anao na?aeniuo e i?eeeaaeiuo i?ia?aii.
• Windows i?aaenoaaeyao niaie a?aoe/aneoth iaiei/eo. Oo iieueciaaoaey ia
o?aaoaony aaiae aee?aeoea n eeaaeaoo?u a aeaea oaenoiauo no?ie.
Iaiaoiaeeii oieueei aieiaoaeueii niio?aoue ia ye?ai e auae?aoue ec
i?aaeeaaaaiiai iaai?a o?aaoaioth iia?aoeeth n iiiiuueth iaieioeyoi?a
iuoue. Eo?ni? iuoe neaaeoao iiceoeeiie?iaaoue ia iiea o?aaoaiie
aee?aeoeau iaith, eee ia eioa?anothuoth ieeoia?aiio, eee ia iiea
ia?aeeth/aoaey nenoai ?ann/eoaiu ia auiieiaiea a aeaiiue iiiaio oieueei
iaeiie i?ia?aiiu. A ?aieao Windows iieueciaaoaeue iiaeao caionoeoue
ianeieueei i?ia?aii aeey ia?aeeaeueiiai (iacaaeneiiai) auiieiaiey.
Eaaeaeay ec auiieiyaiuo i?ia?aii eiaao naia nianoaaiiia ieii.
Ia?aeeth/aiea iaaeaeo auiieiyaiuie i?ia?aiiaie i?iecaiaeeony n iiiiuueth
iuoe oeenaoeeae eo?ni?a a ieia o?aaoaiie i?ia?aiiu.
(eiiiee). Ia aua?aiiii iauaeoa iaiaoiaeeii iacuaaaiua Naycaiiua (eee
Niaoaiiua) aeieoiaiou. Yoa ?aciiaeaeiinoue aeieoiaioia iicaieyao
niaeaniauaaoue i?ioeannu aianaiey eciaiaiee a iaeie e oa aea iauaeou
?aciuie i?ia?aiiaie, a oaeaea aaoiiaoe/anee ?ani?ino?aiyoue eciaiaiey ec
iaeiiai aeieoiaioa ia ana naycaiiua n iei.
Windows-i?eeiaeaiey
Windows — eioaa?e?iaaiiay i?ia?aiia. Iiae oi?aaeaieai iaiei/ee Windows
iiaoo ?aaioaoue ia oieueei niaoeeaeueiua i?ia?aiiu, ?ac?aaioaiiua aeey
yenieoaoaoeee a n?aaea Windows (Windows-i?eeiaeaiey), ii e “iau/iua”
i?ia?aiiu, ?aaioathuea a n?aaea DOS, o.i. DOS-i?eeiaeaiey
(DOS-i?eeeaaeiua i?ia?aiiu). Iaiei/ea Window iaania/eaaao yooaeoeaiue e
eiioi?oaaaeueiue iaiai eioi?iaoeeae iaaeaeo ioaeaeueiuie i?ia?aiiaie,
auiieiyaiuie iiae aa oi?aaeaieai. Caeanue ?a/ue a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue
eaeao i Windows-ipeeoaeeieyx. N iiiyoeai eioaa?e?iaaiiinoe naycuaatho
iau/ii oaeaea aiciiaeiinoue niaianoiiai eniieueciaaiey ?ano?nia
eiiiuethoa?a ?acee/iuie i?ia?aiiaie. Oae, e i?eia?o, i?eioa?,
iiaeeeth/aiiue e eiiiuethoa?o, iiaeao n iaeeiaeiaui oniaoii
eniieueciaaoueny anaie i?ia?aiiaie ia eiieo?aioiie iniiaa. I?e/ai ana
iia?aoeee, naycaiiua n iaiaoiaeeiinoueth ia?aeiaee?iaie, niai ae?aeaa?ia
(iai?eia?, i?e ia?aoiaea io ia/aoe oaenoia e auaiaeo eeethno?aoeee)
aa?ao ia naay iaiei/ea.
Aieueoeinoai iieueciaaoaeae i?eaeaeaao a n?aaea Windows ia oieueei e ia
noieueei eiioi?oaaaeueiinoue naiie iaiei/ee, neieueei niaoeeoeea
?aaeeciaaiiuo a yoie n?aaea i?eeiaeaiee. Iniaaiiinoe ?aaeecaoeee a
n?aaea Windows aeaaea ciaeiiuo iieueciaaoaeyi ii ?aaioa a DOS
i?eeeaaeiuo i?ia?aii (i?eeiaeaiee) i?aeoe/anee iicaieytho ?anniao?eaaoue
Windows-aa?nee yoeo i?ia?aii eae niaa?oaiii iiaua i?iaeoeou.
?aaioa a o6oei/ea Windows e a Windows-i?eeiaeaieyo i?aaeiieaaaao
naiaia?acioth ia?ano?ieeo “ia?aca aeecie”. “AEeciue” iieueciaaoaey a
n?aaea ‘Windows nii?yaeaia n “iuoeiui” oi?aaeaieai, iaiaiaie aeaiiuie
iaaeaeo ioaeaeueiuie i?ia?aiiaie e ia?aeeaeueiui auiieiaieai.
Noaiaea?oecaoeey eioa?oaenia ioaeaeueiuo Windows-i?eeiaeaiee iicaieyao
eaaei ia?aoiaeeoue io iaeiiai i?eeiaeaiey e ae?oaiio, ia ia/eiay
eaaeaeue ?ac n ioey (oioy au a ieaia niiniaia e n?aaenoa oi?aaeaiey).
caoeene?iaaoue eo?ni? eiiieie iuoe — e iia?aoeey auiieiyaony. N
iiiiuueth oiai aea iaieioeyoi?a iiaeii ia?aiauaoue ieeoia?aiiu e ieia ii
ye?aio, iaiyoue eo ?acia?, ioe?uaaoue e cae?uaaoue eo — e ana yoi i?e
ieieiaeueiii eniieueciaaiee eeaaeaoo?u aeey aaiaea eaeeo au oi ie auei
aee?aeoea. E?iia oiai, aeey ethaeoaeae o?aaeeoeeiiiiai eioa?oaena DOS
?aaeeciaaia aiciiaeiinoue auoiaea ia yoio o?iaaiue. I?e ?ac?aaioea
a?aoe/aneiai eioa?oaena Windows ia iineaaeithth ?ieue ea?aee e
y?aiiiie/aneea niia?aaeaiey: o/oaiu o?aaiaaiey e oeaaoiaie aaiia,
ni/aoaieyi oeaaoia, o?eooai, oi?iai e ?acia?ai ieeoia?aii e ieii. Ii
n?aaiaieth n iaeioi?uie ae?oaeie iaeaoaie aiaoiaa ioi?ieaiea iaiei/ee
Windows iiaeao auoue i?eciaii “nia?oaineei” aneaaenoaea ionoonoaey
eceeoanoa e ca aeaeiaie noeeue. Iiiyoea “a?aoe/anee-i?eaioe?iaaiiue”
aeeth/aao a naay aeey Windows oaeaea e niioaaonoaea ecia?aaeaiey ia
ye?aia iineaaeothuaio ecia?aaeaieth ia oaa?aeie eiiee (?ania/aoea). A
yoii ieaia iiaeii n/eoaoue, /oi a iaiei/ea Windows ?aaeeciaai i?eioeei
WYSIWYG ( What Yon See Is What You Get = To, /oi Au aeaeeoa, oi e
iieo/aaoa), aei neo ii? auaoee i?eaeeaaeae ioiineoaeueii iaaieueoiai
/enea i?ia?aii- N iiiiuueth TrueType-o?eooia yoio i?eioeei iaoae a
?aieao Windows 3.1 naia aeaeueiaeoaa ?acaeoea.
Windows iaania/eaaao iacaaeneiue caione e ia?aeeaeueiia auiieiaiea
ianeieueeeo i?ia?aii. Aieueoeinoai ae?oaeo iaiei/ae e iia?aoeeiiiuo
A oe?iaiiie iinoaaea iaeaoa Windows iaoiaeeony ianeieueei i?eeiaeaiee.
Ana iie iauaaeeiaiu a a?oiio Accessories (aenannoa?u, eino?oiaiou). Yoi
iaaieueoea ii ?acia?o e aiciiaeiinoyi i?eeeaaeiua i?ia?aiiu,
ninoaaeythuea “aeaeaioeueiaineee iaai?” iieueciaaoaey. Ei aeaeaei aei
i?ioanneiiaeueiuo niaoeeaeece?iaaiiuo iaeaoia. Ii iie i?ae?anii
eeethno?e?otho aiciiaeiinoe iaiei/ee e iaania/eaatho iaeioi?ue
ieieiaeueiue na?aen. Aieaa oiai, aanueia iieacii ia/eiaoue ciaeiinoai n
na?ueaciuie iaeaoaie eiaiii n niioaaonoaothueo n?aaenoa yoie a?oiiu.
Oae, iai?eia?, ii?aaioaa iaeioi?ia a?aiy n oaenoiaui ?aaeaeoi?ii Write,
a aeaeueiaeoai iiaeii eaaei ia?aeoe e eniieueciaaieth oaeeo
i?ioanneiiaeue-iuo iaeaoia ia?aaioee oaenoia, eae Word aeey Windows,
Lotus Ami Professional, WordPerfect aeey Windows’ o.i. E?iia oiai, a
i?eeiaeaieyo ec a?oiiu Accessories ?aaeeciaaiu iiiaea iiaeiee,
oa?aeoa?iua eiaiii aeey iineaaeiae aa?nee 3.1 iaiei/ee Windows (?aaioa n
iauaeoaie, iiaua o?eoou…).
Windows 95
Iauaeoii-i?eaioe?iaaiiue iiaeoiae
I?e nicaeaiee Windows 95 oe?ia Microsoft a iieiie ia?a ?aaeeciaaea
iauaeoii-i?eaioe?iaaiiue iiaeoiae. Iineieueeo eiaiii ii eaa a iniiao
iiaie iia?aoeeiiiie nenoaiu, aia/aea neaaeai ianeieueei neia i oii, /oi
oaeia i?eaioaoeey ia iauaeou.
Iiiyoea «iauaeoii-i?eaioe?iaaiiue» aicieeei a i?ia?aiie?iaaiee
n?aaieoaeueii iaaeaaii. Eiaaea au/eneeoaeueiay iiuiinoue iaoei auea
iaauniea, i nicaeaiee iauaeoii-i?eaioe?iaaiiuo nenoai ia iiaei auoue e
?a/e. Iniiaie anaai aue i?ia?aiiiue eiae. I?ia?aiienou caienuaaee
iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe eiiaiae aeey auiieiaiey oao eee eiuo aeaenoaee iaae
aeaiiuie, eioi?ua ioi?ieyeenue a iiaeoee e i?ioeaaeo?u. Aeey ?aaiou n
eaaeaeui iauaeoii nicaeaaaeanue naiy i?ioeaaeo?a.
Iauaeou, eo naienoaa e iaoiaeu
Iinoaiaiii n oaaee/aieai i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoe au/eneeoaeueiuo nenoai
i?ioeaaeo?iue iiaeoiae ia/ae caiaiyoueny iauaeoiui. Ia ia?aia ianoi
auaeaeioeny iauaeo, a ia eiae, eioi?ue aai ia?aaaouaaao. Ia o?iaia
iieueciaaoaey iauaeoiue iiaeoiae au?aaeaaony a oii, /oi eioa?oaen
i?aaenoaaeyao niaie iiaeiaea ?aaeueiiai ie?a, a ?aaioa n iaoeiie
naiaeeony e aeaenoaeyi n i?eau/iuie iauaeoaie. Oae, iaiee iiaeii
ioe?uoue, oa?aoue a ii?ooaeue, aeieoiaiou — i?iniio?aoue, eni?aaeoue,
ia?aeiaeeoue n iaeiiai ianoa ia ae?oaia, aua?ineoue a ei?ceio, oaen eee
ienueii — ioi?aaeoue aae?anaoo e o. ae. Iiiyoea iauaeoa ieacaeinue
ianoieueei oe?ieei, /oi aei neo ii? ia iieo/eei no?iaiai ii?aaeaeaiey.
Iauaeo, eae e a ?aaeueiii ie?a, iaeaaeaao ?acee/iuie naienoaaie.
I?ia?aiieno eee iieueciaaoaeue iiaeao eciaiyoue ia ana naienoaa
iauaeoia, a oieueei iaeioi?ua ec ieo. Iiaeii eciaieoue eiy iauaeoa, ii
iaeuecy eciaieoue iauai naiaiaeiiai ianoa ia aeenea, eioi?ue oaeaea
yaeyaony aai naienoaii. Naienoaa ia?aiai oeia a ycueao i?ia?aiie?iaaiey
iinyo iacaaiea read/write (aeey /oaiey e caiene), a naienoaa aoi?iai —
read only (oieueei aeey /oaiey).
Iaoiae — yoi niinia aicaeaenoaey ia iauaeo. Iaoiaeu iicaieytho
nicaeaaaoue e oaeaeyoue iauaeou, a oaeaea eciaiyoue eo naienoaa.
Iai?eia?, aeey oiai /oiau ia?eniaaoue ia ye?aia oi/eo, eeieth eee
ieineoth oeao?o, ninoaaeythony ?aciua iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe eiaeia eee
i?ia?aiiu. Iieueciaaoaeue, iaeiaei, i?eiaiyao aeey ioia?aaeaiey yoeo
iauaeoia iaeei iaoiae Draw( ), eioi?ue niaea?aeeo eiaeu aeey
ioia?aaeaiey anao iauaeoia, n eioi?uie ii ?aaioaao. Ca oaeia oaeianoai
i?eoiaeeony ieaoeoue oai, /oi iauaeoii-i?eaioe?iaaiiua nenoaiu iiaoo
?aaioaoue oieueei ia aeinoaoi/ii iiuiuo au/eneeoaeueiuo onoaiiaeao.
I?ioeaaeo?iue iiaeoiae a ?aiieo IN
Aei ianoiyuaai a?aiaie ai anao iia?aoeeiiiuo nenoaiao i?aiaeaaeae
i?ioeaaeo?iue iiaeoiae. Aeey oiai /oiau i?iecaanoe a nenoaia eaeia-eeai
aeaenoaea, iieueciaaoaeue aeieaeai aue aucaaoue niioaaonoaothuoth
i?ia?aiio (i?ioeaaeo?o) e ia?aaeaoue ae ii?aaeaeaiiua ia?aiao?u,
iai?eia?, eiy ia?aaaouaaaiiai oaeea. I?ia?aiia auiieiyea iaae oaeeii
oeacaiiua aeaenoaey e caeai/eaaea ?aaioo. I?e yoii iieueciaaoaeue a
ia?aoth i/a?aaeue eiae aeaei n caaea/ae ia?aaioee aeieoiaioa, a caoai
oaea n naiei aeieoiaioii. A aeaaiea a?aiaia, eiaaea YAI ia auee
ia?niiaeueiuie, iieueciaaoaeue iienuaae aeaenoaey, eioi?ua aeieaeia auea
auiieieoue caaea/a, ia iaeiai no?aiiii ycuea, iacuaaaiii ycueii
oi?aaeaiey caaeaieyie (JCL—Job Control Language).
N iiyaeaieai oa?ieiaea ycue oi?aaeaiey caaeaieyie oi?inoeeny e
iinoaiaiii i?aa?aoeeny a eiiaiaeioth no?ieo, iaeiaei ia ia?aii ianoa ana
?aaii iaoiaeeeanue i?ioeaaeo?a ia?aaioee aeieoiaioa, a nai aeieoiaio
ea?ae aniiiiaaoaeueioth ?ieue.
Neaaeothuei yoaiii oi?iuaiey ?aaiou n iaoeiie noae nicaeaiea ?acee/iiai
?iaea iia?aoeeiiiuo iaiei/ae (nia/aea oaenoiauo),eioi?ua «ni?yoaee» io
iieueciaaoaey eiiaiaeioth no?ieo DOS. Aaiae iineaaeiaaoaeueiinoe
neiaieia, ec eioi?ie ninoieo eiiaiaea iia?aoeeiiiie nenoaiu, naaeny e
iaaeaoeth iaeiie ooieoeeiiaeueiie eeaaeoe eee uae/eo iuoe. Naiie
?ani?ino?aiaiiie ec oaeeo «iaaeno?iae» iaae iia?aoeeiiiie nenoaiie noaea
iaiei/ea Norton Commander,
Iaeiaei iniiaiui «eino?oiaioii» iieueciaaoaey ana aua inoaaaeanue
eeaaeaoo?a. Ea/anoaaiiue ia?aoiae i?iecioae iinea oiai, eae iiyaeeenue
a?aoe/aneea iaiei/ee. Oaia?ue iieueciaaoaeue a iniiaiii ?aaioaao n
ono?ienoaii oeacaiey, oaeei eae iuoue, o?aeaie eee ieaioao, a ia n
eeaaeaoo?ie (?acoiaaony, yoi ia ioiineony e ?aaioa aioo?e naieo
i?eeiaeaiee, iai?eia?, a oaenoiauo ?aaeaeoi?ao). Aio ia ioaeii iiiieoue
ii/oe ieeaeeo eiiaiae iia?aoeeiiiie nenoaiu. Aeey oiai /oiau caionoeoue
i?eeiaeaiea, aeinoaoi/ii uaeeiooue iuoueth ia aai ecia?aaeaiee eee ia
«cia/ea» (aaoi? i?aaeii/eoaao iacuaaoue aai ieeoia?aiiie).
Io i?ioeaaeo?iiai iiaeoiaea e iauaeoii-i?eaioe?iaaiiiio
A ia/aea 90-o aa. i?ioeaaeo?iue iiaeoiae ana aua i?aiaeaaeaao, iaeiaei
iaia/athony e iaeioi?ua i?eciaee iauaeoii-i?eaioe?iaaiiiai. Iai?eia?,
oaea a Windows 3+ iiaeii iinoaaeoue a niioaaonoaea eiie?aoiiio
aeieoiaioo i?eeiaeaiea aeey aai ia?aaioee. Oiaaea aea iiyaeeny iaoiae
iauaeoiiai naycuaaiey e ano?aeaaiey (OLE), iicaieythuee uae/eii ia
ecia?aaeaiee iauaeoa iayaii caionoeoue i?eeiaeaiea, eioi?ia aai
ia?aaaouaaao, a iinea ieii/aiey ia?aaioee aa?iooueny a i?aaeuaeouaa
i?eeiaeaiea.
N OLE oanii naycai oae iacuaaaiue iaoiae ?aaeaeoe?iaaiey aeieoiaioia «ia
ianoa» (in-place). Anee a aeieoiaio ano?iai iauaeo, eioi?ue aeieaeai
ia?aaaouaaoueny eiie?aoiui i?eeiaeaieai, oi i?e uae/ea ia yoii iauaeoa
ioaeiia i?eeiaeaiea iayaiui ia?acii caioneaaony, i?e/ai a ?aai/ai iiea
ia eciaiyaony ie/aai, e?iia iaiaeae eino?oiaioia. Iai?eia?, anee a
oaenoa, eioi?ue ia?aaaouaaaony a ?aaeaeoi?a Microsoft Word, anoue
oaaeeoea, nicaeaiiay a ?aaeaeoi?a Microsoft Excel, oi i?e uae/ea ia iae
i?iecieaeao caiaia naiaeae eino?oiaioia Excel. Iieueciaaoaeue iiaeao
ia?aaaouaaoue aeieoiaio nianai ae?oaei i?eeiaeaieai, aeaaea ia
iiaeic?aaay ia yoii,
Aua iaeei iaoaieci, eioi?ue oi?inoee ?aaioo e i?eaeecee y?o
iauaeoii-i?eaioe?iaaiiiai iiaeoiaea, iacuaaaony «Drag & Drop», /oi a
aoeaaeueiii ia?aaiaea icia/aao «ia?aoaueoue-e-inoaaeoue». ?aaioay yoei
iaoiaeii, au uaeeaaoa eiiieie iuoe (eae i?aaeei, eaaie) ia ecia?aaeaiee
iauaeoa, ia?aiauaaoa aai ii ye?aio i?e iaaeaoie eiiiea e ioioneaaoa
eiiieo, eiaaea oeacaoaeue ieaaeaony a ioaeiii ianoa ye?aia. Oaeei
ia?acii, i?ioeaaeo?u eiie?iaaiey, ia?aiauaiey e oaeaeaiey noaee
iauaeoii-i?eaioe?iaaiiuie.
*oi aeaeae iieueciaaoaeue, eiaaea aio ioaeii auei oaeaeeoue oaeeu a
iia?aoeeiiiie nenoaia MS-DOS? Ii caioneae i?ioeaaeo?o oaeaeaiey oaeeia,
ia?aaeaaay eo eiaia a ea/anoaa ia?aiao?ia:
del FILEI.TXT FILE2TXT
Yoi aeaenoaea ie/ai ia iaiiieiaao ?aaeueiue ie?, a eioi?ii au i?inoi
aua?anuaaaoa iaioaeiua
Aoiaae a ioni?ioth ei?ceio. Ia ia?aii ianoa aeey ian noieo iauaeo
(aoiaaa), iaae eioi?ui auiieiyaony i?ioeaaeo?u (ia?aiina a ioni?ioth
ei?ceio), R iia?aoeeiiiuo iaiei/eao, eioi?ua ?aaioatho iiae oi?aaeaieai
Windows 3.1, oaeia aeaenoaea oaea ?aaeeciaaii eae
iauaeoiia-i?eaioe?iaaiiia — n iiiiuueth iaoaiecia «Draw & Drop».
Iai?eia?, a iaiei/ea Norton Desktop iiaeii noaaoeoue iuoueth oaee e
ia?aianoe aai ia ecia?aaeaiea ioni?iie ei?ceiu. Yoiai aeinoaoi/ii aeey
oaeaeaiey oaeea. Oae ?aaioa ia ia?niiaeueiii eiiiuethoa?a ana aieueoa
iaiiieiaao iaieioeyoeee n iauaeoaie a ?aaeueiii ie?a.
N?aaieoaeueiay ioeaiea IN IAYI ii aua?aiiui iieacaoaeyi
Windows 3.1 ii n?aaiaieth n Windows 3.0
I?e iaee/ee iiuoa ?aaiou n Windows 3.0 inaiaiea neaaeothuae aa?nee 3.1 —
ia iio?aaoao aieueoeo oneeee, oae eae aiaoiee aeae e niiniau oi?aaeaiey
i?aeoe/anee ia ioee/athony. Aieueoeinoai iiaiaaaaeaiee naiaeeony e
oi?iuaieth na?aena e ono?aiaieth iaoaeianoa oi?aaeaiey. ?a/ue eaeao a
ia?aoth i/a?aaeue ia oaaee/aiee nei?inoe ?aaiou, oi?iuaiee i?ioeaaeo?u
einoaeeyoeee, oniaa?oainoaiaaiee oi?iaoia aeeaeiaiauo ieii e iiauoaiee
yooaeoeaiinoe e eioaeeaeooaeueiinoe Iaiaaeaea?a Ia/aoe (Print Manager).
Ia iaeioi?uo ec iiaiaaaaeaiee (aeaaii iaeeaeaaiuo) oioaeinue au
inoaiiaeoueny iniai.
• A n?aaea Windows 3.1 iiaeii ninoaaeyoue aeieoiaiou ec /anoae,
eioi?ua aioiayony a ?acee/iuo i?eeiaeaieyo, ii i?e yoii neiaeiinoue
?aaiou n oaeei aeieoiaioii ia auoa, /ai anee au ii aioiaeeny a ?aieao
iaeiiai i?eeiaeaiey. Oae, ?aaioay a iiaie aa?nee Windows, i?e anoaaea a
oaeno, iiaeaioiaeaiiue a Write, ?enoiea, nicaeaiiiai a Paintbrush,
?enoiie ?anniao?eaaaony eae iauaeo. Ii iiaeao nio?aiyoueny,
caa?oaeaoueny e ia/aoaoueny niaianoii n aeieoiaioii. Aeaaiie
iniaaiiinoueth oaeiai naycuaaiey ?enoiea e oaenoa yaeyaony i?inoioa
aianaiey eciaiaiee. Iai?eia?, ?aaioay n oaenoii a ?aaeaeoi?a Write,
aeinoaoi/ii auiieieoue aeaieioth oeenaoeeth eo?ni?a ia ?enoiea, /oiau
aucaaoue a?aoe/aneee ?aaeaeoi? Paintbrush. ?enoiie caa?oceony a iaai
aaoiiaoe/anee. Ana aianaiiua iinea yoiai a ?enoiie eciaiaiey
aaoiiaoe/anee ioia?acyony e ai anoaaea a oaenoiaie aeieoiaio. Nicaeaaony
aia/aoeaiea, /oi oaenoiaie ?aaeaeoi? Write niaaaeai aeiiieieoaeueiuie
aiciiaeiinoyie ?aaeaeoe?iaaiey ?enoieia (a iieiii iauaia Paintbrush).
?aaioa n iauaeoaie i?aaeoniao?eaaao oaeaea e iia?aoeee n ieeoia?aiiaie,
Ieeoia?aiiu iiaeii eniieueciaaoue aioo?e aeieoiaioia aeey auiieiaiey
ooieoeee, iiaeiaiuo oai, eioi?ua yoe ieeoia?aiiu auiieiytho a n?aaea
Windows.
• Iaiei/ea Windows 3.1 aeaeaao iiaoth oaoiieiaeth ?aaiou n
eiiiuethoa?ii, iniiaaiioth ia a?aoe/aneii eioa?oaena, aieaa anoanoaaiiie
e yniie. Aua aieueooth ?ieue, /ai a i?ioeuo aa?neyo, caeanue ea?aao
iuoue eae iniiaiie eino?oiaio oi?aaeaiey iaoeiie. A oeaeii ?yaea neo/aaa
aeey auciaa iaeioi?uo (aeiaieueii neiaeiuo) iia?aoeee aeinoaoi/ii i?inoi
“ia?aoaueoue e iieiaeeoue” (Drag and Drop) ieeoia?aiio eee ae?oaie
iauaeo n iiiiuueth iuoe. Iai?eia?, aeey ?ania/aoee iaeioi?iai aeieoiaioa
aeinoaoi/ii n iiiiuueth iuoe “auoaueoue” ec ieia Iaiaaeaea?a Oaeeia
(File Manager) ieeoia?aiio niioaaonoaothuaai oaeea e “iieiaeeoue” aa
iiaa?o ieeoia?aiiu Iaiaaeaea?a Ia/aoe. Ia?aoaneeaaiea ieeoia?aiiu oaeea
aeieoiaioa a ioe?uoia ieii ?aaeaeoi?a Write eee ieii ?aaeaeoi?a Notepad
caa?oaeaao niioaaonoaothuee aeieoiaio a ieii.
Nouanoaaiii oi?inoeeanue ?aaioa n aeieoiaioaie aiiaua. Iiaeii aiai?eoue
i aeieoiaioii?eaioe?iaaiiie i?aaiecaoeee ?aaio. I?e yoii iiaeii
?aniieiaeeoue ieeoia?aiio /anoi eniieuecoaiiai aeieoiaioa a ieia
Iaiaaeaea?a I?ia?aii (Program Manager) e a aeaeueiaeoai aucuaaoue
i?ioeann ia?aaioee yoiai yeaiaioa (iai?eia?, ?aaeaeoe?iaaiea) i?inoi
aeaieiie oeenaoeeae aeaiiie ieeoia?aiiu. Oie aea oeaee neoaeeo e
aiciiaeiinoue aaoiiaoe/aneiai caionea Iaiaaeaea?a Oaeeia iinea caa?ocee
iaiei/ee — ia?aae iieueciaaoaeai n?aco aea ioe?uaaaony iiea auai?a
oaeeia aeieoiaioia.
Cia/eoaeueiie ia?a?aaioea iiaeaa?any e Iaiaaeaea? Oaeeia (File Manager).
?aaioa n iei nouanoaaiii oi?inoeeanue. Iaeiia?aiaiii n yoei aic?inea
i?iecaiaeeoaeueiinoue e yooaeoeaiinoue eniieueciaaiey ye?aiiie ieiuaaee
(anoue aiciiaeiinoue iaeiia?aiaiii iaaethaeaoue aieueoaa /enei ono?ienoa
e aee?aeoi?ee).
A ioee/ea io i?aaeuaeoueo aa?nee Windows 3.1 oaea ia iiaeao ?aaioaoue a
oae iacuaaaiii ?aaeueiii ?aaeeia (Real Mode). Yoio ?aaeei iaania/eaae
niaianoeiinoue aa?nee 3.0 n aieaa ?aiieie aa?neyie 1 ,O e 2.O (oae /oi
i?eeiaeaiey, ?ac?aaioaiiua aeey yoeo ?aiieo aa?nee iaiei/ee, iiaee
auiieiyoueny a n?aaea Windows 3.0 i?e ?aaioa aa a ?aaeueiii ?aaeeia). A
yoii aea ?aaeeia Windows 3.0 iiaea yenieoaoe?iaaoueny ia iaoeiao n
i?ioeanni?aie 8088/8086. A aa?nee iaiei/ee 3.1 ?ac?aaio/eee ?aoeee
?ani?iuaoueny n ie?ii ia?niiaeueiuo IBM-niaianoeiuo iaoei ia?aiai
iieieaiey (PC/XT). Iaiaoiaeeiui oneiaeai aeey iinoaiiaee iaiei/ee
Windows 3.1 ia eiiiuethoa?a yaeyaony i?ioeanni? 80286 (aeaeaoaeai 386,
486). I?e ?aaioa a n?aaea Windows 3.1 iiaoo aicieeiooue i?iaeaiu n
caioneii noa?uo (ec aa?nee 1.O, 2.X) i?eeiaeaiee. Iaeiaei ia?aiin
i?eeiaeaiee ec n?aaeu 3.0 ia aucuaaao, eae i?aaeei, ieeaeeo ia?aeaiee. A
?aaeeeo neo/ayo “aiiiaeueiiai” iiaaaeaiey i?eeiaeaiee ec n?aaeu 3.0 a
n?aaea 3.1 i?eoiaeeony ia?auaoueny e iinoaaueeai i?iaeoeoa.
A n?aaea Windows 3 1 ?aaeeciaai iiaue iaai? o?eooia — oae iacuaaaiua
OaeaOo?a-o?ioo. Yoe o?eoou iioiaee ia PostScript-o?eoou. ii eaaei
aaeaioe?othony iinea iaaieueoie iano?ieee i?aeoe/anee e ethaiio oeio
i?eioa?a. Iaaieueoeie oneeeyie iiaeii aeiaeoueny oniaoa a ?aaioa n yoeie
o?eooaie a aieueoeinoaa Windows-i?eeiaeaiee.
TrueType-o?eoou eaaei iiaeaeathony ianooaae?iaaieth, ?acee/iiai ?iaea
aeaoi?iaoeeyi, a?auaieth e o.i. Aeiiieieoaeueiue eiioi?o aeey ethaeoaeae
auae?aoue e nicaeaaaoue o?eoou iaania/eaaao niaoeeaeueiay i?ia?aiia
aeaiiino?aoeee e eniieueciaaiey ioaeaeueiuo eeoa? o?eooia — Charaker
Map.
Iaeiiaoe, a iaiei/eo Windows 3.1 aeeth/aiu aeaa iaaieueoea
Ioeueoeiaaeea-i?ia?aiiu (Multimedia). Eo eniieueciaaiea i?aaeiieaaaao
iaee/ea niaoeeaeueiie aiia?aoiie iiaeaea?aeee (aeonoe/aneee aaeaioa?,
aiciiaeii, iaeiieoaeue CD-ROM). N iiiiuueth oiiiyioouo i?ia?aii,
iacuaaaiuo Sound Recorder e Media Player, iiaeii ioi?ieoue i?ioeann
i?ioiaeaeaiey i?ia?aii caoeiauie yooaeoaie. Iiaeii ?aaioaoue n oeeo?iaui
i?aaenoaaeaieai ?a/e e iocuee, n ea?oeieaie, iieo/aiiuie, iai?eia?, n
i?iea?uaaoaey aeaeaiaeeneia.
Aeey ia/eiathueo a nenoaia i?aaeoniio?aia iao/athuay i?ia?aiia, e
eioi?ie iiaeii ia?aoeoueny oaea ia yoaia einoaeeyoeee.
Windows 95 ii n?aaiaieth n Windows 3+
I?eioeeieaeueiay iiaecia iia?aoeeiiiie nenoaiu Windows 95 ninoieo eiaiii
a oii, /oi eiioeaioeey iauaeoii-i?eaioe?iaaiiiai iiaeoiaea ?aaeeciaaia a
iae iaeaieaa iieii.
Windows 95 — iauaeoii-i?eaioe?iaaiiay IN
Iauaeoii-i?eaioe?iaaiiue iiaeoiae ?aaeecoaony /a?ac iiaeaeue ?aai/aai
noiea. Windows 95 iaoiaeeony aac i?eau/iiai a Windows 3+ aeeniao/a?a
i?ia?aii (program manager). Iieueciaaoaeue ?aaioaao n caaea/aie e
i?eeiaeaieyie oae aea, eae n aeieoiaioaie ia naiai ienueiaiiii noiea.
Yoi oaeiaii aeey ethaeae, eioi?ua ia?aue ?ac oaeaeaee eiiiuethoa?, ii
nicaeaao iaeioi?ua o?oaeiinoe «ia?aoiaeiiai ia?eiaea» aeey oao, eoi
i?eaue n/eoaoue i?ia?aiio iniiaie anaai nouaai a iaoeia.
Eoae, iaeii ec aeaaiuo ioee/ee Windows 95 io Windows 3+ (e io
iiaeaaeythuaai aieueoeinoaa ae?oaeo iia?aoeeiiiuo nenoai) ninoieo a oii,
/oi iniiaiie oii? a iae aeaeaaony ia aeieoiaio, a i?ia?aiia, caaea/a,
i?eeiaeaiea eee i?ia?aiiiue eiae aiiaua ?anniao?eaathony oieueei eae
eino?oiaio aeey ?aaiou n aeieoiaioii.
Windows 95—iieiioeaiiay iia?aoeeiiiay nenoaia
Ae?oaay i?eioeeieaeueiay iniaaiiinoue Windows 95 ninoieo a oii, /oi iia,
a ioee/ea io Windows 3+, yaeyaony «ianoiyuae» iia?aoeeiiiie nenoaiie (a
ia iia?aoeeiiiie iaiei/eie, auiieiyaiie iiae oi?aaeaieai MS-DOS). Iiae
neiaii «ianoiyuay» iu iiae?acoiaaaai oi, /oi i?e aeeth/aiee iaoeiu n?aco
auiieiyaony caa?ocea Windows 95. Aeey iieueciaaoaey yoi iai?a/eaaaony
iaeioi?uie iaoaeianoaaie. Ii aeieaeai i?eaueiooue e oiio, /oi i?aaeaea
/ai aueeth/eoue iaoeio, ioaeii ei??aeoii caaa?oeoue ?aaioo n Windows 95,
iineieueeo iiaay iia?aoeeiiiay nenoaia nicaeaao aooa?a a iia?aoeaiie
iaiyoe, e eo niaea?aeeiia aeieaeii auoue na?ioaii ia aeene.
Eniieueciaaiea noaiaea?oa Plug & Play
Iiaeoiae e aiia?aoiiio iaania/aieth oaeaea ea?aeeiaeueiui ia?acii
eciaieeny. Oaia?ue nenoaia eniieuecoao noaiaea?o Plug & Play
(ia?aaiaeeony eae «aeeth/ee-e-?aaioae», i?ieciineony /aua anaai eae
«ieaa-i-ieye»), /oi iaeaa/aao e iaeneiaeueii aaoiiaoece?oao i?ioeann
aeiaaaeaiey iiauo ia?eoa?eeiuo ono?ienoa. Noaiaea?o Plug & Play — yoi
niaianoiay ?ac?aaioea oe?i Intel e Microsoft. Iniiaiay aai eaeay
caeeth/aaony a oii, /oi eaaeaeia ono?ienoai, niioaaonoaothuaa yoiio
noaiaea?oo, niiauaao i naaa ii?aaeaeaiioth eioi?iaoeeth, aeaaiaea?y
eioi?ie iia?aoeeiiiay nenoaia auiieiyao aaoiiaoe/aneoth eiioeao?aoeeth
ia?eoa?eeiuo ono?ienoa e ?ac?aoaao aiia?aoiua eiioeeeou. Noaiaea?oo Plug
& Play aeieaeai a ia?aoth i/a?aaeue oaeiaeaoai?youe BIOS iaoa?eineie
ieaou e, ?acoiaaony, ia?eoa?eeiua ono?ienoaa.
32-?ac?yaeiay IN caueuaiiiai ?aaeeia
MS-DOS auea /enoi 16-?ac?yaeiie iia?aoeeiiiie nenoaiie e ?aaioaea a
?aaeueiii ?aaeeia i?ioeanni?a. A aa?neyo Windows 3.1 /anoue eiaea auea
16-?ac?yaeiie, a /anoue — 32-?ac?yaeiie. Windows 3.0 iiaeaea?aeeaaea
?aaeueiue ?aaeei ?aaiou i?ioeanni?a, i?e ?ac?aaioea aa?nee 3.1 auei
?aoaii ioeacaoueny io aai iiaeaea?aeee. Windows 95 yaeyaony
32-?ac?yaeiie iia?aoeeiiiie nenoaiie, eioi?ay ?aaioaao oieueei a
caueuaiiii ?aaeeia i?ioeanni?a. ssae?i, aeeth/athuaa oi?aaeaiea
iaiyoueth e aeeniao/a?ecaoeeth i?ioeannia, niaea?aeeo oieueei
32-?ac?yaeiue eiae. Yoi oiaiueoaao ecaea?aeee e onei?yao ?aaioo. Oieueei
iaeioi?ua iiaeoee eiatho 16-?ac?yaeiue eiae aeey niaianoeiinoe n
?aaeeiii MS-DOS.
I?ei?eoaoiay iiiaicaaea/iinoue
A ioee/ea io i?aaeuaeoueo aa?nee, Windows 95 iiaeaea?aeeaaao
i?ei?eoaoioth iiiaicaaea/iinoue (preemptive multitasking) e
ia?aeeaeueiua i?ioeannu (multithreading). A Windows 3+ nouanoaiaaea oae
iacuaaaiay «auoaniythuay iiiaicaaea/iinoue» (non-preemptive
multitasking), i?e eioi?ie ca ?ani?aaeaeaiea i?ioeanni?iiai a?aiaie
ioaa/aei i?eeiaeaiea. Nenoaia auiieiyea caaea/o aei oao ii?, iiea
i?eeiaeaiea «aeia?iaieueii» ia ioaeaaaei i?ioeanni?. A Windows 95 ca
?ani?aaeaeaiea a?aiaie i?ioeanni?a ioaa/aao yae?i nenoaiu, /oi
iaania/eaaao ii?iaeueioth ?aaioo oiiiauo caaea/.
Nioea? ia/aoe
Nioea? ia/aoe ea?aeeiaeueii ia?a?aaioai ii n?aaiaieth n Windows 3+,
Oaia?ue ia?aeeaeueii n ia/aoueth iiaeii aeaeaoue /oi-eeai aua (a noa?ie
iaiei/ea iiaeii auei eee ia/aoaoue, eee ?aaioaoue). Nioea? ia/aoe oaeaea
noae oaia?ue 32-?ac?yaeiui.
32-?ac?yaeiua onoaiaaeeaaaiua oaeeiaua nenoaiu
Yoa /anoue iia?aoeeiiiie nenoaiu noaea ai?acaei aieaa
i?iecaiaeeoaeueiie, /ai aiaeiae/iua eiiiiiaiou Windows 3+. Aeey aeanoeeo
aeeneia eniieuecothony ae?ooaeueiua oaaeeoeu ?ani?aaeaeaiey oaeeia
(vfat), a aeey eiiiaeo-aeeneia — iiaay oaeeiaay nenoaia CDFS (CD-ROM
File System). I?e yoii eiaia oaeeia iiaoo niaea?aeaoue aei 255 ciaeia,
aeeth/ay i?iaaeu e niaoeeaeueiua neiaieu (niaianoeiinoue ni noa?ie
oaeeiaie nenoaiie nio?aiaia, oioy e ianeieueei eneonnoaaiiui iooai..
Oaia?ue a aieueoeinoaa neo/aaa ia o?aaoaony iiaeoeue MSCDEX AOA,
auiieiyaoee i?aia?aciaaiea oaeeiaie nenoaiu noaiaea?oa ISO-9660
(eiiiaeo-aeenea) e oaeeiaie nenoaia MS-DOS.
Onoaiaaeeaaaiay oaeeiaay nenoaia, eioi?ay ioia?aaeaao oaeeiaoth
no?oeoo?o oaeaeaiiie iaoeiu ia naoaaie aeene ?aai/ae noaioeee,
iacuaaaony naoaaui ?aaee?aeoi?ii. Naoaaua ?aaee?aeoi?u aeey i?ioieieia
IPX/SPX e NetBEU oaeaea eniieuecotho 32-?ac?yaeiue eiae. I?ioieie NetBEU
i?eiaiyaony i?e ?aaioa Windows 3.1, a IPX/ SPX—aeey nayce n iaoeiaie, ia
eioi?uo onoaiiaeaia Windows NT,
N?aaenoaa oaeaeaiiiai aeinooia
A Windows 95 au iiaeaoa iieo/eoue aeinooi e naoe aac onoaiiaee naoaaiai
aaeaioa?a! Aai caiaiyo iiaeai e niaoeeaeueiue i?ioieie ???
(«io-oi/ee-e-oi/ea», eee «point-to-point protocol»). A yoii neo/aa
nei?inoue ?aaiou ia?aie/aia nei?inoueth aaoaai iiaeaia- Nenoaia
i?aaeinoaaeyao ?acaeoua i?ia?aiiiua n?aaenoaa aeey aeinooia e naoyi
Internet, Microsoft Network, America Online e ae?oaei aiaeiae/iui
neoaeaai.
Iiaua aiciiaeiinoe ?aaiou n ioeueoeiaaeea
Nia?aiaiioth iia?aoeeiiioth nenoaio neiaeii i?aaenoaaeoue naaa aac
n?aaenoa ioeueoeiaaeea. Aeey ?aaiou n aoaeei- e aeaeaioaeeaie ?acee/iuo
oi?iaoia a ninoaaa Windows 95 eiaaony iaai? eiaeaeia — yooaeoeaiuo
i?ia?aiiiuo n?aaenoa naeaoey e ?aniaeiaee yoeo oaeeia e i?aia?aciaaiey
eo oi?iaoia aeey auaiaea ia ?acee/iua ono?ienoaa ioeueoeiaaeea (neiai
«eiaeae» yaeyaony nie?auaieai neia «ei-aea?-aeaeiaea?», oae aea, eae
«iiaeai» — nie?auaiea io neia «iiaeoeyoi?-aeaiiaeoeyoi?»). I?e
aini?iecaaaeaiee oaeea nenoaia caioneaao oio eiaeae, n iiiiuueth
eioi?iai oaee aue nicaeai. Ae?aeaa?u caoeiauo ea?o eniieuecotho
32-?ac?yaeiue eiae, ii a oao neo/ayo, eiaaea nenoaia ia iiaeao
?aniiciaoue ea?oo, i?eiaiyaony 16-?ac?yaeiue ae?aeaa? ?aaeueiiai
?aaeeia, eioi?ue iinoaaeyaony aianoa n ea?oie. I?e ?aaioa 32-?ac?yaeiiai
ae?aeaa?a caueuaiiiai ?aaeeia ae?aeaa? ?aaeueiiai ?aaeeia aaoiiaoe/anee
ioeeth/aaony.
I?e onoaiiaea eiiiaeo-aeenea a ono?ienoai n/eouaaiey nenoaia iuoaaony
?aniiciaoue aai oi?iao e caionoeoue niioaaonoaothuaa
i?eeiaeaiea aeey aai aini?iecaaaeaiey. Anee onoaiiaeai aeene oi?iaoa
ISO-9660 (i?ia?aiiiue), oi Windows 95 euao oaee n eiaiai AUTO-RUN.INFu
auiieiyao aai. Yoi iaoaieci iieo/ee iacaaiea Spin & Grin.
Cia/eoaeueii ia?a?aaioai eiae, eioi?ue ioaa/aao ca ia?aaioeo
ecia?aaeaiee. iiyoiio ea/anoai aini?iecaaaeaiey oaeeia AVI neeueii
aic?inei ii n?aaiaieth n Windows 3+, a nei?inoue eo aini?iecaaaeaiey
oaia?ue ii/oe ia caaeneo io aua?aiiiai ianooaaa ecia?aaeaiey.
?aaioa n iaiyoueth
Windows 95 aaoiiaoe/anee inaiaiaeaeaao anth iaiyoue, ioaaaeaiioth
i?eeiaeaieth, iinea oiai, eae iii caeai/eaaao ?aaioo. A Windows 3+
iaei??aeoii iaienaiiua i?eeiaeaiey ia?aaeei inaiaiaeaeaee ia anth
cai?ioaiioth eie iaiyoue. A?aiy io a?aiaie iaiyoe ieacuaaeinue
ianoieueei iaei, /oi aaeeinoaaiiui auoiaeii inoaaaeny ia?acaione nenoaiu
(a eiiaaea e ia?acaa?ocea iaoeiu). Oaeay iai?eyoiinoue iineo iacaaiea
«ooa/ea iaiyoe» («memory leak») e neo/aaony n i?ia?aiiiuie
i?iecaaaeaieyie aeaaea ecaanoiaeoeo oe?i. I?e caaa?oaiee i?eeiaeaiey a
Windows 95 any iaiyoue, caieiaaiay ei, inaiaiaeaeaaony aaoiiaoe/anee, e
oaeeo i?iaeai ia aicieeaao.
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